https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=InstaNews 2026-08-04T18:06:40Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godda_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=500695 2026-05-07T12:33:09Z

<p>InstaNews: Started new stub added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Jharkhand}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Godda &lt;Br&gt;{{Small|JH-3}}<br /> | type = LS<br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Jharkhand/Godda.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Godda Lok Sabha constituency<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | mp = [[Nishikant Dubey]]<br /> | incumbent_image = Nishikant Dubey - Kolkata 2017-07-10 3371.JPG<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | assembly_cons = [[Jarmundi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jarmundi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Madhupur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Madhupur]]&lt;br&gt;[[Deoghar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Deoghar]] &lt;br&gt;[[Poreyahat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Poreyahat]]&lt;br&gt;[[Godda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Godda]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mahagama (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahagama]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Godda Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 14 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Jharkhand]] state in eastern [[India]]. This constituency covers the entire [[Godda district]] and parts of [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]] and [[Dumka district|Dumka]] districts.<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> Presently, Godda Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/ceo/2005/constituencies.html |title=Parliamentary Constituency |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jharkhand website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226080317/http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/ceo/2005/constituencies.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !#<br /> !Name<br /> !District<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024 Lead<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |[[Jarmundi Assembly constituency|Jarmundi]]<br /> |[[Dumka district|Dumka]]<br /> |[[Devendra Kunwar (Jharkhand politician)|Devendra Kunwar]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |[[Madhupur Assembly constituency|Madhupur]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]<br /> |[[Hafizul Hasan]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |[[Deoghar Assembly constituency|Deoghar]] (SC)<br /> |[[Suresh Paswan]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |[[Poreyahat Assembly constituency|Poreyahat]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Godda district|Godda]]<br /> |[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |[[Godda Assembly constituency|Godda]]<br /> |[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |[[Mahagama Assembly constituency|Mahagama]]<br /> |[[Dipika Pandey Singh]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of Parliament ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Prabhu Dayal Himatsingka]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> |[[Jagdish Mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> |[[Jagdambi Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> ||Maulana Saminuddin<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br /> |Maulana Salahuddin<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |[[Janardan Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> |[[Suraj Mandal (politician)|Suraj Mandal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jagdambi Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> |2002^<br /> |[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> |[[Furkan Ansari]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Nishikant Dubey]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===General election 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Godda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Godda&quot;&gt;{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Godda |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S273.htm |access-date=2 July 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702100553/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S273.htm |archive-date=2 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nishikant Dubey]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,93,140|percentage=49.57|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician) |Pradeep Yadav]] |party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,91,327|percentage=42.29|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sumit Mohan Jha |party=Independent |votes=96,837 |percentage=1.92|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=4,361|percentage=0.31|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,01,813|percentage=7.28|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=14,02,941|percentage=69.10|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janta Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2019===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Godda]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nishikant Dubey]]|votes=6,37,610|percentage=53.40|change=+17.15}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|candidate=[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]|votes=4,53,383|percentage=37.97|change=+19.53}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=18,683|percentage=1.56|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Zafffar Obaid|votes=17,583|percentage=1.47|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Rangaiah|party=Independent (politician)|votes=16,456|percentage=1.38|change=}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,84,227|percentage=15.43|change=+9.65}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=11,94,343|percentage=69.57|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2014===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Godda]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nishikant Dubey]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=3,80,500|percentage=36.25|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Furkan Ansari]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=3,19,818|percentage=30.47|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]|party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|votes=1,93,506|percentage=18.44|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Damodar Singh|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=28,246|percentage=2.69|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sunil Kumar Gupta|party=Independent (politician)|votes=22,349|percentage=2.13|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=12,410|percentage=1.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=60,682|percentage=5.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=10,49,642|percentage=65.98|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Deoghar district]]<br /> * [[Godda district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/jharkhand/godda/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Godda lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Jharkhand}}<br /> {{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|24.83|87.21|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Godda district]]<br /> [[Category:Deoghar district]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2027_Rajya_Sabha_elections&diff=483535 2026-05-07T08:14:39Z

<p>InstaNews: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Elections for the Upper House of Indian Parliament}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = parliamentary<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | previous_election = 2026 Rajya Sabha elections<br /> | previous_year = 2026<br /> | next_election = 2028 Rajya Sabha elections<br /> | next_year = 2028<br /> | election_date = 2027<br /> | seats_for_election = 4 of the 233{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]]}} elected seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> | majority_seats = 123{{efn|out of 245 (including 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]])}} total<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- NDA --&gt;| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jagat_Prakash_Nadda_2023.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}} <br /> | leader1 = [[J. P. Nadda]] <br /> | party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | leader_since1 = 24 June 2024<br /> | leaders_seat1 = <br /> | alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br /> | seats_before1 =<br /> | seats_after1 =<br /> | seat_change1 = <br /> &lt;!-- INDIA --&gt;| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mallikarjun_Kharge_briefing_the_media_after_presenting_the_Interim_Railway_Budget_2014-15_in_New_Delhi_(cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}} <br /> | leader2 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]<br /> | party2 = Indian National Congress<br /> | leader_since2 = 16 February 2021<br /> | leaders_seat2 = <br /> | alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br /> | seats_before2 = <br /> | seats_after2 = <br /> | seat_change2 = <br /> | 1blank = Current Alliance seats<br /> | 1data1 = <br /> | 1data2 = <br /> | 2blank = Alliance seats after<br /> | 2data1 = <br /> | 2data2 = <br /> | 3blank = Seat change<br /> | 3data1 = <br /> | 3data2 = <br /> <br /> | title = Majority<br /> | posttitle =<br /> | before_election = <br /> | before_party = [[National Democratic Alliance]]<br /> | after_election =<br /> | after_party = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 2027 '''Rajya Sabha elections''' will be held as part of a routine six-year cycle of the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]] to elect 4 of its 245 members, of which the states through their legislators elect 233, and the remaining 12 are appointed by the President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/RetLMemState.aspx|title=Statewise Retirement|website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members Retiring==<br /> === [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]] ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> !#<br /> !Previous MP<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Alliance<br /> !Term end<br /> !Elected MP<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Alliance<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> |[[P. V. Abdul Wahab]]<br /> |{{party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br /> |{{party color cell|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br /> |[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]&lt;br&gt;([[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]])<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|23-Apr-2027<br /> |<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |{{party color cell|United Democratic Front (Kerala)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]&lt;br&gt;([[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]])<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> |[[John Brittas]]<br /> |{{party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |{{party color cell|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]&lt;br&gt;([[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]])<br /> |<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> |[[V. Sivadasan]]<br /> |<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |colspan=2|{{efn|1=Quota = 140 ÷ (3+1) + 1 = 36 votes. UDF with 102 MLAs could win 2 seats; remaining votes are UDF 30, LDF 35 and NDA 3. Since none reach 36, the result of the 3rd seat depends on the stand of the 3 Other MLAs (BJP-3).}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Puducherry|Puducherry]] ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> !#<br /> !Previous MP<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> !Term end<br /> !Elected MP<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> |[[S. Selvaganapathy]]<br /> |{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |06-Oct-2027<br /> |<br /> |{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Rajya Sabha}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Future elections in India|Rajya Sabha]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha elections in India]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palsud&diff=523990 2026-05-03T13:14:05Z

<p>InstaNews: Done - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Palsud<br /> | settlement_type = [[Town]]<br /> | pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|21.82|N|74.96|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Barwani district|Barwani]]<br /> | population_total = 10,113<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Nimadi language|Nimari]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 451447<br /> }}<br /> '''Palsud''' is a town and a [[Nagar Parishad]] in the [[Barwani District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], Central India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://barwani.nic.in/en/public-utility/nagar-parishad-palsud/|title=Nagar Parishad palsud &amp;#124; District Barwani, Government of Madhya Pradesh &amp;#124; India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is entirely located in the [[Nimar]] region.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Palsud is located at {{Coord|21.82|N|74.96|E}} and has an average elevation of {{cvt|508|m}}. It is in the [[Satpura Range|Satpura]] mountain range on the banks of the [[Gori Ganga|Goi River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Palsud.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Palsud, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> According to the 2011 [[Census of India]], Palsud has a population of 10,113, with 5,207 males and 4,906 females. Children aged 0-6 make up 1,670 individuals, accounting for 16.51% of the total population.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Population, population in the age group 0-6 and literates by sex - Cities/Towns (in alphabetic order): 2001 |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |access-date= |website=www.censusindia.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Educational organizations==<br /> There are number of educational institutions in Palsud, such as Government College, Palsud, and a Government Boys and Government Girls schools.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HSS BOYS PALSUD - Palsud District Barwani (Madhya Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/barwani/23280107125/hss-boys-palsud.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=schools.org.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Palsud is connected with mejor highway MP State Highway 39A, [[Barwani]] is 35 km away from Palsud. <br /> Palsud is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indore Division}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Barwani district]]<br /> [[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2007_World_Twenty20&diff=549167 2026-05-02T12:44:29Z

<p>InstaNews: Done - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Inaugural edition of the ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket tournament<br /> | name = 2007 ICC World Twenty20<br /> | image = 2007 ICC World Twenty20.svg<br /> | imagesize = 200px<br /> | administrator = [[International Cricket Council]]<br /> | cricket format = [[Twenty20|Twenty20 International]]<br /> | tournament format = [[Tournament#Group tournaments|Group stage]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]<br /> | host = South Africa<br /> | champions = {{cr|IND}}<br /> | runner up = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | count = 1<br /> | participants = 12 (from 16 entrants)<br /> | matches = 27<br /> | attendance =516488<br /> | player of the series = {{cricon|PAK}} [[Shahid Afridi]]<br /> | most runs = {{cricon|AUS}} [[Matthew Hayden]] (265)<br /> | most wickets = {{cricon|PAK}} [[Umar Gul]] (13)<br /> | website = [http://www.icc-cricket.com www.icc-cricket.com]<br /> | next_year = 2009<br /> <br /> | next_tournament = 2009 World Twenty20<br /> | fromdate = 11<br /> | todate = 24 September 2007&lt;ref name=Fixtures&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketwa.com/10755/series/t20-world-cup-2007-schedule-fixtures.aspx|title=T20 World Cup 2007|access-date=2015-12-22|publisher=cricketwa}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''2007 ICC World Twenty20''' was the inaugural edition of the [[Men's T20 World Cup]], formerly known as the '''ICC World Twenty20''' that was contested in [[South Africa]] from 11 to 24 September 2007. Twelve teams took part in the thirteen-day tournament—the ten [[Test cricket|Test]]-playing nations and the finalists of the [[2007 World Cricket League Division One]] tournament: [[Kenyan cricket team|Kenya]] and [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]]. [[Indian national cricket team|India]] won the tournament, beating [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the [[2007 World Twenty20 final|final]] at [[Wanderers Stadium|Johannesburg]] by 5 runs.&lt;ref name=&quot;india win&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first = Paresh|last = Soni|title = ICC World Twenty20|url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/7009035.stm|publisher = [[BBC]]|date = 24 September 2007|access-date = 2007-09-24|quote = India beat Pakistan in the World Twenty20 final by five runs to clinch their first major trophy since 1983.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rules and regulations==<br /> [[Image:2007t20.jpg|thumb|280px|ICC World T20 2007 BAN vs RSA]]<br /> During the group stage and Super Eight, points were awarded to the teams as follows:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Results<br /> ! Points<br /> |-<br /> |Win||2 points<br /> |-<br /> |No result||1 point<br /> |-<br /> |Loss||0 points<br /> |}<br /> In case of a [[Tie (cricket)#Tie|tie]] (i.e., both teams score exactly the same number of runs at the end of their respective innings), a [[bowl-out]] decided the winner. This was applicable in all stages of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;[http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/playing-conditions.html Playing conditions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720113337/http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/playing-conditions.html |date=20 July 2008 }}, from ICC World Twenty20 homepage, retrieved 12 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt; The bowl-out was used to determine the result of only one game in this tournament – the Group D game between India and Pakistan on 14 September [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: India vs Pakistan|(scorecard)]].<br /> <br /> Within each group (both group stage and Super Eight stage), teams were ranked against each other based on the following criteria:&lt;ref&gt;[http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/icc_world_twenty20_playing_conditions_final.pdf Final WorldTwenty20 Playing conditions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911035806/http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/icc_world_twenty20_playing_conditions_final.pdf |date=11 September 2008 }}, from ICC World Twenty20 homepage, retrieved 12 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Higher number of points<br /> # If equal, higher number of wins<br /> # If still equal, higher [[net run rate]]<br /> # If still equal, lower [[strike rate#Bowling strike rate|bowling strike rate]]<br /> # If still equal, result of head-to-head meeting.<br /> <br /> ==Qualification==<br /> {{See also|2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One}}<br /> Teams from every [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] Region :<br /> {{div col}}<br /> {{no col break|'''[[Africa Cricket Association|Africa]]''' (3)<br /> * {{cr|KEN}}<br /> * {{cr|SA}} (host nation)<br /> * {{cr|ZIM}}}}<br /> {{no col break|'''[[ICC Americas|Americas]]''' (1)<br /> * {{cr|WIN}}}}<br /> {{no col break|'''[[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]''' (4)<br /> * {{cr|BAN}} <br /> * {{cr|IND}} <br /> * {{cr|PAK}}<br /> * {{cr|SL}} }}<br /> {{no col break|'''[[ICC East Asia-Pacific|East Asia-Pacific]]''' (2)<br /> * {{cr|AUS}} <br /> * {{cr|NZ}}}}<br /> {{no col break|'''[[ICC Europe|Europe]]''' (2)<br /> * {{cr|ENG}} <br /> * {{cr|SCO}}}}<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> By finishing first and second in the [[2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One|2007 WCL Division One]], [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] and [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]] qualified for the World Twenty20.&lt;ref name=&quot;Preview of Series&quot;&gt;[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/worldcricketleague/content/story/278133.html A long way from home] &quot;... place among the big boys in the inaugural Twenty20 World Championship in South Africa this September ...&quot; from Cricinfo, retrieved 9 April 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Venues==<br /> All matches were played at the following three grounds:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; margin: 1em auto&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;33%&quot; | [[Cape Town]]<br /> ! width=&quot;34%&quot; | [[Durban]]<br /> ! width=&quot;33%&quot; | [[Johannesburg]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Newlands Cricket Ground]]<br /> | [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]]<br /> | [[Wanderers Stadium]]<br /> |-<br /> | Capacity: 22,000<br /> | Capacity: 25,000<br /> | Capacity: 34,000<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Newlandsoverview.jpg|150px]]<br /> | [[File:Kingsmead2009.jpg|150px]]<br /> | [[File:The Wanderers 2.jpg|150px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=3 |{{location map+ |South Africa |float=center |width=375 |caption= |places=<br /> {{location map~ |South Africa |lat=-33.9737 |long=18.468933 |label=[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] |position=top}}<br /> {{location map~ |South Africa |lat=-29.850058 |long=31.027814 |label=[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] |position=bottom}}<br /> {{location map~ |South Africa |lat=-26.131158 |long=28.057414 |label=[[Wanderers Stadium]] |position=left}}<br /> }}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Groups==<br /> <br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break|25%}}<br /> ;Group A<br /> * {{cr|SA}}<br /> * {{cr|BAN}}<br /> * {{cr|WIN}}<br /> {{col-break|25%}}<br /> ;Group B<br /> * {{cr|AUS}}<br /> * {{cr|ENG}}<br /> * {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> {{col-break|25%}}<br /> ;Group C<br /> * {{cr|SRI}}<br /> * {{cr|NZ}}<br /> * {{cr|KEN}}<br /> {{col-break|25%}}<br /> ;Group D<br /> * {{cr|IND}}<br /> * {{cr|PAK}}<br /> * {{cr|SCO}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==Match officials==<br /> ===Umpires===<br /> Five umpires from the [[Elite Panel of ICC Umpires]], along with four members of the [[ICC International umpire panel]] completed the list of umpires for the 27 match tournament. A rotation system saw all officials serve on-field, as well as in third umpire capacities.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Umpire<br /> ! Panel<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mark Benson]]<br /> |Elite<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Billy Doctrove]]<br /> |Elite<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Daryl Harper]]<br /> |Elite<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Asad Rauf]]<br /> |Elite<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Simon Taufel]]<br /> |Elite<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]]<br /> |International<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Tony Hill (cricket)|Tony Hill]]<br /> |International<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Ian Howell]]<br /> |International<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Llong]]<br /> |International<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Three South African officials—[[Marais Erasmus]], [[Karl Hurter]], and [[Brian Jerling]]—served as [[fourth umpire]]s for all group stage matches.<br /> <br /> ===Referees===<br /> The three match referees selected were members of the [[Panel of ICC Referees]], and were responsible for all 27 matches.<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Referee<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Broad (cricketer)|Chris Broad]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Ranjan Madugalle]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mike Procter]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Squads==<br /> {{main|2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads}}<br /> <br /> ==Group stage==<br /> The 12 participant teams were divided into four groups of three teams each. The groups were determined based on the rankings of the teams in Twenty20 as of 1 March 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/cricket/2007/jun/13ind.htm |title=Twenty20 WC: India, Pak in same group |date=13 June 2007 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=2009-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216081401/http://inhome.rediff.com/cricket/2007/jun/13ind.htm |archive-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The top two teams from each group went through to the second stage of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsaustralia.com/articles/news.php?id=1310 |title=Twenty20 World Championship Schedule announced |date=15 May 2007 |publisher=SportsAustralia.com |access-date=2009-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801162957/http://sportsaustralia.com/articles/news.php?id=1310 |archive-date=1 August 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A warm-up match was played between South Africa and Pakistan on 6 September 2007 in which South Africa defeated Pakistan by 25 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Grundlingh |first=Albert |title=Diffusion and Depiction: How Afrikaners Came to Play Cricket in Twentieth-Century South Africa |date=2018 |work=Cricket and Society in South Africa, 1910–1971 |pages=191–206 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93608-6_7 |access-date=2024-01-26 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-93608-6_7 |isbn=978-3-319-93607-9|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''All times given are [[South African Standard Time]] ([[UTC+02:00]])'''<br /> <br /> ===Group A===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |show_groups=yes<br /> |group_header=Seed<br /> <br /> |section=A<br /> <br /> |team1=SA |team2=BDESH |team3=WI<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |group_BDESH=A3 |win_BDESH=1 |loss_BDESH=1 |nrr_BDESH=0.149<br /> |group_SA=A1 |win_SA=2 |nrr_SA=0.974<br /> |group_WI=A2 |loss_WI=2 |nrr_WI=-1.233<br /> <br /> |name_SA={{cr|RSA}}<br /> |name_BDESH={{cr|BAN}}<br /> |name_WI={{cr|West Indies}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> Group A saw the only exit of a seeded team when the [[West Indies Cricket Team|West Indies]] were eliminated after losing both their matches. Their first loss came after [[Chris Gayle]]'s record 117 runs was not enough to prevent [[South African Cricket Team|South Africa]] from winning and Bangladesh also winning against West Indies.<br /> {{anchor|West Indies vs South Africa}}<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 11 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|West Indies}}<br /> | score1 = 205/6 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 117 (57)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Johan van der Wath]] 2/33 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br /> | score2 = 208/2 (17.4 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Herschelle Gibbs]] 90* (55)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Fidel Edwards]] 1/21 (3 overs)<br /> | result= South Africa won by 8 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: West Indies vs South Africa|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (WI)<br /> | toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | notes = [[Vernon Philander]], [[Morne Morkel]] (both SA) and [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]], [[Fidel Edwards]] (both WI) all made their T20I debuts.<br /> *[[Chris Gayle]] became the first person to hit a century in an official Twenty20 International. He also scored the most sixes in one innings of Twenty20 with 10.<br /> * The West Indian first-wicket partnership of 145 between Chris Gayle and Devon Smith was the highest in Twenty20 international cricket.<br /> * The West Indies beat their own record of giving away the most extras in a Twenty20 match, with 28 (4 leg-byes, 23 wides and a no-ball).<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 13 September | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|West Indies}}<br /> | score1 = 164/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Devon Smith]] 51 (52)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 4/34 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|BAN}}<br /> | score2 = 165/4 (18 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Aftab Ahmed (Bangladeshi cricketer)|Aftab Ahmed]] 62 (49)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] 2/10 (2 overs)<br /> | result = Bangladesh won by 6 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: West Indies vs Bangladesh|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)<br /> | motm = [[Mohammad Ashraful]] (Ban)<br /> | toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain = South Africa and Bangladesh qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 15 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 144 (19.3 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Aftab Ahmed (Bangladeshi cricketer)|Aftab Ahmed]] 36 (14)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 3/40 (3.3 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br /> | score2 = 146/3 (18.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 41 (29)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Abdur Razzak (cricketer)|Abdur Razzak]] 2/26 (4 overs)<br /> | result = South Africa won by 7 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: South Africa vs Bangladesh|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Tony Hill (cricket)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)<br /> | motm = [[Morne Morkel]] (SA)<br /> | toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Group B===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |show_groups=yes<br /> |group_header=Seed<br /> <br /> |section=B<br /> <br /> |team1=AUS |team2=ENG |team3=ZIM<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |group_AUS=B1 |win_AUS=1 |loss_AUS=1 |nrr_AUS=0.987<br /> |group_ENG=B2 |win_ENG=1 |loss_ENG=1 |nrr_ENG=0.209<br /> |group_ZIM=B3 |win_ZIM=1 |loss_ZIM=1 |nrr_ZIM=-1.196<br /> <br /> |name_AUS={{cr|AUS}}<br /> |name_ENG={{cr|ENG}}<br /> |name_ZIM={{cr|ZIM}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> Group B started with World Champions [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] being defeated by [[Zimbabwe Cricket Team|Zimbabwe]], [[Brendan Taylor]] scored 60 (not out) and saw the Africans home with one ball to spare.<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 12 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}<br /> | score1 = 138/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Brad Hodge]] 35 (22)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Elton Chigumbura]] 3/20 (3 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> | score2 = 139/5 (19.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Brendan Taylor]] 60[[not out|*]] (45)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Stuart Clark]] 2/22 (4 overs)<br /> | result= Zimbabwe won by 5 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: Australia vs Zimbabwe|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Tony Hill (cricket)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)<br /> | motm = [[Brendan Taylor]] (Zim)<br /> | toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | notes = [[Tatenda Taibu]], [[Vusi Sibanda]], [[Tawanda Mupariwa]] (Zim), [[Brad Hodge]] and [[Mitchell Johnson]] (both Aus) all made their T20I debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 13 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}<br /> | score1 = 188/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Kevin Pietersen]] 79 (37)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Elton Chigumbura]] 4/31 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> | score2 = 138/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Brendan Taylor]] 47 (39)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Dimitri Mascarenhas]] 3/18 (4 overs)<br /> | result = England won by 50 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: England vs Zimbabwe|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Ian Howell]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Kevin Pietersen]] (Eng)<br /> | toss = England won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | notes = [[Luke Wright]], [[Darren Maddy]] and [[Chris Schofield]] (Eng) all made their T20I debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 14 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}<br /> | score1 = 135 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Andrew Flintoff]] 31 (19)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Nathan Bracken]] 3/16 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|AUS}}<br /> | score2 = 136/2 (14.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Matthew Hayden]] 67[[not out|*]] (43)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Andrew Flintoff]] 1/25 (4 overs)<br /> | result= Australia won by 8 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: England vs Australia|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Ian Howell]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Nathan Bracken]] (Aus)<br /> | toss = England won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = Australia and England qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Group C===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |show_groups=yes<br /> |group_header=Seed<br /> <br /> |section=C<br /> <br /> |team1=SL |team2=NZ |team3=KENYA<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |group_KENYA=C3 |loss_KENYA=2 |nrr_KENYA=-8.047<br /> |group_NZ=C1 |win_NZ=1 |loss_NZ=1 |nrr_NZ=2.396<br /> |group_SL=C2 |win_SL=2 |nrr_SL=4.721<br /> <br /> |name_KENYA={{cr|KEN}}<br /> |name_NZ={{cr|NZ}}<br /> |name_SL={{cr|SRI}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> In the first match Kenya scored the lowest Twenty20 International total of 73 against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] and went on to lose with 12.2 overs and 9 wickets to spare. Kenya's fate was sealed when they allowed [[Sri Lankan national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] to post a Twenty20 world record of 260 in the group's second match. Kenya were then bowled out for 88 and lost by a record 172 runs.<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 12 September <br /> | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}<br /> | score1 = 73 (16.5 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Collins Obuya]] 18 (25)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Mark Gillespie (New Zealand cricketer)|Mark Gillespie]] 4/7 (2.5 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|NZ}}<br /> | score2 = 74/1 (7.4 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Lou Vincent]] 27 (20)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Thomas Odoyo]] 1/22 (3 overs)<br /> | result = New Zealand won by 9 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: Kenya vs New Zealand|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Mark Gillespie (New Zealand cricketer)|Mark Gillespie]] (NZ)<br /> | toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | notes = [[Nehemiah Odhiambo]], [[Maurice Ouma]] (Ken) and [[Chris Martin (cricketer)|Chris Martin]], [[Daniel Vettori]] (NZ) all made their T20I debuts.<br /> * Kenya's score of 73 all out was the lowest ever score in a Twenty20 International.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Anchor|SL world record}}{{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 14 September <br /> | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}<br /> | score1 = 260/6 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 88 (44)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Jimmy Kamande]] 3/48 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|KEN}}<br /> | score2 = 88 (19.3 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Alex Obanda]] 21 (25)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]] 2/4 (1.3 overs)<br /> | result = Sri Lanka won by 172 runs<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)<br /> | motm = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] (SL)<br /> | toss = Kenya won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: Kenya vs Sri Lanka|(scorecard)]]<br /> | rain = [[Jehan Mubarak]] and [[Gayan Wijekoon]] (both SL) made their T20I debuts.<br /> * Sri Lanka's score of 260 for six was the highest recorded in any top-level Twenty20 match. They also recorded the largest margin of victory in Twenty20 Internationals.<br /> * Sri Lanka and New Zealand qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 15 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}<br /> | score1 = 164/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Ross Taylor]] 62 (42)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Dilhara Fernando]] 2/31 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|SRI}}<br /> | score2 = 168/3 (18.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 61 (44)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Daniel Vettori]] 2/23 (4 overs)<br /> | result = Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] (SL)<br /> | toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> |report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: New Zealand vs Sri Lanka|(scorecard)]]<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Group D===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |show_groups=yes<br /> |group_header=Seed<br /> <br /> |section=D<br /> <br /> |team1=INDIA |team2=PAK |team3=SCOT<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |group_INDIA=D2 |win_INDIA=1 |nr_INDIA=1 |nrr_INDIA=0.000<br /> |group_PAK=D1 |win_PAK=1 |loss_PAK=1 |nrr_PAK=1.275<br /> |group_SCOT=D3 |loss_SCOT=1 |nr_SCOT=1 |nrr_SCOT=-2.550<br /> <br /> |name_INDIA={{cr|IND}}<br /> |name_PAK={{cr|PAK}}<br /> |name_SCOT={{cr|SCO}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> India and Pakistan played in the first ever World Twenty20 bowl-out. India's bowlers defeated Pakistan 3–0.<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 12 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}<br /> | score1 = 171/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Younis Khan]] 41 (29)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Craig Wright (cricketer)|Craig Wright]] 3/29 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|SCO}}<br /> | score2 = 120 (19.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Fraser Watts]] 46 (35)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Shahid Afridi]] 4/19 (4 overs)<br /> | result = Pakistan won by 51 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: Pakistan vs Scotland|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | motm = [[Shahid Afridi]] (Pak)<br /> | notes = This was Scotland's inaugural T20I match.<br /> *[[Fraser Watts]], [[Ryan Watson (cricketer)|Ryan Watson]], [[Navdeep Poonia]], [[Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)|Gavin Hamilton]], [[Neil McCallum (cricketer)|Neil McCallum]], [[Dougie Brown]], [[Colin Smith (Scottish cricketer)|Colin Smith]], [[Majid Haq]], [[Craig Wright (cricketer)|Craig Wright]], [[John Blain (cricketer)|John Blain]], [[Dewald Nel]] (Sco) all made their T20I debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 13 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 =<br /> | runs1 =<br /> | wickets1 =<br /> | team2 = {{cr|SCO}}<br /> | score2 =<br /> | runs2 =<br /> | wickets2 =<br /> | result= No Result<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: India vs Scotland|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | motm =<br /> | rain = No play was possible due to rain.<br /> | notes = Points were shared. As a result of this match, Pakistan qualified for the Super 8s.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 14 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 = 141/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 50 (39)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Mohammad Asif (cricketer)|Mohammad Asif]] 4/18 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | score2 = 141/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 53 (35)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Irfan Pathan]] 2/20 (4 overs)<br /> | result= Scores tied, India won 3-0 via [[bowl-out]]. (Ind {{fontcolor|green|X X X}}, Pak {{fontcolor|red|O O O}})<br /> | report = [[n:2007 Twenty20 World Championship: India vs Pakistan|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Mohammad Asif (cricketer)|Mohammad Asif]] (Pak)<br /> | toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | notes = [[Sohail Tanvir]] (Pak) made his T20I debut.<br /> * After the scores were tied, the winner of the match was decided via a bowl out. India won the bowl out and qualified for the Super 8s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=20 May 2024 |title=T20 World Cup rewind: India beat Pakistan in cricket's first and only bowl-out |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/t20-world-cup-rewind-india-beat-pakistan-in-crickets-first-and-only-bowlout-101716202786356.html |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Super 8s==<br /> <br /> This tournament's Super Eight format was designed such that the top 2 seeds from each group was pre-decided at the start of the tournament. The actual performance of the team in the Group Stage played no role in determining if the team qualified into Super Eight Group E or F. For example, in Group C, though Sri Lanka finished with more points than New Zealand, for the purpose of the Super Eight groupings, New Zealand retained the group's top seed position (C1) while Sri Lanka retained the group's second seed position (C2).<br /> <br /> In case a third-seeded team qualified ahead of the two top-seeded teams, it took on the seed of the eliminated team. This only happened in Group A, where Bangladesh (original seed A3) qualified ahead of West Indies (original seed A2) and therefore took on the A2 spot in Group F. The other seven top seeds qualified.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/tournament-format.html|title=Tournament format|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011082654/http://worldtwenty20.yahoo.com/abouttwenty20/tournament-format.html |archive-date=11 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. The two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Teams<br /> |-<br /> <br /> | {{cr|AUS}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|BAN}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|ENG}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|IND}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|NZ}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|PAK}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|SA}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{cr|SL}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Group E===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |section=E<br /> <br /> |team1=IND |team2=NZ |team3=SA |team4=ENG<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |win_ENG=0 |loss_ENG=3 |nrr_ENG=-0.700<br /> |win_IND=2 |loss_IND=1 |nrr_IND=0.750<br /> |win_NZ=2 |loss_NZ=1 |nrr_NZ=0.050<br /> |win_SA=2 |loss_SA=1 |nrr_SA=-0.116<br /> <br /> |name_ENG={{cr|ENG}}<br /> |name_IND={{cr|IND}}<br /> |name_NZ={{cr|NZ}}<br /> |name_SA={{cr|RSA}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 16 September | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}<br /> | score1 = 190 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 45 (31)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/24 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br /> | score2 = 180/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 51 (33)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Daniel Vettori]] 4/20 (4 overs)<br /> | result = New Zealand won by 10 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: India vs New Zealand|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)<br /> | motm = [[Daniel Vettori]] (NZ)<br /> | toss = India won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 16 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}<br /> | score1 = 154/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Albie Morkel]] 43 (20)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Stuart Broad]] 3/37 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ENG}}<br /> | score2 = 135/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Owais Shah]] 36 (31)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 2/12 (2 overs)<br /> | result = South Africa won by 19 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: South Africa vs England|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Tony Hill (cricket)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)<br /> | motm = [[Albie Morkel]] (SA)<br /> | toss = England won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Jeremy Snape]] (Eng) made his T20 debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 18 September | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}<br /> | score1 = 164/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Craig McMillan]] 57 (31)<br /> | wickets1 = [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] 2/24 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ENG}}<br /> | score2 = 159/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Darren Maddy]] 50 (31)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Shane Bond]] 2/20 (4 overs)<br /> | result= New Zealand won by 5 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: England vs New Zealand|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Craig McMillan]] (NZ)<br /> | toss = England won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 19 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}<br /> | score1 = 153/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Craig McMillan]] 48 (25)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Morné Morkel]] 4/16 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br /> | score2 = 158/4 (19.1 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Justin Kemp]] 89[[not out|*]] (56)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Mark Gillespie (New Zealand cricketer)|Mark Gillespie]] 2/11 (3.1 overs)<br /> | result = South Africa won by 6 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: South Africa vs New Zealand|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Justin Kemp]] (SA)<br /> | toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Nathan McCullum]] (NZ) made his T20I debut.<br /> * England were eliminated as a result of this match.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ----<br /> {{Anchor|Yuvraj world record}}{{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 19 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ENG}}<br /> | score2 = 200/6 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Vikram Solanki]] 43 (31)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Irfan Pathan]] 3/37 (4 overs)<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 = 218/4 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 68 (52)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Chris Tremlett]] 2/45 (4 overs)<br /> | result= India won by 18 runs<br /> | report= [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: England vs India|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Yuvraj Singh]] (Ind)<br /> | toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Rohit Sharma]], [[Joginder Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Chris Tremlett]] (Eng) made their T20I debuts.<br /> * [[Yuvraj Singh]] scored the [[fastest fifty in a Twenty20 International]] from just 12 deliveries faced (previous best was 20 balls by [[Mohammed Ashraful]] in the same tournament) and also became the fourth cricketer in all official forms of cricket and the first in Twenty20 to hit [[6 sixes in an over]]. [[Stuart Broad]] was the bowler.<br /> * This was the highest score against a Test team during the tournament.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 20 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 = 153/5 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 50 (40)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 2/17 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br /> | score2 = 116/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 36 (37)<br /> | wickets2 = [[R. P. Singh]] 4/13 (4 overs)<br /> | result = India won by 37 runs<br /> | report= [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: South Africa vs India|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Sahara Stadium Kingsmead|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Ind)<br /> | toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = After three teams finished on equal points, New Zealand and India advanced to the semi-finals by having higher net run rates. The hosts, South Africa, were eliminated as a result of this match.<br /> * South Africa needed 126 runs while chasing to qualify for semi final but they failed and were eliminated.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Group F===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br /> |update=complete<br /> |show_tie=no<br /> |source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results ESPNCricinfo]<br /> |section=F<br /> <br /> |team1=PAK |team2=AUS |team3=SL |team4=BAN<br /> |result1=Q |result2=Q<br /> <br /> |win_AUS=2 |loss_AUS=1 |nrr_AUS=2.256<br /> |win_BAN=0 |loss_BAN=3 |nrr_BAN=-2.031<br /> |win_PAK=3 |loss_PAK=0 |nrr_PAK=0.843<br /> |win_SL=1 |loss_SL=2 |nrr_SL=-0.697<br /> <br /> |name_PAK={{cr|PAK}}<br /> |name_AUS={{cr|AUS}}<br /> |name_SL={{cr|SRI}}<br /> |name_BAN={{cr|BAN}}<br /> <br /> |col_Q=#cfc<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 16 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 123/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Tamim Iqbal]] 32 (40)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Brett Lee]] 3/27 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|AUS}}<br /> | score2 = 124/1 (13.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Matthew Hayden]] 73[[not out|*]] (48)<br /> | wickets2 =<br /> | result = Australia won by 9 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Australia vs Bangladesh|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Ian Howell]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Brett Lee]] (Aus)<br /> | toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Brett Lee]] took the first ever [[Hat-trick#Cricket|hat-trick]] in a T20I match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Sriram|last=Veera|title=Hayden and Lee power Australian win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/content/story/311208.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=16 September 2007|access-date=28 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 17 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}<br /> | score1 = 189/6 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Shoaib Malik]] 57 (31)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/43 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|SRI}}<br /> | score2 = 156/9 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Chamara Silva]] 38 (27)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Shahid Afridi]] 3/18 (4 overs)<br /> | result= Pakistan won by 33 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Pakistan vs Sri Lanka|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)<br /> | motm = [[Younis Khan]] (Pak)<br /> | toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 18 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}<br /> | score1 = 164/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Michael Hussey]] 37 (25)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Sohail Tanvir]] 3/31 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | score2 = 165/4 (19.1 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 66[[not out|*]] (42)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Stuart Clark]] 3/27 (4 overs)<br /> | result = Pakistan won by 6 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Australia vs Pakistan|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)<br /> | motm = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] (Pak)<br /> | toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 18 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}<br /> | score1 = 147/5 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Jehan Mubarak]] 31[[not out|*]] (19)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Mahmudullah]] 1/19 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|BAN}}<br /> | score2 = 83 (15.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Aftab Ahmed (Bangladeshi cricketer)|Aftab Ahmed]] 18 (11)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 2/4 (1.5 overs)<br /> | result= Sri Lanka won by 64 runs<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Bangladesh vs Sri Lanka|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Dilhara Fernando]] (SL)<br /> | toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = Pakistan qualified for the semi-finals as a result of this match.<br /> * Bangladesh were eliminated from the tournament.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 20 September | time = 10:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}<br /> | score1 = 101 (19.3 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Jehan Mubarak]] 28 (26)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Stuart Clark]] 4/20 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|AUS}}<br /> | score2 = 102/0 (10.2 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Matthew Hayden]] 58[[not out|*]] (38)<br /> | wickets2 = <br /> | result = Australia won by 10 wickets<br /> | report= [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Australia vs Sri Lanka|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Ian Howell]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Stuart Clark]] (Aus)<br /> | toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = Australia qualified for the semi-finals as a result of this match.<br /> * Sri Lanka was eliminated from the tournament.<br /> * This was the first time a team chased a total in the tournament with all 10 [[wicket]]s intact, making it the biggest margin of victory in terms of wickets.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 20 September | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 140 (19.4 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Junaid Siddique]] 71 (49)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Shoaib Malik]] 2/15 (2 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | score2 = 141/6 (19 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Shahid Afridi]] 39 (15)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Abdur Razzak (cricketer)|Abdur Razzak]] 2/16 (4 overs)<br /> | result= Pakistan won by 4 wickets<br /> | report = [[n:2007 ICC World Twenty20: Bangladesh vs Pakistan|(scorecard)]]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]<br /> | umpires = [[Ian Howell]] (SA) and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)<br /> | motm = [[Junaid Siddique]] (Ban)<br /> | toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Junaid Siddique]] (Ban) made his T20 debut.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Knockout stage==<br /> {{Round4<br /> &lt;!--Date-Place|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --&gt;<br /> &lt;!--semi-finals --&gt;<br /> |22 September – [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]| {{cr|NZ}}|143/8 (20 ov) | '''{{cr|PAK}}'''|'''{{nowrap|147/4 (18.5 ov)}}'''<br /> |22 September – [[Kingsmead cricket ground, Durban|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]]| '''{{cr|IND}}''' |'''188/5 (20 ov)'''| {{cr|AUS}}|173/7 (20 ov)<br /> &lt;!--final --&gt;<br /> |24 September – [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]|'''{{cr|IND}}'''|'''{{nowrap|157/5 (20 ov)}}'''|{{cr|PAK}}|152 (19.3 ov)|<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Semi-finals===<br /> <br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 22 September | time = 13:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}<br /> | score1 = 143/8 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Ross Taylor]] 37[[not out|*]] (23)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Umar Gul]] 3/15 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | score2 = 147/4 (18.5 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Imran Nazir (cricketer)|Imran Nazir]] 59 (41)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Scott Styris]] 1/14 (3 overs)<br /> | result = Pakistan won by 6 wickets<br /> | report = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/current/match/287877.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]]&lt;br /&gt;Attendance: 18,734<br /> | umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Umar Gul]] (Pak)<br /> | toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date = 22 September | time = 18:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 = 188/5 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 70 (30)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] 2/31 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|AUS}}<br /> | score2 = 173/7 (20 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Matthew Hayden]] 62 (47)<br /> | wickets2 = [[S. Sreesanth]] 2/12 (4 overs)<br /> | result= India won by 15 runs<br /> | report= [http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287878.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Kingsmead, Durban]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak)<br /> | motm = [[Yuvraj Singh]] (Ind)<br /> | toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===Final===<br /> {{main|2007 World Twenty20 final}}<br /> {{limited overs matches<br /> | date =24 September 2007<br /> | time = 14:00<br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br /> | score1 = 157/5 (20 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 75 (54)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Umar Gul]] 3/28 (4 overs)<br /> | team2 = {{cr|PAK}}<br /> | score2 = 152 (19.3 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 43 (38)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Irfan Pathan]] 3/16 (4 overs)<br /> | result = India won by 5 runs<br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287879.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]&lt;br /&gt;Attendance: 32,217<br /> | umpires = [[Mark Benson]] (Eng) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)<br /> | motm = [[Irfan Pathan]] (Ind)<br /> | toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | notes = [[Yusuf Pathan]] (Ind) made his T20I debut.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gdXpspIAJ3xqNuLwKF7boCk5SwXA|title=Arch rivals sight redemption in dream T20 final|publisher=AFP|date=23 September 2007|access-date=2007-09-25|quote=With fellow master-blasters Dhoni and Pakistan's Shahid Afridi both due to take the field at the batsman-friendly Wanderers here, a sell-out crowd on what is a bank holiday in South Africa can expect another run-fest.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114030149/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gdXpspIAJ3xqNuLwKF7boCk5SwXA|archive-date=14 November 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Umar Gul]] took the wickets of both [[Yuvraj Singh]] and [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs; only [[Gautam Gambhir]] (75 from 54 balls) produced a notable innings. A 21-run over from [[Shanthakumaran Sreesanth|Sreesanth]] swung the game towards Pakistan. However, [[Irfan Pathan]] (3/16), [[RP Singh]] (3/26) and [[Joginder Sharma]] (2/20) slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] hit 3 sixes off [[Harbhajan Singh]] in one over. [[Sreesanth]] was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of [[Sohail Tanvir]], as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, with only 1 wicket remaining. Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by a dot ball. Misbah followed by taking six off a full-toss; Pakistan needed just 6 runs to win from the last four balls. Misbah attempted to hit the next ball with a [[paddle-scoop]] over [[fine leg]], but he only managed to sky the ball, and it was caught at short fine-leg by Sreesanth, leaving Pakistan all out for 152 runs. [[Irfan Pathan]] was awarded the [[Man of the Match]] for his spell, which included 3 wickets for 16 runs.<br /> <br /> == Statistics ==<br /> {{Main|2007 ICC World Twenty20 records and statistics}}<br /> The leading run-scorer in the tournament was [[Matthew Hayden]], with 265 runs, and the highest wicket-taker [[Umar Gul]] with 13 wickets.<br /> The top-five in each category are:<br /> <br /> === Most runs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Player !! Matches !! Innings !! Runs !! [[Batting average (cricket)|Average]] !! SR !! HS !! 100 !! 50 !! 4s !! 6s<br /> |-<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#FFD700;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Hayden]]<br /> | 6 || 6 || '''265''' || 81.33 || 144.80 || 73* || 0 || 4 || 32 || 10<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gautam Gambhir]]<br /> | 7 || 6 || '''227''' || 37.83 || 129.71 || 75 || 0 || 3 || 27 || 5<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Misbah-ul-Haq]]<br /> | 7 || 7 || '''218''' || 54.50 || 139.74 || 66* || 0 ||2|| 18 || 9<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|PAK|2013}} [[Shoaib Malik]]<br /> | 7 || 7 || '''195''' || 39.00 || 126.62 || 57 || 0 || 2 || 15 || 5<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kevin Pietersen]]<br /> | 5 || 5 || '''178''' || 35.6 || 161.81 || 79 || 0 || 1 || 17 || 6<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;|Source: ''Cricinfo''&lt;ref name=&quot;mostruns&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=3115&amp;type=tournament| title=Records / ICC World T20, 2007 / Most runs | publisher=ESPNCricinfo |date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Most wickets ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Player !! Matches !! Innings !! Wickets !! Overs !! Econ. !! Ave. !! BBI !! S/R !! 4WI !! 5WI<br /> |-<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#FFD700;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Umar Gul]]<br /> | 7 || 7 || '''13''' || 27.4 || 5.60 || 11.92 || 4/25 || 12.7 || 1 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stuart Clark]]<br /> | 6 || 6 || '''12''' || 24 || 6.00 || 12.00 || 4/20 || 12.0 || 1 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} [[RP Singh]]<br /> | 7 || 6 || '''12''' || 24 || 6.33 || 12.66 || 4/13 || 12.0 || 1 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Shahid Afridi]]<br /> | 7 || 7 || '''12''' || 28 || 6.71 || 15.66 || 4/19 || 14.0 || 1 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{flagicon|NZ}} [[Daniel Vettori]]<br /> | 6 || 6 || '''11''' || 24 || 5.33 || 11.63 || 4/20 || 13.0 || 1 || 0<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;|Source: ''Cricinfo''&lt;ref name=&quot;mostwickets&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=3115&amp;type=tournament| title=Records / ICC World T20, 2007 / Most wickets | publisher=ESPNCricinfo |date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Media coverage==<br /> Coverage of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 was as follows:<br /> ;Television networks<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/espn-star-sports-announces-worldwide-broadcast-deals-for-icc-world-twenty20-27307.html|title=ESPN Star announces worldwide broadcast deals for world twenty20|date=18 August 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Africa — [[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|Supersport]] (Live)<br /> *Australia — [[Fox Sports Australia|Fox Sports]] (Live)<br /> *Australia — [[Nine Network]]<br /> *Bangladesh — [[Bangladesh Television]](In group stage 2 Bangladesh match only) (Live)<br /> *Canada — [[Asian Television Network]] (Live)<br /> *Caribbean – [[Caribbean Media Corporation]] (Live)<br /> *India — [[ESPN Star Sports|ESPN]] (Live) – English<br /> *India — [[STAR Cricket]] (Live) – [[Hindi]]<br /> *Jamaica – [[Television Jamaica]] (Live)<br /> *Middle East – [[Ten Sports]] (Live)<br /> *New Zealand — [[SKY Network Television]] (Live)<br /> *Pakistan — [[GEO Super]] (Live)<br /> *Pakistan – [[Pakistan Television Corporation]] (Live)<br /> *Sri Lanka — [[Sirasa TV|Sirasa Network]] (Live)<br /> *United Kingdom — [[Sky Sports]] (Live)<br /> *United States — [[DirecTV]] CricketTicket (Live)<br /> <br /> Radio Networks<br /> <br /> *Africa – All Jazz Radio<br /> *Australia – Australian live radio<br /> *Bangladesh – DhakaFM<br /> *Canada – CBC radio one<br /> *Caribbean; Radio airplay<br /> *India – All India Radio<br /> *Jamaica – Radio Jamaica Limited<br /> *Middle East – Top Fm radio<br /> *New Zealand – Radio pacific<br /> *Pakistan – Radio Pakistan<br /> *Sri Lanka – Radio Sri Lanka, Sinhala Radio Service<br /> *United Kingdom – BBC Radio 5 Live<br /> *United States – WHTZ-FM – Z-100<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071016060227/http://thetwenty20cup.co.uk/pages/twenty20_rules/twenty20_rules.htm Recent rule changes for Twenty20 Cricket.] Follow the link to download a .pdf file of ALL the rules<br /> {{wikinewscat|2007 Twenty20 World Championship}}<br /> *[http://www.worldtwenty20.com/ Official Website]<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Fan sites &amp; other unofficial sites beyond those already listed are not suitable for Bharatpedia, please read [[BP:SPAM]] and refrain from adding such links. Thank you. --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{International cricket in 2007-08}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:2007 Icc World Twenty20}}<br /> [[Category:2007 World Twenty20| ]]<br /> [[Category:2007 in South African cricket|ICC World Twenty20]]<br /> [[Category:International cricket competitions in 2007|Twenty20]]<br /> [[Category:International cricket competitions in South Africa|Cricket]]<br /> [[Category:September 2007 sports events in Africa|ICC World Twenty20]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaniwada_Hanuman_Temple&diff=508225 2026-04-29T15:28:53Z

