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Vidya Balan filmography

2026-05-08T15:35:37Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added initial pg nd citations

{{Short description|None}}
{{Indian name|Vidya|Balan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Vidya Balan in 2023 (1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1|alt=Vidya Balan poses for the camera|Vidya in 2023]]
Indian actress [[Vidya Balan]] made her acting debut in 1995 with the sitcom ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]'', following which she made several unsuccessful attempts at a film career.<ref name="rules">{{Cite news |last=Sanghvi, Vir |date=17 December 2011 |title=Why Vidya Balan rules |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Why-Vidya-Balan-rules/Article1-783531.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107202407/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Why-Vidya-Balan-rules/Article1-783531.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2012}}</ref> Vidya then appeared in music videos for [[Euphoria (Indian band)|Euphoria]], [[Pankaj Udhas]], and [[Shubha Mudgal]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=4 February 2010 |title=Return of the native |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/20100215-return-of-the-native-741956-2010-02-03 |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124024429/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Return+of+the+native/1/82489.html |archive-date=24 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Stand-out act four not-so-new newcomers have found critical acclaim in breakthrough roles this year. Now all they need is stardom |work=India Today |via=[[HighBeam Research]]|access-date=23 September 2012|date=18 July 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232954/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10956992.html|archive-date=5 November 2013|df=dmy-all |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10956992.html}}</ref> all directed by [[Pradeep Sarkar]]. She had her first film release with a leading role in [[Goutam Halder]]'s Bengali film ''[[Bhalo Theko]]'' (2003).<ref name="bhalo">{{Cite news |date=18 July 2011 |title=Love for Bengal: A mystery in Vidya Balan's life |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/love-for-bengal-a-mystery-in-vidya-balans-life/819021/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118205948/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/love-for-bengal-a-mystery-in-vidya-balans-life/819021 |archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> In 2005, she starred in Sarkar's ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'', an adaptation of [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]'s [[Parineeta (novel)|novel]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Pratim D. |date=10 June 2005 |title=Parineeta breathes Bengal among the tulips |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050611/asp/nation/story_4854277.asp |url-status=dead |access-date=9 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629155510/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050611/asp/nation/story_4854277.asp |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref name="oldawards" /> [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006), a successful comedy sequel, saw her play a radio jockey opposite [[Sanjay Dutt]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siddiqui |first=Rana |date=1 September 2006 |title=The grace of Munnabhai |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3230529.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116140420/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3230529.ece |archive-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Box office 2006 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132118/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>

Vidya played a variety of roles in 2007, including a woman suffering from [[multiple sclerosis]] in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s drama ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 February 2008 |title=Vidya Balan keen to prove herself in art house cinema |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/vidya-balan-keen-to-prove-herself-in-art-house-cinema/article1-274191.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111070506/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/vidya-balan-keen-to-prove-herself-in-art-house-cinema/article1-274191.aspx |archive-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> a single mother in the comedy ''[[Heyy Babyy]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title=Masand's verdict: Heyy Babyy |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-heyy-babyy--is-gross-comedy-overthetop-drama/47410-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409052934/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-heyy-babyy--is-gross-comedy-overthetop-drama/47410-8.html |archive-date=9 April 2012 |access-date=9 January 2012 |website=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref> and a [[dissociative identity disorder]] patient in the thriller ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2008 |title=A disordered personality |work=Business Standard Ltd. |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-disordered-personality-108032301016_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121124545/http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-disordered-personality-108032301016_1.html |archive-date=21 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Chopra2014">{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Tisca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZtlAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66 |title=Acting Smart: Your Ticket to Showbiz |date=8 April 2014 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5136-204-3 |page=66 |access-date=26 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203172637/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZtlAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66 |archive-date=3 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> All three films were commercially successful and established her as a leading lady.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box office 2007 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> This was followed by two commercial failures in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box office 2008 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=9 January 2012 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> From 2009 to 2012, Vidya starred in five consecutive films that garnered her critical and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashraf |first=Amrah |date=4 July 2014 |title=I am reverse ageing. I was born a woman, am now a little girl: Vidya Balan |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/brunch-stories/i-am-reverse-ageing-i-was-born-a-woman-am-now-a-little-girl-vidya-balan/article1-1236757.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111061559/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/brunch-stories/i-am-reverse-ageing-i-was-born-a-woman-am-now-a-little-girl-vidya-balan/article1-1236757.aspx |archive-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> She played the mother of a child afflicted with [[progeria]] in ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' (2009), a seductive widow in ''[[Ishqiya]]'' (2010), and the real-life character of Sabrina Lal in ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma, Sukanya |date=4 December 2009 |title=Watch Paa for Auro |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/dec/04/review-watch-paa-for-auro.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410161623/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/dec/04/review-watch-paa-for-auro.htm |archive-date=10 April 2010 |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=1 February 2010 |title=Masand Review: Ishqiya |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-review-ishqiya/109408-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107194350/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-review-ishqiya/109408-8.html |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref><ref name="Someshwar">{{Cite web |last=Someshwar |first=Savera |date=6 January 2012 |title=Review: No One Killed Jessica could have been better |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/no-one-killed-jessica-review/20110106.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104044329/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/no-one-killed-jessica-review/20110106.htm |archive-date=4 November 2012 |access-date=8 October 2012 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> For portraying the actress [[Silk Smitha|Silk]] in the biopic ''[[The Dirty Picture]]'', Vidya won the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="National" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2011 |title=Silk is sexy, desirable, but not sleazy: Vidya |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/silk-is-sexy-desirable-but-not-sleazy-vidya/206962-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201213043/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/silk-is-sexy-desirable-but-not-sleazy-vidya/206962-8-66.html |archive-date=1 December 2011 |access-date=3 December 2011 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref> She next played a pregnant woman seeking revenge in the thriller ''[[Kahaani]]'' (2012), directed by [[Sujoy Ghosh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2012 |title=Vidya Balan gets into character of pregnant woman for 'Kahaani' |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vidya-balan-gets-into-character-of-pregnant-woman-for--kahaani-/905582 |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208025753/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vidya-balan-gets-into-character-of-pregnant-woman-for--kahaani-/905582 |archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> She was awarded the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for her roles in ''Paa'', ''The Dirty Picture'', and ''Kahaani'', and the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] for ''Ishqiya''.<ref name="paaff">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2010 |title=Winners of 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/776/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203075020/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/776/ |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=22 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref name="awards" /><ref name="kahaaniff" />

Vidya failed to replicate this success in the next few years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarshi |date=30 November 2016 |title=Between Kahaani and Kahaani 2, what accounts for Vidya Balan's lack of success? |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/kahaani-2-vidya-balan-arjun-rampal-sujoy-ghosh-durga-rani-singh-354871-2016-11-30 |url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218064837/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kahaani-2-vidya-balan-arjun-rampal-sujoy-ghosh-durga-rani-singh/1/823386.html |archive-date=18 December 2016}}</ref> This changed in 2017 when she played a radio jockey in ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]'', for which she won another Best Actress Award at Filmfare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudhakaran |first=Sreeju |date=3 December 2017 |title=Tumhari Sulu box office collection: 5 lessons to learn from the success story of Vidya Balan's film |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/article/tumhari-sulu-box-office-collection-5-lessons-to-learn-from-the-success-story-of-vidya-balans-film/138336 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203172637/http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/article/tumhari-sulu-box-office-collection-5-lessons-to-learn-from-the-success-story-of-vidya-balans-film/138336 |archive-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=3 December 2017 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref><ref name="ff18">{{Cite news |date=21 January 2018 |title=63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018: Vidya Balan wins the Best Actor in a Leading Role (Female) award |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018-vidya-balan-wins-the-best-actor-in-a-leading-role-female-award/articleshow/62586291.cms |url-status=live |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121061556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018-vidya-balan-wins-the-best-actor-in-a-leading-role-female-award/articleshow/62586291.cms |archive-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> She also starred in the top-grossing ensemble drama ''[[Mission Mangal]]'' (2019).<ref name="alltime2">{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227151832/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She then starred in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming films ''[[Shakuntala Devi (film)|Shakuntala Devi]]'' (2020), ''[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]'' (2021), and ''[[Jalsa (2022 film)|Jalsa]]'' (2022),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-and-shefali-shahs-jalsa-will-give-you-pataal-lok-flashbacks-52507.html |title=Vidya Balan and Shefali Shah's Jalsa will give you Pataal Lok flashbacks |date=4 March 2022 |work=Filmfare |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307000018/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-and-shefali-shahs-jalsa-will-give-you-pataal-lok-flashbacks-52507.html |url-status=live }}</ref> winning another Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for playing an [[Indian Forest Service]] officer in ''Sherni''.<ref name="ff22">{{Cite news |title=67th Filmfare Awards 2022: Ranveer Singh and Kriti Sanon bag Best Actor for '83 and 'Mimi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/67th-wolf777news-filmfare-awards-2022-complete-winners-list/articleshow/93886545.cms |access-date=31 August 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830211825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/67th-wolf777news-filmfare-awards-2022-complete-winners-list/articleshow/93886545.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Her highest-grossing release came with the comedy horror sequel ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' (2024).<ref name="alltime2"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Panchal|first=Komal RJ|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/vidya-balan-says-she-waited-for-success-like-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-for-years-my-biggest-to-date-9661572/|title=Vidya Balan says she waited for success like Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 for years: 'My biggest hit to date'|work=The Indian Express|date=10 November 2024|access-date=10 November 2024|archive-date=10 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110065208/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/vidya-balan-says-she-waited-for-success-like-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-for-years-my-biggest-to-date-9661572/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
*''All films are in Hindi unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+{{Sronly|Vidya Balan filmography}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2003
!scope="row"| ''[[Bhalo Theko]]''
| Anandi
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]] film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="bhalo" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Devnath |first=Arun |date=24 October 2004 |title=Bhalo Theko: A film symbolising nature, tradition and love |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/10/24/d41024140395.htm |url-status=live |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114081951/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/10/24/d41024140395.htm |archive-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2005
!scope="row"| ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
| Lalita
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="oldawards">{{Cite web |title=Vidya Balan: Awards & nominations |url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/13469/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409130237/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/13469/index.html |archive-date=9 April 2010 |access-date=23 July 2010 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=7 February 2006 |title=Parineeta: Film review |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/parineeta-1200518683/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731184532/http://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/parineeta-1200518683/ |archive-date=31 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2006
!scope="row"| ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
| {{sort|Sahni|Jhanvi Sahni}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Poonam |date=19 August 2006 |title=Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/08/29/lage_raho_munna_bhai_2006_review.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925051549/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/08/29/lage_raho_munna_bhai_2006_review.shtml |archive-date=25 September 2015 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=BBC}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2007
!scope="row"| ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
| Meenakshi Saxena
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=12 January 2007 |title=Watch Guru for the actors |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/12guru.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123022904/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/12guru.htm |archive-date=23 January 2011 |access-date=6 July 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru (2007) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/guru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211213629/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/guru/ |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Salaam-e-Ishq]]''
| {{sort|Hussain|Tehzeeb Hussain Raina}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uniyal |first=Parmita |date=27 February 2014 |title=From Parineeta to SKSE: five shades of Vidya Balan, the wife on screen |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shaadi-ke-side-effects-five-shades-of-vidya-balan-the-wife-on-screen/article1-1188853.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=22 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125120754/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shaadi-ke-side-effects-five-shades-of-vidya-balan-the-wife-on-screen/article1-1188853.aspx |archive-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Eklavya: The Royal Guard]]''
| {{sort|Singh|Rajjo Singh}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eklavya — The Royal Guard (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201735 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114082108/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201735 |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Heyy Babyy]]''
|{{sort|Sahni|Isha B. Sahni}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heyy Babyy (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54366 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172401/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54366 |archive-date=18 May 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]''
| {{sort|Chaturvedi|Avni Chaturvedi}}/Manjulika
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |date=12 October 2007 |title=Bollywood Spectacle |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/movies/12bhoo.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114082147/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/movies/12bhoo.html?_r=0 |archive-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi"
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Om Shanti Om (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Pratim D. |date=4 November 2007 |title=Six packs vs puppy love |work=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071104/asp/entertainment/story_8507627.asp |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121060321/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071104/asp/entertainment/story_8507627.asp |archive-date=21 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
!scope="row"| ''[[Halla Bol]]''
| {{sort|Khan|Sneha Khan}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Halla Bol (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54395 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831182123/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54395 |archive-date=31 August 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kismat Konnection]]''
| {{sort|Saluja|Priya Saluja}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |date=18 July 2008 |title=Review 2: Kismat Konnection |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/kismat-konnection-movie-review/articleshow/3249927.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190916071103/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/kismat-konnection-movie-review/articleshow/3249927.cms |archive-date=16 September 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
| {{sort|Arte|Dr. Vidya Bharadwaj }}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kazmi, Nikhat |date=3 December 2009 |title=Review: Paa |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Paa/movie-review/5297226.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=25 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221134747/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Paa/movie-review/5297226.cms |archive-date=21 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2010
!scope="row"| ''[[Ishqiya]]''
| {{sort|Verma|Krishna Verma}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="ishqff">{{Cite news |date=30 January 2011 |title='My Name is Khan', 'Dabangg' shine at Filmfare Awards |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_my-name-is-khan-dabangg-shine-at-filmfare-awards_1500857 |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128120039/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_my-name-is-khan-dabangg-shine-at-filmfare-awards_1500857 |archive-date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra, Anupama |date=29 January 2010 |title=Review : Ishqiya |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/ishqiya-473 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090129/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/ishqiya-473 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=9 January 2011 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2011
!scope="row"| ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]''
| {{sort|Lal|Sabrina Lal}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Someshwar" />
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
| Makkom / Bhoomi
|[[Malayalam]] film; cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saraswathi |first=Nagarajan |date=3 October 2010 |title=Saga of romance and revenge |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/saga-of-romance-and-revenge/article809707.ece |url-status=live |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124223001/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/saga-of-romance-and-revenge/article809707.ece |archive-date=24 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''
| {{sort|Khurana|Divya Khurana}}
| rowspan="2" | Cameo
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thank You (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/546888 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214190415/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/546888 |archive-date=14 December 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]''
| Mrs. Kamath
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=29 April 2011 |title=Masand: 'Dum Maaro Dum' is very haphazard |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-dum-maaro-dum-is-very-haphazard/149953-47-66.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118223502/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-dum-maaro-dum-is-very-haphazard/149953-47-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| {{Sort|Dirty Picture, The|''[[The Dirty Picture]]''}}
| Reshma ([[Silk Smitha|Silk]])
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="National">{{Cite news |last=Jebaraj |first=Priscilla |date=7 March 2012 |title=Byari, a winning debut; Vidya Balan best actress |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2969914.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031020847/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2969914.ece |archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="awards">{{Cite web |title=Vidya Balan – Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/8098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129143424/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/8098 |archive-date=29 January 2012 |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
!scope="row"| ''[[Kahaani]]''
| {{sort|Bagchi|Vidya Venkatesan Bagchi}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="kahaaniff">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=Filmfare Awards: All the action from the awards night |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/filmfare-awards-live-all-the-action-from-the-awards-night/316815-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121023308/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/filmfare-awards-live-all-the-action-from-the-awards-night/316815-8-66.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=21 January 2013 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Pratim D. |date=10 March 2012 |title=What a ''Kahaani'' |work=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120310/jsp/entertainment/story_15231247.jsp#.T3F0dEoQgrU |url-status=dead |access-date=27 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313013944/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120310/jsp/entertainment/story_15231247.jsp |archive-date=13 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=9 March 2012 |title=Review: Vidya Balan rocks in Kahaani |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vidya-balan-rocks-in-kahaani/20120309.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311222230/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vidya-balan-rocks-in-kahaani/20120309.htm |archive-date=11 March 2012 |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''
| Unnamed
| Special appearance in song "Mala Jau De"
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2012 |title=Watch: Vidya Balan in Ferrari Ki Sawaari |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/watch-vidya-balan-in-ferrari-ki-sawaari/article1-857687.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=10 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114152240/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/watch-vidya-balan-in-ferrari-ki-sawaari/article1-857687.aspx |archive-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
!scope="row"| ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in song "Apna Bombay Talkies"
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=Sridevi, Shah Rukh, Aamir and a galaxy of stars in Bombay Talkies song |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-shah-rukh-aamir-and-a-galaxy-of-stars-in-bombay-talkies-song-632949 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114081915/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-shah-rukh-aamir-and-a-galaxy-of-stars-in-bombay-talkies-song-632949 |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ghanchakkar (film)|Ghanchakkar]]''
| {{sort|Athray|Neetu Athray}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="ghan">{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Onkar |date=29 June 2013 |title=Vidya Balan on ''Ghanchakkar'' and her first Cannes outing |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vidya-balan-on-ghanchakkar-and-her-first-cannes-outing/1134594/0 |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305151936/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vidya-balan-on-ghanchakkar-and-her-first-cannes-outing/1134594/0 |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!|Once Upon a Time in Mumbai Dobaara!]]''
| Unnamed
| Cameo
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2013 |title=Vidya Balan charms in Once Upon A Time in Mumbai Dobaara surprise cameo |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vidya-balan-in-a-cameo-in-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbaai-dobaara-173960-2013-08-15 |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131223131108/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vidya-balan-in-a-cameo-in-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbaai-dobaara/1/299735.html |archive-date=23 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Mahabharat (2013 film)|Mahabharat]]''
| [[Draupadi]] (voice)
| Animated film
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2013 |title=Plan your weekend: movies releasing this Friday |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/movies/plan-your-weekend-movies-releasing-this-friday/article1-1166634.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=28 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228014504/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/movies/plan-your-weekend-movies-releasing-this-friday/article1-1166634.aspx |archive-date=28 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
!scope="row"| ''[[Shaadi Ke Side Effects]]''
| {{sort|Mallik|Trisha Mallik}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |date=28 February 2014 |title=Movie Review: Shaadi Ke Side Effects |work=[[Filmfare]] |url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-shaadi-ke-side-effects-5499.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305095949/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-shaadi-ke-side-effects-5499.html |archive-date=5 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bobby Jasoos]]''
| {{sort|Ahmad|Bilkis "Bobby" Ahmed}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bobby Jasoos (2014) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/674568 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116063054/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/674568 |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
|2015
! scope="row"| ''[[Hamari Adhuri Kahani]]''
| {{sort|Prasad|Vasudha Prasad}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sahgal |first=Geety |date=19 December 2014 |title=Vidya Balan plays a floral designer |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/vidya-balan-plays-a-floral-designer/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219171851/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/vidya-balan-plays-a-floral-designer/ |archive-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Te3n]]''
| {{sort|Sarkar|Sarita Sarkar}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2016 |title=TE3N Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/6652736 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609113130/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/6652736 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=9 June 2016 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Ekk Albela]]''
| {{sortname|Geeta|Bali}}
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film; special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Alakananda |date=7 June 2016 |title=Constantly on the move |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/constantly-on-the-move/article8699167.ece |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406043740/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/constantly-on-the-move/article8699167.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh]]''
| {{sort|Sinha|Vidya Sinha}}/Durga Rani Singh
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=3 December 2016 |title=Kahaani 2 movie review: Vidya Balan's performance is the saving grace of this predictable thriller |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kahaani-2-movie-review-vidya-balan-arjun-rampal-sujoy-ghosh-star-rating-4405229/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210013355/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kahaani-2-movie-review-vidya-balan-arjun-rampal-sujoy-ghosh-star-rating-4405229/ |archive-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
! scope="row"| ''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]''
| Begum Jaan
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vetticad |first=Anna MM |date=14 April 2017 |title=Begum Jaan movie review: Vidya Balan and feminism deserve better than this soulless film |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-and-feminism-deserve-better-than-this-soulless-film-3383716.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414232602/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-and-feminism-deserve-better-than-this-soulless-film-3383716.html |archive-date=14 April 2017 |access-date=15 April 2017 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]''
| {{sort|Dubey|Sulochana "Sulu" Dubey}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=17 November 2017 |title=Tumhari Sulu Movie Review |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/tumhari-sulu-movie-review-vidya-balan-manav-kaul-film-4940289/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117174759/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/tumhari-sulu-movie-review-vidya-balan-manav-kaul-film-4940289/ |archive-date=17 November 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Amoli (film)|Amoli]]''
| Narrator
| [[English language|English]] documentary
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2018 |title=Amoli: Kamal Haasan, Vidya Balan, Rajkummar Rao lend voice to documentary on sexual exploitation |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amoli-kamal-haasan-vidya-balan-rajkummar-rao-lend-voice-to-documentary-on-sexual-exploitation-4458819.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508121752/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amoli-kamal-haasan-vidya-balan-rajkummar-rao-lend-voice-to-documentary-on-sexual-exploitation-4458819.html |archive-date=8 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
! scope="row" | ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]''
| rowspan="2" |Basavatarakam
| rowspan="2" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]] films
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="ntr">{{Cite web |date=4 October 2018 |title=NTR biopic, starring Nandamuri Balakrishna, Vidya Balan, Rana Daggubati, to release on 9 January, 2019 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntr-biopic-starring-nandamuri-balakrishna-vidya-balan-rana-daggubati-to-release-on-9-january-2019-5316621.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011174427/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntr-biopic-starring-nandamuri-balakrishna-vidya-balan-rana-daggubati-to-release-on-9-january-2019-5316621.html |archive-date=11 October 2018 |access-date=11 October 2018 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2018 |title=Release date of NTR Mahanayakudu confirmed |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/release-date-of-ntr-mahanayakudu-confirmed/articleshow/67160842.cms |url-status=live |access-date=4 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109010520/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/release-date-of-ntr-mahanayakudu-confirmed/articleshow/67160842.cms |archive-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]''
| Kalyani Bharath
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film; special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2019 |title=Pink remake starring Ajith named Nerkonda Paarvai, first look out |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/mar/04/ajiths-pink-remake-named-nerkonda-paarvai-first-look-out-1946667.html |url-status=live |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043121/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/mar/04/ajiths-pink-remake-named-nerkonda-paarvai-first-look-out-1946667.html |archive-date=6 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mission Mangal]]''
| {{sort|Shinde|Tara Shinde}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2018 |title=Akshay Kumar, Vidya Balan kick off Mission Mangal |work=Mumbai Mirror |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-vidya-balan-kick-off-mission-mangal/articleshow/66780147.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124074015/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-vidya-balan-kick-off-mission-mangal/articleshow/66780147.cms |archive-date=24 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Natkhat]]''
| Surekha
| Short film; also producer
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2019 |title=Vidya Balan turns producer with 'Natkhat' |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-vidya-balan-turns-producer-with-natkhat-2774914 |url-status=live |access-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723073940/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-vidya-balan-turns-producer-with-natkhat-2774914 |archive-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shakuntala Devi (film)|Shakuntala Devi]]''
| {{sort|Devi|[[Shakuntala Devi]]}}
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2019 |title=Shakuntala Devi first look poster: Vidya Balan is unrecognisable as Human Computer |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shakuntala-devi-first-look-poster-vidya-balan-is-unrecognisable-as-human-computer-1599594-2019-09-16 |url-status=live |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917105902/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shakuntala-devi-first-look-poster-vidya-balan-is-unrecognisable-as-human-computer-1599594-2019-09-16 |archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]''
| Vidya Vincent
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="ff22"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2020 |title=Vidya Balan starts shooting for Sherni in the middle of a forest on World Wildlife Day |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-starts-shooting-sherni-middle-forest-world-wildlife-day/ |access-date=3 March 2020 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519062444/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-starts-shooting-sherni-middle-forest-world-wildlife-day/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Jalsa (2022 film)|Jalsa]]''
| Maya Menon
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=Suresh Triveni's Jalsa starring Vidya Balan and Shefali Shah commences filming|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/suresh-trivenis-jalsa-starring-vidya-balan-shefali-shah-commences-filming/|access-date=12 August 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812144642/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/suresh-trivenis-jalsa-starring-vidya-balan-shefali-shah-commences-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Neeyat (2023 film)|Neeyat]]''
| Mira Rao
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2023 |title=Watch 'Neeyat' teaser. Vidya Balan turns detective to solve a 'classic' murder mystery in Anu Menon directorial |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/watch-neeyat-teaser-vidya-balan-turns-detective-to-solve-a-classic-murder-mystery-in-anu-menon-directorial-2395800-2023-06-21 |access-date=21 June 2023 |work=India Today |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621143547/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/watch-neeyat-teaser-vidya-balan-turns-detective-to-solve-a-classic-murder-mystery-in-anu-menon-directorial-2395800-2023-06-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024
! scope="row" | ''[[Do Aur Do Pyaar]]''
| Kavya Ganeshan
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-starrer-titled-aur-pyaar-set-release-march-29-2024/|title=Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi, Ileana D'Cruz and Sendhil Ramamurthy starrer titled Do Aur Do Pyaar; set to release on March 29, 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=17 January 2024|access-date=17 January 2024|archive-date=17 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117062502/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-starrer-titled-aur-pyaar-set-release-march-29-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
| Mallika / Manjulika
|
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Anindita|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-starts-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-shoot-calls-it-his-career-biggest-film-vidya-balan-triptii-dimri-2512603-2024-03-09|title=Kartik Aaryan starts 'Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3' shoot, calls it career's 'biggest film'|date=9 March 2024|work=India Today|access-date=10 March 2024|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309060324/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-starts-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-shoot-calls-it-his-career-biggest-film-vidya-balan-triptii-dimri-2512603-2024-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2026
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja Shivaji (film)|Raja Shivaji]]''
| [[Khadija Sultana]]
| Bilingual film: Marathi and Hindi
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Entertainment Desk|first=TOI|title=Vidya Balan joins 'Raja Shivaji' cast, Riteish Deshmukh brings Sanjay Dutt, Abhishek Bachchan, Mahesh Manjrekar and others for Pan-India flick |work=The Times of India |date=26 June 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vidya-balan-joins-raja-shivaji-cast-riteish-deshmukh-brings-sanjay-dutt-abhishek-bachchan-mahesh-manjrekar-and-others-for-pan-india-flick/articleshow/122086172.cms}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| {{Pending film|italic=no|Untitled ''Anees Bazmee'' film}}
|TBA
| Filming
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2026 |last=Seta |first=Fenil |title=Anees Bazmee CONFIRMS casting of his next film: "It stars Akshay Kumar, Vidya Balan, Raashii Khanna, Vijay Raaz…"; CLARIFIES on Sankranthiki Vasthunam remake rumours |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anees-bazmee-confirms-casting-next-film-stars-akshay-kumar-vidya-balan-raashii-khanna-vijay-raaz-clarifies-sankranthiki-vasthunam-remake-rumours/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+{{sronly|Vidya Balan in TV Series}}
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1995
!scope="row"| ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]''
| Radhika Mathur
| TV series
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhry |first=Seema |date=11 October 2014 |title=Book Review: Kingdom Of The Soap Queen |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Bp3hJC0mSeChSAgA6HW3mI/Book-Review--Kingdom-Of-The-Soap-Queen.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072916/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Bp3hJC0mSeChSAgA6HW3mI/Book-Review--Kingdom-Of-The-Soap-Queen.html?utm_source=copy |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2014
!scope="row"| ''No More Kamzor''
| Host
| TV special
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2014 |title=Vidya Balan hosts women's day special 'No More Kamzor' |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/389708/vidya-balan-hosts-women039s-day.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306130936/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/389708/vidya-balan-hosts-women039s-day.html |archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>
|}

== Music videos ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+{{sronly|Vidya Balan in music videos}}
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col"| Performer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2002
! scope="row"| "Aana Meri Gully"
| Bengali bride
| [[Euphoria (Indian band)|Euphoria]]
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="video">{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Anindya |date=9 February 2011 |title=Ode to a woman |work=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13554549.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210080400/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13554549.jsp |archive-date=2014-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Arindam |date=15 July 2013 |title=The sentimental bores me |work=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130715/jsp/t2/story_17117710.jsp#.VLFe73uXR9o |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110191650/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130715/jsp/t2/story_17117710.jsp |archive-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aana Meri Gully |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Euphoria-Gully/Aana-Meri-Gully/PBsaWTVJZHk_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092640/http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/euphoria-gully/aana-meri-gully/pbsawtvjzhk_ |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Saavn]]|date=14 December 2002 }}</ref>
|-
| 2002
! scope="row"| "Main Nashe Mein Hoon"
| Bengali girl
| {{sortname|Pankaj|Udhas}}
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="video" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUPzoLjtngA |title=Pankaj Udhas — Mein Nashe Mein Hoon |date=3 July 2013 |publisher=[[Vevo]] |access-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310060410/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUPzoLjtngA |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
! scope="row"| "Kisson Ki Chadar"
| Unknown
| {{sortname|Shubha|Mudgal}}
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="video" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubha Mudgal — Kisson Ki Chadar |url=http://www.saavn.com/p/album/hindi/Shubha-Mudgal---Kisson-Ki-Chadar-2003/PjubINuO-pE_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306183440/http://www.saavn.com/p/album/hindi/Shubha-Mudgal---Kisson-Ki-Chadar-2003/PjubINuO-pE_ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=Saavn |date=March 2003 }}</ref>
|-
| 2011
! scope="row"| "Jaani Na"
| Bengali wife
| [[Chandrabindoo (band)|Chandrabindoo]]
| style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="video" />
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Vidya Balan]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1799038|name=Vidya Balan}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120109164500/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/8098 Vidya Balan] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}
{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balan, Vidya filmography}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]

Vir Bahadur Singh Planetarium, Gorakhpur

2026-05-05T04:46:44Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added initial bio initial version

{{Short description|Tourist attraction in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{unreliable sources|date=February 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
'''Vir Bahadur Singh Planetarium''' (also spelled 'Veer' or 'Bir') is a tourist attraction in [[Gorakhpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India. It has been run by the Council of Science & Technology, Uttar Pradesh since 21 December 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cstup.org/portal/Home/Planetorium+%26+Science+Park/Veer+Bahadur+Singh+Planetarium%2CGorakhpur |title=Veer Bahadur Singh Planetarium GorakhPur |access-date=21 January 2020 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207160008/https://www.cstup.org/portal/Home/Planetorium+%26+Science+Park/Veer+Bahadur+Singh+Planetarium%2CGorakhpur |url-status=dead |website=Council of Science and Technology, U.P.}}</ref>

This planetarium runs three daily, 45-minute shows at 1pm, 3pm and 5pm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-planetarium-ticket-will-be-available-at-home-now-17997368.html|title=अब तारामंडल का टिकट भी आनलाइन|date=25 May 2018|website=Dainik Jagran}}</ref> It has a dome size of 18m and a seating capacity of 395.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.go-astronomy.com/planetarium-global.php?ID=849 | title=Planetariums in India | publisher=Go Astronomy | accessdate=28 February 2020 }}</ref> It is based on digital technology, and six equipments of CRT, Evans and Sutherland are installed here.{{clarify|date=February 2020}}

==See also==
* [[Indian Astronomical Observatory#Astrotourism|Astrotourism in India]]
* [[List of planetariums]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of planetariums]]

{{coord|26.7276|83.3881|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Planetaria in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gorakhpur]]

{{astronomy-stub}}
{{UttarPradesh-stub}}

Integral humanism (Hindu nationalism)

2026-04-24T14:26:28Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added Basic Bio Needs Work!

{{short description|Political program adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
[[File:Deendayal Upadhyaya 2018 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Deendayal Upadhyay portrayed in a postage stamp in 2018.]]
{{Humanism|Forms}}
'''Integral humanism''' was a set of concepts drafted by [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]] as a political program and adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the [[Jan Sangh]] and later the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).{{sfn|Hansen|1999|p=84}} The doctrine is also interpreted as a "[[universal brotherhood]]", an earlier [[Freemasonry|Freemasonic]] and in turn [[Theosophy|Theosophical]] concept. Upadhyaya borrowed the [[Gandhian economics|Gandhian principles]] such as [[sarvodaya]] (progress of all), [[swadeshi]] (domestic), and [[Gandhism#Antecedents|Gram Swaraj]] (village self rule) and these principles were appropriated selectively to give more importance to cultural-national values. These values were based on an individual's undisputed subservience to nation as a corporate entity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first=Nitya |chapter=Social justice and gender rights |editor1=Katharine Adeney |editor2=Lawrence Saez |title=Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism |date=11 April 2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134239788 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sll_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT178 |pages=124–125}}</ref>

The creation and adoption of these concepts helped to suit the major discourses in the Indian political arena of 1960s and 1970s. This highlighted efforts to portray the Jan Sangh and Hindu nationalist movement as a high profile right fringe of the Indian political mainstream. A major change here in compared to Golwalkar's works was the use of the word "Bhartiya" which Richard Fox had translated as "Hindian", combination of Hindu Indian. Due to the official secularism in politics, it had become impossible to invoke explicit reference to "Hindu" and the usage of the word Bhartiya allowed to circumvent this political reality.{{sfn|Hansen|1999|p=85}}

Upadhyaya considered that it was of utmost importance for India to develop an indigenous economic model with the human being at center stage. Integral Humanism was adopted as Jan Sangh's political doctrine and its new openness to other opposition forces made it possible for the Hindu nationalist movement to have an alliance in the early 1970s with the prominent Gandhian [[Sarvodaya#Sarvodaya movement|Sarvodaya movement]] going on under the leadership of [[J. P. Narayan]]. This was considered as the first major public breakthrough for the Hindu nationalist movement.{{sfn|Hansen|1999|p=85}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://180.179.170.85/en/about-the-party/philosophy |title=Philosophy |access-date=6 December 2017 |archive-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020094918/http://180.179.170.85/en/about-the-party/philosophy |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Philosophy==
According to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the primary concern in India should be to develop an indigenous development model that has human beings as its core focus.{{sfn|Hansen|1999|p=85}}

It is opposed to both western [[capitalist]] [[individualism]] and [[Marxism|Marxist socialism]], though welcoming to [[Science|western science]].{{sfn|Gosling|2001|p=124}} It seeks a middle ground between capitalism and socialism, evaluating both systems on their respective merits, while being critical of their excesses and alienness.{{sfn|Téatreault|Denemark|2004|p=122}}

===Four objectives of humankind===
Humankind, according to Upadhyaya, had four hierarchically organised attributes of [[Human body|body]], [[mind]], [[intellect]] and [[soul]] which corresponded to the four universal objectives of [[dharma]] (moral duties), [[artha]] (wealth), [[kama]] (desire or satisfaction), and [[moksha]] (total liberation or 'salvation'). While none could be ignored, dharma is the 'basic', and moksha the 'ultimate' objective of humankind and society. He claimed that the problem with both [[capitalist]] and [[socialist]] ideologies is that they only consider the needs of body and mind, and were hence based on the materialist objectives of desire and wealth.{{sfn|Bhatt|2001|p=155}}

===Rejection of individualism===
Upadhyaya rejected social systems in which individualism 'reigned supreme'. He also rejected communism in which individualism was 'crushed' as part of a 'large heartless machine'. Society, according to Upadhyaya, rather than arising from a [[social contract]] between individuals, was fully born at its inception itself as a natural living organism with a definitive 'national soul' or 'ethos' and its needs of the social organism paralleled those of the individual.{{sfn|Bhatt|2001|p=155}}

==Origins==

===Advaita Vedanta===
Upadhyaya was of the opinion that Integral Humanism followed the tradition of [[advaita]] developed by [[Adi Sankara]]. [[Nondualism]] represented the unifying principle of every object in the universe, and of which humankind was a part. This, claimed Upadhyaya, was the essence and contribution of Indian culture.{{sfn|Bhatt|2001|p=154-155}}

===Mahatma Gandhi===
Integral humanism is almost an exact paraphrase of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s vision of a future India. Both seek a distinctive path for India, both reject the [[materialism]] of socialism and capitalism alike, both reject the individualism of modern society in favour of a holistic, varna-dharma based community, both insist upon an infusion of religious and moral values in politics, and both seek a culturally authentic mode of modernisation that preserves [[Hindu values]].{{sfn|Nanda|2003|p=217}}

Integral humanism contains visions organised around two themes: morality in politics and [[swadeshi]], and small-scale industrialisation in economies, all [[Gandhian]] in their general thematic but distinctly [[Hindu nationalist]]. These notions revolve around the basic themes of harmony, primacy of cultural-national values, and discipline.{{sfn|Hansen|1999|p=85}}{{sfn|Marty|1993|p=418}}

==Contrast with Nehruvian economic policies==
Upadhyaya rejects [[Nehruvian]] economic policies and industrialisation on the grounds that they were borrowed uncritically from the West, in disregard of the cultural and spiritual heritage of the country. There is a need, according to Upadhyaya, to strike a balance between the Indian and Western thinking in view of the dynamic nature of the society and the cultural heritage of the country. The Nehruvian model of economic development, emphasising the increase of material wealth through rapid industrialisation, promoted [[consumerism]] in Indian society. Not only has this ideology of development created social disparities and regional imbalances in economic growth, but it has failed to alleviate poverty in the country. The philosophy of integral humanism, like Gandhism, opposes unbridled consumerism, since such an ideology is alien to Indian culture. This traditional culture stresses putting guardrails on one's desires and advocates spiritual contentment rather than ruthless pursuit of material wealth.{{sfn|Malik|1994|p=16}}

==See also==
*[[Integral humanism (Maritain)]]
*[[Integralism]]
*[[Traditionalist conservatism]]
*[[Hindu nationalism]]
*[[Hindutva]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Gosling|first=David|title=Religion and ecology in India and southeast Asia|publisher=Routledge|location=London New York|year=2001|isbn=0-415-24030-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Thomas |title=The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu nationalism in modern India |date=1999 |publisher=NJ: Princeton University Press|url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/6652.html|isbn=9780691006710 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090904151113/http://press.princeton.edu/titles/6652.html | archive-date= 4 September 2009 }} [https://archive.org/stream/ThomasBlomHansenTheSaffronWaveDemocracyABookZZ.org_201803/%5BThomas_Blom_Hansen%5D_The_Saffron_Wave_Democracy_a%28BookZZ.org%29_djvu.txt Alt URL]
* {{cite book|last=Bhatt|first=Chetan|title=Hindu nationalism origins, ideologies, and modern myths|publisher=Berg|location=Oxford New York|year=2001|isbn=1-85973-343-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/hindunationalism00chet}}
* {{cite book|last=Nanda|first=Meera|title=Prophets facing backward: postmodern critiques of science and Hindu nationalism in India|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, N.J|year=2003|isbn=0-8135-3357-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Malik|first=Yogendra|title=Hindu nationalists in India : the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party|publisher=Westview Press|location=Boulder|year=1994|isbn=0-8133-8810-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Téatreault|first1=Mary|last2=Denemark|first2=Robert A.|title=Gods, guns, and globalization : religious radicalism and international political economy|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|location=Boulder, Colo|year=2004|isbn=1-58826-253-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Marty|first=Martin|title=Fundamentalisms and the state : remaking polities, economies, and militance|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart|url-access=registration|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=1993|isbn=978-0-226-50884-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Koertge|first=Noretta|title=Scientific values and civic virtues|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford New York|year=2005|isbn=978-0-19-517224-9}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* ''Two Extracts from Integral Humanism'' from {{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Hindu nationalism a reader|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, N.J|year=2007|isbn=978-0-691-13097-2|language=cs}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190119171126/http://www.bjp.org/about-the-party/philosophy/?u=integral-humanism Philosophy of Integral Humanism at the website of BJP] ([https://www.bjp.org/integralhumanism English])

{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Integral Humanism (India)}}
[[Category:Indian political philosophy]]
[[Category:Political ideologies]]
[[Category:Hindu nationalism]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Religious humanism]]
[[Category:Political science terminology]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
[[Category:Philosophy of culture]]

Vinod Palyekar

2026-04-22T02:28:02Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added basic stub added tags

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vinod Palyekar
| birth_name = Vinoda Datarama Paliencar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Goa]], India
| image = Vinoda Paliencar in 2017.jpg
| caption = Paliencar in 2017
| office = <big>Minister of Water Resources Department </big>[[Government of Goa]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2019
| 1blankname = Chief minister
| 1namedata = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| predecessor = [[Dayanand Mandrekar]]<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/goa/news/goa-election-results-2017-water-resources-minister-loses/articleshow/57590678.cms|title=Goa election results 2017: Water resources minister loses |website=Timesofindia.indoatimes.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
| office2 = <big>Minister of Fisheries </big>[[Government of Goa]]
| term_start2 = 14 March 2017<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/mar/14/manohar-parrikar-sworn-in-as-the-new-chief-minister-of-goa-1581281.html|title=Manohar Parrikar sworn in as the new chief minister of Goa|website=Newindianexpress.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
| term_end2 = 24 March 2019
| 1blankname2 = Chief minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| predecessor2 = [[Avertano Furtado]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/khaunte-creates-history-becomes-first-independent-to-retain-seat/articleshow/57600212.cms|title=Rohan Khaunte creates history, becomes first independent to retain seat |website=Timesofindia.indoatimes.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Major-ministers-shown-the-gate-by-Goans/112578.html|title=Major ministers shown the gate by Goans|website=Heraldgoa.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
| office3 = Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Siolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siolim]]
| term_start3 = 2017<ref name="indiatimes.com"/>
| predecessor3 = [[Dayanand Mandrekar]]
| term_end3 = 2022
| successor3 = [[Delilah Lobo]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| other_party = [[Goa Forward Party]] (2016–2022)
| alma_mater = [[Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal]]
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Businessman<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/goa2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=23|title=Vinoda Datarama Paliencar(Goa Forward Party):Constituency- SIOLIM(NORTH GOA) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Vinoda Datarama Paliencar''',<ref name="auto"/> better known as '''Vinod Palyekar''',<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-01-16 |title=Karnataka paid to witness to appear before tribunal, says Goa minister Vinod Palyekar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/karnataka-paid-to-witness-to-appear-before-tribunal-says-goa-minister-vinod-palyekar-5027270/ |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician and businessman who is a former [[Minister (government)|cabinet minister]] in the [[Government of Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goaassembly.gov.in/member.php?id=162&flag=CM|title=Shri. Vinoda Paliencar – Fisheries Minister – Water Resources Minister – Goa Legislative Assembly|website=goaassembly.gov.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> He is also a former Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Siolim Assembly constituency|Siolim]] from 2017 to 2022, and belongs to the [[Goa Forward Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/elections/goa-assembly-elections-2017/goa-election-results-full-list-of-constituencies-and-candidates-winner-list-4562578/|title=Goa elections result 2017: Full list of constituencies and their winners|date=9 March 2017|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Paliencar was the Minister for Fisheries and Water Resources Department.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goa.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Notification-reg-allocating-buisness-of-the-government-to-the-minsters.pdf|title=Notification|website=Goa.gov.in|access-date=2017-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/dalgado-day-2017-celebrated/|title=Dalgado Day 2017 celebrated|work=[[The Navhind Times]]|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> He is a classical singer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govind-gawade-is-the-tribal-face-of-the-ministry-he-2352759|title=Govind Gawade is the tribal face of the ministry. He – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=14 March 2017|website=Dnaindia.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Paliencar is the in-charge of the [[Other Backward Class (OBC)|OBC]] wing of the [[Goa Forward Party]].<ref name="prudentmedia.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.prudentmedia.in/politics/goa-forward-president-vijay-sardesai-for-goemkarponn.html|title=Goa Forward President Vijay Sardesai for Goemkarponn|website=Prudentmedia.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>

==Early life==
Vinoda Datarama Paliencar obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in classical music in 1988 from the [[Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal]] in [[Miraj]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="auto"/> Paliencar is a disciple of [[Jitendra Abhisheki|Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Fly-on-the-wall-/BJP-big-daddies-are-in-a-coast-of-discomfort-in-Pernem-Mandrem-and-Siolim/110993.html|title=BJP big daddies are in a coast of discomfort in Pernem, Mandrem and Siolim|website=Heraldgoa.in|access-date=31 July 2017|archive-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416051720/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Fly-on-the-wall-/BJP-big-daddies-are-in-a-coast-of-discomfort-in-Pernem-Mandrem-and-Siolim/110993.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Political career==
Paliencar served as a panch of the [[Siolim]]-Marna [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Dayanand-Mandrekar-son-came-to-our-house-to-abuse-threaten-my-husband-Priya-Mitbowker/96991.html|title=Dayanand Mandrekar & son came to our house to abuse & threaten my husband: Priya Mitbowker|website=Heraldgoa.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/siolim-marna-sarpanch-deputy-wins-no-confidence-motion/|title=Siolim-Marna sarpanch, deputy wins no-confidence motion – The Navhind Times|website=Navhindtimes.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> His brother Uday Paliencar had unsuccessfully contested the [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] as a candidate of the [[Indian National Congress]] from the [[Siolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siolim]] constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=17258|title=BJP has failed to honour promises made in 2012: Congress|website=Englishnews.thegoan.net|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Statistical_Report_GOA2012.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF GOA|website=Eci.nic.in|access-date=2017-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Sattari%E2%80%99s-gambling-dons-bet-on-police-complicity/93165.html|title=Sattari's gambling dons bet on police complicity|website=Heraldgoa.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>

Paliencar quit the [[Indian National Congress]] to join the [[Goa Forward Party]] on 11 October 2016.<ref name="indiatimes.com1">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Siolim-Cong-member-Palekar-joins-Goa-Forward/articleshow/54801566.cms|title=Siolim Cong member Palekar joins Goa Forward – Times of India|website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://chronicler.in/goa-forward-moving-forward/Goa/|title=Goa Forward Moving Forward – The Chronicler|date=12 October 2016|website=Chronicler.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> He contested the [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] as a candidate of the [[Goa Forward Party]] from the [[Siolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siolim]] constituency and defeated the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Dayanand Mandrekar]] who was elected from [[Siolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Siolim]] for continuous four terms<ref>{{cite web|date=March 11, 2017|title=Most ministers in Goa defeated|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/most-ministers-in-goa-defeated-889235-2017-03-11|access-date=2021-09-07|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> and was considered a political heavyweight.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Fly-on-the-wall-/Fly-on-the-wall-/BJP-big-daddies-are-in-a-coast-of-discomfort-in-Pernem-Mandrem-and-Siolim/110993.html|title=BJP big daddies are in a coast of discomfort in Pernem, Mandrem and Siolim|website=Heraldgoa.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> On 12 July 2017, Paliencar was appointed the in-charge of the [[Other Backward Class (OBC)|OBC]] wing of the [[Goa Forward Party]].<ref name="prudentmedia.in"/>

===Cabinet Minister===
After the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led by [[Manohar Parrikar]] formed the government after the [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2017 Assembly elections]] with the support of the [[Goa Forward Party|Goa forward]], Paliencar was sworn in as a [[Minister (government)|cabinet Minister]] on 14 March 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/parrikar-sworn-in-as-goa-cm-for-4th-time/|title=Parrikar sworn in as Goa CM for 4th time|website=Navhindtimes.in|date=14 March 2017|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> He was allotted the portfolios of Fisheries and Water Resources Department.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goa.gov.in/ministers/shri-vinoda-paliencar/|title=Government of Goa – Shri. Vinoda Paliencar|website=Goa.gov.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>

After being appointed a [[Minister (government)|cabinet Minister]] paid a surprise visit to the Water Resources Department's office at [[Porvorim]] and found that while some officials were not present in the office, others were sleeping during office hours. A [[memorandum]] was served to the erring officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=31324|title=Palyekar catches WRD staff napping on duty|website=Englishnews.thegoan.net|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/-vinod-palyekars-surprise-visit-to-wrd-office-sees-staff-snoozing/articleshow/57760984.cms|title=Vinod Palyekar's surprise visit to WRD office sees staff snoozing |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.comaccessdate=31 July 2017}}</ref> Paliencar demanded a complete ban on [[rave]] parties on [[Goa]]'s beaches and alleged there the police were turning a blind eye to such parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/late-night-parties-already-banned-in-goa-parrikar-orders-crack-down-on-drugs-4610812/|title=Late night parties already banned in Goa; Parrikar orders crack down on drugs|date=12 April 2017|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/minister-demands-ban-on-late-night-rave-parties-in-goa/622755/|title=Minister demands ban on late night rave parties in Goa|date=10 April 2017|website=Financialexpress.com|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Paliencar said in an interview that he was 'pressurized' for his stand against the late night [[rave]] parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Yf2o6sQdA|title=I WAS PRESURIZED FOR OPPOSING LATE NIGHT MUSIC: PALYEKAR|date=22 May 2017|access-date=31 July 2017|publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

Paliencar introduced a scheme named ''Nital Goem, Nital Baim''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://goawrd.gov.in/services/nital-goem-nital-baim-subsidy|title=Application for Nital Goem, Nital Baim subsidy – Department of Water Resources, Government of Goa, India.|website=Goawrd.gov.in|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> under which the Water Resources Department shall provide subsidy up to Rs. 50,000/- for the rejuvenation of wells in [[Goa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/rs-50000-assistance-for-renovation-of-wells/|title=Rs 50,000 assistance for renovation of wells |newspaper=The Navhind Times |access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Goa/Govt-launches-Nital-Baim/116557.html|title=Govt launches Nital Baim |newspaper=The Navhind Times |access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=33860|title=Scheme to rejuvenate wells launched |newspaper=The Goan |access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>

====Stance on Mhadei river====
After the controversy resulting out of [[Chief Minister of Goa]] [[Manohar Parrikar]]'s letter to the [[Karnataka]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] President [[B. S. Yeddyurappa]], Paliencar suggested that [[Manohar Parrikar|Parrikar]]'s letter was a ''political stunt'' and categorically stated that ''(we will) not give a single drop of ([[Mhadei]]'s) water to [[Karnataka]]''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/every-drop-of-mhadei-will-be-protected-palyekar/ | title=Every drop of Mhadei will be protected: Palyekar |newspaper=The Navhind Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/not-a-drop-of-water-for-karnataka-says-goa-minister-amid-mahadayi-row-1792785 | title="Not a Drop of Water for Karnataka," Says Goa Minister Amid Mahadayi Row }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Goa-won%E2%80%99t-allow-even-a-drop-of-Mhadei-water-to-be-diverted-Palyekar/118353.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731230349/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Goa-won%E2%80%99t-allow-even-a-drop-of-Mhadei-water-to-be-diverted-Palyekar/118353.html |archive-date=2017-07-31 |title=Goa won't allow even a drop of Mhadei water to be diverted: Palyekar |date=1 August 2017 |newspaper=[[O Heraldo]]}}</ref>

==Controversy==
After visiting the [[Kalasa-Banduri Nala project]] site on 13 January 2018, Paliencar while accusing [[Karnataka]] of diverting the water of [[Mhadei]] river referred to the people of [[Karnataka]] as ''harami''<ref>{{cite AV media| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/GamgJOml17Y| archive-date = 2021-12-09| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GamgJOml17Y| title = Mahadayi row: Goa Minister calls Kannadigas 'harami', Karnataka Congress to protest | website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mahadayi-dispute-protests-erupt-in-karnataka-after-goa-minister-calls-kannadigas-harami-1145446-2018-01-15 | title=Mahadayi dispute: Protests erupt in Karnataka after Goa minister calls Kannadigas harami }}</ref> but later admitted that he had used the expletive at the spur of the moment.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/goa-minister-uses-expletive-says-river-water-being-diverted-5023603/ | title=Goa minister uses expletive, says river water being diverted | date=14 January 2018 }}</ref> He requested the media to expunge the abusive word.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mahadayi-row-goa-minister-abuses-kannada-people-requests-media-to-expunge-word/story-P6fBqXvENv9SCTLiMYUFPN.html | title=Mahadayi row: Goa minister abuses Kannada people, requests media to expunge word | date=14 January 2018 }}</ref>

Paliencar's comments sparked protests in [[Karnataka]] and political leaders including Chief Minister [[Siddaramaiah]] and [[Karnataka]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] President [[B. S. Yeddyurappa]] demanded an apology.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ktaka-leaders-seek-apology-after-goa-water-minister-calls-kannadigas-harami-74752 |title=K'taka leaders seek apology after Goa Water Minister calls Kannadigas 'harami' |publisher=The News Minute |date=January 15, 2018 |access-date=2022-05-25}}</ref> After an outrage of social media and demands for an apology, Paliencar through his Twitter account claimed that ''The so-called abusive words were misquoted & reported by Journalist without being present for press conference.''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/comment-was-misquoted-says-goa-minister-palyekar-after-karnataka-politicos-demand-apology-2620461.html | title='Comment was misquoted', says Goa Minister Palyekar after Karnataka politicos demand apology | date=15 January 2018 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palyekar, Vinod}}
[[Category:Politicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Goa Forward Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Goa]]

Thanungattilthodu

2026-04-18T11:42:15Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added basic details needs work

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

'''Thanungattilthodu''' is a tributary stream of the [[Pamba River]], the third longest river in the [[South India]]n state of [[Kerala]]. It flows through the town of [[Kozhencherry]] in [[Pathanamthitta District]].

