Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Independent and Public Spirited Media Foundation

2023-10-06T10:12:27Z

Imdavid21: Created page with '{{Infobox organization | name = Independent and Public-Spirited Media Foundation | image = | image_caption = (optional) | formation = July 1, 2015 | headquarters = (optional) | type = Public charitable trust | registration = Trust deed | registration_date = July 1, 2015 | purpose = Promoting excellence in independent, public-spirited journalism | assistance = Financial and other support for public-interest information | registration_number = CIT(E)/BLR/12A...'

{{Infobox organization
| name = Independent and Public-Spirited Media Foundation
| image =
| image_caption =
| formation = {{start date and age|2015|07|01}}
| headquarters =
| website = {{URL|https://ipsmf.org/}}
| abbreviation = IPSMF
| type = Public charitable trust
| purpose = Promoting excellence in "independent, public-spirited journalism"
| endowment = Financial and other support for public-interest information
| registration_id = CIT(E)/BLR/12A/M-134/AABT12413E/ITO(E)-1/ Vol 2015-2016
}}
The '''Independent and Public-Spirited Media Foundation''' is an Indian public charitable trust, established on July 1, 2015. The foundation works to promote quality independent journalism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-09-20 |title=With starting corpus of Rs 100 cr, Bengaluru billionaires register media trust |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/commodities/bengaluru-billionaires-register-media-trust/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2019-12-03 |title=Kiran Mazumdar Shaw Funds Anti-Govt Propagandist IPSMF: Malviya |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/kiran-mazumdar-shaw-funds-anti-govt-propagandist-ipsmf-bjp-amit-malviya |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=About Us |url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/about-us |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=The India Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPSMF {{!}} The Independent and Public-Spirited (IPS) Media Foundation |url=https://ipsmf.org/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The foundation was started with a fund of Rs 100 [[crore]] by a group of [[Bengaluru]] businessmen, including [[Azim Premji]], the chairman of [[Wipro]], and philanthropist [[Rohini Nilekani]].<ref name=":0" />

In August 2016 the foundation awarded a grant of Rs 1.95 [[crore]] to the Foundation for Independent Journalism (FIJ), a non-profit company that publishes ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]''. The group was awarded a second tranch of Rs 1.75 crore in March 2017. In 2018, IPSMF granted FIJ Rs 3.26 crore and committed to funding them for 2018-2019 as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How The Wire is Funded |url=https://thewire.in/media/how-the-wire-is-funded |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://mainmedia.in/about-us/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Main Media |language=Hi-IN}}</ref>

IPSM has also provided financial support to Spunklane Media Private Limited for the purpose of reporting and publishing stories of public interest under the section 'Delve'.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian journalism organisations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]

{{India-org-stub}}

DIGIPUB

2023-10-05T12:07:35Z

Imdavid21: Created page with '{{Infobox organization | name = DIGIPUB News India Foundation | logo = | type = Non-profit organization | purpose = Advocacy for digital news media organizations | location = | membership = Digital news media organizations, independent journalists, commentators | website = https://www.digipubindia.in/ }} The '''DIGIPUB News India Foundation''' is a non-profit organization formed by digital media organizations with the intent to create a healthy and robus...'

{{notability|date=October 2023}}
{{Revdel-copyvio|url=https://www.digipubindia.in/|start=1178464958}}{{Infobox organization
| name = DIGIPUB News India Foundation
| formation = 27 October 2020
| logo = DIGIPUB.png
| abbreviation = DIGIPUB
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| purpose = Advocacy for digital news media organizations
| location =
| membership = * Digital news media organizations
* "Independent journalists"
* Commentators
| sec_gen = * [[Ritu Kapur]]
* [[Abhinandan Sekhri]]
| leader_title = Chairperson
| leader_name = * [[Dhanya Rajendran]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| board_of_directors = * [[Ritu Kapur]]
* [[Aniruddha Bahal]]
* [[Abhinandan Sekhri]]
* [[Sujit Nair]]
* [[Dhanya Rajendran]]
* [[Samar Harlankar]]
* [[Meena Kotwal]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.digipubindia.in/}}
}}

The '''DIGIPUB News India Foundation''' is an Indian [[non-profit organization]] formed by digital media organizations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Home, DigiPub |url=https://www.digipubindia.in/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=DigiPub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=DIGIPUB News India Foundation (SRB for News Publishers) {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/selfregulatorybodies/digipub-news-india-foundation-srb-news-publishers |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=mib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=11 digital publishers come together to form DIGIPUB News India Foundation |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/digital-news/11-digital-publishers-come-together-to-form-digipub-news-india-foundation-108668.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2020-10-06 |title=11 digital news publishers form DIGIPUB News India Foundation |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/11-digital-news-publishers-form-digipub-news-india-foundation-136289 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2020-10-27 |title=Digital News Orgs, Journalists Form DIGIPUB News India Foundation |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/digipub-news-india-foundation-announced |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=N. L. |date=2020-10-27 |title=Eleven digital outlets launch new body to create ‘a healthy news ecosystem’ |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/10/27/eleven-digital-outlets-launch-new-body-to-create-a-healthy-news-ecosystem |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Newslaundry}}</ref>