<p>InstaNews: new...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Historic shrine located in Jalore, Rajasthan}}<br /> {{use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=October 2025}}{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Kaniwara Hanuman temple|native_name=|image= Kaniwada Hanuman Temple.jpg|native_name_lang=hi|deity=[[Hanuman]]|religious_affiliation=Hinduism|location=[[Jalore]]|state=Rajasthan|country=India|founded_by=|footnotes=}}<br /> '''Kaniwara Hanuman temple''' is an 800 year old temple in [[Jalore]], Rajasthan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=कानीवाड़ा का 800 साल पुराना चमत्कारी हनुमानजी मंदिर, जानिए किस दिन पूरी होती है मनोकामना |url=https://www.patrika.com/jalore-news/hanuman-mandir-800-years-miraculous-hanuman-ji-temple-in-kaniwara-rajasthan-8490434 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-02-08 |title=कानीवाड़ा का चमत्कारी मंदिर, जहां बिना छत के रहते हैं हनुमान भगवान |url=https://www.abplive.com/lifestyle/religion/rajasthan-jalore-kaniwada-hanuman-mandir-jalore-dalit-priests-get-worship-done-unique-temple-without-roof-2328991 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=800 साल पुराना है जालोर का यह हनुमान मंदिर, आस्था और चमत्कार का है संगम, सामाजिक एकता का भी है प्रतीक |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/jalore-kaniwada-hanuman-temple-is-800-years-old-confluence-of-faith-and-miracles-pm-modi-also-praised-social-unity-local18-9170844.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413033034/https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/jalore-kaniwada-hanuman-temple-is-800-years-old-confluence-of-faith-and-miracles-pm-modi-also-praised-social-unity-local18-9170844.html |archive-date=2025-04-13 |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=डीएनए हिंदी वेब |title=Hanuman Mandir Jalore: राजस्थान के इस हनुमान मंदिर की कभी नहीं बन सकी छत, जानें क्यों ? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/spiritual/report-jalore-kaniwada-hanuman-mandir-rajasthan-never-made-roof-know-reason-intresting-fact-4074779 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=DNA Hindi |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dharmendra |date=2023-08-04 |title=Jalore में कानीवाड़ा का चमत्कारी मंदिर, जहां बिना छत के रहते हैं हनुमान भगवान |url=https://aapkarajasthan.com/jalore/the-miraculous-temple-of-kaniwada-in-jalore-where-lord/cid11778743.htm |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=aapkarajasthan.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legend ==<br /> According to a local legend, the idol of [[Hanuman]] emerged from the earth during an excavation, hence it is also called Pataleshwar Hanumanji. The village was once known as Kani-Patal Nagar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hanuman Temple: यहां बिना छत के रहते हैं हनुमान, खौफनाक किस्से से जुड़ी है कथा {{!}} jalore hanuman temple story |url=https://www.herzindagi.com/hindi/society-culture/jalore-hanuman-temple-story-article-222804 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Herzindagi |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Jalore district]]<br /> [[Category:Temples of Jalore district]]<br /> [[Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Hanuman temples]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guhagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=501281 2026-04-24T05:10:32Z

<p>InstaNews: Started a post w/ infobox.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Guhagar<br /> | constituency_no = 264<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | map_image = 264-Guhagar.svg<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Raigad Lok Sabha constituency|Raigad]]<br /> | district = [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | mla = [[Bhaskar Jadhav]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}<br /> | electors =242,949 <br /> }}<br /> '''Guhagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Guhagar constituency is one of the five Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Ratnagiri district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=6 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=18 March 2010|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Before the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008, Guhagar was part of the [[Ratnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri Lok Sabha constituency]]. After the delimitation, it became part of the [[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Dapoli Assembly constituency|Dapoli]] in the Ratnagiri district and [[Pen Assembly constituency|Pen]], [[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]], [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan]] and [[Mahad Assembly constituency|Mahad]] in the [[Raigad district]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFB2B2&quot; | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Pawar Mahadeo Ramchandra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFB2B2&quot; | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Vilankar Dattatraya Yeshawant || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Purushottam Vasudeo Mandlik || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || M. S. Kesarkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shridhar Dattatray Natu || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Bendal Ramchandra Sadashiv || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shridhar Dattatray Natu || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Bhaskar Jadhav|Bhaskar Bhaurao Jadhav]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhaskar Jadhav|Bhaskar Bhaurao Jadhav]] |party = Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 71,241 |percentage = 47.40% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bendal Rajesh Ramchandra |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 68,411 |percentage = 45.52% |change = {{decrease}}10.47 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gandhi Pramod Sitaram |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 6,712 |percentage = 4.47% |change = {{increase}}2.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Sakharam Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,761 |percentage = 1.17% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,197 |percentage = 0.80% |change = {{decrease}}0.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pramod Parshuram Ambre |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 965 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,830 |percentage = 1.88% |change = {{decrease}}16.93 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 151,487 |percentage = 62.35% |change = {{increase}}2.90 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 150,290}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 242,949 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.07 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena (UBT) |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}8.59 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhaskar Jadhav|Bhaskar Bhaurao Jadhav]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 78,748 |percentage = 55.99% |change = {{increase}}34.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Betkar Sahadev Devji |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 52,297 |percentage = 37.18% |change = {{decrease}}11.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Vikas Yashwant |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,069 |percentage = 3.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganesh Arun Kadam |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,524 |percentage = 1.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,061 |percentage = 1.47% |change = {{increase}}0.34 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Umesh Uday Pawar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,009 |percentage = 1.43% |change = {{decrease}}0.34 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,451 |percentage = 18.81% |change = {{decrease}}2.98 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 142,913 |percentage = 59.45% |change = {{decrease}}7.09 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 140,647}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,386 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.17 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}7.75 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhaskar Jadhav|Bhaskar Bhaurao Jadhav]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 72,525 |percentage = 48.24% |change = {{increase}}10.87 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 39,761 |percentage = 26.45% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhosle Vijaykumar Ganpat |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 32,083 |percentage = 21.34% |change = {{decrease}}6.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sawant Sandip Shivram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,315 |percentage = 2.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gamare Suresh Mahadev |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,663 |percentage = 1.77% |change = {{increase}}0.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,693 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,764 |percentage = 21.79% |change = {{increase}}12.59 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 152,091 |percentage = 66.54% |change = {{decrease}}2.67 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 150,347}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228,577 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.30 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}10.87 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhaskar Jadhav|Bhaskar Bhaurao Jadhav]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 53,108 |percentage = 37.37% |change = {{increase}}6.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramdas Kadam|Ramdas Gangaram Kadam]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 40,032 |percentage = 28.17% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,606 |percentage = 20.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaibhav Sadanand Khedekar|party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 6,860 |percentage = 4.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Bhikaji Sawant|party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,785 |percentage = 2.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadanand Shantaram Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,543 |percentage = 1.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uday Arjun Pawar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,473 |percentage = 1.74% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrikant Shivram Kadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,732 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,076 |percentage = 9.20% |change = {{decrease}}18.82 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 142,143 |percentage = 69.21% |change = {{increase}}0.89 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 142,111}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,376 |ref = |change = {{increase}}39.47 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}21.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 59,119 |percentage = 58.77% |change = {{increase}}9.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandkishor Rajaram Pawar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 30,936 |percentage = 30.75% |change = {{decrease}}1.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. G. Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,243 |percentage = 7.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sakharam Laxman Pawar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,347 |percentage = 1.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. S. Kadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,322 |percentage = 1.31% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sachin Suresh Mahajan |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 630 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,183 |percentage = 28.02% |change = {{increase}}10.56 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 100,601 |percentage = 68.32% |change = {{increase}}6.29 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 100,597}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,250 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.17 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}9.36 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 38,861 |percentage = 49.41% |change = {{decrease}}9.22 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bait Chandrakant Dhondu |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 25,126 |percentage = 31.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pednekar Pralhad Dattaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,347 |percentage = 8.07% |change = {{decrease}}12.60 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Velhal Suchita Sushil |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,350 |percentage = 6.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kapadi Mahendra Alies Rajan Narayan |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,965 |percentage = 3.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,735 |percentage = 17.46% |change = {{decrease}}20.50 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 86,037 |percentage = 62.03% |change = {{decrease}}12.53 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 78,649}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,696 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.31 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.22 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Vinay Shridhar Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 57,789 |percentage = 58.63% |change = {{increase}}3.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Mohite Dayanand Bhaguram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,377 |percentage = 20.67% |change = {{decrease}}21.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghanekar Dhaku Bhagoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,711 |percentage = 11.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tatkare Sitaram Mahadev |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,606 |percentage = 4.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Mahendra (Sada) |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,076 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhakar Kelkar |party = Doordarshi Party |votes = 993 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hafizbhai Sarguroh |party = Janata Dal |votes = 847 |percentage = 0.86% |change = {{decrease}}0.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Anant Vithal |party = Independent politician |votes = 807 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,412 |percentage = 37.96% |change = {{increase}}24.91 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 102,068 |percentage = 74.56% |change = {{increase}}6.68 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 98,569}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,899 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.55 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.53 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar Dattatray Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,116 |percentage = 55.10% |change = {{increase}}8.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bendal Ramchandra Sadashiv |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,716 |percentage = 42.04% |change = {{increase}}32.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandusheth Ramchandra Tharwal |party = Janata Dal |votes = 1,597 |percentage = 1.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Patil |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 899 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,400 |percentage = 13.05% |change = {{decrease}}1.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 89,740 |percentage = 67.88% |change = {{increase}}8.09 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 87,328}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,200 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.59 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar Dattatray Natu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 30,338 |percentage = 46.86% |change = {{decrease}}0.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghanekar Dhaku Bhagoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,245 |percentage = 32.82% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. S. Kesarkar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,051 |percentage = 9.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhakar Balwant Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,363 |percentage = 6.74% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shekhason |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,962 |percentage = 3.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yadao Lalsa Sahadeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 779 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,093 |percentage = 14.05% |change = {{increase}}13.63 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 66,660 |percentage = 59.79% |change = {{increase}}5.00 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 64,738}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,481 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.47 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}1.35 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bendal Ramchandra Sadashiv |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,767 |percentage = 48.21% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Natu Dr. Shridhar Dattatray |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 25,541 |percentage = 47.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohite Arjun Dhondu |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,140 |percentage = 4.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 226 |percentage = 0.42% |change = {{decrease}}31.97 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 55,290 |percentage = 54.79% |change = {{decrease}}10.95 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 53,448}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,916 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.29 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}17.98 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar Dattatray Natu |party = Janata Party |votes = 40,320 |percentage = 66.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nikam Govind Shivajirao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,592 |percentage = 33.81% |change = {{decrease}}9.46 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,728 |percentage = 32.39% |change = {{increase}}27.43 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 64,233 |percentage = 65.74% |change = {{increase}}4.89 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 60,912}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,701 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.66 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing = {{increase}}17.96 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar Dattatray Natu |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 22,145 |percentage = 48.23% |change = {{increase}}12.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra S. Bendal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,866 |percentage = 43.27% |change = {{increase}}0.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganesh Babaji Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,054 |percentage = 6.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantaram Sonu Solakar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 852 |percentage = 1.86% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,279 |percentage = 4.96% |change = {{decrease}}1.63 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 48,868 |percentage = 60.85% |change = {{decrease}}2.31 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 45,917}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,309 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.49 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.77 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. S. Kesarkar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,484 |percentage = 42.46% |change = {{increase}}11.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. R. Asar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 15,614 |percentage = 35.86% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. S. Kadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,763 |percentage = 10.94% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. V. Jogalekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,113 |percentage = 7.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. M. Kumbhar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,563 |percentage = 3.59% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,870 |percentage = 6.59% |change = {{increase}}3.93 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 48,082 |percentage = 63.16% |change = {{increase}}11.46 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 43,537}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,130 |ref = |change = {{increase}}37.28 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{increase}}8.42 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Purushottam Vasudeo Mandlik |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 8,232 |percentage = 34.04% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kesarkar Mahadeo Soma |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,590 |percentage = 31.39% |change = {{increase}}6.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra Gopal Mahajan |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 6,079 |percentage = 25.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Mahadeo Dingankar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,279 |percentage = 9.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 642 |percentage = 2.66% |change = {{decrease}}47.64 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 28,667 |percentage = 51.70% |change = {{increase}}10.79 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 24,180}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,454 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.23 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing = {{decrease}}41.11 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vilankar Dattatraya Yeshawant |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 17,260 |percentage = 75.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kesarkar Mahadeo Soma |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,707 |percentage = 24.85% |change = {{decrease}}10.08 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,553 |percentage = 50.30% |change = {{increase}}36.35 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 22,967 |percentage = 40.91% |change = {{increase}}6.60 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 22,967}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,145 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.87 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}40.22 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Guhagar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Mahadeo Ramchandra |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,296 |percentage = 34.93% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vilankar Yeshwant Bhikaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,781 |percentage = 20.98% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kangutkar Dasharath Tatyaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,688 |percentage = 14.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Vishram Shivram |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 2,392 |percentage = 13.27% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shirke Balkrishna Ganpat |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,110 |percentage = 6.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Surve Gopal Kashinath |party = Independent politician |votes = 762 |percentage = 4.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Anant Ambaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 548 |percentage = 3.04% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhosle Rajaram Gharu |party = Independent politician |votes = 448 |percentage = 2.49% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,515 |percentage = 13.95% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 18,025 |percentage = 34.31% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 18,025}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,536 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Guhagar]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Ratnagiri district topics}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|17|28|57.09|N|73|10|24.34|E|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Ratnagiri district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhimtal_Assembly_constituency&diff=491180 2026-04-19T19:39:35Z

<p>InstaNews: New Info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Bhimtal<br /> | latest_election_year = 2022<br /> | mla = [[Ram Singh Kaira]]<br /> | party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br /> | state = Uttarakhand<br /> | district = [[Nainital district|Nainital]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:100634}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ceouk&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2027|03}}<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 57<br /> | map_image = Bhimtal Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bhimtal Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/Constituencies_Division_Wise-1.pdf |title=Uttarakhand Assembly constituencies |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Nainital district|Nainital]] district.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Dan Singh Bhandari]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan=2 | [[Ram Singh Kaira]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhimtal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ram Singh Kaira]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,632 |percentage=38.69% |change={{increase}}13.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dan Singh Bhandari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,788 |percentage=23.83% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakhan Singh Negi |party=Independent politician |votes=12,508 |percentage=18.88% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoj Sah |party=Independent politician |votes=5,272 |percentage=7.96% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harish Chandra Joshi |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=1,797 |percentage=2.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prakash Chandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,662 |percentage=2.51% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhuwan Chandra Arya |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=975 |percentage=1.47% |change={{decrease}}12.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar Pandey |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=874 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=799 |percentage=1.21% |change={{decrease}}0.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=549 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Chander Arya |party=Independent politician |votes=399 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,844 |percentage=14.86% |change= {{increase}}9.24 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=66,255 |percentage=65.29% |change= {{increase}}1.81 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,482 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.96 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.93 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhimtal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ram Singh Kaira]] |party=Independent politician |votes=18,878 |percentage=30.76% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Govind Singh Bisht]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,432 |percentage=25.14% |change={{decrease}}12.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dan Singh Bhandari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,702 |percentage=23.96% |change={{decrease}}1.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Datt Pandey |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,444 |percentage=13.76% |change={{decrease}}12.70 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=963 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govind Singh Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=703 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suhail Ahmad |party=Independent politician |votes=614 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Pathak |party=Lok Shahi Party (Secular) |votes=460 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishnanand Kandpal |party=Independent politician |votes=402 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=357 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,446 |percentage=5.61% |change= {{decrease}}5.71 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=61,373 |percentage=63.48% |change= {{decrease}}1.99 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,683 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.26 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.02 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhimtal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dan Singh Bhandari]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,494 |percentage=37.78% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Pal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=15,051 |percentage=26.46% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ram Singh Kaira]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,452 |percentage=25.40% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Suresh Singh Negi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,733 |percentage=3.05% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kailash Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=920 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh Mehra |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=829 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naveen Chandra Bahuguna |party=Uttarakhand Parivartan Party |votes=605 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Chandra |party=Independent politician |votes=485 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmala Joshi |party=Independent politician |votes=472 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Kumar Pant |party=Independent politician |votes=369 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,443 |percentage=11.32% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=56,892 |percentage=65.47% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,901 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Mukteshwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|29.35|79.55|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Nainital district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:2012 establishments in Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._W._Jesudoss&diff=495181 2026-04-19T17:34:15Z

<p>InstaNews: Started initial details w/ refs.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian university administrator (1939–2024)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox clergy<br /> | child = <br /> | honorific_prefix = The Reverend<br /> | name = Devasahayam William Jesudoss, TELC&lt;ref&gt;Niels-Peter Moritzen, ''Mission in Erlangen: zur Vorgeschichte des Lehrstuhls für Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg'', 1998, p.23. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_CIRAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Devasahayam+William+Jesudoss]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | honorific_suffix ={{underline|'''Spiritual Formator/*Principal'''}}:&lt;br&gt;→Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute,&lt;br&gt;Chennai {{small|(1985-2004/*1985-86 &amp; *1988-97)}}&lt;br&gt;→Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary,&lt;br&gt;Madurai {{small|(1973-78, 1983-85)}}&lt;br&gt;{{underline|'''Parish Priest'''}}:&lt;br&gt;TELC Churches in Arulpuram {{small|(1966)}},&lt;br&gt;Coimbatore {{small|(1967)}} and Tiruchirappalli {{small|(1968)}}<br /> | image = &lt;!-- filename only, no &quot;File:&quot; or &quot;Image:&quot; prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;<br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | citizenship = &lt;!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --&gt;<br /> | pronunciation = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|10|13}}, Madras Presidency<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | burial_place = <br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|4|10|1939|10|13}}, Tamil Nadu<br /> | death_place = <br /> | death_cause = &lt;!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--&gt;<br /> | other_names = <br /> | years_active = 1966-2024<br /> | occupation = Priesthood<br /> | education = B.A. (Madras),&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiwale&quot;/&gt; B.D.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiwale&quot;/&gt; &amp; M.Th. (Serampore), Dr.Theol. (Erlangen)<br /> | alma_mater = Scott Christian College, {{underline|Nagercoil}}; Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, {{underline|Madras}}; United Theological College, {{underline|Bangalore}}; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, {{underline|Erlangen}}<br /> | known_for = Parish care &amp; priestly formation<br /> | spouse = &lt;!-- Use article title or common name --&gt;<br /> | partner = &lt;!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --&gt;<br /> | parents = Smt. Jayaseeli and&lt;br&gt;Sri D. Devasagayam<br /> | children = The Rev. Santhosh Sahayadoss<br /> | relatives = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | signature = <br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | nocat_wdimage = <br /> | religion = <br /> | church = Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church (TELC)&lt;ref&gt;'' The Uppsala report 1968: the official report of the Fourth Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Uppsala July 4–20, 1968'', World Council of Churches, 1968, p.422. [https://books.google.com/books?id=qclHAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=jesudoss]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | ordained ={{start date|1966|7|9}}<br /> | laicised = <br /> | writings = <br /> | congregations = <br /> | offices_held = <br /> | title = <br /> | module = <br /> }}<br /> {{Portal|Christianity}}<br /> '''D. W. Jesudoss''' (13 October 1939 – 10 April 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Staff View: Jesudoss, D. W. 1939-2024 :: IxTheo |url=https://ixtheo.de/AuthorityRecord/1889738182 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=ixtheo.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;) was the Principal during the years' 1985-1986 and 1988-1997 at [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], [[Chennai]], affiliated to the nation's first&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001790/179035eb.pdf UNESCO Structures of University Education in India, 1952]&lt;/ref&gt; University, the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]].<br /> <br /> ==Studies==<br /> ===Graduate===<br /> Jesudoss graduated from the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], [[Madras]] in 1965&lt;ref&gt;''Reports 1964-1965: Report by the President of the Senate for the year 1965'', (List of candidates who are qualified to receive the Degree and Diplomas in 1965 Examination: B.D. Degree) [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]], 1965, p.13.&lt;/ref&gt; earning a [[Bachelor of Divinity]] degree conferred by the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]].<br /> <br /> ===Postgraduate===<br /> Jesudoss enrolled for a postgraduate degree at the [[United Theological College, Bangalore]] from 1970-1971,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiwale&quot;&gt;K. M. Hiwale (Compiled), ''Directory of the United Theological College 1910-1997'', Bangalore, 1997. Postgraduate course, p.107.&lt;/ref&gt; affiliated to the nation's first&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;/&gt; University, the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], under the Principalship of [[Joshua Russell Chandran]], studying together&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiwale&quot;/&gt; with [[Regunta Yesurathnam|R. Yesurathnam]], where he obtained a [[Master of Theology]] and working out a dissertation entitled ''A study of Luther's concept of the bondage of the will and its relevance for the interpretation of man in India today''&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''A study of Luther's concept of the bondage of the will and its relevance for the interpretation of man in India today'' in ''Thesis Titles'', [[Board of Theological Education of the Senate of Serampore College]], Bangalore, 1991&lt;/ref&gt; and later awarded a degree by the University under the Registrarship of [[Chetti Devasahayam]].<br /> <br /> ===Doctoral===<br /> For further research studies, Jesudoss went to the [[University of Erlangen]] where he submitted a dissertation in 1986 entitled ''What is man?: theological attempts and directions towards the formation of an Indian Christian anthropology for today''&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''What is man?: theological attempts and directions towards the formation of an Indian Christian anthropology for today''. HathiTrust Catalogue. [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001086424]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Writings==<br /> * 1984, ''Das Menschenbild in der Bhagavadgita und der Bibel'' (in [[German language|German]]),&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''Das Menschenbild in der Bhagavadgita und der Bibel'' in ''Indien wartet, Hildesheim'', ELM, 1984, pp. 94-112. Cited in '' Estudos Teológicos'', Volume 30, 1990. [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1985, ''Stärke und Nutzen der Kultur'' (in [[German language|German]]),&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''Stärke und Nutzen der Kultur'' in ''Zeitschrift für Mission'',(3):151-155, 1985. Cited in '' Estudos Teológicos'', Volume 30, 1990. [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1986, ''What is man?: theological attempts and directions towards the formation of an Indian Christian anthropology for today'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''What is man?: theological attempts and directions towards the formation of an Indian Christian anthropology for today'', Gurukul, Chennai, 1986. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16085587]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1987, ''Towards a bold theological vision: souvenir released on the occasion of the diamond jubilee celebrations'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss (Edited), ''Towards a bold theological vision: souvenir released on the occasion of the diamond jubilee celebrations'', Gurukul, Chennai, 1987. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/221557445]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1987, ''Reflections on the Paper Presented by Dr. Daniel Chetti on ‘Luther’s Doctrine of the Church’'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''Reflections on the Paper Presented by Dr. Daniel Chetti on ‘Luther’s Doctrine of the Church’'', Gurukul Perspective, 28,16, abr. 1987. Cited in '' Estudos Teológicos'', Volume 30, 1990. [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1988, ''Luther’s Concept of the Two Kingdoms'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''Luther’s Concept of the Two Kingdoms'', Gurukul Perspective, 29, llss., jan.-mar. 1988. Cited in '' Estudos Teológicos'', Volume 30, 1990. [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1988, ''The Rise and Growth of Dalit Movement; an Offshoot or Solution to the Age-Old Caste Problem of India'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''The Rise and Growth of Dalit Movement; an Offshoot or Solution to the Age-Old Caste Problem of India'', in ''Mission — erfahren, gepredigt, reflektiert; Prof. Dr. Niels Peter Moritzen zum 60. Geburtstag'', Erlangen, ELM, 1988, pp. 226—38. Cited in '' Estudos Teológicos'', Volume 30, 1990. [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1989, ''Violence, non-violence'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21518044 D. W. Jesudoss, ''Violence, non-violence'', Gurukul, Chennai, 1989]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1989, ''The Concept of the Church. A Lutheran Perspective'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''The Concept of the Church. A Lutheran Perspective'' in ''Jeevadhara'', Volume 4, 1989, p.267. Cited by Senftleben Martin in ''Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in India'', an unpublished Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Sri Venkateshwara University, 1992, p.237. [http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis2.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131418/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis2.pdf|date=9 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1990, ''Justificação pela Fé e Missão num Contexto Multirreligioso e Multicultural'' (in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]])&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''Justificação pela Fé e Missão num Contexto Multirreligioso e Multicultural'', [http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/viewFile/891/864]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2008, ''The Present Scenario of Christians vis-a-vis People of Other Faiths in India'',&lt;ref&gt;D. W. Jesudoss, ''The Present Scenario of Christians vis-a-vis People of Other Faiths in India'' in Andrea König (Edited), ''Christian Existence in a Predominantly Non-Christian Environment: The Situation, Initiative, and Perspectives for the Future'', Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, 2008.[http://www.peterlang.com/download/datasheet/54879/datasheet_58300.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305200615/http://www.peterlang.com/download/datasheet/54879/datasheet_58300.pdf|date=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> During his Career (1966-2024), he was Parish Priest of TELC Churches in Arulpuram {{small|(1966)}}, Coimbatore {{small|(1967)}} and Tiruchirappalli {{small|(1968)}} and Spiritual Formator at Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary, Madurai {{small|(1973-78, 1983-85)}} and at Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, Chennai {{small|(1985-2004)}}.<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> In 1999, Samuel W. Meshack, then a member of faculty at the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], [[Chennai]] edited a festschrift in honour of Jesudoss marking the completion of his sixtieth year. The festschrift was entitled ''Building God's Kingdom on Earth, Writings in Honour of D.W. Jesudoss on His Shastiapthapoorthi''.&lt;ref&gt;Samuel W. Meshack (Edited), ''Building God's Kingdom on Earth, Writings in Honour of D.W. Jesudoss on His Shastiapthapoorthi'', Gurukul, Chennai, 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IVj5GgAACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-aca}}<br /> {{Succession box<br /> | before=M. Bage, GELC and&lt;br&gt;[[R. R. Sundara Rao]], AELC| title=Principal, &lt;br /&gt;[[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]] and Research Institute,&lt;br /&gt; [[Chennai]]|after=[[M. M. Chacko|Mani Chacko]], CSI&lt;br /&gt;2001-2006| years=1985-86 and 1988-97}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> ;Further reading<br /> * {{cite journal<br /> | author=Naaman Laiser<br /> | title=Reação à Palestra de D. W. Jesudoss<br /> | journal=Estudos Teológicos<br /> | year=1990<br /> | volume=30<br /> | issue=<br /> | url =http://periodicos.est.edu.br/index.php/estudos_teologicos/article/view/892/865<br /> | issn=2237-6461<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite journal<br /> | author=L. E. Sahanam<br /> | title=Did you Preach Jesus Christ: The Christological Focus in the Writings of Joshua Russell Chandran<br /> | year=1997<br /> | volume=39<br /> | issue=2<br /> | url =http://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/39-2_043.pdf<br /> | issn=<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | author=Michael Welker (Edited)<br /> | title=The Depth of the Human Person: A Multidisciplinary Approach<br /> | year=2014<br /> | volume=<br /> | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=MXSNAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=jesudoss&amp;pg=PA240<br /> | isbn=978-0-8028-6979-1<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ;Notes<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jesudoss, D. W.}}<br /> [[Category:University of Erlangen–Nuremberg alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]<br /> [[Category:1939 births]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian lecturers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Lutheran theologians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University)]]<br /> [[Category:2024 deaths]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gulbarga_Assembly_constituency&diff=501357 2026-04-14T03:23:09Z

<p>InstaNews: Started first post first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Gulbarga<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | district = [[Gulbarga district|Gulbarga]]<br /> | division = [[Gulbarga division|Gulbarga]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]]<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | abolished = 2008<br /> | mla = <br /> | party = <br /> | alliance = <br /> | latest_election_year = <br /> | electors = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gulbarga Assembly constituency''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#BB8ED0&quot; | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mohd. Ali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Gangadhar Namoshi || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[Qamar ul Islam]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | S. K. Kanta || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Qamar ul Islam]] || {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National League}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 elections in India#Karnataka|1996 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 27/05/1996}} || Kaiser Mahmood Maniyar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Qamar ul Islam]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Chandrashekar D. Patil Revoor || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar D. Patil Revoor |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 78,845 |percentage = 48.59% |change = {{increase}}7.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,645 |percentage = 46.00% |change = {{decrease}}2.84 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd Fahmeed Khan |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,728 |percentage = 1.68% |change = {{decrease}}0.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Khurshied Hussain |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,646 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sabir Ghowri |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,106 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,200 |percentage = 2.59% |change = {{decrease}}4.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 162,438 |percentage = 60.78% |change = {{decrease}}1.10 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 162,267}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 267,245 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.13 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.25 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 79,225 |percentage = 48.84% |change = {{increase}}45.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar D. Patil Revoor |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,446 |percentage = 41.58% |change = {{increase}}22.87 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 11,704 |percentage = 7.22% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashfaq Chulbul |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,317 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,779 |percentage = 7.26% |change = {{increase}}1.52 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 165,583 |percentage = 61.88% |change = {{increase}}9.49 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 162,197}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 3,222 |percentage = 1.95% |change = {{increase}}0.96 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 267,585 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.96 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}10.08 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly By-election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1996 elections in India#Karnataka|1996 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeNov1996/index.htm |title=Bye Elections - 1996 - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kaiser Mahmood Maniyar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 48,923 |percentage = 38.76% |change = {{increase}}21.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 41,684 |percentage = 33.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somashekhar. C. Devani |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 23,610 |percentage = 18.71% |change = {{decrease}}12.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. H. Katti |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,627 |percentage = 5.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. B. Patil Okaly |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,769 |percentage = 3.78% |change = {{decrease}}1.33 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,239 |percentage = 5.74% |change = {{decrease}}7.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 127,481 |percentage = 52.39% |change = {{decrease}}9.49 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 126,219}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,262 |percentage = 0.99% |change = {{decrease}}1.16 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 243,343 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.32 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National League |swing = {{decrease}}5.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = Indian National League |votes = 58,719 |percentage = 44.37% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shashil. G. Namoshi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 40,829 |percentage = 30.85% |change = {{increase}}27.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Janata Dal |votes = 23,229 |percentage = 17.55% |change = {{decrease}}22.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ustad Sadat Hussain |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,762 |percentage = 5.11% |change = {{decrease}}4.69 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,890 |percentage = 13.52% |change = {{increase}}9.96 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 135,265 |percentage = 61.88% |change = {{decrease}}7.01 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 132,351}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 2,914 |percentage = 2.15% |change = {{decrease}}2.92 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,601 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.55 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National League |loser = All-India Muslim League |swing = {{increase}}1.22 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = All-India Muslim League |votes = 55,801 |percentage = 43.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Janata Dal |votes = 51,204 |percentage = 39.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. Azeem |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,675 |percentage = 9.80% |change = {{decrease}}3.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Shankar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,758 |percentage = 3.68% |change = {{increase}}1.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. K. Niggudagi |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,624 |percentage = 2.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,597 |percentage = 3.56% |change = {{increase}}2.40 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 136,222 |percentage = 68.89% |change = {{increase}}1.96 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 129,310}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 6,912 |percentage = 5.07% |change = {{increase}}3.58 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,745 |ref = |change = {{increase}}46.56 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = All-India Muslim League |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.75 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Janata Party |votes = 36,828 |percentage = 41.40% |change = {{increase}}4.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 35,794 |percentage = 40.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Abdul Qadar Saradgi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,551 |percentage = 12.98% |change = {{decrease}}3.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhammurkar Manohar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,777 |percentage = 2.00% |change = {{decrease}}4.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Timmaji |party = Lokdal |votes = 1,069 |percentage = 1.20% |change = {{decrease}}2.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Rao Kodla |party = Independent politician |votes = 618 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,034 |percentage = 1.16% |change = {{decrease}}1.71 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 90,309 |percentage = 66.93% |change = {{increase}}3.10 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 88,961}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,348 |percentage = 1.49% |change = {{decrease}}1.05 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 134,928 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.08 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Kanta |party = Janata Party |votes = 25,503 |percentage = 36.79% |change = {{increase}}5.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Quamarul Islam Noorul Islam |party = Independent politician |votes = 23,515 |percentage = 33.92% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadat Hussain Shaik Hussain |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,278 |percentage = 16.27% |change = {{increase}}12.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anant Sharma Jaitithacharya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,527 |percentage = 6.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanganna Halkai |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,736 |percentage = 3.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gundappa Revappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 820 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,988 |percentage = 2.87% |change = {{increase}}1.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 71,129 |percentage = 63.83% |change = {{increase}}2.95 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 69,319}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,810 |percentage = 2.54% |change = {{decrease}}0.05 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,441 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.39 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}3.99 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Qamar ul Islam]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 18,005 |percentage = 32.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ustad Sadat Hussain |party = Janata Party |votes = 17,242 |percentage = 31.41% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Iqbal Ahmed Saradgi |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,476 |percentage = 22.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Namoshi |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,527 |percentage = 6.42% |change = {{decrease}}12.41 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,002 |percentage = 3.65% |change = {{decrease}}44.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharangouda Inamdar |party = Independent politician |votes = 627 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paswaraj. S. Kattimani |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 625 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 763 |percentage = 1.39% |change = {{decrease}}21.89 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 56,356 |percentage = 60.88% |change = {{decrease}}0.57 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 54,899}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,457 |percentage = 2.59% |change = {{increase}}2.59 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,567 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.90 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.17 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,657 |percentage = 47.97% |change = {{decrease}}5.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Sharma Jaitirthachary |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 11,663 |percentage = 24.70% |change = {{increase}}18.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Namoshi |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 8,892 |percentage = 18.83% |change = {{decrease}}21.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shamsunder. B. Manikam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,382 |percentage = 5.04% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd. Khurshid Khan |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 724 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. P. Deulgoankar |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 674 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,994 |percentage = 23.28% |change = {{increase}}9.19 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 48,659 |percentage = 61.45% |change = {{increase}}9.58 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 47,228}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,184 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.72 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.99 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,694 |percentage = 53.96% |change = {{increase}}12.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Basappa Namoshi |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 13,075 |percentage = 39.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shivalingayya |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,024 |percentage = 6.17% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,619 |percentage = 14.09% |change = {{increase}}1.66 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 34,594 |percentage = 51.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 32,793}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,698 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.27 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{increase}}0.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Namoshi |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 14,208 |percentage = 53.72% |change = {{increase}}28.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,920 |percentage = 41.29% |change = {{decrease}}3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malleshayya Swamy Shivalingayya |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,003 |percentage = 3.79% |change = {{decrease}}7.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Viranna Chanamallappa |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 318 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,288 |percentage = 12.43% |change = {{decrease}}6.73 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 27,617 |percentage = 52.28% |change = {{increase}}10.09 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 26,449}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,823 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.73 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.89 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,864 |percentage = 44.83% |change = {{decrease}}13.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadhar Basappa Namoshi |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,075 |percentage = 25.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohamed Abdur Raheem Saheb Maqdoom Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,563 |percentage = 18.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatrao Pandurangrao |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,270 |percentage = 11.48% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,789 |percentage = 19.16% |change = {{decrease}}14.05 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 19,772 |percentage = 42.19% |change = {{increase}}9.57 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 19,772}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,860 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.62 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.49 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gulbarga &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd. Ali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,772 |percentage = 58.32% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadasivappa |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 3,777 |percentage = 25.11% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantappa Sangappa Herur |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 2,611 |percentage = 17.36% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattarya Prasad |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,740 |percentage = 11.57% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hannulal Harisingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 439 |percentage = 2.92% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Manik Killy |party = HMS |votes = 314 |percentage = 2.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,995 |percentage = 33.21% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 15,042 |percentage = 32.62% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 15,042}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,114 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> {{Coords|17.33|76.83|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Kalaburagi]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Kalaburagi district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roopchand_Pakshi&diff=530881 2026-04-06T01:20:30Z

<p>InstaNews: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bengali poet, singer and composer (1815–c.1890)}}<br /> {{Notability|1=Biographies|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Roopchand Pakshi<br /> | native_name = Roopchand Das Mahapatra<br /> | birth_date = {{circa}} 1815<br /> | birth_place = [[Odisha]], India<br /> | death_date = {{circa}} 1890 (aged 74–75)<br /> | death_place = [[Calcutta]], India<br /> | education = [[Hare School]], Kolkata<br /> | occupation = Poet, singer, composer, satirist<br /> | notable_works = ''Sangeet Rasakallol''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Roopchand Pakshi''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: রূপচাঁদ পক্ষী; {{circa}} 1815 – {{circa}} 1890) was a Bengali poet, singer, composer, satirist, and performer of ''[[Panchali (narrative form)|panchali]]'', ''[[Tappa|tappā]]'', and ''[[Dhap kirtan|dhap]]''{{Clarify|date=January 2026|What is it?}} songs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rupchand Pakshi|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rupchand_Pakshi |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Nabaparna |title=A Hygienic City-Nation: Space, Community, and Everyday Life in Colonial Calcutta |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108489898 |publication-date=October 29, 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=In conversation with Prof. Kunal Chakrabarti on Sriramapa(c)alī |url=http://www.sahapedia.org/conversation-prof-kunal-chakrabarti-sriramapacal%C4%AB |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=The 'Songhs' of Old Calcutta were not just mere entertainers, but also social commentators |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/the-songhs-of-old-calcutta-were-not-just-mere-entertainers-but-also-social-commentators |website=GetBengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Samsad Bangla Sahitya Sangi |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |year=2003 |isbn=9788179550076 |editor-last=Das |editor-first=Sisir Kumar |edition=1st |language=bn |trans-title=Samsad Companion to Bengali Literature}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Dynamics of Dissent: Theorizing Movements for Inclusive Futures |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |editor-last=Clammer |editor-first=John |publication-date=July 26, 2019 |language=en |editor-last2=Bussey |editor-first2=Marcus |editor-last3=Chakravorty |editor-first3=Meera |editor-last4=Banerjee |editor-first4=Tanmayee}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |first= |title=Journal of the Indian Musicological Society |publisher=A.R. Mehta for the Indian Musicological Society |year=1986 |volume=17-18 |pages=34 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Roopchand Pakshi was born Roopchand Das Mahapatra ([[Odia language|Odia]]: ରୂପଚାନ୍ଦ ଦାସ ମହାପାତ୍ର) in 1815 to Gourhori Das Mahapatra. His ancestral home was situated near [[Chilika Lake]] in what is now [[Odisha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The family migrated from Odisha to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) during Pakshi's early years;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Long |first=James |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/58875.pdf |title=Calcutta and Its Neighbourhood: History of People and Localities from 1690 to 1857 |publisher=Indian Publications, Calcutta |editor-last=Sen Gupta |editor-first=Sankar |publication-date=June 1974 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he grew up and spent the rest of his life in the city. He studied at the [[Hare School]] at [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]]. He trained under local music teachers, such as Golam Abbas Tabalchi, Chhotey Miah, and Ramchandra Banerjee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Musical and literary contributions ==<br /> Pakshi's musical and literary output frequently included satirical narratives and social commentary. He composed songs on a wide array of subjects. He routinely sang about contemporary topics, including the introduction of the railways, widow marriage, ''[[Kanyadana|kanyādāna]]'', and other things.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=মানুষ হয়েও তাঁরা ছিলেন পাখি! পুরনো কলকাতার রূপচাঁদ পক্ষী ও তাঁর দলের কথা জানেন? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/event/memoirs-of-famous-song-writer-and-singer-rupchad-pakkhi/ |website=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lahiri |first=Durgadas |title=বাঙ্গালীর গান |year=1905 |language=bn |trans-title=Bengali Songs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dutta |first=Utpal |title=Girish Chandra Ghosh |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1992 |isbn=9788172011970 |pages=9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Outside of his ''panchali'', ''tappā'', ''dhap,'' and ''[[baul]]'' compositions, Pakshi also performed [[Devotional song|devotional music]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Subodh Chandra |title=সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান |publisher=Samsad – Shiksha Sahitya Kendra Limited |year=1960 |editor-last=Basu |editor-first=Anjali |language=bn |trans-title=Samsad Bengali Biographical Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt; He called himself ''pakshi'', literally meaning 'bird' in Bengali. He formed a troupe of performers called ''Pakshir Dal'' ({{literal translation}} 'association of birds'), and was colloquially known as the &quot;bird king.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Retrieving Bengal's Past: Society and Culture in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century |publisher=[[Rabindra Bharati University]] |year=1995 |isbn=9788186438039 |editor-last=Roy |editor-first=Ranjit Kumar |pages=23 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pakshi and his group were ''ganjika'' drinkers; [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] was central to their craft and identity.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Pakshi was also noted for often combining Bengali and English in some of his compositions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Pika |title=Making Kantha, Making Home: Women at Work in Colonial Bengal |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=9780295747002 |editor-last=Sivaramakrishnan |editor-first=K. |publication-date=July 15, 2020 |language=en |editor-last2=Kaimal |editor-first2=Padma}}&lt;/ref&gt; An oft-cited lyric from a song of his in praise of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]] goes:&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;poem style=&quot;float:left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;<br /> ''Let me go, o he dvārī''<br /> ''I visit to vaṃśīdhārī''&lt;/poem&gt;<br /> &lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em; float:left;&quot;&gt;<br /> (all English)<br /> [Let me go, O gatekeeper<br /> I'm going to visit the flute-bearer &lt;small&gt;(Krishna)&lt;/small&gt;]&lt;/poem&gt;{{clear|left}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Pakshi died in around 1890.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sarkar |first=Kamala |title=Middle Class Bengali Flaunts and Despairs his Colonial Self: A Dilemma in Nineteenth Century Bengali Mind |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=206-217 |via=JSTOR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notable works ==<br /> * ''Sangeet Rasakallol (A Wave of Musical Delight)''<br /> * ''Kalikātā Barnan'' ''(A Description of Calcutta)''<br /> * ''Helay Hāy Jāy'' ''(The Day Slips by Casually)''<br /> * ''Kāṭāli Kāl Hoyē Nākāl'' ''(Broken and Ruined by Time)''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pakshi, Roopchand}}<br /> [[Category:1815 births]]<br /> [[Category:1890 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Hare School alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali poets]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_re:_Waqf_(Amendment)_Act_2025&diff=503804 2026-04-05T07:41:34Z