== References ==
<references />
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Rivers of Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Pamba River]]

{{Kerala-river-stub}}

Water Literacy Foundation

2026-04-17T03:14:35Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added the data w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox organisation
| name = Water Literacy Foundation
| image = Water Literacy Foundation Logo Small.jpg
| type = [[Non-governmental organization]]
| founded = 2005 [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| founder = Ayyappa Masagi
| region_served = India
| focus = [[Water conservation]], [[Rainwater harvesting]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.waterliteracyfoundation.com/}}
}}

'''Water Literacy Foundation'''<ref name=impact>{{cite web|title=Water Literacy Foundation & Rainwater Concepts A water efficient nation, water for everyone.|url=http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Water-Literacy-Foundation-on-Social-Impact.pdf|work=www.social-impact.org|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222424/http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Water-Literacy-Foundation-on-Social-Impact.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> is a [[non-governmental organisation|non-governmental]] [[environmentalism|environmental]] organisation based in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], whose high goal is to make India a "water-efficient nation" by raising awareness about [[water scarcity]] and establishing [[rainwater harvesting]] in all areas of India.

==History==
[[Ayyappa Masagi]],<ref name="Youth Leader India">{{cite news|last=Nikesh|first=Thapaliya|title=The Water Warrior: Ayyappa Masagi harvesting every drop of water to save India|url=http://www.india.youth-leader.org/2011/03/the-water-warrior-ayyappa-masagi-harvesting-every-drop-of-water-to-save-india/|access-date=27 March 2012|newspaper=Youth Leader India|date=March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315054216/http://www.india.youth-leader.org/2011/03/the-water-warrior-ayyappa-masagi-harvesting-every-drop-of-water-to-save-india/|archive-date=15 March 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> who had been working as a mechanical engineer at [[Larsen & Toubro]] for 23 years, started to experiment with rainwater harvesting and non-irrigational agricultural methods in 1994.<ref name="ThinkChange India">{{cite web|last=Badhri|first=Jagannathan|title=Interview: Ayyappa Masagi of Water Literacy Foundation|url=http://www.thinkchangeindia.org/2011/08/14/interview-ayyappa-masagi-of-water-literacy-foundation/|work=ThinkChange India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> After a few years of successful results in his native region, [[Gadag]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]], he quit his job to focus on working in the field of rainwater harvesting.

It was in 2004 when he earned the Ashoka fellowship for his work on water conservation.<ref name=ashoka>{{cite web|title=AYYAPPA MASAGI|url=https://www.ashoka.org/fellow/ayyappa-masagi|work=ashoka.org|publisher=Ashoka}}</ref> One year later, with the support of [[Ashoka: Innovators for the Public]], he started Water Literacy Foundation, located in [[Bangalore]], India. To obtain a change in India by 2020, the [[NGO]] is working to support farmers by giving them knowledge about non-irrigational agriculture and rainwater harvesting and realising projects that fight water scarcity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Examples of Successful Projects of WLF|url=http://www.rainwaterconcepts.co.in/Success%20Stories.htm|access-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413061909/http://www.rainwaterconcepts.co.in/Success%20Stories.htm|archive-date=13 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The activities of the foundation expand to individual houses and industries, trying to create solutions to the [[Water shortage|shortage of water]] linked to the fast-growing population of Bangalore.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|title=City-based water conservationist to receive Jamnalal Bajaj Award|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/19/stories/2009101957810200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026164647/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/19/stories/2009101957810200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2009|access-date=27 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 October 2009}}</ref>

In 2008, the foundation became associated with a new project: Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (I)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (India) |url=http://rainwaterconcepts.co.in/}}</ref> in a [[cross subsidisation|cross-subsidisation]] model. The [[social business]] implements rainwater harvesting systems for industries. Besides, it is funding the campaigns of the foundation among farmers and schools.<ref name="Book1 CSIM">{{cite book |title=Unsung beacons, stories of people for whom humanity matters |publisher=CSIM |year=2012 |location=Chennai, India |pages=199–205}}</ref> [[Ayyappa Masagi]] was awarded the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |date= |publisher=[[Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation]]}}</ref>

Only four years later, the associated organisation entered the [[Limca Book of Records]] for constructing 500 lakes—the highest number of artificial lakes created by one company.<ref name="Jamnalal Bajaj">{{cite web|title=Ayyappa Masagi, recipient of Jamnala Bajaj award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development - 2009|url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/media/pdf/JBA_2009_Bio_Ayyappa_Masagi.pdf|work=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> Furthermore, the NGO claim to have indirectly recharged more than 70,000 borewells and reached around 1.5 million people in 36,000 locations.<ref name=tehelka>{{cite news|last=Yamini|first=Deenadayalan|title=Ayyappa Masagi, 54, rainwater harvester|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=Ne190211INSPIRATIONS.asp|access-date=27 March 2012|newspaper=Tehelka Magazine|date=19 February 2011}}</ref>

==Activities==

The goal of the foundation is to [[raising awareness|raise awareness]] about water shortages and implement rainwater harvesting systems in farms, houses, and industries. It offers several systems:<ref name=technology>{{cite web|last=Antonin|first=Borgnon|title=Water Literacy Foundation, Technology|url=http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/?page_id=78|publisher=Water Literacy Foundation|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
* Rooftop rainwater harvesting
* Lake type borewell recharging
* Infiltration wells
* Stream water harvesting
* Seepage recharging
* Sump type borewell recharging
* Non-irrigational agricultural practices
* Tree-based agriculture

To raise awareness, the foundation attends [[Political rally|rallies]], sponsors [[lectures]], and gives talks at conferences such as TEDx conference,<ref name=TEDx>{{cite web|title=Theme: Ideas for India|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/945|work=TEDx Velammal|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> school education programs, or [[world water day]] events.

The foundation publishes books that instruct farmers to implement rainwater harvesting systems by themselves.<ref name=Bhageertha>{{cite book|last=Ayyappa|first=Masagi|title=Bhageertha|year=2012|publisher=Water Literacy Foundation|location=India}}</ref> The foundation is helped by international volunteers mainly hosted through a program of FSL India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Homepage of FSL India|url=http://fsl-india.org/}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Environment|India}}
* [[Rainwater harvesting]]
* [[Water conservation]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.waterliteracyfoundation.com/}}
* [http://www.thinkchangeindia.org/2011/08/14/interview-ayyappa-masagi-of-water-literacy-foundation/ Interview of Ayyappa Masagi by ''Think Change India'']
*[https://www.knowyourstar.com/ayyappa-masagi-biography-interview/ Interview of Ayyappa Masagi by KnowYourStar.com]

[[Category:Environmental organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2005]]
[[Category:Water conservation in India]]
[[Category:Nature conservation organisations based in Asia]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Karnataka]]

Savitha Shri Baskar

2026-04-17T00:26:11Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added first info w/ sources

{{short description|Indian chess player (born 2007)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Savitha Shri Baskar
| image = Savitha Shri B 2019 Karlsruhe.jpg
| caption = Savitha Shri Baskar at the Grenke Chess Open 2019 in Karlsruhe
| country = India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2007|1|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| title = [[International Master]] (2025) [[Woman Grandmaster]] (2023)
| peakrating = 2435 (September 2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/35061887/chart |title=Savitha Shri FIDE profile|access-date= 8 December 2020}}</ref>
| FideID = 35061887
}}

'''Savitha Shri Baskar''' (born 25 January 2007) is an Indian [[chess]] player. She achieved the title of [[Woman Grandmaster]] in 2023. She achieved the title of [[International Master]] in 2025.

She won a bronze medal in the women's tournament in the [[World Rapid Chess Championship 2022]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-28 |title=India's Savitha Shri bags bronze in World Rapid Chess |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/indias-savitha-shri-bags-bronze-in-world-rapid-chess/articleshow/96576036.cms |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She was part of the Indian team which won a bronze medal in the [[FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2021]], and the Indian team which won a silver medal in the [[Chess at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team standard|women's team event]] at the [[2022 Asian Games]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{FIDE|35061887|Savitha Shri B}}
* {{Instagram|name=Savitha Shri}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baskar, Savitha Shri}}
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female chess players]]
[[Category:Game players from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]
[[Category:Chess players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in chess]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Chess Woman Grandmasters]]
[[Category:World Youth Chess Champions]]
[[Category:Chess Olympiad competitors]]
[[Category: Chess International Masters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Narsampet Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:13:24Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: added new entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narsampet
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (103-Narsampet highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Narsampet Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Donthi Madhava Reddy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress ]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = Warangal Rural [[Warangal (Assembly constituency)|Warangal]]
| electors = 202,010
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 103
| loksabha_cons = [[Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency|Mahabubabad]]
}}

'''Narsampet Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of the constituencies in [[Warangal rural district]]. It is part of [[Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Donthi Madhava Reddy]] who contested in election as MLA from [[Indian National Congress ]] won the seat in 2023. [[Indian National Congress]] won in Narsampet after 56 years.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/congress-mla-redya-naik-daughter-join-trs/article6564413.ece congress mla redya naik daughter join trs]</ref>

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Narsampet]]
|-
| [[Chennaraopet]]
|-
| [[Duggondi]]
|-
| [[Nekkonda]]
|-
| [[Nallabelly]]
|-
| Khanapuram
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Duration
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| 1957–62
| K. Kanaka Rathnamma
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1962–67
| Arshanpalli Venkateshwar Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 1967–72
| Katanguri Sudharshan Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1972–78
| [[Maddikayala Omkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| 1978–83
| [[Maddikayala Omkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| 1983–85
| [[Maddikayala Omkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| 1985–89
| [[Maddikayala Omkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| 1989–94
| [[Maddikayala Omkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| 1994–99
| [[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1999–04
| [[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2004–09
| Kammampati Laxma Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2009–14
| [[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Telangana]]
|-
| 2014–18
| [[Donthi Madhava Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| 2018–23
| Peddi Sudarshan Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2023-
| [[Donthi Madhava Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Narsampet (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate =[[Donthi Madhava Reddy]]
| votes =1,04,185
| percentage =50.73
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Peddi Sudarshan Reddy|votes=85,296|percentage=41.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Kambhampati Prathap (Pulla Rao)|votes=3,062|percentage=1.49|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Alliance of Democratic Reforms Party|candidate=Gone Yuwa Raj|votes=2,451|percentage=1.19|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Dr. Gundala Madan Kumar|votes=1,531|percentage=0.75|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Pratap Reddy Mogili|votes=1,400|percentage=0.68|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Emmadi Chinni Krishna Yadav|votes=1,347|percentage=0.66|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Prem Lal Banoth (BPN)|votes=1,115|percentage=0.54|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Marxist Communist Party of India (United)|candidate=Ramesh Peddarapu|votes=1,091|percentage=0.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=738|percentage=0.36|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=18,889|percentage=9.20|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=2,05,386|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Indian National Congress
|loser =Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsampet}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate =[[Peddi Sudarshan Reddy]]
| votes = 94,430
| percentage = 49.80%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate =[[Donthi Madhava Reddy]]
| votes = 77,455
| percentage = 40.85%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate =[[J. Nageshwar Rao]]
| votes = 9,052
| percentage = 4.77%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate =[[None of the Above]]
| votes = 2,442
| percentage = 1.29%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 16,975
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,89,631
| percentage = 90.35%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Independent politician
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Narsampet (Assembly constituency)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate =[[Donthi Madhava Reddy ]]
| votes = 76,144
| percentage = 42%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate =[[Peddi Sudharshan Reddy]]
| votes = 57,768
| percentage = 31.86%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate =[[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| votes = 34,479
| percentage = 19.02%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate =[[Katthi Venkata Swamy]]
| votes = 6,638
| percentage = 3.67%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 18,376
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,81,337
| percentage = 88.2%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Independent Politician
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.93|79.89|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Arani Srinivasulu

2026-04-14T03:42:56Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: starting a entry and citations

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1954)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Arani|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Arani Srinivasulu 2019-03-19.png
| name = Arani Srinivasulu
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Bhumana Karunakar Reddy]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]
| term_start1 = 2019
| term_end1 = 2024
| predecessor1 = [[D. K. Satya Prabha]]
| successor1 = [[Gurajala Jagan Mohan]]
| constituency1 = [[Chittoor Assembly constituency|Chittoor]]
| birth_date = 15 May 1954
| party = [[Janasena Party]] (since 2024)
| other_party = [[YSR Congress Party]] (until 2024) [[Praja Rajyam Party]] [[Telugu Desam Party]]
}}

'''Arani Srinivasulu''' (born 15 May 1954),<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2022 |title=ఘనంగా చిత్తూరు ఎమ్మెల్యే జన్మదిన వేడుకలు |trans-title=Birthday celebrations of Chittoor MLA |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-mla-arani-srinivasulu-birthday-celebrations-held-glory-1456627 |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> also known as '''Jangalapalli Srinivasulu'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2019 |title=YSR Congress Party releases full list of candidates for Lok Sabha election, Assembly poll in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/ysr-congress-party-releases-full-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-assembly-poll-in-andhra-pradesh-2188235.html |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref> and '''JMC''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2014 |title=బాబుకు జేఎంసీ షాక్ |trans-title=JMC shocks Babu |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/leaders-are-going-to-ysrcp-120414 |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> is a politician from the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from [[Tirupati Assembly constituency]] in 2024 on behalf of the [[Janasena Party]] (JSP).

== Early life and education ==
Arani Srinivasulu was born to Arani Krishnaiah in Kongareddypalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/andhrapradesh2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5154 |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He did his graduation in Arts from PVKN Government Degree College, S. V. University, Tirupati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Aranii Srenevasulu (Jangalapalli) {{!}} MLA {{!}} Chittoor {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://theleaderspage.com/aranii-srenevasulu-jangalapalli/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Srinivasulu contested the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from Chittoor constituency on behalf of [[Praja Rajyam Party]] (PRP) and lost the election to {{Interlanguage link|C. K. Babu|te|సి.కె. బాబు}} of [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress) by just 1,710 votes and 1.3%. Later he left PRP and joined TDP and had been appointed the president of its [[Chittoor district]] unit.<ref name=":0" /> In April 2014, he left TDP and joined YSRCP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2014 |title=సొంత జిల్లాలో చంద్రబాబుకు షాక్ |trans-title=Shock for Chandrababu in his own district |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/jangalapalli-srinivasulu-resigns-tdp-120222 |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> He contested to Chittoor constituency in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] on behalf of YSRCP but lost to TDP's {{Interlanguage link|D. K. Satya Prabha|te|డి.కె. సత్యప్రభ}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2022 |title=AP Politics: రాజకీయాల్లో యాక్టీవ్ అవుతున్న చిత్తూరు నేత.. పెద్దిరెడ్డితో వైరం ప్లస్సా.. మైనస్సా..! |trans-title=AP Politics: Chittoor leader who is active in politics.. Void with Peddireddy Positive.. Negative..! |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/andhra-pradesh/ap-politics-speculations-over-senior-politician-ck-babu-to-join-ysrcp-even-he-had-rift-with-minister-peddireddy-rama-chandra-reddy-full-details-here-prn-tpt-1273788.html |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=K. Umashanker |date=20 November 2020 |title=Former Chittoor MLA Satyaprabha passes away |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/former-chittoor-mla-satyaprabha-passes-away/article33138851.ece |access-date=23 November 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He again contested in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] and won as the MLA.<ref>{{Cite news |last=K. Umashanker |date=12 September 2022 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Chittoor Kannan school celebrates diamond jubilee |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-chittoor-kannan-school-celebrates-diamond-jubilee/article65882446.ece |access-date=23 November 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chittoor Constituency Winner List in AP Elections 2019 |url=https://www.sakshi.com/election-2019/en/results/andhra_pradesh/constituency/chittoor |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]}}</ref>

Srinivasulu was unhappy with the YSRCP leadership ever since party has appointed Vijayanand Reddy as the Chittoor constituency in-charge for upcoming 2024 general elections to AP Assembly.<ref name="Dropping sitting MLA as in-charge of Chittoor constituency a political gamble, opine YSRCP leaders">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Dropping sitting MLA as in-charge of Chittoor constituency a political gamble, opine YSRCP leaders |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/dropping-sitting-mla-as-in-charge-of-chittoor-constituency-a-political-gamble-opine-ysrcp-leaders/article67734333.ece |access-date=7 March 2024 |date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307114031/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/dropping-sitting-mla-as-in-charge-of-chittoor-constituency-a-political-gamble-opine-ysrcp-leaders/article67734333.ece |archive-date=7 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> After that he met [[Jana Sena Party|Jana Sena party]] chief Pawan Kalyan on 3 March 2024 in Hyderabad and later YSR Congress Party suspended him from Party.<ref name="YSRCP suspends Chittoor MLA after he meets Pawan Kalyan">{{cite news |last1=The News Minute |title=YSRCP suspends Chittoor MLA after he meets Pawan Kalyan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ysrcp-suspends-chittoor-mla-after-he-meets-pawan-kalyan |access-date=7 March 2024 |date=4 March 2024 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref>

Arani Srinivasulu has joined [[Jana Sena Party]] in the presence of party president [[Pawan Kalyan]] on 7 March 2024.<ref name="YSRCP Chittoor MLA Arani Srinivasulu joins Jana Sena Party">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=YSRCP Chittoor MLA Arani Srinivasulu joins Jana Sena Party |url=https://thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-chittoor-mla-arani-srinivasulu-joins-jana-sena-party/article67925163.ece |access-date=23 March 2024 |date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323145534/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-chittoor-mla-arani-srinivasulu-joins-jana-sena-party/article67925163.ece |archive-date=23 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="YSRCP">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=YSRCP Chittoor MLA to join Jana Sena Party, strongman C.K. Babu {{as written|annou|ces [sic]}} support to TDP candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-chittoor-mla-to-join-jana-sena-party-strongman-ck-babu-annouces-support-to-tdp-candidate/article67910129.ece |access-date=7 March 2024 |date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307113755/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-chittoor-mla-to-join-jana-sena-party-strongman-ck-babu-annouces-support-to-tdp-candidate/article67910129.ece |archive-date=7 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arani, Srinivasulu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittoor district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Praja Rajyam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]

Tibetan Refugee Self-Help Centre

2026-04-07T06:17:39Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2012}}

[[File:Tibetan Refugee Self Help Darjeeling.jpg|thumb|Tibetan Refugee Self Help Centre]]

'''Tibetan Refugee Self-Help Centre''' in [[Darjeeling]], [[India]], is a rehabilitation centre for [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] refugees in the [[Darjeeling Himalayan hill region]]. It was established on 2 October 1959, following the Dalai Lama's escape from Tibet.<ref>[http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00001d.htm Darjeeling Tourism]</ref> The production of Tibetan handicrafts is the centre's main activity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00001d.htm|title=Tibetan Refugee Self Help Center|date=2012-03-05|access-date=2017-11-08|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305112102/http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00001d.htm|archive-date=5 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Location==

It is located on the hillside of Lebong in the Darjeeling District of [[West Bengal]]. The altitude is approximately {{convert|2143|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} above sea level. The temperature variation ranges from 17°-1.5 °C, accompanied by an annual rainfall of {{cvt|3200|mm|adj=on}}.

== History==
[[File:Darjeeling tibetself-help centre digs.jpg|thumb|The Hill Top Shop in Darjeeling, India.]]
Situated in Lebong and locally known as [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|Hermitage]], the Tibetan Refugee Self-Help Centre (TRSHC) came into existence on 2 October 1959. In 1959, funds raised from a local charity led to the establishment of this centre by Zhu Dan (wife of [[Gyalo Thondup]]). The place initially provided emergency relief to Tibetan refugees who had trekked through the hazardous [[Himalayas]] into [[India]]. The Hillside had special significance for [[Tibetans]] because the [[Thirteenth Dalai Lama]] had spent his exile in India from 1910 to 1912 following the Chinese invasion of Tibet at that time.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131106023523/http://www.nls.ac.in/csseip/Files/Organizing_for_exile_SelfHelp_among.pdf "Organizing for Exile! 'Self-Help' among Tibetan Refugees in an Indian Town"] by Sudeep Basu</ref><blockquote>"It was within this view that a ten-member committee was formed in Darjeeling to organise a rehabilitation centre to be known as the TIBETAN REFUGEE SELF-HELP CENTRE. The founding members of the committee were: Mrs. Gyalo Thondup, President, Mr. T. Lawang, Mr. G. Tesur, [[Tenzing Norgay|Mr. Tenzing Norgay]], Mr & Mrs. Joksari, Mr. T. Tethong, Monsignor Benjamin, Mr. Chumbay Tsering and Miss Tesur. Later, we had the pleasure of welcoming the following new members into the committee: Mrs. Laden-la, Col. & Mrs. Thapa and Mr. Dilip Bose."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trshc.blogspot.com/2007_06_01_archive.html|title=Tibetan Refugee Self Help Center Darjeeling: June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831122433/http://trshc.blogspot.com/2007_06_01_archive.html|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2017-11-08|quote="It was within this view that a ten member committee was formed in Darjeeling to organise a rehabilitation centre to be known at the TIBETAN REFUGEE SELF HELP CENTRE. The founding members of the committee were: Mrs. Gyalo Thondup, President, Mr. T. Lawang, Mr. G. Tesur, Mr. Tenzing Norgay, Mr, & Mrs. Joksari, Mr. T. Tethong, Monsignor Benjamin, Mr. Chumbay Tsering and Miss Tesur. Later we had the pleasure of welcoming the following new members into the committee: Mrs. Laden-la, Col. & Mrs. Thapa and Mr. Dilip Bose."|df=dmy-all}}</ref> </blockquote>The centre was registered as a charitable organization under the Government of India Act. Starting with just four workers, today the centre is home to 130 [[Tibetan people|Tibetan families]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u6kKcgAACAAJ Tibetan Refugee self-help centre: Darjeeling : A Report]</ref> The centre has been involved in a range of multifaceted activities, which include handicrafts and the training of artisans and craftsmen. These activities primarily focus on caring for the sick, the elderly, and the needy destitute.<ref>A brief story on Tibetan Refugee Self-Help Handicraft Center, Darjeeling [http://ctrc.tibet.net/settlements/india/north-east/darjeeling.html]</ref> The centre now comprises one crèche, one nursery school, and a pre-primary school (up to +2 standard).

* Started on 1 October 1959
* Production of handicrafts is the centre's main activity
*In June 1960, the Centre started a small Nursery School

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{official website|http://www.tibetancentredarjeeling.com/}}
*[http://www.darjeelingnews.net/tibetan_refugee_center.html Darjeelingnews.net]
*[https://trshc.blogspot.com/2007/06/facts-about-tibetan-refugee-self-help.html Facts about Tibetan-Refugee Self-Help]

{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Tibetan people]]
[[Category:Refugees in India]]
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]]

W. K. Tucker

2026-03-31T15:56:54Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added some details w/ sources

{{citation style|date=March 2026}}
'''W. K. Tucker''' (born about 1875, died 15 May 1934, in [[Nairobi]]), otherwise William King-Tucker, known as Colonel W. K. Tucker. He served in various branches of the Indian Army mainly in the Supply and Transport Corps. His official honours and gazetted dates included C.B.E. (Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]]), awarded 3 June 1919 in the King’s Birthday Honours for valuable services rendered in India in connection with the [[World War I]]. In the 1920s, following his retirement from the Indian Army, he moved to [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], where he became a prominent political figure and a member of the [[Legislative Council of Kenya]] (LegCo).

Aside from his administrative and later political contributions, Tucker is known for his archaeological excavations in [[Sulur]] (a town and taluk in the [[Coimbatore]] district). These focused on Megalithic burial sites (often called 'graves' in older records) in Sulur. The materials were gifted to the [[British Museum]] by Tucker's wife, Constance Mary Tucker in 1935 after her husband's demise.<ref>The Tucker material in the British Museum is in the 1935,0419 series, see https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/. Constance Mary Tucker died in [[Bath, Somerset]] in 1951 and is not to be confused with the earlier [[Charlotte Maria Tucker]].</ref>
[[File:Small finds from Sulur.jpg|thumb|Sulur (Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu). Selection of small finds from [[Sulur]] excavated by Col. W. K. Tucker, now in the [[British Museum]]]]
Horace C. Beck analysed the materials excavated by Tucker.<ref>H. C. Beck, "Notes on Sundry Asiatic Beads," ''Man'' 30 (Oct. 1930), pp. 166-82 (No. 134), online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2790463</ref> His study provided a detailed analysis of the beads, and the Eran-type punch-marked coin found by Tucker in the Sulur graves help point to an early date for the sites. The pottery analysis includes the first formal descriptions of the 'graffiti' or symbols found on the pottery that Tucker unearthed. The pottery has drawn the particular attention of Iravatham Mahadevan. He uses the Sulur pottery and other graffiti as critical evidence for the 'Deep Dravidian' roots of the Indus script.<ref>I. Mahadevan, "The Indus-like Symbols on Megalithic Pottery: New evidence," ''Studia Orientalia'' 94 (2001), pp. 379-386. https://journal.fi/store/article/view/43982, with online versions available on different platforms. Also see Mahadevan, ''Early Tamil Epigraphy From The Earliest Times To The Sixth Century A. D.'' (Chennai, 2003), online at: https://archive.org/details/iravatham-mahadevan-early-tamil-epigraphy-from-the-earliest-times-to-the-sixth-century-a.-d./mode/2up.</ref>

Tucker's work is sometimes cited in general surveys of South Indian prehistory, such as ''The Megalithic Culture in South India'' by B. K. Gururaja Rao and ''The Iron Age in South India'' by K. Rajan.<ref>B. K. Gururaja Rao, Megalithic Culture in South India (Prasaranga, University of Mysore, 1972); K. Rajan, ''Archaeological Gazetteer of Tamil Nadu'' (Thanjavur: Manoo Pathipakam, 1997).</ref> Rajan in particular describes Tucker as a pioneer and credits him with some of the earliest recorded observations of the Noyyal River Valley sites that modern archaeology has confirmed to be one of the most densely populated Iron Age regions in the world.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:William King-Tucker}}
[[Category:British India]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Indian Army]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Archaeology]]
[[Category:History of Kenya]]
[[Category:1870s births]]

Sumalatha

2026-03-21T19:20:59Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: enhance citations based on references also and updated info based on references

{{short description|Indian actress and politician (born 1963)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2024–present)
| other_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2019–2024)
| name = Sumalatha
| image = Sumalatha (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sumalatha in 2019
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
| term_start = 23 May 2019
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[L. R. Shivarame Gowda]]
| successor = [[H.D.Kumaraswamy]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|8|27|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliament of India biodata |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5180 |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]] (present-day Chennai, Tamil Nadu), [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|politician}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ambareesh]]|1991|2018|end=died}}
| children = [[Abhishek Gowda]]
}}
'''Sumalatha Ambareesh''' (born 27 August 1963) is an Indian actress and politician. She has acted in over 220 films across multiple languages, primarily in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Kannada]], with a few appearances in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] cinema. She received the [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]] for [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for her role in ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'' (1987).

Sumalatha is the widow of Kannada actor-politician [[Ambareesh]], with whom she has a son, [[Abhishek Ambareesh]]. In March 2019, she announced her candidacy for the [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]] Lok Sabha seat in [[Karnataka]]. Contesting as an independent, she won the election, defeating [[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]] by a margin of over 1.25 [[lakh]] votes.<ref>{{cite news |year=2019 |title=Sumalatha Ambareesh |url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/karnataka/sumalatha-mandya-candidate-s10p20c01/ |access-date=8 October 2020 |publisher=news18.com}}</ref>
[[File:0I5B1233.jpg|thumb|Sumalatha Received Honorary Doctorate from United Technological Research University of America]]

==Career==
[[File:Sumalatha.jpg|thumb|right|Sumalatha during [[60th Filmfare Awards South]] in 2013]]
Sumalatha did her schooling at St. Joseph's Convent School, Brodipet, [[Guntur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sumalatha Ambareesh(Independent(IND)):Constituency- MANDYA(KARNATAKA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=7742 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> She began acting at age 15, after winning an Andhra Pradesh [[beauty contest]] in 1979. After her pictures began circulating in the magazines, film producer [[D. Ramanaidu]] expressed interest in casting her in his film and offered her a signing amount of {{INR}}1,001 in 1979.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shivakumar |first1=S. |title=On the road of flowers |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/on-the-road-of-flowers/article7036978.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=23 April 2017 |date=27 March 2015}}</ref> However, she made her film debut in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with ''[[Thisai Maariya Paravaigal]]'' (1979). She was named the Best New Face following the film.

She entered the Telugu film industry with ''Samajaniki Saval'' (1979). She made her Kannada debut with ''Ravichandra'' (1980) opposite [[Dr. Rajkumar]] her Malayalam debut with ''Moorkhan'' (1980). She was [[Rajinikanth]]'s heroine along with [[Rati Agnihotri]] in films like ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' and ''[[Kazhugu (1981 film)|Kazhugu]]''. She was the heroine of legendary Malayalam actor [[Jayan]]'s last film ''[[Kolilakkam]]'' (1981).

Sumalatha reportedly speaks six languages, and has acted in five appearing in many [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]] films and a few in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]]. Her most memorable Malayalam films include ''[[Thazhvaram]]'', ''[[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]'', ''[[Nirakkoottu]]'', ''[[Dhinarathrangal]]'', ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'', ''[[Parampara (1990 film)|Parampara]]'' and ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nostalgia |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=14763455&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816015706/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=14763455&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |archive-date=Aug 16, 2013 |language=ml |date=Aug 14, 2013}}</ref> Her popular Kannada movies include ''[[Aahuti (1985 film)|Aahuti]]'', [[Avatara Purusha (1989 film)|''Avatara Purusha'']], ''[[New Delhi (1988 Kannada film)|New Delhi]],'' ''Taayi Kanasu'', ''Karna'', ''Hong Kongnalli Agent Amar,'' ''Taayiya Hone'' and ''Kallarali Hoovagii.''

She received the best actress Nandi Award for her role in ''[[Shrutilayalu]]'' in 1987.

She is a close friend of actress [[Suhasini Maniratnam]]. The friendship between the two provided the material for a candid scene in the film, when director Kodandarami Reddy noticed Suhasini combing Sumalatha's long hair on a train journey to the film set. Reddy had asked his cameraman, Ashok Reddy, to film the two and added the scene to the movie's final cut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fortunecity.com/lavendar/birds/39/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 April 2008 |archive-date=1 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801192539/http://www.fortunecity.com/lavendar/birds/39/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:The Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting Shri M. H. Ambareesh and his wife Smt. Sumalatha calls on the Union Minister for Information & Broadcasting and Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Priyaranjan Dasmunsi.jpg|thumb|left|Sumalatha with husband [[Ambareesh]]]]
Sumalatha married [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] actor and politician [[Ambareesh]] on 8 December 1991 and their son Abhishek Gowda was born in the year 1993.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} She starred alongside Ambareesh{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} in movies like ''[[Aahuti (1985 film)|Aahuti]]'', ''[[Avatara Purusha (1989 film)|Avatara Purusha]]'', ''[[Kallarali Hoovagi]]'', ''[[New Delhi (1988 Kannada film)|New Delhi]]'' and ''[[Sri Manjunatha (film)|Sri Manjunatha]]. [[Kallarali Hoovagi]]'' went on to win a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]].

In an interview with [[TV9 Kannada]], the couple revealed that they first met each other on the sets of the movie ''[[Aahuti (1985 film)|Aahuti]]''. In the course of the interview, Sumalatha expressed that Ambareesh was [[extraversion and introversion|extroverted]] and gregarious in nature where as she leaned more towards an [[introverted]] and [[Conscientiousness|conscientious]] personality on the sets. She shared memories of Ambareesh giving her friendly advice to mingle with other co-stars on set by involving herself in group activities; else it could lead to misunderstandings. She revealed that it was Ambareesh's bold, and carefree personality that made him memorable and attractive to her.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62TkNXk8Loo&p=63A3F7071FFD1B8C&index=16 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/62TkNXk8Loo |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Rebel-Star ಅಂಬರೀಶ್Sumalatha ,PRAMAPALLAVI |date=11 August 2009 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumalatha.tripod.com/personal.htm|title=personal|website=sumalatha.tripod.com}}</ref>

On 24 November 2018 Ambareesh died due to a cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kannada-actor-former-union-minister-ambareesh-dies-in-bengaluru-hospital/articleshow/66789564.cms |title=Ambareesh death: Kannada actor, former Union minister Ambareesh died in Bengaluru hospital |date=25 November 2018 |first=Anil |last=Gejji |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Sumalatha shared an emotional letter addressed to late Ambareesh on 8 December 2018, their 27th wedding anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/sumaambareesh/posts/10156900187869266 |title=Sumalatha Amarnath |via=Facebook |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}} On 6 July 2020, it was reported that Sumalatha tested positive for [[COVID-19]] and had placed herself in home quarantine.

==Political life==
In March 2019, Sumalatha announced that she would be contesting as an independent candidate in the [[2019 Indian general election in Karnataka]] ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Mandya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mandya-sumalatha-to-contest-as-independent-candidate-723819.html |title=Sumalatha to contest Mandya LS polls as an independent |date=18 March 2019 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> She was backed by big stars from the [[Kannada film industry]] like [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Yash (actor)|Yash]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]], [[Doddanna]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/its-official-sumalatha-to-contest-as-independent-from-mandya/article26572594.ece |title=It's official. Sumalatha to contest as Independent from Mandya |date=18 March 2019 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 March 2020 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] decided not to field a candidate in [[Mandya]] in efforts to support her. Some of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] workers supported her indirectly due to the history of traditional rivalry between JDS - Congress rivalry in [[Mandya]] which was a tricky situation for congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Ambareesh's Wife Sumalatha Gets BJP Backing In Karnataka's Mandya |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-actor-ambareeshs-wife-sumalatha-gets-bjp-backing-in-karnatakas-mandya-2011866 |access-date=18 May 2019 |work=NDTV.com |date=23 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> She won, defeating Nikhil with a margin of 128,876 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/karnataka-lok-sabha-election-results-kumaraswamys-son-nikhil-loses-in-mandya/articleshow/69469766.cms |title=Karnataka Lok Sabha Election Results: Kumaraswamy's son Nikhil loses in Mandya |date=23 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> She is the first Independent woman [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]] from [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yasmeen |first=Afshan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/two-women-from-state-heading-to-lok-sabha-this-time/article27243939.ece |title=Two women from State heading to Lok Sabha this time |date=25 May 2019 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 March 2020 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Sumalatha joined BJP ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha Elections on 5 April 2024 in the presence of Former Chief Ministers [[B S Yediyurappa]] & [[D V Sadananda Gowda]], State President B Y Vijayendra, Leader of Opposition in the state Assembly R Ashoka, national General Secretary in-charge of elections in Karnataka Radha Mohan Das Agarwal.<ref name="Karnataka Independent MP Sumalatha Ambareesh Joins BJP Ahead Of Polls">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |title=Karnataka Independent MP Sumalatha Ambareesh Joins BJP Ahead Of Polls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/karnataka-independent-mp-sumalatha-ambareesh-joins-bjp-ahead-of-polls-5379410 |access-date=5 April 2024 |work= |date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405190420/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/karnataka-independent-mp-sumalatha-ambareesh-joins-bjp-ahead-of-polls-5379410 |archive-date=5 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="Mandya MP Sumalatha Ambareesh joins BJP in Karnataka">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |title=Mandya MP Sumalatha Ambareesh joins BJP in Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mandya-mp-sumalatha-ambareesh-joins-bjp-in-karnataka/article68032224.ece |access-date=5 April 2024 |date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405190935/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mandya-mp-sumalatha-ambareesh-joins-bjp-in-karnataka/article68032224.ece |archive-date=5 April 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Devar's Best New Face Award: ''Thisai Maariya Paravaigal'' (1979) (Tamil)
* Special Jury Nandi award (Best Actress): ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'' (1987) (Telugu)
* Film Fans Award for Best Actress: ''Sruthilayalu'' (1987) (Telugu)
* Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Actress: ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]'' and ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' (1987) (Malayalam)
* Lux Award for Best Actress: ''New Delhi'' (1987) (Malayalam)
* Film Fans Award for Best Actress: ''New Delhi'' (1987) (Hindi)
* Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Actress: ''[[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]'' (1988) (Malayalam)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumalatha.tripod.com/biodata.html|title=Biodata|website=sumalatha.tripod.com}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate by the United Technological Research University of America in Hyderabad (2024).<ref name="ఘనంగా డాక్టరేట్స్ ప్రదానం.. మీడియా పార్టనర్ గా ‘రాష్ట్ర’">{{cite news |last1=Raashtra |date=20 January 2024 |title=ఘనంగా డాక్టరేట్స్ ప్రదానం.. మీడియా పార్టనర్ గా 'రాష్ట్ర' |url=https://raashtra.com/nmkoi-honorary-doctorate-awards-2024/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121120541/https://raashtra.com/nmkoi-honorary-doctorate-awards-2024/ |archivedate=21 January 2024 |accessdate=21 January 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Telugu===
{{Div col}}
* ''[[Karunamayudu]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Samajaniki Saval]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Rajadhi Raju]]'' (1980) as Lilly
* Bhola Shankarudu (1980)
* Kalam Marindi
* ''[[Girija Kalyanam]]'' (1981) as Rosy
* ''[[Agni Poolu (film)|Agni Poolu]]'' (1981)
* ''Jeevitha Ratham'' (1981) as Sandhya
* ''[[Pelleedu Pillalu]]'' (1982) as Poorna
* ''[[Subhalekha]]'' (1982) as Sujata
* Hima Bindu (1982)
* Savaal (1982)
* ''[[Aalaya Sikharam]]'' (1983) as Radha
* ''[[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]]'' (1983) as Dr. Sujata
* Raghu Ramudu (1983)
* Rangula Puli (1983)
* ''Bharya Bhartala Saval'' (1983)
* ''Bahudoorapu Batasari'' (1983)
* ''[[Amarajeevi (1983 film)|Amarajeevi (1983)]]''
* ''[[Merupu Daadi]]'' (1984) as Sivangi
* ''[[Justice Chakravarthy]]'' (1984) as Latha
* ''[[Janani Janmabhoomi]]'' (1984) as Pammy/Padmini
* ''[[Agni Gundam]]'' (1984)
* Kai Raja Kai (1984)
* ''Jagan'' (1984)
*''Bhola Shankarudu'' (1984)
*''Pulijoodam'' (1984)
*''Uddhandudu'' (1984)
* ''[[Nayakulaku Saval]]'' (1984) as Lalitha
* ''[[Pralaya Simham]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRALAYA SIMHAM (1984) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b75b34688 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114025321/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b75b34688 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> (1984) as Aruna
* ''[[Jackie (1985 film)|Jackie]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Chattamtho Poratam]]'' (1985) as Kalyani
* ''[[Kattula Kondayya]]'' (1985) as Jyothi
* ''[[Ranarangam (1985 film)|Ranarangam]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Intiko Rudramma]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=M7CS6DeiqF8 |title=Intiko Rudramma Full Movie {{!}} Bhanuchander,Sumalatha,Ranganath,Sharada,Sujatha,Giribabu {{!}} ETV Cinema |date=2024-09-09 |last=ETV Cinema |access-date=2024-09-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/intiko-rudramma-am413699/cast-crew |title=Intiko Rudramma (1985) - S.A. Chandrashekhar {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} AllMovie |language=en |access-date=2024-09-13 |via=www.allmovie.com}}</ref> (1985) as Ganga
* ''Mugguru Mitrulu'' (1985)
* ''Srimathi Garu'' (1985)
*''Illalu Vardhillu'' (1985)
* ''[[Veta (1986 film)|Veta]]'' (1986) as Jyothirmayi
* ''[[Tandra Paparayudu (film)|Tandra Paparayudu]]'' (1986) as Subhadra
* ''[[Rakshasudu (1986 film)|Rakshasudu]]'' (1986) as Vani
* Jeevana Ragam (1986)
* Iddaru Mithrulu (1986)
* Jailu Pakshi (1986)
* Nampalli Nagu (1986)
*''Ashtalakshmi Vaibhavam'' (1986)
* ''[[Thandri Kodukula Challenge]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sruthi Layalu]]'' (1987) as Sita
* ''[[Pasivadi Pranam]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Swayam Krushi]]'' (1987) as Sharada
* ''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]'' (1987)
* ''Punnami Chandrudu'' (1987)
* Raaga Leela (1987)
* ''[[Donga Kollu]]'' (1988) as Neeraja
* ''[[Antima Teerpu (1988 film)|Antima Teerpu]]'' (1988) as Vasanta
* Donga Pelli (1988)
* ''[[Jamadagni (film)|Jamadagni]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa (1989 film)|Jayammu Nischayammu Raa]]'' as Shanti
* ''[[Guru Sishyulu (1990 film)|Guru Sishyulu]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Gang Leader]]'' (1991) as Latha
* ''[[Dabbu Bhale Jabbu]]'' (1992) as Hema
* ''[[Raja Kumarudu]]'' (1999) as Rajya Lakshmi
*''[[Okkadu Chalu]]'' (2000) as Lakshmi
*''[[Sri Manjunatha (film)|Sri Manjunatha]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Boss (2006 film)|Boss]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Srirastu Subhamastu]]'' (2016)
{{Div col end}}

=== Malayalam ===
{{Div col}}
* ''[[Naayika]]'' (2011) as herself (Archive footage/Uncredited cameo)
* ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'' (2010) as Sumangaly
* ''[[Purappadu (1990 film)|Purappadu]]'' (1990) as Nalini
* ''[[Parampara (1990 film)|Parampara]]'' (1990) as Meera
* ''[[Ee Thanutha Veluppan Kalathu]]'' (1990) as Lakshmi Haridas
* ''[[No.20 Madras Mail]]'' (1990) as Sr. Gloria
* ''[[Thazhvaram]]'' (1990) as Kochootti
* ''[[Nair Saab]]'' (1989) as Prabha
* ''[[Unnikrishnante Adyathe Christmas]]'' (1988) as Sophia
* ''[[Dhinarathrangal]]'' (1988) as Dr. Savithri
* ''[[David David Mr. David]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]'' (1988) as Isabella
* ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]'' (1987) as Maria Fernandez
* ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' (1987) as Clara
* ''[[Shyama (film)|Shyama]]'' (1986) as Lakshmi
* ''[[Nirakkoottu]]'' (1985) as Mercy
* ''[[Idavelakku Shesham]]'' (1984) as Sindhu
* ''[[Alakadalinakkare]]'' (1984) as Mohan's wife
* ''[[Himam]]'' (1983) as Indu
* ''[[Chakravalam Chuvannappol]]'' (1983) as Latha
* ''[[Kodunkattu]]'' (1983) as Sreekala
* ''[[Kilukilukkam]]'' (1982)
* ''[[John Jaffer Janardhanan (1982 film)|John Jaffer Janardhanan]]'' (1982) as Jeny
* ''[[Thadaakam]]'' (1982) as Sabira
* ''[[Kazhumaram]]'' (1982) as Radhika
* ''[[Aarambham]]'' (1982) as Santha
* ''[[Dheera]]'' (1982) as Rathi
* ''[[Irattimadhuram]]'' (1982) as Sangeetha
* ''[[Aranjaanam]]'' (1982) as Anu
* ''[[Aadharsam|Aadarsham]]'' (1982) as Radha
* ''[[Thenum Vayambum]]'' (1981) as Sreedevi
* ''Ithihasam'' (1981) as Shobha
* ''[[Munnettam]]'' (1981) as Ramani
* ''[[Kolilakkam]]'' (1981) as Suma
* ''[[Raktham]]'' (1981) as Valsala
* ''[[Kadathu]]'' (1981) as ThulasiKilungaatha Changalakal
* ''[[Saahasam (1981 film)|Saahasam]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Ellam Ninakku Vendi]]'' (1981) as Sreedevi
* ''[[Kilungaatha Changalakal]]'' (1981) as Latha
* ''[[Nizhal Yudham]]'' (1981) as Radha
* ''[[Moorkhan (film)|Moorkhan]]'' (1980) as Raji
* ''Vilangum Veenayum''
{{Div col end}}

===Kannada===
{{Div col}}
* ''[[Ravichandra]]'' (1980)...Sheela
* ''[[Thayiya Kanasu]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Aahuti (1985 film)|Aahuti]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Thayiya Hone]]'' (1985)...Suma
* ''[[Thayi Mamathe]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Karna (1986 film)|Karna]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Kathanayaka]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Sathya Jyothi]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Huli Hebbuli]]'' (1987)...Dr. Priya
* ''[[Thayigobba Karna]]'' (1988)
* ''[[New Delhi (1988 Kannada film)|New Delhi]]'' (1988)...Vasantha
* ''[[Hongkongnalli Agent Amar]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Nyayakkagi Naanu]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Raja Yuvaraja]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Maheshwara (film)|Maheshwara]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Kaliyuga Bheema]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Sri Manjunatha (film)|Sri Manjunatha]]'' (2001)...Sumalatha Devi
* ''[[Paris Pranaya]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Excuse Me (2003 film)|Excuse Me]]'' (2003)...Parvati
* ''[[Kanchana Ganga (2004 film)|Kanchana Ganga]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Kallarali Hoovagi]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Bhoopathi (2007 film)|Bhoopathi]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Ee Sambhashane]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Varadhanayaka]]'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/varadanayaka-khakhi-power/articleshow/21240339.cms|title=Varadanayaka: Khakhi Power|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>
* ''[[Viraat (film)|Viraat]]'' (2016)...Viraat's mother
* ''[[Bhale Jodi (2016 film)|Bhale Jodi]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Jessie (film)|Jessie]]'' (2016)...Jessie's mother
* ''[[Doddmane Hudga]]'' (2016)...Doddamane Rajeeva's wife
* ''[[Thayige Thakka Maga (2018 film)|Thayige Thakka Maga]]'' (2018)...Parvathi
* ''[[D/O Parvathamma]]'' (2019)...Parvathamma
* ''[[India vs England]]'' (2020)...Janaki
* ''[[Hope (2022 film)|Hope]]'' (2022)...Sulakshana Amarnath
* ''[[Kranti (2023 film)|Kranti]] '' (2023)...[[Chief Minister]]
{{Div col end}}

===Tamil===
{{Div col}}
* ''[[Thisai Maariya Paravaigal]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' (1980) as Soundarya
* ''[[Madhavi Vandhal]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Azhaithal Varuven]]'' (1980) as Rani
* ''[[Kazhugu (1981 film)|Kazhugu]]'' (1981) as Suma
* ''[[Karaiyellam Shenbagapoo]]'' (1981) as Snegalatha
* ''[[Pen Manam Pesugirathu]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Aradhanai]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Enakkaga Kaathiru]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Sollathe Yarum Kettaal]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' (1981) as Uma
* ''[[Theerpu]]'' (1982) as Kalpana
* ''[[Azhagiya Kanne]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Oru Varisu Uruvagiradhu]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Oru Odai Nadhiyagirathu]]'' (1983)

{{Div col end}}

===Hindi===
* ''[[New Delhi (1988 Hindi film)|New Delhi]]'' (1988) as Maria Fernandes
* ''[[Pratibandh]]'' (1990) as Naseem
* ''[[Swarg Yahan Narak Yahan]]'' (1991) as Suman V. Kumar
* ''[[Aaj Ka Goonda Raj]]'' (1992) as Ritu Saxena
* ''[[Pardesi (1993 film)|Pardesi]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Dushman Duniya Ka]]'' (1996) as Reshma
* ''[[Mahaanta]]'' (1997) as Shanti Malhotra
* ''[[Kshatriya (film)|Kshatriya]]'' (1993) as Suman, Maharaja Prithvi Singh's wife (Surjangarh)

{{commons category}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{iMDb name|id=0838517}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Actress}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]

Abid Ali (actor)

2026-03-18T14:19:40Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: expanded section for clarity

{{Short description|Pakistani actor, director, and producer (1952–2019)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abid Ali
| image = Cropped_Photo_of_Abid_Ali.jpg
| caption =
| native_name = عابد علی
| birth_name = Abid Ali
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|3|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Quetta]], Pakistan
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|9|5|1952|3|29|df=yes}}<ref name="khaleejtimes">[https://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/pakistan/veteran-pakistani-actor-abid-ali-passes-away Veteran Pakistani actor Abid Ali passes away] Khaleej Times (newspaper), Published 5 September 2019, Retrieved 20 November 2020</ref>
| death_place = [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| other_names =
| occupation = {{flatlist|
*Actor
*Director
*Producer
}}
| years_active = 1973–2019
| known_for = ''[[Waris (serial)|Waris]]''
| notable_works =
| awards = [[Pride of Performance]] Award by the [[President of Pakistan]] in 1986
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Humaira Ali]]|1976|2006|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Rabia Noreen]]|2006|}}
}}
| parents =
| relatives = [[Iman Ali]] (daughter) [[Rahma Ali]] (daughter) Maryam Ali (daughter)
}}
'''Abid Ali''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|عابد علی}}}}; 29 March 1952 – 5 September 2019)<ref name="khaleejtimes"/> was a [[Pakistani]] [[actor]], [[Television director|director]] and [[Television producer|producer]].