<p>InstaNews: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}<br /> {{Infobox court case<br /> | name = <br /> | court = [[Supreme Court of India]]<br /> | start date = 16 April 2025<br /> | image = Emblem of the Supreme Court of India 2025.svg<br /> | full name = In re: Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025; Asaduddin Owaisi v. Union of India<br /> | citations = 2025 INSC 1116<br /> | prior_actions = <br /> | subsequent_actions = <br /> | holding = Partial stay of the Act<br /> | judges = [[B. R. Gavai]]; [[Augustine George Masih]]<br /> | keywords = Waqf Act, constitutional law, freedom of religion, Article 25, Article 26<br /> | docket = {{Abbr|W.P.|Writ Petition}} (C) No. 269/2025<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''In re: Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025''''' (2025 INSC 1116)'','' is a collection of petitions heard by the [[Supreme Court of India]] considering the constitutional validity of the [[Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]]. [[Waqf]] is an [[Alienation (property law)|inalienable]] charitable [[Financial endowment|endowment]] in [[Islamic law]], which is administered in India through a legal framework established in The Waqf Act of 1995 and its 2013 amendments. On August 5, 2025, the [[Government of India]] introduced a bill&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2024/sep/doc2024913394001.pdf |website=pib.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; to repeal Mussalman Wakf Act, 1923 and amend the Waqf Act, 1995&lt;ref name=&quot;k670&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Government introduces bill to repeal Mussalman Wakf Act, 1923 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/government-introduces-bill-to-repeal-mussalman-wakf-act-192320240808183415/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=ANI News}}&lt;/ref&gt; as a reform aimed at improving &quot;the efficiency of the administration and management of Waqf properties.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhaumik |first=Aaratrika |date=2025-04-05 |title=Will the Waqf law usher in transparency? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/will-the-waqf-law-usher-in-transparency/article69417655.ece |access-date=2025-09-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the bill was criticised for significantly expanding the government's involvement and mandating inclusion of non-muslim members on the Waqf board.<br /> <br /> The act was challenged in the Supreme Court of India, with over 65 petitions filed by politicians, religious organisations, civil organisations and advocates.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=CJI-led bench to hear petitions challenging new Waqf Act today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cji-led-bench-to-hear-petitions-challenging-new-waqf-act-today-9946443/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The petitioners include Congress MP [[Mohammad Jawed]] and [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] chief [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]], [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], and several other Members of Parliament and religious organizations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=Waqf Amendment Act SC Hearing LIVE Updates: Supreme Court grants 7 days to Centre to respond to pleas against Waqf Act |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-waqf-act-hearing-live-updates-cji-khanna-bjp-9946860/lite/#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&amp;aoh=17449958458071&amp;referrer=https://www.google.com |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2025-04-04 |title=Congress MP Mohammed Jawed, AIMIM leader Asaduddin Owaisi move Supreme Court against Waqf Bill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-mp-moves-sc-against-waqf-bill-hours-after-parliament-clears-it/article69412417.ece |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-04 |title=Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 Highlights: AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi moves Supreme Court |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/waqf-amendment-bill-2025-live-updates-pm-modi-rajya-sabha-parliament-nod-on-waqf-muslims-reactions/3798373/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In its interim judgement on September 15, 2025, the Court stayed parts of the Act without voiding the whole Act.<br /> <br /> == Proceedings ==&lt;!-- This section includes content from The_Waqf_(Amendment)_Act,_2025 Wikipedia article. Please see the article source for atttribution and edit history. Permissable under Wikipedia license. --&gt;<br /> <br /> On April 17, 2025, the Supreme Court clubbed all petitions under the title &quot;''In re: Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025''&quot; and directed the Union government to file a consolidated reply within one week. It designated five petitions [[Arshad Madani]] v. Union of India, Muhammad Jameel Merchant v. Union of India, Mohammed Fazlurrahim &amp; Anr. v. Union of India &amp; Ors., Sheikh Noorul Hassan v. The Union of India &amp; Ors., and Asaduddin Owaisi v. Union of India as the lead cases and treating remaining writ petitions as intervention/impleadment applications.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Constitutionality of the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 |url=https://www.scobserver.in/cases/constitutionality-of-the-waqf-amendment-act-2025-asaduddin-owaisi-v-union-of-india/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SC ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-28 |title=Supreme Court refuses to entertain fresh plea challenging Waqf (Amendment) Act |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-fresh-plea-challenging-waqf-amendment-act/article69500429.ece |access-date=2025-04-30 |work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The court also ordered that no waqf property—whether registered, unregistered, or ''waqf by user''—be denotified, altered, or interfered with until the next hearing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=Supreme Court grants Centre week to reply on Waqf Act validity, says no changes to 'waqf by user' till next hearing |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-grants-centre-week-to-reply-on-waqf-act-validity-says-no-changes-to-waqf-by-user-till-next-hearing-101744880034347.html |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-18 |title=Day after Supreme Court's red flag, Govt puts key aspects of Waqf law on hold until May 5 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/waqf-act-supreme-court-hearing-centre-appointments-to-boards-9949756/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On April 28, 2025, the Supreme Court declined to entertain a fresh plea filed by petitioner Syed Alo Akbar challenging the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025. The bench, comprising Chief Justice [[Sanjiv Khanna]] and Justice Sanjay Kumar, reiterated its earlier directive of April 17 that only five consolidated petitions would be heard under the case titled &quot;In Re: Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025&quot;. The Court asked the petitioner to file an intervention application in those pending cases instead.<br /> <br /> During the Supreme Court hearing on the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, Solicitor General [[Tushar Mehta]], representing the central government, assured the court that no waqf property would be denotified and no appointments would be made to the [[Central Waqf Council]] or State Waqf Boards until 5 May. He argued that interim relief should not be granted without hearing the government's position on a law passed by Parliament. The court recorded the assurance and granted the government one week to file its response.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-17 |title=Waqf Amendment Act Supreme Court hearing highlights: Centre says won't denotify properties, SC grants it 7 days to reply to pleas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/waqf-amendment-act-supreme-court-hearing-highlights-second-day-april-17-2025/article69459391.ece |access-date=2025-04-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Court also appointed three nodal counsels to coordinate arguments and directed them to determine among themselves who would represent the consolidated petitions during the hearing on May 5. The petitioners were permitted to file rejoinders to the Centre's affidavit—which spans over 1,300 pages—within five days of its service.&lt;ref name=&quot;SC ref&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 15 May, a Bench of CJI Gavai and Justice A. G. Masih heard the matter for the first time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Judgement ==<br /> The two judge bench of the court delivered its interim judgement on September 15, 2025, granting limited stay to key provisions and declining to stay the whole Act. Specifically, Section 3(r) which required that the waqif (person creating the waqf) to prove they have been practising Islam for at least five years, and parts of Section 3C, which deals with government property &quot;identified or declared&quot; as Waqf. The Court also directed that the Central and State Waqf Councils have no more than four and three non-Muslim members, respectively, and that Waqf Boards should aim to have a Muslim ex-officio chairperson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court stays key provisions of the Waqf Amendment Act 2025 |url=https://www.scobserver.in/reports/constitutionality-of-waqf-amendment-act-interim-stay-judgement-pronouncement/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]]<br /> * [[Freedom of religion in India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * Full text of the judgement: ''[https://www.scobserver.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Judgement_In-re-Waqf-Amendment-Act-2025.pdf In re: Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025]''<br /> <br /> {{SCI-cases}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 2025]]<br /> [[Category:Sharia]]<br /> [[Category:Freedom of religion]]<br /> [[Category:Indian constitutional case law]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war&diff=541262 2026-04-01T09:21:18Z

<p>InstaNews: Created pg...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1679–1684 conflict}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{infobox military conflict<br /> | conflict = Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war<br /> | partof = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | date = 1679–1684<br /> | place = [[Guge]], [[Ladakh]]<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | map_type = <br /> | map_relief = <br /> | latitude = <br /> | longitude = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_marksize = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_label = <br /> | territory = Ladakh reduced to its present day borders<br /> | result = [[Treaty of Tingmosgang]]<br /> * Tibetan recognition of the independence of Ladakh<br /> | combatant1 = [[Ganden Phodrang]]&lt;br/&gt;{{flag|Khoshut Khanate}}<br /> | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Mughal Empire.png}}[[Mughal Empire]] &lt;br&gt; [[Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh|Namgyal dynasty]]<br /> | commander1 = {{flag icon|Khoshut Khanate}} [[Galdan Tsewang]]<br /> | commander2 = Fidai Khan &lt;br&gt; [[Delek Namgyal]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war''' of 1679–1684 was fought between the Central Tibetan [[Ganden Phodrang]] government, with the assistance of [[Oirats|Oirat Mongolian]] [[Khoshut Khanate]] and the [[Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh]] with assistance from the [[Mughal Empire]] in [[Kashmir]]. Which in the late 17th century, Ladakh sided with [[Bhutan]] in its dispute with Tibet. The Tibetans decided to punish Ladakh for interfering in their relations with [[Bhutan]] and the oppression of [[Gelug]] monasteries in Ladakh.{{sfnp|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000|p=51}}<br /> <br /> == War ==<br /> In 1679, the [[5th Dalai Lama]] appointed the lama of the [[Tashilhunpo Monastery]], the [[Upper Mongols|Koshut]] Galdan Tsewang ({{bo|w=Dga' ldan Tshe dbang}}{{sfn|Emmer, the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|2007|p=81}}), as the commander of the Tibeto-Khoshut expedition to Ladakh.{{sfnp|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000|p=51}}<br /> He is said to have done so against the advice of his prime minister not to send the expedition.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{harvp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968|p=349}}: &quot;Firstly, from the passage dated 5 July 1679, it seems that the decision to send the expedition to Ladakh was taken by the 5th Dalai Lama himself who, concurring with the advice given by dGa'-lDan Tshe-dBan dPal bZan (that an expedition be sent), over-ruled the advice given by the sDe-pa Blo-bZan sByin-pa (that the expedition be postponed). It should be remembered that the sDe-pa Blo bZan sByin-pa was, at this time, in the very last days of his tenure of office as sDe-pa. Already on 27 June 1679, a notice had been issued, naming Sans-rGyas rGya-mTsho as sDe-pa.&quot;<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; Galdan Tsewang first secured his flanks when he made a treaty with Raja Kehri Singh of [[Bashahr]], granting him trade rights with Tibet.{{sfnp|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000|p=51}}<br /> <br /> Galdan Tsewang's first campaign resulted in the defeat of the Ladakhi army led by Shakya Gyatso ({{bo|w=Sakya rGya-mTsho}}, at Khan-dMar.{{sfnp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968|p=349}} The following year, he defeated the Ladakhis again at [[Chang La]] (''Byan-la'') and occupied the country with the exception of the fortresses of [[Basgo]], and [[Tingmosgang|Tinggmosgang]], which held out against the Tibetan attacks for the next three years.{{sfnp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968|p=349}}<br /> <br /> The stalemate was broken with the [[Mughal Empire]]'s intervention in the war. Kashmir was a Mughal province at this time and included Ladakh in its [[sphere of influence]].{{sfnp|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000|p=51}} In 1683, an army led by Fidai Khan, son of governor Ibrahim Khan of Kashmir, defeated the Tibeto-Khoshut army and lifted the siege of [[Basgo]], continuing the pursuit until [[Lake Pangong]].&lt;ref name=Kaul /&gt;&lt;ref name=Kali /&gt; The Mughal-Ladakh alliance manage to force the Tibetan to withdraw into [[Tashigang, Ngari Prefecture|Tashigang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |author-link=Luciano Petech |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.&amp;nbsp;950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3498 |via=archive.org |pages=71-74}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kashmiris helped restore Ladakhi rule on the condition that a mosque be built in [[Leh]] and that the Ladakhi king convert to Islam. The Mughals retreated after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis. Kashmiri historians assert that, after this, the Ladakhi king converted to Islam in return. However, the Ladakhi chronicles do not mention such a thing and the Ladakhi people refute it. The king agreed to give tribute to the Mughals in return for their help.&lt;ref name=Kali&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC&amp;pg=PA34|title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector|first=M. L.|last=Sali|date=20 April 1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170249641|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Kaul&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC&amp;pg=PA63|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|first=H. N.|last=Kaul|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|access-date=20 April 2018|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Johan Eleverskog writes that in his struggle for power over Tibet, the [[Fifth Dalai Lama]] employed fear and violence over the Tibetan territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Johan Elverskog|title=Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7_4Gr9Q438C&amp;pg=PA222|date=6 June 2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-0531-2|pages=222–}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Treaty of Tingmosgang ==<br /> {{Further|Ladakh Chronicles#Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)}}<br /> <br /> In 1684, the [[Ganden Phodrang]] Prime Minister [[Desi Sangye Gyatso]]&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{harvp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968}} p.&amp;nbsp;342: &quot;Sans-rGyas rGya-mTsho (1653–1705), sDe-pa or Prime Minister of Tibet 1679-1705&quot;. p.&amp;nbsp;351: &quot;Now, in 1684, the government of Tibet, headed by the sDe-pa Sans-rGyas rGya-mTsho, annexed Gu-ge to Tibet, and fixed the frontier between Ladakh and Tibet at the lHa-ri stream at bDe-mChog.&quot;<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; and the King [[Delek Namgyal]] of Ladakh signed the 1684 [[Treaty of Tingmosgang]] to end the war.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{harvp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968|pp=351–353}}: &quot;We produce now a new translation of the Ladakh Chronicles [...] bDe-legs rNam-rGyal, came to the kingship [of Ladakh] [...] Thereupon, the Government of Tibet, being afraid that the King of Ladakh and his troops might, once again, make war (on Tibet), ordered the 'Brug-pa Mi-'pham dBaii-po that he ought to go (to Ladakh) in order to establish peace. [...] With this exception, the frontier (of Ladakh) was fixed as from the IHa-ri stream at bDe-mChog.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oduAAAAMAAJ |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh: C. 950-1842 A.D. |first=Luciano |last=Petech |author-link=Luciano Petech |publisher=Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |pages=171–172|isbn=9788863230581 }}: &quot;bDe-legs-n.g. co-regent (1680–1691)&quot; The original text of the Treaty of Tingmosgang no longer survives, but its contents are summarized in the ''[[Ladakh Chronicles]]''.<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{harvp|Lamb, Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector|1965}}: p.&amp;nbsp;37: &quot;No text of this agreement between Tibet and Ladakh survives, but there are references to it in chronicles.&quot; p.&amp;nbsp;38: &quot;There can be no doubt that the 1684 (or 1683) agreement between Ladakh and the authorities then controlling Tibet did in fact take place. Unfortunately, no original text of it has survived and its terms can only be deduced. In its surviving form there seems to be a reference to a boundary point at &quot;the Lhari stream at Demchok&quot;, a stream which would appear to flow into the Indus at Demchok and divide that village into two halves.&quot; p.&amp;nbsp;40: &quot;The treaty that could have given this information, that of 1684, has not survived in ...its full text, and we have no means of determining exactly what line of frontier was contemplated in 1684. The chronicles which refer to this treaty are singularly deficient in precise geographical details.&quot;<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> According to the ''[[Ladakh Chronicles]]'', the treaty fixed the Tibet-Ladakh border at the [[Lhari stream]] near [[Demchok (historical village)|Demchok]], and regulated trade and tribute missions between Ladakh to Tibet.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000|p=51}}; {{harvp|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968|p=356}}; {{cite book |title=Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Part (Volume) II |first=August Hermann |last=Francke |author-link=August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist) |editor-first=F. W. |editor-last=Thomas |year=1926 |pages=115–118}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Zahiruddin |title=New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84 |journal=East and West |volume= 18 |issue= 3/4 |date=September–December 1968 |pages=340–361 |publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente |jstor=29755343 |ref={{sfnref|Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|1968}}}}<br /> * {{citation |first=Gerhard |last=Emmer |chapter=Dga' Ldan Tshe Dbang Dpal Bzang Po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84 |title=Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the IATS, 2003. Volume 9: The Mongolia-Tibet Interface: Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPKvCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA95 |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-2171-9 |pages=81–108 |ref={{sfnref|Emmer, the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War|2007}}}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |title=Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute |journal=The Australian Year Book of International Law |year=1965 |pages=37–52 |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1965/4.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Lamb, Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector|1965}}}}<br /> * Petech, Luciano (1947). &quot;The Tibetan-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1681-83.&quot; ''Indian History Quaterly'' XXIII(3), 169-99.<br /> * {{cite book| last=Rahul |first=Ram |title=March of Central Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tI77bC989PoC&amp;pg=PA51 |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2000 | isbn=8173871094 |ref={{sfnref|Rahul, March of Central Asia|2000}}}}<br /> <br /> {{Tibet topics}}<br /> {{Mughal Empire}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-84}}<br /> [[Category:Conflicts in 1679]]<br /> [[Category:1680s conflicts]]<br /> [[Category:History of Ladakh]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving Tibet]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]<br /> [[Category:1670s in the Mughal Empire]]<br /> [[Category:1679 in India]]<br /> [[Category:1680s in the Mughal Empire]]<br /> [[Category:History of Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving the Khoshut Khanate]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Train_to_Pakistan_(film)&diff=541776 2026-03-28T15:34:08Z

<p>InstaNews: Created info...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Train to Pakistan<br /> | image =Train_to_Pakistan_(film).jpg<br /> <br /> | alt =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Pamela Rooks]]<br /> | producer = R. V. Pandit&lt;br /&gt;Ravi Gupta&lt;br /&gt;Bobby Bedi<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = Pamela Rooks<br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Train to Pakistan]]''|[[Khushwant Singh]]}}<br /> | narrator =<br /> | starring = [[Nirmal Pandey]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rajit Kapur]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohan Agashe]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Smriti Mishra]]<br /> | music = Piyush Kanojia&lt;br /&gt;[[Taufiq Qureshi]]&lt;br /&gt;Kuldeep Singh<br /> | cinematography = [[Sunny Joseph]]<br /> | editing = A. V. Narayana&lt;br /&gt;Sujata Narula<br /> | studio =<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|1998|11|6}}<br /> | runtime = 108 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Train to Pakistan''''' is a 1998 Indian [[Hindi film]] adapted from [[Khushwant Singh]]'s 1956 novel [[Train to Pakistan|by the same name]] set in the [[Partition of India]] of 1947 and directed by [[Pamela Rooks]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tr&quot;/&gt; The film stars [[Nirmal Pandey]], [[Rajit Kapur]], [[Mohan Agashe]], [[Smriti Mishra]], [[Mangal Dhillon]] and [[Divya Dutta]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film is set in Mano Majra, which is a quiet fictional village on the border of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], close to where the railway line crosses the [[Sutlej River]]. The film develops around the love affair of small-time dacoit Juggut Singh (Nirmal Pandey), with a local Muslim girl, Nooran ([[Smriti Mishra]]). ''Mano Majra'', incidentally, was the original title of the book upon its release in 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Mohan |title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume 5. (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&amp;q=mano+majra&amp;pg=PA4367|year=2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1221-8|page=4367}}&lt;/ref&gt; The villagers are a mix of [[Sikh]]s and [[Muslim]]s, who live in harmony. The Sikhs own most of the land, and the Muslims work as labourers. During the summer of 1947, when the [[Partition of India]] was taking place, the entire country was a hotbed of extremism and intolerance. The Muslims in India moved towards the newly formed Pakistan, and the Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan migrated to refugee camps in India. One day, a [[train]] arrives from Pakistan, which carries bodies of all the Sikh and Hindu children, Women and Men who have been butchered while they tried to depart from Pakistan. That is when this quiet village is changed forever.&lt;ref name=&quot;tr&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070805/spectrum/main1.htm|title=Films &amp; Partition train of History|date=5 August 2007|work=The Tribune|archive-date=20 July 2016|access-date=7 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720155818/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070805/spectrum/main1.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Mohan Agashe]] as Hukum Chand<br /> * [[Nirmal Pandey]] as Jaggat Singh, Jagaa<br /> * [[Rajit Kapoor]] as Iqbal<br /> * [[Smriti Mishra]] as Nooran<br /> * [[Divya Dutta]] as Haseena, the Muslim prostitute girl<br /> * [[Mangal Dhillon]] as the sub-inspector<br /> <br /> ==Development==<br /> The film was one of the most anticipated adaptations of its time, especially being writer Khushwant Singh's most acclaimed work. According to him, several people in past have attempted to make the film, including [[Shashi Kapoor]] and [[Shabana Azmi]], who even developed a screenplay, but owing to the sensitivity of the subject, they abandoned the project.&lt;ref name=no&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990110/01050445.html|title=No malice towards Rooks: Khushwant|date=10 January 1999|work=Indian Express}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pamela Rooks first read the novel at 17, preparing for the title role of Nooran, which she was set to play in the prospective [[Ismail Merchant]] film, which never took off. The novel stayed with her, however, because growing up she had stories of the Partition from her parents. Initially the publishers of the book, Ravi Dayal, were hesitant to give the rights of the work to a new filmmaker, as this was only Rooks' second feature, till Ravi Gupta, Managing Director of [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]] stepped in and a go-ahead was given. Previously as her first feature, Rooks had adapted her own novel ''[[Miss Beatty's Children]]'', into a 1993 film by the same name, which won her the [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]] for [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Best First Film of a Director]]. For her adaptation, Rooks chose a slightly different narrative from the original novel. Thus, the film begins with Hukum Chand, the [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]], reminiscing about the partition period. However, she has visually translated most of the lines from Khushwant Singh's narrative directly on to the screen.&lt;ref name=fif&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970725/20650843.html|title=Fifty summers after|date=25 July 1997|work=Indian Express}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film was produced by [[Channel Four Films]] and [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] (NFDC), and the production company was [[Kaleidoscope Entertainment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Reel life success - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/new-business/story/reellife-success-11862-2007-10-04 |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=Business Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting began nearly fifty years after the actual partition of India in 1947. Though many villages of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] resembled the Punjab of fifty years prior, Muslim pockets were missing now, hence a couple of villages on the fringes of Punjab were used to give a combined look of Mano Majra, the village near the [[Indo-Pakistani border|Indo-Pak border]], where the novel was set. Pamela used her background in the documentary film, making to shoot certain parts of the film live, in scenes like that of religious ceremony at a temple, the feel couldn't have been recreated though retakes were shot live. The shooting was finally completed by July 1997, when the film went into post-production work in [[Mumbai]], ahead of its 15 August, television premiere on STAR Plus.&lt;ref name=fif/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release and critical reception==<br /> Initially, the film was to have its premiere on [[STAR Plus]] channel on 15 August 1997, India's Independence day, but it ran into trouble with the [[Indian Censor Board]], thus its theatrical release was also cancelled twice, and with director not agreeing to the cuts demanded by the board, the film went to a tribunal, which caused further delays. Eventually it was passed in December 1997 with a few cuts, mostly audio. Its television released happened on [[Star Plus]] in 1998, after its theatrical release.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?204930|title=Pamela Rooks|date=19 January 1998|magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook (magazine)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film version had only one visual and few audio cuts. Subsequently, the film was released in the United States, [[Sri Lanka]] and on [[Channel Four]] in the UK, and also shown in several international film festivals,&lt;ref name=no/&gt; including, Zanzibar International Film Festival, 1998, World Film Festival National Films from South Festival Denmark, 1998, Beirut International Film Festival, 1998, Fiminale International Film Festival, Koln Germany, 1998, Soria Mora Film Festival, [[Oslo]], 1998, and Indian Film Week in Hong Kong, 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nfdcindia.com/view_film.php?film_id=141 Train to Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180638/http://www.nfdcindia.com/view_film.php?film_id=141 |date=14 July 2011 }} ''[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]''&lt;/ref&gt; Besides critical acclaim, it was also nominated for Best Film at the 1999 [[Cinequest Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2017-10-12 |title=Get set for some classic cinematic treats in the capital this month! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2017/Oct/11/get-set-for-some-classic-cinematic-treats-in-the-capital-this-month-1671414.html |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=0170704|title=Train to Pakistan}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Train To Pakistan (Film)}}<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1947]]<br /> [[Category:1998 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1998 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Film censorship in India]]<br /> [[Category:Censored films]]<br /> [[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musa_Sherif&diff=519232 2026-03-28T09:05:36Z

<p>InstaNews: creating a entry.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian rally co-driver}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox WRC driver<br /> | name = Musa Sherif<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | full_name = Musa Sherif<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|9|07}}<br /> | birth_place = Kumbla, [[Kasargod district|Kasaragod, Kerala]], India<br /> | years = 1993–<br /> | teams = Team MRF (INRC), Team JK (INRC), Team India Rally (APRC), Mahindra adventure<br /> | races = n/a<br /> | championships = National [[INRC]]: 7(2007, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2018,2020)<br /> | wins = over 100 overall wins<br /> | podiums = n/a<br /> | stagewins = n/a<br /> | points = n/a<br /> | first_race = 1993<br /> | first_win = 2003 <br /> | last_win = 2020 [[Indian National Rally Championship]]<br /> | last_race = 2020 [[Indian National Rally Championship]]<br /> | updated = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Musa Sherif''', (born 7 September 1971) is an Indian Motorsports professional and eight-time Indian National champion co-driver competing in the Indian National Rally Championship ([[INRC]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Track |first=Auto |date=2024-12-20 |title=3rd overall driver’s championship for Karna; 8th co-driver’s title for Musa Seven-time National champion Gaurav Gill misses his 8th title by 2 points |url=https://www.autotrack.ind.in/post/3rd-overall-driver-s-championship-for-karna-8th-co-driver-s-title-for-musa-seven-time-national-cham |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Auto Track |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Indulge |first=Team |date=2024-12-17 |title=Karna Kadur-Musa Sherif clinch 2024 Indian National Rally Championship title |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/car-bike/motorsports/2024/Dec/17/karna-kadur-musa-sherif-clinch-2024-indian-national-rally-championship-title |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Born in [[Kumbla|Kumble]], a small town in [[Kasaragod|Kasargod district]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How a dry fish seller's son from Kasaragod became most sought after navigator in motorsports world|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2021/jul/03/how-a-dry-fish-sellers-son-from-kasaragod-became-most-sought-after-navigator-in-motorsports-world-2324767.html|access-date=2021-10-04|website=The New Indian Express|date=3 July 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shacki|title=Musa Sherif - rally profile eWRC-results.com|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/coprofile/14610-musa-sherif/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=eWRC-results.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-28 |title=The navigator: The man who has been in the co-driver's seat in 289 rallies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/navigator-musa-sherif-sjoba-rally-the-navigator-6291100/ |access-date=2021-09-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he made his debut in 1993 and became the first Indian to complete 300 rallies, both in two-wheeler and four-wheelers in all formats of rallying including TSD rallies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ranjit |date=2022-03-14 |title=Motorsports Journalists Federation of India felicitates seasoned pro Musa Sherif for 300 caps |url=https://www.mykhel.com/motorsport/motorsports-journalists-federation-felicitates-seasoned-pro-musa-sherif-for-300-caps-186099.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=www.mykhel.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Sherif got hooked on rallying in 1993 when he competed in the Mandovi rally at [[Mangalore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; as a rider and shifted to four-wheelers in 1995. He currently competes in yellow colours with JK Tyre team and navigates for seven-time National champion driver Gaurav Gill. The duo won the popular Karnataka 1000 rally, the second round of the delayed INRC 2021 where he completed 300 rallies including 69 international rallies. He also won 35 rounds of the INRC of which 33 came with Gaurav Gill in front of the steering wheel.<br /> <br /> Musa also entered the [[Limca Book of Records]] in 2011 for [[navigate|navigating]] for and winning three championship titles in a year (2009).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sathyendran|first=Nita|date=2011-11-18|title=CRUISE Control|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cruise-control/article2639537.ece|access-date=2021-09-29|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''National championship winner'''<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Season<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Co-Driver <br /> ! Team<br /> ! Car<br /> ! Tuner<br /> ! Governing body<br /> |-<br /> ! 2007<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | Team MRF <br /> | [[Mitsubishi Cedia]] Group N <br /> | J.Anand<br /> | [[Motorsports Association of India|MAI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2009<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | Team MRF<br /> | [[Mitsubishi Cedia]] Group N+<br /> | J.Anand<br /> | [[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2011<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | MRF<br /> | [[Mitsubishi Cedia]] Group N+ <br /> | J.Anand<br /> | [[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2014<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | Mahindra Adventure<br /> | [[Mahindra XUV500]]<br /> | [[N. Leelakrishnan]]<br /> |[[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2017<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | Mahindra Adventure <br /> | [[Mahindra XUV500]]<br /> | [[N. Leelakrishnan]]<br /> | [[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2018<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | Mahindra Adventure <br /> | [[Mahindra XUV500]]<br /> | [[N. Leelakrishnan]]<br /> | [[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2020<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]<br /> | [[Musa sherif]]<br /> | JK Tyre Racing <br /> | [[Mahindra XUV300]]<br /> | [[N. Leelakrishnan|N Leelakrishnan]],<br /> | [[FMSCI]]<br /> |-<br /> !2024<br /> |[[Karna Kadur]]<br /> |Musa Sherif<br /> |Arka Motorsports<br /> |[[Volkswagen Polo]]<br /> |[[N. Leelakrishnan|N Leelakrishnan]]<br /> |FMSCI<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;{{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sherif, V. Musa}}<br /> [[Category:Indian rally drivers]]<br /> [[Category:JK Tyre National Level Racing Championship drivers]]<br /> [[Category:World Rally Championship drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_display_of_affection&diff=464216 2026-03-28T02:06:26Z

<p>InstaNews: updated details per standard format and fixed typos after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Acts of physical intimacy in the view of others}}<br /> {{Redirect|Public affection|the band formerly known as Public Affection|Live (band)}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{primary|date=December 2025}}<br /> [[File:Princess Madeleine of Sweden 21 2013.jpg|thumb|Wedding kiss: [[Princess Madeleine]] of Sweden and [[Christopher O'Neill]] kiss each other after their wedding, 2013]]<br /> {{Close relationships}}<br /> {{Love sidebar}}<br /> '''Public displays of affection''' ('''PDA''') are acts of [[physical intimacy]] in the view of others. What is considered to be an acceptable display of [[affection]] varies with respect to culture and context.<br /> <br /> Some organizations have rules limiting or prohibiting public displays of affection. Displays of affection in a public place, such as the street, are more likely to be objected to, than similar practices in a private place with only people from a similar cultural background present.<br /> <br /> ==Worldwide==<br /> === China ===<br /> Historically, Chinese culture has regarded the overwhelming majority of physical contact between opposite sexes as unacceptable. The earliest iconic record of such view is ''[https://ctext.org/mengzi/li-lou-i?searchu=%E6%B7%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%AB%A1%E6%9B%B0%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E6%8E%88%E5%8F%97%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%A6%AE%E8%88%87%EF%BC%9F Mencius: Li Lou I]'' ([https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90/%E9%9B%A2%E5%A9%81%E4%B8%8A 孟子 · 離婁上], written in the [[Warring States period|Warring States Period]]), in which [[Mencius]] ({{lang-zh|孟子}}), a Confucian scholar and philosopher, states that it is &quot;etiquette that males and females shall not allow their hands to touch in giving or receiving anything&quot; ({{lang-zh|男女授受不親}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mengzi: Li Lou I - 淳于髡曰：「男女授受不親，禮與？ - Chinese Text Project |url=https://ctext.org/mengzi/li-lou-i?searchu=%E6%B7%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%AB%A1%E6%9B%B0%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E6%8E%88%E5%8F%97%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%A6%AE%E8%88%87%EF%BC%9F |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=ctext.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; a view that is still prevalent today.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90/%E9%9B%A2%E5%A9%81%E4%B8%8A|title=孟子/離婁上 - 維基文庫，自由的圖書館|website=zh.wikisource.org|access-date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Younger generations in more developed parts of China are less afraid of displaying their affections towards their partners in public (partially affected by the influence of Western culture). It is common to see males and females holding hands or wearing coordinated outfits in urbanized cities, with some commentators suggesting &quot;mass availability of condoms and hyper-sexualized advertisements&quot; as the cause for China's increasing acceptance of PDA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://china.davidson.edu/blog/chinas-public-display-of-affection/|title=China's Public Display of Affection|website=china.davidson.edu|access-date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, traditional ideals still have a strong influence on social norms of relatively remote regions.<br /> <br /> In the first few decades of the 21st century, Chinese [[netizen]]s coined the expression {{lang|zh|秀恩爱}} ({{lang-zh|p=xiù ēn'ài|l=to show off love and affection}}) for public display of affection. The neologism quickly popularized and gained the connotation of &quot;being lovey-dovey to piss off single people.&quot; According to a 2004 research by Weiyi Zhang, a researcher from [[Fudan University]], the dissemination of PDA culture in China is largely ascribed to an ultramodern desire to gain public recognition and reality confirmation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10246-1015426762.htm|title=影像传播与亲密关系：社交网络秀恩爱仪式研究--《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文|website=cdmd.cnki.com.cn|access-date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mothers from the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] minority ethnic group, as only researched in the 1900s in [[Aigun]] of Northern [[Manchuria]] where the researcher [[S. M. Shirokogoroff]] personally believed the Manchu element were &quot;purer&quot; than those of Southern Manchuria and Peking (now Beijing),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last = Laufer|first = B.|date = 1924|title = Book Reviews|jstor = 661399|journal = American Anthropologist|volume = 26| issue = 4|pages = 540–543| quote = The author's researches were made at Aigun in northern Manchuria where the Manchu element is preserved in a purer form and less influenced by Chinese than in southern Manchuria and Peking.| doi = 10.1525/aa.1924.26.4.02a00100|doi-access = free}}&lt;/ref&gt; used to show affection for their children by performing [[fellatio]] on their male babies, placing the penis in their mouths and stimulating it, while they regarded public kissing with revulsion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Shirokogorov | first=Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich | title=Social Organization of the Manchus: A Study of the Manchu Clan Organization | year=1924 | publisher=Royal Asiatic Society| page=i, 1–6, 122 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> Public display of affection might be regarded as socially unacceptable in [[India]] if it disturbs others or creates nuisance. Same-sex physical contact is allowed. Under [[section 294 of the Indian Penal Code]], causing annoyance to others through &quot;obscene acts&quot; is a criminal offence with a punishment of imprisonment up to three months or a fine, or both.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Criminal Law - Indian Penal Code,1860 - Section 294 - Obscene acts and songs |url=http://www.indianlawcases.com/Act-Indian.Penal.Code,1860-1742 |website=Indian Law Cases |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105073053/http://www.indianlawcases.com/Act-Indian.Penal.Code,1860-1742 |archive-date=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, in 2007, when actor [[Richard Gere]] kissed [[Shilpa Shetty]] in an AIDS awareness event in New Delhi, a warrant for his arrest was issued by an Indian court, which was overturned by a higher court. However, the [[Supreme Court of India]] on various occasions have said that kissing or hugging between adults in public is legal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/change-laws-according-to-change-in-society/articleshow/64011340.cms|title = 'Change laws according to change in society' &amp;#124; Kolkata News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=3 May 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/richard-gere-kissing-incident-love-affair-with-akshay-kumar-raj-kundra-pornography-case-5-times-shilpa-shetty-made-headlines/photostory/84829695.cms|title=Shilpa Shetty: Richard Gere kissing incident, love affair with Akshay Kumar, Raj Kundra pornography case: 5 times Shilpa Shetty made headlines|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2009, the far-right group [[Sri Ram Sena]] physically attacked couples celebrating [[Valentine's Day]] in [[Mangalore]], stating that it goes against Indian culture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/4447238/Hindu-extremists-will-attack-Valentines-Day-couples.html | work=Telegraph, UK | title=Hindu extremists 'will attack Valentine's Day couples' | first=Ben| last=Farmer| date=3 February 2009 | access-date=16 October 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the state of [[Kerala]], a public kissing display named [[2014 Kiss of Love protest|Kiss of Love]] was held in November 2014 in protest against [[Moral police|moral policing]].&lt;ref name=Toix1&gt;{{cite news|last1=B|first1=Viju|title='Kiss of love' movement: They came, dared the mob, did it|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kiss-of-love-movement-They-came-dared-the-mob-did-it/articleshow/45016955.cms|access-date=3 November 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Middle East===<br /> {{Verification|section|date=April 2025}}<br /> Middle Eastern countries such as [[Iraq]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Jordan]] and [[Egypt]] are predominantly Muslim cultures. Although public displays of affection generally do not fit the local culture and customs, it varies even among these countries.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} Decency laws do not allow public displays of affection. Penalties can be severe based on the action in different countries.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> For example, travelers to [[Dubai]] have been given jail sentences for kissing in public. In 2009 a British couple caught publicly kissing in Dubai were sentenced to deportation following a three-month prison sentence.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=May 2025}} An unmarried Indian couple, who were in a taxi, were sentenced to one year in prison for hugging and kissing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thriftytraveling.com/going-to-dubai-better-know-the-law/|website=Thrifty Traveling|title=Going to Dubai? Better Know the LAWS |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140626085809/https://thriftytraveling.com/going-to-dubai-better-know-the-law |archive-date=26 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The taxi driver drove the couple directly to a police station.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kissing is considered &quot;an offence to public decency&quot;.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> === Western world===<br /> [[File:Man and woman hugging at beach.jpg|thumb|A couple hugging at a beach in the United States]]{{Needs expansion|date=April 2025}}<br /> In most of the [[Western world]], such as [[Western Europe]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Canada]], the [[United States]], and [[Latin America]], public displays of affection such as holding hands, hugging, and occasionally kissing are generally common. However, attitudes vary among couples, with some feeling comfortable expressing affection openly, while others prefer to refrain from doing so.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kiss &amp; Tell: A couple's guide to PDA around the world |url=https://stowawaymag.byu.edu/kiss-tell-a-couples-guide-to-pda-around-the-world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610212756/https://stowawaymag.byu.edu/kiss-tell-a-couples-guide-to-pda-around-the-world |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=8 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Public Displays of Affection Abroad (PDA) - Expat Guide Asia |url=http://www.expatguideasia.com/public-displays-affection-pda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524131242/http://www.expatguideasia.com/public-displays-affection-pda |archive-date=24 May 2017 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Expat Guide Asia |url-status=usurped |quote=That said, no-one’s going to arrest you if you’re kissing or snuggling your partner in public; likewise, hand-holding, a casual arm round the waist and the occasional cheeky bum squeeze aren’t going to get you in trouble. Most people will even tolerate the exuberant (if sick-making) lovey-dovey touchiness of some couples, especially if they’re young and obviously smitten – which sets us apart from many cultures in the world in which romantic love is either not expressed in public, or expressed in very different ways.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> === Religions ===<br /> [[Religiosity]] is an important factor that influences how romantic relationships develop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bearman |first1=P. S. |last2=Bruckner |first2=H. |date=2001 |title=Promising the Future: Virginity Pledges and First Intercourse |journal=American Journal of Sociology |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=859–912 |doi=10.1086/320295 |s2cid=142684938}}&lt;/ref&gt; In many regions of the world, religion drives the cultural view on PDA{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} and this sometimes culminates into proscription based on religious rules. Examples of such are [[sharia law]], Catholic and Evangelical [[virginity pledge]]s, Anabaptist [[plain people]], Methodist [[outward holiness]], Quaker [[testimony of simplicity]], [[Latter-day Saint]] [[Law of chastity]] and Judaic [[Tzniut]]. The conservative Islamic schools of thought, especially [[Salafism]]-oriented ones, forbid public displays of affection.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Etzioni |first1=Amitai |title=Hot Spots |date=2012 |page=152}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Adolescence ===<br /> [[File:Couple at the Pantheon in Rome.jpg|thumb|A young couple indulging in public in Rome]]<br /> Relationships outside the family become increasingly important during adolescence. Although several studies of basic social processes have been conducted by sociologists,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Adolescent Society: The Social Life of the Teenager and its Impact on Education.|last1=Coleman|first1=J. S.|date=1961|publisher=Greenwood|location=Westport, CT}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Waller|first1=W.|year=1937|title=The rating and dating complex|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-sociological-review_1937-10_2_5/page/726|journal=American Sociological Review|volume=2|issue=5|pages=727–734|doi=10.2307/2083825|jstor=2083825}}&lt;/ref&gt; much of the research and theorizing about adolescent relationships has been carried out by developmental psychologists. Much more research has been done in the area of specific adolescent behaviors, which has shown that these behaviors are predicted well by relationship variables to include the display of affection.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Giordano|first1=P. C.|last2=Cernkovich|first2=S. A.|last3=Holland|first3=D.|date=2003|title=Changes in friendship relationships over the life course: Implications for desistance from crime|journal=Criminology|volume=41|issue=2|pages=293–328|doi=10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00989.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Affection or intimacy references a pattern of conduct within relationships that includes subjective assessments of attachment. This pattern of conduct is a part of a larger constellation of factors that contributes to an adolescent's development of a non-parental relationship. Sociologists have explored the more general terrain of gender relations, although several of the key studies focus on preadolescence and early adolescence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Peer Power: Preadolescent Culture and Identity.|last1=Adler|first1=P. A.|last2=Adler|first2=P.|date=1998|publisher=Rutgers University|location=New Brunswick, NJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=School Talk: Gender and Adolescent Culture.|last1=Eder|first1=D.|last2=Evans|first2=C. C.|last3=Parker|first3=S.|date=1995|publisher=Rutgers University|location=New Brunswick, NJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Merten|first1=D. E.|date=1996|title=Going-with: the role of a social form in early romance|journal=Journal of Contemporary Ethnography|volume=24|issue=4|pages=462–484|doi=10.1177/089124196024004004|s2cid=144845466}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Simon|first1=R. W.|last2=Eder|first2=D.|last3=Evans|first3=C.|date=1992|title=The development of feeling norms underlying romantic love among adolescent females|journal=Social Psychology Quarterly|volume=55|issue=1|pages=29–46|doi=10.2307/2786684|jstor=2786684}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thorne|first1=B.|last2=Luria|first2=Z.|date=1986|title=. Sexuality and gender in children's daily worlds|journal=Social Problems|volume=33|issue=3|pages=176–190|doi=10.1525/sp.1986.33.3.03a00020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their work highlights the degree to which features of these early relations, and even intense personal feelings such as being in love, are socially constructed. Adolescents' conceptions about and conduct within these relationships are heavily influenced by interaction and communication with others.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Specific rules emerge (e.g., one should always be in love, it is wrong to date more than one person) and gossip or other social sanctions serve as important sources of informal social control around these rules.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Research moves into the early adolescent period when youths are old enough to say they are [[going steady]] and is useful in actually characterizing the nature of these relationships. These liaisons are described as highly superficial and based on unrealistic idealised expectations. Furthermore, the desire of adolescents to put on a good &quot;front&quot; inhibits the development of intimacy. Going steady is a limiting factor on the adolescent social ritual.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Boys and girls begin the process of relating to one another, the transition is much easier for adolescent males, who essentially transport their dominant interaction styles (derived from peer interactions) into this new relationship form with the opposite sex. Public displays of affection may facilitate the demonstration of this dominant interaction style transference in a socially acceptable way.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Maccoby|first1=E.|date=1990|title=Gender and relationships: a developmental account|journal=American Psychologist|volume=45|issue=4|pages=513–520|doi=10.1037/0003-066x.45.4.513|pmid=2186679}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Experimental research on communication processes observed in same- and mixed-gender groups to support this idea. Although behavior observed in cross-gender task groups is relevant, intimate dyadic relationships and task groups are not equivalent social contexts. Thus, an alternative hypothesis is that boys, who have less practice than their female counterparts with PDA (by virtue of their peer group experiences), must make a larger developmental leap as they move into the heterosexual arena. For example, examining the messages students write one another in high-school yearbooks,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Sociological Studies of Children and Youth|last1=Giordano|first1=P. C.|last2=Longmore|first2=M. A.|last3=Manning|first3=W. D.|date=2001|publisher=Elsevier|location=New York, NY|pages=111–139}}&lt;/ref&gt; there were marked differences between boys' discourse directed towards friends (e.g., &quot;you're a lousy wrestler…&quot;) and that directed towards romantic partners (e.g., &quot;you are very beautiful in so many ways, it would take me a lifetime to express them in words…&quot;). In contrast, young girls' use of language in messages to close friends and boyfriends is more similar in form and content. To the degree that the romantic context provides their only opportunity to express themselves and, more broadly, to relate in this intimate fashion, young males are more dependent on these relations than female adolescents, who have close friends for intimate talk and social support. This uniqueness figures into the [[aetiology]] of more negative and sometimes gendered relational dynamics that also emerge in connection with romantic involvements stalking, intrusive control efforts, violence, and the like.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hagan|first1=J.|last2=Foster|first2=H.|date=2001|title=Youth violence and the end of adolescence|journal=American Sociological Review|volume=66|issue=6|pages=874–899|citeseerx=10.1.1.515.3673|doi=10.2307/3088877|jstor=3088877}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Same-sex ===<br /> {{See also|Societal attitudes toward homosexuality}}<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | perrow = 1<br /> | total_width =<br /> | image1 = NYC Dyke March 2013 07.jpg<br /> | width1 = 150<br /> | image2 = Manuela Carmena - “En democracia es necesario no excluir a nadie” 19.jpg<br /> | width2 = 150<br /> | footer = ''Top:'' Two topless women hug and kiss each other in public during [[New York City]]'s [[Dyke March]], a visibility march for lesbians. ''Bottom:'' Two gay men kiss in public.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Public displays of affection between individuals of the same [[sex]] may or may not suggest [[homosexuality]] depending on the cultural context. For example, in many [[African cultures]] it is socially acceptable for people of the same sex to participate in public displays of affection,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ag0uduy5bYEC&amp;q=homosexual+display+of+affection&amp;pg=PA221|title=Twins in African and Diaspora Cultures: Double Trouble, Twice Blessed|last=Peek|first=Philip M.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-253-22307-4|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt; whereas in other countries such as the [[United States]] and [[Portugal]], it is considered{{By whom|date=April 2025}} to be indicative of homosexuality.<br /> <br /> In the contemporary Western society, attitudes towards same-sex public displays of affection vary across cities much like they vary across countries. In populations where the majority of individuals have high cultural values and are more accommodating, same-[[sex]] or same-[[gender]] public displays of affection are more likely to occur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gaines |first1=S. O. |date=2005 |title=Cultural Value Orientations, Internalized Homophobia, and Accommodation in Romantic Relationships |url=http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/17366/2/Gaines%20Journal%20of%20Homosexuality%2050%202005%20u.pdf |journal=Journal of Homosexuality |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=97–117 |doi=10.1300/j082v50n01_05 |pmid=16368666 |s2cid=18723729 |hdl=1871/17366}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Intolerance for homosexual PDA is commonplace in large swathes of society in many different cultures. For instance, in Portugal, [[LGBT]] individuals are less likely to partake in public displays of affection because their society is extremely critical of the act. They believe that by behaving according to what society deems appropriate, (e.g., only opposite-sex couples should partake in acts of public displays of affection), they are protecting themselves from being categorized as abnormal, odd, or deviant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=de Oliveira|first1=J. M.|last2=Costa|first2=C. G.|last3=Nogueira|first3=C.|date=2013|title=The Workings of Homonormativity: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Discourses on Discrimination and Public Displays of Affections in Portugal|journal=Journal of Homosexuality|volume=60|issue=10|pages=1475–1493|doi=10.1080/00918369.2013.819221|pmid=24059969|s2cid=6744382}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although same-sex marriage has been legal in Portugal since June 2010 (see [[Same-sex marriage in Portugal]]), LGBT people still refrain from public displays of affection for the most part.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> In a [[Colorado]] high school, two [[yearbook]] staff resigned after they were informed that they could not print the relationship page because it had a photo of two females holding hands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/colorado-high-school-controversy-over-gay-pda/vGXNY/|title=Colorado High School Controversy|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082732/http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/colorado-high-school-controversy-over-gay-pda/vGXNY/|archive-date=6 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A spokesman for the [[New York City]] Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project declared in 2007 that &quot;people are still verbally harassed and physically attacked daily for engaging in simple displays of affection in public. Everything changes the minute we kiss&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/fashion/18affection.html?pagewanted=all|title=A Kiss Too Far?|last=Trebay|first=Guy|date=18 February 2007|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Social media==<br /> Expression of a person's feelings towards someone else had previously been limited to written letters, phone calls, or in person. In the modern world, [[social media]] sites such as [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]] are growing, with 1.7 billion users on Facebook&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statisticbrain.com/facebook-statistics/|title=Facebook Company Statistics – Statistic Brain|date=9 May 2017|website=www.statisticbrain.com|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825041303/https://www.statisticbrain.com/facebook-statistics/}}&lt;/ref&gt; and over half a billion Twitter users.{{as of?|date=September 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statisticbrain.com/twitter-statistics/|title=STATS {{!}} Twitter Company Statistics – Statistic Brain|date=September 2016|website=www.statisticbrain.com|access-date=2014-10-03|archive-date=2014-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831121754/http://www.statisticbrain.com/twitter-statistics/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Studies on relationships through Facebook found that, when two individuals who are interested in one another both use Facebook regularly, their relationship progresses in different increments than it would without social media. After two people meet and form an interest, one or both individuals will go on to the other person's Facebook page and get information such as [[relationship status]], pictures, and interests. Once a relationship begins, some couples broadcast their relationship with posts, such as pictures and changing the relationship status.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=J.|last2=Warber|first2=K. M.|last3=Makstaller|first3=D. C.|date=2013|title=The role of Facebook in romantic relationship development: An exploration of Knapp's Relational Stage Model|journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships|volume=30|issue=6|pages=771–794|doi=10.1177/0265407512468370|s2cid=46280853}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> How people show their public displays of affection on social media sites can be indicative of relationship security and [[personality]]. Frequent and recent communication with a romantic partner through different forms of social media is an indicator of relational escalation, whereas limited communication has shown to be an indicator of alienation or relational de-escalation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sosik|first1=V. S.|last2=Bazarova|first2=N. N.|date=2014|title=Relational maintenance on social network sites: How Facebook communication predicts relational escalation.|journal=Computers in Human Behavior|volume=35|pages=124–131|doi=10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.044|s2cid=206615898 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Another study has shown that when someone focuses on relationship status and public displays of affection such as posting about activities with the [[significant other]] or their feelings towards them, that person tends to be more possessive or territorial over their partner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Bowe|first1=G.|date=2010|title=Reading romance: The impact Facebook rituals can have on a romantic relationship.|journal=Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology|volume=1|pages=61–77}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A study found female characters on [[prime-time]] television programs are less likely to demonstrate physical affection if they had a larger body type than thinner female characters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Greenberg|first1=B. S.|last2=Eastin|first2=M.|last3=Hofschire|first3=L.|last4=Lachlan|first4=K.|last5=Brownell|first5=K. D.|year=2003|title=Portrayals of overweight and obese individuals on commercial television|journal=American Journal of Public Health|volume=93|issue=8|pages=1342–1348|citeseerx=10.1.1.530.9981|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.8.1342|pmc=1447967|pmid=12893625}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, even television producers act in a way as to intentionally limit public displays of affection based on the appearance of their actors, and that might affect viewership based on social disapproval.{{speculation inline|date=September 2023}} Regardless of television portrayals, the frequency and intensity of PDA has a tendency to depend upon the cultural context as well as perceived public perceptions of the couple, including their [[age group]], [[racial composition]], [[sexuality]], and relationship centralized activity on social media.{{fact|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Effects on romantic relationships==<br /> [[File:Bruno Gagliasso e Giovana Ewnbank 002.jpg|thumb|upright|Brazilian actors [[Bruno Gagliasso]] and [[Giovanna Ewbank]], who are married, kiss and hug each other publicly while dancing, 2010.]]<br /> <br /> Studies have found physical affection to be associated with positive outcomes in romantic relationships. For instance, it has been related to the formation of attachment bonds and psychological intimacy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Diamond|first1=L. M.|date=2000|title=Are friends as good as lovers? Attachment, physical affection, and effects on cardiovascular arousal in young women's closest relationships|journal=Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B the Sciences and Engineering|volume=60|page=4272}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mackey|first1=R. A.|last2=Diemer|first2=M. A.|last3=O'Brien|first3=B. A.|date=2000|title=Psychological intimacy in the lasting relationships of heterosexual and same-gender couples|journal=Sex Roles|volume=43|issue=3/4|pages=201–227|doi=10.1023/A:1007028930658|s2cid=142528528}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Gulledge|first1=A. K.|last2=Gulledge|first2=M. H.|last3=Stahmann|first3=R. F.|title=Romantic physical affection types and relationship satisfaction|journal=The American Journal of Family Therapy|date=2003|volume=31|issue=4|pages=233–242|doi=10.1080/01926180390201936|s2cid=145484896}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Friendship]]<br /> *[[Indecent exposure]]<br /> *[[Interpersonal relationship]]<br /> *[[Intimacy]]<br /> *[[Intimate relationship]]<br /> *[[Norm (sociology)]]<br /> *[[Platonic love]]<br /> *[[Public sex]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Public display of affection}}<br /> [[Category:Interpersonal attraction]]<br /> [[Category:Intimate relationships]]<br /> [[Category:Kissing]]<br /> [[Category:Public sphere|Display of affection]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Gen:_Chandrayaan&diff=536876 2026-03-18T07:24:20Z

<p>InstaNews: Created new post...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Space Gen- Chandrayaan.jpg<br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | creator = [[Arunabh Kumar]]<br /> | director = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> | producer = Premsheela Kumar&lt;br&gt;N. Kumar<br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = Shubham Sharma&lt;br&gt;Nitin Tiwari<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Nakuul Mehta]]<br /> * [[Shriya Saran]]<br /> }}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 5<br /> | editor = Farooq Hundekar<br /> | cinematography = Shreedutta Namjoshi<br /> | runtime = 45–50 minutes<br /> | network = [[JioHotstar]]<br /> | music = [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br /> | company = [[The Viral Fever]]<br /> | composer = <br /> | executive_producer = Vijay Koshy<br /> | released = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Space Gen: Chandrayaan''''' is a 2026 [[Hindi]]-language Indian television series created by [[Arunabh Kumar]] and produced by Premsheela Kumar and N. Kumar under the banner of [[The Viral Fever]]. Written by Shubham Sharma and Nitin Tiwari and directed by Anant Singh ‘Bhaatu’, the series stars [[Nakuul Mehta]] and [[Shriya Saran]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/nakuul-mehta-and-shriya-sarans-space-gen-chandrayaan-to-debut-on-jiohotstar-on-january-23-aa-9815740.html|title=Nakuul Mehta And Shriya Saran’s Space Gen-Chandrayaan To Debut On JioHotstar On January 23|date=7 January 2026|access-date=7 January 2026|website=News 18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/space-gen-chandrayaan-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-indias-multi-mission-lunar-exploration-programme/a3bf4922e3166|title='Space Gen – Chandrayaan': Nakuul Mehta says 'Bringing the show from inception to release is a journey &amp; a Half'|date=24 January 2026|access-date=24 January 2026|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Based on [[Chandrayaan programme|India’s Chandrayaan lunar exploration programme]], the series dramatizes the period between the failure of the [[Chandrayaan-2]] mission in 2019 and the successful soft landing of [[Chandrayaan-3]] near the Moon’s south pole.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/space-gen-chandrayaan-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-science-fiction-drama/articleshow/126675000.cms|title=Space Gen Chandrayaan’: Release date, OTT platform, cast, plot and all you need to know about the science-fiction drama|date=19 January 2026|access-date=19 January 2026|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered on [[JioHotstar]] on 23 January 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/space-gen-chandrayaan-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-indias-multi-mission-lunar-exploration-programme/a3bf4922e3166|title=Space Gen - Chandrayaan OTT release date: When and where to watch India's multi-mission lunar exploration programme|date=29 December 2025|access-date=19 January 2026|website=OTT Play}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/nakuul-mehta-starrer-space-gen-chandrayaan-to-premiere-on-jiohotstar-on-january-23-101767773534152.html|title=Nakuul Mehta-starrer 'Space Gen - Chandrayaan' to premiere on JioHotstar on January 23|date=7 January 2026|access-date=7 January 2026|website=Hindustan Timea}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series received mixed reviews from critics, with praise directed towards its intent, performances, and emotional grounding, while criticism focused on its narrative depth, pacing, and execution.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> ''Space Gen: Chandrayaan'' dramatizes events surrounding the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]]’s (ISRO) lunar exploration programme, focusing on the period between the failure of the [[Chandrayaan-2]] lander in 2019 and the successful soft landing of [[Chandrayaan-3]] near the Moon’s south pole. The series opens with the loss of the Vikram lander during the Chandrayaan-2 mission, depicting the immediate aftermath, including public scrutiny, internal evaluation, and the emotional impact on scientists and officials involved in the programme.<br /> <br /> Across its five episodes, the narrative follows a group of ISRO scientists as they address organisational challenges, resource limitations, and the additional disruptions caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. As the team works to redesign and rebuild the lunar lander, the series portrays the process of refining mission protocols, managing setbacks, and maintaining morale, highlighting both the technical demands of space exploration and the human effort behind the mission.<br /> <br /> The final episode centres on the critical hours leading up to the Chandrayaan-3 mission’s soft-landing sequence. It depicts the tense descent of the lander and the eventual confirmation of a successful touchdown at [[Shiv Shakti Point]] on the Moon’s south pole. The series concludes by underscoring themes of resilience, collective determination, and incremental progress following earlier failure.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Nakuul Mehta]] as Arjun Verma<br /> * [[Shriya Saran]] as Yamini Mudaliar<br /> * [[Prakash Belawadi]] as Sudarshan Ramaiah<br /> * [[Danish Sait]] as Jairam Shetty<br /> * [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Madhvi<br /> * [[Gopal Datt|Gopal Dutt]] as Rakesh Mohanty<br /> * [[Meiyang Chang]] as Rohan Tamang<br /> * Shreya Singh as Shaheen <br /> * Vishwajeet Pratap Yadav as Pramod<br /> * [[Saurabh Dwivedi]] as News Anchor<br /> * [[Krishna Solgama]] as Lady News Anchor<br /> * [[Ishita Sharma]] as Meenal<br /> * Awais Ahmed as Awais Ahmed<br /> * Taba Reema as Tara Wangchu<br /> * [[Uday Mahesh]] as Sankaran Nair<br /> * Meenal Kapoor as Ratna Verma<br /> * [[Pratik Gandhi]] as Aakash Bhutani<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#2B0078 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |country= |aux4= |aux4T=Length |episodes=<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |Title = Finding Vikram<br /> |RTitle = <br /> |DirectedBy = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> |WrittenBy = Shubham Sharma, Nitin Tiwari<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> |Aux4 = 35 minutes<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #2B0078<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |Title = Man vs Machine<br /> |RTitle = <br /> |DirectedBy = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> |WrittenBy = Shubham Sharma, Nitin Tiwari<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> |Aux4 = 32 minutes<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #2B0078<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |Title = Science Finds a Way<br /> |RTitle = <br /> |DirectedBy = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> |WrittenBy = Shubham Sharma, Nitin Tiwari<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> |Aux4 = 27 minutes<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #2B0078<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |Title = Make in India<br /> |RTitle = <br /> |DirectedBy = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> |WrittenBy = Shubham Sharma, Nitin Tiwari<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> |Aux4 = 27 minutes<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #2B0078<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |Title = Where the Mind is Without Fear<br /> |RTitle = <br /> |DirectedBy = Anant Singh 'Bhaatu'<br /> |WrittenBy = Shubham Sharma, Nitin Tiwari<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}}<br /> |Aux4 = 33 minutes<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #2B0078<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The series premiered on [[JioHotstar]] on 23 January 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Space Gen: Chandrayaan' trailer Out; Indian Scientists’ comeback story, from Chandrayaan-2 setback to historic success|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/space-gen-chandrayaan-trailer-out-indian-scientists-comeback-story-from-chandrayaan-2-setback-to-historic-success/articleshow/126505367.cms|website=The Times of India|date=13 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Space Gen: Chandrayaan OTT Release Date Confirmed- When And Where To Watch The Documentary Show Online?|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/space-gen-chandrayaan-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-the-documentary-show-online|website=The Free Press Journal|date=14 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Yatamanyu Narain of ''[[News18]]'' rated the series 3.5 out of 5 stars, stating that “''Space Gen: Chandrayaan'' leaves you with a particular kind of uplift: not the loud kind, but the earned kind, built from failure, humiliation, second chances, and stubborn competence.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Yatamanyu|last=Narain|title=Space Gen Chandrayaan Review: Nakuul Mehta Shines In TVF’s Emotionally Rousing Space Saga|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/space-gen-chandrayaan-review-nakuul-mehta-shines-in-tvfs-emotionally-rousing-space-saga-ws-kl-9850238.html|date=23 January 2026|website=News 18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, ''[[The Times of India]]'' critic Archika Khurana also awarded it 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that “It is a respectful, engaging watch that leaves you not with awe alone, but with renewed appreciation for the people who quietly make history possible.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Archika|last=Khurana|title=Space Gen - Chandrayaan Season 1 Review : The journey is the star in this TVF space drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/space-gen-chandrayaan/space-gen-chandrayaan-season-1/seasonreview/126783537.cms|date=23 January 2026|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[Moneycontrol]]'' gave the series 3 out of 5 stars, observing that “''Space Gen: Chandrayaan'' is neither a perfect series nor a poor one. It succeeds in capturing the spirit of the people who made India proud in space exploration.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava|title=Space Gen: Chandrayaan Review: An honest look at ISRO’s triumph, told without enough depth|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/space-gen-chandrayaan-review-an-honest-look-at-isro-s-triumph-told-without-enough-depth-article-13786807.html|date=23 January 2026|website=moneycontrol}}&lt;/ref&gt; Divya Nair of ''[[Rediff.com]]'', who rated it 2.5 out of 5 stars, remarked that “TVF deserves credit for breaking its mould of picking and sticking to favourable and comfortable genres. ''Space Gen'' could serve as a launch pad for more exciting content to come.” &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Divya|last=Nair|title=Review Space Gen: Chandrayaan: You Want To Know More!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/space-gen-chandrayaan-review-you-want-to-know-more/20260123.htm|date=23 January 2026|website=26 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' echoed a similar sentiment with a 2.5 star rating, stating that “''Space Gen: Chandrayaan'' could be a leap for TVF... They have always shone in telling stories about the ground realities of the nation. With their new show, they aim for the skies.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Vinmara|last=Mathur|title=TVF's 'Space Gen – Chandrayaan' Web-Series Review: Nakuul Mehta and Shriya Saran aim for the moon, settle for the ground|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tvfs-space-gen-chandrayaan-web-series-review-nakuul-mehta-and-shriya-saran-aim-for-the-moon-settle-for-the-ground-13971588.html|date=23 January 2026|website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Cinema Express]]'' reviewer BH Harsh rated the series 2 out of 5 stars, noting that “Except Prakash Belawadi’s sincere performance, there is very little to root for in TVF’s latest series.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=BH |last=Harsh |title=Space Gen: Chandrayaan Series Review: Melodramatic, generic, and way too familiar |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2026/Jan/23/space-gen-chandrayaan-series-review-melodramatic-generic-and-way-too-familiar |date=23 January 2026 |website=26 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[OTTplay]]'', also giving it 2 out of 5 stars, wrote that “''Space Gen: Chandrayaan'' humanises ISRO’s journey but suffers from a rushed, one-dimensional execution. Despite Nakuul Mehta’s strong acting, the series lacks depth and feels largely forgettable.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Aishwarya|last=Vasudevan|title=Space Gen: Chandrayaan review - Show that fails to find its orbit and crash lands|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/space-gen-chandrayaan-review-nakuul-mehta-shriya-saran-danish-sait/ac278dc380526|date=23 January 2026|website=OTT Play}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' was particularly critical, observing that “The TVF series dramatising ISRO’s landmark lunar mission is steeped in a lack of curiosity, craft and wonder.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title=‘Space Gen: Chandrayaan’ Series Review: Failure to Launch|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/space-gen-chandrayaan-series-review-failure-to-launch|date=23 January 2026|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing for ''[[India Today]]'', Shweta Keshri described the series as uneven, stating, “It’s a decent watch if you’re curious about India’s space journey, but it never fully takes off. TVF shows are known for keeping it real but this time they seem to have missed the mark.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Shweta |last=Keshari |title=Space Gen Chandrayaan review: Series on India's space moment misses orbit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/space-gen-chandrayaan-review-series-on-indias-space-moment-misses-orbit-2856591-2026-01-23 |date=23 January 2026 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upma Singh of ''[[Navbharat Times]]'' rated the series 2 out of 5 stars and wrote that “overall, the series fails to do justice to its impressive subject.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='स्‍पेस जेन चंद्रयान' रिव्यू: लॉन्‍च तो हो गया, पर चमकने में असफल रहा TVF का यह मून मिशन|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/review/space-gen-chandrayaan-web-series-review-in-hindi-starring-nakuul-mehta-shriya-saran-gopal-datt-prakash-belawadi-on-jiohotstar/moviereview/127246064.cms|website=Navbharat Times|access-date=2026-01-24|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, Kiran Jain of ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' also awarded it 2 out of 5 stars, stating that “the story lacks the depth it should have, and in some places, things feel rushed.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Space Gen Chandrayaan Review: बड़ी कहानी, बड़ा शोर… लेकिन असर नहीं; जरूरत से ज्यादा इमोशन पर असली कहानी गायब|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/space-gen-chandrayaan-web-series-review-shriya-saran-nakul-mehta-gopal-dutt-know-the-story-2026-01-23|website=Amar Ujala|access-date=2026-01-24|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of productions by The Viral Fever]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=39313294}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilish&diff=447116 2026-03-17T09:47:28Z

<p>InstaNews: minor changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of fish related to the herring and other fish such as Shads and Sardines}}<br /> {{Redirect|Hilsa}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = ClupeaIlisha.png<br /> | image2 = BHilsa123.jpg<br /> | status = LC<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Freyhof, J. |date=2014 |title=''Tenualosa ilisha'' |volume=2014 |article-number=e.T166442A1132697 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T166442A1132697.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Global)<br /> | status2 = NT<br /> | status2_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status2_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{cite iucn |last1=Al-Khalaf |first1=K. |last2=Alam |first2=S. |last3=Almukhtar |first3=M. |last4=Bishop |first4=J. |last5=Abdulqader |first5=E. |last6=Alghawzi |first6=Q. |last7=Al-Husaini |first7=M. |last8=Hartmann |first8=S. |last9=Kaymaram |first9=F. |year=2015 |title=''Tenualosa ilisha'' |article-number=e.T166442A75259795}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Persian Gulf]])<br /> | genus = Tenualosa<br /> | species = ilisha<br /> | authority = [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|F. Hamilton]], 1822<br /> | synonyms =<br /> * ''Clupanodon ilisha'' &lt;small&gt;Hamilton, 1822&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Clupea ilisha'' &lt;small&gt;(Hamilton, 1822)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Hilsa ilisha '' &lt;small&gt;(Hamilton, 1822)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Macrura ilisha'' &lt;small&gt;(Hamilton, 1822)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Tenualosa illisha'' &lt;small&gt;(Hamilton, 1822)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Tenualosa illsha'' &lt;small&gt;(Hamilton, 1822)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * ''Clupea palasah'' &lt;small&gt;Cuvier, 1829 &lt;/small&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''ilish''' ('''''Tenualosa ilisha''''') ({{langx|bn|ইলিশ|translit=iliś}}), also known as the '''ilishi''', '''hilsa''', '''pulasa''', '''hilsa herring''' or '''hilsa shad''', is a species of fish related to the [[herring]], in the family [[Clupeidae]]. It is a very popular and sought-after food in the [[Bengal|Bengal region and area]], and is the [[National symbols of Bangladesh|national fish of Bangladesh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Webb |first1=Lois Sinaiko |last2=Roten |first2=Lindsay Grace |year=2009 |title=The Multicultural Cookbook for Students |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fgWrCQAAQBAJ |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-37559-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; and state fish of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=State Fishes of India |url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20&amp;%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf |publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India |access-date=25 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of 2023, 97% of the world's total ilish supply originates in [[Bangladesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The fish contributes about 12% of the total fish production and about 1.15% of GDP in Bangladesh. On 6 August 2017, [[Department of Patents, Designs and Trademarks]] under the [[Ministry of Industries (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Industries]] declared ilish as a [[Geographical Indication]] of Bangladesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/recognition-hilsa-1445266 |title=Recognition for hilsa |date=2017-08-08 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2019-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; About 450,000 people are directly involved in the catching of the fish as a large part of their livelihood; around four to five million people are indirectly involved with the trade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Siddique |first=Abu Bakar |title=Country's 6th Ilish sanctuary coming soon |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/01/19/countrys-6th-ilish-sanctuary-coming-soon |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=23 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Common names==<br /> Other names include jatka, illi, ilish, ellis, palla fish, hilsha, ilih etc. ({{langx|as|ইলীহ/ইলীহি}}: ilih/ilihi, {{langx|bn|ইলিশ|translit=iliś}}, {{langx|gu|મોદાર/પાલ્વા}}: Modar or Palva, {{langx|or|ଇଲିଶି|translit=iliśi}}, [[Sindhi language|Sindhī]]: پلو مڇي pallo machhi, {{langx|ta|பள்ளு மீன்/palla Meen}}, [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: పులస pulasa). The name ilish is also used in India's [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and [[Odia language|Odia]] communities. In [[Iraq]] it is called sboor (صبور). In [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]], it is commonly known as terubok. Since it is comparatively oily and tender, some Malays, especially in northern Johore, call it '{{Not a typo|terubok umno}}' to distinguish it from the toli, which has many tiny bones and is not so oily. {{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} In [[Myanmar]], it is called ({{lang|my|ငါးသလောက်}}) in [[Burmese language|Burmese]] which derives from the [[Mon language]] word ကသလံက် with က in Mon and {{lang|my|ငါး}} in Burmese meaning fish.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haswell |first=J. M. |year=1874 |title=Grammatical Notes and Vocabulary of the Peguan Language |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1STOTdU0uisC&amp;dq=fish+shad&amp;pg=PA31 |location=Rangoon |publisher=American Mission Press |page=31}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Abundance of Hilsa Fish in Bangladesh.svg|alt=Abundance of Ilish in Bangladesh|thumb|Abundance of hilsa fish in Bangladesh]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> Females of the species grow larger than males, with males individuals not reaching over 46&amp;nbsp;cm. Females can reach lengths of up to 55&amp;nbsp;cm. Maturity is generally attained by the end of the first year or the start of the second, with males maturing at sizes of 26–29&amp;nbsp;cm and females at 31–33&amp;nbsp;cm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> It has no dorsal spines but 18 – 21 dorsal soft rays and anal soft rays. The belly has 30 to 33 [[scute]]s. There is a distinct median notch in the upper jaw. Gill rakers fine and numerous, about 100 to 250 on the lower part of the arch and the fins are [[hyaline]]. The fish shows a dark blotch behind gill opening, followed by a series of small spots along the flank in juveniles. While alive, the fish is silver shot with gold and purple.<br /> ==Habitat and breeding==<br /> The fish is marine; freshwater; brackish; [[Pelagic fish|pelagic]]-[[Coastal fish|neritic]]; [[Fish migration|anadromous]]; depth range of about 200 m. Within a tropical range; 34°N - 5°N, 42°E - 97°E in marine and freshwater. It is found in rivers and estuaries in [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Myanmar]] (also known as Burma) and the [[Persian Gulf]] area where it can be found in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in and around [[Iran]] and southern [[Iraq]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Al-Dubakel |first=A. Y. |year=2011 |title=Commercial Fishing and Marketing of Hilsa Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton-Buchanon, 1822) in Basrah -Southern Iraq |url=http://ejfa.info/index.php/ejfa/article/viewFile/6455/3293 |journal=Emirates Journal of Food Agriculture |volume=23 |issue=2 |access-date=22 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522105008/http://ejfa.info/index.php/ejfa/article/viewFile/6455/3293 |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The fish schools in coastal waters and ascends up the rivers (anadromous) for around 50 – 100&amp;nbsp;km to spawn during the [[Monsoon of South Asia|southwest monsoons]] (June to September and January to April). Actual peak breeding season of the fish is a topic of debate amongst the researchers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abu Rayhan |first1=Md Sayeed |last2=Rahman |first2=Md Shohanur |last3=Bose |first3=Protick Kumar |last4=Sarower |first4=Md Golam |last5=Ali |first5=Muhammad Yousuf |date=2023-09-01 |title=Estimating peak breeding season, size at first maturity and variation in fecundity and egg-size at different sizes of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=9 |article-number=e19420 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19420 |doi-access=free |pmid=37681140 |pmc=10481282 |bibcode=2023Heliy...919420A |issn=2405-8440}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After spawning, they return to the sea which are known as ''Jatka'' in Bangladesh (fish size up to 9&amp;nbsp;cm), although some stocks remain resident in rivers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=M. S. |date=1989 |title=The life history and fishery of hilsa in Bangladesh and their implication for management |journal=Fishbyte |language=En |hdl=20.500.12348/3274 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since the 1900s, numerous efforts have been made to breed and cultivate hilsa across South Asia, especially in India and Bangladesh. However, no significant success has been achieved in completing the fish's life cycle in captivity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sahoo |first1=Amiya Kumar |last2=Wahab |first2=Md. Abdul |last3=Phillips |first3=Michael |last4=Rahman |first4=Anisur |last5=Padiyar |first5=Arun |last6=Puvanendran |first6=Velmurugu |last7=Bangera |first7=Rama |last8=Belton |first8=Ben |last9=De |first9=Dilip Kumar |last10=Meena |first10=Dharmendra Kumar |last11=Behera |first11=Bijay Kumar |last12=Sharma |first12=Anil Prakash |last13=Bhaumik |first13=Utpal |last14=Mohanty |first14=Bimal Prasanna |last15=Choudhury |first15=Sampurna Roy |date=4 April 2016 |title=Breeding and culture status of Hilsa ( Tenualosa ilisha, Ham. 1822) in South Asia: a review |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/raq.12149 |journal=Reviews in Aquaculture |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=96–110 |doi=10.1111/raq.12149 |issn=1753-5123|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Feeding habit===<br /> The species filter feeds on [[plankton]] and forages in muddy bottoms.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tenualosa ilisha |url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=1596&amp;AT=ilisha |website=FishBase}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its diet primarily consists of [[Diatom|Bacillariophyceae]] (diatoms), [[Chlorophyceae]] (green algae), and [[crustacean]]s (Copepoda and Cladocera). While adults generally feed on Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, juveniles primarily depend on crustaceans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Kaisir Mohammad Moinul Hasan |author2=Zoarder Faruque Ahmed |author3=Md Abdul Wahab |author4=Essam Yassin Mohammed |title=Food and feeding ecology of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in Bangladesh's Meghna River basin |url=https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/16609IIED.pdf |journal=International Institute for Environment and Development |access-date=23 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> <br /> The fish is found in 11 countries: [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Myanmar]], [[Pakistan]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Bahrain]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Thailand]]. Bangladesh is the top hilsa-producing country in the world, followed by Myanmar and then India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Hena |last2=DebRoy |first2=Piyashi |last3=Kunui |first3=Arghya |last4=Nandy |first4=Saurav Kumar |last5=Jana |first5=Chayna |last6=Sahoo |first6=Amiya Kumar |last7=Das |first7=Basanta Kumar |date=2024-02-07 |title=Hilsa fisheries in India: a socio-economic analysis of fishers in deltaic Ganga region of river Hooghly |journal=Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |language=English |volume=8 |article-number=1310077 |doi=10.3389/fsufs.2024.1310077 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024FrSFS...810077C |issn=2571-581X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An estimated 97% of the total hilsa catch comes from Bangladesh. Ilish production in the country increased by 92% from 2008 to 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-10-11 |title=Hilsa production increased by 92% in 15 years: Fisheries minister |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/hilsa-production-increased-92-15-years-fisheries-minister-716298 |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Current status in Bangladesh ==<br /> According to the ''IUCN Red List of Bangladesh (2000)'', the hilsa fish is not currently considered a threatened species in the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;জ্ঞানকোষ&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ataur Rahman |first=A. K. |title=Bangladesh Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna |chapter=Freshwater Fishes |volume=23 |edition=1st |editor1-last=Ahmed |editor1-first=Zia Uddin |editor2-last=Abu Tayeb |editor2-first=Abu Ahmad |editor3-last=Humayun Kabir |editor3-first=Syed Mohammad |editor4-last=Ahmad |editor4-first=Monaowar |location=Dhaka |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |date=October 2009 |pages=23–24}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Hilsa Fish in Dhaka-9 (cropped).jpg|alt=Ilish fish|thumb|Freshly caught ilish fish (hilsa), neatly arranged at a bustling local fish market in Dhaka, Bangladesh.]]However, due to a decline in hilsa numbers, the government imposed a ban in 2002 on catching both brood hilsa and juvenile hilsa (jatka). A fishing ban during the breeding season was also introduced.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87/a-59284262|title=Hilsa Goes to India, Prices Rise in Bangladesh – DW|website=DW.COM|language=bn-BD|access-date=2021-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As a result, while hilsa production has declined in 10 other countries due to overfishing and pollution, in Bangladesh the catch has increased by 8–10% annually up to 2021. Among the 11 hilsa-producing nations, Bangladesh ranks first in the world.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/458796 Hilsa Production Leads the World – Jugantor, August 28, 2021]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Contribution of hilsa to the economy ===<br /> In the 2022–23 fiscal year, hilsa production reached 565,000 metric tons. In 2023–24, it rose slightly to 571,000 metric tons.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/zvevei7vee | title=যে কারণে ছোট হয়ে আসছে বাংলাদেশের ইলিশ | date=12 July 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hilsa contributes around 1% to Bangladesh's GDP. Annual exports bring in nearly 3 billion BDT in foreign currency. Around 86% of the world's total hilsa catch comes from Bangladesh.<br /> <br /> [[File:Hilsa (Ilish) fishes for sale at fish market in Domjur, Howrah, West Bengal, India, photographed by Yogabrata Chakraborty, on June 22, 2022.jpg|thumb|Hilsa fishes for sale at fish market in [[West Bengal]], India.]]In 2008–09, the country produced 299,000 metric tons of hilsa, which increased to 550,000 metric tons in 2019–20. This accounts for approximately 12% of total fish production in Bangladesh. The current market value is about 210 billion BDT.<br /> <br /> Over the past 10 years, hilsa production has increased by 66%.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/sub-editorial/473985 Hilsa's Major Contribution to the Economy – Jugantor, October 9, 2021]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> About 2.5 million people are directly or indirectly involved in hilsa-related sectors such as harvesting, transportation, marketing, and retail. The hilsa fish plays a major role in employment generation and poverty alleviation, particularly in coastal and island regions.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/economics/228631 Hilsa's Growing Economic Contribution – Jugantor, October 6, 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, Bangladesh exported 1,300 metric tons of hilsa to India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/699780 | title=এবার বাংলাদেশের কাছে ইলিশ পাঠানোর আবদার ভারতের }}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Gill_of_Tenualosa_ilisha.jpg|thumb|Comblike [[gill raker]] in the gill of ''Tenualosa ilisha'']]<br /> <br /> Fishing bans are enforced in the following periods:<br /> * In India: April 15 – June 14 (61 days), varies by region.<br /> * In Myanmar: May 16 – August 31 (91 days).<br /> * In Bangladesh: May 20 – July 23 (65 days).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2024-09-16/A0FS4DMs | title=বাংলাদেশে নিষেধাজ্ঞা, ইলিশ নিয়ে যাচ্ছে ভারতের জেলেরা &amp;#124; বাংলাদেশ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Food value==<br /> [[File:Ilish Bhaat.jpg|thumb|Rice and hilsha fish fry with lentils and fried aubergine]]<br /> The fish is popular food amongst the people of South Asia and in the Middle East, but especially with [[Bengali people|Bengalis]], [[Odia people|Odias]] and [[Telugu people|Telugus]] of [[Coastal Andhra]]. {{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} Bengali fish curry is a popular dish made with mustard oil or seed. The [[Bengalis]] popularly call this dish [[Shorshe Ilish]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} It is very popular in [[Bengal]] ([[Bangladesh]] and India's [[West Bengal]]), as well as in [[Odisha]], [[Tripura]], [[Assam]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} It is also exported globally.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> Ilish collected from Bangladesh is regarded the finest of all, celebrated for its size and subtle taste.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=What ilish, a fish, says about India-Bangladesh relations |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/09/12/what-ilish-a-fish-says-about-india-bangladesh-relations |access-date=2024-09-18 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In North America (where ilish is not always readily available) other [[shad]] fish are sometimes used as an ilish substitute, especially in [[Bengali cuisine]]. This typically occurs near the East coast of North America, where fresh shad fish, which tastes similar to ilish, can be found.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> In Bangladesh, fish are caught in the [[Meghna river|Meghna]]-[[Jamuna River|Jamuna]] delta,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Highway extortion responsible for surge in Ilish prices |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2016/apr/14/highway-extortion-responsible-surge-ilish-prices |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=3 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; which flows into the [[Bay of Bengal]] and Meghna (lower [[Brahmaputra]]), and [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)|Jamuna]] rivers.<br /> <br /> In India, [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]] (which has the ''[[Kolaghat]]er hilsa''), [[Hooghly river|Hooghly]], [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.biosearch.in/publicOrganismPage.php?id=113036 |title=Bioinformatics Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India |publisher=Biosearch.in |date=1 February 2012 |access-date=22 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506014920/http://www.biosearch.in/publicOrganismPage.php?id=113036 |archive-date=6 May 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Narmada]] and [[Godavari]] rivers and the [[Chilika Lake]] are famous for their fish yields.<br /> <br /> In the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, hilsa takes on a special significance. Here, the term &quot;pulasa&quot; refers specifically to the larger, mature hilsa that migrate upstream along the Godavari River. This migratory journey is crucial, as it's believed that the Godavari's unique muddy waters contribute to the development of a richer flavour and firmer texture in the fish, compared to hilsa caught elsewhere. Due to this perceived superior quality and its limited seasonal availability (typically monsoon season), pulasa commands a significantly higher price and cultural importance in Andhra Pradesh. It is considered a rich delicacy, often referred to as the &quot;king of fish&quot; in Godavari Areas and features in celebratory meals and as a prized gift. The upstream migration itself is seen as a vital natural process, and the pulasa a reward for the patient fishermen who wait for its arrival.<br /> <br /> In Pakistan, most hilsa fish are caught in the [[Indus River Delta]] in [[Sindh]]. They are also caught in the sea, but some consider the marine stage of the fish as not so tasty. The fish has very sharp and tough bones, making it problematic to eat for some.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> Ilish is an [[oily fish]] rich in [[omega 3 fatty acids]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Mohanty |first1=Bimal |last2=Das |first2=Soma |last3=Bhaumik |first3=Utpal |last4=Sharma |first4=Anil |date=March 2011 |title=Tenualosa ilisha: A rich source of omega-3 PUFAs |url=http://www.cifri.res.in/Bulletins/Bulletin%20No.171.pdf |journal=Bulletin |issue=171 |publisher=Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute |issn=0970-616X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Recent experiments have shown its beneficial effects in decreasing cholesterol level in rats&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Banerjee I, Saha S, Dutta J |title=Comparison of the effects of dietary fish oils with different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions on plasma and liver lipids in rats |journal=Lipids |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=425–8 |date=June 1992 |pmid=1630277 |doi=10.1007/BF02536383 |s2cid=4033041}}&lt;/ref&gt; and insulin level.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahmud I, Hossain A, Hossain S, Hannan A, Ali L, Hashimoto M |title=Effects of ''Hilsa ilisa'' fish oil on the atherogenic lipid profile and glycaemic status of streptozotocin-treated type 1 diabetic rats |journal=Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. |volume=31 |issue=1–2 |pages=76–81 |year=2004 |pmid=14756688 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&amp;sid=nlm:pubmed&amp;issn=0305-1870&amp;date=2004&amp;volume=31&amp;issue=1-2&amp;spage=76 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105074726/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&amp;sid=nlm:pubmed&amp;issn=0305-1870&amp;date=2004&amp;volume=31&amp;issue=1-2&amp;spage=76 |archive-date=2013-01-05 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03953.x |s2cid=25883400|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Bengal]] and [[Odisha]], ilish can be smoked, fried, steamed or baked in young [[Plantain (cooking)|plantain]] leaves, prepared with [[mustard seed]] paste, curd, [[aubergine]], different condiments like [[cumin|jira]] (cumin) and so on. It is said that people can cook ilish in more than 50 ways.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=216 easy and tasty hilsa recipes by home cooks |url=https://cookpad.com/in/search/hilsa |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Cookpad |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilish [[roe]] is also popular as a side dish. Ilish can be cooked in very little oil since the fish itself is very oily.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karmakar |first=Rekha |date=2015-09-09 |title=A Fish Lover's Guide To Cooking Hilsa |url=https://www.indiafoodnetwork.in/food-stories/a-fish-lovers-guide-to-cooking-hilsa/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.indiafoodnetwork.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ilish in culture==<br /> [[File:ঐতিহ্যবাহী সর্ষে ইলিশ.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Shorshe ilish]]'', a dish of smoked ilish with [[mustard seeds]], has been an important part of [[Bengali cuisine]].]]<br /> * Ilish is the national fish of [[Bangladesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * In [[Andhra Pradesh]], the saying goes &quot;Pustelu ammi ayina Pulasa tinocchu&quot;, meaning roughly &quot;It's worth eating Pulasa/Ilish even if you have to sell your [[mangala sutra]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/what-the-fish-godavari-pulasa-selling-for-rs-4000-per-kg/articleshow/60251761.cms |title=What the fish! Godavari Pulasa selling for Rs 4,000 per kg |work=The Times of India |access-date=2018-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hilsa is also known as pulasa in Godavari districts of the state. The name Pulasa stays with the fish for a limited period between July–Sept of a year, when floods raise the Godavari River. This time the fish is in high demand and sometimes $100 per kilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajahmundry/Pulasa-season-starts-early/articleshow/53124756.cms |title=Pulasa season starts early |work=The Times of India |access-date=2018-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In many [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] families a pair of ilish fishes (Bengali: ''Jora Ilish'') are bought on auspicious days, for example for special prayers or [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] days like for the Hindu Goddess of music, art and knowledge [[Saraswati Puja]], which takes place in the beginning of spring or on the day of [[Lakshmi Puja]] (the Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity) which takes place in autumn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=24 May 2014 |title=Ilish... a love story |newspaper=dna |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/column-ilish-a-love-story-1990784 |access-date=3 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some people offer the fish to the goddess [[Lakshmi]], without which the Puja is sometimes thought to be incomplete. It is often given as gifts (Bengali: ''tattwa'') in Bengali weddings.<br /> [[File:Hilsha Fish Fry from Mawa ghat.webm|100px|thumb|right|Ilish is fried on mustard oil]]<br /> * Hilsa is also known in [[Sindh]] as Pallo Machi and is important part of [[Sindhi cuisine]], prepared with numerous cooking methods. It can be deep fried and garnished with local spices, can be cooked with onions and potatoes into a traditional fish meal or barbequed. The fish often has roe, which is called &quot;aani&quot; in Sindhi and is enjoyed as a delicacy. Often fried alongside the palla and served with the fish fillets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Khan |first=M. Hussain |date=2 April 2019 |title=The palla, the shrine, the catch and the cook |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1204243 |work=Dawn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/10-reasons-to-get-invited-to-a-sindhi-household-for-dinner-1670547 |title=10 Reasons to Get Invited to a Sindhi Household for Dinner |last=Karmakar |first=Kalyan |date=24 April 2018 |website=NDTV Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Pritha |date=9 July 2017 |title=A fishy fable: If it's monsoon, it must rain hilsas |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/a-fishy-fable-if-its-monsoon-it-must-rain-hilsas-4741945/ |work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The rivalry of [[East Bengal Club]] and [[Mohun Bagan]], two football clubs of [[Kolkata]], is celebrated by food. When East Bengal wins, an ilish (hilsha) dish is cooked by the East Bengal supporters. Similarly, when Mohun Bagan wins, a chingri ([[prawn]]) dish is prepared by the Mohun Bagan supporters.&lt;ref&gt;Sen, Shomini (7 September 2016). &quot;East Bengal vs Mohun Bagan: The War Between Hilsa and Prawns&quot;. News18. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; These items often occur in the tifos of these respective clubs.<br /> <br /> ==Overfishing==<br /> <br /> Due to the demand and popularity of this species, [[overfishing]] is rampant. Fishes weighing around 2 to 3 kilograms have become rare in India, as even the smaller fish are caught using finer fishing nets as production in Bangladesh have increased.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Reshmi R. |date=13 August 2012 |title=Bengalis are loving Ilish to extinction |url=http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/SilkStalkings/entry/bengalis-are-loving-ilish-to-extinction |work=The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; As a consequence of this, prices of the fish have risen. In the past ilish were not harvested between [[Vijaya Dashami]] and [[Saraswati Puja]] due to some informal customs of [[Odia people|Odia]] and [[Bengali Hindus]] as it is the breeding period of the fish. But as disposable incomes grew, wealthier consumers abandoned the old traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mazumdar |first=Jaideep |date=1 September 2008 |title=The Last Ilish Curry |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?238289 |magazine=Outlook}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The advent of finer [[fishing nets]] and advanced [[trawling]] techniques, and [[environmental degradation]] of the rivers, has worsened the situation. Fishermen have been ignoring calls to at least leave the juvenile &quot;jatka&quot; alone to repopulate the species. The fishing of the young jatka is now illegal in [[Bangladesh]]. This ban however has resulted in a rise in unemployment, as around 83,000 fishermen are unable to pursue their former livelihood for eight months every year. It has also led to the creation of a black market where jatka are sold for exorbitant prices.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Moitra |first=Kalyan |date=1 July 2002 |title=Hilsa may soon become endangered: Experts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Hilsa-may-soon-become-endangered-Experts/articleshow/14593097.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701060646/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-07-01/kolkata/27293404_1_hilsa-fingerlings-indiscriminate-fishing |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=1 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, the changes brought about by [[global warming]] have led to a gradual depletion of the ilish's breeding grounds, reducing populations of the fish even further.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.celsias.com/article/bangladeshs-hilsa-fish-acts-early-warning-climate/ |title=Bangladesh's Hilsa Fish Acts as Early Warning of Climate Change |access-date=2013-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522103819/http://www.celsias.com/article/bangladeshs-hilsa-fish-acts-early-warning-climate/ |archive-date=22 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pollution in rivers have worsened the situation, but due to slightly better waters the fishes are found more near Bangladesh delta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Hilsa Fish: অসুস্থ গঙ্গা থেকে মুখ ফিরিয়ে মায়ানমার পাড়ি দিচ্ছে ইলিশের ঝাঁক |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/india/due-to-some-geological-factors-in-ganges-hilsa-fish-are-migrating-towards-myanmar/cid/1303419 |access-date=2021-09-24 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Owing to this situation ilish is used as a diplomatic trade item, most recently in the distribution of [[COVID-19]] vaccines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |script-title=bn:ভ্যাকসিন নেই, তাই ইলিশও নেই! |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87/a-57988675 |access-date=2021-09-25 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=2021-06-22 |language=bn-BD}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bangladesh has regularly imposed restrictions on the export of ilish abroad, citing its scarcity. Despite this, Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] periodically lifted the ban to allow the annual export and gifted of 3,000-5,000 tonnes of fish to India during the [[Durga Puja]], popularly known as &quot;Hilsa Diplomacy&quot;. Since the fall of the Hasina government, the [[Yunus interim government|interim government]] of Bangladesh has imposed a ban on ilish exports,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 September 2024 |title='Fish diplomacy' setback for India and Bangladesh |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2l15j4dq9po |access-date=11 September 2024 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was partially lifted on 21 September 2024 to allow for the export of 3,000 tonnes of fish for Durga Puja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 September 2024 |title=Fishy business caught by fraying India-Bangladesh ties |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240924-fishy-business-caught-by-fraying-india-bangladesh-ties |access-date=24 September 2024 |publisher=France 24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Bangladeshi cuisine]]<br /> * [[Bengali cuisine]]<br /> * [[Cuisine of Odisha]]<br /> * [[Environmental impact of fishing]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Tenualosa ilisha}}<br /> {{Wikispecies|Tenualosa ilisha}}<br /> * [http://harunbfdc.blogspot.com Hilsa Research in the Bay of Bengal]<br /> * [http://en.bdfish.org/?s=Tenualosa+ilisha ''Tenualosa ilisha''].[[BdFISH]]<br /> * {{ITIS |id=551297 |taxon=Tenualosa ilisha |access-date=6 June 2006}}<br /> * [http://www.IlishHut.com/ Ilish Hut (ইলিশ হাট)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328123531/http://www.ilishhut.com/ |date=28 March 2019 }} – online Ilish fish selling website in Bangladesh<br /> * {{cite journal |vauthors=Mazumder SK, Alam MS |date=January–March 2009 |title=High levels of genetic variability and differentiation in hilsa shad, ''Tenualosa ilisha'' (Clupeidae, Clupeiformes) populations revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region |journal=Genet Mol Biol |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=190–196 |pmc=3032976 |doi=10.1590/S1415-47572009005000023 |pmid=21637667}}<br /> * {{cite journal |vauthors=Roomiani L, Sotudeh AM, Hakimi Mofrad R |date=October 2013 |title=Reproductive biology of Hilsa shad (''Tenualosa ilisha'') in coastal Waters of the Northwest of Persian Gulf |url=http://www.jifro.ir/files/site1/user_files_eb12be/eng/fallahi-A-10-1272-74-9886856.pdf |journal=Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=201–2015}}<br /> <br /> {{Commercial fish topics}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q1709642}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal}}<br /> {{Geographical indications in Bangladesh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geographical indications in Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Tenualosa]]<br /> [[Category:Fish described in 1822]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Cuisine of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Fish of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Commercial fish]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ei_Chheleta_Bhelbheleta&diff=498245 2026-03-14T14:44:36Z