Ali acted in over 200 films<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alavi |first=Omair |date=15 September 2019 |title=IN MEMORIAM: THE MAN WHO SPOKE WITH HIS EYES |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1504619 |website=[[Dawn News]]}}</ref> and numerous television dramas, but is best known for his role as Dilawar Khan in the 1979 [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] classic drama ''[[Waris (drama)|Waris]]''.<ref name="Tribune" />

==Early and personal life==
Born and educated in [[Quetta]], Abid Ali was attracted to the arts from an early age, writing stories and painting in his childhood and teenage years.<ref name="Tribune" />

Abid Ali was married twice. From his first marriage to actress and singer [[Humaira Ali]] (née Chaudhry),<ref name="BR">Khushbakht Shahid (21 April 2018), [https://www.brecorder.com/2018/04/21/413357/pakistani-mother-daughter-celebrities-who-were-too-good-to-be-ignored/ "Pakistani mother-daughter celebrities who were too good to be ignored"] ''The Business Recorder'' (newspaper), Retrieved 3 June 2019.</ref> he had three daughters, including the supermodel-turned-actress [[Iman Ali]] as well as the actress and singer [[Rahma Ali]].<ref>Mehek Saeed (7 March 2015) [https://tribune.com.pk/story/849500/1-rahma-alis-gaari-moving-forward-halke-halke/ "Rahma Ali’s gaari moving forward halke halke"] ''The Express Tribune'' (newspaper), Retrieved 3 June 2019.</ref><ref name="BR" />

== Career ==

=== Radio and acting ===
He first joined [[Radio Pakistan]] in Quetta before going to [[Lahore]] after some struggle and launched a successful TV career with PTV's drama serial ''Jhok Sial'' in 1973.<ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |last=Qamar |first=Saadia |date=22 December 2011 |title=Tete-a-tete with Abid Ali |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/310447/tete-a-tete-with-abid-ali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225100940/https://tribune.com.pk/story/310447/tete-a-tete-with-abid-ali |archive-date=25 February 2025 |access-date= |website=[[The Express Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Direction and production ===
He debuted as a director and producer with the 1993 hit drama ''[[Dasht (TV series)|Dasht]]'', which was the first private production for a television company ([[Network Television Marketing|NTM]]) in Pakistan, while the same year, for [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] this time, he directed the drama ''Doosra Aasman'', the first Pakistani drama shot abroad ([[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]). This was followed by other projects for many channels, including ''Saheli'' in 2007, and ''Massi aur Malka'', a family drama, in 2009, Abid Ali usually also acted in the serials he directed or produced.

== Illness and death ==
Abid Ali was hospitalized on 2 September 2019 at [[Liaquat National Hospital]] in [[Karachi]].<ref name="The News">{{cite news |title=Veteran actor Abid Ali hospitalized over severe health condition |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/521058 |work=The News International |date=September 2, 2019}}</ref> He died on 5 September 2019 due to liver failure while in the hospital, aged 67.<ref name="khaleejtimes"/> He was laid to rest on 6 September 2019 after his funeral prayers were held at Masjid-e-Aashiq in [[Bahria Town Karachi|Bahria Town, Karachi]].<ref name=Samaa>{{cite news |title=Acting legend Abid Ali laid to rest in Karachi |url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/09/acting-legend-abid-ali-laid-to-rest-in-karachi/ |website=Samaa TV News website|date=6 September 2019 |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |title=Eminent actor Abid Ali laid to rest |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1503961/ |newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date=7 September 2019|access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>
==Selected filmography==
===Films===
{|class="wikitable table"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 1979
| [[Khaak Aur Khoon (film)|''Khaak aur Khoon'']]
|
|-
| 1983
| ''Gumnam''
|
|-
| 1985
| ''Awaaz''
|
|-
| 1988
|[[Roti (1988 film)|''Roti'']]
|
|-
|1989
|[[Sarfarosh (1989 film)|''Sarfarosh'']]
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1990
| ''Nageena''
|
|-

| ''[[Insaniyat Kay Dushman]]<ref name="Tribune" />''
| Nawab Sahab
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1991
| ''[[Kalay Chor]]<ref name="Tribune" />''
| Aashiq Shah
|-

| ''[[Watan Kay Rakhwalay]]''
| Jankia
|-

| [[Cobra (1991 film)|''Cobra'']]
| Inspector Khan
|-
| 1992
| ''Fateh''
|
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Sher Punjab Da]]''
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Jungle Ka Qanoon]]''
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Moosa Khan]]''
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Mr. Bhatti On Chutti]]''
| Inspector Javed Khan
|-
| 2019
|''[[Heer Maan Ja]]<ref name="The News" />''
|
|-
|}

===Television serials===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!!Title!!Role
!Director
!Producer
!Screenwriter!!Channel !!{{Tooltip|Ref(s).|References)}}
|-
|1973 ||''[[Jhok Sial]]'' ||
|
|
|
| rowspan="9" | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]]
|<ref name="khaleejtimes"/><ref name=TNI/>
|-
|1979–80 ||''[[Waris (serial)|Waris]]'' || Dilawar Khan
|
|
|
|<ref name=Tribune/><ref name="khaleejtimes"/><ref name=TNI/>
|-
|1983 ||''[[Samundar (TV series)|Samundar]]'' ||Ahmad Kamal alias Iftikhar and Zaman
|
|
|
|
|-
|1984 ||''[[Ana (1984 TV series)|Aan]]'' ||
|
|
|
|
|-
|1985 ||''[[Apnay Log]]'' || Murad
|
|
|
|
|-
|1986 ||''Waqt''||
|
|
|
|
|-
|1986 || ''[[Hazaron Raaste]]'' || Murad Khan
|
|
|
|
|-
|1989 ||''[[Pyas]]''|| Qadir Khan
|
|
|
|
|-
|1989||''Khwahish''||
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1991||''Dooriyan''||
|
|
| || rowspan="2" |[[Network Television Marketing|NTM]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993||''[[Dasht (TV series)|Dasht]]''|| Shah Shams
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|<ref name=TNI/><ref name="Sep01">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010924200027fw_/http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2001-weekly/tview-18-09-2001/index.html#2|title=In the line of duty...|date=18 September 2001|author=Sumeha Malik|archive-date=24 September 2001|work=The News International|url-status=dead|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2001-weekly/tview-18-09-2001/index.html#2}}</ref>
|-
|''Doosra Aasman''
|Seth Hashim Ali
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[PTV Home|PTV]]
|
|-
|2000
|''Hawa Pe Raqs''
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|<ref name="Sep01"/>
|-
|2003 ||''[[Mehndi (drama)|Mehndi]]''|| Ali Hassan
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004 ||''Patal''||
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Saiban Sheeshay Ka''
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|-
||''[[Moorat]]''||Eunuch Reshma
|
|
| ||[[ARY Digital]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005 ||''Naseeb''||
|
|
| || rowspan="2" |[[PTV Home|PTV]]
|
|-
||''Matti''||
|
|
|
|
|-
||''Mar Jayen Hum Tau Kiya''||
|
|
| ||[[ATV (Pakistan)]]
|
|-
|2006 ||''Burns Road Ki Neelofar''||
|
|
| ||[[ARY Digital]]
|
|-
|2007
|''Saheli''
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|PTV
|
|-
|2009
|''Massi Aur Malka''
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|Geo TV
|
|-
|2012
|''Do Naina''
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|Express Entertainment
|
|-
|2013 ||''[[Bunty I Love You]]''|| Patel
|
|
| ||[[Hum TV]]
|<ref name="TNI">{{cite news |title=Legendary actor Abid Ali is no more |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/523214-legendary-actor-abid-ali-is-no-more |newspaper=The News International (newspaper)}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014 ||''[[Rukhsati (Geo TV)|Rukhsati]]''||
|
|
| ||[[Jang Media Group|Geo TV]]
|
|-
|''[[Khan Sahib]]''||
|
|
| ||Indus Vision
|
|-
|''Riwaaj''
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|Urdu 1
|
|-
|''Khanabadosh''
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|TV One
|
|-
|2015 ||''[[Diyar-e-Dil]]''||Bakhtiar Ahmed Khan “Agha Jaan”
|
|
| || rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]]
|<ref name="TNI" />
|-
| 2016||''[[Kuch Na Kaho (2016 TV series)|Kuch Naa Kaho]]''|| Sohail
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017 ||''[[Naagin (Geo Kahani)|Naagin]] ''|| Professor Abdul Quddus
|
|
| ||[[Geo Kahani]]
|
|-
||''[[Pinjra (2017 TV series)|Pinjra]]''||
|
|
| ||[[A-Plus TV]]
|
|-
||''Jaltay Gulab''||
|
|
| || rowspan="2" |TV One
|
|-
||''Dastar e Ana''||
|
|
|
|
|-
||''[[Daldal]]''|| Saqib
|
|
| ||[[Hum TV]]
|
|-
||''[[Dil-e-Nadaan (TV Series)|Dil e Nadaan]]''||
|
|
| ||[[Express Entertainment|Express TV]]
|
|-
||''[[Gustakh Ishq]]''||
|
|
| ||[[Urdu1]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018 ||''[[Tajdeed e Wafa]]''||
|
|
| || rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]]
|
|-
||''[[Aangan (2018 TV series)|Aangan]]''|| Muzaffar |
|
|
|
|<ref name="TNI" />
|-
||''[[Dilara (TV series)|Dilara]]''|| Nawab Salahuddin
|
|
| ||[[BOL Entertainment|BOL]]
|
|-
||''[[Seerat]]''||
|
|
| || rowspan="4" |[[Jang Media Group|Geo TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019 ||''[[Dil Kiya Karay]]''||Raza
|
|
|
|<ref name="TNI" />
|-
||''[[Mera Rab Waris]]''||Zaheer
|
|
|
|<ref name="TNI" />
|-
||''[[Ramz-e-Ishq]]''||
|
|
|
|<ref name="TNI" />
|-
||''Mera Qasoor'' ||
|
|
| || [[ARY Digital]]
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
*In 1986 he was awarded [[Nigar Awards|Nigar Award]] for Best Actor for drama ''[[Hazaron Raaste]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=نگار ایوارڈز برائے سال 1986 |journal=[[Nigar (magazine)| Nigar Weekly]] |date=2000 |volume=Golden Jubilee Number |page=297 |language=ur}}</ref>
*[[Pride of Performance]] Award by the [[President of Pakistan]] in 1986.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=Samaa/>
{|class="wikitable style"
!Year
!Ceremony
!Category
!Project
!Result
|-
|2004
| [[3rd Lux Style Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rewaj.pk/lux-style-awards-for-the-year-2004/|title=LUX Style Awards for the year 2004|first=Athar|last=Khan}}</ref>
| Best TV Actor
| '''''[[Mehndi]]'''''
| rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
|2005
| [[4th Lux Style Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/239961/lux-style-awards-a-trip-down-memory-lane/|date=August 26, 2011|title=Lux Style Awards: A trip down memory lane}}</ref>
| Best TV Actor (Satellite)
| '''''[[Moorat]]'''''
|-
|2016
| [[4th Hum Awards]]
| [[Hum Award for Best Impactful Character|Most Impactful Character]]
| '''''[[Diyar-e-Dil]]'''''
| {{won}}
|}
== See also ==
* [[List of Lollywood actors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1267551|Abid Ali}}

{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
{{NigarAwardBestSupportingActor}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Abid}}
[[Category:Pakistani male film actors]]
[[Category:Pakistani male television actors]]
[[Category:Pakistani television directors]]
[[Category:People from Quetta]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Nigar Award winners]]
[[Category:Hum Award winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]
[[Category:Pakistani actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Urdu cinema]]

University College, Thiruvananthapuram

2026-03-14T20:27:29Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added first article initial version

{{Short description|Public college in Palayam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Coord|8|30|07|N|76|56|55|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox university
|name = University College, Thiruvananthapuram
|native_name =
|image_name = University College , Trivandrum.jpg
|image_size =
|motto =
|mottoeng =
|established = {{Start date and age|1866}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://universitycollege.ac.in/?page_id=2226 | title=History of College – University College, Thiruvananthapuram }}</ref>
|founder = [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathy Thirunal Rama Varma III]]
|former_names = {{Unbulleted_list|The Raja's Free School {{small|(1834–1866)}}|H.H. The Maharaja's College {{small|(1866–1924)}}|H.H. The Maharaja's College of Science {{small|(1924–1942)}}}}
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|endowment =
|principal = Santhoshkumar K. R.
|administrative_staff = 278
|alumni =
|provost =
|students = 3164
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|mascot =
|nickname =
|affiliations = [[University of Kerala]]
|website = {{URL|universitycollege.ac.in}}
|logo =
}}
'''University College, Thiruvananthapuram''' ('''UCT''') is a [[public college]] situated in [[Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram]], India. Established in 1866, it is one of the oldest colleges in [[Kerala]]. The college has been accorded "College with Potential for Excellence" (CPE) status by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].

University College is identified as a heritage institution by the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref name="ucol">{{Cite web | url=http://universitycollege.ac.in/ | title=Home {{!}} University College, Thiruvananthapuram | website=universitycollege.ac.in}}</ref> Alumni of the college includes luminaries such as the former [[President of India]], [[K. R. Narayanan]], numerous cabinet secretaries, ambassadors, civil servants, IT doyens, teachers, poets, writers, artists, politicians and the like.<ref name="ucol"/>

==Academics==
===Faculties===

'''Language faculties'''
* Faculty of English
* Faculty of Malayalam
* Faculty of Hindi
* Faculty of Arabic
* Faculty of Sanskrit
* Faculty of Tamil
* Faculty of French

'''Humanities faculties'''
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of History
* Faculty of Political Science
* Faculty of Islamic History
* Faculty of Philosophy

'''Science faculties'''
* Faculty of Chemistry
* Faculty of Biochemistry
* Faculty of Mathematics
* Faculty of Physics
* Faculty of Geology
* Faculty of Geography
* Faculty of Botany
* Faculty of Zoology
* Faculty of Statistics
* Faculty of Psychology

'''Other faculties'''
* Faculty of Physical Education

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
|type=College
|NIRF_C_2022=24}}
It is ranked 22nd among colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
University College Thiruvananthapuram has produced luminaries that include a former president of India, two former chief ministers of Kerala, cabinet secretaries, ambassadors, civil servants, IT doyens, teachers, poets, writers, artists and politicians.
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* [[Abu Abraham]], cartoonist
* [[A. A. Rahim (politician, born 1980)|A. A. Rahim]], Member Of Parliament Rajya Sabha
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]], Malayalam Actor
* [[Alexander Thomas (Judge)|Alexander Thomas]], former judge of [[Kerala High Court]]<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://hckerala.gov.in/judges.php|title=Official|via=Official website High Court of Kerala|access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Anna Chandy]], first woman judge in India; first woman in India to become a high court judge
* [[A. R. Raja Raja Varma]], poet, grammatician, professor
* [[Ayyappa Paniker]], [[poet]] and [[critic]]
* [[Balabhaskar]], Malayalam music director and Violinist
* [[Balachandra Menon]], national award-winning Indian film actor, director, and script writer & lawyer
* [[Bharath Gopi]], Indian film actor, director, and producer
* [[Bheeman Raghu]], actor
* [[C. K. Chandrappan]] Parliamentarian and former Kerala state secretary of CPI party
* [[C. V. Raman Pillai]], [[playwright]] and [[novelist]]
* [[E. D. Jemmis]], Bhatnagar award winner and former director of IISER-TVM
* [[Fathima Beevi]] first woman judge of Supreme Court of India
* [[George Joseph (scientist)|George Joseph]]
* [[G. Madhavan Nair]], former chairman of ISRO
* [[Gopinath Kartha]], Indian crystallographer who determined the structure of [[ribonuclease]]
* [[G. R. Anil]], Minister for Civil Supplies & Legal Metrology, Government of Kerala
* [[G. Venugopal]], Malayalam playback singer, composer
* [[Jacob Punnoose]], former director general of police, Kerala
* [[Jassie Gift]], Indian playback singer
* [[J C Daniel]], "father of Malayalam cinema"
* [[J. Alexander (politician)]], former chief secretary and cabinet minister, [[Karnataka State]]
* [[Karamana Janardanan Nair]], Malayalam actor
* [[Kesari Balakrishna Pillai]]
* [[K.M. Chandy (politician)|K.M. Chandy]] - former governor ([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|MP]], [[List of governors of Gujarat|Gujarat]] & [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry|Pondicherry]])
* [[K. T. Chacko]], former directorate general of foreign trade
* [[Kodiyeri Balakrishnan]], former secretary of CPI(M) Kerala state, former minister of home affairs State of Kerala
* [[K. R. Narayanan]], former president of India.
* [[Kris Gopalakrishnan]], CEO of Infosys
* [[K. Shankar Pillai]], cartoonist and Padma Bhushan recipient
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], film actor
* [[Mahesh Narayanan|Mahesh Narayan]], Malayalam film director and editor
* [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]], IAS officer, author, cartoonist
* [[Mary Poonen Lukose]], obstetrician, gynaecologist, first female surgeon general of India
* [[M. Krishnan Nair (author)|M. Krishnan Nair]], writer, literary critic, and orator
* [[M. K. Sanu]], professor, orator, critic, biographer
* [[Mohan Sivanand]], former editor-in-chief, ''Reader's Digest India'', painter
* [[M. M. Jacob]], former governor of Arunachal Pradhesh
* [[M.S.Swaminathan]], "father of [[Green Revolution]]" in India
* [[Nitya Chaitanya Yati]], philosopher, psychologist, and poet
* [[O. N. V Kurup]], poet, lyricist, professor and Jnanpith award winner
* [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]], former chief minister of Kerala
* [[P. C. Alexander]], civil servant, administrator
* [[P. Gopinathan Nair]], Gandhian and [[Padma Shri]] recipient
* [[P. K. Iyengar]], Indian nuclear physicist
* [[P. Padmarajan]], Indian author, screenwriter, and film director
* [[P. Parameswaran]], Padma Vibhushan awardee, president of Vivekananda Kendra
* [[Prasanth Reghuvamsom]], Senior Journalist, Asianet News
* [[Priyadarshan]], national award-winning Indian film director, script writer, and producer
* [[Raja Ravi Varma]], world-famous [[Painting|painter]]
* [[Raman Viswanathan]], chest physician and [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee
* [[R. Sankar]], former chief minister of Kerala
* [[Sabumon Abdusamad]], Malayalam actor and television anchor
* [[Sethunathasarma Krishnaswami]], geochemist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
* [[Shaji N. Karun]], national award-winning Indian film director and cinematographer
* [[S. Guptan Nair]], Malayalam writer, critic, scholar, and orator
* [[S. Suresh Babu]], atmospheric scientist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref name="Biographical Information - Suresh Babu">{{Cite web |url=http://spl.gov.in/biodata/ARFI-SSB.pdf |title=Biographical Information – Suresh Babu |date=9 November 2017 |website=Space Physics Laboratory |access-date=2017-11-09}}</ref>
* [[Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai]], mathematician
* [[Sudheer Karamana]], Malayalam film actor and artist
* [[Sugathakumari]], poet and environmentalist
* [[Sukumaran]], Malayalam film actor, producer
* [[S. Venkitaramanan]], former governor of Reserve Bank of India
* [[Thanu Padmanabhan]], Indian theoretical physicist
* [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]], Malayalam director'
* [[Krishnan Rajeshwar]], Chemist, researcher and academic
* [[Tony Mathew]], Orator, Writer
* [[T. P. Sreenivasan]], Indian diplomat, former IFS officer
* [[Venu Nagavally]], Malayalam director, actor, screenwriter
* [[V. Madhusoodanan Nair]], professor, poet
{{Div col end}}

==Notable principals==
* John Ross M.A. 1866–1884
* Robert Harvey M.A., L.L.D. 1884–1890
* H. N. Read M.A. 1890–1892 (acting)
* Dr [[Alexander Crichton Mitchell]] D.Sc., F.R.S.E 1892–1909
* A.W. Bishop PhD 1909–1915
* L.C. Hodson M.A. 1912–1915
* [[A. R. Raja Raja Varma]] Kovil Thampuran MA 1915–1916, 1918
* Dr. J. Stephenson, BSc, A.R.D.S.C. 1916–1927
* James Pryde, M.A., BSc 1927–1930

== Controversy ==
On 3 May 2019, a first-year [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] [[Chemistry]] student [[Suicide attempt|attempted suicide]] on campus, alleging harassment from [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]] leaders for not taking part in their programmes and disruption of classes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Girl who attempted suicide in University College to move out of college|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/girl-who-attempted-suicide-in-university-college-to-move-out-of-college--1.3794900|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Mathrubhumi|date=14 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University College student's suicide attempt: Minister KT Jaleel seeks report|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/may/04/university-college-students-suicide-attempt-minister-kt-jaleel-seeks-report-1972644.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=The New Indian Express|date=4 May 2019 }}</ref>

On 12 July 2019, a final-year [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] [[political science]] student was stabbed amid a dispute between two groups of students belonging to the SFI, following which two SFI leaders were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Jul 16, 2019|title=SFI kingpins in stabbing of University College student case held {{!}} Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/sfi-kingpins-in-stabbing-of-university-college-student-case-held/articleshow/70237785.cms|access-date=2020-11-04|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/violence-erupts-in-university-college-campus-in-thiruvananthapuram-student-stabbed-1567997-2019-07-12|title=Violence erupts in University college campus in Thiruvananthapuram; student stabbed - India News|website=India Today|date=2019-07-12|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-07-12|title=Thiruvananthapuram University College on the boil as student is stabbed on campus|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/student-stabbed-on-college-campus/article28415827.ece|access-date=2020-11-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Later in the day, answer sheets and the official seal of an [[assistant professor]] were recovered while clearing the SFI office on campus, raising questions on the credibility of examinations conducted by the university. The police also found fake seals and university answer sheets from the residence of a prime accused.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stabbing case suspects in rank list: Kerala PSC orders probe|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/jul/16/stabbing-case-suspects-in-rank-list-kerala-psc-orders-probe-2004451.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=The New Indian Express|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref><ref name="indiatoday2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/kerala-governor-summons-university-college-vc-psc-chairman-1571628-2019-07-20|title=Kerala Governor summons University College VC, PSC chairman - Education Today News|website=India Today|date=2019-07-20|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Campus Violence in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.universitycollege.ac.in/ University College Thiruvananthapuram, Official website]
* [http://www.keralauniversity.edu/utycolge.htm University College Thiruvananthapuram, webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527094741/http://www.keralauniversity.edu/utycolge.htm |date=27 May 2010 }} at [[University of Kerala]]

==See also==
{{Thiruvananthapuram}}

{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram| ]]
[[Category:Colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Arts and Science colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:1834 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1834]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to the University of Kerala]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]

Jhund (film)

2026-03-13T17:30:52Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: added references

{{Short description|2022 Indian film by Nagraj Manjule}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jhund
| image = Jhund_Film_Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nagraj Manjule]]
| writer = [[Nagraj Manjule]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bhushan Kumar]]
* [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
* [[Sandip Singh]]
* Raaj Hiremath
* Savita Raj Hiremath
* Nagraj Manjule
* Gargee Kulkarni
* Meenu Arora}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|Ankush Gedam|[[Akash Thosar]]|
[[Rinku Rajguru]]}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Ajay–Atul]] '''Score:''' Saket Kanetkar
| cinematography = [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
| editing = [[Kutub Inamdar]] Vaibhav Dabhade
| studio = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] Tandav Films Entertainment Pvt.Ltd Aatpaat Films Cloud 9 Pictures
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2022|03|04|ref1=<ref name="release date" />}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 176 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jhund-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdayotq1 |title=Jhund |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
| budget = {{INR|22}} crore<ref>{{cite news |first=Nayandeep |last=Rakshit |date=30 April 2018 |title=Jhund to begin with a renewed budget plan |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-jhund-to-begin-with-a-renewed-budget-plan-2609921 |publisher=[[Zee Media Corporation|Dna India]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|15.16}} crore<ref name="BH"/>
}}

'''''Jhund''''' ({{translation|''Herd, unorganised group''}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi]]-[[Hindi|language]] [[biographical film|biographical]] [[sports film]] based on the life of [[Vijay Barse]], the founder of [[Non-governmental Organization|NGO]] Slum Soccer. It is produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], [[Sandip Singh]], Raaj Hiremath, Savita Hiremath, [[Nagraj Manjule]], Gargee Kulkarni and Meenu Arora under the banner of [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], Tandav Films Entertainment Pvt.Ltd and Aatpat Films. The filming began in December 2018 in [[Nagpur]].<ref name=":a"/> The film starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Akash Thosar]], [[Rinku Rajguru]] and Ankush Gedam, is written and directed by Nagraj Manjule.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/article/sairat-fame-rinku-rajguru-and-akash-thosar-will-seen-again-in-nagraj-manjule-jhund/347690 |title=Nagraj Manjule's Bollywood directorial debut Jhund: Rinku Rajguru, Akash Thosar set to reunite after Sairat |date=16 January 2019 |work=Times Now |language=en-GB |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref>

The film was released in theatres on 4 March 2022. It was a flop at the box office.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhund/box-office/ | title=Jhund Box Office Collection | India | Day Wise | Box Office - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|March 2026|date=March 2026}}
Based on the life of [[Vijay Barse]], the film is about a sports teacher, who, on the edge of retirement, makes a [[association football|football]] team of children from a slum area, and how it changes their lives.

== Cast ==
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Vijay Borade
* Ankush Gedam as Ankush Masram/Don
* [[Akash Thosar]] as Sambhya
* [[Rinku Rajguru]] as Monica
* Sayli Patil as Bhavana
* [[Somnath Awghade]] as Imran
* Rajiya Suhel as Rajiya
* Angel Anthony as Angel
* Karthik Uikey as Kartik
* Priyanshu Thakur as Babu Chitre
* Jaspreet Singh Randhawa as Aman
* [[Tanaji Galgunde]] as Saajan
* [[Arbaz Shaikh|Arbaj Shaikh]] as Raju
* Kiran Thoke as OK
* [[Chhaya Kadam]] as Ranjana Borade, Vijay Borade's Wife
* [[Arjun Radhakrishnan]] as Arjun Borade, Vijay's son
* [[Nagraj Manjule]] as Hitler Bhai
* [[Kishor Kadam]] as College Football Team Coach
* [[Bharat Ganeshpure]] as Local MLA
* Ramdas Phutane as Principal
* [[Vitthal Kale]] as "Scorer"

== Production ==
The filming of ''Jhund'' began in December 2018 at [[Nagpur]]. The story of the film is based on the life of [[Vijay Barse]], founder of Slum Soccers. Bachchan plays a professor who motivates the [[street children]] to form a football team.<ref name=":a">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-shoots-for-jhund-in-nagpur/articleshow/66936249.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426043441/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-shoots-for-jhund-in-nagpur/articleshow/66936249.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2019 |title=Amitabh Bachchan shoots for 'Jhund' in Nagpur |website=The Times of India |date=5 December 2018 |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhund/cast/ |title=Jhund Cast List | Jhund Movie Star Cast |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=19 March 2021}}</ref>
This is Akash, Rinku, and Nagraj's second collaboration after their 2016 Marathi film [[Sairat]]. The film was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] on 31 August 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/amitabh-bachchan-wraps-up-jhund-119090100127_1.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan wraps up 'Jhund' |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=1 September 2019 |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was scheduled for release on 20 September 2019, the date was tweeted by film critic and trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1097731459043909632?s=19 |title=Release date finalised... #Jhund, starring Amitabh Bachchan and directed by #Sairat director Nagraj Manjule, to release on 20 Sept 2019... Produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar, Raaj Hiremath, Savita Raj Hiremath and Nagraj Manjule.pic.twitter.com/iPMaIyT8Z9 |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=18 February 2019 |website=@taran_adarsh |language=en |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2024}} It was later postponed to 13 December 2019.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} On 21 January 2020, the film release date was announced to be 8 May 2020.<ref name="reld">{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-amitabh-bachchan-calls-his-team-of-rehabilitated-football-players-sheron-ka-jhund-in-first-teaser-of-nagraj-manjules-film-7934701.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan calls his team of rehabilitated football players 'sheron ka jhund' in first teaser of Nagraj Manjule's film |website=Firstpost |date=21 January 2020 |access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> The film was further postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karan-johar-clarifies-on-whether-bollywood-films-will-be-released-on-ott-platforms-or-not-2823561 |title=Karan Johar clarifies on whether Bollywood films will be released on OTT platforms or not |date=4 May 2020 |work=DNA India |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="eastern">{{cite news |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/movies-that-were-supposed-to-release-in-may-but-wont-hit-the-screens-due-to-lockdown/ |title=Movies that were supposed to release in May, but won't hit the screens due to lockdown |work=EasternEye |date=4 May 2020 |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> In October 2020, the film's released was put on hold while filmmakers work to resolve copyright issues in the courts.<ref>{{cite news |title=SC refuses to lift stay on release of Amitabh Bachchan starrer Jhund |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sc-refuses-to-lift-stay-on-release-of-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-jhund-7056413/ |access-date=27 December 2020 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The film was released on 4 March 2022.<ref name="release date">{{cite web |date=2 February 2022 |title=Amitabh Bachchan starrer Jhund to release on March 4, 2022 in cinemas |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-jhund-release-march-4-2022-cinemas/ |access-date=2 February 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/SrBachchan/status/1488731416167063553 |via=Twitter |title=T 4178 - Iss toli se muqaabla karne ke liye raho taiyaar! Humari team aa rahi hai ⚽🥅 #Jhund releasing on 4th Mar 2022 in cinemas near you. |access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2024}}

=== Home media ===
The film became available for streaming on [[ZEE5]] on 6 May 2022, However 26 June 2022 World TV has been released and it has been acquired by Sony Max .<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2022 |title=Amitabh Bachchan-led Jhund to have its digital premiere on ZEE5 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-led-jhund-to-have-its-digital-premiere-on-zee5-7880172/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jhund
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ajay–Atul]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 19 February 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jhund/DbRDBBSP2bc_ |title=Jhund – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=19 February 2022 |publisher=Jiosaavn |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:58
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Tanhaji]]
| prev_year = 2020
| year = 2022
| next_title = [[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|bcrSTjziiNo|Jhund - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Ajay–Atul]] with lyrics written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] and Ajay–Atul (noted).<ref name="jiosaavn"/>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 14:58
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aaya Ye Jhund Hai
| note1 = Lyrics by Ajay–Atul
| extra1 = [[Ajay–Atul]], Jay, Mallhar, Sarja
| length1 = 3:18
| title2 = Lafda Zhala
| extra2 = [[Ajay Gogavale]]
| length2 = 3:55
| title3 = Laat Maar
| extra3 = [[Sid Sriram]], Sourabh Abhyankar
| length3 = 3:45
| title4 = Baadal Se Dosti
| extra4 = Sid Sriram
| length4 = 4:00
}}

==Box office==
''Jhund'' is estimated to have collected a total of {{INR|14.76 crore}} by the end of the third week in India.<ref name="BH">{{cite web |title=Jhund Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/jhund/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> In the end, the film stopped running with a collection of ₹29.6 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhund Box Office Collection till Now {{!}} Box Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhund/box-office/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film received highly positive reviews from critics praising the performance of ensemble cast, first half, humour, social message and visuals while the pacing in latter half was criticized.<ref name="Zee5">{{cite web |title=Jhund Review: Here's What Critics Have to Say About Amitabh Bachchan's Sports Film |url=https://www.zee5.com/articles/jhund-review-heres-what-critics-have-to-say-about-amitabh-bachchans-sports-film |website=[[Zee5]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="DH">{{cite news |title='Jhund' day 1 box office collection: Amitabh Bachchan-starrer opens to a decent response |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/jhund-day-1-box-office-collection-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-opens-to-a-decent-response-1088195.html |date=5 March 2022 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|81|6.6|16|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhund {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jhund |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave the film a rating of 4.5/5 and wrote, "It upends the Bollywood sports biopic template and uses the game of football and an altered narrative form to craft an incisive and deeply felt commentary on the reality of the systemic oppression."<ref>{{cite news |first=Saibal |last=Chatterjee |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund Review: Amitabh Bachchan Stars In Underdog Sports Movie That Is Way More Than That |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jhund-review-amitabh-bachchan-stars-in-underdog-sports-movie-that-is-way-more-than-that-2800983/amp/1 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Revathi Krishnan of ''[[The Print]]'' gave the film a rating of 4.5/5 and wrote, "Everyone should watch Jhund and question inner prejudices, what is talent, 'merit' and access. It evokes laughter and makes you cry as well."<ref>{{cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Revathi |date=2 March 2022 |title=Ambedkar, Bachchan, caste, sport — Nagraj Manjule's 'Jhund' says a lot by saying nothing at all |url=https://www.theprint.in/features/reel-take/ambedkar-bachchan-caste-sport-nagraj-manjules-jhund-says-a-lot-by-saying-nothing-at-all/854602/%3famp |work=[[The Print]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Taran Adarsh of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film a rating of 4/5 and wrote, "With writing, direction and performance being its major strengths, JHUND makes for a superb entertainer."<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: JHUND is a superb social entertainer, with writing, direction, and performances being its core strengths. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhund/critic-review/jhund-movie-review/jhund-is-a-superb-social-entertainer-with-writing-direction-and-performances-being-its-core-strengths/ |date=2 March 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> [[Stutee Ghosh]] of ''[[The Quint]]'' gave the film a rating of 4/5 and wrote, "Jhund is special for its determined eagerness to not please and to not treat Bachchan as the star. The veteran actor radiates warmth and a deep sense of humanity, making no concessions to commercial filmmaking."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Stutee |date=3 March 2022 |title=Review: Amitabh Bachchan's 'Jhund' Is Not a Regular Underdog Story |url=https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/movie-reviews/jhund-amitabh-bachchan-full-movie-review-nagraj-manjule-director-vijay-barse-slum-soccer |work=[[The Quint]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Sanjana Jadhav of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave the film a rating of 4/5 and wrote, "The film keeps you invested in this team's journey through its heartbreaking climax, Manjule's social commentary, great acting and tugs right at your heart with its emotions."<ref>{{cite web |last=Jadhav |first=Sanjana |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund Review: Nagraj Manjule dishes out a near perfect finish with Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/jhund-review-nagraj-manjule-dishes-out-near-perfect-finish-amitabh-bachchan-1035887 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303100719/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/jhund-review-nagraj-manjule-dishes-out-near-perfect-finish-amitabh-bachchan-1035887 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Rachana Dubey of ''[[The Times Of India]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, " There is a smattering of some colourful characters in the first half which adds to the energy and even includes humour.The pre-interval is high on energy but the pace slackens in the latter half."<ref>{{cite web |last=Dubey |first=Rachana |date=1 March 2022 |title=Jhund Movie Review: A sports film that tells you a lot about the game of life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jhund/amp_movie_review/89930991.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Tushar Joshi of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, "Jhund is a rock-solid effort by director Nagraj Manjule, with Amitabh Bachchan towering over it all."<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund Movie Review: Amitabh Bachchan and team score the perfect goal in Nagraj Manjule's underdog drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/jhund-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-and-team-score-the-perfect-goal-in-nagraj-manjule-s-underdogs-drama-1919680-2022-03-02 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Roktim Rajpal of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, "Jhund has no scope for commercial elements like item songs and romance. The makers, fortunately, don't force these aspects into the narrative."<ref>{{cite web |title='Jhund' movie review: Brilliant Amitabh Bachchan headlines engaging sports drama |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/entertainment/jhund-movie-review-brilliant-amitabh-bachchan-headlines-engaging-sports-drama-1087876.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, "Hands in pocket, eyes firmly focused on his mission, conviction inks his speech while his serene, sensitive, portrayal has a calming effect on the kids and Jhund."<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund Review |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/jhund-review/20220303.htm |website=[[Rediff]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Shantanu Ray Chaudhuri of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote, "One of the pleasures of the film is its unconventional structure – a heady, almost wilfully haphazard first half, followed by a leisurely paced and painstakingly detailed second one."<ref>{{cite web |title=Jhund review: Nagraj Popatrao Manjule serves up a narrative that sears and soars |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/entertainment/jhund-review-nagraj-popatrao-manjule-serves-up-a-narrative-that-sears-and-soars |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote, "On the whole, the movie is worth watching as Amitabh Bachchan aka Vijay delivered his best and trains the slum boys with all his dedication!"<ref>{{cite web |title=Jhund Review: It Is All Amitabh Bachchan's Mark Sports Drama |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/movie-reviews/jhund-review-it-is-all-amitabh-bachchans-mark-sports-drama-78697 |website=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> Mayank Shekhar of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' gave the film a rating of 3/5.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jhund Movie Review: Empathy's the ultimate goal! |url=https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/amitabh-bachchan-jhund-movie-review-empathy-the-ultimate-goal-23216860 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[Indian Express]]'' gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote, "This Nagraj Manjule film can never quite make up its mind whether it wants to treat Amitabh Bachchan's Borade as a hero, or focus the spotlight on the hardscrabble lives of the slum kids."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund movie review: Amitabh Bachchan-starrer is an overlong meander |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jhund-movie-review-nagraj-manjule-amitabh-bachchan-7797070/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote, "Jhund, despite its grand ambitions and good intentions, it fails to click as a cohesive, gripping whole."<ref>{{cite news |first=Anna MM |last=Vetticad |date=2 March 2022 |title=Jhund movie review: A Bachchan-struck Nagraj Manjule cutesyfies poor Dalits for a Bollywood palate |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jhund-movie-review-a-bachchan-struck-nagraj-manjule-cutesyfies-poor-dalits-for-a-bollywood-palate-10422271.html/amp |website=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>

In the trailer of the movie Jhund, there is a photo frame of [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar]] which is being discussed on [[social media]]. Along with [[B. R. Ambedkar]], [[Shivaji Maharaj]], [[Shahu Maharaj]] and [[Mahatma Phule]] are also in this frame.<ref name="BBC News मराठी">{{Cite news |title=नागराज मंजुळेंच्या झुंड चित्रपटाची कथा कशावर आधारित आहे, माहितीये? |language=mr |work=BBC News मराठी |url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-60543610 |access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=Jhund director Nagraj Manjule: 'We need to talk about caste, so that it eventually ends' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/need-dialogue-about-caste-so-that-it-eventually-ends-nagraj-manjule-7799008/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=Ambedkar, Bachchan, caste, sport — Nagraj Manjule's 'Jhund' says a lot by saying nothing at all |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/ambedkar-bachchan-caste-sport-nagraj-manjules-jhund-says-a-lot-by-saying-nothing-at-all/854602/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Director [[Nagraj Manjule]] said in an interview about the Jhund, "The Jhund is the story of a group which is far from easy opportunities. It's a group that is on the path to success or far from where the opportunity arises. It's a group that is self-defeating, and that's the thing about it."<ref name="BBC News मराठी"/><ref name="indianexpress.com"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt8983228}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/jhund/0-0-1z5133622/ Jhund] on [[ZEE5]]
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhund/ Jhund] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Indian sports films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Films about child labour]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films about discrimination]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films based on Marathi people]]
[[Category:Films set in slums]]

Shashi Bhushan

2026-03-01T06:14:16Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Content refined for better accuracy

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Shashi Bhushan
| image = The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Bhushan to a veteran freedom fighter, Shri Shashi Bhushan, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Bhushan to Shri Shashi Bhushan, in 2006.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|11|11}}
| birth_place = [[Gwalior#Lashkar|Lashkar]], Madhya Pradesh, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2011|09|30|1924|11|11}}
| death_place = New Delhi, India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Freedom activist politician Social worker
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|shashibhushansansadff.in|Website}}
| signature =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}
'''Shashi Bhushan''' (1924–2011) was an [[Indian independence activist]], social worker, politician, writer and an institution builder.<ref name="Political career">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamart.com/shri-shashi-bhushan/services.html | title=Political career | publisher=Shashi Bhushan Sansad | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> He was the founder of several organisations such as Rashtriya Ekta Samiti, All India Freedom Fighters' Organisation,<ref name="All India Freedom Fighters’ Organisation">{{cite web | url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/documents/academic/upa_cis/2810_IndianPamSubContPt5.pdf | title=All India Freedom Fighters' Organisation | publisher=Lexis Nexis | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016 | pages=6}}</ref> Punjab Ekta Samiti and the Institute for Socialist Education, and represented [[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]] (Madhya Pradesh) ( 1967- 1971) and South Delhi constituency in the [[5th Lok Sabha]] (1971–1977).<ref name="Shashi Bhushan, Former MP No More">{{cite web | url=http://indiawires.com/2192/news/national/shashi-bhushan-former-mp-no-more/ | title=Shashi Bhushan, Former MP No More | publisher=India Wires | date=30 September 2011 | access-date=13 June 2016 | archive-date=6 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806164311/http://indiawires.com/2192/news/national/shashi-bhushan-former-mp-no-more/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="About Shri Shashi Bhushan">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamart.com/shri-shashi-bhushan/aboutus.html | title=About Shri Shashi Bhushan | publisher=India Mart | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Born on 11 November 1924 at [[Gwalior#Lashkar|Lashkar]] of the Indian princely state of [[Gwalior]], now in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]). Shashi Bhushan was involved in the Indian freedom struggle and participated in the [[Quit India movement]].<ref name="Biography">{{cite web | url=http://shashibhushansansadff.in/biography.htm | title=Biography | publisher=Shashi Bhushan Sansad | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016 | archive-date=24 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324035035/http://shashibhushansansadff.in/biography.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Political career ==
After the Indian independence, he continued his association with the [[Indian National Congress]] and contested in the [[1971 Indian general election|Indian general elections of 1971]], winning from [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi constituency]] against [[Balraj Madhok]], the then president of [[Jan Sangh]].<ref name="Former MP Shashi Bhushan Dead - Outlook India">{{cite web | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/former-mp-shashi-bhushan-dead/736749 | title=Former MP Shashi Bhushan Dead – Outlook India | publisher=Outlook India | date=30 September 2011 | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> He was the author ''Feroze Gandhi: A Political Biography'',<ref name="Feroze Gandhi: A Political Biography">{{cite web | url=http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/bhushan-1977-feroze-gandhi-political.html | title=Feroze Gandhi: A Political Biography | publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> the only known work about the life of the politician-journalist husband of [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Feroze Gandhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XP37QveRKL4C&pg=PP2|year=2008|publisher=Frank Bros. & Co.|isbn=978-81-8409-494-7|pages=2–}}</ref> He has been [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] from [[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] from 1967-1971 and [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]] in [[5th Lok Sabha]].