<p>InstaNews: Started initial entry needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta.png<br /> | image_size =<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | alt_name = <br /> | genre = [[Drama]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Romance (love)|Romance]]<br /> | creator = [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]<br /> | based_on = <br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]<br /> | director = Saibal Banerjee<br /> | creative_director = <br /> | presenter = <br /> | starring = Prapti Chatterjee &lt;br /&gt; [[Somraj Maity]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Nabanita Malakar]]<br /> | judges = <br /> | narrated = <br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | voices = <br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Saibal Banerjee<br /> | editor = <br /> | location = [[Kolkata]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]<br /> | network = [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 478<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2016|03|28}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|07|23}}<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta''''' ({{Translation|This boy is fidgety}}) a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] television [[Drama Series]] that premiered on 28 March 2016 to 23 July 2017 and aired on [[Zee Bangla]]. The show was produced by [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]], it starred Prapti Chatterjee and [[Somraj Maity]] in lead roles, [[Nabanita Malakar]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], [[Anusuya Majumdar]], [[Shankar Chakraborty]] and [[Bharat Kaul]] in supporting roles. The show got replaced by a show [[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/the-character-of-shaluk-has-set-benchmark-my-career-prapti-chatterjee-170330|title=The character of Shaluk has set a benchmark in my career: Prapti Chatterjee|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://progotirbangla.com/nabanita-malakar-he-villain-of-ay-cheleta-velveleta-made-a-comeback-after-a-long-time-in-the-new-serial/|title=বহুদিন বাদে প্রথম সারির চ্যানেলের নতুন ধারাবাহিকে কামব্যাক করলেন 'এই ছেলেটা ভেলভেলেটা'-তে খলনায়িকা নবনীতা মালাকার|website=Progotir Bangla|date=16 November 2022 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ebela.in/entertainment/bengali-serial-ei-cheleta-bhelbheleta-celebrates-one-year-anniversary-dgtl-1.591438 |script-title=bn:‘এই ছেলেটা ভেলভেলেটা’-র সেটে হই চই, সেলিব্রেশন, দেখুন ভিডিও |publisher=Ebela |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/death-drama-zee-banglas-ei-chheleta-bhelbheleta-160428|title=Death drama in Zee Bangla's Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/zee-banglas-ei-chheleta-velveleta-team-shoots-panchalingeswar-170616|title=Zee Bangla's Ei Chheleta Velveleta team shoots in Panchalingeswar|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/somraj-prapti-grace-zee-bangla-s-apur-sansar-170525|title=Somraj- Prapti to grace Zee Bangla's Apur Sansar|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/new-track-of-ei-chheleta-velveleta-focus-shaluk-s-education-170112|title=New track of Ei Chheleta Velveleta to focus on Shaluk's education|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/emotional-drama-zee-banglas-ei-chheleta-velveleta-160617|title=Emotional drama in Zee Bangla's Ei Chheleta Velveleta|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The show's unique name has been taken from common Bengali childhood rhyme. It truly captures the free-spirited love and chemistry between the protagonists - Abir and Shaluk. Life takes a turn when introvert city-bred boy 'Abir' meets the vivacious village girl 'Shaluk'. Their unusual friendship clicks in an instant and soon a sweet innocent chemistry develops between the two. Soon they realize their feelings towards each other. Thus, starts the story of their 'first love'. 'Eii Chhele Ta Bhelbhele Ta' is a tale of love, which follows the protagonists through myriad of situations and sees them unite against all odds. The story showcases a pure love story between two teenagers and how their love matures over time and rises above the different obstacles of life.<br /> <br /> ;Two years leap<br /> Two years later, Aishwarya is jailed and then after some days Shaluk becomes pregnant. There is happiness back In Shaluk's family. Later, Aishwarya makes a comeback as a new avatar of Shoroshoti to ruin Shaluk's happiness. She then tries to kill Shaluk. Later Shaluk is hospitalized and gives birth to a baby boy and Aishwarya's true colors are revealed in front of everyone.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Bengali/tv-serials/ei-chheleta-bhelbheleta/all-cast-and-crew|title=Bengali Tv Serial Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta - Full Cast and Crew|website=NETTV4U}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Prapti Chatterjee &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/prapti-chatterjee-s-secrets-revealed-170611|title=Prapti Chatterjee's secrets revealed!!!|website=Tellychakkar}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Shaluk- Abir's wife <br /> * [[Somraj Maity]] as Abir- Shaluk's husband<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> * [[Nabanita Malakar]] as Aishwarya aka ''Mimi'' <br /> * [[Sabitri Chatterjee]] as Shaluk's maternal grandmother<br /> * [[Anusuya Majumdar]] as Jaan - Abir's paternal grandmother<br /> * [[Rita Dutta Chakraborty]] as Shaluk's maternal aunt<br /> * Shaktipada Dey as Shaluk's maternal uncle<br /> * [[Shankar Chakraborty]] as Tirtha-Abir's father<br /> * Rajasree Bhowmick as Kamalini, Abir's mother<br /> * [[Bharat Kaul]] as Abinash Sen - Shaluk and Aishwariya's father, a doctor<br /> * Ritoja Majumder as Aishwariya's mother<br /> * Suchismita Chowdhury as Nilanjana, Akash and Pupe's mother, Dipu's wife<br /> * Surajit Banerjee as Dipu-Akash and Pupe's father, Abir's younger paternal uncle<br /> * Diganta Bagchi as Bublu- Abir's youngest paternal uncle, a doctor<br /> * [[Samata Das]] as Bublu's wife<br /> * [[Ayesha Bhattacharya]] as Pupe aka Pupe Didi, Abir’s cousin<br /> * Debolina Mukherjee as Dighi aka Ful Di<br /> * Debjani Chakraborty as Nodi aka Ranga Di<br /> * [[Anindya Chatterjee]] as Shourya- Dighi's ex-husband<br /> * Anindita Saha Kapileshwari as Shourya's fake mother<br /> * Rahul Chakraborty as Shourya's fake father<br /> * [[Rajanya Mitra]] as Sonali<br /> * [[Suman Banerjee]] as Partha - Nodi's husband<br /> * Chhanda K Chatterjee as Partha's mother<br /> * Prantik Banerjee as Soumya - Dighi's second husband<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Zee Bangla}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepika_English_Medium_School&diff=495989 2026-03-13T15:58:42Z

<p>InstaNews: Started basic details basic info.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Notability|1=Organizations|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Primary sources|date=March 2026}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = Deepika English Medium School<br /> | image = DEMS Colour Logo.svg<br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | caption = Official Logo<br /> | motto = 'Light the Flame'<br /> | established = 1976<br /> | type = [[primary school|Primary]], [[middle school|middle]], [[secondary school|secondary]]<br /> | location = [[Rourkela]]<br /> | campus = Sector 05<br /> | district = [[Sundergarh]]<br /> | state = [[Odisha]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coordinates =<br /> | affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]<br /> | classes = Class I to class XII<br /> | founder = V.N.N. Paniker<br /> | chairperson = T. G. Kanekar<br /> | principal = Pravin Kumar Sharma &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deepikaemschool.in/static/staff-profile.php|title=Principal of School|publisher=deepikaemschool.in|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002634/http://deepikaemschool.in/static/staff-profile.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | staff = <br /> | enrollment = <br /> | mascot = Netaji, Patel, Nehru, Sashtri<br /> | colours = [[Red]], [[blue]], [[green]], and [[yellow]]&lt;br/&gt;{{color box|#FF0800}} {{color box|#000080}} {{color box|#4CBB17}} {{color box|#EEE600}}<br /> | website = [http://deepikaemschool.in/ deepikaemschool.in] <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Dems campus10.jpg|thumb|Deepika English Medium School]]<br /> '''Deepika English Medium School''' is a co-ed primary, middle, and senior secondary English medium school in sector five of the city [[Rourkela]], in [[Odisha]], [[India]]. The school was opened in 1976. Presently Pravin Kumar Sharma is the principal.<br /> <br /> The school is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE), New Delhi pattern of education, which has Science and Commerce streams at the senior secondary level. The students are prepared for All-India Secondary and Senior Secondary Examinations conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education, [[New Delhi]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> In 1976 the school began imparting primary education curriculum by the help from the women of [[Deepika Mahila Sanghati|Mahila Sangati]] and its founder principal V. N. N. Paniker, who was considered a pioneer in opening of Deepika English Medium School (Primary Section). In 1991, the school opened a new three-storey building with modern infrastructure in a different campus in sector five which had classes from six to twelve.<br /> <br /> The infrastructure is maintained by the administration of [[Rourkela Steel Plant]] management. The school is divided into three sections, primary, middle, and secondary education. The primary section of the school has a different campus for the students from class one to five. The middle and senior secondary school function at another campus with modern infrastructure for classes six to twelve.<br /> <br /> == Campus ==<br /> The high school building comprises a three-storey building with computer centres, a work-experience block; science, maths, commerce, biology, chemistry and physics laboratories; library; basketball courts, cricket grounds, and football fields. The school has a library audio centre called Deepsikha on the premises.<br /> <br /> The school had a complete renovation in the year 2013 in which the classrooms were modernised along with a new sports ground and parking space.<br /> [[File:DEMS (2017).jpg|thumbnail|right|The institute's main entrance gate]]<br /> <br /> == Achievements and activities ==<br /> Activities include:<br /> * Ranked among top 10 best schools in Odisha and Best school in Rourkela<br /> * Inter-school and inter-state games&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deepikaemschool.in/static/hall-of-fame.php|title=Inter-School programs|publisher=deepikaemschool.in|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003105/http://deepikaemschool.in/static/hall-of-fame.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * NCC, Taekwon-Do, Scouts and Guides<br /> * Co-curricular activities&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deepikaemschool.in/static/Co-curricular-activities.php|title=Co-curricular Activities|publisher=deepikaemschool.in|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002916/http://deepikaemschool.in/static/Co-curricular-activities.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Inter-school cultural talent competitions&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deepikaemschool.in/static/Co-curricular-activities.php|title=Talent Program in School|publisher=deepikaemschool.in|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002916/http://deepikaemschool.in/static/Co-curricular-activities.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *Deepika English Medium School (Primary Section)<br /> *[[Deepika Mahila Sanghati]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category|Deepika English Medium School}}<br /> {{Education in Rourkela}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|22.2506381|84.8653346|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Primary schools in India]]<br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Schools in Rourkela]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1976]]<br /> [[Category:1976 establishments in Orissa]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raakilipattu&diff=476054 2026-03-07T04:38:27Z

<p>InstaNews: cleaned up content for accuracy per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Snegithiye]]<br /> <br /> {{R from merge}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2007 films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Priyadarshan]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat_(TV_series)&diff=492934 2026-03-05T23:52:54Z

<p>InstaNews: Started some post initial version.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian crime thriller series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox television<br /> | image = CAT 20022-Non-free-rational.jpg<br /> | image_size =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Crime]]&lt;br&gt;[[Drama]]&lt;br&gt;[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]<br /> | creator = Balwinder Singh Janjua<br /> | writer = Balwinder Singh Janjua&lt;br /&gt; Rupinder Chahal &lt;br /&gt; Anil Rodhan &lt;br /&gt; Jimmy Singh (Anutej Singh)<br /> | director = Balwinder Singh Janjua&lt;br /&gt; Rupinder Chahal&lt;br /&gt; Jimmy Singh (Anutej Singh)<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Randeep Hooda]]|Suvinder Vicky | Hasleen Kaur | [[Geeta Agarwal Sharma]] | Dakssh Ajit Singh | Danish Sood | Jaipreet Singh | Sukhwinder Chahal | KP Singh | [[Kavya Thapar]]}}<br /> | narrated = <br /> | theme_music_composer = Rakesh Vema<br /> | composer = Joel Crasto<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Punjabi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 8<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Balwinder Singh Janjua &lt;br /&gt; Panchali Chakraverty<br /> | cinematography = [[Arvind Krishna (cinematographer)|Arvind Krishna]]<br /> | editor = Umesh Gupta<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 45 minutes<br /> | company = Movie Tunnel Production&lt;br /&gt; Jelly Bean Entertainment<br /> | channel = [[Netflix]]<br /> | released = {{Start date|2022|12|09|df=y}}<br /> | opentheme = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Cat''''' (stylized in [[all caps]]) is a 2022 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language [[Crime fiction|crime thriller]] television series created and written by Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan and Jimmy Singh for [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |others=Bollywood Hungama |title=Randeep Hooda to headline Netflix revenge crime thriller series CAT : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/randeep-hooda-to-headline-netflix-revenge-crime-thriller-series-cat/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=10 December 2022 |language=en |date=22 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[Randeep Hooda]], Suvinder Vicky, Hasleen Kaur, [[Geeta Agarwal Sharma]], [[Dakssh Ajit Singh]], [[Danish Pratap Sood|Danish Sood]], Jaipreet Singh, Sukhwinder Chahal, KP Singh and [[Kavya Thapar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kaur |first=Gurpreet |title=The 'CAT' Is Finally Out Of The Bag! Randeep Hooda Starrer To Release On December 9, 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/the-cat-is-finally-out-of-the-bag-randeep-hooda-starrer-to-release-on-december-9-2022-news-236581 |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=11 November 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=CAT Web Series (2022) {{!}} Release Date, Review, Cast, Trailer, Watch Online at Netflix |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/cat-web-series-106113 |website=Gadgets 360 |access-date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This is the first streaming series of Hooda and Netflix first [[List of Netflix India originals|India originals]] in Punjabi language''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Priyanka |title=Randeep Hooda makes his web series debut with CAT, premiering on Netflix today |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/randeep-hooda-makes-his-web-series-debut-with-cat-premiering-on-netflix-today/cid/1902765 |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]] |date=December 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Gurnam, who worked as a [[Informant|CAT]] for the police, during the Insurgency of the 1990s in [[Punjab]], saves his brother Sunny from a drug peddling case with the help of a cop named Sehtab Singh. Gurnam is again hired by Sehtab to work as a [[espionage|spy]] and provide information about the drug-peddling activities in the city. While working with Sehtab, Gurnam discovers that his parents' killer Baljit Singh Rajpuria and Sehtab are in cahoots together. This information enrages Gurnam, where he forgets his mission and is now hell-bent on avenging his parents' death.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Randeep Hooda]] as Gurnam Singh/Gary, informer of police inspector Sehtab Singh<br /> ** Abhishant Rana as teen Gary<br /> * [[Danish Pratap Sood|Danish Sood]] as Sunny/Sarabjit Singh, Gurnam's brother&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |agency=IANS |title=Randeep Hooda Is 'A Treat To Work With,' Says Danish Sood |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/randeep-hooda-is-a-treat-to-work-with-says-danish-sood-news-243616/amp |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=December 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Suvinder Vicky as Inspector Sehtab Singh, Police station Jalandhar, Punjab Police<br /> * [[Geeta Agarwal Sharma]] as Madam Aulakh<br /> ** [[Neha Pawar]] as young Madam Aulakh <br /> * [[Kavya Thapar]] as Kimi Aulakh, Madam Aulakh's daughter<br /> * Rehmat Ratan as Keerat Aulakh, Madam Aulakh's daughter<br /> * [[Ajay Bhardwaj]] as Darbara Singh Aulakh<br /> * Varun Narang as SSP Kamlesh Arora<br /> * KP Singh as Jaggi Pradhan<br /> * Sonpreet Jhawanda as Bikramjeet Singh, STF Inspector<br /> * Gurinder Makna as Baljit Singh Rajpuria/Bill<br /> * Jaipreet Singh as Shamsher Singh<br /> * Sukhwinder Chahal as Mukhtyar Singh<br /> * Pramod Pathak as Police Inspector Chandan Kumar<br /> * [[Dakssh Ajit Singh]] as Lakhwinder Singh/Laadi<br /> * Coral Bhamra as Sweety<br /> * [[Hasleen Kaur]] as sub-inspector Babita<br /> * Manish Gulati as Monty Singh<br /> * Eklavey Kashyap as Rocky Ranjha<br /> * Elisha Mayor as Seher Batra<br /> * Sachin Negi as Heera<br /> * Ramandeep Yadav as Saaba<br /> * [[Emily R Acland]] as Natalia<br /> <br /> == Filming ==<br /> The season 1 of the series was shot over 80 locations across Punjab and no single scene was shot on a set.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kaur |first=Gurpreet |title='CAT': Five Reasons To Binge Watch Netflix's Action-Packed Series Starring Randeep Hooda |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-cat-five-reasons-to-binge-watch-netflix-s-action-packed-series-starring-randeep-hooda-news-243685 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Rupesh |others=JAGRAN NEWS |title=CAT Review: रणदीप हुड्डा की वेब सीरीज कैट लगेगी रियल और आएगा देखने में मजा |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/cat-review-randeep-hooda-web-series-cat-is-real-life-thrill-and-fun-to-watch-read-full-news-23251403.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |others=Archana |title=CAT Season 1 Release Date, OTT, Star Cast, Trailer, Plot &amp; More Details |url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/cat-season-1-release-date-ott-star-cast-trailer-plot-more |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=JanBharat Times |date=9 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; |episodes= <br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |Title = The Deal<br /> |DirectedBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000056<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |Title = The Invasion<br /> |DirectedBy = Rupinder Chahal<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |Title = The Imposter<br /> |DirectedBy = Jimmy Singh<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |Title = The Takeover<br /> |DirectedBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |Title = The Crossroad<br /> |DirectedBy = Jimmy Singh<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |Title = The Escape<br /> |DirectedBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |Title = The Deceit<br /> |DirectedBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> |Title = The Masterplan<br /> |DirectedBy = Rupinder Chahal<br /> |WrittenBy = Balwinder Singh Janjua, Rupinder Chahal, Anil Rodhan, Jimmy Singh<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|9}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> CAT released on [[Netflix]] on 9 December 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Gabbeta Ranjith |title=Randeep Hooda-led Netflix series CAT to premiere on December 9 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/randeep-hooda-led-netflix-series-cat-to-premiere-on-december-9-8262264/ |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 November 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Anuj Kumar for ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote &quot;In the beginning, Randeep seems to be surrounded by lesser actors but as the series progresses, the earthiness of the characters renders a raw appeal. Suvinder aces the part of the two-faced police officer, Dakssh Ajeet Singh is absolutely believable as the sportsman-turned-criminal, and Abhishant Rana delivers the goods as the young Gurnam. So does the ever-reliable Pramod Pathak as the slimy cop. The performances are in sync with the locations, dialect, background score, and editing pattern and have not been dressed up to match the perceived global taste of the streaming audience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='CAT' series review: Laced with dollops of dope and gunpowder, Randeep Hooda drives this twisted tale of grit from Punjab |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cat-series-review-laced-with-dollops-of-dope-and-gunpowder-randeep-hooda-drives-this-twisted-tale-of-grit-from-punjab/article66247235.ece |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 December 2022 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Troy Ribeiro for ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' gave 4/5 star rating and wrote &quot;Diving deep into the skin of the character, it is Abhishant Rana’s intense performance as the young Gary that helps Randeep slip into the boots of Gurnam Singh with ease. Both are outstanding in their respective roles, as they leave an indelible mark on the screen.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ribeiro |first=Troy |title=CAT Review: Randeep Hooda-starrer is binge-worthy despite not breaking any new grounds |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cat-review-randeep-hooda-starrer-is-binge-worthy-despite-not-breaking-any-new-grounds |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|4|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Subhash K. Jha for ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote &quot;Morality may go fly a kite. CAT tells us ,the more we seek to find a moral centre to the world of crime the less the chances of getting anywhere close to a resolution to the moral dilemma.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=K Jha |first=Subhash |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |title=Netflix's CAT shows us yet again Randeep Hooda is grossly underrated |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-cat-shows-us-yet-again-randeep-hooda-is-grossly-underrated-11778761.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Abhimanyu Mathur for the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote &quot;CAT’s novelty lies in its understanding of its setting, the earthiness of Punjab, and the lingo, of course. The show has its faults but that novelty and a stellar cast more than makes up for it.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |title=CAT review: Randeep Hooda shines in this thrill-a-minute ride from the Punjabi heartland |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/cat-review-randeep-hooda-shines-in-thrill-a-minute-ride-from-punjabi-heartland-101670567338010.html |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nandini Ramnath for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote &quot;The secondary roles are staffed by a memorable array of local actors who lend the series authenticity. These include a delightful pair of twin hawala handlers – props to the casting company Anti-Casting for finding these gents.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='CAT' review: An impressive cast provides the highs in show about Punjab's drug problem |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1038963/cat-review-an-impressive-cast-provides-the-highs-in-show-about-punjabs-drug-problem |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=December 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Zinia Bandyopadhyay for ''[[India Today]]'' wrote &quot;The series excels because it remains truthful with its depiction. It does not mince or hold anything back in showing violence and gore in a world where danger and deceit lurk at every corner and the series sets the tone right at the very beginning.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Zinia |title=CAT Review: Randeep Hooda will keep you hooked to this tale of drugs, deceit and revenge |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/cat-review-randeep-hooda-will-keep-you-hooked-to-this-tale-of-drugs-deceit-and-revenge-2307246-2022-12-09 |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Deepa Gahlot]] for ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote &quot;The series has several Sikh characters and is in Punjabi, so many viewers might need subtitles. But the language, locations, production design, costumes bring an authenticity to CAT that is praiseworthy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |title=CAT Review: Authentic, Praiseworthy |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/cat-review/20221209.htm |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Archika Khurana for ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote &quot;Midway through, the series becomes overly indulgent and sluggish. It’s also intensely dark, with some gory killings making you cringe.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Khurana |first=Archika |title=Cat Season 1 Review: A riveting thriller that soars on the strength of strong performances |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/punjabi/cat/season-1/seasonreview/96032509.cms |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=December 9, 2022}}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Yatamanyu Narain for [[CNN-News18|News18]] wrote &quot;CAT might have borrowed themes from its predecessors but it is a unique show in itself as it pertains to a vivid and macroscopic look into the plight of Punjabi hinterlands coalesced together by a compelling story and even more expeditious characters. With everything said and done, the climax of CAT might not appeal to those who are not a big fan of cliffhangers because it maintains the ‘apogee’ achieved over the course of the eight episodes for the next season.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Narain |first=Yatamanyu |title=CAT Review: Randeep Hooda is Force to be Reckoned With in Compelling Revenge-Drama |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cat-review-randeep-hooda-is-force-to-be-reckoned-with-in-compelling-revenge-drama-6578479.html |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|4|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sanchita Jhunjhunwala for ''[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]]'' wrote &quot;If crime-thriller is a genre you enjoy, be rest assured to remain hooked to the Netflix series through and through.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Sanchita |title=CAT Web Series Review: Randeep Hooda packs a punch in this tale of drugs, deceit, and remission |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/cat-web-series-review-randeep-hooda-packs-a-punch-in-this-tale-of-drugs-deceit-and-remission-review-96104548 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of Netflix India originals]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Netflix title}}<br /> <br /> {{Netflix original current series}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:CAT}}<br /> [[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Netflix television dramas]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television series distributed by Netflix]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction about the insurgency in Punjab]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Punjab Police (India)]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neelamalai_Thirudan&diff=521459 2026-03-04T04:59:14Z

<p>InstaNews: creating new page.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1957 film by M. A. Thirumugam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Neelamalai Thirudan.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[M. A. Thirumugam]]<br /> | producer = [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]<br /> | story = Sa. Ayyaiah Pillai<br /> | starring = [[Ranjan (actor)|R. Ranjan]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Anjali Devi]] &lt;br /&gt;[[P. S. Veerappa]] &lt;br /&gt;[[K. A. Thangavelu]]<br /> | music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[V. N. Reddy]]<br /> | editing = M. A. Thirumugam<br /> | studio = [[Devar Films]]<br /> | distributor = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br /> | released = {{film date|1957|9|20|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 150 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Neelamalai Thirudan''''' ({{Translation|Thief of the Blue Hill}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[swashbuckler film]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Steven |first=Peter |title=The No-nonsense Guide to Global Media |date=2003 |publisher=[[New Internationalist]] |isbn=1-85984-581-9 |pages=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; directed and edited by [[M. A. Thirumugam]], produced by [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] and written by S. Ayyaiah Pillai. The film stars [[Ranjan (actor)|R. Ranjan]] and [[Anjali Devi]], with [[T. S. Balaiah]], [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[P. S. Veerappa]], [[M. K. Radha]], [[E. R. Sahadevan]], [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] and [[E. V. Saroja]] in supporting roles. It revolves around a man seeking to take revenge from a greedy uncle who had caused separation of his family in childhood.<br /> <br /> ''Neelamalai Thirudan'' was originally planned with [[M. G. Ramachandran]], and the script tailored to suit the actor's image, but Ramachandran did not give Thevar [[Daily call sheet|call sheet dates]] as he was committed to other projects; hence, Ranjan was cast. The film was released on 20 September 1957 and became a success.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{more plot|date=May 2022}}<br /> A good-hearted man has two siblings: a kind sister named Lakshmi and an evil brother named Nagappan, who lusts for the family's wealth. The kind brother has a son, and his sister has a daughter called Maragatham. Aware of Nagappan's plans, the good brother leaves the family home and entrusts his son to take care of his sister and her husband Thangappan. After learning of his brother's departure, Nagappan searches for him and his family and orders his henchman Nanjappan to kill them. The family gets separated. The boy, now grown up, takes up arms against his evil uncle. He helps the downtrodden, exposes villains and restores peace. In the end, the whole family is reunited.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> ;Actors<br /> * [[Ranjan (actor)|R. Ranjan]] as Neelamalai Thirudan<br /> * [[T. S. Balaiah]] as a police officer<br /> * [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Chithambaram<br /> * [[P. S. Veerappa]] as Zamindar Nagappan<br /> * [[M. K. Radha]] as Thangappan<br /> * [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Neelamalai Thirudan's father<br /> * K. Sairam as Constable 101<br /> * [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar|Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa]] as Nanjappan<br /> * Master Vijayakumar as young Neelamalai Thirudan<br /> <br /> ;Actresses<br /> * [[Anjali Devi]] as Maragatham<br /> * [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] as Lakshmi<br /> * [[E. V. Saroja]] as Chokki<br /> * Baby Uma as young Maragatham<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The producer [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] wanted to make ''Neelamalai Thirudan'' with his close friend [[M. G. Ramachandran]] starring, and the script was tailored to suit the actor's image. To Thevar's surprise, Ramachandran did not give him [[Daily call sheet|call sheet dates]] as he was committed to several other projects, including ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' (1958). Thevar then signed on [[Ranjan (actor)|R. Ranjan]], to Ramachandran's dismay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Venkatesh |date=31 March 2019 |title=Remembering the Mylaporean in Bollywood |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2019/03/31034554/1112513/Remembering-the-Mylaporean-in-Bollywood.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313193233/https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2019/03/31034554/1112513/Remembering-the-Mylaporean-in-Bollywood.vpf |archive-date=13 March 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=[[DT Next]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt; The film was written by S. Ayyaiah Pillai, and directed by Thevar's brother [[M. A. Thirumugam]] who also handled the editing. Cinematography was handled by V. N. Reddy, with C. V. Moorthy assisting. Two [[List of animal actors|animal actors]]&amp;nbsp;– a horse named Iqbal and a dog named Tiger&amp;nbsp;– were prominently used.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Neela Malai Thirudan |url=https://gaana.com/album/neela-malai-thirudan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810145051/https://gaana.com/album/neela-malai-thirudan |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=23 February 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam&amp;nbsp;– Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=126 |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Sathiyame Latchiyamai&quot; underlines &quot;the philosophy of life and the importance of helping the downtrodden and destroying the villains&quot;. It attained popularity, and is often aired on Tamil television channels.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer !! Lyricist !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Chithirai Madha Nilavu&quot; || G. Kasthoori || Puratchidasan || 02:18<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Konjum Mozhi Penngalukku&quot; || [[Jikki]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 03:28<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Vethalai Pakku&quot; || S. C. Krishnan &amp; [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 02:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Sathiyame Latchiyamai&quot; || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || A. Maruthakasi || 03:39<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Ullam Kollai&quot; || Jikki || A. Maruthakasi || 03:59<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Yengi Yengi&quot; || Jikki || Thanjai N. Ramaiah Doss || 03:21<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kannalam&quot; (Onnukku Rendatchi) || S. C. Krishnan &amp; A. G. Rathnamala || A. Maruthakasi || 02:03<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Sirikkiran Moraikkiran&quot; || T. M. Soundararajan &amp; Jikki || Thanjai N. Ramaiah Doss || 04:32<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Neelamalai Thirudan'' was released on 20 September 1957,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1957 – நீலமலைத் திருடன் – தேவர் பிலிம்ஸ் கொண்டவீடி தொங்கா (தெ-டப்) மத்வாலா (இ-டப்) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails9.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111134827/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails9.asp |archive-date=11 November 2017 |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 September 1957 |title=Neelamalai Thirudan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19570920&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=1 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; and became a success. According to historian [[Randor Guy]], a contributing factor was Ranjan's [[Robin Hood]]-inspired performance.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt; Jambavan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' negatively reviewed the film, criticising Ranjan's performance and the numerous plot holes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஜாம்பவான் |date=13 October 1957 |title=நீலமலைத் திருடன் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1957-10-13/kalki1957-10-13.pdf |access-date=22 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=77–78 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=23 February 2013 |title=Neelamalai Thirudan 1957 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/neelamalai-thirudan-1957/article4446250.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628102526/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/neelamalai-thirudan-1957/article4446250.ece |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar}}<br /> {{M. A. Thirumugam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1957 action films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by M. A. Thirumugam]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by R. Sudarsanam]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]<br /> [[Category:Robin Hood films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaathil_Oru_Kinnaram&diff=448613 2026-03-03T21:19:34Z

<p>InstaNews: General improvements and edits</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Kaathil Oru Kinnaram<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Mohan Kupleri]]<br /> | producer = Sargams<br /> | story = Ambili (Director's daughter)<br /> | screenplay = Govardhan<br /> | starring = [[Jagadish]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Thilakan]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]]<br /> | music = [[S. P. Venkatesh]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Dinesh Babu]]<br /> | editing = L. Bhoominathan<br /> | studio = Akshaya Productions<br /> | distributor = Akshaya Productions<br /> | released = {{Film date|1996|2|22|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kaathil Oru Kinnaaram''''' is a 1996 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] comedy film, directed by [[Mohan Kupleri]] and produced by Sargams. The film stars [[Jagadish]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[Thilakan]] and [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[S. P. Venkatesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2937|title=Kaathil Oru Kinnaaram|accessdate=2014-09-30|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2084|title=Kaathil Oru Kinnaaram|accessdate=2014-09-30|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://bharatmovies.rave-staging.com/malayalam/info/kaathil-oru-kinnaram.htm|title=Kaathil Oru Kinnaaram|accessdate=2014-09-30|publisher=bharatmovies.rave-staging.com|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111729/http://bharatmovies.rave-staging.com/malayalam/info/kaathil-oru-kinnaram.htm|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Hari and Varsha are in love but they cannot marry because her elder sister Megha is not willing to get married and also has some astrology issues. They find Mahesh, with similar issues to marry her, but Megha rejects him. Megha gets attacked by her ex-boyfriend Ajith and she reveals that she was cheated by him in the past. That is the reason why she didn't want to get married but now changes her mind. Megha's father rejects this proposal. Hari and his friends make various plans to solve these issue and this forms the rest of the movie.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Jagadish]] as Hariprasad/ Hari <br /> *[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Karunakaran<br /> *[[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Mahesh<br /> *[[Thilakan]] as Dr. Unnithan<br /> *[[Harisree Ashokan]] as John Samuel<br /> *[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Manikutty<br /> *[[Indrans]] as Ramesh Menon/Rajappan<br /> *[[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] as Megha Unnithan <br /> *[[Chippy (actress)|Chippy]] as Varsha Unnithan <br /> *[[Sukumari]] as Dhakshayani<br /> *[[Kollam Thulasi]] as Puthiyedath Padmanabhan Thambi<br /> *[[Manju Pillai]] as Usha (Mahesh's sister)<br /> *[[Madhupal]] as Ajith<br /> *[[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Karim Bhai<br /> *[[Shammi Thilakan]] as Lawrence<br /> *[[Jose Pellissery]] as Dr. Unnithan's friend<br /> *[[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Police Officer<br /> *Gomathi Mahadevan as Damayanti<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by [[S. P. Venkatesh]]. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br /> |- <br /> | 1 || &quot;Mele Vinnile&quot; || Chorus, Swarnalatha || Gireesh Puthenchery || <br /> |- <br /> | 2 || &quot;Thakiladi Thaalavumaay&quot; || Biju Narayanan || Gireesh Puthenchery || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0275441}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1996 films]]<br /> [[Category:1996 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Mohan Kupleri]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oru_Second_Class_Yathra&diff=523181 2026-03-03T20:39:30Z

<p>InstaNews: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{lead too short|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Oru Second Class Yathra<br /> | image = Oru Second Class Yathra.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = {{unbulleted list|Jexson Antony|Rejis Antony}}<br /> | producer = {{unbulleted list|Bijoy Chandran|Arun Ghosh|Alwin Antony}}<br /> | writer = {{unbulleted list|Jexson Antony|Rejis Antony}}<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{based on|title of the original work|writer of the original work}} --&gt;<br /> | starring = {{Plain list|<br /> * [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]]<br /> * [[Joju George]]<br /> * [[Sreejith Ravi]]<br /> }}<br /> | narrator = [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]<br /> | music = [[Gopi Sundar]]<br /> | cinematography = Vinod Illampally<br /> | editing = Lijo Paul<br /> | studio = Ananya Films&lt;br /&gt;Tricolor Entertainment<br /> | distributor = Chand V Creations &amp; Tricolor Entertainment<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|5|8|India}}<br /> | runtime = 100 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Oru Second Class Yathra''''' ({{translation|A [[Travel class|Second Class]] [[Travel|Journey]]}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam-language]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[drama film]], written and directed by Jexson Antony and Rejis Antony in their debut film. Starring [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], [[Joju George]] and [[Sreejith Ravi]] in lead roles&lt;ref name=&quot;Filmibeat 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Menon|first1=Akhila|title=Oru Second Class Yathra Movie Review: Totally Feeble|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2015/oru-second-class-yathra-movie-review-182570.html|access-date=21 May 2015|publisher=[[Filmibeat]]|date=8 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;onmanorama 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ragesh|first1=G|title=Unshackling the burden of expectations: Oru Second Class Yathra|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/oru-second-class-yathra-movie-review-unshackling-the-burdern-of-expectations.html|publisher=Onmanorama|access-date=21 May 2015|date=8 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Police constables Balagopal and Jolly Kurien have been at odds for years but are under orders to transfer two prisoners Nandu and Maaran from [[Kannur]] to [[Trivandrum]]. They board the Parasuram express with the handcuffed inmates. While at the [[Kayamkulam]] station, Nandu escapes. The two officers get off the train at the next stop with Maaran and frantically searches for Nandu. The three unlikely musketeers finds the back-story of Nandu.<br /> <br /> Nandu's father, Narayanan always have a wrongful intention to Nandu's sister, Lakshmi. Lakshmi is the daughter of Nandu's mother and her former husband, thus making her a half-sister. Lakshmi is not the daughter of Narayanan. Nandu, one day determines to kill his father for the same, but the trap he set accidentally killed his mother. He gets arrested for his mother's murder. One day Narayanan comes to visit him at jail and reveals that he staged a drama of being a reformed man infront of Lakshmi. Nandu determines to escape at any possible opportunities. The three musketeers finds Nandu while roughing with Narayanan, both with the intention to kill. Narayanan tries to kill Nandu bu [[strangling]] him with his [[Handcuffs|handcuff]] but Jolly saves Nandu but he accidentally kills Narayanan. Balagopal tries to report Jolly's crime to the police but Nandu decides to take the blame for Jolly, as he completed Nandu's mission. Knowing Narayanan's story, Maaran devises a plan to not let the issue known to others, to which everyone agrees. Narayanan's corpse is buried in a nearby church cemetery at that night itself. In the end of the day everyone is shown as happy in their karmic lives.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast list|<br /> * [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] as Nandu<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Maaran<br /> * [[Joju George]] as Jolly Kurian<br /> * [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Balagopal<br /> * [[Nikki Galrani]] as Lakshmi<br /> * [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Narayanan Mesthiri <br /> * [[Indrans]] as Govindan<br /> * [[Sunil Sukhada]] as [[Jail superintendent]] Balan Nambiar<br /> * [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Johnson<br /> * [[Mammukkoya]] as Alikkoya<br /> * Pradeep Kottayam as Joppan<br /> * [[Aparna Balamurali]] as Amritha Unnikrishnan<br /> * [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Indira, Lakshmi's and Nandu's mother<br /> * [[Balu Varghese]] as Kumar<br /> * [[Dr. Shaju]] as man in the train<br /> * [[Sasi Kalinga]] as Koshi<br /> * [[Thomas Unniyadan]] as D.I.G<br /> * [[Chali Pala]] as Isaac<br /> * Rajasekharan as Police Trainee<br /> * [[Nelson Sooranad]] as Cleaner at Lorry<br /> * [[Koottickal Jayachandran]] as James<br /> * [[Saju Navodaya]] as Pindam Biju<br /> * [[Hareesh Perumanna]] as Auto Driver<br /> * Pavithran<br /> * Arun Ghosh as [[Kochi Police|Ernakulam Police]] [[Deputy commissioner of police|Commissioner]] Anil Jacob [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> * Bilal Ibn Jamal<br /> * Sarath Chandran as Groom<br /> * [[Paravai Muniyamma]] as Maran's step-mother<br /> * Veena Nair as Vanajakumari<br /> * [[Arya Rohit]] as young lady in the train<br /> * [[Vijayakumari]] as old lady in the train<br /> * [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Narrator (Voice Only)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> <br /> The film met expectations. ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that the film &quot;has a promising premise, but ends up being just half of what it aspires to be.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times of India 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=TNN staff|title=Oru Second Class Yathra Movie Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Oru-Second-Class-Yathra/movie-review/47220563.cms|access-date=21 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Now Running'' said that the film was neither damaging or offensive. Most of the film's scenes were shot inside a train and they gave it a [[road movie]] feel. The story starts when the train is in northern Kerala and ends in southern Kerala. The passengers on the train are shown as they affect the story.&lt;ref name=&quot;Now Running&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Veeyen|title=Oru Second Class Yathra Review|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16672/malayalam/oru-second-class-yathra/5068/review/|access-date=21 May 2015|publisher=[[Now Running]]|date=10 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[International Business Times]]'' wrote that the film &quot;fails to come out as a comedy suspense thriller as it was supposed to be&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;International Business Times 1&quot;/&gt; The directors, Jexon Antony and Rejis Antony, adopted a flash-back narrative, but &quot;unfortunately the suspense elements went amiss, especially in the second half.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;International Business Times 1&quot;/&gt; The first portion of the film offered promises which failed during its second half.&lt;ref name=&quot;International Business Times 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=V.P.|first1=Nicy|title='Oru Second Class Yathra' Movie Review: Vineeth Sreenivasan-Nikki Galrani Starrer Fails as Suspense Thriller|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/oru-second-class-yathra-movie-review-live-updates-vineeth-sreenivasan-nikki-galrani-starrer-631707|access-date=21 May 2015|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=8 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Indiaglitz'' noted that the slow story failed to meet the expectations of a thriller film. The first half of the film was alright, but the narrative flagging in the second half. It was felt that directors Jexson and Rejis Anthony did &quot;okay on their first outing and a more polished movie is expected from them in future.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiglitz 1&quot;/&gt; The project's cinematography by Vinod Illampally was praised. Since thrillers require a greater punching up during post-production, &quot;the editing seems a bit lax.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiglitz 1&quot;/&gt; The background score was fine, but in considering [[Gopi Sunder]]'s body of work, it could have been better. They summarized, writing the film &lt;blockquote&gt;has a novel theme, yet the execution could have been better. A bit more taut and crisp, with its first half- like narration in the second half too could have taken the movie far ahead. It is not a bad attempt and is very much a family movie and the subject of rape of a different nature is very relevant. Watch it without much expectation and you might be pleasantly surprised&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiglitz 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Oru Second Class Yathra Review|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/oru-second-class-yathra-malayalam-movie-review-19678.html|access-date=May 21, 2015|work=IndiaGlitz|date=May 11, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[The Hindu]]'' felt writer/directors Jexson Antony and Rejis Antony tried to strike a proper balance between drama and comedy—juggling between the two modes would not wear down the audience. ''The Hindu'' felt this became evident in the film's second half, &quot;where a scene of high tension and tragedy in the flashback cuts abruptly to a light-hearted one happening in the present.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;/&gt; It was however, concluded that &quot;Barring a few humorous scenes, ''Oru Second Class Yathra'' does not make for a pleasant trip to the cinema.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Praveen|first1=S.R.|title=This trip is not so pleasant|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/this-trip-is-not-so-pleasant/article7189746.ece|access-date=21 May 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> Music by: [[Gopi Sundar]], Lyrics by: Hari Narayanan<br /> <br /> * ''Ambazham Thanalitta'' - [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Mridula Warrier]]<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> ;[[Asianet Film Awards]]<br /> <br /> * Performer of the Year - [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] (for ''Various films'')<br /> * Best Villain - [[Nedumudi Venu]] (also for ''[[Rudra Simhasanam]]'')<br /> <br /> ;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]<br /> * [[Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention]] for [[Joju George]]<br /> <br /> ;[[Vanitha Film Awards]]<br /> <br /> * Best Villain - [[Nedumudi Venu]] (also for ''[[Rudra Simhasanam]]'')<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4664092/ ''Oru Second Class Yathra''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Oru Second Class Yathra}}<br /> [[Category:2015 films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s comedy thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s comedy road movies]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy road movies]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:2015 comedy films]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firoz_Merchant&diff=499129 2026-02-24T18:26:51Z

<p>InstaNews: Started some post initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian businessman and philanthropist}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Undisclosed paid|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Notability|date=September 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Firoz Merchant<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = Firoz Merchant<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[India]]<br /> | birth_date = 1958<br /> | occupation = Founder and Chairman of Pure Gold Jewellers<br /> | known_for = Pure Gold Jewellers<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Firoz Merchant''' (born 1958) is an Indian businessman, and philanthropist based in the United Arab Emirates.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dubai-based philanthropist Firoz Merchant receives 10-year visa|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/421730-dubai-based-philanthropist-firoz-merchant-receives-10-year-visa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dubai-based philanthropist Firoz Merchant pays prisoners debts|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/397105-dubai-based-philanthropist-firoz-merchant-pays-prisoners-debts}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-11-24|title=Philanthropy Leads to Success|url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/268450/20211124/philanthropy-leads-to-success.htm|access-date=2021-12-08|website=Tech Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the Founder and Chairman of Pure Gold Group, which consists of FGM Holding, Pure Gold Jewellers, Pure Gold Real Estate Development, La Moda, and Pure Gold Manufacturing.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> After he left India, he expressed his desire to his father to move to Dubai and try his hand at the gold business, and in 1989, he moved to Dubai to set up his own gold and diamonds trading business, Pure Gold Jewellers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Video: Firoz Merchant, from school dropout in Mumbai to billionaire Pure Gold owner in Dubai|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae-success-stories/video-firoz-merchant-from-school-dropout-in-mumbai-to-billionaire-pure-gold-owner-in-dubai-1.1550552915932|access-date=2021-08-16|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Philanthropy==<br /> Merchant has been involved in a number of [[Philanthropy|philanthropic]] activities that have provided help and support for various communities.&lt;ref&gt;Bassma Al Jandaly, [http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/businessman-s-help-for-family-in-need-is-pure-gold-1.621946 &quot;Businessman’s help for family in need is pure gold&quot;], ''Gulf News'', May 4, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://gulfnews.com/opinions/editorials/fine-show-of-generosity-1.588129 &quot;Fine show of generosity&quot;], ''Gulf News'', February 25, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Merchant has contributed towards correctional institutions in order to release prisoners belonging to various nationalities jailed in the UAE. Merchant announced he will{{Weasel inline|date=September 2017}}{{Clarify|reason=Has he donated it, or has he stated an intention to donate it? &quot;Decided to&quot; is weasely.|text=|date=September 2017|pre-text=}} spend 1&amp;nbsp;million [[United States dollar|US dollars]] (3.8&amp;nbsp;million [[UAE dirham|dirhams]]) to help free prisoners who are behind bars in UAE due to non-payment of debts. He has already paid 150,000 dirhams for the release of 132 prisoners from [[Ajman]] Central jail.&lt;ref name=&quot;connectedtoindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.connectedtoindia.com/indian-businessman-comes-to-aid-of-prisoners-in-uae-540.html|title=Indian businessman comes to aid of prisoners in UAE|website=Connected To India|accessdate=September 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Caline Malek, [https://archive.today/20130114174637/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/zakat-fund-abu-dhabi-money-frees-10-debt-prisoners &quot;Zakat Fund Abu Dhabi money frees 10 debt prisoners&quot;], ''The National'', January 11, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sharmila Dhal, [http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/indian-businessman-rescues-prisoners-in-debt-1.770816 &quot;Indian businessman rescues prisoners in debt&quot;], ''Xpress'', March 3, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> * 2017, Community Service Medal/ Award by [[Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Saif Bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]; Deputy Prime Minister and Ministry of Interior&lt;ref name=&quot;financialexpress.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-08-08|title=Firoz Merchant, Indian businessman, receives UAE's community service medal|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/firoz-merchant-indian-businessman-receives-uaes-community-service-medal/798893/|access-date=2021-08-16|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-08-08|title=Indian businessman who paid $4m prisoners' debts wins community award in UAE|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1141281/middle-east|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Arab News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2017, Business Excellence Award by the Indian Business and Professional Council (IBPC) <br /> * 2017, Philanthropic Icon Award by the Indian Business and Professional Council (IBPC) <br /> *2016, Philanthropic of the year by Indian [[CEO]] Awards by [[ITP Publishing|ITP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Agencies|title=Firoz Merchant honoured|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/companies/firoz-merchant-honoured|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Khaleej Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Indian philanthropist honoured by UAE govt|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/diaspora/indian-philanthropist-honoured-by-uae-govt-448079|access-date=2021-08-16|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> As of 2021, Merchant resides in Dubai with his family and spends his leisure time in horse riding.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.pugold.com/}}<br /> * [https://www.facebook.com/PhilanthropistFirozMerchant/?sk=allactivity Official Facebook Page]<br /> *[https://twitter.com/firozmerchantpg Official Twitter account]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Merchant, Firoz}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:1958 births]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramadevarabetta_Vulture_Sanctuary&diff=529077 2026-02-24T03:35:03Z

<p>InstaNews: New - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bird sanctuary in Karnataka}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox Protected area<br /> | name = Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary<br /> | iucn_category = IV<br /> | image = Ramadevarabetta.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Birds eye view of Ramdevara Temple, located inside the sanctuary<br /> | image_alt = Birds eye view of Ramdevara Temple, located inside the sanctuary<br /> | location = [[Ramanagara district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<br /> | area = {{convert|3.4641|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12.7531984|N|77.3013674|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | map = India Karnataka#India<br /> | relief = yes<br /> | mapframe = Yes<br /> | established = 2012<br /> | visitation_num = <br /> | visitation_year = <br /> | governing_body = Department of forests, [[Government of Karnataka]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary''' is a [[bird sanctuary]] in [[Karnataka]] India, aimed for the protection of vultures. Established in 2012, it is the first Vulture Sanctuary in India. Of the nine vulture species found in India, three species, [[Indian vulture|long-billed]], [[Egyptian vulture|Egyptian]] and [[White-backed vulture|white-backed]] vultures are found here. In 2018, Indian government tagged an area of 1.30 meters to 1.80&amp;nbsp;km from the boundary of the sanctuary as an eco-sensitive zone (ESZ). The total area of the eco-sensitive zone is {{convert|7.08|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}.<br /> [[File:Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|thumb|Indian vulture, an endangered vulture species found in the sanctuary]]<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[Vulture|Vultures]] have long been found in the hills of Ramanagara. Environmentalists and bird watchers started campaigning for the area to be declared a sanctuary as the number of vultures has dropped alarmingly.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramanagara&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary {{!}} RAMANAGARA DISTRICT {{!}} India |url=https://ramanagara.nic.in/en/tourist-place/vulture-sanctuary/}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary was officially established in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramanagara&quot;/&gt; It is the first and only Vulture Sanctuary in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;deccan&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadevara Betta fails long-billed vultures |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/ramadevara-betta-fails-long-billed-vultures-759846.html |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |date=7 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is a [[bird sanctuary]] located in [[Ramanagara]], [[Ramanagara district]], Karnataka, India. It is located within the area of proposed Sholay theme park.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramanagara&quot;/&gt; The sanctuary covers an area of {{convert|3.4641|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramanagara&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Flora and fauna==<br /> [[File:Egyptian Vulture (18208369344).jpg|thumb|Egyptian Vulture]]<br /> Of the nine vulture species found in India, three species, [[Indian vulture|long-billed]], [[Egyptian vulture|Egyptian]] and [[White-backed vulture|white-backed]] vultures are found in Ramanagara.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramanagara&quot;/&gt; As of 2020, the Ramadevarabetta sanctuary has only five [[Long-billed vulture|long-billed vultures]] and 25 [[Egyptian vulture|Egyptian vultures]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Menon |first1=Anasuya |title=Waiting for the vulture |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/shashikumar-b-is-a-self-styled-vulture-specialist-who-helps-spread-awareness-on-the-need-to-conserve-vulture-species/article33439790.ece |work=The Hindu |date=28 December 2020 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is rich in biodiversity and is home to many [[butterfly]] species, [[Bee|bees]], [[Bird|birds]], [[Bat|bats]], [[Spider|spiders]] and [[Snake|snakes.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Threats and precautionary measures==<br /> The increase in the number of vultures around Ramadevarabetta was due to the increased availability of silk pupae and poultry waste in the surrounding areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;deccan&quot;/&gt; Studies indicate that the number of Indian vulture (Long-billed) has decreased by 97 percent and the number of Egyptian vulture by 99 percent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Vultures in Karnataka are disappearing, govt announces new breeding centre |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vultures-karnataka-are-disappearing-govt-announces-new-breeding-centre-119665 |work=The News Minute |date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The veterinary use of [[diclofenac]] has been banned in [[veterinary medicine]] as it poses a threat to birds such as vultures that feed on animal carcasses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whatshot&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Go Bird Watching At India’s Only Vulture Sanctuary, Just 1 Hour Away From Bangalore |url=https://www.whatshot.in/bangalore/go-bird-watching-at-indias-only-vulture-sanctuary-just-1-hour-away-from-bangalore-c-24338 |website=Whatshot |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Given the alarming decline in the number of vultures since the 1990s, the Forest Department and other conservation organizations have made significant efforts to protect the existing population and allow it to thrive.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whatshot&quot;/&gt; As the number of vultures is declining, the Forest Department has started a Vulture Breeding Center at Ramadevarabetta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jan 18 |first1=Rohith BR / TNN / Updated |title=Karnataka's Ramanagara to host south India's second vulture breeding centre {{!}} Bengaluru News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ramanagara-to-host-south-indias-second-vulture-breeding-centre/articleshow/73349573.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2018, to protect from rapid industrialization and mining, Indian government tagged an area of 1.30 meters to 1.80&amp;nbsp;km from the boundary of the sanctuary as an eco-sensitive zone (ESZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Express&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is now an eco-sensitive zone |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2017/oct/04/ramadevarabetta-vulture-sanctuary-is-now-an-eco-sensitive-zone-1666563.html |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Consisting area from six villages (Harisandra, Madapura, Kethohalli, Basavanapura, Vaderahalli<br /> and Hallimala) and one hamlet, the total area of the eco-sensitive zone is {{convert|7.08|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Express&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Recent research has also revealed that crowds of people visiting the Ramdevara Temple inside the sanctuary, as well as by climbers and bikers, are causing disturbance to the breeding of raptors.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Express&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:2012 establishments in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 2012]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Sharma_(writer)&diff=495972 2026-02-21T12:03:53Z

<p>InstaNews: Started the biography v1.</p> <hr /> <div>{{notability|1=Biographies|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Short description|Indian writer}}<br /> {{Expand Hindi|दीपक शर्मा|date=February 2022}}<br /> [[File:Deepak Sharma1.jpg|thumb|right]]<br /> '''Deepak Sharma''' (born 30 November 1946) is an Indian writer, best known for her [[short stories]] in [[Hindi]] and English. Between 1993 and 2021, she has published twenty one short stories. In 2021, she was awarded the Sahitya Bhushan Samman by the [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Vidya Bindu |title=संस्मरण- जिन्हें नेपथ्य में रहना पसंद है |date=2007 |publisher=New Enlightenment |location=[[New Delhi]] |pages=83–84 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Deepak Sharma |url=https://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/d/deepak_sharma.htm |website=www.abhivyakti-hindi.org |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613004213/http://abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/d/deepak_sharma.htm |archive-date=June 13, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vimal |first1=Ganga Prasad |title=दीपक शर्मा की कहानियों पर बहस होनी चाहिए |date=2007 |publisher=New Enlightenment |location=[[New Delhi]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Deepak}}<br /> [[Category:1946 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-writer-stub}}</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_India&diff=464823 2026-02-06T22:45:48Z

<p>InstaNews: rework references based on references and added references per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> {{Use British English|date=April 2012}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Censorship by country}}<br /> <br /> '''Censorship in India''' has taken various forms throughout its history. Although ''[[de jure]]'' the [[Constitution of India]] guarantees [[freedom of expression in India|freedom of expression]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Article 19&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1218090/ |title= Article 19 in The Constitution Of India 1949 |website= indiankanoon.org |language=en |publisher= Indian Kanoon |access-date= 15 Sep 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[de facto]]'' there are [[freedom of expression in India#Restrictions|various restrictions]] on content, with an official view towards &quot;maintaining communal and religious harmony&quot;, given the history of communal tension in the nation. According to the Information Technology Rules 2011, objectionable content includes anything that &quot;threatens the unity, integrity, defence, security or sovereignty of India, friendly relations with foreign states or public order&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://telegraphindia.com/1111207/jsp/nation/story_14848886.jsp | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Uncle dictates, cyber boys dispose - Sibal to work on norms for social sites | date=7 December 2011 | access-date=26 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322061556/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111207/jsp/nation/story_14848886.jsp | archive-date=22 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2024, the annual [[Freedom in the World]] report by [[Freedom House]] gave India an overall score of 66 out of 100, corresponding to a status of &quot;partially free&quot;, with a Civil Liberties rating of 33 out of 60 and a score of 2 out of 4 for the specific question &quot;Are there free and independent media?&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/india/freedom-world/2024 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The analysis specifically noted that this did not include conditions in Indian Kashmir, which was analysed separately and scored a much lower overall score of 26 out of 100 (status &quot;not free&quot;), with a Civil Liberties rating of 20 out of 60.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Kashmir: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/indian-kashmir/freedom-world/2024 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This represents a continued worsening of conditions over the recent years; in comparison, in 2017 India was given an overall score of 77 out of 100 (status &quot;free&quot;), and a score of 42 out of 60 for civil liberties.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India: Freedom in the World 2017 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/india/freedom-world/2017 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the [[World Press Freedom Index]] (WPFI), a global analysis published by [[Reporters Without Borders]] (RSF), India's press freedom ranking has dropped from 140 out of 179 countries in 2019, to 161 out of 180 countries in 2023, classifying press freedom in India as being in a &quot;serious&quot; situation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-26 |title=India {{!}} RSF |url=https://rsf.org/en/country/india |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=rsf.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Index 2023 – Global score&quot;. ''[[Reporters Without Borders]]''. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Laws==<br /> ===Obscenity===<br /> Watching, listening to, or possessing [[pornography|pornographic materials]] is generally legal. However, distribution of such materials is strictly banned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Rajak |first=Brajesh |title=Pornography Laws: XXX Must not be Tolerated |edition=paperback |year=2011 |publisher=Universal Law Co |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-7534-999-5|page=61}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] allows release of certain films with sexual content (labelled [[Central Board of Film Certification#Current certificates|A-rated]]), which are to be shown only in restricted spaces, and are to be viewed only by people of age 18 and above.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Viju B |author2=Bharati Dubey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Family-entertainment-B-town-flicks-now-open-to-adults-only/articleshow/5397590.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065841/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-31/india/28101486_1_adult-films-rating-system-movies |url-status=live |archive-date=2011-08-11 |title=Family entertainment? B-town flicks now open to adults only |date=2009-12-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Times News Network|TNN]] |access-date=2010-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; India's [[Public broadcasting|public television broadcaster]], [[Doordarshan]], has aired these films at late-night time slots.&lt;ref&gt;Sinhā, Niroja (1989). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AYPaAAAAMAAJ Women and Violence]''. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AYPaAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Doordarshan p. 97]. {{ISBN|0706942736}}. {{oclc|19812282}}. &quot;Assuming that late night programme telecast would be restricted to adults, Doordarshan started showing adult films in recent past on TV.&quot;&lt;!-- Period is sic—the quotation is a complete sentence. --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; [[Films]], [[television show]]s, and [[music video]]s are prone to scene-cuts or even bans. However, if any literature is banned, it is not usually for pornographic reasons. Pornographic magazines are technically illegal, but many [[softcore pornography|softcore]] Indian publications are available through many news vendors, who often stock them at the bottom of a stack of non-pornographic magazines, and make them available on request. Most non-Indian publications (including ''[[Playboy]]'') are usually harder to find, whether soft-core or [[hardcore pornography|hardcore]]. Mailing pornographic magazines in India from a country where they are legal is also illegal in India. In practice, the magazines are almost always confiscated by [[Central Board of Excise and Customs|Customs]], and are entered as evidence of law-breaking, and are punishable, and they undergo detailed scrutiny.<br /> <br /> ===National security===<br /> The [[Official Secrets Act 1923]] is used for the protection of official information, mainly related to [[national security]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.indialawinfo.com/bareacts/OSA.html The Official Secrets Act, 1923] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525123340/http://www.indialawinfo.com/bareacts/OSA.html |date=25 May 2006 }}&quot;, IndiaLawInfo.com. Retrieved 4 June 2006&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Censorship by medium==<br /> <br /> ===Press===<br /> {{Main|Freedom of the press in India}}<br /> The Indian press does not enjoy extensive freedom. In 2023, it was ranked 140 in the [[Press Freedom Index]], published by [[Reporters Without Borders]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=India {{!}} RSF |url=https://rsf.org/en/country/india |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=rsf.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1975, the [[Indira Gandhi]] government imposed censorship of press during [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]]; the day after, the [[Bombay]] edition of ''[[The Times of India]]'' in its obituary column carried an entry that reads, &quot;D.E.M O'Cracy beloved husband of T.Ruth, father of L.I.Bertie, brother of Faith, Hope and Justica expired on 26 June&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;austing&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Austin|first=Granville|title=Working a democratic constitution: the Indian experience|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-564888-9|pages=295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r42bAAAAMAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was removed at the end of emergency rule in March 1977.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=th8KAQAAIAAJ |title=The Emergency, Censorship, and the Press in India, 1975-77 |first=Soli J. |last=Sorabjee |publisher=Central News Agency |year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 2 October 2016 (see: [[2016 Kashmir unrest]]) the Srinagar-based Kashmiri newspaper, ''[[Kashmir Reader]]'' was asked to stop production by the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Former Jammu and Kashmir]] government. The ban order, issued by the Deputy Commissioner of [[Srinagar]] Farooq Ahmad Lone cited that the reason for this was that the newspaper contains &quot;material and content which tends to incite acts of violence and disturb public peace and tranquility&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kashmir-reader-ban-protest-valley-journalists-reactions-3063689/|title=Valley journalists protest against ban on Kashmir Reader|date=2016-10-04|access-date=2016-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ban came after weeks of unrest in the [[Kashmir]] valley, following the killing of the commander of a terrorist group known as [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] (designated a terrorist group by India, the [[European Union]] and the [[United States]]) whose name was [[Burhan Wani]]. Journalists have decried this as a clampdown on freedom of expression and democracy in Kashmir, as a part of the massive media censorship of the unrest undertaken by the central government. Working journalists protested the ban by marching to the Directorate of Information and Public Relations while the Kashmir Editors Guild (KEG) held an emergency meeting in Srinagar, thereafter asking the government to revoke the ban immediately, and asking for the intervention of the Press Council of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The move has been criticised by a variety of individuals, academic and civil groups in Kashmir and international rights groups, such as [http://www.jkccs.net/ Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society] (JKCCS), Kashmir Economic Alliance (KEA), the Kashmir Center for Social and Development Studies (KCSDS) and [[Amnesty International]], among others. Most of the major Kashmiri dailies have also rallied behind the KR, while claiming that the move represented a political vendetta against the newspaper for reporting events in the unrest as they happened on the ground. [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference|Hurriyat]] leaders, known to champion the cause of Kashmiri independence, also recorded their protests against the banning of the newspaper. Amnesty International released a statement saying that &quot;the government has a duty to respect the freedom of the press, and the right of people to receive information,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37559679|title=Kashmir newspaper ban criticised|date=2016-10-05|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; while criticising the government for shutting down a newspaper for opposing it. The journalists associated with the paper allege that, contrary to the claims of the J&amp;K government, they had not been issued a notice or warning, and had been asked to stop production suddenly, which was only one manifestation of the wider media gag on Kashmir. Previously, the state government had banned newspapers for a few days in July, calling the move a &quot;temporary measure to address an extraordinary situation&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; only to deflect the blame onto the police upon facing a tremendous backlash, and thereafter asking the presses to resume publication. On 28 December 2016, the newspaper resumed publication after the government lifted the ban after nearly three months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38448891|title=Kashmir Reader: Newspaper printing again after ban lifted|date=2016-12-28|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Obscenity and defamation====<br /> In 1988, a &quot;defamation bill&quot; was introduced by [[Rajiv Gandhi]], but it was later withdrawn due to strong opposition.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/process-as-punishment/article5696398.ece | title=Process as punishment | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=17 February 2014 | access-date=18 February 2014 | author=A.S. Panneerselvan}}&lt;/ref&gt; India's [[Supreme Court of India|supreme court]], while delivering the judgement in the ''Sportsworld'' case in 2014, held that &quot;A picture of a nude/semi-nude woman&amp;nbsp;... cannot per se be called obscene&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Kashmir====<br /> India’s government requires that all maps in publications circulated in India reflect its claim to the entire region of Kashmir, which is disputed by Pakistan, and regardless of current lines of control.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=[[Sanjoy Majumder]] |date=2011-05-24 |title=Economist accuses India of censorship over Kashmir map |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13529512 |journal=BBC News |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Publications that do not conform are seized by the authorities and issues can end up being destroyed.<br /> <br /> ===Film===<br /> {{AI-generated|section=Film|ate=December 2025|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Further|Central Board of Film Certification#Controversies|List of films banned in India|l1=Controversies involving the Central Board of Film Certification|l2=}}<br /> The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC), which is the film-regulating agency in India, orders directors to remove anything that it deems to be offensive, including sex, nudity, violence, or subjects that are considered to be politically subversive or taboo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2002-06-27 |title=India's film censor wants to legalise porn |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2069900.stm |access-date=2023-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the past two decades, there has been a noticeable shift in the board's approach toward censorship. One of the key factors that drives this change is the growing influence of Hollywood and the liberal mindset of young indians, which has resulted in an increase in exposure to more liberal cultural values.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Paunksnis |first=Šarūnas |date=January 2015 |title=Postmodern Experience in India: Imaginary Subaltern Space and Cinema |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2230807514546799 |journal=History and Sociology of South Asia |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=36–52 |doi=10.1177/2230807514546799 |s2cid=147507799 |issn=2230-8075|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, globalization and modernization have played a significant role in shaping Indian society, leading to a greater acceptance of progressive attitudes toward social issues. As a result, the Indian Film Board has become more lenient with censorship guidelines, allowing filmmakers greater creative freedom to explore themes that were previously considered taboo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dimitrova |first=Diana |date=2016-01-04 |title=Hinduism and Its Others in Bollywood Film of the 2000s |url=https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol20/iss1/10 |journal=Journal of Religion &amp; Film |volume=20 |issue=1 |issn=1092-1311}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> India's supreme court has played a significant role in shaping the censorship board's approach to westernization of Bollywood films. The court has shown a more liberal outlook toward creative expression in Indian cinema, and has intervened in cases where the censorship board's decisions were deemed excessive or arbitrary.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Censorship of Films |url=https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-351-censorship-of-films.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=legalserviceindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; This has led to a more nuanced approach toward issues of westernization in Bollywood, with the court balancing the need to preserve Indian culture and values with the need to allow filmmakers to freely express themselves.<br /> <br /> According to the [[Supreme Court of India]]:&lt;ref name=&quot;CBFC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?unique_page_id=6 |title=Background |publisher=Central Board of Film Certification |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826234425/http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?unique_page_id=6 |archive-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{cquote|Film censorship becomes necessary because a film motivates thought and action and assures a high degree of attention and retention as compared to the printed word. The combination of act and speech, sight and sound in semi darkness of the theatre with elimination of all distracting ideas will have a strong impact on the minds of the viewers and can affect emotions. Therefore, it has as much potential for evil as it has for good and has an equal potential to instill or cultivate violent or bad behaviour. It cannot be equated with other modes of communication. Censorship by [[prior restraint]] is, therefore, not only desirable but also necessary}}<br /> <br /> In 2006, seven [[states and territories of India|states]] ([[Nagaland]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Goa]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]) banned the release or exhibition of the [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] movie ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'' (and also [[The Da Vinci Code|the book]]),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5043934.stm India extends Da Vinci Code ban]&quot;, ''BBC News'', 3 June 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; although the CBFC cleared the film for adult viewing throughout India.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4995122.stm India censors clear Da Vinci Code]&quot;, ''BBC News'', 18 May 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; However, the respective high courts lifted the ban and the movie was shown in the two states.<br /> <br /> In 2013, Kamal Haasan's ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' was banned from the screening for a period of two weeks in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, the investigative documentary [[No Fire Zone|No Fire Zone: In the Killing Fields of Sri Lanka]] by [[Callum Macrae]] was refused certification by the CBFC on the grounds that it would damage India-Sri Lanka relationship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/%E2%80%98no-fire-zone%E2%80%99-documentary-banned-india | title='No Fire Zone' documentary banned in India | publisher=Tamil Guardian | date=21 February 2014 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same rationale was used for the board's 2015 refusal to certify ''[[Porkalathil Oru Poo]]'', a biopic of [[Isaipriya]], a TV journalist raped and murdered by members of the Sri Lankan Army,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/no-censor-certificate-for-tamil-film-on-lankan-tv-journalist/story-EZJOMq9NoBbqz3hWZIHwuK.html | title=No censor certificate for Tamil film on Lankan TV journalist | publisher=Hindustan Times | work=Gautaman Bhaskaran | date=26 May 2015 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in 2017, when [[Neelam (film)|Neelam]], a film based on the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] and the rise of the Tamil Groups including the [[LTTE]] was likewise denied certification.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/28/tamil-film-neelam-on-sri-lankan-civil-war-denied-certification-1685292.html | title=Tamil film 'Neelam' on Sri Lankan civil war denied certification | publisher=The New Indian Express | date=28 October 2017 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, the CBFC demanded four cuts (three visual and one audio) from the art-house Malayalam feature film ''[[Chaayam Poosiya Veedu]]'' (''[[The Painted House]]'') directed by brothers [[Santosh Babusenan]] and [[Satish Babusenan]] because the film contained scenes where the female lead was shown in the nude. The directors refused to make any changes whatsoever to the film and hence the film was denied a certificate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Praveen|first1=S.R.|title=Directors out against CBFC directives|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/directors-out-against-cbfc-directives/article7598642.ece|access-date=31 August 2015|issue=Thiruvananthapuram|work=The Hindu|date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Film denied certificate for depicting nudity|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31811&amp;articlexml=Film-denied-certificate-for-depicting-nudity-25082015004061|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006162408/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31811&amp;articlexml=Film-denied-certificate-for-depicting-nudity-25082015004061|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2015|access-date=25 August 2015|agency=Times News Network|issue=Kochi|work=The Times of India|date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Infringement on Artistic Expression Flayed|url=http://epaper.newindianexpress.com/c/6311455|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006200924/http://epaper.newindianexpress.com/c/6311455|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2015|access-date=25 August 2015|agency=ENS|issue=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Producers of film refuse censor cuts|issue=Thiruvananthapuram|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ayyappan|first1=R|title=Exposed: Censors' Obsolete Norms|agency=DC|issue=Thiruvananthapuram|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=26 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, the noted documentary film-makers Jharana Jhaveri and Anurag Singh's &quot;Charlie and the Coca Cola Company: Quit India&quot; ran into trouble with the CBFC, and the case is still pending. In 20 pages, the appellate cited 20 objections to the release of the documentary, thought it did not suggest a single cut. The two-hour twenty minute documentary exposes the cola companies of abusing ground water, land, livelihoods, rivers, and the laws of the land. The documentary also holds actors &amp; TV guilty and accountable for having violated the ethical and moral boundaries for profit over sustainability.<br /> <br /> In 2023, [[The Kerala Story]], an allegedly [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] film based on the theory of [[Love jihad conspiracy theory|love jihad]] was banned from screening in West Bengal. The then chief minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] said that the decision was taken to &quot;maintain peace in Bengal” and to avoid any incident of hate crime and violence.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bengal bans The Kerala Story to 'maintain peace' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-govt-bans-the-kerala-story-2376421-2023-05-08 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-09 |title=The Kerala Story: West Bengal ban on Islamic State film sparks row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65523873 |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; However soon later, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ordered the ban to be lifted hearing a plea from the filmmakers, observing that fundamental right to free speech can’t be made dependent on public display of emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Supreme Court stays West Bengal govt order banning film 'The Kerala Story' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-order-west-bengal-ban-the-kerala-story-8616483/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Why ban Kerala Story, SC asks Bengal government |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-ban-kerala-story-sc-asks-bengal-government/articleshow/100196327.cms |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-18 |title=The Kerala Story: Supreme Court lifts West Bengal's ban on Islamic State film |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65559491 |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> <br /> In February 2013, in the wake of controversy over suspension of exhibition of the film, ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'', the Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting constituted a panel under the Chairmanship of Justice (Retd.) [[Mukul Mudgal]] to examine issues of film certification under the Cinematograph Act 1952. One of the [http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91998 terms of reference] for the committee is to examine &quot;the requirement of special categories of certification for the purposes of broadcasting on television channels and radio stations.&quot; But, the committee had not made any [https://web.archive.org/web/20140108081209/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/documents/Report_of_Expert_committee.pdf recommendations] on this important matter.<br /> <br /> The current classifications of films in India are as follows:<br /> * '''अ / U'''&amp;nbsp;– unrestricted public exhibition;<br /> * '''अ/व / U/A'''&amp;nbsp;– unrestricted public exhibition, but with a caution regarding parental guidance to those under 12 years of age;<br /> * '''व / A'''&amp;nbsp;– public exhibition restricted to adults 18 years of age and older only;<br /> * '''S'''&amp;nbsp;– public exhibition restricted to members of a profession or a class of persons (e.g. [[Doctor (title)|doctors]] etc.)—very rare.<br /> <br /> ===Music===<br /> [[Thrash metal]] band [[Slayer|Slayer's]] 2006 album ''[[Christ Illusion]]'' was banned in India after [[Catholicism|Catholic]] churches in the country took offense to the artwork of the album and a few song titles and launched a protest against it. The album was taken off shelves and the remaining catalogue was burnt by [[EMI|EMI Music India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AlbumsDestroyed&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6039976.stm|title='Offensive' album pulled in India|date=11 October 2006|work=BBC.co.uk|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===&lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;Dramas&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Theatre===<br /> In 1978, [[Kiran Nagarkar]] wrote the play ''Bedtime Story'', based partly on the [[Mahābhārata]]. Its performance was partially [[ban (law)|banned]] for 17 years by conservative Hindu organizations and parties like [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]], [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and [[Hindu Mahasabha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Banned3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Salil |title=When Kiran Nagarkar said the unsayable |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/2izXvQjOpQm0hFGPz0vdIK/When-Kiran-Nagarkar-said-the-unsayable.html?facet=amp |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=livemint.com |agency=[[Mint (newspaper)|livemint]] |publisher=[[HT Media]] |date=28 February 2015 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Banned1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Award-winning author Kiran Nagarkar dies |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/award-winning-author-kiran-nagarkar-dies/articleshow/71001678.cms |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=Mumbai Mirror |agency=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |issue=2 |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Tejuja |first1=Vivek |title=Kiran Nagarkar's 'Bedtime Story and Black Tulip' a terrific read |url=https://www.news18.com/news/books/book-review-bedtime-story-and-black-tulip-975182.html |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=news18.com |agency=[[News18]] |publisher=[[Network18 Group]] |date=20 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Amrita |title=The bilingual bard of Bombay and Mumbai, Kiran Nagarkar gave Indian writing in English an electric charge |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kiran-nagarkar-dead-english-writer-the-bilingual-bard-of-bombay-and-mumbai-5970829/lite/ |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=The Indian Express |agency=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Group]] |date=6 September 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |title=Mumbai is indifferent to the rest of the country: author Kiran Nagarkar |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/we-just-don-t-care-for-mumbai-anymore-kiran-nagarkar/story-NrP2MiU1ObqKcpG7CaNUAN_amp.html |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=hindustantimes.com |agency=[[Hindustan Times]] |issue=2 |publisher=[[HT Media]] |date=17 March 2016 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Chandrima S. |title=Duty to protest: Author |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/duty-to-protest-author/cid/1509437 |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=telegraphindia.com |agency=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |issue=1 |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |date=29 October 2015 |location=[[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Party Ban&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Purandare |first1=Vaibhav |editor1-last=Sundarji |editor1-first=Padma Rao |editor2-last=Dasgupta |editor2-first=Shrabani |editor3-last=Mathpal |editor3-first=Sanjeev |editor4-last=Sahadevan |editor4-first=Shaji |title=Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena |date=2012 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |location=[[Mumbai, Maharashtra]] |isbn=9788174369918 |pages=288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JS1hBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=bedtime+story+banned+kiran+shiv+sena&amp;pg=PT122 |access-date=6 September 2019 |language=en |quote=In 1977-78, the [Shiv Sena] party, along with the RSS and the Hindu Mahasabha, extra-legally banned ''Bedtime Story'', a play written by Kiran Nagarkar.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1999, the [[Maharashtra]] government banned the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] play ''Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy'' or ''I, [[Nathuram Godse]], Am Speaking''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/135340.stm | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Gandhi play banned | date=18 July 1998 | access-date=28 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ban was challenged before the [[Bombay High Court]], which rescinded it as exceeding government authority and illegal.<br /> <br /> In 2004, Eve Ensler's ''[[The Vagina Monologues]]'' was banned in Chennai. The play, however, has played successfully in many other parts of the country since 2003. A Hindi version of the play has been performing since 2007.<br /> <br /> ===Maps===<br /> In 1961, it was criminalised in India to question the territorial integrity of [[Survey of India|frontiers of India]] in a manner which is, or is likely to be, prejudicial to the interests of the safety or security of India.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Criminal-Law-Amendment-Act-1961.htm The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1961] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115065227/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Criminal-Law-Amendment-Act-1961.htm |date=15 November 2011 }}, Vakilno1.com&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Books===<br /> {{Main|Book censorship in India}}<br /> <br /> {{See also|List of books banned in India}}<br /> *Beginning in 1975, India banned ''[[Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2323&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Sreemanti |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Empty Symbol: The Little Red Book in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|page=|pages=118, 127}}<br /> *Several books of the Bangladeshi writer [[Taslima Nasrin]] have been banned in [[West Bengal]] due to Alleged Separatism Promotion.<br /> * In 1989, The import&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Reading-Satanic-Verses-legal/articleshow/11622048.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429125416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-25/india/30662344_1_import-ban-book-satanic-verses | url-status=live | archive-date=29 April 2013 | author=Manoj Mitta | title=Reading 'Satanic Verses' legal | date=25 January 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=24 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Salman Rushdie]]'s ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' was banned in India for its purported attacks on [[Islam]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/190588.stm Rushdie 'hurt' by India ban ]&quot;, BBC News, 10 October 1998. Retrieved 29 May 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; India lifted the Ban in May 2011.<br /> * In 1990, ''Understanding Islam through Hadis'' by [[Ram Swarup]] was banned.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130203115940/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100718/jsp/7days/story_12697165.jsp &quot;Publish and be banned&quot;], ''The Telegraph'' (Calcutta), 18 July 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, the Hindi translation of the book was banned, and in March 1991 the English original became banned as well.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindustantoday.com/2013/05/25/top-10-books-those-banned-in-india/ &quot;Top 10 Books those Banned in India&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030618/http://www.hindustantoday.com/2013/05/25/top-10-books-those-banned-in-india/ |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''Hindustan Today''. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India'' by American scholar James Laine was banned in 2004 by Centre Left, Indian National Congress due to Promotion of Indic Values and Hindutva.&lt;ref&gt;[http://faculty.washington.edu/novetzke/Novetzke%20Laine%20Article.pdf &quot;The Laine Controversy and the Study of Hinduism&quot;], Christian Lee Novetzki, ''International Journal of Hindu Studies'' (World Heritage Press), Volume 8, Issue 1-3 (2004), pages 183-201, ISSN 1022-4556, DOI 10.1007/s11407-004-0008-9. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Laine's translation of the 300-year-old poem ''Sivabharata'', entitled ''The Epic of Shivaji'', was banned in January 2006.&lt;ref name=TwoCircles-May2010&gt;[http://twocircles.net/2010may27/hypocrisy_guise_freedom_expression.html &quot;Hypocrisy in the guise of freedom of expression&quot;], M. Zajam, TwoCircles, 28 May 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; The ban followed an attack by [[Sambhaji]] Brigade activists on the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]] in [[Pune]]. The subsequent governments have not revoked the ban.&lt;ref&gt;[http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/education/archive/060122/education2.htm &quot;History epic on Shivaji banned in India&quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200811/http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/education/archive/060122/education2.htm |date=29 October 2013 }}, Basharat Peer, ''Dawn'', 22 January 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] the ''[[Bhavsagar Granth]]'' (''Bhavsagar Samunder Amrit Vani Granth''), a 2,704-page religious treatise was banned by the state government in 2001,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.epw.in/insight/caste-and-religion-punjab.html |title=Caste and Religion in Punjab |work=Economic and Political Weekly |date=26 May 2007 |access-date=5 October 2008}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; following clashes between mainstream Sikhs and the apostate [[Sikh]] sect that produced it. It was said{{Who|date=January 2010}} that the granth had copied a number of portions from the Guru Granth Sahib. In one of the photographs it showed [[Baba Bhaniara]], wearing a shining coat and [[Punjab plume controversy|headdress]] in a style similar to that made familiar through the popular posters of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth guru of the Sikhs. In another Baba Bhaniara is shown riding a horse in the manner of Guru Gobind Singh. The ban was lifted in November 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1822/18220490.htm A godman and a political storm&quot;], Praveen Swami, ''Frontline'' (published by ''The Hindu''), Volume 18, Issue 22 (October/November 2001). Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[The Polyester Prince]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.allenandunwin.com/default.aspx?page=94&amp;book=9781864484687 ''The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211113/https://www.allenandunwin.com/default.aspx?page=94&amp;book=9781864484687 |date=29 October 2013 }}, Hamish McDonald, Allen &amp; Unwin, 1998, 273 pages, {{ISBN|1-86448-468-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; a biography of the Indian businessman [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] was banned after Reliance obtained a court injunction on anticipatory defamation grounds.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130203201914/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110730/jsp/opinion/story_14295812.jsp &quot;Ban the Ban: The republic of India bans books with a depressing frequency&quot;], Rramachandra Guha, ''The Telegraph'' (Calcutta), 30 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Importing the book ''[[The True Furqan]]'' (''al-Furqan al-Haqq'') by Al Saffee and Al Mahdee into India has been prohibited since September 2005.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act/notifications/notfns-2k5/csnt78-2k5.htm &quot;Notification No. 78 /2005-Customs (N.T.)&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424042524/http://www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act/notifications/notfns-2k5/csnt78-2k5.htm |date=24 April 2015 }}, Anupam Prakash, Under Secretary to the Government of India, 7 September 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * R.V. Bhasin's ''Islam - A Concept of Political World Invasion by Muslims'' was banned in [[Maharashtra]] in 2007 during the tenure of [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] (ex Chief Minister, Maharashtra) on grounds that it promotes communal disharmony between Hindus and Muslims.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindujagruti.org/news/1871.html &quot;Book on Islam banned, author's house raided in Mumbai&quot;], Hindu Janajagruti Samiti, 7 April 2007. Retrieved on 9 May 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/judgements/2010/CRAPPLN142107.pdf Criminal Application No.1421 of 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430210808/http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/judgements/2010/CRAPPLN142107.pdf |date=30 April 2013 }}. The High Court of Judicature at Bombay. 6 January 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5761246W/Islam_a_concept_of_political_world_invasion_by_Muslims ''Islam, a concept of political world invasion by Muslims''], R.V. Bhasin, National Publications (Mumbai), 166 pages, 2003. Retrieved 24 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Internet===<br /> {{Main|Internet censorship in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Freedom House|Freedom House's]] ''Freedom on the Net 2015'' report gives India a Freedom on the Net Status of &quot;Partly Free&quot; with a rating of 40 (scale from 0 to 100, lower is better). Its Obstacles to Access was rated 12 (0-25 scale), Limits on Content was rated 10 (0-35 scale) and Violations of User Rights was rated 18 (0-40 scale).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2015/india|title=India|website=freedomhouse.org|access-date=9 April 2016|archive-date=12 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312152959/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2015/india|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; India was ranked 29th out of the 65 countries included in the 2015 report.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net-2015/table-country-scores|title=Table of Country Scores|website=freedomhouse.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''Freedom on the Net 2012'' report says:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/India%202012.pdf &quot;India Country Report&quot;], ''Freedom on the Net 2012'', Freedom House. Retrieved 25 September 2012&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * India's overall Internet Freedom Status is &quot;Partly Free&quot;, unchanged from 2009.<br /> * India has a score of 39 on a scale from 0 (most free) to 100 (least free), which places India 20 out of the 47 countries worldwide that were included in the 2012 report. India ranked 14 out of 37 countries in the 2011 report.<br /> * India ranks third out of the eleven countries in Asia included in the 2012 report.<br /> * Prior to 2008, censorship of internet content by the Indian government was relatively rare and sporadic.<br /> * Following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, which killed 171 people, the Indian Parliament passed amendments to the Information Technology Act (ITA) that expanded the government's censorship and monitoring capabilities.<br /> * While there is no sustained government policy or strategy to block access to internet content on a large scale, measures for removing certain content from the internet, sometimes for fear that they could incite attacks, have become more common.<br /> * Pressure on private companies to remove information that is perceived to endanger public order or national security has increased since late 2009, with the implementation of the amended ITA. Companies are required to have designated employees to receive government blocking requests, and assigns up to seven years' imprisonment private service providers—including ISPs, search engines, and cybercafes—that do not comply with the government's blocking requests.<br /> * Internet users have sporadically faced prosecution for online postings, and private companies hosting the content are obliged by law to hand over user information to the authorities.<br /> * In 2009, India's supreme court ruled that bloggers and moderators can face libel suits and even criminal prosecution for comments posted on their websites.<br /> * Prior judicial approval for communications interception is not required and both central and state governments have the power to issue directives on interception, monitoring, and decryption. All licensed ISPs are obliged by law to sign an agreement that allows Indian government authorities to access user data.<br /> <br /> India is classified as engaged in &quot;selective&quot; internet filtering in the conflict/security and internet tools areas, and as showing &quot;no evidence&quot; of filtering in the political and social areas by the [[OpenNet Initiative]] in May 2007.&lt;ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India&gt;[http://opennet.net/research/profiles/india &quot;ONI Country Profile: India&quot;], OpenNet Initiative, 9 May 2007&lt;/ref&gt; ONI states that:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> As a stable democracy with strong protections for press freedom, India’s experiments with [internet] filtering have been brought into the fold of public discourse. The selective censorship of [websites] and blogs since 2003, made even more disjointed by the non-uniform responses of [internet] service providers (ISPs), has inspired a clamour of opposition. Clearly government regulation and implementation of filtering are still evolving. … Amidst widespread speculation in the media and blogosphere about the state of filtering in India, the sites actually blocked indicate that while the filtering system in place yields inconsistent results, it nevertheless continues to be aligned with and driven by government efforts. Government attempts at filtering have not been entirely effective, as blocked content has quickly migrated to other [websites] and users have found ways to circumvent filtering. The government has also been criticised for a poor understanding of the technical feasibility of censorship and for haphazardly choosing which [websites] to block. The amended IT Act, absolving intermediaries from being responsible for third-party created content, could signal stronger government monitoring in the future.&lt;ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India/&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> A &quot;Transparency Report&quot; from [[Google]] indicates that the [[Government of India]] initiated 67 content removal requests between July and December 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-asked-google-to-block-content-critical-of-government/article2142480.ece India asked Google to block content critical of government ] [[The Hindu]] - 29 June 2011&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After the beginning of the [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|2020-2021 China-India skirmishes]], India [[Censorship of TikTok|banned TikTok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=China's Digital Expansion in the Global South |date=2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-032-94328-2 |editor-last=Foster |editor-first=Christopher |location=London |chapter=China's Digital Expansion in the Global South: Systemic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda |editor-last2=Gao |editor-first2=Ping |editor-last3=Han |editor-first3=Xia |editor-last4=Heeks |editor-first4=Richard |editor-last5=Jepson |editor-first5=Nicholas |editor-last6=Schindler |editor-first6=Seth |editor-last7=Zhou |editor-first7=Qingna}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Reference page|page=11}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Freedom of speech|India}}<br /> * [[Ethical Code for Digital News Websites]]<br /> * [[Freedom of the press in British India]]<br /> * [[Television content rating systems#India|Television content rating systems in India]]<br /> * [[List of films banned in India]]<br /> * [[List of books banned in India]]<br /> * [[List of pornography laws by region#India|Pornography laws in India]]<br /> * [[Internet censorship in India]]<br /> * [[Central Board of Film Certification]], the Indian film classification and censorship body<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ;Further reading<br /> *[[Chandmal Chopra]] and [[Sita Ram Goel]]. 1987. ''[[The Calcutta Quran Petition]]''. New Delhi: Voice of India.<br /> *Elst, Koenraad. 1992. '[https://archive.org/details/negationism-in-india-concealing-the-record-of-islam/ Negationism in India: Concealing the Record of Islam]'.<br /> *Kumar, Nishant. ''Religious Offense and Censorship of Publications: An Enquiry through the Prism of Indian Laws and the Judiciary.'' New Delhi: Routledge India, 2023.<br /> *[[Arun Shourie]], [[Ram Swarup]], and Goel, Sita Ram Goel, 1998. ''Freedom of expression: secular theocracy versus liberal democracy''.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.ifex.org/india/ Freedom of Expression in India], [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]] (IFEX).<br /> *[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/war-over-words/67185C1EB741EA6917CD1A8B0096B49E Devika Sethi, War over Words: Censorship in India, 1930-60 (Cambridge University Press, 2019)].<br /> <br /> {{India topics}}<br /> {{Social issues in India}}<br /> {{Asia topic|Censorship in}}<br /> {{Censorship}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Censorship in India}}<br /> [[Category:Censorship in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of India]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jawar,_Sehore&diff=505890 2026-02-06T15:41:31Z