== Awards and Honour ==
The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2006, for his contributions to public affairs.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The Institute for Social Education, an institution he founded in 1970, was awarded the ''National Communal Harmony Award'' by the President of India in 2007.<ref name="National Communal Harmony Award">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/ComHarmAwd_0.pdf | title=National Communal Harmony Award | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=13 June 2016 | archive-date=8 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008090446/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/ComHarmAwd_0.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
He died on 30 September 2011, at the age of 86, succumbing to age-related illnesses, survived by his wife, son and daughter.<ref name="Former MP Shashi Bhushan dead - ReDiff">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/former-mp-shashi-bhushan-dead/20110930.htm | title=Former MP Shashi Bhushan dead – ReDiff | publisher=ReDiff News | date=30 September 2011 | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Haridas Mundhra]]
* [[Feroze Gandhi]]
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book | url=http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/bhushan-1977-feroze-gandhi-political.html | title=Feroze Gandhi: A Political Biography | publisher=Progressive People's Sector Publications | author=Shashi Bhushan | year=1977 | pages=220}}

{{authority control}}

{{Aam Aadmi Party|Ex-members=Shashi Bhushan}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–2009|2006=Shashi Bhushan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhushan, Shashi}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior district]]
[[Category:Writers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Social workers from Madhya Pradesh]]

Travancore National and Quilon Bank

2026-02-28T11:50:02Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added the article w/ infobox

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Travancore National and Quilon Bank
| logo = Travancore National and quilon bank.jpg
| type = [[Private sector]]
| industry = [[Banking]], [[Insurance]], [[Capital Markets]] and allied industries
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1937|04|01|df=yes|br=yes}} as The Travancore National and Quilon Bank
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|[[K. C. Mammen Mappillai]]|[[C. P. Mathen]]}}
| defunct = {{End date|df=yes|1938|03|31}}
| fate = Defunct
| location_city =
| location_country = [[India]]
| locations = [[Madras Presidency]]
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|K. C. Mammen Mappillai|C. P. Mathen|M. O. Thomas Vakkel Modisseril}}
| products = [[Deposit (finance)|Deposits]], [[Personal banking|Personal Banking Schemes]], C & I Banking Schemes, Agri Banking Schemes, [[Small and medium enterprises|SME Banking Schemes]]
| production =
| services = Banking, Trade Finance
| owner =
| num_employees =
}}

The '''Travancore National and Quilon Bank''', often abbreviated as '''TN&Q Bank''', was a [[bank]] which came to being in 1937 in the princely [[Kingdom of Travancore]] in modern day India as a result of merger of two well known banks of the time, Travancore National Bank and Quilon Bank.<ref name="bloombergquint">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/yes-bank-crisis-rbis-trysts-with-large-private-bank-failures|website=bloombergquint.com|title=Yes Bank Crisis: RBI's Trysts With Large Private Bank Failures|date=8 March 2020 |access-date=27 June 2021}}</ref> The bank was closed down in 1938.

== History ==

=== Founding ===

The Travancore National and Quilon Bank was the result of a 1937 merger between Travancore National Bank (founded: 1912) and Quilon Bank (founded: 1919).<ref name="bloombergquint"/> The merger resulted in TNQB becoming the 4th largest bank in India.<ref name="bloombergquint"/><ref name="livemint">{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/gmfJYUl0okdSIkurydcYOM/The-rise-and-fall-of-TNQ-bank.html|website=livemint.com|title=The rise and fall of TNQ bank|access-date=27 June 2021}}</ref>

=== Management ===
The bank was owned and managed by two prominent Christian families of Kerala, Chalakuzhy family and Kandathil family with origin from Thiruvalla.

The bank had also managed to become the fourth largest bank in India, after the [[Imperial Bank of India]], the [[Central Bank of India]] and the [[Bank of India]].<ref name="livemint" />

=== Final Years ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}

The Travancore National and Quilon Bank was a successful bank in all aspects. But its unrelenting support to the Indian National Congress (INC) in the struggle for independence resulted in its downfall. The Dewan(Prime Minister)of Travancore,[[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer|Sir C.P Ramaswamy Iyer]] got irked because its founders were supporting the Indian National Congress instead of the Ruler of the Kingdom Of Travancore. So, he devised a plan to close down the bank. His plan was successful, and the two founders of the bank, [[K. C. Mammen Mappillai]] and [[Chalakuzhy Paulose Mathen]] were both falsely implicated and imprisoned by the Dewan, C.P Ramaswamy Iyer and his accomplices.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

===Aftermath===
The bank was closed down after being accused of financial irregularities. But because this was not the truth, the founders were able to repay its investors before closing down permanently in 1939. The banks founders were released from imprisonment without any charges against them being proven.

=== Historical interpretation ===
The collapse of the Travancore National and Quilon Bank remains a subject of historical and cultural interest in Kerala. While the official reason for its 1938 closure was financial irregularity, the event is frequently analyzed through the lens of the political tension between the bank’s management and the Dewan of Travancore, Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer.

In recent years, the personal records of the founders’ families have been used to provide alternative perspectives on this period. The Kochi-Muziris Biennale (2024–2026) featured a collateral exhibition titled ‘Lilies in the Garden of Tomorrow’ by artist Sarah Chandy, which examined the bank's history through the private correspondence and diaries of Eliamma Matthen, wife of co-founder C.P. Matthen. The installation focused on the domestic impact of the bank's liquidation and the subsequent imprisonment of its directors. Furthermore, the TNQ Foundation now operates as a contemporary entity that supports various cultural and educational initiatives, maintaining a link to the institution's historical identity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharrock |first=Lee |date=2025-12-28 |title=‘Lilies in the Garden of Tomorrow’: Sarah Chandy Brings a Story of Female Resistance to Kochi-Muziris Biennale |url=https://culturalee.art/lilies-in-the-garden-of-tomorrow-sarah-chandy-brings-a-story-of-female-resistance-to-kochi-muziris-biennale/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Culturalee |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Indian banking]]
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[List of oldest banks in India]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[List of largest banks]]
* [[List of companies of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/yes-bank-crisis-rbis-trysts-with-large-private-bank-failures History of the Bank]
* [https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/gmfJYUl0okdSIkurydcYOM/The-rise-and-fall-of-TNQ-bank.html Banking in India]

{{Banking in India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Travancore National and Quilon Bank}}
[[Category:Defunct banks of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kerala]]
[[Category:Banks based in Kerala]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Kochi]]

Historiography of Alexander the Great

2026-02-23T18:49:32Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: adjusted content to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Area of study on military commander and king}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Alexander the Great series}}
There are numerous surviving ancient Greek and Latin sources on '''[[Alexander the Great]]''', king of [[Macedon]], as well as some Asian texts. The five main surviving accounts are by [[Arrian]], [[Plutarch]], [[Diodorus Siculus]], [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]], and [[Justin (historian)|Justin]].<ref name = grxxii>Green, 2007, pp. xxii–xxviii</ref> In addition to these five main sources, there is the ''[[Metz Epitome]]'', an anonymous late Latin work that narrates Alexander's campaigns from [[Hyrcania]] to [[India]]. Much is also recounted incidentally by other authors, including [[Strabo]], [[Athenaeus]], [[Polyaenus]], [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]], and others. Strabo, who gives a summary of [[Callisthenes]], is an important source for Alexander's journey
to [[Siwa Oasis|Siwah]].<ref>Cartledge, P., ''Alexander the Great'' (Vintage Books, 2004), p. 290.</ref>

==Contemporary sources==
Most primary sources written by people who actually knew Alexander or who gathered information from men who served with Alexander are lost, but a few inscriptions and fragments survive.<ref name = grxxii/> Contemporaries who wrote accounts of his life include Alexander's campaign historian [[Callisthenes]]; Alexander's generals [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy]] and [[Nearchus]]; [[Aristobulus of Cassandreia|Aristobulus]], a junior officer on the campaigns; and [[Onesicritus]], Alexander's chief helmsman.<ref name = grxxii/> Finally, there is the very influential account of [[Cleitarchus]] who, while not a direct witness of Alexander's expedition, used sources which had just been published.<ref name = grxxii/> His work was to be the backbone of that of [[Timagenes]], who heavily influenced many historians whose work still survives. None of his works survived, but we do have later works based on these primary sources.<ref name = grxxii/>

==The five main sources==

===Arrian===
"That Alexander should have committed errors in conduct from impetuosity or from wrath, and that he should have been induced to comport himself like the Persian monarchs to an immoderate degree, I do not think remarkable if we fairly consider both his youth and his uninterrupted career of good fortune. I do not think that even his tracing his origin to a god was a great error on Alexander's part if it was not perhaps merely a device to induce his subjects to show him reverence"''.'' (Arrian 7b 29)
*''[[Indica (Arrian)|Indica]]'', written in the 2nd century AD, mainly describes the voyage of [[Alexander the Great]]'s officer [[Nearchus]] from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the [[Persian Gulf]] following Alexander's conquest of much of the Indus Valley.

===Plutarch===
*''Life of Alexander'' (see ''[[Parallel Lives]]'') and two orations ''On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great'' (see ''[[Moralia]]''), by the Greek historian and biographer [[Plutarch]] of [[Chaeronea]] in the second century, based largely on Aristobulus and especially [[Cleitarchus]]. Plutarch devotes a great deal of space to Alexander's drive and desire and strives to determine how much of it was presaged in his youth. He also draws extensively on the work of [[Lysippus]], Alexander's favorite sculptor, to provide what is probably the fullest and most accurate description of the conqueror's physical appearance. Plutarch also admits the impossibility of pure accuracy, noting that his sources are likely unreliable and that the purpose of his work is to give a [[virtue|moralistic]] and [[Hero|heroic]] interpretation of Alexander's life, stating: "For it is not Histories that I am writing, but Lives."<ref>''Life of Alexander'' 1.1</ref>

===Diodorus===
*''[[Bibliotheca historica]]'' (''Library of world history''), written in Greek by the [[Sicily|Sicilian]] historian [[Diodorus Siculus]], from which Book 17 relates the conquests of Alexander, based almost entirely on Cleitarchus and Hieronymus of Cardia. It is the oldest surviving Greek source (1st century BC). Diodorus regarded Alexander like Caesar as a key historical figure and chronological marker.

===Curtius===
*''[[Histories of Alexander the Great|Historiae Alexandri Magni]]'', a biography of Alexander in ten books, of which the last eight survive, by the Roman historian [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]], written in the 1st century AD, and based largely on Cleitarchus through the mediation of Timagenes, with some material probably from Ptolemy. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/ct-cz/curtius/qcr.html|title=Curtius|website=www.livius.org|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020000137/http://www.livius.org/ct-cz/curtius/qcr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Justin===
*The ''[[Historia Philippicae et Totius Mundi Origines et Terrae Situs|Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus]]'' by [[Justin (historian)|Justin]], is highly compressed version of an earlier history by [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus|Trogus]], with the selections governed by Justin's desire to make moralistic points, rather than with an eye for the history itself.<ref name = grxxii/>

==Letters==
{{main|Letters of Alexander the Great}}
Alexander wrote and received numerous letters, but no [[autograph manuscript|originals]] survive. A few official letters addressed to the Greek cities survive in copies inscribed in stone and the content of others is sometimes reported in historical sources. These only occasionally quote the letters and it is an open question how reliable such quotations are. Several fictitious letters, some perhaps based on actual letters, made their way into the ''Romance'' tradition.<ref name=LICP>[[Lionel I. C. Pearson]] (1955), "The Diary and the Letters of Alexander the Great", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'' '''3'''(4): 429–455, at 443–450. {{JSTOR|4434421}}</ref>

==Ephemerides of Alexander the Great==
The Ephemerides of Alexander were journals describing Alexander's daily activities. Mentioned by ancient writers, but only fragments survive today.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4434864|title=Alexander's 'Royal Journals'|author=Samuel, Alan E.|year=1965|journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte|volume=14|issue=1|pages=1–12|jstor=4434864 |accessdate=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4436444|title=The 'Ephemerides' of Alexander the Great|author=Anson, Edward M.|year=1996|journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte|volume=45|issue=4|pages=501–504|jstor=4436444 |accessdate=15 March 2023}}</ref> The Ephemerides is credited either to [[Eumenes]] or to Diodotus of Erythrae, though the latter name may have been a pseudonym.<ref>{{cite book| last = Heckel| first = Waldemar | title = The Conquests of Alexander the Great| url = https://archive.org/details/the-conquests-of-alexander-the-great/page/5/mode/2up| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]|date=2007| page = 6| isbn = 9780511611407}}</ref>

[[Suda]] writes that one of the works of [[Strattis of Olynthus]] was called "''On the ephemerides of Alexander''" and were five books.<ref name="Suda, Strattis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/sigma/1179|title=SOL Search|website=www.cs.uky.edu|accessdate=15 March 2023}}</ref>

==Lost works==
*Life of Alexander by [[Aesopus (historian)|Aesopus]]
*Works of [[Anaximenes of Lampsacus]]
*Works of [[Aristobulus of Cassandreia]]
*Geographical work of [[Androsthenes of Thasos]]
*Deeds of Alexander by [[Callisthenes]] (the official historian)
*Personal Notebooks, or ''Hypomnemata'', by Alexander himself (possibly inauthentic)<ref>Cartledge 2007, p. 278.</ref>
*[[History of Alexander]] by [[Cleitarchus]]
*On the empire of the Macedonians by [[Criton of Pieria]]
*Histories (also listed as Macedonica and Hellenica) by [[Duris of Samos]]
*Work of [[Ephippus of Olynthus]]
*Works of [[Strattis of Olynthus]]<ref name="Suda, Strattis"/>
*Work of [[Hagnothemis]] upon which Plutarch rested the belief that Antipater poisoned Alexander.
*Work of [[Hieronymus of Cardia]]
*On the education of Alexander and Macedonian history by [[Marsyas of Pella]]<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/mu/227 Suda, Mu, 227]</ref>
*Work of [[Medius of Larissa]]
*Work of [[Nearchus]], the primary source of [[Indica (Arrian)|Arrian's Indica]]
*How Alexander was Educated and geographical works by [[Onesicritus]]
*Work of [[Ptolemy I Soter]]
*Work of [[Nicobule]]<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DN%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dnicobula-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Nicobula]</ref>
*Work of [[Antidamas]]<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=antidamas-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Antidamas]</ref>
*History of Alexander by [[Timagenes]]
*Historiae Philippicae by [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus]]
*[[Nymphis]] wrote twenty-four books On Alexander, the Diadochoi and the Epigonoi.<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/nu/598 Suda, Nu, 598]</ref>
*Work of [[Philo of Alexandria]] called "On Alexander".<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/phi/448 Suda, Phi, 448]</ref>
*Work of [[Potamon of Mitylene]] called "On Alexander of Macedon".<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/pi/2127 Suda, Pi, 2127]</ref>
*Work of [[Soterichus of Oasis]].<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/sigma/877 Suda, Sigma, 877]</ref>
*Work of Nikanor about the life of Alexander.<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/sigma/361 Suda, Sigma, 361]</ref>
*Work of [[Hegesias of Magnesia]], known only from fragments.<ref>[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/53718/9783110764062.pdf Reading History in the Roman Empire, p.195]</ref>
*"Σταθμοί τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου πορείας" (Stages in Alexander's Journey/Stations of the march of Alexander), a work of Baeton (the [[Bematist]] of Alexander the Great).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DB%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dbaeton-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Baeton]</ref><ref>[https://topostext.org/work/218#10.59 Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, Book 10]</ref>
*Work of [[Chares of Mytilene]]. Ten books about the life of Alexander.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Chares (of Mytilene)|display=Chares|volume=5|page=859}}</ref>
*[[Jason of Argos]] wrote four books titled "On Greece". In the third book, he covered the reign of Alexander the Great up until his death.<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/iota/53 Suda, Iota, 53]</ref>
*[[Menaechmus of Sikyon]] wrote about the reign of Alexander the Great.<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/mu/141 Suda, Mu, 141]</ref>
*Work of [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus]], some parts survive in the epitome by Justin.
*The earliest version of the [[Alexander Romance]]. A now lost original Greek text, blending historical and fantastical elements. While later versions survive in many languages, the original form has been altered or lost.
*The [[Metz Epitome]] was a short summary of the life and conquests of Alexander the Great, likely written in late antiquity. Originally preserved in a manuscript housed in the library of [[Metz]] (hence the name), it was destroyed during [[World War II]], though its content survives through earlier transcriptions.
*In 2023, researchers with the help of [[machine learning]] managed to read a small part of a book from the [[Villa of the Papyri]] at [[Herculaneum]] which was heavily damaged in the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in 79 AD. It seems that it is a lost work which contains the names of a number of Macedonian dynasts and generals of Alexander and several mentions of Alexander himself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/ai-is-deciphering-a-2000-year-old-lost-book-describing-life-after-alexander-the-great|title=AI is deciphering a 2,000-year-old 'lost book' describing life after Alexander the Great|author1=Owen Jarus|date=7 February 2023|website=livescience.com|accessdate=15 March 2023}}</ref>

==Epigraphy==
Epigraphic records associated with Alexander the Great:

*[[Decree of Philippi (ca.335-330 BC)]] Alexander arbitrates a boundary dispute between local Thracian tribes and the city of Philippi.
*The [[Priene inscription of Alexander the Great]], a dedicatory inscription made by Alexander for the temple of [[Athena]] Polias in [[Priene]]. It is now housed in the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=437260&partId=1&searchText=athena+polias&people=72426&page=1 |title=Collection online |publisher=[[British Museum]] |access-date=15 December 2017 |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221426/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=437260&partId=1&searchText=athena+polias&people=72426&page=1 |url-status=live }} "Marble wall block from the temple of Athena at Priene, inscribed on two sides. The inscription on the front records the gift of funds from Alexander the Great to complete the temple."</ref>
*A dedicatory inscription to [[Apollo]] was found at Toumbes Kalamotou, [[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki regional unit]]; it records a list of priests of [[Asclepius]] who had fulfilled their duties from the time ''when [[Alexander the Great|King Alexandros]] gave [[Kalindoia]] and the villages around to [[Macedon|Makedones]].<ref>The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor p. 94 by Getzel M. Cohen {{ISBN|0520083296}}</ref>''
*A dedicatory inscription to Olympian Zeus by Philonides of Crete in which he is mentioned as ''King Alexandros' hemerodromos (cursor) and [[bematist]] of Asia''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epigraphy.packhum.org/error|title=Error – PHI Greek Inscriptions|website=epigraphy.packhum.org|accessdate=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>From the end of the Peloponnesian War to the battle of Ipsus By Phillip Harding p. 135 {{ISBN|0521299497}}</ref>
*[[Lindos Chronicle]]. ''King Alexandros having defeated Darius in battle and become lord ''[[kurios]]'' of Asia, sacrificed to [[Athena]] of [[Lindos]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epigraphy.packhum.org/error|title=Error – PHI Greek Inscriptions|website=epigraphy.packhum.org|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320212918/https://epigraphy.packhum.org/error|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>The Greek world after Alexander, 323–30 B.C. p. 37 By Graham Shipley {{ISBN|0415046181}}</ref> boukephala (ox-heads) and hopla (armour)<ref>New terms for new ideas By Michael Lackner, Iwo Amelung, Joachim Kurtz p. 124 {{ISBN|9004120467}}</ref>
*[[Antigonus (son of Callas)]] hetairos from Amphipolis, commemorates his victory in [[hoplitodromos|hoplite racing]] at Heraclean games after the Conquest of Tyrus.
*A bilingual inscription from Alexander the Great’s shrine at [[Bahariya Oasis]]. It features both Greek and Egyptian texts.<ref>[https://www.classicalstudies.org/self-definition-alexander-great Self-Definition of Alexander the Great - Society for Classical Studies]</ref>
* Alexander depicted as an Egyptian pharaoh at the [[Luxor Temple]].

==Non-Greco-Roman sources==

===Babylonian Chronicles===
*''Alexander Chronicle'' mentions the [[battle of Gaugamela]] and the incident of [[Bessus]], who was pursued by ''Aliksandar''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/bchp-alexander/alexander_06.html|title=The Alexander Chronicle (ABC 8)|website=www.livius.org|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121545/https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/bchp-alexander/alexander_06.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Alexander and Arabia Chronicle'' refers to events concerning the last years of the King.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/bchp-arabia/arabia_02.html|title=Chronicle concerning Alexander and Arabia (BCHP 2)|website=www.livius.org|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121604/https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/bchp-arabia/arabia_02.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Zoroastrian texts===
{{Main|Book of Arda Viraf}}

{{cquote|They say that, once upon a time, the pious [[Zartosht]] made the religion, which he had received, current in the world; and till the completion of 300 years, the religion was in purity, and men were without doubts. But afterward, the accursed evil spirit, the wicked one, in order to make men doubtful of this religion, instigated the accursed Alexander, the [[Rûm]]an,<ref>Alexander the Great was called "the Ruman" in Zoroastrian tradition because he came from Greek provinces which later were a part of the [[eastern Roman empire]] – ''The archeology of world religions'', by Jack Finegan, p. 80 {{ISBN|0415221552}}</ref> who was dwelling in Egypt, so that he came to the country of Iran with severe cruelty and war and devastation; he also slew the ruler of Iran, and destroyed the metropolis and empire, and made them desolate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avesta.org/mp/viraf.html|title=The Book of Arda Viraf|website=www.avesta.org}}</ref>}}

===The Bible===
{{Main|1 Maccabees}}
Daniel 8:5–8 and 21–22 states that a King of Greece will conquer the Medes and Persians but then die at the height of his power and have his kingdom broken into four kingdoms. This is sometimes taken as a reference to Alexander.

Alexander is briefly mentioned in the [[1 Maccabees|first Book of the Maccabees]]. In chapter 1, verses 1–7 are about Alexander and serve as an introduction of the book. This explains how the Greek influence reached the [[Land of Israel]] at that time.

===The Quran===
{{Main|Alexander the Great in the Quran}}

There is evidence to suggest that orally transmitted legends about Alexander the Great found their way to the [[Quran]].<ref>{{Cite book| last = Stoneman | first = Richard | editor1-last = Panayotakis | editor1-first= Stelios | editor2-last = Zimmerman | editor2-first= Maaike | editor3-last = Keulen | editor3-first= Wytse | year = 2003 | chapter= Alexander the Great in Arabic Tradition | title = The Ancient Novel and Beyond | publisher = Brill Academic Publishers NV | page = 3 | isbn = 978-90-04-12999-3 }}</ref> In the story of [[Dhu al-Qarnayn]], "The Two-Horned One" (chapter [[al-Kahf]], verse 83–94), Dhu al-Qarnayn is identified by most Western and traditional Muslim scholars as a reference to Alexander the Great.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bietenholz |first=Peter G. |title=Historia and fabula: myths and legends in historical thought from antiquity to the modern age |publisher=Brill |year=1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFjXaCAWoOUC&q=%22from+a+Syrian+version+it+found+its+way+into+the+Koran%22&pg=PA123 | pages = 122–123 |isbn=978-9004100633}}</ref>{{sfn|Stoneman|2003|p=3}}<ref>{{EI2 |article=al-Iskandar |last=Montgomery Watt |first=W. |authorlink=W. Montgomery Watt |volume=4 |page=127}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Zambrini |first1=Andrea |editor1-last=Marincola |editor1-first=John |publication-date=12 September 2017 |year=2017 |title=A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography |chapter=The Historians of Alexander the Great |pages=193–202 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |doi=10.1002/9781405185110.ch17 |isbn=978-1405102162 }}
* {{cite book |last=Hammond |first=Nicholas G. L. |author-link=N. G. L. Hammond |orig-year=1983 |year=2007 |title=The Historians of Alexander the Great: The So-Called Vulgate Authors, Diodorus, Justin, and Curtius |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=Cambridge Classical Studies |isbn=978-0521036535 }}
* {{cite book |last=Grant |first=David |title=Alexander the Great, a Battle for Truth and Fiction. The Ancient Sources And Why They Can't Be Trusted |date=2022 |publisher=Pen and Sword Books |location=Barnsley |isbn=9781399094719 }}
{{Historiography}}

[[Category:Historiography of Alexander the Great]]
[[Category:Historiography of ancient Greece|Alexander]]

Parkash Singh Badal

2026-02-21T15:50:35Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1927–2023)}}
{{hatnote group|{{distinguish|Parkash Singh}}
{{for|the Omani cricketer|Badal Singh}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Parkash Singh Badal
| native_name =
| image = Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg
| image_size =
| image_name_alt =
| caption = Badal in 2014
| office = 8th [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
| term_start1 = 1 March 2007
| term_end1 = 16 March 2017 | governor1 = [[Sunith Francis Rodrigues]],[[Shivraj Patil]],[[Kaptan Singh Solanki]][[V. P. Singh Badnore]]
| predecessor1 = [[Amarinder Singh]]
| successor1 = Amarinder Singh
| deputy1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] (from 2009)
| term_start2 = 12 February 1997
| term_end2 = 26 February 2002 | governor2 =[[B. K. N. Chhibber]],[[J. F. R. Jacob]]
| predecessor2 = [[Rajinder Kaur Bhattal]]
| successor2 = Amarinder Singh
| term_start3 = 20 June 1977
| term_end3 = 17 February 1980 | governor3 =[[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]],[[Ranjit Singh Narula]],[[Jaisukhlal Hathi]]
| predecessor3 = ''[[President's rule]]''
| successor3 = ''President's rule''
| term_start4 = 27 March 1970 | governor4= [[D. C. Pavate]]
| term_end4 = 14 June 1971
| predecessor4 = [[Gurnam Singh]]
| successor4 = ''President's rule''
| office5 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in Punjab Assembly]]
| term_start5 = 2 October 1972
| term_end5 = 30 April 1977
| predecessor5 = [[Jaswinder Singh Brar]]
| successor5 = [[Balram Jakhar]]
| term_start6 = 7 June 1980
| term_end6 = 7 October 1983
| predecessor6 = Balram Jakhar
| successor6 = [[Gurbinder Kaur Brar]]
| term_start7 = 26 February 2002
| term_end7 = 1 March 2007
| predecessor7 = [[Jagjit Singh (politician)|Chaudhary Jagjit Singh]]
| successor7 = Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
| office8 = 11th [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Union Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation]], [[Government of India]]
| term_start8 = 28 March 1977
| term_end8 = 17 June 1977
| predecessor8 = [[Jagjivan Ram]]
| successor8 = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
| primeminister8 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|12|08}}
| birth_place = [[Muktsar district|Abul Khurana]], [[Punjab Province, British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2023|4|25|1927|12|08}}
| death_place = [[Mohali]], Punjab, India
| party = [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| otherparty = [[National Democratic Alliance]] (1998–2020)
| spouse = {{marriage|Surinder Kaur|1959|2011|end=d}}
| children = 2, including [[Sukhbir Singh Badal|Sukhbir]]
| relatives = [[Badal family]], [[Majithia family]], Kairon family
| residence = [[Badal, Punjab]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| signature = Parkash Singh Badal signature.svg
| signature_alt = Signature of PS Badal
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Parkash Singh Badal''' (8 December 1927 – 25 April 2023) was an Indian politician and Sikh rights advocate who served as the 8th [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] from 1970 to 1971, from 1977 to 1980, from 1997 to 2002, and from 2007 to 2017, the longest serving Chief Minister of Punjab till date. He was also Leader of the Opposition in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] from 1972 to 1977, 1980 to 1983 and from 2002 to 2007 and the 11th [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]] in the [[Morarji Desai ministry]] from 1977 to 1977. He was the patron of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (SAD), a [[Sikhism|Sikh-centered]] regional political party, and the president of the party from 1995 to 2008, when he was replaced by his son [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Bains |first=Satinder |date=31 January 2008 |title=Sukhbir Badal becomes youngest president of Shiromani Akali Dal |url=http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/8203/38/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128073903/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/8203/38/ |archive-date=28 November 2010 |access-date=10 December 2010 |publisher=Punjab Newsline}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/badal-jr-is-akali-president/article1190865.ece Badal Jr. is Akali president]. ''The Hindu'' (1 February 2008). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> As the patron of SAD he exercised a strong influence on the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]]<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110919/main1.htm SAD-Sant Samaj combine sweeps SGPC elections]. ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> and [[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2013 |title=Manmohan Singh ranked world's most powerful, influential Sikh |newspaper=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/manmohan-singh-ranked-worlds-most-powerful-influential-sikh-1221009.html |access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Parkash Singh Badal was born on 8 December 1927 in Abul Khurana, near [[Malout]]. He belonged to a [[Jatt Sikh]] family of Dhillon Clan, who were generally apolitical and worked in their fields. His father was a landlord named Raghuraj Singh Badal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badal, Parkash Singh |url=https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/candidate_affidavits/vidhansabha/2012/83/PARKASHSINGHBADAL.pdf}}</ref> In 1959, he married Surinder Kaur. The couple had two children, [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] and Parneet Kaur, who is married to [[Adesh Pratap Singh Kairon]]. Surinder Kaur died in 2011 after a long illness due to cancer.<ref>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-24/news/29577679_1_cm-prakash-singh-badal-sukhbir-surinder-kaur-badal "Surinder Kaur Badal dead: Former Punjab CM Prakash Singh Badal's wife passes away"]{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Economic Times (24 May 2011). Retrieved 25 October 2011.</ref>

His younger brother [[Gurdas Singh Badal]] had also been in politics in both, the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Indian National Congress. His nephew [[Manpreet Singh Badal]] served as Finance Minister of Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2007 |title=Badal allocates portfolios |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Badal-allocates-portfolios/article14730815.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 October 2010 |title=Punjab Finance Minister sacked |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Punjab-Finance-Minister-sacked/article15779748.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Badal graduated from the [[Panjab University]] and [[Forman Christian College|FC College]], [[Lahore]] and became a member of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] at a young age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gopal |first1=Navjeevan |date=15 March 2012 |title=Literate, under middle, ninth passed all in new cabinet |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/literate-under-middle-ninth-passed-all-in-new-cabinet/923771/ |access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> During the [[Partition of India]] he was not able to board any train and was left to fend for himself in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name="newsclick.in">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=How History Will Remember Parkash Singh Badal |url=https://www.newsclick.in/how-history-will-remember-parkash-singh-badal |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref> He was later escorted by a party of Indian soldiers as his father requested [[Brigadier]] [[Mohinder Singh Chopra]] to help him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=Parkash Singh Badal: When Lahore that lived in his heart, never died |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/parkash-singh-badal-when-lahore-that-lived-in-his-heart-never-died-8578177/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="newsclick.in"/>

== Political career ==
Badal started his political career in 1947. He was [[Sarpanch]] of the [[Badal, Punjab|Village Badal]] and later chairman of Block Samiti, Lambi before rising into Punjab politics. He was elected to [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab Vidhan Sabha]] in 1957 for the first time from the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] political party, when he was hardly thirty years of age.<ref name="IBN">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131010003859/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-grand-old-man-of-akali-politics/34960-4.html "The grand old man of Akali politics"], CNN-IBN, 2 March 2007.</ref> He was re-elected in 1969, serving as Minister for Community Development, Panchayati Raj, Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.<ref name="IBN" /> He was [[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Leader of Opposition in Punjab Assembly|Leader of Opposition]] in 1972, 1980 and 2002. He had been elected in Vidhan Sabha for a total of 10 times, in 1957 and in each election since 1969, except for the February 1992 election, in which he led a boycott of state elections by the Akalis.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111227/punjab.htm Punjab Polls 2012]. ''The Tribune''. (26 December 2011). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref><ref>[http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/CM%20PARKASH%20SINGH%20BADAL.pdf Parkash Singh Badal]. pbplanning.gov.in.</ref> In 1997 elections he won from [[Lambi Assembly constituency]] and had been a consecutive winner in four terms. He was a union minister in Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]]'s government in 1977, serving as Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parkash Singh Badal: Grand old man of Punjab politics |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/parkash-singh-badal-grand-old-man-of-punjab-politics-23282984}}</ref>

=== Chief Minister of Punjab ===
Badal served as [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)|Punjab Chief Minister]] for five terms, the first time in 1970 when he became the youngest chief minister of an Indian state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2017 |title=The Badals of Punjab |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/punjab-assembly-elections-2017/punjab-polls-parkash-singh-badal-sukhbir-singh-badal-majithia-the-badals-of-punjab-4496456/}}</ref> He completed his last term in March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 March 2017 |title=Punjab election results: Parkash Singh Badal to resign tomorrow |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Jbfb6PsNDkehyWGGO0c6ZM/Punjab-election-results-Parkash-Singh-Badal-to-resign-tomor.html}}</ref>

==== First term (1970-1971) ====
Badal first became Chief Minister of Punjab in March 1970 and headed a coalition government of [[Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh]] and [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh]]. In June 1970 Jana Sangh withdrew support from the Badal government over their difference about the place of [[Hindi language|Hindi]] in Punjab. Later, in early July, seven of Akali Dal (Sant) defected to rival Akali Dal headed by ex-CM [[Gurnam Singh]]. An early session of the assembly was called on 24 July to prove the majority of Badal's government. However, the motion of no confidence was not admitted due to lack of requisite support of one-fifth of MLAs. Congress decided to stay neutral and did not support the no-confidence motion.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arora |first1=Subhash Chander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwG-yOpSEy8C |title=Turmoil in Punjab Politics |date=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-7099-251-6 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=131–140 |access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref>

==== Second term (1977-1980) ====
{{main|Second Badal ministry}}

Badal became CM for the term 20 June 1977 to 17 February 1980 with the support and alliance of [[Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Parkash Singh Badal: The grand old man of Punjab politics |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/parkash-singh-badal-the-grand-old-man-of-punjab-politics-who-became-india-s-youngest-cm-11682468583702.html}}</ref> He led major developments in infrastructure and kept harmony in the state despite the fiery tensions that were running during the Emergency from 1975-1977.

==== Third term (1997–2002) ====
{{main|Third Badal ministry}}

Badal became CM for the term 12 February 1997 to 26 February 2002.<ref name="pdf">{{cite web |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2002 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB |url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_PB.pdf}} [[Election Commission of India]]</ref> He had put a complete end to all human rights violations in Punjab by the Punjab Police- along with the dreaded Black Cats and bounty system.

==== Fourth term (2007–2012) ====
{{main|Fourth Badal ministry}}

In the [[State Assembly elections in India, 2007#Punjab|2007 Punjab state election]] [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]-[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] coalition government won 67 out of 117 seats and Parkash Singh Badal was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time.<ref>[http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/punjab/election-result-07.html Punjab Assembly Election 2007 Results] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508085551/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/punjab/election-result-07.html|date=8 May 2013}}. indian-elections.com</ref> He held 10 portfolios, which included the ministries for Home, Housing & Urban Development, Excise & Taxation, Power, Personnel, General Administration, Vigilance, Employment, Legal & Legislative Affairs and NRIs Affairs.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/badal-allocates-portfolios/article1807528.ece Badal allocates portfolios]. ''The Hindu''. (8 March 2007). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> Badal launched many schemes such as free ambulance service,<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150716080915/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2011/04/badal-launches-free-ambulance-service/ Badal launches free ambulance service]}}. dayandnightnews.com. April 2011</ref> Talwandi Sabo thermal plant, etc.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/talwandi-sabo-thermal-plant-okayed/article1964667.ece Talwandi Sabo thermal plant okayed]. ''The Hindu'' (10 December 2007). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> Through a new transportation policy, he reduced taxes on air-conditioned buses, making it less expensive for companies to operate luxury buses. This also increased profits of a bus company owned by his son, [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]], which soared to 1.7 million U.S. dollars.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mandhana |first=Niharika |date=12 May 2014 |title=In India, a Political Dynasty Prospers in Power |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303417104579544033543762254?mod=WSJ_article_EditorsPicks |access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref>

==== Fifth term (2012–2017) ====
{{main|Fifth Badal ministry}}

In the 2012 election, [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] combined won 68 seats out of 117,<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/state-elections-2012/punjab/punjab-elections-results-2012-sad-bjp-combine-attains-majority_762360.html Punjab elections results 2012]. Zeenews.india.com (6 March 2012). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> despite a tradition of anti-incumbency in Punjab.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120307131809/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/punjab-warhorse-badal-beats-antiincumbency/236733-37-170.html Punjab Polls 2012: Warhorse Badal beats anti-incumbency for the first time – Politics – Elections – ibnlive]. CNN-IBN.in.com. Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref> Badal again became the chief minister of Punjab on 14 March 2012 after being sworn in by the governor of Punjab, [[Shivraj Patil]]. He is also the oldest chief minister ever and is the only person who has been both the youngest and the oldest chief minister of his state.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120314151532/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Parkash-Singh-Badal-takes-oath-as-Punjab-chief-minister/articleshow/12259284.cms Parkash Singh Badal takes oath as Punjab chief minister]. ''The Times of India''. 14 March 2012</ref> In the 2012–2017 government he held the portfolios of Personnel, General Administration, Power, Cooperation, Science Technology, and Environment, Vigilance and Employment Generation.<ref name="dayandnightnews.com">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120319015614/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/03/punjab-cabinet-ministers-portfolios-2012 Punjab Cabinet Ministers Portfolios 2012]}}. dayandnightnews.com. March 2012</ref>

Badal opposed [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]], and sided with political ally BJP.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2012 |title=Badal contradicts son, opposes FDI |newspaper=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/badal-contradicts-son-opposes-fdi/1008599/ |access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref>

=== Detentions, protests and issues ===

==== Detentions ====
When he had become the Chief Minister of Punjab, Parkash Singh Badal had constructed "beautiful jails", with the reasoning that he and his followers visit jails so often that he must make them pleasant to the eye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-27 |title=When Punjab was tumultuous, Parkash Singh Badal built a 'beautiful jail' for Akalis, himself |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/when-punjab-was-tumultuous-parkash-singh-badal-built-a-beautiful-jail-for-akalis-himself/articleshow/99802948.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Badal was first detained in the [[Karnal]] jail in connection with Civil Liberties Agitation later under the [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] during the [[The Emergency (India)|Indian Emergency]].<ref name="IBN" /> As the Emergency progressed, conditions in jail became relaxed between prisoners.

He was then imprisoned in 1982 over protesting against the Sutlej Yamuna link canal which would have made the Punjab land barren of water resources.

He was jailed for sedition against the Indian Government in June 1984 when he had asked for Sikh soldiers to mutiny against the Indian Government after Operation Blue Star.

In August 1992, he was again lodged in Tajpur Road Jail from 28 August 1992 to 1 September 1992 for protesting against the false encounters perpetrated by Kanwar Pal Singh Gill.

In December 1992, the then Jathedar of Akal Takht, Gurdev Singh Kaunke, of Jagraon's [[Kaunke Kalan]] area, had disappeared after he was arrested by the Punjab Police. Badal staged a protest against police over the disappearance of Jathedar and was arrested and lodged again in Ludhiana jail from 1 to 13 January 1993.

He was under house arrest multiple times from 1984-1995, over 50 times in total as noted by Bhai Ajmer Singh.

==== Janata Party ====
Whilst in jail, Badal began to speak to the other political prisoners about forming an opposition group to [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi’s]] Congress and the idea of the [[Janata Party]] was made, a party that works for the people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Singh (SirPentapotamia) |first=Rattan |date=2023-07-09 |title=The Sikh response to The Emergency |url=https://khalsachronicle.substack.com/p/the-sikh-response-to-the-emergency |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Khalsa Chronicle}}</ref> On 6 February 1976 Badal hosted a lunch for about 409 political detenus which marked the beginning of a dialogue.<ref name=":0" />

In the 1977 elections, the Janata Party came to power with an alliance with the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], running under a platform of democracy and retaining civil liberties.<ref name=":0" />

Indira Gandhi would lose her home seat of [[Raebareli|Rae Bareilly]] to Raj Narain, with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] not even receiving one seat in states like [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Bihar]] (including [[Jharkhand]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]] (including [[Uttarakhand]]) and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Separatism ====
He was a part of the Dharam-Yudh Morcha and was a close associate of Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, even attending his Dastarbandi ceremony.

During the Dharam-Yudh Morcha he went undercover and reached the Indian Parliament and had burnt copies of Article 25B of the Indian Constitution over the demand for a separate identity for Sikhs.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2015-01-26 |title=Padma Vibhushan for Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/padma-vibhushan-for-punjab-cm-parkash-singh-badal/articleshow/46018398.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He was a part of the United Akali Dal, which supported Khalistan. He was contesting alongside politicians like Simranjit Singh Mann, Baba Joginder Singh Rode (father of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale) and Captain Amarinder Singh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Parkash Singh Badal and Captain Amarinder Singh at odds |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880315-parkash-singh-badal-and-captain-amarinder-singh-at-odds-797033-1988-03-14 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=15 March 1988 |language=en}}</ref>

Badal had said that the militants of the Damdami Taksal and other terrorist outfits were "engaged in a struggle of the Panth".<ref name=":2" /> During the Khalistan Movement he had shifted to political protests and armed insurrection; he stated, "Barnala is a traitor. He is a tyrant worse than the Moghuls. Even Mrs Gandhi's despotic regime pales before his misdeeds. At the behest of the Centre, he is finishing the Sikh youth and attacking the Sikh holy shrines. Neither God nor Sikhs shall pardon him. The Delhi Darbar is out to finish the Sikhs. We must fight back. I shall go to each Sikh youth's house killed by the security forces, visit Sikhs detained in jails. We shall do everything possible to stop the massacre of Sikh youth."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akali Dal leader Prakash Singh Badal sounds battle cry against Punjab CM Barnala |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860731-akali-dal-leader-prakash-singh-badal-sounds-battle-cry-against-punjab-cm-barnala-801086-1986-07-30 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=31 July 1986 |language=en}}</ref>

He had protection from the [[Khalistan Commando Force]] in 1992 as various militants saw him as an ally; he used to go to various Bhog ceremonies of militants as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honouring of Sikh militants' relatives creates fresh problems for Badal govt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19970515-honouring-of-sikh-militants-relatives-creates-fresh-problems-for-badal-govt-831372-1997-05-14 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=15 May 1997 |language=en}}</ref>

On the militants' orders he had boycotted the 1992 Punjab elections, no one from his party had contested and the only ones participating were the [[Indian National Congress]], Shiromani Akali Dal (Kabul) and [[Bhartiya Janata Party]], and even those only in Hindu rural or Urban areas, as the candidates feared the militant's gun.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=With militant scare and Akali boycott, Punjab elections may be a damp squib |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19920229-with-militant-scare-and-akali-boycott-punjab-elections-may-be-a-damp-squib-765888-2013-06-24 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=24 June 2013 |language=en}}</ref> Only 25 percent of the population voted due to the boycott and insurgency.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Gurharpal |date=1992 |title=The Punjab Elections 1992: Breakthrough or Breakdown? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2645266 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=32 |issue=11 |pages=988–999 |doi=10.2307/2645266 |jstor=2645266 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

In 1993 Badal had signed the memorandum submitted to the United Nations, demanding Khalistan, which also carried Tohra’s signature.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-03 |title=Badal suffers from selective amnesia on Khalistan: Bajwa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/badal-suffers-from-selective-amnesia-on-khalistan-bajwa/story-gHP9WqxBjBXAuoi4lUDpOI.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The memorandum stated, "Like all free people of the world, the Sikh nation, in accordance with the UN declaration on granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, seeks an independent and sovereign state to break the shackles of apartheid, slavery, colonialism and a retrograde political system and structure.”<ref name=":4" />

He publicly shed his separatist ideologue in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh militants mark their political graduation, retain their hold over the priests |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870215-sikh-militants-mark-their-political-graduation-retain-their-hold-over-the-priests-798536-1987-02-14 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=15 February 1987 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Protests ====
In the 1950s till the late 1960s he provided the Punjabi Suba Movement's protestors with food and resources to continue their movement against the Indian Government. He also joined the protests.

He protested and was joined when protesting against the Indian Emergency against Indira Gandhi.

When he was the chief minister in 2015, demanded the premature release of 13 Sikhs, including assassins of former Punjab chief minister Beant Singh although was not able to.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government worried as Badal bats for Sikh extremists |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/punjab-sad-badal-sikh-extremists-beant-singh-234445-2015-01-07 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=7 January 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

Throughout his career he tried his best to make a widespread issue over the Dharmi Faujis not receiving their pensions, although the Sikh population did not take notice and overlooked or dismissed the issue completely.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-02 |title='Give Dharmi Faujis pension or stop benefits to Badal Senior' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/give-dharmi-faujis-pension-or-stop-benefits-to-badal-senior/articleshow/72325127.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Ever since the [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal|Sutlej-Yamuna Link]] (SYL) issue came up in 1982, Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal has been vocal in disapproving it and leading from the front in safeguarding the rights of Punjab's farmers. He believed that successive Congress governments at the Centre have been doing "grave injustice" to the state forcing Punjab to share the water in the name of SYL Canal. Under his leadership, [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab government]] took a path-breaking decision of adopting the Punjab Sutlej Yamuna Link Canal (Transfer of Proprietary Rights) Bill, 2016 in the assembly. With this decision taken on 14 March 2016, the process of denotifying (and dismantling) the 121-km long Sutlej Yamuna Link Canal that was constructed in Punjab to carry water to Haryana has begun. Parkash Singh Badal has expressed candidly many times that Punjab does not have a single drop of spare water for anybody and Akali Dal is opposed to the agreement which it believed would rob the water of the state. Chief Minister Badal, in his latest move, has sent a cheque of Rs.390 crore back to Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar received from Haryana nearly four decades back.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 March 2016 |title=SYL is an emotive issue: Badal |publisher=he Statesman Limited |agency=he Statesman Limited |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/india/syl-is-an-emotive-issue-badal/132430.html |access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 2016 |title=Badal describes SYL canal as 'death warrant' of Punjab |publisher=Legit Expressions Pvt. Ltd |agency=Legit Expressions Pvt. Ltd |url=http://punjabnewsexpress.com/punjab/news/badal-descfribes-syl-canal-as-death-warrant-of-punjab-48657.aspx |access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref>

Badal returned the second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan award to support the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]] on 3 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 December 2020 |title=Parkash Singh Badal returns Padam Vibhushan in protest against 'betrayal of farmers' |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/parkash-singh-badal-returns-padma-vibhushan-award/article33238641.ece |access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2020 |title=Farmer Protest: Former Punjab Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal returned Padma Vibhushan – The Thinkera |url=https://www.thethinkera.com/politics/farmer-protest-former-punjab-chief-minister-prakash-singh-badal-returned-padma-vibhushan/ |access-date=9 March 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614175852/https://www.thethinkera.com/politics/farmer-protest-former-punjab-chief-minister-prakash-singh-badal-returned-padma-vibhushan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Issues ====
Parkash Singh Badal along with his wife Surinder Kaur, son [[Sukhbir Singh Badal|Sukhbir Singh]] and seven others were booked under various provisions of the [[Prevention of Corruption Act]] in 2003. After a seven-year-long case all accused were acquitted by a local court in Mohali in 2010 due to a lack of incriminating evidence.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/badal-family-acquitted-in-corruption-case/691092 Badal, family acquitted in corruption case]. ''The Indian Express''. (1 October 2010). Retrieved 17 October 2015.</ref>

In May 2016, the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] had surrounded Parkash Singh Badal's house on the issue of farmer suicides and an alleged Rs 12,000-crore wheat scam, Badal, who was the chief minister then, emerged from his home with folded hands. To everyone's surprise, Badal invited them to discuss things over lunch, although the rivalry continued they stopped protests at his residence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2023-04-25 |title=A Political Career As Long As India's Independence: Here Are Some Lesser-Known Facts About Park |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/parkash-singh-badal-death-lesser-known-facts-politics-punjab-shiromani-akali-dal-1598004 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Badal died on 25 April 2023, aged 95, after a brief illness at Fortis hospital in [[Mohali]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2023 |title=SAD patriarch Parkash Singh Badal passes away at 95 |language=en |website=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sad-patriarch-parkash-singh-badal-passes-away-at-95-8575814/ |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parkash Singh Badal: आईसीयू में प्रकाश सिंह बादल, मायावती ने ट्वीट कर की जल्द ठीक होने की कामना |url=https://www.amarujala.com/chandigarh/mayawati-wished-parkash-singh-badal-a-speedy-recovery-2023-04-24 |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Awards ==

=== Panth Rattan ===
On 11 December 2011, Badal was bestowed upon the title of Panth Rattan Fakhr-e-Qaum (literally "Jewel of the religion, pride of the community") by the [[Akal Takht]].<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |date=5 December 2011 |title=Ignoring protests, Badal given top honour |newspaper=The Tribune |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111206/main2.htm |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> He was awarded this title at [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] complex in the presence of Jathedars of all five Takhts in the form of a "siropa" (robe of honour), a sword and a silver plaque with inscription of the citation of ''Panth Rattan Fakhr-e-Qaum''.<ref>{{cite news |title=The CM is now Panth Rattan Fakhr-e-Qaum.. |newspaper=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-cm-is-now-panth-rattan-fakhreqaum../884532/ |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> Badal was awarded this title for his service towards the Sikh Panth by creating many memorials pertaining to Sikhism such as [[Virasat-e-Khalsa]], besides being imprisoned for long time and having faced atrocities during various movements.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Badal spent crores on his monument(al) passion |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/parkash-singh-badal-spent-crores-on-his-monumental-passion-8577859/}}</ref>

Former SGPC secretary general Manjit Singh Calcutta argued that the award is given posthumously.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2011 |title=Grandiose title for Parkash Singh Badal sparks storm |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Grandiose-title-for-Parkash-Singh-Badal-sparks-storm/articleshow/10887100.cms |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130032840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/chandigarh/30446799_1_jathedar-akal-takht-khalsa-panchayat |archive-date=30 November 2011}}</ref> In response, Akal Takht Jathedar Giani Gurbachan Singh cited the example of [[Tara Singh (activist)|Master Tara Singh]], who was given the award during his lifetime.<ref name="tribune" />
[[File:The_President,_Shri_Pranab_Mukherjee_presenting_the_Padma_Vibhushan_Award_to_the_Chief_Minister_of_Punjab,_Shri_Parkash_Singh_Badal,_at_a_Civil_Investiture_Ceremony,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi_on_March_30,_2015.jpg|thumb|Parkash Singh Badal (left) receiving [[Padma Vibhushan]] award from [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] (right) on 30 March 2015.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 2015 |title=Padma Vibhushan for Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/padma-vibhushan-for-punjab-cm-parkash-singh-badal/articleshow/46018398.cms}}</ref>]]

=== Padma Vibhushan ===
He was given the Padma Vibhushan due to his contributions toward politics, agriculture, infrastructure and service to India by the Indian Government headed by Narendra Modi in March 2015.<ref name=":1" />

== Electoral performance ==
He lost the 1967 and 2022 assembly elections and won election 11 times to the assembly (one time from Malout, five times from Godderbaha, and fives times from Lambi) and one time in the Lok Sabha elections.
{{transcluded section|source=Malout Assembly constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Malout Assembly constituency|1957}}}}
{{Election box begin|title=[[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1967]]: [[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Giddarbaha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Polling Booth For Punjab Lok Sabha Elections 1967|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415175924/http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|access-date=2026-01-29 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Harcharan Singh Brar|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:21692}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Parkash Singh Badal|votes={{formatnum:21635}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=[[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1969]]: [[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Giddarbaha]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Parkash Singh Badal|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes={{formatnum:30625}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mohinder Singh|votes={{formatnum:19418}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1972]]: [[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Giddarbaha]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Parkash Singh Badal|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes={{formatnum:30557}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mohinder Singh|votes={{formatnum:21246}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}{{transcluded section|source=Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|General elections 1977}}}}
{{Election box begin|title=[[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1985]]: [[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Giddarbaha]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Parkash Singh Badal|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes={{formatnum:36438}}|percentage=54.6%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Jagmeet Singh|votes={{formatnum:27173}}|percentage=40.7%|change=}}
{{Election box end}}{{transcluded section|source=Qila Raipur Assembly constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Qila Raipur Assembly constituency|1997}}}}
{{Election box begin|title=[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2002]]: [[Lambi, Muktsar|Lambi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Parkash Singh Badal]]|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes=50,545|percentage=54.2|change=-3.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Maheshinder Singh|votes=26,616|percentage=28.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Gurnam Singh|votes=12,800|percentage=13.7|change=-12.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Parveen Kumari Bagri|votes=2,068|percentage=2.2|change=-13.1}}
{{Election box majority|votes=93,233|percentage=25.7|change=-5.0}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=130,612|percentage=71.4|change=-4.4}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Shiromani Akali Dal|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin|title=[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2007]]: [[Lambi, Muktsar|Lambi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Parkash Singh Badal]]|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes=56,282|percentage=51.4|change=-2.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Maheshinder Singh|votes=47,095|percentage=43|change=+29.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Harnek Singh|votes=2,252|percentage=2.1|change=-11.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=Raju Kumar|votes=1,223|percentage=1.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=109,608|percentage=8.4|change=-17.3}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=125,606|percentage=87.3|change=+15.9}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Shiromani Akali Dal|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}{{transcluded section|source=Lambi Assembly constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Lambi Assembly constituency|2012}}}}{{transcluded section|source=Lambi Assembly constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Lambi Assembly constituency|2017}}}}{{transcluded section|source=Lambi Assembly constituency}}{{trim|{{#section-h:Lambi Assembly constituency|2022}}}}

== See also ==

* [[Bathinda]]
* [[Prakash Singh Badal ministry (1977–1980)]]
* [[Simranjit Singh Mann]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Commons category-inline|Parkash Singh Badal}}
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{{s-ttl
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{{s-break}}
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| title = [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
| years = 1 March 2007 – 11 March 2017
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| after = [[Amarinder Singh]]
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{{S-end}}{{Punjab MLAs during 2007-2012}}{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}{{Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)}}{{Ministry of Communications (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

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{{S-end}}
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{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)}}
{{Ministry of Communications (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Badal, Parkash Singh}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:People from Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Shiromani Akali Dal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Agriculture ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Forman Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:People from Faridkot district]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022]]

Sunil Bajpai

2026-02-16T03:34:11Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added the article initial version

{{Short description|Indian Paleontologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Bajpai
| image = Sunil Bajpai field.jpg
| caption = Sunil Bajpai during field work near Jaisalmer City
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1961|09|30}}
| education = Ph.D. in Paleontology
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]]
| occupation = Vertebrate Paleontologist
| employer = [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| organization = Former Director, [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences]], [[Lucknow]]
}}

'''Sunil Bajpai''' (born 30 September 1961) is the [[Chair]] [[Professor]] of [[Vertebrate Paleontology]] in the Department of Earth Sciences, [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]. He is in service as a professor at IIT Roorkee since 1 January 1996 till 30 September 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Bajpai |url=https://www.iitr.ac.in/~ES/sunilfes |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.iitr.ac.in}}</ref> He also served as the director of the [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences]] from January 2013 to July 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to BSIP |url=https://www.bsip.res.in/old/Past_HOI2.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.bsip.res.in}}</ref>

Sunil Bajpai predominantly works on the [[Cenozoic]] vertebrates of India with focus on marine mammals, such as whales and sea cows.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Thewissen |first1=J. G. M. |last2=Cooper |first2=Lisa Noelle |last3=George |first3=John C. |last4=Bajpai |first4=Sunil |year=2009 |title=From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises |journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=272–288 |doi=10.1007/s12052-009-0135-2 |s2cid=11583496 |issn=1936-6426|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Thewissen |first1=J. G. M. |last2=Cooper |first2=Lisa Noelle |last3=Clementz |first3=Mark T. |last4=Bajpai |first4=Sunil |last5=Tiwari |first5=B. N. |year=2007 |title=Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06343 |journal=Nature |volume=450 |issue=7173 |pages=1190–1194 |doi=10.1038/nature06343 |pmid=18097400 |bibcode=2007Natur.450.1190T |s2cid=4416444 |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=S. |last2=Thewissen |first2=J. G. M. |last3=Sahni |first3=A. |year=2009 |title=The origin and early evolution of whales: macroevolution documented on the Indian Subcontinent |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0 |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=673–686 |doi=10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0 |pmid=20009264 |s2cid=28232300 |issn=0250-5991|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Thewissen |first2=J. G. M. |last3=Kapur |first3=Vivesh Vir |last4=Tiwari |first4=B. N. |last5=Sahni |first5=Ashok |year=2006 |title=Eocene and Oligocene sirenians (Mammalia) from Kachchh, India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[400:eaosmf]2.0.co;2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=400–410 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[400:eaosmf]2.0.co;2 |s2cid=86682899 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Bajpai and his collaborators fossil discoveries from the Eocene of Kutch ([[Gujarat]]) and the Himalayas have helped in understanding how whales have evolved.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Bajpai also works on land mammals, which includes the early representatives of horses, artiodactyls, and primates, such as the stem perissodactyl family [[Cambaytheriidae]], artiodactyl ''Gujaratia,'' and primates such as the adapoid ''[[Marcgodinotius]]'' and the omomyid ''[https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4974810.html Vastanomys].''<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |last3=Williams |first3=Blythe A. |last4=Das |first4=Debasis P. |last5=Kapur |first5=Vivesh V. |last6=Tiwari |first6=B. N. |year=2008 |title=The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=105 |issue=32 |pages=11093–11098 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0804159105 |pmid=18685095 |pmc=2516236 |bibcode=2008PNAS..10511093B |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="vastan">{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Kapur |first2=Vivesh V. |last3=Thewissen |first3=J. G. M. |last4=Das |first4=Debasis P. |last5=Tiwari |first5=B. N. |last6=Sharma |first6=Ritu |last7=Saravanan |first7=N. |date=2005 |title=Early eocene primates from Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, western India |url=http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/publication.php |journal=Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=43–45 |issn=0552-9360}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Kapur |first2=Vivesh V |last3=Das |first3=Debasis P |last4=Tiwari |first4=B N |last5=N |first5=Saravanan |last6=Sharma |first6=Ritu |year=2005 |title=Early Eocene land mammals from the Vastan Lignite Mine, District Surat (Gujarat), western India |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/94013/ |journal=Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India|volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=101–113 }}</ref> Additionally, he has worked on many other fossil vertebrates such as sharks, bony fishes, frogs, snakes, lizards, insectivores, rodents, etc.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carolin |first1=Nora |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |last3=Maurya |first3=Abhayanand Singh |last4=Schwarzhans |first4=Werner |year=2022 |title=New perspectives on late Tethyan Neogene biodiversity development of fishes based on Miocene (~ 17 Ma) otoliths from southwestern India |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12542-022-00623-9 |journal=PalZ |volume=97 |pages=43–80 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s12542-022-00623-9 |s2cid=249184395 |issn=0031-0220|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Debasis P. |last2=Carolin |first2=Nora |last3=Bajpai |first3=Sunil |year=2022 |title=A nyctitheriid insectivore (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of Asian affinity from the early Eocene of India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=1157–1165 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002 |bibcode=2022HBio...34.1157D |s2cid=238735010 |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Krishna |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |last3=Pandey |first3=Pragya |last4=Ghosh |first4=Triparna |last5=Bhattacharya |first5=Debasish |year=2022 |title=Hybodont sharks from the Jurassic of Jaisalmer, western India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2021.1954920 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=953–963 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1954920 |bibcode=2022HBio...34..953K |s2cid=238781606 |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carolin |first=Nora |last2=Mandal |first2=Nivedita |last3=Maurya |first3=Abhayanand Singh |last4=Bajpai |first4=Sunil |date=2026-02-12 |title=First Neogene bat from India: implications for a possible radiation of Vespertilioninae during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2025.2611988 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2025.2611988 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He has also been involved in studies of latest [[Cretaceous]]-[[Paleocene]] faunas of the Deccan volcanic province of India and their implications in understanding the northward drift of the Indian tectonic plate.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Sankar |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1864/ |title=The Restless Indian Plate and Its Epic Voyage from Gondwana to Asia: Its Tectonic, Paleoclimatic, and Paleobiogeographic Evolution |last2=Scotese |first2=Christopher R |last3=Bajpai |first3=Sunil |date=2017 |publisher=Geological Society of America |isbn=978-0-8137-2529-1 |language=en |doi=10.1130/spe529}}</ref>

In 2023, Bajpai and colleagues reported on ''[[Tharosaurus indicus]]'', India's first [[dicraeosaurid]] dinosaur, from the [[Thar Desert]] of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan state, western India. The fossils were unearthed from Middle Jurassic outcrops of the [[Jaisalmer Formation]]. The taxon likely represents the oldest known record of this group and, seen in conjunction with previously known early Jurassic sauropods from India (''[[Barapasaurus]]'', ''[[Kotasaurus]]''), suggests that what is now India may have been a major centre for neosauropod evolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Datta |first2=Debajit |last3=Pandey |first3=Pragya |last4=Ghosh |first4=Triparna |last5=Kumar |first5=Krishna |last6=Bhattacharya |first6=Debasish |date=2023-08-04 |title=Fossils of the oldest diplodocoid dinosaur suggest India was a major centre for neosauropod radiation |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=12680 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39759-2 |pmid=37542094 |pmc=10403599 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1312680B |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2024, he coauthored the descriptions of what may be the largest known [[madtsoiid]] snake, ''[[Vasuki indicus]]'' from [[Naredi Formation]],<ref name="Vasuki">{{Cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=Debajit |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |date=18 April 2024 |title=Largest known madtsoiid snake from warm Eocene period of India suggests intercontinental Gondwana dispersal |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=8054 |doi=10.1038/s41598-024-58377-0 |pmid=38637509 |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free |pmc=11549349 }}</ref> and the [[mammal]] ''[[Indotriconodon]]'' from the [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Intertrappean Beds]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bajpai |first=Sunil |last2=Rautela |first2=Abhay |last3=Yadav |first3=Ravi |last4=Wilson Mantilla |first4=Gregory P. |date=2024-02-29 |title=The first eutriconodontan mammal from the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2024.2312234 |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2024.2312234 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Education==

Bajpai carried out his Ph.D. studies in [[Paleontology]] from the Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, [[Panjab University]], Chandigarh, in 1990.<ref name="sbajpai">{{Cite web |title=Sunil Bajpai |url=https://iitr.ac.in/~ES/sunilfes |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=iitr.ac.in}}</ref>

==Honors and awards==
* Fellow of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (2008)<ref name="sbajpai"/>
* Fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Academy of Sciences |url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL2007003 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=fellows.ias.ac.in}}</ref>
* National Geoscience Award, Ministry of Mines, Government of India (2014)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mines.gov.in/writereaddata/Content/A_NationalGeoscience_Awardees1995-2012.pdf | title=A compilation of national geoscience awardees 1995-2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921072614/https://www.mines.gov.in/writereaddata/Content/A_NationalGeoscience_Awardees1995-2012.pdf | archive-date=2022-09-21 | publisher=Government of India - Ministry of Mines}}</ref>
* National award for Geosciences and Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt of India (2018)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.moes.gov.in/sites/default/files/Sunil_Bajpai_1_1.pdf | title=National Award for Geoscience & Technology - Prof. Sunil Bajpai | year=2018 | publisher=Ministry of Earth Sciences | website=www.moes.gov.in | access-date=2024-05-14}}</ref>
* ''[https://www.marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1407326 Ptilotrypa bajpaii]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Swami |first1=Narendra K. |last2=Ernst |first2=Andrej |last3=Tripathi |first3=Satish C. |last4=Barman |first4=Prasenjit |last5=Bharti |first5=S.K. |last6=Rana |first6=Y.P. |year=2019 |title=A new cryptostome bryozoan Ptilotrypa from the Upper Ordovician Yong Limestone Formation: Tethyan sequence of Kumaun Higher Himalaya, India |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=585–591 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.94 |bibcode=2019JPal...93..585S |s2cid=135358848 |issn=0022-3360}}</ref> a fossil bryozoan, and ''Limnocythere bajpaii''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khosla |first1=S. C. |last2=Nagori |first2=M. L. |year=2007 |title=Ostracoda from the Inter-trappean Beds of Mohgaon-Haveli, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh |journal=Journal of the Geological Society of India |s2cid=134191312 |language=en}}</ref> a fossil ostracod are named after Bajpai in recognition of his contributions

==Collaborators==

[[Hans Thewissen|J. G. M. Thewissen]], the Dutch-American Paleontologist from the [[Northeast Ohio Medical University]], Rootstow, whose research is mainly focused on whale evolution, and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGh78Ou6Zx4 Daryl Domning] from [[Howard University]], [[Washington D.C.]], specialist of fossil sirenians have been the main collaborators of Bajpai.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Thewissen |first2=J. G. M. |last3=Kapur |first3=Vivesh Vir |last4=Tiwari |first4=B. N. |last5=Sahni |first5=Ashok |year=2006 |title=Eocene and Oligocene sirenians (Mammalia) from Kachchh, India |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282006%2926%5B400%3AEAOSMF%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=400–410 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[400:EAOSMF]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=86682899 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Nummela |first1=Sirpa |last2=Thewissen |first2=J. G. M. |last3=Bajpai |first3=Sunil |last4=Hussain |first4=S. Taseer |last5=Kumar |first5=Kishor |year=2004 |title=Eocene evolution of whale hearing |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature02720 |journal=Nature |volume=430 |issue=7001 |pages=776–778 |doi=10.1038/nature02720|pmid=15306808 |bibcode=2004Natur.430..776N |s2cid=4372872 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Domning |first2=Daryl P. |year=1997 |title=A new dugongine sirenian from the early Miocene of India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1997.10010965 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=219–228 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1997.10010965 |bibcode=1997JVPal..17..219B |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Baipai |first1=Sunil |last2=Domning |first2=Daryl P. |last3=Das |first3=D.P. |last4=Velez-Juarbe |first4=Jorge |last5=Mishra |first5=V. P. |year=2010 |title=A new fossil sirenian (Mammalia, Dugonginae) from the Miocene of India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0082 |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=258 |issue=1 |pages=39–50 |doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0082 |issn=0077-7749|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Selected publications==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=Sunil |last2=Gingerich |first2=Philip D. |year=1998 |title=A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA |language=en |volume=95 |issue=26 |pages=15464–15468 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.26.15464 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=28065 |pmid=9860991|bibcode=1998PNAS...9515464B |doi-access=free }}
* Bajpai, Sunil; Kapur, Vivesh V; Das, Debasis P; Tiwari, B N; Saravanan, N; Sharma, Ritu (2005). [http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/publication.php Early Eocene land mammals from the Vastan Lignite Mine, District Surat (Gujarat), western India] Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India.
* Bajpai, Sunil; Kay, Richard F.; Williams, Blythe A.; Das, Debasis P.; Kapur, Vivesh V.; Tiwari, B. N. (2008). "The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA''. '''105''' (32): 11093–11098. [[doi:10.1073/pnas.0804159105]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0027-8424.
* {{Cite journal | author1=Bajpai, S. | author2=Sahni, A. | year=2009 | title= India's fossil biota: Current perspectives and Emerging Approaches | journal=Journal of Biosciences | volume=34 | issue=5, special issue | doi=10.1007/s12038-009-0082-7 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Spoor |first1=F. |last2=Bajpai |first2=S. |last3=Hussain |first3=S. T. |last4=Kumar |first4=K. |last5=Thewissen |first5=J. G. M. |year=2002 |title=Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/417163a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=417 |issue=6885 |pages=163–166 |doi=10.1038/417163a |pmid=12000957 |bibcode=2002Natur.417..163S |s2cid=4331789 |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Thewissen |first1=J. G. M. |last2=Cooper |first2=Lisa Noelle |last3=Clementz |first3=Mark T. |last4=Bajpai |first4=Sunil |last5=Tiwari |first5=B. N. |year=2007 |title=Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature06343 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=450 |issue=7173 |pages=1190–1194 |doi=10.1038/nature06343 |pmid=18097400 |bibcode=2007Natur.450.1190T |s2cid=4416444 |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://iitr.ac.in/Careers/static/DOFA/2022/Institute_Chair_Professor_and_Professorial_Chair.pdf Sunil Bajpai, Institute Chair Professor, IIT Roorkee]
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajpai, Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian paleontologists]]
[[Category:Vertebrate paleontologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)

2026-02-13T13:58:13Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: fixed issues

{{Short description|Former state in India with Hyderabad as its capital}}
{{About|a former state|the present-day state|Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}


{{Infobox former subdivision
| conventional_long_name = United Andhra Pradesh
| native_name = ''Āndhra Pradēś''
| status_text = Former [[States and union territories of India|State]] of [[India]]
| era =
| year_start = 1956
| date_start = [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|1 November]]
| event_start = State established
| year_end = 2014
| date_end = [[Telangana Day|02 June]]
| event_end = State bifurcated
| capital = [[Hyderabad]]
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| p1 = Andhra State
| p2 = Hyderabad State (1948–1956)
| s1 = Andhra Pradesh
| s2 = Telangana
| flag_p1 =
| flag_p2 = Emblem of Hyderabad State (1948–1956).svg
| flag_s1 =
| flag_s2 =
| image_flag =
| image_coat = Emblem of Andhra Pradesh before 2014.svg
| image_map =
| image_map_caption = Emblem of United Andhra
| image_map2 = Andhra Pradesh in India (claims hatched).svg
| image_map2_caption = Map of the United Andhra Pradesh
| stat_area1 = {{convert|106193|mi2|km2|0|disp=number}}
| stat_year1 = until 2014
| stat_pop2 = 84,665,533
| stat_year2 = [[2011 census of India|2011 Census]]
| footnotes =
| common_name =
| flag_type =
| flag = State
| government_type = [[Federated state]]
| title_leader = Chief Minister
| leader1 = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] ('''First''')
| year_leader1 = 1956–1960
| leader2 = [[Kiran Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]] ('''Last''')
| year_leader2 = 2010–2014
| title_deputy = [[United Andhra Pradesh#Governors of United Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]
| deputy1 = [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]] ('''First''')
| year_deputy1 = 1956–1957
| deputy2 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] ('''Last''')
| year_deputy2 = 2009–2014
| native_name_lang = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]/[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
}}
[[File:Andhra-India 1953.svg|thumb|[[Andhra State]] (1953–1956)]]
[[File:Hyderabad in India (1951).svg|thumb|[[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]]
(1948–1956)]]

'''Andhra Pradesh''', retrospectively referred to as '''United Andhra Pradesh''' or '''Undivided Andhra Pradesh''', was a state in [[India]] formed by [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] with [[Hyderabad]] as its capital and was reorganised by [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of [[Telangana]], [[Rayalaseema]], and [[Coastal Andhra]]. Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]], whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of [[Andhra State]], formerly a part of [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]].

== Creation of United Andhra Pradesh ==
[[File:Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.png|right|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Andhra State]] (yellow), which merged with [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad state]] (white) to form the State of Andhra Pradesh in 1956]]
[[File:South Indian territories.svg|thumb|Map of [[Southern India]] (1953–1956) before the [[States Reorganisation Act]] of 1956|300px]]

To gain an independent state based on linguistic identity, and to protect the interests of the [[Telugu people]] of [[Madras State]], [[Potti Sreeramulu]] fasted to death in 1952. As Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a JVP committee report stated: "Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)". After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of [[Andhra State]] was carved out of Madras State on 30 November 1953, with [[Kurnool]] as its capital city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html#Emergence |title=Post-Independence Era, then and now |publisher=aponline.gov.in |access-date=3 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220113947/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref> On the basis of the [[Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956|gentlemen's agreement]] of 1 November 1956, the [[States Reorganisation Act]] formed [[Andhra Pradesh]] by merging Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of the then-existing [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]].<ref name="Know Hyderabad">{{cite web |title=Know Hyderabad: History |url=http://hyderabadonline.in/Profile/History/ |publisher=Pan India Network |year=2010 |access-date=5 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921144224/http://hyderabadonline.in/Profile/History/ |archive-date=21 September 2010 }}</ref> [[Hyderabad]] was made the capital of the new state. The [[Marathwada|Marathi-speaking areas]] of Hyderabad State merged with [[Bombay State]] which later bifurcated in [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] and the [[Kalyana-Karnataka|Kannada-speaking areas]] were merged with [[Mysore State]] which was later renamed as [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news|title=How Andhra Pradesh celebrated its formation day|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/VV0zfU1m7i3tGpwPY1OJ0J/How-a-divided-Andhra-celebrated-its-formation-day.html|newspaper=Live Mint|date=1 November 2013|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>

In February 2014, the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]] bill was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] for the formation of the [[Telangana]] state comprising [[List of districts in Telangana|ten districts]]. [[Hyderabad]] will remain as a joint capital for not exceeding ten years.<ref name=reorganisation>{{cite web |title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf |website=India Code Legislative Department |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice |access-date=14 July 2015 |page=2 |date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034307/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Telangana-State-to-Be-Born-on-June-2/2014/03/04/article2090470.ece|title=Telangana State to Be Born on June 2|newspaper=The New Indian Express|agency=IANS|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706093144/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Telangana-State-to-Be-Born-on-June-2/2014/03/04/article2090470.ece|archive-date=6 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Number of petitions questioning the validity of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 have long been pending for the verdict since April 2014 before the [[Supreme court of India|supreme court]] constitutional bench.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/supreme-court-refers-telangana-petitions-to-constitution-bench-492795|title=Supreme court refers Telangana petitions to constitution bench|publisher=NDTV|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042049/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/supreme-court-refers-telangana-petitions-to-constitution-bench-492795|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The story of India's 29th State — Telangana|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/The-story-of-Indias-29th-State-%E2%80%94-Telangana/article14384461.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 June 2016|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>

The Visalandhra, Vishalandhra or Vishala Andhra was a movement in post-independence India for a united state for all Telugu speakers, a Greater Andhra (Telugu: విశాలాంధ్ర Viśālāndhra). This movement was led by the Communist Party of India under the banner of Andhra Mahasabha with a demand to merge all the Telugu-speaking areas into one state. {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} (The Communist Party of India demanded the formation of similar linguistic states across India.) The movement succeeded and a separate state of Andhra Pradesh was formed by merging Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad State (Telangana) with Andhra State on 1 November 1956 as part of the States Reorganisation Act. (Andhra State had been previously carved out of Madras State on 1 October 1953.) However, on 2 June 2014, Telangana State separated again from Andhra Pradesh and the Vishalandhra movement came to an end. The residual Andhra Pradesh now has approximately the same borders.

=== History ===
{{See also|Andhra State|Visalandhra movement|Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)}}
<gallery>
File:Potti Sreeramulu.png|[[Potti Sreeramulu]], whose fast unto death in 1952 led to the formation of [[Andhra State]]
File:NagarjunaSagarDam.JPG| [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]] (completed in 1967)
File:Mee_seva_office_in_Velagapudi.jpg |[[Mee Seva (Andhra Pradesh)|Mee Seva office]] (initial launch of the E-Seva Project in 2001)
</gallery>
To gain an independent state based on linguistic identity and to protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of [[Madras State]], [[Potti Sreeramulu]] fasted to death in 1952. As the city of Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a committee with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], and [[Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya|Pattabhi Sitaramayya]] was constituted. The committee recommended that Andhra State could be formed provided the Andhras gave up their claim on the city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]). After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of [[Andhra State]] was carved out of [[Madras State]] on 1 October 1953, with [[Kurnool]] as its capital city. [[Tanguturi Prakasam]] became the [[Chief minister (India)|first chief minister]]. Based on the [[Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956]], the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act]] created Andhra Pradesh by merging the neighbouring Telugu-speaking areas of the [[Hyderabad State]] with Hyderabad as the capital on 1 November 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html#Emergence |title=Post-independence era, then and now |publisher=aponline.gov.in |access-date=3 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220113947/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref>

The [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ruled the state from 1956 to 1982. [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] became the first [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister]]. Among other chief ministers, [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] is known for implementing land reforms and land ceiling acts and securing a reservation for lower castes in politics.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=P.V. Narasimha Rao |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=17 May 2023 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602181221/https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]], completed in 1967, and [[Srisailam Dam]], completed in 1981, are some of the irrigation projects that helped increase the production of paddy in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/33040/1/BMKR-KSR.pdf |title=Irrigation development in Andhra Pradesh |last1=B |first1=M K Reddy |last2=K |first2=S Reddy |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601061200/https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/33040/1/BMKR-KSR.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1983, the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) won the state elections, and [[N. T. Rama Rao]] became the chief minister of the state for the first time after launching his party just nine months earlier.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article62061789.ece |title=N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline |date=28 May 2017 |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=The Hindu |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601112102/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article62061789.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> This broke the long-time single-party monopoly enjoyed by the INC. He transformed the sub-district administration by forming mandals in place of earlier taluks, removing hereditary village heads, and appointing non-hereditary village revenue assistants.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The mandal System in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh |journal=Economic & Political Weekly |url=http://www.isec.ac.in/PE_LV_12_210320_Anil_Kumar_Vaddiraju.pdf |last=Vaddiraju |first=Anil kumar |date=21 March 2020 |volume=LV |issue=12 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601061159/http://www.isec.ac.in/PE_LV_12_210320_Anil_Kumar_Vaddiraju.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989 elections]] ended the rule of Rao, with the INC returning to power with [[Marri Chenna Reddy]] at the helm. In [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]], Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to the Telugu Desam Party again, and Rao became the chief minister again. [[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]], Rao's son-in-law, came to power in 1995 with the backing of a majority of the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]]. The Telugu Desam Party won both the [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|assembly]] and [[Lok Sabha]] [[1999 Indian general election|elections]] in 1999 under the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu. Thus, Naidu held the record for the longest-serving chief minister (1995–2004) of the united Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401839/Nara-Chandrababu-Naidu|title= Length of time as chief minister|access-date= 20 December 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195811/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401839/Nara-Chandrababu-Naidu|archive-date= 10 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He introduced [[e-governance]] by launching ''[[Mee Seva (Andhra Pradesh)|e-Seva]]'' centres in 2001 for paperless and speedy delivery of government services. He is credited with transforming Hyderabad into an IT hub by providing incentives for tech companies to set up centres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=KTR's admission: Chandrababu Naidu helped IT grow in Hyderabad |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ktrs-admission-chandrababu-naidu-helped-it-grow-in-hyderabad/articleshow/62079640.cms |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=Economic Times |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601110753/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ktrs-admission-chandrababu-naidu-helped-it-grow-in-hyderabad/articleshow/62079640.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]], Congress returned to power with a new chief ministerial face, [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|YS Rajashekara Reddy]], better known as YSR. The main emphasis during Reddy's tenure was on social welfare schemes such as free electricity for farmers, health insurance, tuition fee reimbursement for the poor, and the national rural employment guarantee scheme. He took over the free emergency ambulance service initiated by a corporation and ran it as a government project. INC won the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009 elections]] under the leadership of YSR in April.<ref>{{Cite news |title=YSR: From aggressive politician to mass leader |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/YSR-From-aggressive-politician-to-mass-leader/article16878912.ece |last=PTI |date=3 September 2009 |access-date=20 June 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> He was elected chief minister again but was killed in a [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash|helicopter crash]] that occurred in September 2009. He was succeeded by Congressmen [[Konijeti Rosaiah]] and [[Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]; the latter resigned over the impending division of the state to form [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/kiran-beats-pv-rosaiah-anjaiah-in-tenure/article4132949.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 November 2012|title=Kiran beats PV, Rosaiah, Anjaiah in tenure|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220234650/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/kiran-beats-pv-rosaiah-anjaiah-in-tenure/article4132949.ece|archive-date=20 December 2013|url-status=live|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

During its 58 years as a unified state, the state weathered separatist [[Telangana movement|movements from Telangana]] (1969) and [[1972 Jai Andhra movement|Andhra]] (1972) successfully.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1812/18120450.htm |title=Bitter memories |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=14 September 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122051815/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1812/18120450.htm |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> A new party called [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|Telangana Rashtra Samithi]], formed in April 2001 by [[K. Chandrashekar Rao|Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]] (KCR), reignited the Telangana movement. A joint action committee formed with political parties, government employees, and the general public spearheaded the agitation. When KCR's health deteriorated due to his fast-unto-death undertaking, the central government decided to initiate the process of forming an independent Telangana in December 2009. This triggered the [[Samaikyandhra Movement|Samaikyandhra movement]] to keep the state united. The [[Srikrishna Committee|Srikrishna committee]] was formed to give recommendations on how to deal with the situation. It gave its report in December 2010.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/d2011010502.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015120218/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/d2011010502.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2011|year=2010|title=Committee for consultations on the situation in Andhra Pradesh Report |url-status=dead}}</ref> The agitations continued for nearly 5 years, with the Telangana side harping on the marginalisation of food culture, language, and unequal economic development and the Samaikyandhra movement focusing on the shared culture, language, customs, and historical unity of Telugu-speaking regions.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maheshwari|first=R. Uma|date=31 July 2013|title=A state that must fulfil a higher purpose|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-state-that-must-fulfil-a-higher-purpose/article4971018.ece|access-date=20 July 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720100010/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-state-that-must-fulfil-a-higher-purpose/article4971018.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act]] bill was passed by the [[parliament of India]] for the formation of the Telangana state, comprising [[List of districts of Telangana|ten districts]], despite opposition by the state legislature.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-challenge-to-indian-federalism/article5278609.ece |title=A challenge to Indian federalism |date=28 October 2013 |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=The Hindu |author=Jayaprakash Narayan }}</ref> The bill included the provision to retain [[Hyderabad]] as the capital for up to ten years and the provision to ensure access to educational institutions for the same period.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf |title=The Andhra Pradesh reorganisation act, 2014 |last=ICLD |year=2014 |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034307/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015 |page=2}}</ref> The bill received the assent of the president and was published in the gazette on 1 March 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223043/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the [[president of India]], with the residual state continuing as Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Telangana-State-to-Be-Born-on-June-2/2014/03/04/article2090470.ece|title=Telangana state formation gazette|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706093144/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Telangana-State-to-Be-Born-on-June-2/2014/03/04/article2090470.ece|archive-date=6 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The present form of Andhra Pradesh is the same as that of [[Andhra State]], except for [[Bhadrachalam]] town, which continues in Telangana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Explained: Why was Andhra's three-capital act controversial |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/explained-andhras-three-capital-act-the-plan-and-the-hurdles-2620680 |access-date=22 November 2021 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122145326/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/explained-andhras-three-capital-act-the-plan-and-the-hurdles-2620680 |url-status=live }}</ref> A number of petitions questioning the validity of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act have been pending before the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] constitutional bench since April 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/supreme-court-refers-telangana-petitions-to-constitution-bench-492795|title=Supreme court refers Telangana petitions to constitution bench|publisher=NDTV|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042049/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/supreme-court-refers-telangana-petitions-to-constitution-bench-492795|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the final elections held in the unified state in [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]], the TDP got a mandate in its favour, defeating its nearest rival, the [[YSR Congress Party]], a breakaway faction of the Congress founded by [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]], son of former Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], the chief of the TDP, became the chief minister on 8 June 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://deccan-journal.com/content/cbn-take-oath-june-8th|title=CBN to be sworn as CM of Andhra on June 8th|work=Deccan-Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714011154/http://deccan-journal.com/content/cbn-take-oath-june-8th|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> In 2017, [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|the government of Andhra Pradesh]] began operating from its new greenfield capital, [[Amaravati]], for which 33,000 acres were acquired from farmers through an innovative land pooling scheme.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh to get new capital Amaravati today, PM Modi to inaugurate|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-andhra-pradeshs-new-capital-amaravati-today-1235078|access-date=9 March 2021|work=NDTV|date=22 October 2015|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414060455/https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-andhra-pradeshs-new-capital-amaravati-today-1235078|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=P|first=Ashish|date=2 March 2017|title=Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu inaugurates new Andhra Pradesh assembly|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/new-andhra-pradesh-assembly-chandrababu-naidu-velagapudi-guntur-district-963618-2017-03-02|access-date=9 March 2021|work=India Today|language=en|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414060454/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/new-andhra-pradesh-assembly-chandrababu-naidu-velagapudi-guntur-district-963618-2017-03-02|url-status=live}}</ref> Interstate issues with Telangana relating to the division of assets of public sector institutions and organisations of the united state and the division of river waters are not yet resolved.<ref name="assets">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/explained-the-stalemate-between-telangana-and-ap/article66362399.ece |title=Explained : The stalemate between Telangana and AP |date=10 January 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=The Hindu |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529051059/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/explained-the-stalemate-between-telangana-and-ap/article66362399.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="krishna-sharing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/explained-the-telangana-andhra-pradesh-water-dispute/article66880971.ece |title=Explained : The Telangana- Andhra Pradesh water dispute |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=The Hindu |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529045556/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/explained-the-telangana-andhra-pradesh-water-dispute/article66880971.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== United Andhra Pradesh demographics ===
{{Historical populations
| footnote = ''Includes [[Telangana]].''
| source = Census of India<ref name=demographics>{{cite web |title=Demography |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |website=Official portal of Andhra Pradesh Government |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| align=center
| 1961 | 35983000
| 1971 | 43503000
| 1981 | 53550000
| 1991 | 66508000
| 2001 | 75727000
| 2011 | 84665533
}}

{{See also|Visalandhra movement}}

== List of governors ==
''Data from Andhra Pradesh State Portal''.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Governors |url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=241 |website=AP State Portal |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=27 August 2018 |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075513/https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=241 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |#
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Governor {{small|{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}}}
! colspan="3" |Term of the office
! rowspan="2" |Home state
! rowspan="2" |Previous post
! rowspan="2" |[[President of India|Appointed by]]
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
! 1
| [[File:Chandulal_Madhavlal_Trivedi.png|center|138x138px]]
| '''[[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]''' {{small|(1893–1980)}}
| 1 November 1956
| 31 July 1957
| {{ayd|1956|11|01|1957|07|31|format=commas}}
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Andhra state#Governors of Andhra State|Governor of Andhra state]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|-
! 2
| [[File:Bhim_Sen_Sachar.png|center|120x120px]]
| '''[[Bhim Sen Sachar]]''' {{small|(1894–1978)}}
| 1 August 1957
| 7 September 1962
| {{ayd|1957|08|01|1962|09|07|format=commas}}
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]]
|-
! 3
| [[File:General_Satyawant_Mallana_Srinagesh.jpg|center|142x142px]]
| '''[[S. M. Shrinagesh]]''' {{small|(1903–1977)}}
| 8 September 1962
| 3 May 1964
| {{ayd|1962|09|08|1964|05|03|format=commas}}
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[List of governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|-
! 4
| [[File:Pattom_A._Thanu_Pillai_(image).jpg|alt=Pattom_A._Thanu_Pillai_(image)|center|144x144px]]
| '''[[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]]''' {{small|(1885–1970)}}
| 4 May 1964
| 10 April 1968
| {{ayd|1964|05|04|1968|04|10|format=commas}}
| [[Kerala]]
| [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]]
|-
! 5
| [[File:Khandubhai_Kasanji_Desai_official_portrait.jpg|142x142px]]
| '''[[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]''' {{small|(1898–1975)}}
| 11 April 1968
| 25 January 1975
| {{ayd|1968|04|11|1975|01|25|format=commas}}
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour]]
| [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]
|-
! 6
| {{dash}}
| '''[[S. Obul Reddy]]''' {{small|(1916–1996)}}
| 25 January 1975
| 9 January 1976
| {{ayd|1975|01|25|1976|01|09|format=commas}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Chief Justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
|-
! 7
| [[File:Mohan Lal Sukhadia 1988 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|center|146x146px]]
| '''[[Mohan Lal Sukhadia]]''' {{small|(1916–1982)}}
| 10 January 1976
| 15 June 1976
| {{ayd|1976|01|10|1976|06|15|format=commas}}
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[List of governors of Karnataka|Governor of Karnataka]]
|-
! 8
| [[File:Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_was_presented_a_purse_of_Rs._1,18,000_(One_Lakh_Eighteen_Thousands)_by_Dr._R._D._Bhandare_(cropped).jpg|center|102x102px]]
| '''[[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]]''' {{small|(1916–1988)}}
| 16 June 1976
| 16 February 1977
| {{ayd|1976|06|16|1977|02|16|format=commas}}
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[List of governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]]
|-
! 9
| {{dash}}
| '''[[B. J. Divan]]''' {{small|(1919–2012)}}
| 17 February 1977
| 4 May 1977
| {{ayd|1977|02|17|1977|05|04|format=commas}}
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Chief Justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| rowspan="2" |[[B. D. Jatti]] ''(acting)''
|-
! 10
| [[File:Sharda_Mukherjee_official_portrait.gif|center|127x127px]]
| '''[[Sharda Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1919–2007)}}
| 5 May 1977
| 14 August 1978
| {{ayd|1977|05|05|1978|08|14|format=commas}}
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|-
! 11
| {{dash}}
| '''[[K. C. Abraham]]''' {{small|(1899–1986)}}
| 15 August 1978
| 14 August 1983
| {{ayd|1978|08|15|1983|08|14|format=commas}}
| [[Kerala]]
| [[Indian National Congress|Member of the Indian National Congress]]
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|-
! 12
| [[File:Thakur_Ram_Lal.jpg|center|126x126px]]
| '''[[Thakur Ram Lal]]''' {{small|(1929–2002)}}
| 15 August 1983
| 29 August 1984
| {{ayd|1983|08|15|1984|08|29|format=commas}}
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Giani Zail Singh]]
|-
! 13
| [[File:Shankar_Dayal_Sharma_36.jpg|center|137x137px]]
| '''[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]''' {{small|(1918–1999)}}
| 29 August 1984
| 26 November 1985
| {{ayd|1984|08|29|1985|11|26|format=commas}}
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 14
| [[File:Kumudben_Joshi.jpg|center|128x128px]]
| '''[[Kumudben Joshi]]''' {{small|(1934–2022)}}
| 26 November 1985
| 7 February 1990
| {{ayd|1985|11|26|1990|02|07|format=commas}}
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Minister of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Deputy Minister of Health and Family Welfare]]
|-
! 15
| [[File:Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg|center|100x100px]]
| '''[[Krishan Kant]]''' {{small|(1927–2002)}}
| 7 February 1990
| 21 August 1997
| {{ayd|1990|02|07|1997|08|21|format=commas}}
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| [[R. Venkataraman]]
|-
! style="background:wheat;" |Acting
| {{dash}}
| '''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]''' {{small|(1915–2001)}}
| style="background:wheat;"| 22 August 1997
| style="background:wheat;"| 23 November 1997
| {{ayd|1997|08|22|1997|11|23|format=commas}}
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]]
| rowspan="2" |[[K. R. Narayanan]]
|-
! 16
| [[File:C._Rangrajan_at_the_Conference_on_"Fiscal_Policy_in_India"_(cropped).jpg|center|124x124px]]
| '''[[C. Rangarajan]]''' {{small|(1932–)}}
| 24 November 1997
| 3 January 2003
| {{ayd|1997|11|24|2003|01|03|format=commas}}
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Governors of the Reserve Bank of India|Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]]
|-
! 17
| [[File:H_E_Shri_Surjit_Singh_Barnala.jpg|center|149x149px]]
| '''[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]''' {{small|(1925–2017)}}
| 3 January 2003
| 3 November 2004
| {{ayd|2003|01|03|2004|11|03|format=commas}}
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[Governor of Uttarakhand]]
| rowspan="3" |[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
|-
! 18
| [[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|125x125px]]
| '''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|(1941–)}}
| 4 November 2004
| 29 January 2006
| {{ayd|2004|11|04|2006|01|29|format=commas}}
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
|-
! style="background:wheat;" |Acting
| [[File:The_Governor_of_Karnataka,_Shri_Rameshwar_Thakur_in_Bangalore_on_January_13,_2008.jpg|center|126x126px]]
| '''[[Rameshwar Thakur]]''' {{small|(1925–2015)}}
| style="background:wheat;"| 29 January 2006
| style="background:wheat;"| 22 August 2007
| {{ayd|2006|01|29|2007|08|22|format=commas}}
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]]
|-
! 19
| [[File:Shri_Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari.jpg|center|137x137px]]
| '''[[N. D. Tiwari]]''' {{small|(1925–2018)}}
| 22 August 2007
| 27 December 2009
| {{ayd|2007|08|22|2009|12|27|format=commas}}
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Pratibha Patil]]
|-
! style="background:wheat;" |Acting
| rowspan="3" |[[File:E.S.L._Narasimhan.jpg|center|131x131px]]
| rowspan="3" |'''[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]''' {{small|(1945–)}}
| style="background:wheat;" |27 December 2009
| style="background:wheat;" |22 January 2010
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|2009|12|27|2019|7|23|format=commas}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Governor of Chhattisgarh]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |20
| 23 January 2010
| 1 June 2014
|-
|}

== List of chief ministers ==
On 1 November 1956, [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]] ceased to exist; its [[Gulbarga division|Gulbarga]] and [[Aurangabad division]]s were merged into [[Mysore State]] and [[Bombay State]] respectively. Its remaining [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking portion, [[Telangana]], was merged with [[Andhra State]] to form the new state of [[United Andhra Pradesh]]. Sanjiva Reddy was the first chief minister.