<p>InstaNews: post...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Jawar <br /> | settlement_type = [[Town]]<br /> | pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.00|N|76.50|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Sehore District]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Nagar panchayat <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 8,206<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP 37]]<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 466221<br /> }}<br /> '''Jawar''' is a [[nagar panchayat]] and a town in [[Sehore District]] of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is also a [[tehsil]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://sehore.nic.in/en/revenue-administration/ Government of Madhya Pradesh: Sehore District]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Jawar is located at {{coord|23.00|N|76.50|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 303&amp;nbsp;metres (994&amp;nbsp;feet). [[Newaj River]] Flows In town.It is located near Vindhyachal Range and surrounded by mountains.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Iawar.html&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Jawar Nagar Panchayat has population of 8,206 of which 4,182 are males while 4,024 are females as Census India 2011.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802317-jawar-madhya-pradesh.html&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Civil Administration==<br /> Jawar is a Nagar Panchayat city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.Jawar Nagar Panchayat has total administration over 1,502 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.&lt;ref&gt;https://sehore.nic.in/en/public-utility/nagar-panchayat-jawar/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> Jawar is well connected with roads. Sehore is 70 km away from jawar. Roads connected it from other city of district.<br /> <br /> Nearest Airport is Bhopal Airport.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Bhopal Division}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Sehore district]]<br /> <br /> {{Bhopal-geo-stub}}</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Paravur_Municipal_Council_election&diff=549170 2026-01-27T20:23:31Z

<p>InstaNews: Post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 2020 Paravur Municipal election<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = parliamentary<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | previous_election = <br /> | previous_year = 2015<br /> | next_election = <br /> | next_year = 2025<br /> | election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|12|08}}<br /> | seats_for_election = All 32 councils in the Paravur Municipality<br /> | majority_seats = 17<br /> | turnout = 73.07% ({{decrease}}3.16%)<br /> | leader1 = <br /> | leader_since1 = <br /> | party1 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> | alliance1 = {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | leaders_seat1 = <br /> | seats_needed1 = <br /> | seats1 = 14<br /> | last_election1 = 18<br /> | seat_change1 = 4{{decrease}}<br /> | popular_vote1 = 9,603<br /> | percentage1 = 41.91%<br /> | swing1 = <br /> | image1 = &lt;div style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:70px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; font-size:30px;&quot;&gt; '''CPI(M)'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> | image2 = &lt;div style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:70px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; font-size:30px;&quot;&gt; '''INC'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> | image3 = &lt;div style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:70px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; font-size:30px;&quot;&gt; '''BJP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; <br /> | leader2 = <br /> | leader_since2 = <br /> | party2 = Indian National Congress<br /> | alliance2 = {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | leaders_seat2 = <br /> | seats_needed2 = <br /> | seats2 = 14<br /> | last_election2 = 11<br /> | seat_change2 = 3{{increase}}<br /> | popular_vote2 = 7,451<br /> | percentage2 = 32.52%<br /> | swing2 = <br /> | leader3 = <br /> | leader_since3 = <br /> | party3 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | alliance3 = {{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | leaders_seat3 = <br /> | seats_needed3 = <br /> | seats3 = 4<br /> | last_election3 = 3<br /> | seat_change3 = 1{{increase}}<br /> | popular_vote3 = 4,772<br /> | percentage3 = 20.82%<br /> | swing3 = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | title = Municipal Chairman<br /> | posttitle = Elected Municipal Chairman<br /> | before_election = K. P. Kurup<br /> | before_party = CPI(M)<br /> | after_election = P.Sreeja<br /> | after_party = Indian National Congress<br /> | party_colour = #AAAAAA<br /> | map = <br /> }}<br /> The 8th [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur Municipal]] council election was held on 8 December 2020 and the result announced on 16 December. Both [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] and [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] fronts won 14 seats each and [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] won 4 seats. The result declared as Hung because none of the fronts got the minimum seats to rule&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kerala local body polls in three phases in December|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/nov/06/kerala-local-body-polls-in-three-phases-in-december-2220220.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;73 turn up&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-12-08|title=73% turn up to vote in Kollam|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/73-turn-up-to-vote-in-kollam/article33283330.ece|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Paravur was one of the 4 panchayaths initially formed in the erstwhile [[Travancore|Travancore state]]. It was formed in the year 1937 along with [[Nedumangad]], [[Perumbavoor]], [[Boothapandi]]''(now in Tamilnadu)''. The first panchayath election held in 1942. There was only one ward in Paravur then. In 1953, Paravur panchayath bifurcated and formed [[Poothakkulam]] panchayath from it. Later in 1985, Paravur upgraded as a municipality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paravur Municipality|language=en-IN|url=http://www.paravurmunicipality.in/|access-date=2020-12-10|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127114519/http://www.paravurmunicipality.in/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Election history===<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year of election!! Cast votes !! Polling rate !![[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] !! [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] !! [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] !! Others !! Total seats !! Winner<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || 22,912 || 73.07 || 14 || 14 || 4 || 0 || 32 || ''Hung''<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || 20,903 || 76.23 || 17 || 10 || 3 || 2 || 32 || [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2015/176 |title=LLSGI Election - 2015 (Paravur Municipality) |publisher=Local Self Government Department - Kerala |access-date=10 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ldf-retains-kollam-corpn/article7857427.ece |title=LDF retains Kollam Corpn. |publisher=The Hindu |date=8 November 2015 |access-date=10 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || NA || NA || 15 || 16 || 1 || 0 || 32 || ''Hung''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2010/176 |title=LLSGI Election - 2010 (Paravur Municipality) |publisher=Local Self Government Department - Kerala |access-date=10 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The tenure of the members of the municipal council of Paravur ended on early November 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-12|title=Notification issued for Kerala local bodies polls|language=en-IN|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/notification-issued-for-the-local-body-polls/article33082203.ece|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; As per the voters list published in 2020 November, there were around 31,358 eligible voters (14,140 male voters, 17,218 female voters) in which 22,912 (10,002 male voters and 12,910 female voters) cast their votes through 32 polling stations in the municipal area. The total polling rate was 73.07%.&lt;ref name=&quot;73 turn up&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kerala local body election 2020 live updates|language=en-IN|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-local-body-elections-2020-live-updates/liveblog/79617280.cms|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=73.07% polling in Paravur municipality 74.63% in Poothakulam gram panchayat|language=en-IN|work=Mathrubhumi|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/kollam/news/09dec2020-1.5265853|access-date=2020-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; |<br /> |+ Details of voters in Paravur for the municipal election 2020<br /> |-<br /> ! Group of voters !! Voters population !! Cast votes<br /> |-<br /> | Male || 14,140 || 10,002<br /> |-<br /> | Female || 17,218 || 12,910<br /> |-<br /> |Third Gender<br /> |0 || 0<br /> |-<br /> |'''Total Voters'''|| '''31,358''' || '''22,912'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> There were 32 wards with one polling booth in each ward. The vote counting station in the municipality is Kottapuram Government LP School.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; | align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Councils in Paravur Municipality<br /> |-<br /> |Perumpuzha||Vinayakar|||Nedungolam||Parayilkavu<br /> |-<br /> |Kochalummoodu||Pashumon||Ayiravilly||Peraal<br /> |-<br /> |Ollal||Krishibhavan||Market||Town<br /> |-<br /> |Aattinpuram||Puthiyidam||Kottamoola||Nerukadavu<br /> |-<br /> |Thekkumbhagam||Puthiyakavu||Vadakkumbhagam||Kurandikulam<br /> |-<br /> |Chillaykkal||Pozhikkara||Anchal Office||Maniyankulam<br /> |-<br /> |Kurumandal||Puttingal||Railway Station||Punjirakkulam<br /> |-<br /> |Kallumkunnu||Mangakunnu||Pukkulam||Yakshikkavu<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Parties and coalitions==<br /> There are two major political coalitions in Paravur. The [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] (LDF) is the coalition of left wing and far-left parties, led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF) is the coalition of centrist and centre-left parties led by the [[Indian National Congress]].<br /> <br /> ===[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Party !! Flag<br /> !Symbol!!Leader<br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Male<br /> !Female<br /> |-<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|50px]] <br /> |[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]||K. P. Kurup<br /> |26<br /> |10<br /> |16<br /> |-<br /> | [[Communist Party of India]] ||[[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]] <br /> |[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]||--<br /> |6<br /> |2<br /> |4<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]]===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Party !! Flag<br /> !Symbol!!Leader<br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Male<br /> !Female<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian National Congress]] ||[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]||<br /> |Paravur Mohandas<br /> |28<br /> |13<br /> |15<br /> |-<br /> | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] ||[[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]] <br /> | ||--<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |2<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Union Muslim League]] ||[[File:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg|50px|alt=|center|frameless]]||<br /> |<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===[[National Democratic Alliance]]===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Party !! Flag<br /> !Symbol!!Leader<br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Male<br /> !Female<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | <br /> | [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|40px]]<br /> | Mylakkal Ashokan<br /> |31<br /> |12<br /> |19<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> &lt;!-- {{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=43.48|label1=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color1={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=38.81|label2=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color2={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=14.96|label3=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|color3={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}}}<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ward-wise===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsible&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;width:55%; font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Ward No. <br /> ! Ward<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#ED1C24; color:black;&quot;| LDF candidate<br /> ! Party<br /> ! Votes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:black;&quot;| UDF candidate<br /> ! Party<br /> ! Votes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#F97D09; color:black;&quot;| NDA candidate<br /> ! Party<br /> ! Votes<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! Margin<br /> ! Winning party<br /> ! Winning Alliance<br /> |-<br /> <br /> | 01<br /> | Perumpuzha<br /> | Sabu.G<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 234<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Vijay R.S<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 303<br /> | Pradeep Kumar<br /> | BJP<br /> | 98<br /> | Vijay R.S<br /> | 69<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 02<br /> | Vinayakar<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| G.Suresh babu<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 325<br /> | R.Jayanadh<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 172<br /> | R.Gopalakrishna Pillai<br /> | BJP<br /> | 156<br /> | G.Suresh babu<br /> | 153<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 03<br /> | [[Nedungolam|Nedumgolam]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| V.Ambika<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 276<br /> | Manikrishnan<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 226<br /> | Sindhu Sudheer<br /> | BJP<br /> | 92<br /> | V.Ambika<br /> | 50<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 04<br /> | Parayilkavu<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Manju Vijayachandran<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 421<br /> | Sheeja Hrishikesh<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 87<br /> | Manju Parayilkavu<br /> | BJP<br /> | 285<br /> | Manju Vijayachandran<br /> | 136<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 05<br /> | Kochalummood<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| N.Rajeev<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 450<br /> | N.Reghu<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 195<br /> | Chithralekha C.S<br /> | BJP<br /> | 287<br /> | N.Rajeev<br /> | 163<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 06<br /> | Pashuman<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| B.Ashok Kumar<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 521<br /> | Adv.B.Ajith<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 59<br /> | V.Ashokan<br /> | BJP<br /> | 159<br /> | B.Ashok Kumar<br /> | 362<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 07<br /> | Ayiravilli<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| T.C Raju<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 326<br /> | Jayashankar Bhaskar<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 149<br /> | Madhusoodanan<br /> | BJP<br /> | 86<br /> | T.C Raju<br /> | 177<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 08<br /> | Peraal<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| L.Deepa<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 457<br /> | Biji Balachandran<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 132<br /> | Sajitha Surendran<br /> | BJP<br /> | 196<br /> | L.Deepa<br /> | 261<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 09<br /> | Ollal<br /> | Jesin Kumar<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 244<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Renjith.R<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 330<br /> | Manju.S<br /> | BJP<br /> | 204<br /> | Renjith.R<br /> | 86<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | Krishibhavan<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| P.Nishakumari<br /> | CPI<br /> | 297<br /> | N.Deepak<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 124<br /> | Sunilal<br /> | BJP<br /> | 75<br /> | P.Nishakumari<br /> | 47<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | Market<br /> | C.Rekha<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 154<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| R.Shaji<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 370<br /> | Mylakkal Ashokan<br /> | BJP<br /> | 24<br /> | R.Shaji<br /> | 216<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | Town<br /> | Premlal G.S<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 206<br /> | Satheesh Vavara<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 178<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Swarnnamma Suresh<br /> | BJP<br /> | 449<br /> | Swarnnamma Suresh<br /> | 243<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF7E00; color:white;&quot; |BJP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f90; color:black;&quot;| NDA<br /> |-<br /> | 13<br /> | Attinpuram<br /> | Athira.J<br /> | CPI<br /> | 200<br /> | Suprabhangy.S<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 121<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Anisha.S<br /> | BJP<br /> | 289<br /> | Anisha.S<br /> | 89<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF7E00; color:white;&quot; |BJP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f90; color:black;&quot;| NDA<br /> |-<br /> | 14<br /> | Puthiyidam<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| O.Shailaja<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 455<br /> | O.Rajani<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 175<br /> | Radhikarani<br /> | BJP<br /> | 243<br /> | O.Shailaja<br /> | 212<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | Kottamoola<br /> | V.Sheela Kumary<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 307<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Sreeja.P<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 358<br /> | Geethabhai Amma<br /> | BJP<br /> | 88<br /> | Sreeja.P<br /> | 51<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | Nerukadav<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| A.Safarulla<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 294<br /> | Shibinad<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 119<br /> | Anil Kumar<br /> | BJP<br /> | 10<br /> | A.Safarulla<br /> | 49<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | [[Thekkumbhagam]]<br /> | K.M Zaheer<br /> | CPI<br /> | 200<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Shereef<br /> | IUML<br /> | 219<br /> | Shyamprakash<br /> | BJP<br /> | 2<br /> | Shereef<br /> | 19<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |IUML<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | Puthiyakav<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Sanal Lal.J<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 377<br /> | A.Shuhaib<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 158<br /> | Laila Ananthazhikam<br /> | BJP<br /> | 9<br /> | Sanal Lal.J<br /> | 219<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | Vadakkumbhagam<br /> | Reena Kamal<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 260<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Liby.T<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 266<br /> | Ashalatha.A<br /> | BJP<br /> | 3<br /> | Liby.T<br /> | 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | Kurandikulam<br /> | Soja Mujeeb<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 317<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Arifa Teacher<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 455<br /> | Sindhu<br /> | BJP<br /> | 51<br /> | Arifa Teacher<br /> | 136<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 21<br /> | Chillaikkal<br /> | Asoora Beevi.S<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 296<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Khadeeja Beevi<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 405<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Khadeeja Beevi<br /> | 109<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 22<br /> | [[Pozhikkara]]<br /> | Remya Chandran<br /> | CPI<br /> | 158<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| B.Vimalambika<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 292<br /> | Sreekala.S<br /> | BJP<br /> | 137<br /> | B.Vimalambika<br /> | 134<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | Anchal Office<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Naseema<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 360<br /> | Rashida.R<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 329<br /> | Remya Krishnan<br /> | BJP<br /> | 22<br /> | Naseema<br /> | 31<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | Maniyamkulam<br /> | Hima Hari<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 230<br /> | Suja Suresh<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 70<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| S.Sheela<br /> | BJP<br /> | 346<br /> | S.Sheela<br /> | 116<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF7E00; color:white;&quot; |BJP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f90; color:black;&quot;| NDA<br /> |-<br /> | 25<br /> | Kurumandal<br /> | O.Komalam<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 245<br /> | Shreeja<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 116<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| L.Sindhu<br /> | BJP<br /> | 480<br /> | L.Sindhu<br /> | 235<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF7E00; color:white;&quot; |BJP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f90; color:black;&quot;| NDA<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | Puttingal<br /> | Sujiraj<br /> | CPI<br /> | 201<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Sudheerkumar<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 369<br /> | Sabin H.S<br /> | BJP<br /> | 155<br /> | Sudheerkumar<br /> | 168<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 27<br /> | Railway Station<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| S.Sreelal<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 365<br /> | Adv.Latha Mohandas<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 84<br /> | Pradeep.G<br /> | BJP<br /> | 308<br /> | S.Sreelal<br /> | 57<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | Punjirakkulam<br /> | C.Raji<br /> | CPI<br /> | 175<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Raji.S<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 333<br /> | Sukanya Surendran<br /> | BJP<br /> | 137<br /> | Raji.S<br /> | 158<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | Kallumkunnu<br /> | B.T Ambika<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 287<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Geetha.S<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 414<br /> | Saranya Manoj<br /> | BJP<br /> | 49<br /> | Geetha.S<br /> | 127<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |Indian National Congress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | Mangakunnu<br /> | G.Suresh babu<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 323<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Geetha.S<br /> | RSP<br /> | 433<br /> | Rajeev.C<br /> | BJP<br /> | 104<br /> | Geetha.S<br /> | 110<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |RSP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |-<br /> | 31<br /> | Pukkulam<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| Girija Pradeep<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 442<br /> | R.Sulochana<br /> | Indian National Congress<br /> | 99<br /> | Sindhu Sudheer<br /> | BJP<br /> | 92<br /> | Girija Pradeep<br /> | 298<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FF0000; color:black;&quot; | CPI (M)<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f00; color:black;&quot;| LDF<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | Yakshikkavu<br /> | Manju Vijayachandran<br /> | CPI(M)<br /> | 200<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightgreen;&quot;| A.Mini<br /> | RSP<br /> | 251<br /> | Mayarani<br /> | BJP<br /> | 84<br /> | A.Mini<br /> | 51<br /> | style=&quot;background:#00BFFF; color:white;&quot; |RSP<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:white;&quot;| UDF<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===By alliance===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ED1C24; color:black;&quot;|LDF<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ED1C24; color:black;&quot;|SEATS<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:black;&quot;|UDF<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:black;&quot;|SEATS<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FF9933; color:black;&quot;|NDA<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FF9933; color:black;&quot;|SEATS<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF; color:black;&quot;|OTHER<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF; color:black;&quot;|SEATS<br /> |-<br /> |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br /> |13<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |12<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> |4<br /> |IND<br /> |0<br /> |-<br /> |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br /> |1<br /> |[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br /> |2<br /> | --<br /> | --<br /> | --<br /> | --<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffe6e6;&quot;|Total<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ED1C24; color:black;&quot;|14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot;|Total<br /> | style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:black;&quot;|14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff3e1;&quot;|Total<br /> | style=&quot;background:#848482; color:black;&quot;|4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ff53e1;&quot;|Total<br /> | style=&quot;background:#842482; color:black;&quot;|0<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffe6e6;&quot;|Change<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ED1C24; color:black;&quot;| -3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#9f9;&quot;|Change<br /> | style=&quot;background:#0087BD; color:black;&quot;| +4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#e6ffe6;&quot;|Change<br /> | style=&quot;background:#848482; color:black;&quot;| +1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#e6ff26;&quot;|Change<br /> | style=&quot;background:#848422; color:black;&quot;| -2<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]]<br /> *[[2020 Kollam Municipal Corporation election]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Paravur}}<br /> {{Kerala elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020 Kerala local body elections]]<br /> [[Category:2020 elections in India]]<br /> [[Category:Elections in Kerala]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trun_No_Grah&diff=541977 2026-01-11T22:40:34Z

<p>InstaNews: Created new pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Collection of poems written in Gujarati-language by Natwarlal Kuberdas Pandya (1964)}}<br /> {{Infobox book<br /> | italic title = &lt;!--(see above)--&gt;<br /> | name = Trun No Grah&lt;br/&gt;<br /> તૃણનો ગ્રહ<br /> | image = Trun No Grah Coverpage.jpeg<br /> | caption = Cover<br /> | author = [[Ushnas]]<br /> | translator = <br /> | cover_artist = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | subject = <br /> | genre = Collection of poems<br /> | set_in = [[Surat]]<br /> | published = October 1964<br /> | publisher = Harihar Pustakalay<br /> | publisher2 = Jayantilal Vitthaldas Mehta<br /> | pub_date = <br /> | media_type = Print<br /> | pages = 132<br /> | awards = [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] (1963)<br /> | isbn = <br /> | isbn_note = <br /> | oclc = 30877851<br /> | dewey = 891.471<br /> | congress = PK1859.C285<br /> | preceded_by = Aardra<br /> | followed_by = <br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Trun No Grah''''' ({{langx|gu|તૃણનો ગ્રહ}}) is a collection of poems written in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] by Natwarlal Kuberdas Pandya, better known by his pen name '[[Ushnas]].' The book received the [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1963. It is considered one of the finest works of poetry in [[Gujarati literature]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Topiwala |first=Chandrakant |editor-last=Topiwala |editor-first=Chandrakant |encyclopedia=Gujarati Sahityakosh (Encyclopedia of Gujarati Literature) |title=Trun No Grah (1964) |language= Gujarati |year=1990 |publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |volume=2 |location=Ahmedabad |pages=184}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Origin ==<br /> The poems in ''Trun No Grah'', written by Ushnas between 1959 and 1963, were published during this period in several literary magazines, such as ''Sanskruti'', ''[[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]]'', ''Kshitij'', ''Vishwa Manav'', ''[[Kavilok]]'', ''Samarpan'', ''Manjari'', ''Akhandanand'', ''[[Ruchi (magazine)|Ruchi]]'', and ''Milan''.<br /> <br /> ''Trun No Grah'' was published in October 1964 by Harihar Pustakalay, [[Surat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Pandya |first=Natwarlal 'Ushnas' |date=October 1964 |title=Trun No Grah |location=Surat |publisher=Harihar Pustakalay }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!---There seems to be some discrepancy between the date that Pustakalay published the entire works of Ushnas' Poems and when the award was received for the book.---&gt;<br /> <br /> == Content ==<br /> Ushnas composed poems in a variety of formats, including [[haiku]], [[Geet (song)|geet]], [[ghazal]], [[sonnet]]s, [[free verse]], with most composed in [[Sanskrit prosody|Sanskrit meters]] such as ''Shikharini''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Trivedi |first=Dr. Ramesh M. |date=2015 |title=Arvachin Gujarati Sahityano Itihas (History of Modern Gujarati Literature) |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Adarsh Prakashan |page=267 |isbn=978-93-82593-88-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> * 1963: [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1964 poetry books]]<br /> [[Category:Indian poetry collections]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language poetry collections]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maa_Tujhe_Salaam_(2018_film)&diff=466394 2026-01-09T04:56:37Z

<p>InstaNews: improve structure for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Bhojpuri film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Maa Tujhe Salaam<br /> | image = Maa Tujhe Salaam First-look Poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = First-look poster<br /> | director = Aslam Sheikh<br /> | producer = {{unbulleted list|Abhay Sinha | Sameer Aftab}}<br /> | writer = Aslam Sheikh<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Pawan Singh]]|[[Madhu Sharma]]|Akshara Singh|Sameer Aftab|[[Surendra Pal]]|Ayaz Khan}}<br /> | music = Avinash Jha<br /> | cinematography = Vasu<br /> | editing = Pritam Naik<br /> | studio = {{ubl|Abhay Sinha Present|Madz Movies}}<br /> | distributor = Yashi Films<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|8|10|India}}<br /> | runtime = 173 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = {{unbulleted list|[[Hindi]]|[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]}}<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Maa Tujhe Salaam''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri-language]] [[romance film]] directed by Aslam Sheikh and produced by Abhay Sinha &amp; Samir Aftab. [[Pawan Singh]] is in lead role and [[Madhu Sharma]] and Akashra Singh in his opposite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url= http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-news-pawan-singh-new-song-of-fil-maa-tujhe-salam-released/431852|title=रिलीज होते ही छा गया पवन सिंह का यह गाना, एक दिन में लाखों बार देखा गया VIDEO|work=Zee News|access-date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-stars-pawan-singh-akshara-singhs-maa-tujhe-salaam-opens-to-bumper-response-2133335.html|title=Bhojpuri stars Pawan Singh-Akshara Singh's Maa Tujhe Salaam opens to bumper response|work=Zee News|access-date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-bhojpuri-film-maa-tujhe-salaam-released-on-10-august-2018-set-to-break-records-1477473.html|title=अक्षय की 'गोल्ड' को टक्कर देगी ये भोजपुरी फिल्म! रिलीज़ के पहले ही दिन दिखा असर|website= News18|access-date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/superstar-pawan-singhs-latest-released-maa-tujhe-salaam-gets-a-grand-opening/articleshow/65388874.cms|title=Superstar Pawan Singh’s latest released ‘Maa Tujhe Salaam’ gets a grand opening|newspaper= Times Of India|access-date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.patrika.com/amp-news/tollywood-news/pawan-singh-latest-movie-maa-tujhe-salam-trailer-3099893|title=भोजपुरी मूवी 'मां तुझे सलाम' का ट्रेलर रिलीज, पवन सिंह ने दिखाया जबरदस्त रुप|newspaper=Patrika|access-date=16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; While Surendra Pal, Prakash Jais, Sameer Aftab, Ayaz Khan, Manoj Tiger, Brijesh Tripathi and others in supporting roles.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Pawan Singh]] as ''Bajrang Ali Khan (Bajrangi)''<br /> * [[Madhu Sharma]] as ''Pooja/Ayat Khan''<br /> * [[Surendra Pal]] as ''Abhay Pratap Singh''<br /> * [[Akshara Singh]] as ''Geeta''<br /> * Sameer Aftab as ''Aftab Khan (Pakishtani Police )''<br /> * [[Ayaz Khan]] as ''Yasir Khan (Terrorist)''<br /> *Prakash Jais as ''Lucky Tiger/Lahori Tiger''<br /> *[[Manoj Tiger]] as ''Parwana Karimullah''<br /> *Brijesh Tripathi as ''Indian Raw Officer''<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Maa Tujhe Salaam<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = Avinash Jha &quot;Ghungharoo&quot;<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = {{start date|2018||}}<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue = Mumbai<br /> | studio = Yashi Films<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | language = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<br /> | label = Yashi Music<br /> | producer = {{hlist|Abhay Sinha|<br /> Sameer Aftab}}<br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> }}<br /> The soundtrack for &quot;Maa Tujhe Salaam&quot; was composed by Avinash Jha (Ghunghroo) with lyrics penned by Manoj matlabi, Ashok Kumar Deep, Ajit Mandal, Munna Dubey &amp; Sujit Singh Chandrawanshi. It was produced under the &quot;Yashi Films&quot; label. The soundtrack included an unusually number of songs at 6. Her song &quot;Bhagwan Badi Fursat Se&quot; sung by [[Pawan Singh]] and Khushboo Jain released on 3 October 2018 on [[YouTube]] and he get 5 million views till now. All songs of this film are available on YouTube official channel of &quot;Yashi Music&quot; and all are superhit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pawan Singh-Akshara Singh's new song 'Locker Mei Jawani' will make your jaw hit the floor-Watch|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/pawan-singh-akshara-singhs-new-song-locker-mei-jawani-will-make-your-jaw-hit-the-floor-watch-2130489.html|date=2018-08-05|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maa Tujhe Salaam {{!}} Song - Lagayele Baani Boroplus {{!}} Bhojpuri Video Songs|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/bhojpuri/maa-tujhe-salaam-song-boro-plus-fairness-cream-dj/videoshow/65514914.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=फिर से वायरल हुआ पवन सिंह नया VIDEO, मधु शर्मा के साथ किया जबरदस्त डांस|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-news-watch-a-new-song-of-film-maa-tujhe-salam/428952|date=2018-08-05|website=Zee News Hindi|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pawan Singh's new song Hamaar Deshwa Mahan baa from Maa Tujhe Salaam out - Watch|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/pawan-singhs-new-song-hamaar-deshwa-mahan-from-maa-tujhe-salaam-out-watch-2131077.html|date=2018-08-07|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Samundar Sokhe Meri Jawani<br /> | extra1 = [[Indu Sonali]]<br /> | title2 = Mere Thumke Lahore Me Ban Ho Gaye<br /> | extra2 = [[Kalpana Patowary]]<br /> | title3 = Bhagwan Badi Fursat Se<br /> | extra3 = [[Pawan Singh]], Khushboo Jain<br /> | title4 = Hamar Deshwa Mahan <br /> | extra4 = [[Pawan Singh]]<br /> | title5 = Locker Me Dhai Aawa Jaai Ke Jawani<br /> | extra5 = [[Pawan Singh]], Akshra Singh<br /> | title6 = Lagaile Bani Boro Plus <br /> | extra6 = [[Pawan Singh]], Mohini Pandey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing and release==<br /> On 1 July 2018, Pawan Singh shared a poster of this film on his Instagram official handle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Superstar Pawan Singh shares ‘Maa Tujhe Salaam’ new poster - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/superstar-pawan-singh-shares-maa-tujhe-salaam-new-poster/articleshow/64826952.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhojpuri sensation couple Pawan Singh-Akshara Singh's 'Maa Tujhe Salaam' new poster out|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-sensation-couple-pawan-singh-akshara-singhs-maa-tujhe-salaam-new-poster-out-2132527.html|date=2018-08-13|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pawan Singh unveils poster of his upcoming film Maa Tujhe Salaam- See pic|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/pawan-singh-unveils-poster-of-his-upcoming-film-maa-tujhe-salaam-see-pic-2121564.html|date=2018-07-02|website=Zee News|language= en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Trailer of this film was released on 13 July 2018 at official [[YouTube]] channel of &quot;Yashi Films&quot;. he got 11 millions views till now.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=रिलीज हुआ 'मां तुझे सलाम' का धमाकेदार ट्रेलर, पवन सिंह का दिखा विकराल रूप|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-news-maa-tujhe-salaam-official-trailer-pawan-singh/417745|date=2018-07-14|website=Zee News Hindi|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch: ‘Maa Tujhe Salaam’ trailer starring superstar Pawan Singh - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/watch-maa-tujhe-salaam-trailer-starring-superstar-pawan-singh/articleshow/65039381.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhojpuri superstar Pawan Singh's action-packed avatar in Maa Tujhe Salaam movie trailer will leave you surprised|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-superstar-pawan-singhs-action-packed-avatar-in-maa-tujhe-salaam-trailer-will-leave-you-surprised-2125221.html|date=2018-07-17|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was released on 10 August 2018 in [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] &amp; [[Nepal]] theatres. On 17 August 2018 the film was released in [[Mumbai]] &amp; [[Gujarat]] theatres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=अक्षय की ‘गोल्ड’ से पहले रिलीज हुई भोजपुरी फिल्म ‘मां तुझे सलाम’ ने मचाया तहलका, नया पोस्टर रिलीज़|url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/bhojpuri-star-pawan-singh-akshara-singh-maa-tujhe-salaam-new-poster-released-3220030/|last=Batra|first=Pooja|website=India.com|language=hi|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; He get biggest opening of 2018 and hit at the Box Office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=भोजपुरी बॉक्स ऑफिस पर छा गई पवन सिंह की फिल्म 'मां तुझे सलाम'|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/photo-gallery/bhojpuri-box-office-pawan-singhs-movie-maa-tujhe-salam/434704|website=Zee News Hindi|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Power star Pawan Singh's Maa Tujhe Salaam gets a bumper opening|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/power-star-pawan-singhs-maa-tujhe-salaam-gets-a-bumper-opening-2132433.html|date=2018-08-12|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhojpuri stars Pawan Singh-Akshara Singh's Maa Tujhe Salaam opens to bumper response|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-stars-pawan-singh-akshara-singhs-maa-tujhe-salaam-opens-to-bumper-response-2133335.html|date=2018-08-16|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Award and nominations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Ceremony<br /> ! Venue<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br /> !Result<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |'''Bhojpuri Cine Awards 2019'''<br /> |[[Kolkata]]<br /> |Best Singer (Male) <br /> |[[Pawan Singh]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=23 September 2019|title=Bhojpuri Cine Awards 2019 की पूरी लिस्ट, खेसारी लाल और आम्रपाली को बेस्ट ऐक्टर्स का अवॉर्ड|language=hi|work=[[Navbharat Times]]|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-cinema-screen-and-stage-awards-2019-khesari-lal-best-actor-and-amrapali-dubey-best-actress/articleshow/71253903.cms|access-date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Rohit Sharma|date=25 September 2019|title=Bhojpuri Cine Awards 2019 : खेसारी, निरहुआ, आम्रपाली सहित इन स्टार्स की रही धूम, यहां देखें विनर्स लिस्ट|language=hi|work=Patrika|url=https://www.patrika.com/tollywood-news/bhojpuri-cine-awards-2019-full-list-in-hindi-5139446/|access-date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=9|[[International Bhojpuri Film Awards|'''International Bhojpuri Film Awards (2019)''']]<br /> |rowspan=9|[[Singapore]]<br /> |Best Singer (Female) <br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |rowspan=9|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aayushi Sharma|date=31 December 2019|title=International Bhojpuri Film Awards (IBFA) 2019 Winners List: Pawan Singh Bags Top Honours|work=[[Zee TV]]|url=https://zeetv.zee5.com/international-bhojpuri-film-awards-ibfa-2019-full-winners-list-pawan-singh-bags-top-honours/|access-date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winner List Of International Bhojpuri Film Award 2019 Singapore|url=https://www.bhojpurixp.com/list-of-International-bhojpuri-film-award-2019-Singapore-winner/|date=11 December 2019|website=Bhojpuri XP|access-date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Singer (Male) <br /> |[[Pawan Singh]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Maa Tujhe Salaam<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Aslam Sheikh<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Male) <br /> |[[Pawan Singh]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress (Critics) <br /> | [[Madhu Sharma]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Screenplay<br /> |{{hlist|Aslam Sheikh|Ishtiyaq Sheikh (Bunty)}}<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Cinematographar<br /> |Vasu<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Editor<br /> |Pritam Naik<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''[[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film Awards 2019]]'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Mumbai]]<br /> |Most Popular Film<br /> |Maa Tujhe Salaam<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=सबरंग फिल्‍म अवार्ड 2019 : 4 सितंबर को मुंबई में सजेगी भोजपुरिया फिल्मी सितारों की म‍हफिल|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/1322633|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|language=hi|access-date=2020-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dev Singh of Bhojpuri cinema is a well-known name, will enter Bollywood with this film|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/dev-singh-entry-in-bollywood-in-this-film-sc89-nu-1035258-1.html|date=2019-09-11|website=News Track|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Dialogue<br /> |Surendra Mishra<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Editing<br /> |Preetam Naik<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Screenplay<br /> |{{hlist|Aslam Sheikh|Ishtiyaq Sheikh &quot;Bunty&quot;}}<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s Bhojpuri-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romance films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 romance films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Indian films]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Kokrajhar_shooting&diff=482560 2025-12-14T10:49:15Z

<p>InstaNews: New New Entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Shooting in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox civilian attack<br /> | title = Kokrajhar Attack 2016<br /> | partof = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | map = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | location = Balajan Tinali, [[Assam]], [[India]]<br /> | target = <br /> | coordinates = <br /> | date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2016|08|5}}<br /> | time = <br /> | timezone = <br /> | type = [[Mass shooting]]<br /> | fatalities = 14 <br /> | injuries = 16<br /> | victims = &lt;!-- or | victim = --&gt;<br /> | perpetrators = &lt;!-- or | perpetrator = --&gt; &lt;!-- alias: | perps = or | perp = --&gt;<br /> | assailants = &lt;!-- or | assailant = --&gt;<br /> | weapons = [[AK-56]], [[AK-47]], Grenades<br /> | numparts = 6<br /> | dfens = &lt;!-- or | dfen = --&gt;<br /> | motive = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | module = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> On 5 August 2016, a group of militants opened fire at a market in Balajan Tiniali, near the town of [[Kokrajhar]] in [[Assam]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/14-killed-15-injured-in-Assams-Kokrajhar-after-terrorists-open-fire-in-market/articleshow/53556034.cms|title = Kokrajhar: 14 killed, 15 injured in Assam's Kokrajhar after terrorists open fire in market &amp;#124; India News - Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bodo-rebels-attack-market-in-kokrajhar-assam/article8949514.ece|title = 14 killed as militants attack market in Kokrajhar|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 6 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fourteen people were killed and sixteen were injured as a result of the attack.&lt;ref name=&quot;express&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Batchelor|first1=Tom|title=Terror attack on market leaves 14 dead as armed men go on rampage with guns and grenades|date=5 August 2016|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/696937/India-terror-attack-shooting-Kokrajhar-market-Assam|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|access-date=5 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abcnews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Hussain|first1=Wasbir|title=14 Killed, 16 Injured in Rebel Attack in India's Assam State|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/12-killed-15-injured-rebel-attack-indias-assam-41137033|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=5 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Attack==<br /> As many as six attackers came to the market in a rickshaw and began shooting at people as well as throwing grenades into the crowd of people. After the attackers finished their attack, five of the six attackers ran away, while one attacker was killed by security forces.&lt;ref name=&quot;abcnews&quot;/&gt; After the attackers fled, AK-56 and AK-47 rifles were found at the attack site.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dash|first1=Nivedita|title=Assam terror attack: 13 killed, Bodo group denies responsibility|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-kokrajhar-civilians-killed-333483-2016-08-05|publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=5 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Response==<br /> Chief Minister of Assam [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] condemned the attack, calling it &quot;cowardly and dastardly&quot;. He also offered Rs 5 lakh to the relatives of those who were killed, Rs one lakh to the person who was critically injured, and Rs 20,000 to those who received minor injuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Assam attack: CM Sarbananda Sonowal promises stern action against militants|date=5 August 2016|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/assam-attack-cm-sarbananda-sonowal-promises-stern-action-against-militants-2937504.html|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=5 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|India}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kokrajhar shooting, 2016}}<br /> [[Category:August 2016 crimes in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:August 2016 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Kokrajhar|Shooting, 2016]]<br /> [[Category:2016 mass murders]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2016]]<br /> [[Category:Crime in Assam]]<br /> [[Category:2010s in Assam]]<br /> [[Category:2016 murders in India]]<br /> [[Category:2016 mass shootings in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Mass shootings in India]]<br /> [[Category:Marketplace attacks in India]]<br /> [[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anita_Borges&diff=486666 2025-10-24T21:37:50Z

<p>InstaNews: New Details - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian pathologist (1947–2025)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Anita Borges<br /> | image = Anita Borges.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Anita Maria Borges<br /> | birth_date = 19 November 1947<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = {{death date and given age|2025|9|18|78|df=yes}}<br /> | death_place = [[Gorakhpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | father = [[Ernest Borges]]<br /> | relatives = [[Renee Borges]] (sister)<br /> | occupation = Oncopathologist and histopathologist<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Anita Maria Borges''' (19 November 1947 – 18 September 2025) was an Indian oncopathologist and histopathologist. She was recognised for her diagnostic precision in cancer pathology, her leadership roles in medical institutions, and her contribution to pathology education in India. She was the eldest daughter of [[Ernest Borges]], an oncologist and cancer surgeon at [[Tata Memorial Hospital]], Mumbai.&lt;ref name=&quot;MidDayObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Renowned Mumbai oncopathologist Dr Anita Borges passes away: Tata Memorial Hospital |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/mumbai-pathologist-dr-anita-borges-daughter-of-dr-ernest-borges-passes-away-23594837 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Mid-Day |date=19 September 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; She was widely referred to as the &quot;Queen of Histopathology&quot; in recognition of her role in shaping cancer pathology in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Borges was born into a family with a strong medical background. Her father, [[Ernest Borges]], was among India’s pioneering oncologists. She studied at BYL Nair Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, where she completed her MBBS and MD in Pathology.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr Anita Borges, acclaimed oncopathologist, passes away |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/dr-anita-borges-acclaimed-oncopathologist-passes-away-101758309753443.html |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; She is the sister of evolutionary biologist [[Renee Borges]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=A quest to find the legend of Dr Ernest Borges |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/a-quest-to-find-the-legend-of-dr-ernest-borges/200641 |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Borges completed her [[MBBS]] and from BYL Nair Hospital and then pursued an [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] in [[pathology]] from Topiwala Medical College. She later trained at the [[Royal Marsden Hospital]] in [[London]] and the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] in [[New York City|New York]], thus learning advanced methods in oncopathology.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Borges worked in pathology and oncology. She retired in 2004 as Professor and Head of Surgical Pathology at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> She went on to serve as Director of the Centre for Oncopathology at S.L. Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, where she was also Head of the Department of Histopathology. She was a Consultant Histopathologist at the same institution. In addition, she was Dean of the Indian College of Pathologists and served as Vice President (Asia) of the International Academy of Pathology.&lt;ref name=&quot;MidDayObit&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> Borges also established the Centre for Oncopathology at Raheja Hospital, which became an important referral centre.&lt;ref name=&quot;MidDayObit&quot;/&gt; Her expertise made her a sought-after diagnostician, with oncologists across India relying on her reports.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Teaching and outreach==<br /> Borges lectured widely in smaller Indian cities, participated in national training programmes, and mentored numerous young pathologists.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title='Last word' oncopathologist Anita Borges passes away in Gorakhpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/last-word-oncopathologist-anita-borges-passes-away-in-gorakhpur/articleshow/124002001.cms |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=The Times of India |date=19 September 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> During the COVID pandemic, she along with Dr Sumeet Gujral started the Online Teaching Programme for Postgraduate students in Pathology with the support of Tata Trusts. It is a free teaching programme which runs twice a week online and covers the entire gamut of the Pathology curriculum. Expert pathologists from India and abroad conduct teaching sessions and slide seminars online which are attended from pathology students and practitioners from several countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Dr Anita Borges: The doyenne of Pathology education | date=20 September 2025 | url=https://dranshublog.com/dr-anita-borges/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Death and legacy==<br /> Borges died in [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], on 18 September 2025, after suffering a heart attack while attending a medical conference. She was 78.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Borges was remembered not only for her diagnostic expertise but also for extending training and mentorship beyond major centres to smaller cities across India. Her commitment to education and her role in developing oncopathology services made her one of the most respected figures in her field.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Recognition==<br /> Borges’s professional style was often described as honest, ethical, and precise. She was widely referred to as the &quot;Queen of Histopathology&quot; in recognition of her role in shaping cancer pathology in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;HindustanTimes&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> She received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Indian Society of Head and Neck Oncologists.&lt;ref name=&quot;MidDayObit&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Borges, Anita}}<br /> [[Category:1940s births]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br /> [[Category:2025 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian pathologists]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Congress_Global&diff=492941 2025-09-21T21:18:21Z