[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] was the first chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh, [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] of [[Telugu Desam Party]] was the longest served chief minister and Bhaskar Rao was the shortest serving both belonging to TDP. [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] was the last chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh.
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |#
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Chief Minister {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Term)}}
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Government
! rowspan="2" style="width:10em" |Appointed by (Governor)
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
! rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]''' {{small|(1913{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Srikalahasti Assembly constituency|Srikalahasti]]}}
| rowspan="2" |1 November 1956
| rowspan="2" |11 January 1960
| rowspan="2" |'''{{ayd|1 November 1956|11 January 1960}}'''
|[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]] {{small|(1st)}}
| rowspan="6" | [[Indian National Congress]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Neelam I'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]] {{small|(2nd)}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Neelam II'''
|-
!2
|[[File:Damodaram Sanjivayya 2008 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}1972) MLA for [[Kurnool Assembly constituency|Kurnool]]}}
|11 January 1960
|12 March 1962
|'''{{ayd|11 January 1960|12 March 1962}}'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Sanjivayya'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhim Sen Sachar]]
|-
!(1)
|[[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]''' {{small|(1913{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Dhone Assembly constituency|Dhone]]}}
|12 March 1962
|21 February 1964
|'''{{ayd|12 March 1962|21 February 1964}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] {{small|(3rd)}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Neelam III'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |3
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]''' {{small|(1909{{ndash}}1994) MLA for [[Narasaraopet Assembly constituency|Narasaraopet]]}}
| rowspan="2" |21 February 1964
| rowspan="2" |30 September 1971
| rowspan="2" |'''{{ayd|21 February 1964|30 September 1971}}'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Kasu I'''
|[[Satyawant Mallannah Shrinagesh]]
|-
|[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] {{small|(4th)}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''Kasu II'''
|[[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]]
|-
!4
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|[[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2004) MLA for [[Manthani Assembly constituency|Manthani]]}}
|30 September 1971
|10 January 1973
|'''{{ayd|30 September 1971|10 January 1973}}'''
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
| [[Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము (ఇందిరమ్మ)'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"| '''Narasimha'''
|[[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]
|-
! colspan="11" | {{nobold|''[[President's rule]] '''అధ్యక్ష పాలన''' imposed during the period'' (11 January 1973 {{ndash}} 10 December 1973)}}{{efn|name=PR|''[[President's rule]]'' may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When the President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005.</ref>}}
|-
!5
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}1999) MLA for Vemsoor}}
|10 December 1973
|6 March 1978
|'''{{ayd|10 December 1973|6 March 1978}}'''
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
| [[Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము (ఇందిరమ్మ)'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" | '''Jalagam'''
|[[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]
|-
!6
|rowspan=4 bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:DrMChannaReddy (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Medchal Assembly constituency|Medchal]]}}
|6 March 1978
|11 October 1980
|'''{{ayd|6 March 1978|11 October 1980}}'''
| rowspan="4" |[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] {{small|(6th)}}
| rowspan=4 |[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము (ఇందిరమ్మ)'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| '''Marri I'''
|[[Sharda Mukherjee]]
|-
!7
|[[File:Tanguturi Anjayya statue (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Tanguturi Anjaiah]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1986) [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|MLC]]}}
|11 October 1980
|24 February 1982
|'''{{ayd|11 October 1980|24 February 1982}}'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| '''Anjaiah'''
| rowspan="4" |[[K. C. Abraham]]
|-
!8
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy|Bhavanam Venkata Ramireddy]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2002) [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|MLC]]}}
|24 February 1982
|20 September 1982
|'''{{ayd|24 February 1982|20 September 1982}}'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| '''Bhavanam'''
|-
!9
|[[File:Kaderbad Ravindranath with Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}2001) MLA for [[Kurnool Assembly constituency|Kurnool]]}}
|20 September 1982
|9 January 1983
|'''{{ayd|20 September 1982|9 January 1983}}'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| '''Kotla I'''
|-
!10
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]}}
|9 January 1983
|16 August 1984
|'''{{ayd|9 January 1983|16 August 1984}}'''
| rowspan="3" |[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] {{small|(7th)}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party]] '''తెలుగుదేశం పక్షము'''
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[First N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Rao I]]'''
|-
!11
| bgcolor="#F8DE7E" |
|[[File:Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, June 2017.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. Bhaskara Rao|Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1935) MLA for [[Vemuru Assembly constituency|Vemuru]]}}
|16 August 1984
|16 September 1984
|'''{{ayd|16 August 1984|16 September 1984}}'''
| [[Telugu Desam Party|Telugu Desam Party (Rebel)]] '''తెలుగుదేశం పక్షము (తిరుగుబాటుదారు)'''
| bgcolor="#F8DE7E" | '''Nadendla'''
|[[Thakur Ram Lal]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |(10)
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]}} {{small|1984{{ndash}}1985}} {{small|MLA for [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupuram]]}} {{small|1985{{ndash}}1989}}
|16 September 1984
|9 March 1985
|'''{{ayd|16 September 1984|9 March 1985}}'''
| rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]] '''తెలుగుదేశం పక్షము'''
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[Second N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Rao II]]'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|-
|9 March 1985
|3 December 1989
|'''{{ayd|9 March 1985|3 December 1989}}'''
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] {{small|(8th)}}
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[Third N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Rao III]]'''
|-
!(6)
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[File:DrMChannaReddy (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Sanathnagar Assembly constituency|Sanathnagar]]}}
|3 December 1989
|17 December 1990
|'''{{ayd|3 December 1989|17 December 1990}}'''
| rowspan="3" |[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] {{small|(9th)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము (ఇందిరమ్మ)'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| '''Marri II'''
|[[Kumudben Joshi]]
|-
!12
|[[File:N. Janardhana Reddy (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. Janardhana Reddy|Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2014) MLA for [[Venkatagiri Assembly constituency|Venkatagiri]]}}
|17 December 1990
|9 October 1992
|'''{{ayd|17 December 1990|9 October 1992}}'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" | '''Janardhana'''
| rowspan="4" |[[Krishan Kant]]
|-
!(9)
|[[File:Kaderbad Ravindranath with Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}2001) MLA for [[Panyam Assembly constituency|Panyam]]}}
|9 October 1992
|12 December 1994
|'''{{ayd|9 October 1992|12 December 1994}}'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" | '''Kotla II'''
|-
!(10)
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupuram]]}}
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|'''{{ayd|12 December 1994|1 September 1995}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] {{small|(10th)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Telugu Desam Party]] '''తెలుగుదేశం పక్షము'''
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Rao IV]]'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |[[File:N. Chandrababu Naidu (cropped)1.jpg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MLA for [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]}}
|1 September 1995
|11 October 1999
|'''{{ayd|1 September 1995|11 October 1999}}'''
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu I]]'''
|-
|11 October 1999
|14 May 2004
|'''{{ayd|11 October 1999|14 May 2004}}'''
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] {{small|(11th)}}
| bgcolor="#F5EC7D" | '''[[Second N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu II]]'''
|[[C. Rangarajan]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy in Delhi on 10 December 2008 (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1949{{ndash}}2009) MLA for [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]}}
|14 May 2004
|20 May 2009
|'''{{ayd|14 May 2004|20 May 2009}}'''
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] {{small|[[12th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(12th)]]}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Indian National Congress]] '''భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్సు పక్షము'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''[[First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Reddy I]]'''
|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
|-
|20 May 2009
|2 September 2009
|'''{{ayd|20 May 2009|2 September 2009}}'''
| rowspan="3" |[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] {{small|[[13th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(13th)]]}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''[[Second Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Reddy II]]'''
| rowspan="2" |[[N. D. Tiwari]]
|-
!15
|[[File:Konijeti Rosaiah BNC.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]''' {{small|(1933{{ndash}}2021) [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|MLC]]}}
|3 September 2009
|25 November 2010
|'''{{ayd|3 September 2009|25 November 2010}}'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''[[Konijeti Rosaiah ministry|Rosaiah]]'''
|-
!16
|[[File:Kiran Kumar Reddy.JPG|97x97px]]
|'''[[Kiran Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]''' {{small|(born 1959) MLA for [[Pileru Assembly constituency|Pileru]]}}
|25 November 2010
|1 March 2014
|'''{{ayd|25 November 2010|1 March 2014}}'''
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" | '''[[Kiran Kumar Reddy ministry|Kiran]]'''
|[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
|-
! colspan="11" | {{nobold|''[[President's rule]] '''అధ్యక్ష పాలన''' imposed during the period'' (1 March 2014 {{ndash}} 1 June 2014)}}{{efn|name=PR}}{{efn|name=PR2|After 58 years, the state was bifurcated into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states on 2 June 2014 by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. After state reorganisation, Andhra Pradesh Sasana sabha seats come down from 294 to 175 seats.}}
|}

== List of Deputy chief ministers ==
The list of deputy [[chief minister]]s in the [[India]]n former state of [[United Andhra Pradesh]] include:

'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class ="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |#
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Deputy Chief Minister {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="2" |Term of the office
! rowspan="2" |Election {{small|(Assembly)}}
! rowspan="2" |Party
! rowspan="2" |[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
! rowspan="2" |'''Government'''
|-
!Term start
!'''Term end'''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Konda_Venkata_Ranga_Reddy,_1952.jpg|center|146x146px]]
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy]]''' {{small|(1890{{ndash}}1970) MLA for [[Chevella Assembly constituency|Chevella]]}}
| 1959
| 11 January 1960
|[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]] {{small|(1st)}}
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Neelam II'''
|-
|11 January 1960
|12 March 1962
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]] {{small|(2nd)}}
|[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Sanjivayya'''
|-
! 2
| [[File:J.V.Narasingarao.jpg|center|156x156px]]
| '''[[J. V. Narsing Rao]]''' {{small|MLA for [[Mancherial Assembly constituency|Luxettipeta]]}}
| 1967
| 30 September 1971
|[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] {{small|(4th)}}
| [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Kasu II'''
|-
! 3
|
| '''[[B. V. Subba Reddy]]''' {{small|(1903{{ndash}}1974)}} {{small|MLA for [[Koilakuntla]]}}
|30 September 1971
|11 November 1972
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Narasimha'''
|-
! colspan="10" | {{nobold|''[[President's rule]] imposed during the period'' (11 January 1973 {{ndash}} 10 December 1973)}}{{efn|name=PR}}
|-
! (3)
|
| '''[[B. V. Subba Reddy]]''' {{small|(1903{{ndash}}1974)}} {{small|MLA for [[Koilakuntla]]}}
|30 December 1973
|7 June 1974
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Vengala'''
|-
! 4
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|
| '''[[C. Jagannatha Rao]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2012) MLA for [[Narsapur Assembly constituency|Narsapur]]}}
| 24 February 1982
| 20 September 1982
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] {{small|(6th)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Bhavanam'''
|-
! 5
|
| '''[[Koneru Ranga Rao]]''' {{small|(1936{{ndash}}2010) MLA for [[Tiruvuru Assembly constituency|Tiruvuru]]}}
| 9 October 1992
| 12 December 1994
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] {{small|(9th)}}
| [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''Kotla I'''
|-
! 6
| [[File:Damodara_Rajanarsimha.jpg|center|144x144px]]
|'''[[Damodar Raja Narasimha]]''' {{small|(born 1958) MLA for [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]]}}
| 10 June 2011<ref>{{cite news |title=Raja Narasimha is deputy CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Raja-Narasimha-is-deputy-CM/articleshow/8808101.cms |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=11 June 2011 |language=en}}</ref>
| 1 February 2014<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reddy |first1=B. Muralidhar |last2=Joshua |first2=Anita |title=Andhra Pradesh to be under President's Rule |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-to-be-under-presidents-rule/article5736028.ece |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=28 February 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] ({{small|[[13th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|13th]]}})
| [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"|'''[[Kiran Kumar Reddy ministry|Kiran]]'''
|-
! colspan="10" | {{nobold|''[[President's rule]] imposed during the period'' (1 March 2014 {{ndash}} 7 June 2014)}}{{efn|name=PR}}{{efn|name=PR2}}
|}

== List of Leaders of opposition in Assembly ==
In fact [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] is the longest-serving leader of the opposition. He served as leader of opposition in [[United Andhra Pradesh|United]] [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] for a period of 2004 – 2014 in Andhra which includes current day [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] states [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] is the last leader of opposition of [[United Andhra Pradesh]] before its bifurcation.
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan=2 |#
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan=2 style="width:16em" |Leader of the opposition {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of the office
! rowspan=2 style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Assembly)}}
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Chief Minister
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em" |Appointed by ([[List of speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]])
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
!rowspan=2 |1
|rowspan=4 bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|rowspan=2 |[[File:Sundaraiah-Puchalapalli.jpg|97x97px]]
|rowspan=2 |'''[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]''' {{small|(1913{{ndash}}1985) MLA for [[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]]}}
|1956
|1957
|'''1 year'''
|[[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1955]] {{small|(1st)}}
|rowspan=4 |[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao]]
|-
|1957
|1962
|'''5 years'''
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]] {{small|(2nd)}}
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
----
[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]
|-
!2
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[T. Nagi Reddy|Tarimela Nagi Reddy]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1976) MLA for [[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency|Puttur]]}}
|1962
|1964
|'''2 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] {{small|(3rd)}}
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| rowspan="4" |[[B. V. Subba Reddy]]
|-
!3
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|1.'''[[Arutla Kamala Devi]]''' {{small| MLA for [[Alair Assembly constituency|Alair]]}} 2.'''Pillalamarri Venkateswarlu''' {{small| MLA for [[Nandigama Assembly constituency|Nandigama]]}}
|1964
|1967
|'''3 years'''
| rowspan="3" |[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Swatantra Party}}"|
|[[File:Gouthu Lachchanna (cropped).png|97x97px]]
|'''[[Gouthu Latchanna]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1976) MLA for [[Sompeta Assembly constituency|Sompeta]]}}
|1967
|1969
|'''2 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] {{small|(4th)}}
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
!5
|
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Nukala Ramachandra Reddy]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1974) MLA for [[Dornakal Assembly constituency|Dornakal]]}}
|1969
|1971
|'''2 years'''
|
|-
!6
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|
|'''Vacant'''
|1972
|1977
|'''5 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao]]
----
[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
| rowspan="2" |Pidatala Ranga Reddy
|-
!7
|
|
|'''Vacant'''
|1977
|1978
|'''1 year'''
|
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
|-
!(4)
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gouthu Lachchanna (cropped).png|97x97px]]
|'''[[Gouthu Latchanna]]''' {{small|(1909{{ndash}}2006) MLA for [[Sompeta Assembly constituency|Sompeta]]}}
|31 March 1978
|1983
|'''5 years'''
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] {{small|(6th)}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
----
[[T. Anjaiah]]
----
[[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]]
----
[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|Divi Kondaiah Chowdary
|-
!8
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Ananthula Madan Mohan]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2004) MLA for [[Siddipet Assembly constituency|Siddipet]]}}
|19 January 1983
|23 November 1984
|'''{{ayd|19 January 1983|23 November 1984}}'''
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] {{small|(7th)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
----
[[N. Bhaskara Rao|Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]
----
[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
|[[Tangi Satyanarayana]]
|-
!9
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Mogaligundla Baga Reddy]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2004) MLA for [[Zahirabad Assembly constituency|Zahirabad]]}}
|14 March 1985
|28 November 1989
|'''{{ayd|14 March 1985|28 November 1989}}'''
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] {{small|(8th)}}
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
|G. Narayana Rao
|-
!10
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]}}
|5 January 1990
|10 December 1994
|'''{{ayd|5 January 1990|10 December 1994}}'''
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] {{small|(9th)}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
----
[[N. Janardhana Reddy|Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]]
----
[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|P. Ramachandra Reddy
|-
!11
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Indian National Congress party MLA, P. Janardhan Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[P. Janardhan Reddy|Paripati Janardhan Reddy]]''' {{small|(1948{{ndash}}2007) MLA for [[Khairatabad Assembly constituency|Khairatabad]]}}
|24 March 1995
|9 October 1999
|'''{{ayd|24 March 1995|9 October 1999}}'''
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] {{small|(10th)}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
----
[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[Yanamala Rama Krishnudu]]
|-
!12
|[[File:Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy in Delhi on 10 December 2008 (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1949{{ndash}}2009) MLA for [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]}}
|12 November 1999
|14 November 2003
|'''{{ayd|12 November 1999|14 November 2003}}'''
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] {{small|(11th)}}
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[K. Prathibha Bharathi]]
|-
!rowspan=2 |13
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|rowspan=2 |[[File:N. Chandrababu Naidu (cropped)1.jpg|97x97px]]
|rowspan=2 |'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MLA for [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]}}
|2 June 2004
|19 May 2009
|'''{{ayd|2 June 2004|19 May 2009}}'''
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] {{small|[[12th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(12th)]]}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]
|[[K. R. Suresh Reddy]]
|-
|19 May 2009
|28 April 2014
|'''{{ayd|19 May 2009|28 April 2014}}'''
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] {{small|[[13th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(13th)]]}}
|[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]
----
[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]
----
[[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|[[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|}

== Creation of Telangana ==
{{See also|Telangana movement|Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Samaikyandhra Movement}}

After decades of protests and agitations, the central government, under the [[United Progressive Alliance]], decided to bifurcate the existing Andhra Pradesh state and on 2 June 2014, the Union Cabinet unilaterally cleared the bill for the creation of Telangana. Lasting for almost 5 decades, it was one of the longest lasting movements for statehood in South India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/cabinet-clears-telangana-bill/article5664852.ece |title=Cabinet clears Telangana Bill |first1=B. Muralidhar |last1=Reddy |first2=Vinay |last2=Kumar |work=The Hindu |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=8 February 2014 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064347/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/cabinet-clears-telangana-bill/article5664852.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 February 2014, the [[Lok Sabha]] passed the bill with a [[voice vote]]. Subsequently, the bill was passed by the [[Rajya Sabha]] two days later, on 20 February.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha passes Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/lok-sabha-passes-andhra-pradesh-reorganization-bill/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064350/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/lok-sabha-passes-andhra-pradesh-reorganization-bill/|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the bill, Hyderabad would be the capital of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of the residual state of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. Hyderabad was the de jure joint capital. On 2 June 2014, [[Telangana]] was created with Hyderabad as its capital

The [[Telangana movement]] refers to a movement for the creation of a state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad.

== See also ==

* [[Telugu states]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)}}
[[Category:1956 establishments in India]]
[[Category:History of Telangana]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh (1947–2014)]]
[[Category:Rayalaseema]]
[[Category:History of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]
[[Category:2014 disestablishments in India]]

Manu Rishi

2026-02-10T20:28:21Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1971)}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manu Rishi
| image = Manurishi Chadha at the special screening of Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Rishi at the special screening of Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|01|03}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| birth_name = Manu Rishi Chadha
| othername =
| occupation = Script and dialogue writer, actor
| yearsactive = 2002-present
| alma_mater = [[Cambridge School Srinivaspuri|Cambridge School]], [[New Delhi]]
| website =
| spouse = {{marriage|Roli Chaturvedi|2013}}
| children = 2
}}
'''Manu Rishi Chadha''' (born 3 January 1971) is an Indian actor, lyricist, script and dialogue writer who works in [[Hindi]] films.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Manu Rishi Chadha: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Manu-Rishi-Chadha|access-date=2020-08-03|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Rishi is trained under [[theatre]] director [[Arvind Gaur]] for six years.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-01|title=No riders, just a fun ride|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-entertainment/no-riders-just-a-fun-ride-808880.html|access-date=2020-08-03|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> He won the [[Filmfare Best Dialogue Award]] in 2009 for ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Lifestyle/Specials/Filmfare-Awards-The-show-begins/articleshow/4205152.cms|title=Filmfare 2009:'Jodha.'bags 5,Priyanka, Hrithik shine|author=Times Reporter|date=2009-03-01|accessdate=2009-03-01|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He also won the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]] Best Dialogue Award for ''Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bollywoodproduct |date=2022-02-01 |title=IIFA Award for Best Dialogue |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/iifa-award-for-best-dialogue/ |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=Bollywood Product |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Manu Rishi Chadha started his acting career in [[Delhi]] with the Asmita theatre group. He has acted in more than 40 plays with director [[Arvind Gaur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fridaymoviez.com/celebrity/biography/manu-rishi|title=Manu Rishi, Biography|access-date=17 July 2017|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063219/http://www.fridaymoviez.com/celebrity/biography/manu-rishi|url-status=dead}}</ref> His major plays are [[Girish Karnad]]'s ''Rakt Kalyan'', [[Mahesh Dattani]]'s ''Final Solutions'', [[Swadesh Deepak]]'s ''Court Martial'', [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', [[Dharamvir Bharati]]'s ''[[Andha Yug]]'', [[Dario Fo]]'s ''[[Accidental Death of an Anarchist]]'' and [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Desire Under the Elms]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sites.google.com/site/asmitatheatre/in-news/prominent-actor-s|title=Asmita Theatre Alumni List|work=Sites.google.com|access-date=2009-03-01}}</ref>

In 2001, he moved to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fridaymoviez.com/celebrity/biography/manu-rishi|title=Manu Rishi, Biography|access-date=17 July 2017|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063219/http://www.fridaymoviez.com/celebrity/biography/manu-rishi|url-status=dead}}</ref> His first film in Bollywood as an actor was ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0330843/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast|title=IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=2014-05-05}}</ref> in which he played the role of a doctor. He has appeared in more than 25 films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nanu-ki-jaanus-manu-rishi-on-his-deep-friendship-with-abhay-deol-writing-a-screenplay-for-rs-1000-and-the-importance-of-pr-4439051.html|title=Nanu Ki Jaanu actor Manu Rishi on fifth film with Abhay Deol: 'It's fun acting with a seasoned professional'|website=First Post|date=20 April 2018
|first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Contributed As
!Notes & Awards
|-
|2002
|''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''
|Doctor
|Actor
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Raghu Romeo]]''
|Zahid
|Actor
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Mixed Doubles (2006 film)|Mixed Doubles]]''
|Zoravar
|Actor
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Ek Chalis Ki Last Local]]''
|Jeetiya
|Actor
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]''
|Bangali
|Actor, Lyricist, Dialogues<ref>{{cite web|author=Khalid Mohamed|date=2008-11-29|title=Review Oye Luckey - Ha ha OK please|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=049abf1b-358b-4bf8-a968-dca5c8b41d02&&Headline=STRONGReview/STRONG:+EMOye+Lucky!+Lucky+Oye!/EM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204094634/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=049abf1b-358b-4bf8-a968-dca5c8b41d02&&Headline=STRONGReview%2FSTRONG%3A+EMOye+Lucky!+Lucky+Oye!%2FEM|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2008|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref>
|Won - [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue]]
Won - [[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue]]
|-
|2008
|''[[Mithya (film)|Mithya]]''
|Nayak
|Actor
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Chance Pe Dance]]''
|Tina's Friend
|Writer, Additional Dialogues, Actor
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Aisha (2010 film)|Aisha]]''
|
|Dialogues<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 2009|title=Manu Rishi to pen Anil Kapoor's 'Ayesha'|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2286188/news#ni0966106|accessdate=28 November 2009}}</ref>
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''
|Inspector
|Guest appearance
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Phas Gaye Re Obama]]''
|Anandprakash "Anni" Rastogi
|Actor
|
|-
|2010
|''10 Ml Love''
|Hanuman in Ram Lila
|Actor
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Soundtrack (film)|Soundtrack]]''
|Doctor M.R. Chadha
|Actor
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Life Ki Toh Lag Gayi]]''
|A.C.P. Rajveer Singh Choutala
|Actor
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]''
|Anay
|Actor, Dialogues
|
|-
|2013
|''[[What the Fish|What The Fish]]''
|Ravi
|Actor
|
|-
|2013
|''Kirchiyaan''
|Minister
|Actor, Dialogue
|Short Film
|-
|2014
|''[[Kya Dilli Kya Lahore]]''
|Samarth Pratap Shastri
|Actor, Dialogue, Writer
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Ankhon Dekhi]]''
|Sharmaji
|Actor
|Screen Best Ensemble Cast Award
|-
|2014
|''[[Ekkees Toppon Ki Salaami]]''
|Shekhar Joshi
|Actor
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]''
|Manu's Lawyer
|Actor
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Nanu Ki Jaanu]]''
|Dabbu
|Writer/Actor
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Rajma Chawal]]''
|Mittal
|Actor
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''
|Inspector Mukhtar Singh
|Actor
|
|-
|2019
|''[[The Zoya Factor (film)|The Zoya Factor]]''
|Jogpal
|Actor
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Setters (film)|Setters]]''
|Balam
|Actor
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]''
|Chaman Tripathi
|Actor
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Doordarshan (film)|Doordarshan]]''
|Sunil Bhateja aka Chiku
|Actor
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Angrezi Medium]]''
|Bheluram Bansal
|Actor
|
|-
|2020
|''[[What Are The Odds]]''
|Rimpu
|Actor
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Laxmii]]''
|Deepak Rajput
|Actor
|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film
|-
|2020
|''[[Halahal]]''
|Randeep Jha
|Actor
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Hum Do Hamare Do]]''
| Dr. Sanjeev Mehra
|Actor
|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film
|-
| rowspan="4"|2022
|''[[Dasvi]]''
| Jailer Satpal Tomar
|Actor
|[[Netflix]] film
|-
|''[[RK/RKay]]''
| Goel
| Actor
|
|-
|''[[Raksha Bandhan (film)|Raksha Bandhan]]''
| Maternal Uncle
| Actor
|
|-
|''[[Phone Bhoot]]''
|
| Actor
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023
|''[[U-Turn (2023 film)|U-Turn]]''
| Indarjeet Singh Dhillon
|Actor
|[[Zee5]] film
|-
|''[[Fukrey 3]]''
| Shunda Singh Ahluwalia
|Actor
|-
|''[[Bhagwan Bharose]]''
|
|Actor
|film
|-
|2025
|''[[Jassi Weds Jassi]]''
|Kartar
|Actor
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Rahu Ketu (2026 film)|Rahu Ketu]]''
|Churu Lal Sharma
|Actor
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Platform
!Notes
|-
|2016 || ''[[Permanent Roommates]]''|| Dr Mudit
|[[YouTube]]
|
|-
|2017 || ''[[Inside Edge (2017 TV series)|Inside Edge]]''|| Manoharlal Handa; businessman and owner of [[Haryana]] league cricket team
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|-
|2018 || ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]''|| Police IG Dubey
|Amazon Prime Video
|
|-
|2018
|''Babbar ka Tabbar''
|Mr. Babbar
|[[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]
|
|-
|2019
|''Bhoot Purva''
|David;Purva's Father
|ZEE5
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Candy (Indian web series)|Candy]]''
|Money Ranaut
|[[Voot]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajesh|first=Srividya|date=2019-04-01|title=Jayati Bhatia, Manu Rishi Chadha, Zoa Morani in ZEE5 series Bhoot Purva|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/jayati-bhatia-manu-rishi-chadha-zoa-morani-zee5-series-bhoot-purva/2019/04/01|access-date=2021-06-08|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ZEE5 launches horror-comedy Bhoot Purva {{!}} Programming {{!}} News {{!}} Rapid TV News|url=https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2019050855993/zee5-launches-horror-comedy-bhoot-purva.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.rapidtvnews.com|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608073727/https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2019050855993/zee5-launches-horror-comedy-bhoot-purva.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Masoom (TV series)|Masoom]]''
|
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2023
| ''[[United Kacche]]''
|Sajjad
| [[ZEE5]]
|
|-
|''[[Shehar Lakhot]]''
|Rajbir Rangot
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2025
|''[[Mandala Murders]]''
|Vishwanath Singh
|[[Netflix]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2286188}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestDialogue}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rishi, Manu}}
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]

{{India-film-actor-1970s-stub}}

Bhadrak

2026-01-18T18:26:48Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: expanded content

{{About|the municipality in Odisha, India|its namesake district|Bhadrak district}}
{{multiple issues|
{{original research|date=September 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhadrak
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Bhadrak City view.jpg
| photo2a = Dhamra Port 1.jpg
| photo2b = Akhandalamani Temple, Aradi, Bhadrak.jpg
| photo3a = Bhadrak Railway station.jpg
| photo3b =
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| text = From Top; Left to Right: Bhadrak City view, Dhamra Port, Akhandalamani Temple and Bhadrak Railway Station
}}
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.06|86.50|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]
| established_title = 
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = Bhadrak Municipality
| area_footnotes = <ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />
| area_total_km2 = 78.86
| elevation_m = 23
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011CensusBhadrakCity" />
| population_total = 107,369
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|India 456th]], [[List of cities in Odisha by population|Odisha 9th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Bhadrakia
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 756100
| registration_plate = OD-22
| website = {{URL|http://bhadrak.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Bhadrak''' is a city of [[Odisha]] state in eastern India. The city is the district headquarters of [[Bhadrak district]]. According to legend, the city derives its name from the Goddess [[Bhadrakali]], whose temple is on the banks of the Salandi River.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictAbout">{{cite web |title=About District |url=https://bhadrak.nic.in/about-district/ |date=2018 |website=Bhadrak district |access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref>

==History==
According to legend, Bhadrak derives its name from the [[Bhadrakali|Goddess Bhadrakali]], whose temple is situated on the southwest outskirts of the town. It is an ancient land, dating from the age of the [[Puranas]].<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld">{{cite web |title=About the District |url=http://bhadrak.nic.in/location.htm |date=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021214056/http://bhadrak.nic.in/location.htm |archive-date=21 October 2017 |website=Bhadrak district |access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

Bhadrak's contribution to Odisha's maritime and agrarian prosperity, trade, and commerce throughout the ages is a part of history. In the Mughal period, Bhadrak was a [[subah]], or province, under the [[Nawabs of Bengal]]. When the imperial power of the Mughals waned, the area consisted of principalities such as Kanika, Nampo, and Agarapada, with administrative sub-units called chowparhies, all ruled by [[Kshatriya]] chiefs.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />

After the occupation of Odisha by the British in June 1804, Bhadrak constituted one of the two administrative divisions of Cuttack and Balasore. In 1828, when Balasore was made a separate district, Bhadrak became one of its sub-divisions with an assistant magistrate and deputy collector as the sub-divisional head; but the [[Pargana|munsif]]'s court remained in [[Jajpur]] until 1901.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />

Bhadrak was at the forefront during the period of national struggle. In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement was launched. In March 1921, Gandhi visited Bhadrak, after being impressed by its nationalistic fervor and fighting spirit. In 1922, he started the rebellion of Kanika which British troops stationed at Bhadrak attempted to suppress; but ultimately the tenants' movement triumphed, under the leadership of Chakradhar Behera, the doyen of Kanika.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />

When the civil disobedience movement was launched in 1930, Bhadrak became ardent with patriotic zeal, the salt law was defied, and success achieved against the government. [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]'s role in this success has become cherished in Bhadrak, and a part of the history of modern India. Gandhi, who visited Bhadrak again in 1934, staying in Mahatab's residence at Nuabazar, addressed a meeting of the Harizan workers in Jimbaran Ashram (Nuasahi, Ashram, Garadpur). It was during this time that Banchhanidhi Mohanty of Eram was by his patriotic songs shaping, stimulating, and sensitizing the national consciousness among the people.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />

Since independence, the history of Bhadrak has been of progress in education, industry, agriculture, trade, and commerce.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictLocationOld" />

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Bhadrak, Odisha
| metric first = Y
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 27.2
| Feb high C = 30.0
| Mar high C = 34.3
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 37.1
| Jun high C = 34.6
| Jul high C = 31.4
| Aug high C = 31.3
| Sep high C = 31.5
| Oct high C = 30.5
| Nov high C = 28.9
| Dec high C = 27.0
| Jan low C = 14.4
| Feb low C = 17.1
| Mar low C = 21.4
| Apr low C = 24.9
| May low C = 26.7
| Jun low C = 26.3
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 25.9
| Sep low C = 25.6
| Oct low C = 23.4
| Nov low C = 18.0
| Dec low C = 14.3
| Jan rain mm = 13
| Feb rain mm = 31
| Mar rain mm = 34
| Apr rain mm = 45
| May rain mm = 85
| Jun rain mm = 212
| Jul rain mm = 306
| Aug rain mm = 326
| Sep rain mm = 273
| Oct rain mm = 161
| Nov rain mm = 38
| Dec rain mm = 6
| rain colour = green
|source= [http://en.climate-data.org/location/969170/ en.climate-data.org]
}}

==Transportation==
Bhadrak City is well connected with the state of Odisha, and to other parts of the country as well. The town lies on [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]], {{convert|130|km}} northeast of [[Bhubaneswar]], the state capital.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictHow-to-reach" />

Bhadrak City has three bus stop, one on NH 16(New Bus stand/Main Bus Stand), the others near Bant square and Charampa. There are frequent buses to and from [[Cuttack]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Balasore]], and [[Calcutta]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

[[Bhadrak railway station]] is at Charampa, which is {{convert|3|km|}} north of Bhadrak city.

The nearest airport is [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]], {{convert|145|km|}} southwest, near Bhubaneswar.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictHow-to-reach">{{cite web |title=How to Reach |url=https://bhadrak.nic.in/how-to-reach/ |website=Bhadrak district |access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

The nearest port is [[Dhamra Port]], around 75 kilometers east of the city.

==Demographics==

{{Historical populations
|1901 |18581
|1911 |18578
|1921 |18175
|1931 |18283
|1941 |19550
|1951 |18795
|1961 |25285
|1971 |40478
|1981 |60600
|1991 |76435
|2001 |92515
|2011 |107463
|source = [[Census of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Population growth of ULBs in Orissa (1901 – 2001) |url=http://rcueslucknow.org/states/Compendium%20of%20Urban%20Data%20(Orissa)/_21_%20POPULATION%20GROWTH%20OF%20ULBs%20IN%20ORISSA%20_1901-2001_.pdf
|website=The Regional Centre for Urban & Environmental Studies (RCUES)}}</ref>}}

===Population===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bhadrak
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|59.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|39.56}}
}}

{{As of|2011}}, Bhadrak has a population of 107,463. Males constitute 51% (55,090) of the population and females 49% (52,373). Bhadrak has an average literacy rate of 79.49%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 83.99% of males, and 74.77% of females, literate. 12% (13,138) of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref name="2011CensusBhadrakCity">{{cite web |title=Bhadrak City Census 2011 data |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/268-bhadrak.html |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

==Politics==
Bhadrak is part of [[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha Constituency 3 Bhadrak(SC)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf |title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Odisha |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2008-09-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2009 |df=dmy}}</ref> The present Member of Parliament is [[Manjulata Mandal|Avimanyu Sethi]], of the [[Biju Janata Dal|Bharatiya Janta party]] (BJP).<ref name="BhadrakDistrictPubRep">{{cite web |title=Public Representatives |url=https://bhadrak.nic.in/public-representatives/ |website=Bhadrak district |access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

The current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from the [[Bhadrak (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak assembly constituency]] is Sitansu Sekhar Mohapatra,<ref name="BhadrakDistrictPubRep" /> of the BJP, who won the seat in 2024. Previous MLAs from this seat were sanjiv Mallick (BJD), who was the MLA for two terms up to 2019; Naren Palei, of the [[Indian National Congress|INC]], elected in 2004; Biren Palei, INC, in 2000; Prafulla Samal (BJD), who won in 1995 and in 1990; Jugal Kishore Pattanayak, who won in 1985, as a member of the INC, and in 1980, as a member of INC(I); and Ratnakar Mohanty, of [[Janata Party|JNP]], in 1977.

==Education==
[[File:BIET.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Bhadrak Institute of Engineering and Technology (BIET)]]

The higher education institutions of the district are the [[Bhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology|Bhadrak Institute of Engineering and Technology]] (BIET) and [[Bhadrak Autonomous College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bhadrakcollege.nic.in/|title=Bhadrak Autonomous College - ODISHA|website=bhadrakcollege.nic.in|access-date=2018-06-11|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610115650/http://bhadrakcollege.nic.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> among others. The Bhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology (BIET) in Orissa(known as [[Odisha]]), India, was established in 1982. It is situated at Barapada, which is 8 km away from sub-district headquarters at Bhadrak [[Rural]]. [[India]]

There are six new [[industrial training institute]]s (ITI) in Bhadrak, whose courses impart technical skill to students.

There are also numerous secondary schools. Bhadrak High School, established in 1882, is one of the oldest schools in Odisha. Dr. [[Harekrushna Mahatab]], first chief minister of Odisha, studied at this school. Schools using English as a medium of instruction include Durga Prasad Saraf Vidyapeeth,<ref>{{cite web |title=Durga Prasad Saraf Vidyapeeth, Bhadrak |url=http://www.dpsvidyapeeth.com/ |date=2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924004323/http://www.dpsvidyapeeth.com/ |archive-date=24 September 2016 |website=Dpsvidyapeeth.com |access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref> Sathya Sai Vidya Vihar School, SBD International School, Jyothi Convent School, Happy Home School, Sunshine Mission School, Carmel School, Kendriya Vidyalaya Bhadrak, and St. Xavier's School.

==Tourism and culture==

The [[Akhandalamani Temple]], the abode of [[Shiva|Lord Siva]] is located on the bank of the [[Baitarani River]], at Aradi, {{convert|37|km}} from the district headquarters. On the outskirts of the city, {{convert|5|km}} southwest, is situated Maa Bhadrakali Temple, whose deity, it is believed, gave the town its name.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictTouristPlaces">{{cite web |title=Tourist Places |url=https://bhadrak.nic.in/tourist-places/ |date=2018 |website=Government of Odisha: Bhadrak district |access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>

In the city itself one can worship and get blessing at Maa Banka Basuli Temple and Baba Lokanath Shiva Temple. Bankabasuli is the oldest temple in Bhadrak. This temple is famous for its serenity and divinity. Durgapuja is the primary function of this temple. It is situated at the heart of Bhadrak near Kacheri Bazar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tour |first=Odisha |date=2020-12-04 |title=Bankabasuli Temple, Bhadrak |url=https://odishatour.in/bankabasuli-temple-bhadrak/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Odisha Tour |language=en-US}}</ref>

Apart from that, the historical places and monuments to visit in the Bhadrak district include several Hindu temples; such as the Maa Santoshi Temple, located in Korkora village; Sri Radha Madanmohan temple; the temple of Akhandalamani; the Kali Puja held at Charampa; Prasanna Khemeswar Mahadev Temple in Anijo village, which is a Shiva temple that has existed for 150 years.<ref name="BhadrakDistrictCulture&Heritage">{{cite web |title=Culture & Heritage |url=https://bhadrak.nic.in/culture-heritage/ |website=Bhadrak district |access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref>

[[File: Maa Patana Mangala Temple, Chhatrapada, Ghanteswar Promoted By K.C.Nayak(NALU) son of Kashi Nath Nayak.jpg|thumb|Maa Patana Mangala Temple, Chhatrapada, Ghanteswar]]

Apart from above there is a famous temple situated at kharida binayakpur under basudevpur block in the name of Aankudeswari Temple.The temple is too much popular in Bhadrak district and every year on the occasion of Maha vishuba sankranti / pana sankranti / vaishakhi there is a festivals conducted by the temple authority for almost 15th days.

There are also Muslim mosques such as the Sufi Saint Mujahid-e-Millat's Shrine (Mazaar) at Dhamnagar. This shrine is also known as Khanquah-E-Habibah. It is the center of an annual celebration called Eid-Miladun-Nabi, which commemorates the prophet Mohammad's birthday.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Other sites in Bhadrak include the Maa Patana Mangala temple and the biggest pond in Odisha.

As a religious hub, Bhadrak is also home to festivals and religious celebrations. The [[Pana Sankranti]] held at Chhatrapada from 14 to 21 April is one of the most famous. [[Dol Purnima]] or Holi (Melana) is also another major festival; it is celebrated in several locations in Bhadrak. The Cart Festival (Ratha Yatra), on the other hand, is celebrated in Jharpata, Gamal, Hide, Ghanteswar, Totapada, Chhatrapada, Bhadrak, and Bhatia village Sri Jagannath matha. This last location is one of the oldest places which observes Ganesh puja (150 years).{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

== Notable people ==

* [[Laxmikanta Mohapatra]] (18 December 1888 – 24 February 1953) was an Indian Odia poet, writer, performance artist, and freedom fighter. He was born in Talapada, Tihidi Block of Bhadrak District, on 18 December 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |title=English Releases |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=31084 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408062429/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=31084 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=pib.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref>

* [[Ananta Charan Sukla]], was an Indian scholar of comparative literature, literary criticism, aesthetics, and philosophy.

==See also==
* [[1991 Bhadrak riot]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bhadrak district}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bhadrak district]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in India]]

Siege of Darwar

2026-01-11T00:11:07Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: small changes

{{Short description|Battle of the Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict = Siege of Darwar
| partof = the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 18 September 1790 – 3 April 1791
| place = [[Darwar]], [[Mysore]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|15|27|30|N|75|00|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| result = Anglo-Maratha victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Maratha Empire}} [[Maratha Empire]] {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[East India Company]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png|border=}} [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Maratha Empire}} [[Parushram Bhau Patwardhan|Parushram Patwardhan]] {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[John Little]] {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[Charles Frederick (army officer)|Charles Frederick]] {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[John Sartorius]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png|border=}} [[Badr ul-Zaman Khan Sahib|Badr ul-Zaman Sahib]]<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=177}}</ref>
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| campaignbox =
{{Campaignbox Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Mysore Wars}}
}}
The '''Siege of Darwar''' was a 29 week [[siege]] of the fort at [[Dharwad]] in 1790 and 1791, then near the frontier, between the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and the [[Maratha Empire]]. The Marathas, assisted by forces of the [[British East India Company]], began the siege on 18 September 1790 and resulted with the surrender of the Mysorean garrison on 3 April 1791.

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Moor, Edward (1794). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tEoOAAAAQAAJ ''A narrative of the operations of captain Little's detachment, and of the Mahratta army''] (a detailed British account of the siege)
*Mill, James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hlQIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Darwar+siege+1790&pg=PA275 ''A history of British India'', Volume 5]
*Duff, James Grant. [https://books.google.com/books?id=e_Pc4ZQMoy0C&dq=hurry+punt&pg=PA199 ''A history of the Mahrattas'', Volume 2]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{UK-battle-stub}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1790|Darwad]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1791|Darwad]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Kingdom of Mysore|Darwad 1790]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Kingdom of Great Britain|Darwad 1790]]
[[Category:Battles of the Third Anglo-Mysore War|Darwad 1790]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Maratha Empire|Darwad 1790]]
[[Category:1790 in India]]
[[Category:1791 in India]]

1951 IFA Shield final

2025-12-23T21:19:18Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 1951 IFA Shield final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[IFA Shield|1951 IFA Shield]]
| team1 = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
| team2 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| details = East Bengal won after a [[Replay (sports)#Association football|replay]]
| firstleg = Final
| team1score1 = 0
| team2score1 = 0
| date1 = 11 September 1951
| stadium1 = [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]]
| city1 = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| referee1 = Major F. Upfold
| attendance1 = 16,000 (estd.)
| secondleg = Replay
| team1score2 = 0
| team2score2 = 2
| date2 = 18 September 1951
| stadium2 = [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]]
| city2 = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| referee2 = Major F. Upfold
| attendance2 = 16,000 (estd.)
| weather =
| previous = [[1950 IFA Shield final|1950]]
| next = 1952
}}

The '''1951 IFA Shield final''' was the 59th final of the [[IFA Shield]], the second oldest football competition in [[India]], and was contested between Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] on 11 September 1951 first which ended in a draw and then a replay on 18 September 1951 at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata.

East Bengal won the final 2–0 to claim their 5th IFA Shield title. [[P. B. A. Saleh]] scored both the goals in the replay final as East Bengal lifted their fifth IFA Shield title.<ref name=rsssf>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=10 October 2022|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref>

==Route to the final==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan="2"| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
!Round
!colspan="2"| [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|Round
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Customs]]
|colspan="1"|3–1
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Second Round
|style="text-align:left"|Benetola
|colspan="1"|0–0; 1–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|24 Parganas
|colspan="1"|3–1
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Third Round
|style="text-align:left"|East Punjab
|colspan="1"|2–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Maharashtra XI
|colspan="1"|3–1
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Quarter–Final
|style="text-align:left"|Cuttack XI
|colspan="1"|0–0; 1–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Rajasthan
|colspan="1"|3–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Semi–Final
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|colspan="1"|4–0
|-
|}

==Match==
===Summary===
The IFA Shield final began at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata on 11 September 1951 in front of a packed crowd as Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] faced each other in a [[Kolkata Derby]]. East Bengal, the two-time defending champions, reached their eighth final after defeating Rajasthan 3–0 in the semi-final, having won the title four times in 1943, 1945, 1949, and 1950. Mohun Bagan also made their eighth appearance in the final after they defeated another Kolkata giant [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] 4–0 in the semi-final, having won it thrice previously in 1911, 1947, and 1948.<ref name=rsssf/>

East Bengal started as the favorites as the two-time defending champions and with a star-studded forward line consisting of the famous [[Pancha Pandavas]]. However, Mohun Bagan got the best chance of the match in the tenth minute of the game when [[Runu Guha Thakurta]] played Babu open on goal but the latter missed his chance from five yards. Rabi Das too missed another chance in the twelfth minute after failing to control the ball. East Bengal managed to make a few moves but was denied by Mohun Bagan custodian C. Banerjee. Both teams failed to break the deadlock and the game ended in a 0–0 draw.<ref name=final>{{cite news |date=12 September 1951 |title= শিল্ড ফাইনালের খেলা অমীমাংসিত |trans-title=Shield Final remains undecided |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref>

===Details===
{{footballbox
|date=11 September 1951
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|report=
|team2=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=16,000 (est.)
|referee=Major F. Upfold}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 234f1e
| body = 800000
| rightarm = 234f1e
| shorts = ffffff
| socks = ffffff
| title = Mohun Bagan
}}
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Chanchal Banerjee
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Purnendu Barua
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sailen Manna]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Ratan Sen
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Talimeren Ao]]
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Robi Dey
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Babu
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Runu Guha Thakurta]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rabi Das]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sattar Singh
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} A. Dasgupta
|-
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Manilal Ghatak
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Byomkesh Bose]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Ansari
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} G. R. Gokul
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chandan Singh Rawat|Chandan Singh]]
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} S. Ray
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} M. Apparao
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. P. Dhanraj]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. B. A. Saleh]]
|-
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*50 minutes.
*Replay if scores still level.
*No Substitutes.
|}

==Replay==
===Summary===
The replay final began at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata on 18 September 1951 after the first game ended in a 0–0 stalemate.

East Bengal made a fast start and scored early just in the second minute after [[P. B. A. Saleh]] latched onto a pass from [[K. P. Dhanraj]] and found the net with a powerful strike to make it 1–0. Mohun Bagan tried to make a comeback in the match but was denied by the East Bengal defense. East Bengal doubled their lead in the nineteenth minute of the match after Saleh once again found himself at the end of a cross from [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]] and finished from close range to make it 2–0 before halftime. In the second half, Mohun Bagan created a few chances but East Bengal custodian Manilal Ghatak was able to keep a clean sheet as East Bengal emerged victorious to lift their fifth IFA Shield title, and thus become the first Indian team to lift the title three consecutive times. British regimental teams [[Gordon Highlanders]] (1908–10), [[Calcutta Football Club|Calcutta]] (1922–24), and [[Sherwood Foresters]] (1926–28) had achieved this feat previously.<ref name=rsssf/><ref name=finalreplay>{{cite news |date=19 September 1950 |title= ইস্ট বেঙ্গলের উপর্যুপরি তিনবার শিল্ড জয়ের গৌরব অর্জন |trans-title=
East Bengal also achieved the glory of winning the Shield three times |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debayan|last=Sen|date=1 August 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|title=A century of excellence: East Bengal's greatest hits|work=ESPN|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=pandavas>{{cite web|last=Banerjee|first=Ritabrata|date=27 Mar 2020|title=Who were the 'Pancha Pandavas' of East Bengal and what impact did they have in Indian football?|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410151927/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|archive-date=10 April 2020|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>

===Details===
{{footballbox
|date=18 September 1951
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|report=
|team2=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–2
|goals1=
|goals2=[[P. B. A. Saleh|Saleh]] {{goal|2||19}}
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=16,000 (est.)
|referee=Major F. Upfold}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 234f1e
| body = 800000
| rightarm = 234f1e
| shorts = ffffff
| socks = ffffff
| title = Mohun Bagan
}}
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Chanchal Banerjee
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Purnendu Barua
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sailen Manna]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Ratan Sen
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Talimeren Ao]]
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Robi Dey
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Babu
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Runu Guha Thakurta]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rabi Das]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sattar Singh
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} A. Dasgupta
|-
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Manilal Ghatak
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Byomkesh Bose]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Ansari
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} G. R. Gokul
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chandan Singh Rawat|Chandan Singh]]
|-
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} S. Ray
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} M. Apparao
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. P. Dhanraj]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. B. A. Saleh]]
|-
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*50 minutes.
*Joint winners if both finals ends in a draw.
*No Substitutes.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html IFA Shield Finals]

{{IFA Shield}}
{{East Bengal Club}}
{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}

[[Category:IFA Shield finals]]
[[Category:1951–52 in Indian football]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club matches]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant matches]]
[[Category:Football competitions in Kolkata]]

Gotegaon

2025-11-28T19:50:29Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Stub!

{{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chhota Chhindwara
| native_name = Gotegaon
| native_name_lang = Hindi, Bundelkhandi
| other_name =
| nickname = Shridham
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline = Paramhansi Ashram Gotegaon, Narsinghpur.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Jhoteshawar, Gotegaon
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|2|38|N|79|29|19|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Narsimhapur district|Narsinghpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.68
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 27,068
| population_as_of = 01-03-2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 487118
vehicle_code_range =
| registration_plate = MP49
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Gotegaon''' (Also Known Chhota Chhindwara) is a city and a [[municipality]] in [[Narsinghpur District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>https://narsinghpur.nic.in/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af_%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af/</ref>
It is the tehsil headquarters of [[Narsinghpur]] district in [[Jabalpur]] division of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state. The district panchayat headquarters of the Panchayat and Rural Development Department of the state of Madhya Pradesh are located in Gotegaon. There are 90 panchayats under this
Janpad panchayat.

[[File:A place near Gotegaon, Narsinghpur mp.png|thumb|240px|Satya sarovar, Shree baba Shree Ji aashram]]

Gotegaon, [[Narsinghpur]] district is located almost in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh, The boundary of Gotegaon Tehsil touches [[Jabalpur district]] in the north-east and [[Seoni district]] in the south.

In the local administration unit Gotegaon ( Chhota Chhindwara ) is located municipality under which there are 15 wards.

== Etymology ==
Gotegaon Tehsil headquarter is Gotegaon which was earlier named Chhota Chhindwara. This name was used in some old government institutions of the city. Then it was named Gotegaon. The reason for the name Gotegaon being applicable to the whole city is the railway station of the city, the name of the nearest village is Gotegaon Kheda. But with time, all the townspeople started using this name. The name Gotegaon is used in every government and non-government places. The name of the railway station of Gotegaon is Shridham. The temple of Maa Rajrajeswari Tripura Sundari Devi is 15 km away from Gotegaon Tehsil Headquarter. It is also a sightseeing place.

== Geography ==
Geographically Gotegaon Tehsil is situated in the east of the district. It is situated in the latitude 23°14' North Latitude 22°88' North Latitude 79°5' East Longitude 79°59' East Longitude. The extension is 33.60 from north to south and 32.65 from east to west. Tehsil headquarter is situated 44.50 km north of Tropic of Cancer. The total area of Gotegaon Tehsil is about 187 Sq.Km. Is. Narsinghpur occupies 19 percent of the area of the district. This is the second big tehsil.<ref>http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Gotegaon.html</ref>

In the north, [[Narmada River|Narmada river]] passes through about 45 km and separates Gotegaon tehsil and the border of Narsinghpur district from Jabalpur district. In the south, the border of Gotegaon tehsil and Narsinghpur district separates it from Seoni district by the Satpura mountain range. In the west, Sher river forms the boundary of Gotegaon tehsil through Narsinghpur tehsil.

== Government and politics ==
Gotegaon is the [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency of the [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[Legislative assembly|Legislative Assembly]], which covers the entire tehsil. Its state assembly constituency number is 118. This assembly constituency is reserved for Scheduled Castes. Mandla is the parliamentary constituency for the Lok Sabha of the country. It is noteworthy that only Gotegaon Tehsil is under the other parliamentary constituency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

Gotegaon city is [[Municipal council (India)|Nagar Palika]] Parishad. There are 14 wards under the municipality.

== Economy ==
The economy of the tehsil is based on agriculture. There are some small-scale industries in the Tehsil that contribute to the primary activity.

== transportation ==

=== Air ===
Nearest airport is Dumna airport Jabalpur which is 68 km away from Gotegaon tehsil headquarter.

=== Rail ===
There are four railway stations under Gotegaon Tehsil which are Shridham, Karakbel, Vikrampur Belkhedi. The total length of the railway is 39 km. The length of the platform of Shridham Railway Station is 575 m. There are a total of 16 train stoppages at Shridham Railway Station including superfast trains, express trains and passenger trains.<ref>https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/shridham-srid/531</ref>

It is situated on the Howrah-Mumbai railway line, whose station name is Shridham.

=== Road ===
Here State Highway No. 22 passes through here. Whose total length in Tehsil is 33.2 km

== Demographics ==
The population of Gotegaon Tehsil is around 2 lakhs. Gotegaon is the most populous city. As of 2011 India census, Gotegaon has a population of 27,068.<ref>https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802365-gotegaon-madhya-pradesh.html</ref>

== Culture ==
Gotegaon is a Hindu-dominated area. There are many famous temples here. On the route of Mumbai – Hawrah Central railway track 15 K.M. from Sridham Railway station on the control Rly track of Mumbai – Hawrah. Naturally rich & very gorgeous temple of golden Raj- Rajeshwari tripur sundari. It is Jhoteshwar temple, Lodheshwar temple, Hanuman tekari, Rock, Shivling made up of slohutic. It’s a place where Jagatguru Shankaracharya Joytesh & Dwarkadish Pithadheshwar Saraswati Maharaj meditates & worship. On the Basant Panchami occasion here 7 days Mela is organized.

The Kalash was installed at the top of the temple by the Late Shri Indira Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India. Two Prime Ministers and one President of India have arrived in Jhoteshwar. The arrival of film personalities is also normal.

The family deity of the city is Thakur Baba whose temple is worth visiting. The main festival of this temple is Kajalia Parva. Which is celebrated with great pomp by the people of the city.

=== Cuisine ===
The Aalu Banda of Shridham railway station is world-famous, which is known for its spices and chutney. Potatoes have been the pride of the city for many decades. Kalakand, and khoya jalebi are very famous for sweets. The food prepared on the main occasion is Gakad-Bharta (Bharta-Bati). The taste of which people take after Narmada bath. There are many shops of chaat and gol gappas. Gotegaon city has few restaurants for North Indian food

== Education ==
There are many primary, secondary and higher secondary schools in the tehsil by the state education department. Parallel to these there are also private educational institutions. There are colleges in Tehsil Karakbel, Gotegaon and Srinagar.

== Sports ==
There is a sports stadium at the tehsil headquarters. Gotegaon has a national competition in the weather in winter. In which there are many games. This national competition is organized by Sahyog Krida Mandal (SKMG).

==See also==
* [[Bagaspur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Narsinghpur district]]
[[Category:Narsinghpur]]

Sapna Bhavnani

2025-11-25T07:22:59Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added new entry nd citations

{{short description|Indian reality TV personality}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{advert|date=August 2018}}
{{COI|date=February 2019}}
{{unreliable sources|date=February 2019}}
}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sapna Bhavnani
|image = Sapna Bhavnani.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Sapna Bhavnani in 2015
|birth_name =
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|other_names =
|known_for = ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''
|occupation = Actress, [[Hairstylist]]
|years_active = 2003–present
|URL =
}}
'''Sapna Bhavnani''' is an Indian actress and [[hairstylist]].

==Early life==
Sapna Bhavnani was born in [[Mumbai]] and raised in [[Bandra]] where she completed high school. She had a reputation as a good student and was [[tomboy]]ish in her childhood. She rode to school on a motorcycle and liked to pull pranks. Her father, who was a businessman, died when she was 18.<ref name="cnn">{{cite web|last=Jhaveri|first=Rayna|date=24 November 2010|title=Sapna Bhavnani: The mad barber of Bandra|url=http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/life/sapna-bhavnani-mad-or-not-400045|publisher=CNN Travel (CNN)|accessdate=12 January 2013}}</ref>

Following her father's death, her family started facing financial difficulties. Bhavnani then decided to drop out of her college in Mumbai<ref name=cnn/> and move to the [[United States]]. Her [[Indian-American]] aunt helped her with her immigration to [[Chicago]] in 1989.<ref name="lightscb">{{cite web|url=http://www.lightscamerabollywood.com/sapna-bhavnani/|title=Sapna Bhavnani|publisher=Lights Camera Bollywood|accessdate=11 January 2013}}</ref> In Chicago, Bhavnani initially worked as a waitress before enrolling herself as a student at a business school. She graduated with a double major in Marketing and Communication and a minor in Public Speaking from Chicago's [[Barat College]].<ref name="gg">{{cite web|last=D'Souza|first=Kavya|date=27 January 2012|title=Sapna Bhavnani – Hair Stylist And More!|url=http://theglamgang.com/celeb-talk/sapna-bhavnani-hair-stylist-and-more|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115161341/http://www.theglamgang.com/celeb-talk/sapna-bhavnani-hair-stylist-and-more|archive-date=15 November 2012|publisher=The Glam Gang|accessdate=18 November 2012}}</ref> Bhavnani also experimented with fashion design. She then developed an interest in hairdressing and took it up as a profession.<ref name="teh">{{cite journal|date=23 May 2009|title=Lady-Boy: Sometimes Lady, Sometimes Boy|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=hub230509lady_boy.asp|journal=Tehelka Magazine|volume=6|issue=20|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref> In 2002,<ref name="gg" /> Bhavnani visited India after six years and happened to reconnect with an old boyfriend<ref name="teh" /> and decided to move back to India.<ref name="gg" />

== Career ==
=== Hairstyling ===
After struggling to establish herself in Mumbai, Bhavnani initially did job as a hairdresser for a salon called "Juice"<ref name="bip">{{cite news|title=Actor-client Bipasha Basu is so in love with Mad O Wot salon|url=http://www.mid-day.com/atwork/2007/dec/817778.htm|accessdate=12 November 2012|newspaper=Mid Day|date=2007-12-11}}</ref> and also started working as a [[Bollywood]] stylist.<ref name="teh" /> She also began writing as a columnist for the newspaper ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' for three years before moving on to another called [[Mid-Day|''MiD DAY'']].<ref name="teh" /> In 2004, she opened her first hair salon called Mad-O-Wot in Mumbai, with a team of five people.<ref name="bip" /> In 2011, Bhavnani started her second salon in [[Andheri]], Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|last=Daryanani|first=Rashmi|title=Mad O Wot Relocation with Katrina Kaif!|date=10 September 2011|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2011/09/11/mad-o-wot-relocation-with-katrina-kaif/|publisher=Miss Malini – Bollywood & the Bombay party circuit unplugged|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif Launches @MadOWot for @sapnabhavnani|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8YE8mnnG9g|publisher=missmalinivideos (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012|date=10 September 2011}}</ref>

Bhavnani has worked with celebrity clients from a range of fields across entertainment, sports, politics and business. Her clients include [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Virat Kohli]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Siddharth Mallya]], [[Mandira Bedi]], [[Dino Morea]] and [[Gauri Khan]].<ref name="cnn" /> In 2011, she worked with the actor [[Ranveer Singh]] for the film ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ranveer Singh's new look|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ranveer-Singhs-new-look/articleshow/10942389.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401025918/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-01/news-interviews/30462855_1_ranveer-singh-ladies-vs-ricky-bahl-hair|url-status=live|archive-date=1 April 2013|access-date=12 November 2012|date=1 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN}}</ref>

===Acting and production===
Bhavnani set up a production company called Mad-O-Wot Productions in June 2010,<ref name="pr">{{cite web|title=Mad O Wot Productions launched by Sapna Bhavnani|url=http://www.prlog.org/10761817-mad-wot-productions-launched-by-sapna-bhavnani.html|publisher=PRLog (Press Release)|accessdate=18 November 2012|date=27 June 2010}}</ref> aimed at making music videos, commercials, and short films.<ref name="pr" /><ref name="livechat" /> In July 2010, Bhavnani worked on Project Unite, which attempted to re-record the [[Jana Gana Mana|Indian national anthem]] with a music video featuring common Indian people on the streets. Bhavnani was one of the nine people who gave vocals to the track, along with [[Raghu Ram]], [[Sugandha Garg]] and Avani Shah among others from the field of entertainment and hairstyling industry.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Aditi|title=We are proud Indians|url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2010/aug/040810-Project-Unite-National-Anthem-India-Mid-Day-online-August-15.htm|accessdate=14 November 2012|newspaper=Mid Day|date=2010-08-04}}</ref> The video was released on 15 August 2010, [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]].<ref>{{cite web|title=We are proud Indians|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un2BJAlkr8w&noredirect=1|publisher=Mid Day on YouTube|accessdate=14 November 2012|date=3 August 2010}}</ref>

In October 2010, her production house released a music video called ''raat'', with a Mumbai-based band named Airport. Bhavnani also acted in the video.<ref name="cnn" /><ref name="gg" /><ref name="nh7">{{cite web|last=Rao|first=Grishma|title=Making The Video: Airport|url=http://nh7.in/indiecision/2010/10/05/making-the-video-airport/|publisher=NH7/OML Digital|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raat by Airport| date=7 October 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3cq2rjjFME|publisher=Uploaded by Sapna Bhavnani on YouTube|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> Mad-O-Wot productions' next project was the music video/film called ''Snare'' which was released in March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Snare| date=16 March 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyORlboYTII|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> In April 2011, she released a music-based project as a promotional feature for her Mad-O-Wot brand, which she co-directed with Arijit Datta, that featured [[Raghu Ram]] and [[Rajiv Laxman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=You're Mad O Wot?? Featuring Raghu Ram and Rajiv Laxman as 2 Strugglers!| date=21 April 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejCpdaSNodA|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> Bhavnani next directed a music video in June 2011 for [[Kailash Kher]]'s single ''Amber Tak Yahi Naad Goonjega''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kailash Kher for Anna Hazare "ambar tak yahi naad goonjega"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n05tCHm9Kbs|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012|date=18 June 2011}}</ref> The track was a dedication to [[Anna Hazare]]'s anti-corruption movement.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dhingra|first=Deepali|title=All for a good cause|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/All-for-a-good-cause/articleshow/9779541.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107055217/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-29/news-and-interviews/29940920_1_music-video-kailash-kher-song|url-status=live|archive-date=7 November 2011|access-date=12 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 August 2011}}</ref> In May 2012, she released a dramatic musical video, ''Ruh'', in collaboration with Arijit Datta Projects.<ref>{{cite web|title=RUH|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8vlAdGvqec|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012|date=22 May 2012}}</ref> In November 2020 she appeared in a kashmiri music video 'JANAAN' under the label of zee music company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8wFcR1eP7M|title=Janaan - Official Music Video | Sapna Moti Bhavnani | Noor Mohammad | Irfaan Bukhari | Danish Renzu|date=10 November 2020 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

Bhavnani featured in a 2006 Hindi film ''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|date=15 September 2006|title=Pyaar Ke..., Shiva, Bas Ek Pal|newspaper=The Indian Express/Expressindia.com|agency=IndiaFM News Bureau|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=73935|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref> In August 2008, she did a cameo role in ''[[Ugly Aur Pagli]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dasgupta|first=Piali|date=6 August 2008|title=Ugly Aur Pagli|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/ugly-aur-pagli/recent/3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103224028/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/ugly-aur-pagli/recent/3|archive-date=3 January 2013|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref>

=== Reality television ===
Bhavnani participated in an Indian celebrity reality TV show, [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss Season 6]] on the TV channel [[Colors (TV channel)|Colors]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sapna-Bhavnani-abuses-Salman-Khan|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/BIGG-BOSS-6-Sapna-Bhavnani-abuses-Salman-Khan-calls-him-serial-woman-beater/Article1-952103.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030203339/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/BIGG-BOSS-6-Sapna-Bhavnani-abuses-Salman-Khan-calls-him-serial-woman-beater/Article1-952103.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2012|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2012-10-30|title=Sapna Bhavnani's challenge sent Salman Khan for cover!|url=http://www.pardaphash.com/news/sapnas-vent-sent-big-boss-salman-khan-for-cover/698842.html|publisher=Pardaphash.com|accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=12.10 PM IST 11.04.2012|date=4 November 2012|title=Bigg Boss 6: Salman Khan finds out what makes Aseem Trivedi so benevolent! – Bollywood News & Gossip, Movie Reviews, Trailers & Videos at|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bigg-boss-6-salman-khan-finds-out-what-makes-aseem-trivedi-so-benevolent/|publisher=Bollywoodlife.com|accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref> Bhavnani was nominated for eviction eight times during her stay in the house. She was saved by the public vote seven times.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

A week before the finale, Bhavnani was evicted from the show in January 2013, after spending 90 days in the Bigg Boss house and stated that winning the show was never her aim.<ref name="livechat" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Tiwari|first=Vijaya|date=5 January 2013|title=Sana is playing Pati, Patni aur Woh game in Bigg Boss: Sapna|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Sana-is-playing-Pati-Patni-aur-Woh-game-in-Bigg-Boss-Sapna/articleshow/17901621.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216064054/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-05/tv/36161120_1_sapna-and-imam-alag-che-bigg-boss|archive-date=16 February 2013|access-date=5 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 January 2013|title='Bigg Boss 6': Salman is not God, says Sapna Bhavnani post eviction|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/bigg-boss-6-salman-is-not-god-says-sapna-bhavnani-post-eviction_125682.htm|publisher=Zee News Limited (PTI)|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="bday">{{cite news|last=Krishnan|first=Tina|date=5 January 2013|title=While Rajev is obnoxious, Delnaaz is fake: Sapna Bhavnani|newspaper=Daily Bhaskar.com|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-rajev-is-obnoxious-delnaaz-is-fake-says-sapna-bhavnani-4138195-NOR.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108023834/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-rajev-is-obnoxious-delnaaz-is-fake-says-sapna-bhavnani-4138195-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2013|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> During her stay in the house, she gave almost every contestant a haircut and a makeover.<ref name="every1haircut">{{cite news|date=5 January 2013|title=The Black Cat – Sapna Bhavnani, scouted out of the Bigg Boss house|newspaper=Mid-Day|url=https://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/jan/050113-the-black-cat-sapna-bhavnani-scouted-out-of-the-bigg-boss-house.htm|accessdate=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="out">{{cite news|last=Kaushik|first=Divya|date=4 January 2013|title=Out and honest|newspaper=The Pioneer|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/120174-out-and-honest-.html|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>

===Theatre===
Bhavnani was part of a play titled ''NIRBHAYA'', which premiered at the prestigious Edinburgh Fringe Festival in August 2013. It won the Amnesty International Freedom of Expression Award given to an outstanding Fringe production which raises awareness of human rights. It also won the Scotsman Fringe First and the Herald Angel Award for Outstanding New Play. The play is based on real-life events and gender-based violence like the [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder]]. The play was written and directed by playwright and director Yael Farber.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nirbhayatheplay.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025051746/http://www.nirbhayatheplay.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=25 October 2013|title=NIRBHAYA the Play|website=nirbhayatheplay.com}}</ref>

===Fashion===
In November 2011, Bhavnani created fashion line ''Kathorian'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Sapna Bhavnani & Sukriti Grover |url=http://www.lakmefashionweek.co.in/LFW-March2012/?main_page=designers&did=140 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029082109/http://www.lakmefashionweek.co.in/LFW-March2012/?main_page=designers&did=140 |archive-date=29 October 2012 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |publisher=Lakme Fashion Week}}</ref> in collaboration with fashion designer Sukriti Grover. The collection was showcased at the August 2012 [[Lakme Fashion Week]].<ref name="rightcut">{{cite news|last=Prabhu|first=Vidya|date=28 February 2012|title=The Right Cut|newspaper=The Indian Express|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-right-cut/917534/|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="gg" /> The label is inspired by [[Victorian fashion|Victorian influences]] and the Indian dance form [[Kathakali]].<ref name="gg" />

===Notable projects===
* Bhavnani hosted a few short episodes of a comedy entertainment web show called ''The Speedy Gonsalez Show'' on her official [[YouTube]] channel in August 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Speedy Gonsalez Show (Episode 1)| date=31 August 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3d0gEJ7LIQ|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani on YouTube|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> She pretended to be a wasted and promiscuous Mexican man living in India, where her guests used to give performances.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Speedy Gonsalez Show (Episode 1)| website=[[YouTube]] | date=30 January 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLreM5fLCqY|accessdate=14 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Speedy Gonsalez Show with MS Dhoni (Episode 4)| website=[[YouTube]] | date=30 January 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqGwjBT0y10|accessdate=14 November 2012}}</ref>
* In September 2009, Bhavnani authored a [[non-fiction]] self-help book titled Style-O-Wot, targeted to teen girls, in which she gives tips related to fashion, trends and style.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sapna Bhavnani launch 'Style-O-Wot'|date=19 September 2009 |url=http://hamaraphotos.com/bollywood/scoops/sapna-bhavnani-launch-‘style-o-wot’.html|publisher=Hamara Photos|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref> The book was published by [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic India]] and was marketed under children's books section.<ref>{{cite book|title=Style-O-Wot: A Girl's Guide To Looking Great|author=Sapna Bhavnani Anushka|isbn=9788184772869}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Style-O-Wot by Sapna Bhavnani: Synopsis|url=http://www.indiaplaza.com/style-o-wot-sapna-bhavnani/books/9788184772869.htm|publisher=Copyright ©1999- 2012 indiaplaza.com|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* Bhavnani organized an art project called ''Kalingar'' at Zenzi in Bandra, Mumbai in June 2011 which was a fusion of hair, fashion, and photography, along with designer Masaba Gupta and photographer Joy Dutta.<ref>{{cite news|last=Parekh|first=Mitali|title=Hair attraction|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/134/20110612201106121024375028c7cf901/Hair-attraction.html|accessdate=12 January 2013|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615162132/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/134/20110612201106121024375028c7cf901/Hair-attraction.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Bhavnani has actively endorsed [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]]'s cause for humane approach to animals and in July 2011 she acted in and modeled for a short promotional ad film, with the tag line "Cut hair, not frogs", to send out her message. The project was produced by PETA India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sapna Bhavnani Wants You to Cut Hair, Not Frogs|url=http://www.petaindia.com/features/Sapna-Bhavnani-Wants-You-to-Cut-Hair-Not-Frogs.aspx|publisher=PETA India|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> She also did a commercial for [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]] in January 2013. With the slogan "Ink not Mink – Be comfortable in your own skin and let animals keep theirs." She shot this advertisement in the nude.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sapna Bhavnani strips for new PETA ad|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bigg-boss-sapna-bhavnani-peta-ad-152283-2013-01-21|publisher=Living Media India Limited/PTI|access-date=22 January 2013|date=22 January 2013}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2006
|''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]''
|Nina
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Ugly Aur Pagli]]''
|Sindhustan
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! Role !! Notes !! Ref
|-
| 2012–13 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]'' || Contestant ||
| style="text-align:center;" |
|}

==Personal life==
Bhavnani is known for her fashion style, tattoos and piercings, and her pixie-like cropped hair, inspired by goth and punk-rock styles.<ref name=teh/> She maintains that she is a tomboy at heart.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=out/> Her immediate family consists of her mother, who lives in Mumbai<ref name=cnn/> and two brothers.<ref name=lightscb/><ref name=livechat/> Bhavnani is fond of cats.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 June 2012|title=The Cutest Talking Cat in The World|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMkG8UamPmU|publisher=Sapna Bhavnani (on YouTube)|accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref>

Bhavnani has had three failed marriages in the past. She divorced her first husband, a [[Ethnic Germans|German]], after about a year of marriage, claiming that her mother-in-law was racist towards her. Her second marriage was to the Indian man for whom she relocated from the United States to India. Bhavnani had dated him in her teens. Bhavnani divulged that she became a victim of domestic violence and walked out after four months of marriage. Her third marriage was to Indian model Sameer Malhotra which also ended in a divorce within a year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sapna opens up about her past on Bigg Boss!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Sapna-opens-up-about-her-past-on-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/16915894.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126085027/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-22/tv/34652514_1_colors-bigg-boss-marriage-karishma|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2013|access-date=13 December 2012|date=22 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sapna talks about "three marriages" and her troubled relationships on Bigg Boss season 6|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/sapna-talks-about-three-marriages-and-her-troubled-relationships-bigg-boss-season-6|publisher=TELLYCHAKKAR.COM|accessdate=13 December 2012|date=22 October 2012}}</ref>

She also used to be romantically involved with a Mumbai-based singer-songwriter Arijit Datta.<ref name=nh7/> At a web-interview on [[In.com]], she said that while doing the show Bigg Boss, she got attracted to an Indian model, [[Niketan Madhok]], who was her co-contestant.<ref name=livechat>{{cite web|title=Sana, Rajev and Delnaaz are BORING!: Sapna|url=http://colors.in.com/in/biggboss/videos/sana-rajev-and-delnaaz-are-boring-sapna-26162-4.html#nav|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110032826/http://colors.in.com/in/biggboss/videos/sana-rajev-and-delnaaz-are-boring-sapna-26162-4.html#nav|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 January 2013|publisher=Viacom 18 Media Pvt. Ltd.|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhavnani, Sapna}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi actresses]]

National Metallurgical Laboratory

2025-11-23T05:32:29Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Short description|Indian laboratory dedicated to research on minerals, metals and materials}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox Laboratory|name=National Metallurgical Laboratory|motto=|logo=National Metallurgical Laboratory logo.jpg|image=|established=1946|city=[[Jamshedpur]]|research_field=|type=|director=|staff=|budget=|operating_agency=[[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]|affiliations=|address=|telephone=|campus=|website=https://www.nml.res.in/|footnotes=|country=[[India]]|state=[[Jharkhand]]}}'''National Metallurgical Laboratory''' is an Indian research center based in [[Jamshedpur]] that functions under the aegis of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-08-01 |title=ISRO chairman urges CSIR community to create roadmap to reduce dependence on mineral and material imports to ‘near zero’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/create-roadmap-to-reduce-dependence-on-imports-of-minerals-and-materials-to-near-zero-isro-chairman-tells-csir-community/article69882714.ece |access-date=2025-09-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].

== History ==
In 1944, the then Government released {{INRConvert|10|m|0}} to set up [[National Physical Laboratory of India|National Physical Laboratory]], [[National Chemical Laboratory]] and National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML). This was seen as a step by the Government to develop industry in pre-independent [[India]], and also as an incentive to private firms to support industrial research. As a result, the Tata Trust promised to donate {{INRConvert|1.17|m}} to NML.<ref>{{cite news|title=Civil Estimates|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PL4-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=NkwMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=5924%2C2597758|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=1 March 1944}}</ref> A year later, [[Sir Ardeshir Dalal|Ardeshir Dalal]] – the then member of planning and development for the government – confirmed the location of NML to be [[Jamshedpur]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Glass and Ceramic Research Institute – Sir A. R. Dalal lays foundation stone|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6bI-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=SEwMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=1292%2C6804225|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=26 December 1945}}</ref> In 1946, the governing body approved the final plans for NML. As per that, the laboratory was to be set up with an initial capital expenditure of {{INRConvert|4.28|m}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Atomic Research in Tata Institute|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3n8-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=30sMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=4024%2C5317655|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=19 September 1946}}</ref>

On 21 November 1946, Honorable Mr. [[C. Rajagopalachari]] laid the foundation stone of the laboratory in front of representatives from the iron and steel industry.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Contractor|first=G P|title=National Metallurgical Laboratory: Foundation-Stone Laying Ceremony, 21st November 1946|journal=Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research|year=1946|volume=5|issue=6|pages=256–261|url=http://eprints.nmlindia.org/1486/1/NML(1946).PDF}}</ref> Dr. [[George Sachs]], an American [[metallurgist]] was appointed as the first director of the laboratory.<ref>{{cite news|title=American Director for Metallurgical Laboratory|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AXs-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=_EsMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national%20metallurgical%20laboratory%20rajagopalachari&pg=2147%2C4722478|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=9 March 1947}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Modernisation of Jari Production : Dr. Sachs' suggestions for Surat and Benaras|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x3w-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=4UsMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=2118%2C55987|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=1 April 1949}}</ref> Since October 1949, the technological block of the laboratory started functioning effectively.<ref>{{cite news|title=Work on other schemes|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mLw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=O0wMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=5073%2C3851021|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=5 May 1950}}</ref> On 26 November 1950, the country's first prime minister [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]] inaugurated the laboratory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nehru to visit Jamshedpur|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OYI-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=C0wMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=4783%2C5654998|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=24 November 1950}}</ref> This was followed by a two-day conference that was held in the presence of the directors of National Physical Laboratory, National Chemical Laboratory, Central Road Research Laboratory, Fuel Research Institute, NML and Central Glass and Ceramic Research Laboratory. The conference noted the essential articles that were not produced in the country, but will be required during emergencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=National Laboratories' Chiefs Corner|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PII-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=C0wMAAAAIBAJ&dq=national-metallurgical-laboratory&pg=6846%2C5985947|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=27 November 1950}}</ref>

== R&D ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web| title=Successes and gaps in our metallurgical R&D efforts | url=https://www.inae.in/wp-content/themes/fortuna-child/img/Metallurgy%20REPORT.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129172035/https://www.inae.in/wp-content/themes/fortuna-child/img/Metallurgy%20REPORT.pdf | archive-date=2023-01-29}}</ref>
* NML played a significant role in developing a ‘Direct Reduction Technology’ for producing sponge iron with solid fuel like non-metallurgical coal. This formed the basis of the first commercial sponge iron plant of India in 1975.
* NML had developed a technology for extraction of zinc by the hydrometallurgical route for Hindustan Zinc Ltd. In this process, nitrogen was used as an inert gas to prevent oxidation of zinc, and in a once through mode rather than recovery and recycling.
* Column flotation technology for the beneficiation of sillimanite was successfully developed and demonstrated first at the Indian Rare Earths plant in Orissa. Today it is commercially operating with consistent recovery and grades, both at Chatrapur and Chavara.
* NML had developed an eco-friendly cokeless cupola for foundries, particularly for the Taj Mahal area in Agra. This was based on CNG instead of conventional coke
* NML had developed models to capture and predict the process phenomenon occurring in different zones of the blast furnace. Lack of operational data was a great handicap. To overcome this, a ''Real Time Process Simulator'' was developed for online monitoring and prediction of internal process dynamics. At TISCO, the productivity of blast furnace G increased from 2.04t/m3/d to 2.46t/m3/d because of the inputs from NML. At Bhilai Steel Plant, the blast furnace productivity was enhanced from 1.6 t/m3/d to 1.88 t/m3/d upon implementation of the RTPS system.
* NML has developed a range of softwares, test protocols, sensors and devices for structural integrity assessment and residual life evaluation of materials and components used in power plants and petrochemical industries. NDE sensors and devices based on ultrasonics, magnetic and acoustics which have been implemented extensively in the industries.
* NML establishing a pilot plant to produce magnesium using indigenous technology in Jamshedpur. The plant will produce 120 kg of magnesium daily, NML has developed a new indigenous "Highly Guarded Magnetherm" process, this electrothermal process produces at pilot scale of 300-450 kg raw material producing ~40 kg Magnesium/batch.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Stock Market News: Stock Market Today {{!}} Stock Market Live News Update {{!}} Rediff Moneywiz | url=https://money.rediff.com/news/market/rs-10-crore-magnesium-plant-launched-in-jamshedpur | access-date=2025-07-29 | website=money.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326264547|title=Development of magnesium metal production technology at CSIR-NML, Jamshedpur.}}</ref>
*NML has developed Anti-tarnishing lacquer is a one-component fast-drying interior lacquer for use on Brass, Copper, Bronze, and Silver surfaces. It prevents tarnishing (blackening) and provides a durable finish resistant to water, acid, and alkali environments.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Anti-Tarnishing lacquer for Silver and Copper-based Alloys {{!}} CSIR-NML | url=https://nml.res.in/technology-portfolio-csir-nml/coatings-and-lacquers/anti-tarnishing-lacquer-silver-and-copper-based-alloys | access-date=2025-07-29 | website=nml.res.in}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory]]
* [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute]]
* [[Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology]]
* [[Central Electro Chemical Research Institute]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.nmlindia.org/ | title=National Metallurgical Laboratory – Web site | publisher=National Metallurgical Laboratory | date=2015 | accessdate=20 April 2015}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord|22.778|86.205|display=title}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Metallurgical industry of India]]
[[Category:Education in Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1946]]

Nawab of Masulipatnam

2025-11-22T03:18:32Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: added new article!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{more refs|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox Former Subdivision
}}

The '''Nawabs of Masulipatam''' (now [[Machilipatnam]]) ruled under the [[Nizam]] in [[East India|eastern India]]. The best known of them was [[Nawab]] [[Haji Hassan Khan]]. Prior to the arrival of European traders in the region Masulipatnam was under the rule of the local Nawab.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=M.Suseela |year=2021 |title=Introduction to History of Masulipatam Municipality from 1866-1947 |url=https://srrcvr.ac.in/userfiles/Masulipatam,%20Suseela%20Rao%20(1).pdf |format=PDF |journal=Zenith International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research |publisher=SRR & CVR Government Degree College |publication-place=Vijayawada, India |volume=2 |page=65 |issn=2231-5780 |access-date=November 6, 2025}}</ref>

Their title later became [[Nawab of Banganapalle]] as they shifted from Masulipatam to [[Banganapalle]]. They belong to the [[Najm-i-Sani Dynasty]].

==List of nawabs==
The [[Najm-i-Sani dynasty]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nawab
! reign
|-
| [[Nawab Ali Quli Khan Bahadur]]
|
|-
| [[Nawab Muhammad Taqi Khan Bahadur]]
|
|-
| [[Nawab Hasan Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| (1731–1771)
|-
| [[Subhan Bakhsh]]
| (1771–1799)
|-
| [[Qutb ud-Daula]]
| (1799–?)
|-
| [[Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| (?–1853)
|-
| [[Nawab Daud Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| (1853–1883)
|-
| [[Nawab Husain Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| (1883–?)
|-
| Nawab Jaafar Ali Khan Bahadur
|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Nawab of Banganapalle]]
*[[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
*[[Nawab of Carnatic]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Nawabs of India]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Banganapalle State]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

National Highway 71A (India, old numbering)

2025-10-17T17:35:16Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 709 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

Jamyang Tsering Namgyal

2025-09-23T06:00:09Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: cleanup

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1985)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jamyang Tsering Namgyal
| image = Jamyang Tsering Namgyal MP Ladakh.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Namgyal in 2020
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Leh district|Matho]], [[Ladakh]]
| office = 1st President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Ladakh]]
| term_start = 20 July 2020
| term_end = 9 January 2022
| predecessor = ''office established''
| successor = Phunchok Stanzin
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| termstart1 = {{start date|2019|05|23|df=yes}}
| termend1 = {{end date|2024|06|04|df=y}}
| constituency1 = [[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]]
| predecessor1 = [[Thupstan Chhewang]]
| successor1 = [[Mohmad Haneefa]]
| office2 = [[Chief Executive Councillor]] of [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|LAHDC, Leh]]
| term_start2 = {{start date|2018|11|09|df=y}}
| term_end2 = {{end date|2019||}}
| predecessor2 = Dorjey Motup
| successor2 = Gyal P. Wangyal
| office3 = [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Councillor of Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh]]
| term_start3 = {{Start date|2015||}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|2019||}}
| constituency3 = Martselang
| successor3 = Stanzin Chospel<ref>{{cite news|title =BJP wins Councilor bye-election for Martselang constituency of Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council of Leh|url=http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=371941|publisher=News On Air|date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
| office4 =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
| alma_mater = [[University of Jammu]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| spouse = Sonam Wangmo
| residence = Tsamphuk-pa House, [[Leh district|Matho]], [[Leh]], [[Ladakh]], India
}}

'''Jamyang Tsering Namgyal''' (born 4 August 1985), also known by his initials '''JTN''', is an Indian politician who served as a Member of Parliament in [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]], India's largest parliamentary seat geographically. Namgyal was elected, on 9 November 2018, to be the youngest<ref>{{cite news |title=Jamyang Namgyal elected as youngest CEC of LAHDC, Leh, Gyal Wangyal will be the new Dy CEC |url=https://news.statetimes.in/jamyang-namgyal-elected-as-youngest-cec-of-lahdc-leh-gyal-wangyal-will-be-the-new-dy-cec/ |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=State Times |date=9 November 2018}}</ref> and 8th Chief Executive Councillor (CEC) of [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council]], Leh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leh.nic.in/lahdcleh/executive-council/|title=Executive Council – District Leh-Ladakh, Government of Jammu and Kashmir|publisher=}}</ref> He belongs to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite web |last=Jerath |first=Arati R |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/bjp-elects-namgyal-as-leh-council-cec/680729.html |title=BJP elects Namgyal as Leh Council CEC |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=10 November 2018 |accessdate=27 May 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806130244/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/bjp-elects-namgyal-as-leh-council-cec/680729.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life==
Jamyang Tsering Namgyal, popularly known to people as JTN, was born in Matho village in the [[Leh District]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]] (present day in [[Ladakh]], India) on 4 August 1985 to Stanzin Dorjey and Ishey Putit. He passed his 12th examinations from [[Central Institute of Buddhist Studies]], Leh. Later he completed his graduation from [[University of Jammu]] and he completed his post graduation in MA in English Literature from [[Indira Gandhi National Open University|Indra Gandhi National Open University]]. He practices [[Buddhism]].

==Political career==
Prior to joining politics, he served All Ladakh Student Association, Jammu, in various capacities and as President from 2011 to 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nurboo |first1=Tsewang |title=Will of democracy in Ladakh |url=https://news.statetimes.in/will-of-democracy-in-ladakh/ |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=State Times |date=10 February 2018}}</ref> After joining politics as member of BJP, Leh, he served as Private Secretary to the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from Ladakh [[Thupstan Chhewang]]. He contested the election of [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh]] in 2015 from ''Martselang Constituency''. He won with record margin<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ritwik |first1=Shaurya |title=Ladakh Beyond Tourism : With Jamyang Tsering Namgyal |url=http://thecharticle.in/ladakh-beyond-tourism-in-conversation-with-jamyang-tsering-namgyal/ |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=The Charticle |date=27 December 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806134749/http://thecharticle.in/ladakh-beyond-tourism-in-conversation-with-jamyang-tsering-namgyal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> to be elected as Councillor in [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council]], Leh. Later after the resignation of Dorjay Motup from the post of Chief Executive Councillor, Jamyang Tsering Namgyal was elected as 8th Chief Executive Councillor to the [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh|Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council]], Leh.

BJP had fielded JTN from Ladakh parliamentary constituency on 29 March 2019<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khajuria |first1=Ravi Krishnan |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019: BJP fields 31-year-old Namgyal from Ladakh constituency |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-bjp-fields-31-year-old-namgyal-from-ladakh-constituency/story-31azHqkBbnmnZiQHWwQbVL.html |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> in the 2019 Elections to the Lok Sabha or House of the People of Indian Parliament, the voting for which took place on 6 May 2019 and the counting was on 23 May 2019. He was elected into the [[17th Lok Sabha]], representing Ladakh constituency.

In the [[Lok Sabha]], he lent his support to the bill ensuring [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|re-designation of Ladakh]] as a [[Union territories of India|Union Territory of India]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Speech That Made Jamyang Tsering Namgyal A Star|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dr0fGU-hHI|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 August 2019|title=Members of two families think Kashmir is their father's property: Ladakh MP Jamyang Namgyal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/article-370-members-of-two-families-think-kashmir-is-their-fathers-property-ladakh-mp-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-5883367/|access-date=30 June 2020|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=लद्दाख के सांसद ने कहा- मोदी है तो मुमकिन है; प्रधानमंत्री ने कहा- बेहतरीन भाषण, जरूर सुनना चाहिए |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/national/news/narendra-modi-praises-ladakh-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-speech-in-lok-sabha-on-370-article-35-01611835.html |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=6 August 2019 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2019|title='Only two families will lose their livelihood': Ladakh MP's speech in Lok Sabha wins PM Modi's praise|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/only-two-families-will-lose-their-bread-and-butter-ladakh-mps-speech-in-lok-sabha-wins-pms-praise/articleshow/70554944.cms|access-date=30 June 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2020|editor-last=Ghosh|editor-first=Deepshikha|title="Must Hear": PM Modi On Ladakh Lawmaker's Speech On Article 370|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jamyang-tsering-namgyal-speech-pm-narendra-modi-praises-ladakh-lawmakers-speech-on-article-370-2081249|access-date=30 June 2020|work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Service, Sentiment and Samarthan: How Buddhist Ladakh Made the Loudest Noise for a Change |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/service-sentiment-and-samarthan-how-buddhist-ladakh-made-the-loudest-noise-for-a-change-2263891.html |last=Sengupta |first=Ashok |accessdate=11 August 2019 |work=News18 |date=11 August 2019}}</ref> and [[Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status|the revocation of special status]] lent to Jammu and Kashmir by a [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India#Presidential order of 1954|presidential order]].<ref>{{cite news |title=China did occupy Indian territory, but...: Ladakh BJP MP replies to Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-occupy-indian-territory-ladakh-bjp-mp-rahul-gandhi-1687420-2020-06-10 |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=India Today |date=10 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Deepshikha |title="Chinese Occupied Indian Territory...": Ladakh BJP MP Rebuts Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chinese-occupied-indian-territory-bjps-ladakh-mp-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-replies-to-rahul-gandhi-2243666 |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=10 June 2020}}</ref> For this, he was praised by the BJP leader and prime minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bailay |first1=Rasul |title=Ladakh MP Jamyang Tsering Namgyal becomes star overnight after Parliament speech |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ladakh-mp-jamyang-tsering-namgyal-scales-twitter-peak-on-political-fervour/articleshow/70580202.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=11 August 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=8 August 2019}}</ref>

==Published works==
* Authored and published a poetry book "༄། །སྙན་ངག་གི་ལེགས་སྐྱེས།། A Gift of Poetry" in 2013
* Authored an article "Divisional Status for Ladakh- Its Implication" published on 11 March 2014 by Daily Excelsior<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/divisional-status-for-ladakh-its-implications/|title=Divisional status for Ladakh- Its implications|first=Daily|last=Excelsior|date=10 March 2014|publisher=}}</ref>
* Authored article "Inclusion of Bhoti Language in the Eight Schedule of Indian Constitution" published by Himalayan Cultural Heritage Foundation as its main story of the year 2012

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{17th LS members from Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namgyal Tsering, Jamyang}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Leh district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Ladakh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Ladakh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhists from India]]
[[Category:University of Jammu alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Buddhists]]

Super Challenge

2025-08-28T07:42:41Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added basic pg w/ infobox

{{More citations needed|date=August 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name = சூப்பர் சேலஞ்ச்
| image = Super Challenge.PNG
| image_size = 260
| genre =
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Rajesh Kannan.A
| screenplay =
| creative_director = Pransh.R
| director = Neelesh
| presenter = [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]] Kavitha Nisha [[Deepak Dinkar]] [[Diya Menon]] [[Aadhavan (artist)|Aadhavan]] Pavithra
| judges =
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 130+
| list_episodes =
| producer = Rathiswaran.C
| company =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 40–45 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|2|8}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|4|16}}
}}

'''''Super Challenge''''' ({{langx|ta|சூப்பர் சேலஞ்ச்}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television game show that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from February 8, 2015 to April 16, 2017. The show's hosts were [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]], Kavitha and Nisha. The show presented celebrities from Sun TV's serials and other Tamil celebrities. They divided into two teams challenging one another in various tasks.

''Super Challenge'' was designed to be a family show and aimed to bring together the entire family audience during Sunday lunchtime.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/tamil/Super-Challenge-A-new-game-show-on-Sun-TV/articleshow/46321484.cms|title=Super Challenge – A new game show on Sun TV - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/27785/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Rishi-returns-with-another-Game-show.htm|title=மீண்டும் கேம் ஷோ நடத்துகிறார் ரிஷி {{!}} Rishi returns with another Game show|last=Dinamalar|date=2015-02-23|work=தினமலர் - சினிமா|access-date=2018-08-10|language=Tamil}}</ref>

The show consisted of 5 rounds.

==Rounds==
The show was organized into multiple rounds:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/tamil/Super-Challenge-A-new-game-show-on-Sun-TV/articleshow/46321484.cms|title=Super Challenge – A new game show on Sun TV|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-14}}</ref>

===Round 1: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (Match the Picture)===
Identify celebrities in photographs.

===Round 2: Konjam Yosi Konjam Vaasi (Pass the Melody)===
Chinese whisper game played with music and instruments.

===Round 3: Pesum Padam (Pictionary)===
Charades played with the help of the celebrities drawing skills.

===Round 4: Weight Party (Weigh the Star)===
Guess the weight of a chosen participant team using a large scale. The team members had to guess the equivalent number of fruits and vegetables it would take to match the celebrities weight.

===Round 5: Beem Boy Beem Boy (Super Sumo)===
The participants overcome their weight and perform challenging tasks wearing sumo suits.

===Episodes===

(*) = Have Storyline

* Eve absent one episode. (7)
* Redwan absent one episode. (9)
* Ameer absent one episode. (11)
* Alia absent two episodes. (3, 7)
* Elisya absent three episodes. (10-12)

{| class=wikitable style="white-space:nowrap;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Characters
!colspan=13|Episodes
|-
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
|-
!Redwan
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Elisya
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{red|✖️}}
|
|-
!Ameer
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Aizat
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Amanda
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Alia
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Eve
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{red|✖️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
!Karthik
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}
|{{green|✔️}}*
|{{green|✔️}}*
|
|-
|}

'''Others'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case
! Season 1
|-
! 1
|Yasmin
|-
! 2
|Isharani
|-
! 3
|Nazrina
|-
! 4
|Felicia
|-
! 5
|Shakira
|-
! 6
|Loges
|-
! 7
|Mastura
|-
! 8
|Ashera
|-
! 9
|Puteri
|-
! 10
|Michelle
|-
! 11
|Azlin
|-
! 12
|Joan Hew
|-
! 13
|Yee Qing Ying
|-
! 14
|Siva
|-
! 15
|Haridass
|-
! 16
|Solehan
|-
! 17
|Azzim
|-
! 18
|Haziq
|-
! 19
|Nafiz
|-
! 20
|James
|-
! 21
|Faez
|-
! 22
|Tuah
|-
! 23
|Imran
|-
! 24
|Faulul
|-
! 25
|Tiensh
|-
! 26
|Mathan
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official Website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/suntv Sun TV on YouTube]
* [http://www.suntv.in/ Sun TV Network] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.sun.in Sun Group] {{in lang|en}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language game shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language talk shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Jhelum (disambiguation)

2025-08-03T17:02:37Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{wikt|Jhelum}}
'''[[Jhelum]]''' is a city in Pakistan on the banks of the Jhelum River.

'''Jhelum''' or '''Jehlum''' may also refer to:
* [[Jhelum District]], an administrative division in Punjab, Pakistan surrounding the city of Jhelum
* [[History of Jhelum]], history of the district of Jhelum, surrounding the city of Jhelum, in modern-day Pakistan
* [[Jhelum River]], a tributary of the Indus in northern Pakistan and Indian Kashmir, also known as Hydaspes
* [[Jhelum Tehsil]], an administrative sub-division in Punjab, Pakistan surrounding the city of Jhelum
* [[Jhelum Valley, Pakistan]], a valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
* River Jhelum, another name for the [[Tan Shan River]] in Hong Kong (China)
* [[Jhelum (ship)]], an East Indiaman, which was abandoned by its crew after it sank in Stanley Harbour in 1871
* [[Battle of Jhelum]], a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Hydaspes (now known as the Jhelum).
* [[Battle of Jhelum - Indian Mutiny]], a battle in 1857 fought between British East India Company Forces and Mutineers

==See also==
*[[Hydaspes (mythology)]], the Jhelum River in mythology
*[[Hydaspes (Mancini)]], an opera by Francesco Mancini

{{disambiguation}}

Pakri, West Champaran

2025-08-01T07:36:19Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: starting data

{{One source|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pakri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| map_caption = Location in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|27.108|N|84.464|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Champaran district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pakri''' is a village in [[West Champaran]] district in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 census of India]], Pakri had a population of 4065 in 823 households. Males constitute 51.6% of the population and females 48.3%. Pakri has an average literacy rate of 46.1%, lower than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 61.5%, and female literacy is 38.4%. In Pakri, 21.1% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/final_pca.aspx|title=Census of India 2011|access-date=13 April 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{West Champaran district}}

[[Category:Villages in West Champaran district]]

{{WestChamparan-geo-stub}}

Don't Worry Be Happy (play)

2025-07-01T19:53:53Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Put Up!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Don't Worry Be Happy
| image =
| caption =
| director = Adwait Dadarkar
| writer = Mihir Rajada
| based_on =
| music = Saiprasad Nimbalkar & Piyush Kulkarni
}}

'''''Don't Worry Be Happy''''' is a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] drama by Mihir Rajda, which was produced on stage in [[Mumbai]], [[India]], in 2016, starring [[Spruha Joshi]] and [[Umesh Kamat]] in lead roles. ''Don't Worry Be Happy'' is produced by Nandu Kadam under the banner of Sonal Productions and directed by Adwait Dadarkar.<ref name="Kulye">{{Cite web|url=http://marathicineyug.com/theatre/news/383-don-t-worry-be-happy-completes-silver-jubilee-shows|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182714/http://marathicineyug.com/theatre/news/383-don-t-worry-be-happy-completes-silver-jubilee-shows|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 March 2016|title=Don’t Worry Be Happy completes Silver Jubilee Shows - Marathi Cineyug|last=Kulye|first=Ajay|website=marathicineyug.com|access-date=2016-04-29}}</ref>

''Don’t Worry Be Happy'' is a drama which "tells the problems of E-generation and tries to find solutions to it".<ref name="Kulye"/>

== Plot ==
The story of ''Don’t Worry Be Happy'' revolves around Akshay ([[Umesh Kamat]]) and Pranoti ([[Spruha Joshi]]), a 21st-century typical Marathi couple immersed in their career with proper family planning and a no children policy for five years of marriage. The story unravels as Pranoti is diagnosed with [[PCOD]].