<p>InstaNews: Started a article first draft.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox organization<br /> | name = Catholic Congress Global (CCG)<br /> | image = <br /> [[File:Catholic-congress-logo-52650-216403.jpg|150px]]<br /> | caption = <br /> | abbreviation = CCG<br /> | formation = {{Start date and years ago|1918}}<br /> | type = [[International nongovernmental organization|INGO]]<br /> | purpose = International umbrella organization of laity under Syro Malabar Church<br /> | headquarters = [[Kottayam]], {{Flag|India}}<br /> | membership = <br /> | leader_title2 = President<br /> | leader_name2 = Rajeev Kochuparambil<br /> | leader_title3 = General Secretary<br /> | leader_name3 = Dr. Josekutty J. Ozhukayil<br /> | leader_title4 = Treasurer<br /> | leader_name4 = Adv. Tony Punchakkunnel<br /> | website = [http://catholiccongress.org catholiccongress.org]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The ''' Catholic Congress Global''' (Catholica Congress or Syro-Malabar Catholic Congress or CCG) is the official Community organisation of [[Syro-Malabar Church]]. Catholic Congress stands for the overall progress of the Syro-Malabar Catholic community and for the protection of civil and fundamental rights in respect to the religious, social, cultural, educational and economic aspects.<br /> <br /> CCG, previously known as 'Keraleeya Catholica Mahajanasabha', was formed in 1918.&lt;ref name=&quot;CC_Manorama&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2018/05/13/catholic-congress-jubilee.html | location=Kerala, India | work=Malayala Manorama | title=കത്തോലിക്കാ കോൺഗ്രസിനു ജന്മശതാബ്ദി | date=13 May 2018 | access-date=1 June 2021 | archive-url= | archive-date= | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The patron of CCG is [[George Alencherry|Mar George Cardinal Alencherry]], [[Major Archbishop]] (Head) of the Syro-Malabar Church while its Bishop Legate is Mar [[Remigiose Inchananiyil]] and Global Committee Director is Fr Philip Kaviyil.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Title_page_of_book_&quot;Ollur_Varshikam&quot;.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Ollur Varshikam'': Souvenir of 25th session of All Kerala Catholic Congress]]<br /> A meeting of members belonging to Syrian Christian community was organised in [[Alappuzha]] in 1907. The members continue to meet annually and in its eleventh meeting at [[Athirampuzha]] in 1917, they decided to form a community welfare organization.&lt;ref name=&quot;CC_Manorama&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Subsequently, on April 30, 1918, Keraleeya Catholica Mahajanasabha was formed. Mar [[Aloysius Pazheparambil]] was the first president. It adopted the name All Kerala Catholic Congress, in 1931.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ollur_varshikam&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |title=Ollur Varshikam |location= Ollur |publisher=Akkara Lonappan John |page=1 |date=1951}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later in 2017, the organisation adopted the name Catholic Congress Global.<br /> <br /> CCG opposed the nationalisation of private schools put forward by [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]]. CCG cooperated with the Travancore State Congress in the protest. CCG was in the forefront of ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'', which led to the dissolution of the [[First Namboodiripad ministry]] in 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;CC_Manorama&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Annual meetings ==<br /> The annual meetings of the organisation are listed below.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ollur_varshikam&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Community meetings===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> !scope=col| Year<br /> !scope=col| Place<br /> !scope=col| President<br /> |-<br /> |1907<br /> |Alappuzha<br /> |Sri Cyriac Nidheeri<br /> |-<br /> |1908<br /> |[[Pulinkunnoo]]<br /> |I.C. Chacko<br /> |-<br /> |1909<br /> |[[Champakulam]]<br /> |J John Nidheeri<br /> |-<br /> |1910<br /> |[[Edathua]]<br /> |C. Anthappai<br /> |-<br /> |1911<br /> |[[Pala, Kerala|Pala]]<br /> |V.D. Ouseph<br /> |-<br /> |1912<br /> |[[Njarackal]]<br /> |C.V. Antony<br /> |-<br /> |1913<br /> |[[Thrissur]]<br /> |I.C. Chacko<br /> |-<br /> |1914<br /> |[[Irinjalakuda]]<br /> |Cyriac Nidheeri<br /> |-<br /> |1915<br /> |[[Ollur]]<br /> |Joseph Thaliath<br /> |-<br /> |1916<br /> |[[Kuravilangad]]<br /> |Fr [[John Palocaren]]<br /> |-<br /> |1917<br /> |Athirampuzha<br /> |C. Anthappai<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===‘''Keraleeya Catholica Mahashabha''’ meetings===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> !scope=col| Year<br /> !scope=col| Place<br /> !scope=col| President<br /> |-<br /> |1918<br /> |[[Changanassery]]<br /> |Dr [[Thomas Kurialacherry]]<br /> |-<br /> |1919<br /> |[[Ernakulam]]<br /> |Mar [[Aloysius Pazheparambil]]<br /> |-<br /> |1920<br /> |[[Aluva]]<br /> |C. Anthappai<br /> |-<br /> |1921<br /> |Bri Kochi<br /> |Fr Cruze<br /> |-<br /> |1923<br /> |Alappuzha<br /> |Dr [[Alexander Chulaparambil]]<br /> |-<br /> |1924<br /> |Thathampally<br /> |Msgr Antony Puthussery<br /> |-<br /> |1925<br /> |Thrissur<br /> |Dr [[Francis Vazhapilly]]<br /> |-<br /> |1926<br /> |[[Panavally|Panapalli]]<br /> |Fr [[John Palocaren]]<br /> |-<br /> |1927<br /> |Pala<br /> |Chev. Thariathu Kunjithomman<br /> |-<br /> |1929<br /> |Athirampuzha<br /> |Dr [[James Kalacherry]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===All Kerala Catholic Congress meetings===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> !scope=col| Year<br /> !scope=col| Place<br /> !scope=col| President<br /> |-<br /> |1930<br /> |[[Cherthala]]<br /> |Dewan Bahadur [[R. N. Arogyasamy Mudaliar|Arogyaswami Muthaliar]]<br /> |-<br /> |1931<br /> |[[Muvattupuzha]]<br /> |[[Mar Ivanios]]<br /> |-<br /> |1932<br /> |[[Champakkulam]]<br /> |Sri George Joseph<br /> |-<br /> |1933<br /> |Ernakulam<br /> |T.J. Mathew<br /> |-<br /> |1934<br /> |Alappuzha<br /> |Francis Xavier D'souza<br /> |-<br /> |1935<br /> |Edathua<br /> |C.V. Antony<br /> |-<br /> |1936<br /> |[[Chittattukara]]<br /> |Dr [[Francis Tiburtius Roche]]<br /> |-<br /> |1942<br /> |[[Kainakary]]<br /> |Dr P.J. Thomas<br /> |-<br /> |1943<br /> |Pala<br /> |I.C. Chacko<br /> |-<br /> |1945<br /> |[[Kanjirappally]]<br /> |Dr Leo Proserpio S.J.<br /> |-<br /> |1946<br /> |Athirampuzha<br /> |Chev. Thariathu Kunjithomman<br /> |-<br /> |1947<br /> |Ernakulam<br /> |C.A. Ouseph<br /> |-<br /> |1948<br /> |Thathampally<br /> |Chev. Joseph Thaliath<br /> |-<br /> |1949<br /> |Pala (Special session)<br /> |(For passing resolution)<br /> |-<br /> |1949<br /> |[[Ramapuram, Kottayam|Ramapuram]]<br /> |Chev. Joseph Thaliath<br /> |-<br /> |1950<br /> |Ollur<br /> |E.P. Varghese<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The centenary meeting of CCG was held at Thrissur during 11–14 May 2018 and it was inaugurated by Cardinal George Alenchery. The slogan of the centenary conference was '[[Secularism]] for the progress of the country’.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/050518/catholic-congress-gears-up-for-fete.html | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Catholic Congress gears up for fete | date=5 May 2018 | access-date=1 June 2021 | archive-url= | archive-date= | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> First Global Meet of Catholic Congress was held at the Meydan Hotel, [[Dubai]] during 30 September - 1 October 2019, which was part of 101st meeting of the organisation. 300 delegates from 26 countries participated in the Meet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.asianetnews.com/pravasam/global-catholic-congress-begins-at-dubai-pyojok | location=Duabi, United Arab Emirates | work=Asianet News | title=ആഗോള കത്തോലിക്കാ കോൺഗ്രസ് സമ്മേളനത്തിന് ദുബായില്‍ തുടക്കമായി | date=1 Oct 2019 | access-date=1 June 2021 | archive-url= | archive-date= | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Catholic lay organisations]]<br /> [[Category:Syro-Malabar Church]]<br /> [[Category:Christian organizations established in 1918]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliadeh_Palace&diff=452400 2025-09-19T10:47:27Z

<p>InstaNews: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|15th century palace in central India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}<br /> '''Kaliadeh Palace''' is a palace on the banks of the [[Shipra River]] in [[Ujjain]], Madhya Pradesh. It was built by the Sultan of [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] in 1458 A.D. during the time of Mahmud Khilji. Persian inscriptions there record the visits of Emperor [[Akbar]] and [[Jehangir]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ujjaindarshan.com/ujjain-kaliadeh.html ujjaindarshan]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The palace was damaged by [[Pindari]]s during the Pindari war but was restored by Maharaja Sir [[Madho Rao Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]] in 1920.&lt;ref&gt;[http://myujjain.com/kdpalace.aspx My Ujjain]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The property is now own by the Scindia Family. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://wikimapia.org/368444/Kalia-Deh-Palace-Sun-Temple Wikikmapia]<br /> <br /> {{City of Ujjain}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|23.249|75.778|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:History of Malwa]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Ujjain]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Ujjain]]<br /> [[Category:Monuments and memorials in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Ujjain]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gambhira_Bridge_collapse&diff=499676 2025-08-24T19:32:18Z

<p>InstaNews: Started basic page w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bridge collapse in Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Infobox event<br /> | name = Gambhira Bridge collapse<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | date = {{Start date|2025|07|09|df=yes}}<br /> | time = 7:30&amp;nbsp;a.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (UTC+05:30)<br /> | location = [[Padra]], [[Vadodara district]], Gujarat, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.2632|72.9984|type:event_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | cause = [[Structural integrity and failure|Structural failure]]<br /> | injuries = Dozens<br /> | deaths = 22<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Gambhira Bridge collapse''' occurred on 9 July 2025 in [[Padra]], [[Gujarat]], India, resulting in 22 deaths and several injuries. While the official cause of the collapse is under investigation, it is believed to have been caused by a [[Structural integrity and failure|structural failure]] brought on by a combination of heavy use and inadequate maintenance.<br /> <br /> The collapse led to an investigation to be launched by [[Bhupendra Patel]], the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], and Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] to pay a compensation of {{INRConvert|200000|lk=on|year=2025}} for the families of the deceased. Seven days after the accident on 16 July, more than 1,800 bridges across Gujarat had their structures inspected to prevent similar incidents, resulting in the closure of 20 bridges completely and 113 partially for heavy vehicles.<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> The Gambhira Bridge is a concrete road bridge located in [[Padra]], [[Vadodara district]], [[Gujarat]], India. Built in 1985, it spanned several hundreds of meters over the [[Mahi River]], connecting Mujpur village in Padra taluka with Gambhira in [[Anand district]]. The bridge serves as a key route between [[Central Gujarat]] and the [[Saurashtra region]].<br /> <br /> == Collapse ==<br /> At approximately 7:30&amp;nbsp;a.m. on 9 July 2025,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 July 2025 |title=What happened after Vadodara bridge collapse: Minutes of horror in Gujarat mishap |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gambhira-bridge-collapse-what-happened-in-the-minutes-after-vadodara-tragedy-101752066920929.html |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Bridge Collapse: What We Know About Vadodara's Gambhira Bridge Tragedy That Killed Nine |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/gujarat-bridge-collapse-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-incident-that-killed-9-in-vadodara-3622194 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Deccan Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; a portion of the bridge collapse during peak traffic hours, causing multiple vehicles to plunge into the Mahi River. The collapse resulted in at least 22 deaths and nine injuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title='Crumbling' Gujarat Bridge Was 40 Years Old, Gave Way In Peak Traffic Hours |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-bridge-collapse-crumbling-gambhira-bridge-was-40-years-old-gave-way-in-peak-traffic-hours-mahisagar-river-cars-deaths-news-vadodara-8847480 |publisher=NDTV |date=9 July 2025 |access-date=9 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Raja |first=Aditi |title=12 killed as vehicles fall into river after bridge collapses in Gujarat's Vadodara |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/vadodara-bridge-collapse-deaths-injuries-vehicles-into-river-10115157/ |work=The Indian Express |date=9 July 2025 |access-date=9 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IF2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pathak |first=Maulik |date=6 August 2025 |title=Tanker hanging from Gujarat’s Gambhira bridge retrieved, death toll rises to 22 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tanker-hanging-from-gujarat-s-gambhira-bridge-retrieved-death-toll-rises-to-22-101754488732374.html |access-date=10 August 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to officials, four vehicles—including two trucks, a pickup van, and a micro van—along with two motorcycles, were on the bridge when a slab between two piers gave way.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt; A survivor reported hearing a loud cracking noise before her vehicle plunged into the water.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt; Eyewitness videos showed a tanker left dangling precariously at the edge of the collapsed section, and rescue teams reported hearing cries for help from those trapped inside submerged vehicles.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 10 July the death toll rose to 18.&lt;ref name=&quot;16 dead&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=July 10, 2025 |title=Gujarat bridge collapse toll rises to 18, 4 engineers suspended |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-bridge-collapse-death-toll-rises-to-15-12th-incident-in-five-years-2753570-2025-07-10 |access-date=July 10, 2025 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 11 July the death toll rose to 21, after a man died in the Sayaji hospital and two bodies were found under the debris.&lt;ref name=TBT&gt;[https://theblunttimes.in/gambhira-bridge-collapse-death-toll-rises-to-21-locals-slam-minister/49064/ Gambhira Bridge Collapse: Death Toll Rises to 21, Locals Slam Minister]&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 August the death toll rises to 22 after a man succumbed to his injuries in the hospital.&lt;ref name=&quot;IF2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Rescue and emergency response ===<br /> Personnel from the [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF) and [[State Disaster Response Force (Assam)|State Disaster Response Force]] (SDRF), along with local fire brigades and divers, were deployed to the site for search and rescue operations. At least ten people were rescued from the river.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=July 9, 2025 |title=Gujarat bridge collapse: Death toll rises to 13; rescue operations continue |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/watch-rescue-teams-try-to-pull-out-truck-after-gujarat-bridge-collapse-10-dead-several-injured/articleshow/122342737.cms |access-date=July 9, 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Four people were reported missing as of July 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;16 dead&quot; /&gt; Local hospitals, including Padra Referral Hospital and SSG Hospital in Vadodara, received the injured and the deceased for treatment and autopsy.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Official responses ===<br /> The [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], [[Bhupendra Patel]], ordered an immediate investigation and mobilized emergency services. He also instructed the [[Vadodara]] Collector to ensure timely medical treatment for the injured.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s office announced compensation of {{INRConvert|200000|lk=on|year=2025}} for the families of the deceased and {{INRConvert|50000|year=2025}} for the injured, from the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Aftermath and investigation ===<br /> <br /> [[File:Vishwamitri-river-1.jpg|thumb|Similar bridge over the over the [[Mahi River]] in [[Vadodara district]].]]<br /> <br /> According to [[Rushikesh Patel]], the Health Minister of Gujarat, the bridge was originally constructed in 1985 and underwent periodic maintenance. However, local residents had reportedly warned authorities about the deteriorating condition of the bridge for several years.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV2025&quot; /&gt; The [[Vadodara]] district police registered a case of accidental death and announced a formal inquiry to determine the cause of the collapse.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt; The Road and Building Department also launched a technical probe into the structural failure.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> Initial findings revealed there were shortcomings in maintenance and supervision of the bridge. As a result, Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel has suspended on 10 July four engineers from the Roads and Buildings Department. Patel has also called for a high-level probe into the structural failure of the bridge.&lt;ref&gt;[https://indianmasterminds.com/news/swift-action-gujarat-cm-suspends-4-officials-over-mujpur-gambhira-bridge-collapse-orders-statewide-inspections-128758/ Swift Action: Gujarat CM Suspends 4 Officials Over Mujpur-Gambhira Bridge Collapse, Orders Statewide Inspections]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> More than 1800 bridges across Gujarat were inspected. 20 bridges were completely closed and 113 were partially closed for heavy vehicles following the assessment as precaution.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=133 bridges closed across Gujarat for traffic movement | date=16 July 2025 | url=https://deshgujarat.com/2025/07/16/133-bridges-closed-across-gujarat-for-traffic-movement/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Victims ===<br /> Among the deceased were three members of the Parmar family, Hasmukh Parmar of Majatan, Vakhatsinh Jadav of Kahanva, and Pravin Jadav of Undel village.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot; /&gt; Injured victims included Sonal Padhiyar, the sole survivor from the van she traveled in, along with several others whose identities were later confirmed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=10, including 3 of a family, killed as multiple vehicles plunge into river after bridge collapses in Gujarat's Vadodara |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/vadodara-bridge-collapse-deaths-injuries-vehicles-into-river-10115157/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Children were among the victims.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=July 9, 2025 |title=Key questions answered about Gujarat bridge collapse that left 11 dead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bridge-collapses-in-2025-what-you-need-to-know-10116012/ |access-date=July 9, 2025 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A man from [[Borsad]] died in Sayaji hospital on 11 July.&lt;ref name=TBT /&gt; Another man who succumbed to his injuries in a hospital on August 5. Dilip Padhiyar (34), also a resident of [[Borsad]] taluka of Anand district, died during treatment at the government-run SSG Hospital.&lt;ref name=&quot;IF2025&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> * [[2022 Morbi bridge collapse]]<br /> * [[List of bridge failures]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Disasters in India in 2025}}<br /> {{2020s building and structure collapses}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 disasters in India]]<br /> [[Category:2025 road incidents in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:2020s in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Bridge collapses]]<br /> [[Category:Bridge disasters in India]]<br /> [[Category:Bridges in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Disasters in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:July 2025 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Vadodara district]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Indo-Israeli_Agriculture_Project&diff=540550 2025-04-23T18:01:40Z

<p>InstaNews: Created a pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the State of Israel}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{lead too long|date=December 2020}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''The Indo-Israeli Agriculture Project''' (IIAP) is a bilateral partnership established in 2006 between Israel and Indian governments. India has chosen Israel as a G2G level strategic partner in the field of agriculture. It was established in cooperation with [[National Horticulture Mission]], [[National Horticulture Board]] and Indian States Horticulture Departments, and [[Mashav|Israel's Agency for International Development]] (MASHAV) and CINADCO&lt;ref&gt;Centre for International Agricultural Development Cooperation of Israel’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development&lt;/ref&gt; which provides developing countries with Israel's experience in development and planning.<br /> <br /> The IIAP aims to establish Centers of Excellence (CoE) in Indian states to facilitate the rapid transfer of technology to farmers. This initiative aims to enhance productivity, improve produce quality, and maximize farmers' income by introducing crop diversity, enhancing productivity, refining cultivation techniques, optimizing irrigation and fertigation, and improving water use efficiency in horticulture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Embassy of India, Tel Aviv, Israel|url=https://www.indembassyisrael.gov.in/pages?id=nel5a&amp;subid=7ax9b|access-date=2020-12-13|website=www.indembassyisrael.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Indo-Israeli Agriculture Project|url=https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/mashav/Publications/Subject_Publications/Pages/The-Indo-Israeli-Agriculture-Project.aspx|access-date=2020-12-13|website=mfa.gov.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Federal and state Indian stakeholders are leading the IIAP partnership by defining the key crops and sanctioning the activity. The Israeli stakeholder [[Mashav|MASHAV]], guides the standard of the CoE and transfers the knowledge into the IIAP. The concept of the centres is triangular: Applied Research, SMS (subject matter specialist) Field Extension Officer and the Progressive Farmer. CoE acts as a meeting point for academia, government and farmers to cooperate towards achievements.<br /> <br /> In 2017, there were 26 such Indo-Israel centers in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-05|title=Centre of Excellence for Vegetables in Karnal a Model For Indo-Israeli Cooperation|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/centre-of-excellence-for-vegetables-in-karnal-a-model-for-indo-israeli-cooperation-1452813.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=News18|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Structure ==<br /> {{Prose|date=April 2025|section}}<br /> IIAP cooperation is divided in multiple three-year work plans:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/mou-Agri.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * '''The First Action plan (2008–10) -''' States of development included Haryana, Maharashtra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html#collapse1|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''The Second Action plan (2012–15)''' - The state of Israel was requested to share best-practices and know-how and provide capacity building through training programs which were conducted in Israel and India. Implementing partners were NHM–The National Horticulture Mission under the Ministry of Agriculture of India and MASHAV. States of development included Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html#collapse1|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''The Third Action plan (2015–18) -''' a revised action plan and activities to be extended in additional states such as Mizoram, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana.<br /> * '''The Fourth Action Plan (2018–20) -''' plan includes completing and establishing new Centres of Excellence.<br /> <br /> The IIAP areas of activity are:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Agricultural Affairs|url=https://embassies.gov.il/mumbai/Departments/Pages/agricultural-affairs.aspx|access-date=|website=Consulate General of Israel In Mumbai}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html#collapse1|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) [एकीकृत बागवानी विकास मिशन]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Post-Harvest Management (fruit &amp; vegetables)<br /> * Irrigation and fertigation technologies<br /> * Introduction of new varieties<br /> * Plant protection (nematodes, bacteria)<br /> * Pollination technologies<br /> * Water management technologies for agriculture, including water re-use<br /> * Other activities as mutually defined in the Steering Committee<br /> <br /> == History == <br /> An Indo-Israel Work Plan was signed during the visit of Agriculture Minister [[Rajnath Singh]] to Israel in May 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Issue No. 65 : India Speaks|url=http://www.mei.org.in/archives-india-speaks/issue-no-65/india-1417372200-speaks|access-date=2020-12-13|website=MEI.ORG.IN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Based on the field visits of Israeli experts and discussions, First Action Plan stage (2008-2010) was agreed upon during the visit of Minister of Agriculture, Government of Israel to India in January, 2008 wherein a number of areas were identified on which collaborative efforts could be implemented in the states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]]. The plan was later on extended to include the 2012- 2015 period and 2018–2020 period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=:: Indo – Israel ::|url=https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=midh.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Chief Minister [[Conrad Sangma]] in 2020 had said &quot;India's relation with Israel has been growing rapidly and steadily... In the future, we want to have direct flights to the Northeast as we want to expand the presence of Israel in the region&quot;, adding that &quot;the partnership with the Israel government will be a &quot;game-changer&quot; for the state and its farmers&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=India-Israel agriculture project to benefit Meghalaya farmers: Conrad K Sangma|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-israel-agriculture-project-to-benefit-meghalaya-farmers-conrad-k-sangma/articleshow/79042924.cms|access-date=2020-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Further developments ==<br /> IIAP was initiated in 2009 after signing a bilateral agreement between Indian and Israeli ministers of Agriculture (2006).<br /> <br /> In 2017 Centre of Excellence for cut flowers as part of IIAP in [[Thally]] was established.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-12-01|title='Centre of Excellence for cut flowers in Thally an excellent example of Indo-Israel co-operation'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/centre-of-excellence-for-cut-flowers-in-thally-an-excellent-example-of-indo-israel-co-operation/article33224680.ece|access-date=2020-12-13|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 2 November 2020 Chief Minister of [[Assam]] state, [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] and Israeli Ambassador to India Dr. [[Ron Malka]] laid the foundation stone of Indo-Israeli Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Vegetables Protected Cultivation at [[Khetri]] on the outskirts of Guwahati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Bikash|title=Sarbananda Sonowal lays foundation stone of Indo-Israeli Centre of Excellence for Vegetables Protected Cultivation|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sarbananda-sonowal-lays-foundation-stone-of-indo-israeli-centre-of-excellence-for-vegetables-protected-cultivation/articleshow/79007848.cms|access-date=2020-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Assam CM lays foundation stone of Indo-Israeli Centre of Excellence for Vegetables Protected Cultivation near Guwahati|url=http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?title=Assam-CM-lays-foundation-stone-of-Indo-Israeli-Centre-of-Excellence-for-Vegetables-Protected-Cultivation-near-Guwahati&amp;id=403538|access-date=2020-12-13|website=newsonair.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 4, 2020, with aim to benefit [[Meghalaya]] farmers by equipping with technology to help increase their income, two centres are planned being built at Jongsha in [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] and at Dawagre in [[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]] district.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=India-Israel agriculture project to benefit Meghalaya farmers: Conrad K Sangma|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-israel-agriculture-project-to-benefit-meghalaya-farmers-conrad-k-sangma/articleshow/79042924.cms|access-date=2020-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meghalaya partners with Israel to set up two Centres of Excellence|url=https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9264989/meghalaya-partners-with-israel-to-set-up-two-centres-of-excellence/|access-date=2020-12-13|website=www.freshplaza.com|date=4 November 2020 |language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Foreign relations of India]]<br /> * [[Foreign relations of Israel]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * Indian government website: [https://midh.gov.in/CoE/ Centre of Excellence]<br /> * Indian government: [https://web.archive.org/web/20201213174152/https://midh.gov.in/CoE/Indo%E2%80%93Israel.html Indo-Israel Work Plan]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201213153459/https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/mashav/Publications/Subject_Publications/Documents/Indo-Israeli%20Agricultural%20Project.pdf Israeli government: The Indo-Israeli Agriculture Project]<br /> * [https://embassies.gov.il/delhi/Relations/Mashav/Documents/IIAP%202018.pdf IIAP booklet]<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20000303055550/http://www.idsa-india.org/an-sep9-3.html Indo-Israel Cooperation: Agriculture, Trade and Culture]}}<br /> {{Foreign relations of India}}<br /> {{Foreign relations of Israel}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:India-Israel Relations}}<br /> [[Category:India–Israel relations| ]]<br /> [[Category:Jewish Indian history]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Kings_XI_Punjab_season&diff=482334 2025-04-18T10:00:53Z

<p>InstaNews: New A Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}<br /> {{one source|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket club season<br /> | club =[[Kings XI Punjab]]<br /> | season =2011<br /> | coach = [[Michael Bevan]]<br /> | captain = [[Adam Gilchrist]]<br /> | ground = [[PCA Stadium]], [[Mohali]]<br /> | comp1 = [[2011 Indian Premier League|IPL]]<br /> | comp1 result = 5th<br /> | most runs = [[Shaun Marsh]] (504)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5969;type=tournament |title=Indian Premier League, 2011/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428043247/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5969%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate=28 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | most wickets =[[Piyush Chawla]] (16)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=5969;type=tournament |title=Indian Premier League, 2011/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213164400/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=5969%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate=13 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | prevseason = [[Kings XI Punjab in 2010|2010]]<br /> | nextseason = [[Kings XI Punjab in 2012|2012]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Kings XI Punjab]] (KXIP) is a franchise cricket team based in [[Mohali]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the ten teams that competed in the [[2011 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Adam Gilchrist]]. Kings XI Punjab finished 5th in the IPL and did not qualify for the Champions League T20.<br /> <br /> ==Indian Premier League==<br /> <br /> ===Season standings===<br /> Kings XI Punjab finished 5th in the league stage of IPL 2011.<br /> {{2011 Indian Premier League Points Table|team=KXIP}}<br /> <br /> ===Match log===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !No.<br /> !Date<br /> !Opponent<br /> !Venue<br /> !Result<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 1 || 10 April || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Mumbai]] || Lost by 7 wickets<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 2 || 13 April || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Mohali]] || Won by 6 wickets [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]]&amp;nbsp;– [[Paul Valthaty]]&amp;nbsp;– 120* (63)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 3 || 16 April || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] || Won by 8 wickets [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]]&amp;nbsp;– [[Paul Valthaty]]&amp;nbsp;– 75 (47) and 4/29 (4 overs)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 4 || 21 April || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Mohali]] || Won by 48 runs [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]]&amp;nbsp;– [[Shaun Marsh]]&amp;nbsp;– 71 (42)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 5 || 23 April || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Delhi]] || Lost by 29 runs<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 6 || 30 April || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Kolkata]] || Lost by 8 wickets<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 7 || 2 May || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Mumbai]] || Lost by 23 runs<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 8 || 6 May || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Bangalore]] || Lost by 85 runs<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 9 || 8 May || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Mohali]] || Lost by 5 wickets<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 10 || 10 May || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Mohali]] || Won by 79 runs [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]] – [[Bhargav Bhatt (cricketer)|Bhargav Bhatt]] - 4/22 (2.5 overs)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 11 || 13 May || [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || [[Indore]] || Won by 6 wickets [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]] – [[Dinesh Karthik]]&amp;nbsp;– 69 (33)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 12 || 15 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] || Won by 29 runs [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]] – [[Piyush Chawla]] - 3/16 (4 overs) <br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c3fdb8;&quot;<br /> | 13 || 17 May || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] || Won by 111 runs [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]] - [[Adam Gilchrist]]&amp;nbsp;– 106 (55)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#fbb;&quot;<br /> | 14 || 21 May || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] || Lost by 82 runs<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Overall record: 7–7. Failed to advance.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kings XI Punjab}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2011 Indian Premier League]]<br /> [[Category:Punjab Kings seasons]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhani_Charan&diff=496640 2025-04-06T12:29:55Z

<p>InstaNews: Started the details first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Dhani Charan<br /> | other_name = Birmi<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|28.1933089|N|75.1965609|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan, India|Rajasthan]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Villages in Malsisar Tehsil|Malsisar]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> &lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt;tags --&gt;| elevation_m = 278<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_total = 687<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_note = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Other spoken<br /> | demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | postal_code_type = Pin Code<br /> | postal_code = 333001<br /> | area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]<br /> | area_code = 01595<br /> | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#RJ.E2.80.94Rajasthan|RJ]]-10<br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-RJ]]<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = <br /> | blank1_info_sec2 = <br /> | website = {{URL|jhunjhunu.rajasthan.gov.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = Dhani Charan<br /> }}<br /> '''Dhani Charan''' is a village located in the Malsisar Tehsil of [[Jhunjhunu district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It have total population of 687 and area of 2.87&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dhani Charan {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=http://geoiq.io/places/Dhani-Charan/Village |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=geoiq.io}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhani Charan is associated with villages ''Panchayat Birmi'' and Malsisar Tehsil {{How|date=January 2023}}. It lies under the legislative assembly seat of [[Mandawa]] and [[Lok Sabha|loksabha]] seat of [[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]]. The current MP is [[Narendra Kumar (politician)|Narendra Kumar]]. The nearest airports are [[Bhiwani]] at 100&amp;nbsp;km, [[Jaipur]] at 197&amp;nbsp;km and [[Delhi]] airport at 254&amp;nbsp;km .{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Jhunjhunu district]]<br /> <br /> {{Jaipurdivision-geo-stub}}</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navlakha_temple&diff=521299 2024-07-14T00:25:16Z

<p>InstaNews: creating new location</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|12th century Sun temple in Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox temple<br /> | name = Navlakha temple<br /> | image =Navlakha arial view 03.jpg <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | map_type = <br /> | map_caption =<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | country = India<br /> | state = [[Gujarat]]<br /> | district = [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]<br /> | location = [[Ghumli]]<br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | deity = [[Lord Surya]]<br /> | year_completed = <br /> | architecture = <br /> | creator = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Navlakha arial view 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Navlakha Temple]]<br /> '''Navlakha Temple''' at [[Ghumli]], [[Gujarat]], India, is a 12th Century [[Sun temple]] built by [[Jethwa dynasty]] rulers.&lt;ref name=a&gt;{{cite book|title=Archaeology in India|year=1950|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|pages=101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VR-2AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=+ghumli}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:12th or early 13th century Navalakha Temple plan, Ghumli Gujarat, Hindu Maru-Gurjara style.jpg|thumb|Navalakha Temple plan]]<br /> [[File:12th or early 13th century Navalakha Temple Ghumli Gujarat, Hindu Maru-Gurjara style, ruins in 19th-century, 1876 photo 01.jpg|thumb|Navalakha Temple, ruins in 19th-century, 1876]]Navlakha Temple at [[Ghumli]] was built by Jethwa rulers in 11th century dedicated to Sun god, [[Surya]] and is oldest [[sun temple]] of Gujarat.&lt;ref name=a/&gt; It has the largest base (Uagati) of the temples in Gujarat, measuring 45.72 x 30.48 m. Facing East, it had a beautiful entrance arch or Kirti Toran, that is now lost. The sanctum sanctorum ([[garbhagriha]]), covered [[pradakshina]] path, large gathering hall and its three ''[[shringar chowki]]s'' -anointment thrones, are eye catching. On the surrounding walking path we find three directions with balconies. The [[mandapa]] has eight-sided pillars for support. In the small niches we find sculptures. The entrances are two storied. At the back wall of the temple we find two huge elephants fighting with their trunks. In Bhadra [[Sanctum (Temple)|gavaksha]] there is the image of [[Brahma]]-[[Savitr]]i, in the west is the [[Shiva]]-[[Parvati]], to the north is [[Lakshmi Narayan]].<br /> <br /> The Navlakha Temple built at a cost of Nine [[Lac (resin)|Lac]]s hence the name Navlakha. The temple is built in [[Maru-Gurjara architecture]] (or the Solanki style).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Concise Classified Dictionary of Hinduism By K. V. Soundara Rajan|pages=15|isbn=9788170228578|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAWS49f8HKoC&amp;q=Navlakha+temple+ghumli&amp;pg=PA15|last1=Soundara Rajan|first1=K. V.|year=2001|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}&lt;/ref&gt; have the three entwining tusks of elephants as its trademark and is considered to be high noon of Solanki style of architect.<br /> <br /> Outside main temple there is a temple dedicated to [[Ganesha]], called the Ganesh Dehra{{Snf|Campbell|1881|p=440}}<br /> <br /> ==Present status==<br /> The [[Archaeological Survey of India]], has taken up rehabilitation of temple in 2011 and develop the place as site of tourist and historical importance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jamnagar-news.blogspot.in/2011/01/ghumli-temple-renovation.html|title=Jamnagar News: Ghumli Temple Renovation|date=4 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ghumli]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|33em}}<br /> <br /> === Sources ===<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> <br /> * {{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=James, M|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D/mode/2up|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1881|volume=8: Kathiawar|location=Bombay}}&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Bombay+Presidency&amp;rft.place=Bombay&amp;rft.pub=Government+Central+Press&amp;rft.date=1881&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=James%2C+M&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMer+people&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> {{Navagraha}}<br /> {{Sun temples}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|21.8836|69.7617|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Destroyed temples]]<br /> [[Category:Surya temples]]<br /> [[Category:12th-century establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Māru-Gurjara architecture]]<br /> [[Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in India]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaseeswarar_Temple&diff=543764 2024-04-28T23:09:38Z

<p>InstaNews: Created place...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu temple<br /> | name = Vaseeswarar Temple<br /> | image = Thirupasoor12.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br /> | map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13|08|27|N|79|52|34|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | native_name = Thirupasoor Temple<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | district = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]<br /> | locale = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | deity = Vaseeswarar([[Shiva]])<br /> | festivals= <br /> | architecture = [[Chola architecture]]<br /> | temple_quantity = <br /> | monument_quantity= <br /> | inscriptions = <br /> | year_completed = <br /> | creator = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Vaseeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Pasoornathar Temple''', '''Thirupasoor temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located in [[Thirupasoor]], a village in [[Tiruvallur district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshiped as Vaseeswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Pasupathinayagi. The temple is located on the Southern banks of [[Poondi reservoir]] on the Thiruvallur - Thiruthani road, {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the town. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanmars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.<br /> <br /> The temple complex covers an area of one acre and all its shrines are enclosed with concentric rectangular walls. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Vaseeswarar, his consort Pasupathi Nayaki and that of Murugan being the most prominent.<br /> <br /> The temple has three daily rituals at various times from 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. to 8:30&amp;nbsp;p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. Brahmotsavam festival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (May - June) is the most prominent festival celebrated in the temple.<br /> <br /> The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the present masonry structure was built during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<br /> <br /> ==Legend==<br /> [[File:Thirupasoor10.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The main entrance as viewed from the first precinct]]<br /> As per Hindu legend, the place was once a bamboo forest. A cow at this place was pouring it milk on a mound in an elevated place. The shepherd informed the king about the event and the king dug the place with a tool called Vasi. Blood was oozing out of the place and the king and the troops were taken aback. The enemies left a pot of snakes and a snake charmer came and rescued the king. Shiva appeared in the dreams of the king that night and informed him that the snake charmer was none other than Shiva himself. The king was much pleased and built a temple housing the [[Linga]] found in the place. The tilted feature of the image in the temple is believed to have been caused by the tool Vasi.&lt;ref name=dinamalar/&gt;<br /> <br /> Another legend is that once, while [[Vishnu]] and [[Brahma]] contested for superiority, Shiva appeared as a flame, and challenged them to find his source. Brahma took the form of a swan, and flew to the sky to see the top of the flame, while Vishnu became the boar [[Varaha]], and sought its base. The scene is called ''lingothbava'', and is represented in the western wall at the sanctum of most Shiva temples. Neither Brahma nor Vishnu could find the source, and while Vishnu conceded his defeat, Brahma lied and said he had found the pinnacle. In punishment, Shiva ordained that Brahma would never have temples on earth in his worship. Thazhambu, the flower which was helping Brahma, was also punished for lying about Shiva. The flower was cursed that it won't be used during the worship of Shiva, but an exception was given during [[Shivaratri]] festival in the temple.&lt;ref name=dinamalar/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the present masonry structure was built during the 16th century. There are inscriptions from later [[Chola]] emperors like [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014 CE), [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (1070–1120 CE) and [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279 CE).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pasoor|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=196|publisher=Thevaaram.org|year=2011|access-date=14 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first among the five inscriptions is the one on the northern wall of the sanctum indicating an agreement between Rajadhirajadeva and the temple priest with regards to the temple service. The second one is a broken inscription on the Western wall indicating grant of paddy to the temple by a private party during the third regnal year of [[Kulothunga I|Kulothunga Chola I]] (1070-1122 CE). Another inscription on the same wall indicates a gift during his fourth regnal year. The third recorded inscription on the same wall is during the reign of [[Raja Raja Chola I]] (985-1014 CE). The last inscription on the Western wall of the temple accounts the grants made for the perpetual lighting of the temple made during the reign of Sri Kulothunga Chola Deva, which could have been done during either of the Kulothunga Cholas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras, Volume 1|last=Sewell|first=Robert|page=174|publisher=E. Keys, at the Government Press|year=1882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QswOAAAAQAAJ&amp;q=tiruvallur+temple&amp;pg=PA174}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> {{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center<br /> |align=left<br /> | total_width = 350<br /> | width1 = 3264 | height1 = 2448<br /> | width2 = 3264 | height2 = 2448<br /> |direction=horizontal<br /> |image1=Thirupasoor6.jpg<br /> |image2=Thirupasoor1.jpg<br /> |footer=The roof of the Parvathi and Shiva shrines in the temple<br /> }}<br /> Vaseeswarar temple is located in a village called [[Thirupasoor]], around {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Thiruvallur]] on the Thiruvallur - Thiruthani road. The temple has a five-tiered [[gopuram]] facing South, the gateway tower and all the shrines of the temple are enclosed in concentric rectangular granite walls. The central shrine is approached through the side doors facing South axial to the gateway tower through Parvathi, Murugan and Vinayaka shrines, all of which are parallel to the Shiva shrine. The central shrine facing East houses the image of Vaseeswarar in the form of [[Lingam]]. The image has a mark of tool attack and is tilted towards left. The [[vimana]], the roof over the sanctum is Gajabrusta in design (like that of an elephant's seated posture). The shrine of Pasupathi Nayagi (also called Mohanambal), facing East has a [[gopuram]] type roof. The central shrine is approached through a Mahamandapam and Arthamandapam. As in other Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu, the shrines of [[Vinayaka]], [[Murugan]], [[Navagraha]], Chandekeswara and [[Durga]] are located around the precinct of the main shrine. The second precinct has a four pillared hall and garden around the periphery of the compound wall.&lt;ref name=dinamalar/&gt; There are image of [[Saptamatrika]] and Srichakra consecrated by [[Adi Shankara]] in the temple.&lt;ref name=R/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Religious importance and festivals==<br /> [[File:Thirupasoor13.jpg|200px|thumb|Vrishaba vehicle used during procession]]<br /> [[Campantar|Tirugnana Sambandar]], a 7th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' poet, venerated Vaseeswarar in ten verses in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|First Tirumurai]]''. [[Appar]], an 8th-century nayanmar, also venerated Idaiyatreeswarar in 10 verses in ''Tevaram'', compiled as the ''Third Tirumurai''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon.&lt;ref name=R/&gt;<br /> <br /> The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed three times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00&amp;nbsp;a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. and ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Vaseeswarar and Gnanambigai. Unlike other Shiva temples, anointing with oil is not performed in the temple.&lt;ref name=R/&gt; There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (May - June) is the most important festivals of the temple.&lt;ref name=dinamalar&gt;{{cite web|title=Sri Vaseeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=143|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|access-date=24 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=R&gt;{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|<br /> publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=336–7}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Veeraraghava Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Oondreswarar Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commonscat|Vaseeswarar Temple}}<br /> <br /> {{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruvallur district]]<br /> [[Category:Shiva temples in Tiruvallur district]]<br /> [[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners&diff=453848 2023-02-26T10:59:58Z

<p>InstaNews: minor enhance formatting for accuracy after review</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Ramon Magsaysay Award#Awardees]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madappally,_Vatakara&diff=458072 2022-11-16T05:00:42Z

<p>InstaNews: slightly added article as per guidelines and added references per sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{More sources needed|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = <br /> | image_skyline = Madaply junction.jpg<br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|11.64349|N|75.57098|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Madappally''' is a small town near [[Vatakara]] in [[Kozhikode District]], [[Kerala]], India.<br /> <br /> The 'Pally' name denotes Buddhism. Pally is still the most popular affix used along with place, plot and family names in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra. The Pali word Pally means a non Hindu/ Brahmanic place of worship. In the ancient times it denoted a Jain or Buddhist shrine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajay |date=2010-01-03 |title=Buddhism in Kerala |url=https://ajaysekher.net/2010/01/03/buddhism-kerala/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Ajaysekher.net |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Ajay S Shekhar, Madappally was one of the world renowned Buddhist shrines of worship, learning, health care and nature conservation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajay |date=2010-01-03 |title=Buddhism in Kerala |url=https://ajaysekher.net/2010/01/03/buddhism-kerala/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Ajaysekher.net |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Madappally. Nadapuram road.jpg|thumbnail|Traditional house in Madappally, Vatakara]]<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> Madappally is on National Highway 17 and [[Mahé, Puducherry]] is the nearest city on the north. [[Vatakara]] is the nearest town towards the southern side.<br /> <br /> ==Government College, Madappally==<br /> [[Government College, Madappally]] is a post-graduate campus affiliated to the University of Calicut.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Onchiam|Onchium]]<br /> * [[Orkkatteri]]<br /> * [[Azhiyur]]<br /> * [[Vatakara]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Kozhikode district]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mogul_(film)&diff=518072 2022-10-02T08:35:28Z

<p>InstaNews: Redirect article</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Aamir Khan filmography]] *[[Bhushan Kumar]] as a producer this film.<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from upcoming film}}<br /> {{R to section}}<br /> {{R printworthy}}<br /> }}</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhotanagpur&diff=494047 2022-09-29T06:22:33Z

<p>InstaNews: created redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]</div>

InstaNews https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malik_Deenar_(r)_Kasaragod_Andyavisramam_Kollunna_Swahabi&diff=515445 2022-09-26T23:45:55Z

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