The reason for [[PCOD]] is stated as ‘stress’, and the couple try to figure out what exactly is the reason behind this ‘stress’ in their life and how to avoid it with a tinge of humour. The story which unfolds is a tale which is common in many of the households today. Infertility, marriage woes, extended family issues – everything is showcased in a delicate manner in the play.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://stylewhack.com/entertainment/marathi-drama-review-dont-worry-happy-45/|title=Marathi Theatrical Play Review – Don’t Worry Be Happy (4/5) - Style Whack|last=Pradnya|date=2016-03-31|website=Style Whack|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Umesh Kamat]] as Akshay
* [[Spruha Joshi]] as Pranoti
* Mihir Rajada as Chintan
* [[Swanandi Tikekar]]

== Production ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Department
!Artists
|-
|Music
|Saiprasad Nimbalkar & Piyush Kulkarni
|-
|Art Director
|Pradeep Mulye
|-
|Light Designer
|Amogh Phadake
|-
|Manager
|Nandu Panashikar
|-
|Production Manager
|Prasad Cheulkar
|}

== Reception ==
<blockquote>According to Stylewhack.com, "the drama nevertheless is heart warming, laughter stimulating and of course giving goosebumps during certain scenes. You can feel the audience’s pulse as they laugh, whistle, clap and sob with Akshay and Pranoti."<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Ceremony
!Category
!Nominee
!Result
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
! rowspan="7" scope="row" | Sanskruti Kaladarpan Awards 2016
|Best Drama
|Don't Worry Be Happy
|Won
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|Best Actor
|[[Umesh Kamat]]
|Won
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.loksatta.com/mumbai-news/sanskruti-kala-darpan-awards-2016-declared-1231934/|title=‘डोंट वरी’, ‘कटय़ार’, ‘अस्सं सासर’ची बाजी|date=2016-04-26|website=Loksatta|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress
|[[Spruha Joshi]]
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Best Director
|Adwait Dadarkar
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Best Actor in supporting role
|Mihir Rajada
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Best Writer
|Mihir Rajada
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Best Lights
|Amogh Phadake
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1"/>
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" | Mata Sanmaan Awards 2016
|Best Actor
|[[Umesh Kamat]]
|Nominated
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marathi.tv/show-serials/mata-sanman-2016/|title=Mata Sanman 2016 Awards, Nominations, Winners|website=Marathi.TV|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress
|[[Spruha Joshi]]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marathi.tv/show-serials/mata-sanman-2016/|title=Mata Sanman 2016 Awards, Nominations, Winners|website=Marathi.TV|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director
|Adwait Dadarkar
|Nominated
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marathi.tv/show-serials/mata-sanman-2016/|title=Mata Sanman 2016 Awards, Nominations, Winners|website=Marathi.TV|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|Best Writer
|Mihir Rajada
|Nominated
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marathi.tv/show-serials/mata-sanman-2016/|title=Mata Sanman 2016 Awards, Nominations, Winners|website=Marathi.TV|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="10" scope="row" | 28th Maharashtra State Marathi Commercial Drama Competition
|Best Drama
|Don't Worry Be Happy
|Won
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.marathidhamaal.com/news/dont-worry-be-happy-scores-a-hattrick|title=‘Don’t Worry Be Happy’ Scores A Hattrick! {{!}} Marathi Dhamaal|website=Marathi Dhamaal|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-04}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor
|[[Umesh Kamat]]
|Silver Medal
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Actress
|[[Spruha Joshi]]
|Silver Medal
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Writer
|Mihir Rajada
|First Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Director
|Adwait Dadarkar
|Second Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Lights
|Amogh Phadake
|Third Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Set
|Pradeep Mulye
|Second Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Costumes
|Chaitrali Dongare
|Second Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Makeup Artist
|Mahendra Zagade
|Third Prize
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Best Music
|Sai-Piyush
|Second Prize
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" | Akhil Bharatiy Marathi Natya Parishad 2016
|Best Actor
|[[Umesh Kamat]]
|Nominated
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Facebook|dwbhnatak}}

[[Category:Indian plays]]
[[Category:Marathi-language plays]]
[[Category:2016 plays]]

Panchtarni

2025-06-18T16:09:22Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: starting post!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panchtarni
| other_name = Panchtarni camp Panchtarni river Panchtarni valley
| nickname =
| settlement_type = River valley and hill camp
| image_skyline = Panchtarni.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of Panchtarni river valley
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.189285|N|75.4981834|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 3505
| elevation_ft = 11500
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu]]
|demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 192126
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Panchtarni''' is a locality in [[Anantnag district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is a popular pilgrimage and tourist destination on the way to [[Amarnath Temple]] near the Amarnath Glacier in [[Himalayas]]. It is located {{Convert|40|km}} from [[Pahalgam]] base camp and {{Convert|15|km}} ahead of last halt camp of [[Sheshnag Lake]] in the north. It is a meadowland on the banks of eponymous ''Panchtarni River'' where five glacier-fed tributary streams meet in eponymous ''Panchtarni Valley'' surrounded by snow-capped mountains at an altitude of {{convert|11500|ft}}.<ref name=pt1>[http://www.liveindia.com/amarnath/5.html Panchtarni of Amrnath yatra], [http://www.liveindia.com Live India].</ref><ref name=pt2>Brajesh Kumar, 2003, [ "Pilgrimage Centres of India"], Diamond Books, pp.81, {{ISBN|8171821855}}.</ref><ref name=pt3>Dr. Shiv Sharma, 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&dq=name+of+river+at+panchtarni&pg=PA210 "India - A Travel Guide"], Fusion Books, pp.210, {{ISBN|8128400673}}</ref> It is also the final helicopter drop off for the Amarnath yatra pilgrims, who have to trek the rest of the {{convert|6|km}} journey either on foot or by mule from this camp.<ref name=pt6>[http://www.himalayanheli.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16&Itemid=22 amarnath yatra heli service], [http://www.himalayanheli.com HimalayanHeli.com].</ref>

==Climate==
It has [[subtropical highland climate]] with the winters being long and cold winter while the summers are short and mild.

===Amarnath Yatra===
{{Main|Amarnath Temple}}
Panchtarni, a rest camp for the [[Amarnath Temple#Yatra (pilgrimage) details and routes|Amarnath yatra]], is located between the base camp at Pahalgam and the last rest camp at [[Sheshnag Lake]] before the final [[Amarnath Temple|Amarnath cave shrine]]. The July-August popular annual Hindu pilgrimage, undertaken by up to 600,000 or more pilgrims to the {{convert|130|ft}}-high glacial Amarnath cave shrine of [[stalagmite|iced stalagmite]] [[Lingam|Shiv linga]] at {{convert|12,756|ft}} in the [[Himalayas]], is called ''Amarnath Yatra''.<ref name=amarn1>[http://www.amarnathyatra.org/yatra.htm "Amarnath Yatra explained"], [http://www.amarnathyatra.org/yatra.htm Amarnath Yatra organisation].</ref><ref>[http://www.oneindiaonline.com/amarnath-yatra-tourism.php "Amarnath Yatra Tourism Information"], [http://www.oneindiaonline.com One India Online]</ref><ref name=boston1>[http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2012/07/amarnath_journey_to_the_shrine.html "Amarnath: Journey to the shrine of a Hindu god"], [http://archive.boston.com Boston.Com], 13 July 20112.</ref><ref>[https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/09/amarnath-yatra Hiking through the mountains of Kashmir]</ref> It begins with a {{convert|43|km}} mountainous trek from the Nunwan and Chandanwari base camps at [[Pahalgam]] and reaches cave-shine after night halts at [[Sheshnag Lake]] and Panchtarni camps.<ref name=camps1>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amarnath-yatra-ends-least-number-of-pilgrims-in-decade/article14576514.ece "Amarnath yatra ends, least number of pilgrims in decade"], [[The Hindu]], 18 August 2016.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gulmarg]]
*[[Gurez]]
*[[Keran, Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Sonamarg]]
*[[Sopore]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Amarnath Temple}}

{{Kashmir Valley}}
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Anantnag district]]

Om Prakash Mishra (politician)

2025-06-10T09:32:12Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Umakanta Samantray]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Om Prakash Mishra''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Satyabadi Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Satyabadi Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/satyabadi-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917657.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Satyabadi, Odisha Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Om Prakash Mishra with 87294 defeats Independent candidate Kamakshya Prasad Pradhan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/satyabadi-odisha-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548492-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Om Prakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Martin Henry St. Leger Nott

2025-06-06T07:36:39Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: minor fix formatting for consistency additionally and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|Officer of the Royal Indian Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific prefix = [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
| name = M. H. St. L. Nott
| honorific suffix = [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire|OBE]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1904|06|30|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1948|03|27|1904|06|30}}
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[Corsica]], [[France]]
| placeofburial =
| image =
| caption =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|British Raj}} {{flag|India}}
| branch = [[Royal Indian Marine]] (1924–1934) {{navy|British Raj}} (1934–1948)
| serviceyears = 1924–1948
| rank = [[File:11-Indian_Navy-CDRE.svg|20px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-6.svg|20px]] [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
| commands = [[Southern Naval Command|Cochin Command]] HMIS Monze {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}} HMIS Investigator (1932) HMIS Pansy HMIS Ramdas
| unit =
| battles = [[World War II]]
| relations =
| awards = [[File:Dso-ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Distinguished Service Order]] [[File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Military)_Ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Mentioned in dispatches]] (2)
| laterwork =
}}

[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Martin Henry St. Leger Nott''', [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire|OBE]] was an Officer in the [[Royal Indian Navy]]. He was the first [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of Staff]] to the [[Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]] after the Independence of India. He died in a plane crash with his family at Mont Cardo, near [[Corsica]], [[France]], at the age of 43.

Nott was regarded as a visionary officer who worked to build the fledgling Indian Navy in her early years after Independence. He is credited with drawing up the plans of the expansion of the RIN, having led the development of the first ten-year plan paper. He was also regarded as an outstanding seaman, excellent [[staff officer]] and a great administrator. As the [[Southern Naval Command#List of Commanders|Naval officer-in-charge Cochin]], he saw potential and advocated the development and expansion of the naval base in [[Cochin]].

==Early life==
Nott was born on 30 June 1904 to [[Major (rank)|Major]] Lewis Herbert William Nott, an officer in the [[British Army]] and Hilda Mary Stephens.<ref name="britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk">{{cite news |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001851/19390628/050/0050 |access-date=2023-10-01 |title=Register |url-access=subscription |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

==Naval career==
Nott joined the [[Royal Indian Marine]] (RIM) at the age of 17 as a [[midshipman]] in 1921.<ref name="PIB Obit">{{cite web |title=DEATH OF COMMODORE NOTT |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-04-03_190.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |date=3 April 1948}}</ref> He was promoted to the rank of [[sub-lieutenant]] on 15 October 1924.<ref name="Sub Lt">{{cite web |title=Page 522 {{!}} Issue 33014, 25 January 1925 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/33014/page/522 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> He specialised in signals and communication and spent his early years based out of Bombay at ''[[HMIS Dalhousie]]''.{{sfn|Singh|1991}}<ref name="UH">{{cite web |title=World War II unit histories & officers |url=https://www.unithistories.com/units_index/default.asp?file=../officers/personsx.html |website=www.unithistories.com}}</ref> After three years in the rank of Sub-Lieutenant, he was promoted to the rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]] on 15 October 1927.<ref>{{cite web |title=Page 8248 {{!}} Issue 33340, 23 December 1927 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/33340/page/8248 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> On 2 October 1934, the RIM was renamed Royal Indian Navy (RIN). The next year, with 8 years service, he was promoted to [[lieutenant commander]] on 15 October 1935.<ref name="Greenwich museum">{{cite book |title=Career of Captain Martin Henry St Ledger Nott, OBE, DSO, RIN (1904–1948). (RIN/42) |publisher=The Royal Indian Navy Association |location=National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London}}</ref>

In the [[1938 New Year Honours]], Nott was awarded the [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]],<ref name="OBE">{{cite web |title=Page 7 {{!}} Supplement 34469, 31 December 1937 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34469/supplement/7 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> Later that year, he was selected to attend the [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich]], the staff course starting on 10 January 1939. He was the only RIN officer to attend the course where he and [[Gerald Gladstone (Royal Navy officer)|Sir Gerald Gladstone]], who rose to become the [[Far East Fleet (United Kingdom)#Commander-in-Chief, Far East Fleet|Commander-in-Chief, Far East Fleet]] were course-mates.<ref>{{cite web |title=(403) – Navy lists > Monthly > 1939 > September – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92719774 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref>

===World War II===
With the outbreak of [[World War II]] in September 1939, Nott was appointed [[commanding officer]] of the auxiliary patrol vessel ''HMIS Ramdas''. Since the ''Ramdas'' was off Karachi, he was also in charge of the Karachi naval defence flotilla.<ref>{{cite web |title=(791) – Navy lists > Monthly > 1939 > December – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92732978 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=(1012) – Navy lists > Monthly > 1940 > June – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92792458 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> On 2 February 1940, he moved to [[Calcutta]] and took command of the [[survey ship]] ''[[HMIS Investigator]]'' and was in charge of the local naval defence flotilla.<ref>{{cite web |title=(110) – Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1940 > October – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92808138 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=(1169) – Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1940 > October – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92820846 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> In March, he took command of the Cornwallis-class [[sloop]] ''HMIS Pansy'' and was back in command of the ''Investigator'' in April. In July, he moved to the Boys' training establishment at Karachi – HMIS Bahadur.<ref name="Greenwich museum"/>

In February 1941, Nott was appointed on the staff of the [[East Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station]] [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] [[Ralph Leatham|Sir Ralph Leatham]]. The East Indies Station was headquartered at {{HMS|Lanka}} in [[Colombo]] and Nott served as the liaison officer to the C-in-C. In August 1940, [[Italian invasion of British Somaliland|Italy invaded British Somaliland]] annexing it. In early 1941, [[Operation Appearance]] was being planned to re-take British Somaliland. Nott played an important part in the arrangements for seaborne supplies for the advancing forces in Italian Somaliland. On 19 April 1941, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[commander]].<ref name="Greenwich museum"/> For good services in operations off the coast of [[Italian East Africa]], he was [[mentioned in dispatches]] on 30 September 1941.<ref>{{cite web |title=Page 5639 {{!}} Issue 35289, 26 September 1941 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35289/page/5639 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> He was appointed Staff Officer (Operations) to the [[Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Navy, East Indies Station war despatches, 1940–41 |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1940-41.htm |website=www.naval-history.net}}</ref> He subsequently moved to the Royal Naval base in the Persian Gulf – HMS ''Seabelle''. For his services in the Persian Gulf, he was mentioned in dispatches for the second time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Page 1106 {{!}} Supplement 35481, 6 March 1942 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35481/supplement/1106 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> In September 1941, he moved to Naval headquarters as the Staff Officer (Plans).<ref name="PIB Obit" /><ref>{{cite web |title=(1026) – Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1942 > April – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92980398 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> During this tenure, on 28 May 1942, he was promoted to the substantive rank of commander.<ref name="Greenwich museum"/> He subsequently worked towards dealing with the menace of Japanese submarines in the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref name="PIB Obit" />

On 1 January 1944, Nott was promoted to the acting rank of [[Captain (naval)|captain]].<ref name="Greenwich museum"/> On 21 March 1944, he was appointed commanding officer of the modified [[Black Swan-class sloop]] {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}}, the [[flagship]] of the Royal Indian Navy.<ref>{{cite web |title=(1123) – Navy lists > Quarterly > 1945 > January > Volume 3 – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93426634 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> He also directed the operations as the Senior Naval Commander of the bombarding force for Japanese positions on the [[Arakan]] coast. The task force consisting of ''Narbada'' and the [[Black Swan-class sloop]] {{ship|HMIS|Jumna|U21}}, was part of a larger British task force which bombarded Japanese positions at [[Isla Pulo]] at the entrance of the [[Malacca Strait]].{{sfn|Singh|1986}} For ''his courage, tenacity and devotion to duty in operations lasting four months, frequently performed under rapidly changing conditions and with difficult lines of communication, on the Arakan Coast'', Nott was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref name="PIB Obit" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Page 3558 {{!}} Supplement 37170, 6 July 1945 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37170/supplement/3558 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> After the [[Surrender of Japan]], the ''Narbada'' sailed to Andaman waters and Nott accepted the surrender of the Japanese [[Brigadier]] in command of the [[Car Nicobar]] garrison onboard the ship.{{sfn|Singh|1986}}

===Post-war career===
In mid-1945, Nott moved to Karachi as the Naval Officer-in-Charge (NOIC), based out of ''HMIS Monze''.<ref>{{cite web |title=(1130) – Navy lists > Quarterly > 1945 > July > Volume 3 – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93504742 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=(167) – Navy lists > Quarterly > 1945 > July > Volume 1 – British Military lists – National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93468074 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> On 1 November 1945, he was appointed Director of Training and Education at Naval HQ. This stint was to be of immense help post-Independence when most of the training establishments were allotted to Pakistan. In April 1946, Nott was appointed Chief Staff Officer (CSO) to the Flag Officer Bombay (FOB), [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear Admiral]] [[Arthur Rullion Rattray]].<ref name="PIB Obit"/> After a short stint, in February 1947, he took command of [[INS Venduruthy|HMIS Venduruthy]] as the Naval Officer-in-charge Cochin. Soon after taking over, he saw the potential of the base and envisioned the development of Cochin as a combined training base. With Nott's efforts, multiple training establishments were set up in Cochin.{{sfn|Singh|1986}}{{sfn|Singh|1991}} On 31 May 1947, he was promoted to the substantive rank of captain.<ref name="Greenwich museum"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Page 3983 {{!}} Issue 38052, 22 August 1947 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38052/page/3983 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref>

===Post-Independence===
After the [[partition of India]], Nott's services were loaned to India. On 15 August 1947, was constituted [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore 2nd class]] and appointed Chief of Staff (COS) to the [[Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]]. The Chief of Staff to the C-in-C was the [[de facto]] [[second in command]] of the RIN. This appointment was re-designated ''Deputy Commander-in-Chief'' in 1949, ''[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]'' in 1955 and ''[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]]'' in 1967.{{sfn|Nanda|2015}} In late-1947, the Navy participated in the [[Annexation of Junagadh]], responsible for landing troops and equipment on the Kathiawar coast. Nott led the planning and control of the operation. The naval force consisted of the frigates – {{ship|HMIS|Kistna|U46}}, {{ship|HMIS|Cauvery|U10}}, {{ship|HMIS|Jumna|U21}}, the minesweepers – {{ship|HMIS|Konkan|J228}}, {{ship|HMIS|Madras|J237}}, {{ship|HMIS|Rohilkand|J180}}, three [[Landing ship, tank|LSTs]] and a [[Motor launch]] ML 420. The force was under the command of Commander [[Ram Dass Katari]].

As COS, Nott was responsible for the planning of the expansion of the Navy for an Independent India. He led the development of the first Plans paper and handpicked Commander [[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]] to head the plans directorate and Lieutenant Commander [[Nilakanta Krishnan]] as staff officer (plans).{{sfn|Krishnan|2014}} The plans paper ''Outline Plan for the Reorganisation and Development of the Indian Navy'' visualised four roles for the Navy:{{sfn|Hiranandani|1999}}

* To safeguard Indian shipping.
* To ensure that supplies could reach and leave by sea in all circumstances.
* To prevent an enemy landing on India's shores.
* To support the Army in sea borne operations.

His paper called for the building of a completely Indian-manned force consisting of two light [[aircraft carrier]]s, three cruisers, eight [[destroyer]]s, four [[submarine]]s and "such smaller ships as were necessary for training and auxiliary purposes."{{Sfn|Singh|1986}} It also envisioned the formation of two fleets, each to be built around a light fleet carrier.{{sfn|Hiranandani|1999}} As a result of the first phase of his plan, the [[Leander-class cruiser (1931)|Leander-class cruiser]] {{ship|HMS|Achilles|70}} was acquired in 1948 and christened {{ship|INS|Delhi|C74}}. Three [[destroyer]]s – {{ship|HMS|Rotherham|H09}}, {{ship|HMS|Redoubt|H41}} and {{ship|HMS|Raider|H15}} were also acquired and renamed {{ship|INS|Rajput|D141}}, {{ship|INS|Ranjit|1949}} and {{ship|INS|Rana|D115}}.{{sfn|Singh|1986}}<ref name="PIB Obit" />

==Personal life==
Nott married Rosemary Kathleen Dampier Terry of London in August 1939. The couple had a son. Nott, Rosemary and their son, all perished in an air crash.<ref name="britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk"/>

==Death and legacy==
On 27 March 1948, Nott was proceeding to the United Kingdom on deputation. He, along with his wife Rosemary and son, were on an [[Indian National Airways Ltd]] flight. The [[Vickers VC.1 Viking]] aircraft crashed near Mont Cardo near Corsica. His death came as a shock to the Navy. Nott was the architect of the ten-year plan and was looking forward enthusiastically to implement the paper. According to Krishnan, he was regarded as an outstanding seaman, excellent staff officer and a great administrator.{{sfn|Krishnan|2014}} The first Indian [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral Katari considered Nott to be the most efficient officer of the Royal Navy deputed to the Indian Navy.{{sfn|Katari|1983}} His vision of a two-fleet navy became a reality in 1971, when the [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]] was formed.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAVY EASTERN FLEET FORMED ADM SARMA PLACED IN COMMAND |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-SEPT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1971-11-18_085.pdf}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] called him "one of the Navy's most efficient and enterprising officers." A special memorial service was held for him attended by the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] [[Sardar Baldev Singh]] and high-ranking officers of the RIN, the [[Indian Army]] and the [[Royal Indian Air Force]]. The [[Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy]] Rear Admiral [[John Talbot Savignac Hall]], the officiating [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]] [[Subroto Mukerjee]], [[Lieutenant General]] [[Dudley Russell]] and [[Major General (India)|Major General]] [[S. M. Shrinagesh]] were in attendance.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU (DEFENCE WING) |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-04-08_207.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |date=8 April 1948}}</ref> After Nott's death, [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] [[Ajitendu Chakraverti]] took over as the officiating Chief of Staff after Nott's death, thus becoming the first Indian to be promoted to the rank of Commodore.<ref name="First Commodore">{{cite web |title=PIB (Defence Wing) |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-05-08_240.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in}}</ref> The Naval headquarters awards an annual ''Commodore Nott prize'' for the best essay on naval matters.{{sfn|Hiranandani|1999}}

==See also==
* [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]
* [[Southern Naval Command]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Under two ensigns: The Indian Navy, 1945–1950|year=1986|isbn= 978-8120400948|publisher=Oxford & IBH Pub. Co}}
*{{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Blueprint to bluewater: The Indian Navy, 1951–65|year=1991|isbn= 978-8170621485|publisher=Lancer International}}
*{{citation|first1=S.M.|last1=Nanda|title=The man who bombed Karachi|year=2015|isbn= 978-8172235628|publisher=HarperCollins}}
*{{citation|first1=Arjun|last1=Krishnan|title=A sailor's story|year=2014|isbn= 978-8189534141|publisher=Punya Publications}}
*{{citation|first1=G.M.|last1=Hiranandani|title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965–1975|year=1999|isbn= 978-1897829721|publisher= Spantech & Lancer}}
*{{citation|first1=Ram Dass|last1=Katari|title=A Sailor Remembers|year=1983|isbn=9780706920642|publisher=Vikas}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-new|reason=First holder}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]] (as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, RIN) |years=1947–1948}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ajitendu Chakraverti]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nott, Martin Henry St. Leger}}
[[Category:Royal Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Deputy chiefs of Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1948]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in France]]

Kottathara, Palakkad

2025-05-09T14:17:25Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{Short description|Village in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kottathara
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.1315|N|76.6846|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Sholayur Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 72.2
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10,195
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 6XXXXX
| registration_plate = KL-50
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kottathara''' is a village in the Sholayur Grama Panchayat of [[Palakkad district]] in Kerala, India. It was part of [[Mannarkkad]] taluk prior to the formation of [[Attappady|Attappady taluk]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India: Villages with population 5000 & above |others=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Kottathara village had a population of 10,195 with 5,072 males and 5,123 females. Kottathara village has an area of {{cvt|72.2|km2}} with 2,790 families residing in it. 9.4% of the population was under 6 years of age. Kottathara had overall literacy of 70.9% lower than state average of 94%; male literacy was 76.6% and female literacy was 65.3%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Palakkad |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=106,107 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3206_PART_B_PALAKKAD.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

Shri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College

2025-04-20T10:01:08Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added initial data added tags

{{Short description|College in Odisha, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Shri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College, Paralakhemundi
| native_name = '''ଶ୍ରୀ କୃଷ୍ଣ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଗଜପତି ସ୍ଵୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ପାରଳାଖେମୁଣ୍ଡି'''
| native_name_lang = or
| image = [[File:College Emblem.jpg|College Emblem]]
| caption = Official Emblem of SKCG Autonomous College
| motto = "असतो मा सद्गमय"
| motto_lang = or
| mottoeng = "From Falsehood Lead Me To Truth"
| established = 1896(As College), 2002(As Autonomous College)
| type = [[Education]] [[Institute]]
| director =
| principal = Dr. Jeetendranath Patnaik
| vice-principal =
| city = [[Paralakhemundi]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = [[India]]{{flagicon|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|18.779536|84.094886}}
| campus = Spread over 60 acre
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Berhampur University]]
| free_label = Acronym
| free =
| website = {{URL|http://www.skcgparala.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Shri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College'''<ref name="Autonomous Colleges of Odisha">{{cite web|title=List of affiliated autonomous colleges|url=http://www.myengg.com/engg/info/38481/university-wise-list-of-ugc-approved-autonomous-colleges-in-orissa-in-2014/|website=www.myengg.com|publisher=myengg.com|accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OSOU Study Centre {{!}} Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati (Autonomous) College, Paralakhemundi, (1001) {{!}} Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur |url=https://osou.ac.in/osousc-1001.php |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=osou.ac.in}}</ref> ({{Langx|or|ଶ୍ରୀ କୃଷ୍ଣଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଗଜପତି ସ୍ଵୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ}}) is an [[autonomous]] college situated in [[Paralakhemundi]] in southern [[Odisha]].

[[File:SKCG College1.jpg|thumb|SKCG College, Paralakhemundi]]
[[File:SKCG College1.jpg|thumb|SKCG College view]]
[[File:SKCG College, Pkd..jpg|thumb|College panoramic view]]

[[File:SKCG College Main Hostel.jpg|thumb|College Main Hostel]]

==History==
The history of growth and development of the college is accredited to the former rulers of [[Paralakhemundi]], and the spread of education in Odisha. The institution was founded in 1896 under the patronage of the Raja of Paralakhemundi Shri Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayana Deo. The then headmaster of M.R.B.H. School Nangu Sreenivas Rao was given the charge of the institution. In the same year, it obtained affiliation as a second grade college from the [[University of Madras|Madras University]]. The college received the status of a first grade college in the year 1936.

Originally affiliated to the [[University of Madras|Madras University]] and then to the [[Andhra University]], the college was one of the first five affiliated colleges with which [[Utkal University]] started functioning in November 1943. On 2 January 1967, [[Berhampur University]] came into existence and since then the college is affiliated with it.

On 11 July 1947, the management was taken over by the [[Government of Odisha|Government of Orissa]] and the college was renamed Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College. Towards the end of 1948, the college was shifted from its old building to the Morrison Extension, in which it is housed today. The college celebrated its centenary from 10 to 12 January 2001.

The college uses its own methods of admission, evaluation, and conduct of examinations. The students’ performance is evaluated both internally and externally. The college has its own Boards of Studies and an Academic Council to achieve the aims and objectives of Autonomy.<ref name="Autonomous Colleges of Berhampur University">{{cite web|title=List of affiliated colleges of Berhampur University|url=http://www.indiaeducationguidance.com/vikram/list-affiliated-colleges-berhampur-university|website=www.indiaeducationguidance.com|accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref>

The college was one of the first Lead Colleges of Orissa in 1990. The institute is the second-oldest college in the state. The college has been assessed by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) of India in September 2004 and received B Grade.

== Notable alumni ==

* [[Giridhar Gamang]] (Former Chief minister of Odisha)
* Prasant Padhi (Singer)
* Sibaram Satapathy (Writer)
* [[Harish Chandra Buxipatra]] (member of Orissa Legislative Assembly)

== Hostel ==
The college hostels provide accommodation for 240 boarders. The S.K.C.G. Boys' Hostel and the P.M.N. Hostel have a capacity of 110 and 50 boarders respectively.

== Departments ==
The college has a sanctioned strength of 2016 students and 83 teachers. It has affiliation in almost all major disciplines in the faculties of [[Arts]], [[Science]], and [[Commerce]]. From the session 1996-97 P.G. courses in Mathematics has been added to the already existing post graduate teaching facilities in [[Economics]], [[Chemistry]], Oriya, [[Commerce]], and [[Life Science]]. Besides teaching facilities for Honors courses in [[Mathematics]], [[Physics]], Chemistry Botany, [[Zoology]], [[Computer application]], [[English language|English]], Oriya, [[Sanskrit]], [[Geography]], [[History]], [[Political science|Political Science]], & [[Economics]] the college also offers teaching in subjects like [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], [[Logic]], [[Philosophy]], and [[Home economics|Home Science]]. The [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] has opened a center in this college.

== Infrastructure ==
* The college has 42 classrooms, 8 galleries and 3 halls.
* The ground area is of 22,317m2
* The college campus has separate buildings for Science, Commerce, and Arts.
* The Library Block has an Auditorium on the first floor, which was built in the year 1964–65.
* Extension of the main building includes a two storied block for the Humanities, an open-air stage, Geography Department, a cycle stand, a canteen, an animal house, a workshop, and the acquisition of the Mission Bungalow.

{{wide image|SKCG College, Pkd..jpg|900px|Panoramic view of SKCG College}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Autonomous Colleges of Odisha]]
[[Category:Gajapati district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1896]]
[[Category:1896 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]

GiMA Award for Best Film Album

2025-04-02T14:32:00Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
The '''GiMA Best Film Album''' is given by Global Indian Music Academy as a part of its annual [[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]].

==List of winners==
* '''2010 ''[[3 Idiots ]]'' – [[Shantanu Moitra]]'''<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/3-idiots-sweeps-top-honours-at-gima-awards/709777/ |title='3 idiots' sweeps top honours at GIMA awards |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 November 2010 |accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
* '''2011 ''[[Dabangg]]'' – [[Sajid–Wajid]], [[Lalit Pandit]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/winners-2011.php |title=Winners: Chevrolet GiMA Awards 2011 Powered By Lava Music Phones |work=GiMA |accessdate=7 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715081852/http://gima.co.in/winners-2011.php |archivedate=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/film-nominees-2011.php |title= "Film Nominations: Chevrolet GiMA Awards 2011 Powered By Lava Music Phones |work=GiMA |accessdate=7 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715151836/http://gima.co.in/film-nominees-2011.php |archivedate=15 July 2014}}</ref>
** ''[[Anjaana Anjaani]]'' – [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
** ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]'' – Salim–Sulaiman
** ''[[Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai ]]'' – [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
** ''[[Raajneeti]]'' – Pritam, [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], [[Shantanu Moitra]], Wayne Sharpe
** ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' – Vishal–Shekhar
* '''2012 ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' – [[A. R. Rahman]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/2012_film_winners.php|title= "Film Music Winners: The Chevrolet Star GiMA Awards 2012 Powered By LR Active|work=GiMA |accessdate=2 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113952/http://www.gima.co.in/2012_film_winners.php |archivedate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php?y=2012 |title=Film Music Nominations: Chevrolet GiMA Awards 2012 Powered By LR Active |work=GiMA |accessdate=2 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203093455/http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php?y=2012 |archivedate=3 February 2015}}</ref>
** ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]'' – [[Ram Sampath]]
** ''[[Ra.One]]'' – [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
** ''[[The Dirty Picture]]'' – Vishal–Shekhar
** ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' – [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
* '''2013''' – ''(no award given)''
* '''2014 ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' – [[Mithoon]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Jeet Gannguli]] '''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/gima-awards-2014-who-won-what/ |title=GiMA Awards 2014 : Who Won What? |work=Koimoi |date=21 January 2014 |accessdate=5 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205224744/http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/gima-awards-2014-who-won-what/ |archivedate=5 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |title=Film Music Nominations: 4th Gionne Star Global Indian Music Academy (GiMA) Awards 2014 Powered By Reliance 3G |work=GiMA |accessdate=2 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203092409/http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |archivedate=3 February 2015}}</ref>
** ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' – [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
** ''[[Raanjhanaa]]'' – [[A. R. Rahman]]
** ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' – [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
** ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' – [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
* '''2015 ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'' – [[A. R. Rahman]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |title=Film Music Nominees: GiMA 2015 |work=GiMA |accessdate=4 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205084651/http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |archivedate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
** ''[[2 States (2014 film)|2 States]]'' – [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
** ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' – [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
** ''[[CityLights (2014 film)|CityLights]]'' – [[Jeet Gannguli]]
** ''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]'' – [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
** ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]'' – [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Sharib Sabri|Sharib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]]
* '''2016 ''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]'' – [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]'''
** ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' – [[A. R. Rahman]]
** ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]'' – [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
** ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' – [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
** ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' – [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]

==See also==
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]
[[Category:Album awards]]

{{Music-award-stub}}

S. T. Narasimhan

2025-03-13T03:39:44Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: starting a entry!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
'''S. T. Narasimhan''' (1913{{dash}}1959) was an Indian [[Electrophysiology|electrophysiologist]]. He started the first [[Electroencephalography]] (EEG) laboratory in India at Madras (now [[Chennai]]) in 1950.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTTYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA819|title=History of Neurology|publisher=Elsevier|author=Stanley Finger, Francois Boller, Kenneth L. Tyler|year=2009|pages=819|isbn=978-0-7020-3541-8}}</ref><ref name="Intro">{{cite journal |title=The Madras Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai|journal=[[Neurology India]]|date=20 March 2004|doi=10.4103/0028-3886.170058 |last1=Ramesh|first1=Vengalathurganesan|last2=Bhanu|first2=Kesavamurthy|last3=Jothi|first3=Ranganathan|volume=63|issue=6|pages=940–946|pmid=26588630 |doi-access= free}}</ref> He was best known for collaborative works with neurologists [[Jacob Chandy]], [[Balasubramaniam Ramamurthi]] and [[Baldev Singh (neurologist)|Baldev Singh]] and together they have been credited to be pioneers in development of [[epilepsy]] surgery in India.<ref name="surgery">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7brLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|encyclopedia=Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery|title=Epilepsy surgery in India|publisher=CRS Press|editor-last=Luders|editor-first=Hans O.|last1=Lachhwani|first1=D.K.|last2=Radhakrishnan|first2=K|year=2008|pages=134–135|isbn=978-0-203-09170-8}}</ref> They also helped in establishing the [[Neurological Society of India]] in 1951 at Madras.<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/03/08/stories/13080783.htm|title=Unravelling the brain|work=[[The Hindu]]|date= 8 March 2001|access-date=8 November 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Life ==
Not much is known about the life of Narasimhan; but Balasubramaniam Ramamurthi's biography ''Uphill All The Way'' gives some details. Narasimhan was born in 1913, and around 1945 he sold his medical practice in India so he could go to the United States of America to further his studies.<ref name="NMJI" />{{rp|360}} He was a General Surgeon and at the [[Neurological Institute of New York]] he trained in neurology and neurosurgery. He returned to India in 1948 and started his private practice setting up a neurosurgical nursing home and EEG laboratory and stayed in the residential areas of [[Kilpauk]], [[Chennai]].<ref name="NMJI"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2004;volume=52;issue=1;spage=27;epage=31;aulast=Sridhar|title=Prof. B. Ramamurthi: The legend and his legacy|date=2004|access-date=8 November 2016|author=Sridhar K.|issue=1|journal=Neurology India|volume=52|pages=27–31|pmid=15069235}}</ref>

Dr. Balasubramaniam had set up the Department of Neurosurgery at the [[Government General Hospital, Chennai]] in 1950 and Narasimhan joined him as an honorary assistant surgeon. During the pioneering days, X-rays and EEG were used in diagnosis as angiography was not yet available in India. During the neurosurgical procedures that Balasubramaniam under took, Narasimhan assisted him in EEG service and in later patient care. Narasimhan earned around {{INR|30|1953|about=yes|link=yes}} for each procedure from the then [[Madras State|Government of Madras]].<ref name="NMJI"/> In 1951, Singh, Chandy, Ramamurthi and Narasimhan established the Neurological Society of India and together find credit as pioneers of epilepsy surgery in India.<ref name="surgery"/>

In 1959, Narasimhan became the Honorary Professor of [[Electroencephalography]]. The same year, he died at an early age of 46 at [[Bangalore]] of unknown reasons.<ref name="NMJI">{{cite journal|url=http://archive.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/10-26-6-Corres-(12-7-14).pdf|last=Nair|first=K. Rajasekharan|journal=National Medical Journal of India|title=Preserving the legacy: The history of Indian neurosciences|date=2013|access-date=8 November 2016|volume=26|issue=6|pages=359–360 |pmid=25074002 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasimhan, S. T.}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Electrophysiologists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian neurosurgeons]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]

Salem Chandrasekharan

2025-02-06T05:46:48Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: further rework references for clarity and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Indian film producer and distributor (died 2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{infobox person
|name=Salem Chandrasekharan
|death_date=10 May 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/suriyas-ghajini-dhanushs-sullan-producer-passes-away-due-to-covid-complications.html | title=Suriya's Ghajini, Dhanush's Sullan producer passes away due to Covid complications ft Salem Chandrasekharan | date=11 May 2021 }}</ref>
|occupation=Film producer, distributor
|years_active=2004–2015
}}
'''Salem Chandrasekharan''' (died 10 May 2021) was an Indian film producer and distributor. He produced high-budget [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films like ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' and ''[[Sabari (2007 film)|Sabari]]'' under Sree Saravana Creations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/10343.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902080135/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/10343.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2006|title=''Sabari'' Movie Launch|date=19 September 2006|work=IndiaGlitz|access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiaglitz.com/salem-chandrasekhar-a-persevering-producer-tamil-news-24399| title = Salem Chandrasekhar - A persevering producer - Tamil News - IndiaGlitz.com| date = 10 August 2006}}</ref>

== Business ==
Before venturing into film production, Chandrasekharan was a distributor and owner of a three-screen theatre in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] named ARK Complex.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/money-matters/article6793734.ece| title = Money matters - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 16 January 2015| last1 = Joseph| first1 = Raveena}}</ref> His first production was ''[[Sullan]]'' (2004) and later was supposed to produce [[Vetrimaaran]]'s debut film ''Desiya Nedunchaalai'' with [[Dhanush]], which was later shelved.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiaglitz.com/salem-chandrasekhar-a-persevering-producer-tamil-news-24399| title = Salem Chandrasekhar - A persevering producer - Tamil News - IndiaGlitz.com| date = 10 August 2006}}</ref> Despite the success of ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2005), his following ventures did not perform well. Owing to financial issues, he also had to pause work on the production of [[Karu Pazhaniappan]]'s ''Asokamithran'', also starring [[Dhanush]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/19102005-4.shtml |title=Dailynews - 'Asokamithran' adds to Dhanush's troubles |website=cinesouth.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204032137/http://cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/19102005-4.shtml |archive-date=4 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His final project, ''[[Killadi]]'' (2015), released almost a decade after the film was shot, owing to financial problems. He later sold his theatres to [[Aascar Ravichandran]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/43523042/ | title=Aascar Entertainment Private ... Vs A.Chandrasekaran on 10 April, 2018 }}</ref>

== Death ==
Chandrasekharan died on 10 May 2021 due to [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/may/10/ghajini-sullan-producer-salem-chandrasekharan-passes-away-due-to-covid-19-24423.html| title = Ghajini, Sullan producer Salem Chandrasekharan passes away due to COVID-19- Cinema express| website = [[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''[[Sullan]]'' (2004)
*''[[February 14 (film)|February 14]]'' (2005)
*''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2005)
*''[[Sabari (2007 film)|Sabari]]'' (2007)
*''[[Killadi]]'' (2015)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrasekharan, Salem}}
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Mambazham (poem)

2024-12-26T21:07:20Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: minor edit

{{short description|1936 poem by Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
"'''Mambazham'''" ('''മാമ്പഴം)'''( ''lit''. '''Ripen Mango''' )is the most famous [[poem]] by [[Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon]]. He penned it in 1936. The poem portrays a mother mourning her son and was a part of a collection published in 1936, in the [[Onam]] Edition of the ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' newspaper.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=1 October 2010|title=വിജയന്‍ മാഷ് പറഞ്ഞത്‌|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/books/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C-1.201257|access-date=2019-03-01|website=Mathrubhumi|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201606/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/books/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C-1.201257|url-status=live}}</ref> Menon states the main inspiration behind this poem is the memory of his brother, who died when he was four years old. In 1947, the poem was included in a compilation called ''Kanikoyithu''. [[K. G. Marar|K G Marar]] and [[M. N. Vijayan|M N Vijayan]] reviewed the poem. The former praised it as a symbol of a renaissance in [[Malayalam literature|Malayalam poetry]].<ref name=":0" />

== Synopsis ==
The poem uses mango imagery to trigger the mother's reminiscences of the scolding she gave her son that drove him away. He then died. The mourning mother is consoled by her son in the form of a cool breeze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://smrithipuranam.blogspot.com/2012/01/vailoppilly-mambazham-malayalam-poem.html|title=മാമ്പഴം Vailoppilli Mambazham – Malayalam poem|last=ആദില്‍|date=2012-01-05|website=സ്മൃതിപുരാണം|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>

== References ==
<references responsive="0" />[https://malayalamkavithakal.com/mambazham-vyloppilly/ '''The Lyrics and Audio of Poem Mambazham'''] [https://malayalamkavithakal.com/mambazham-vyloppilly/ മാമ്പഴം കവിതയുടെ വരികൾ, ഓഡിയോ]

[https://malayalamkavithakal.com/category/vailoppilli/ '''Other poems of Vyloppilly Sreedharan Menon'''] [https://malayalamkavithakal.com/category/vailoppilli/ വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി മാഷിന്റെ മറ്റു കവിതകൾ]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mango (Poem)}}
[[Category:Poems in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Poems about death]]
[[Category:1936 poems]]

Kriti Singh Debbarma

2024-06-11T08:01:06Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

#redirect [[Kriti Devi Debbarman]]

Rex Varghese

2023-11-14T06:09:15Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: starting article

{{Short description|Indian bodybuilder}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
'''Rex Varghese''' (died 22 January 2013) was an Indian bodybuilder who became the first Keralite to win the Mr India title in the 90 kg category in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kerala/Former-Mr-India-Rex-Varghese-commits-suicide/Article1-998222.aspx |title=Former 'Mr India' Rex Varghese commits suicide - Hindustan Times |access-date=2013-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331095023/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kerala/Former-Mr-India-Rex-Varghese-commits-suicide/Article1-998222.aspx |archive-date=2013-03-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/former-mr-india-rex-varghese-commits-suicide/1063139/ | title=Former 'Mr India' Rex Varghese commits suicide | date=22 January 2013 | author=PTI | newspaper=The Indian Express | access-date=22 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ibbfindia.com/champs/rex_vergees/ |title = REX VERGEES e1305088282573|date = 10 May 2011}}</ref> He also had Junior Mr India, Mr Kerala, Muscleman of Kerala, Mr Kerala Olympia titles to his credit.

==Background==
He was born to Varghese and Mary in a middle-class family. He became Sub Junior Mr Thrissur at the age of 16. Hailing from Mambra, [[Koratty]], [[Thrissur]].

==Career==
Won the titles,
*Junior Mr India 2001 Jaipur<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asianetindia.com/former-mr-india-rex-varghese-hangs-himself/ |title=Former Mr. India Rex Varghese hangs himself | Kerala Latest News | Kerala Breaking News | Kerala Latest Headlines | Latest Kerala News | Health | Women | Business | NRI | IT | Sports | News Breaks | News |access-date=24 July 2013 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126090238/http://asianetindia.com/former-mr-india-rex-varghese-hangs-himself/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Mr India
*Mr Kerala
*Muscleman of Kerala
*Mr Kerala Olympia
He was working as a travelling ticket examiner (TTE) with the Railways. He was unemployed in his last days.

==Death==
Rex Varghese committed suicide in his house at [[Koratty]] on 22 January 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1432237.ece| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130125005325/http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1432237.ece| archive-date = 2013-01-25| title = Former Mr India Rex Varghese ends life - The New Indian Express}}</ref> He was a bachelor.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varghese, Rex}}
[[Category:Indian male bodybuilders]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Thrissur]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]

Nirancal

2023-10-30T12:58:28Z

Imtiaz Qureshi:

{{short description|Village in Goa, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

'''Nirancal''' is a village in the [[Ponda taluka]] (sub-district) of Goa, India.

==Area, population==

According to the official 2011 Census,<ref>{{cite book |title=Census of India 2011: Series-31 Part XII-B: Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstract (PCA) |date=16 June 2014 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Goa |pages=132 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3001_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20GOA.pdf |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> Nirancal in Ponda taluka has an area of 1989.30 hectares, a total of 406 households, a population of 1,772 (comprising 880 males and 892 females) with an under-six years population of 135 (comprising 68 boys and 67 girls).

==Location==

Nirancal is located in the south eastern part of Ponda taluka. Nirancal is to the north of Dabal.

It lies approx 9.1 km from the sub-district (taluka) headquarters of Ponda town (via the Rajiv Kala Mandir Road and the Upper Bazaar), and approx 40.8 km away from the district North Goa headquarters of Panaji or Panjim via the NH748.

==Local jurisdiction==

Nirancal lies under the Bethora-Nirankal gram panchayat.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|15|21|38|N|74|04|48|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirancal (Village)}}
[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]

Lok Dal

2023-04-07T21:14:35Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Redirect article

#redirect [[Lokdal]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject India/Outreach/Newsletter/November 2006

2023-03-12T13:56:22Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: Added first stub w/ infobox

== [[Image:Flag_of_India.svg|28px]] WikiProject India Newsletter: Volume I, Issue 2 - November 2006==

{| style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px; font-size:0.90em;"
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*'''''The Performing Community''''': Thanks to many contributors like you, we're proud to share that our community is the third most performing community. It has more than 50 FAs related to India, to its credit, lagging only behing Wikiproject Biography and WikiProject Military History. <div align="right">(Courtesy: [[User:Ganeshk|Ganeshk]] at [[Wikipedia_talk:Notice_board_for_India-related_topics#Top_20_projects_with_highest_FAs| Discussion Board]]).</div>

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*'''''Indian Administrators''''': There are [[:Category:Indian Wikipedia administrators|21 Indian Administrators]] in Wikipedia at the last count. The recent Wikipedians to be successful at [[WP:RFA|RFA]] were [[User:Lostintherush|Lostintherush]] and [[User:Shyam Bihari|Shyam Bihari]].
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*'''''Welcome'''''. It has been weeks and months since the idea of newsletter was mooted among the WikiProject India Community. This would be our first full-fledged edition of our Newsletter, and we'd like to start by saying we are very happy to have you among us.

*This is your newsletter, and we want you to be part of it as well. Provide us with news tips [[Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Outreach/Newsletter/Newstips|here]]. It can be anything related to the project, from discussions to calls for help, and other interesting stuff within our community. If you have received or given any barnstars recently, do let us know.

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MH SH 195

2023-03-12T03:56:44Z

Imtiaz Qureshi: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[State Highway 195 (Maharashtra)]]