== Founding Members ==
Organizations''':<ref name=":0" />'''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
* [[Alt News]]
* Article 14
* Boomlive
* [[Cobrapost]]
* HW News
* [[NewsClick|Newsclick]]
* [[Newslaundry]]
* [[Scroll.in|Scroll]]
* [[The News Minute]]
* [[The Quint]]
* [[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]
Notable members include ''[[Awadh Punch]]'', [[Barkha Dutt]] Media, [[Citizen Matters]], [[Countercurrents.org]], ''[[Dalit Camera]]'', ''[[EastMojo]]'', and [[Ravish Kumar]].<ref name=":0" />

== Individual or commentariat ==
* Abhishek Srivastava
* [[Ajit Anjum]]
* [[Alok Joshi]]
* Jatin Gandhi
* Ranjona Banerji
* Sakshi Joshi
* Late Vinod Dua
* Abhisar Sharma
* Abrar Bhat
* Ram Dutt Tripathi
* Navin Kumar
* Abu Aimal Azad
* Mohammed Akram Ali
* Kunal Majumdar
* Vaidehi Taman

== Leadership ==
* Chairperson – [[Dhanya Rajendran]], [[The News Minute]]<ref name=":0" />
* General Secretaries – [[Ritu Kapur]], The Quint & [[Abhinandan Sekhri]], Newslaundry<ref name=":0" />

DIGIPUB has an internal committee to "ensure industry-wide self-regulation, consisting of individuals with a strong public service record and accomplishments". The committee members include:
* Former Supreme Court judge Justice [[Madan Lokur]]<ref name=":0" />
* Ms. Swarna Rajagopalan, founder, and director for the Prajnya Trust<ref name=":0" />
* [[Bezwada Wilson]], activist and National Convenor of the Safai Karmachari Andolan

== Membership ==
Organizations/entities and individual journalists/commentators can become members of DIGIPUB by meeting certain criteria. Membership fees and application processes vary for organizations and individuals.
==See also==
*[[Tek Fog]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian journalism organisations]]
[[Category:Digital media organizations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2020]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in India]]

Worthy Wellness Foundation

2023-07-18T12:31:28Z

Imdavid21: Shared a valuable publication.

{{Short description|Public relations company}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Worthy Wellness Foundation}}
{{Use American English}}
{{Use mdy dates}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Worthy Wellness Foundation
| logo = Worthy wellness foundation Logo.png
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_caption =
| trading_name =
| native_name = वर्दी वैलनेस फाउंडेशन
| native_name_lang = hni
| type = [[Private company]]
| traded_as =
| industry = [[Public relations]]
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|2022}}
| founders = Rajendra Saini, Harshit Bajpai
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| locations = 
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = Harshit Bajpai ([[Chief executive officer|Managing Director]]) Rajendra Saini ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])
| products =
| brands =
| production =
| services = [[Public relations]] [[Advertising]] [[Brand|Brand marketing]] [[Crisis management]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions = Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://worthywellness.in/|worthywellness.in}} {{URL|https://rashtriyapratishtha.com/|rashtriyapratishtha.com}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
| bodystyle =
}}
'''Worthy Wellness Foundation''' is an [[India]]n [[Public relations|Public Relations Agency]] founded in 2022 by Rajendra Saini and Harshit Bajpai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Worthy Wellness Foundation is expanding its Influence. |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/worthy-wellness-foundation-elevating-excellence-through-the-rashtriya-pratishtha-purushkar-and-expanding-its-reach20230714161911/ |website=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is headquartered in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":3" /> They offer a variety of personalized media packages and specialize in aiding [[business]]es and individuals to enhance their digital presence to reach a wider audience to achieve their online objectives.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Business News {{!}} Worthy Wellness Foundation: Elevating Excellence Through the Rashtriya Pratishtha Purushkar and Expanding Its Reach |url=https://www.latestly.com/agency-news/business-news-worthy-wellness-foundation-elevating-excellence-through-the-rashtriya-pratishtha-purushkar-and-expanding-its-reach-5265907.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> They are also known for providing an award called the Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar - Honoring India's Outstanding Achievers |url=https://rashtriyapratishtha.com/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=चित्रकार राहुल सोनी को राष्ट्रीय प्रतिष्ठा पुरस्कार 2022 |url=https://udaipurtimes.com/news/Rashtriya-Pratishtha-Award-to-Rahul-Soni/cid8667794.htm |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=udaipurtimes.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=up18news |title=Worthy Wellness Foundation: Pioneering New Avenues with Magazine Launch |url=https://up18news.com/worthy-wellness-foundation-pioneering-new-avenues-with-magazine-launch/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Up18 News |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The Worthy Wellness Foundation was established in 2022 by Harshit Bajpai and Rajendra Saini.<ref name=":1" /> While they were working in the content creation industry, both of them came up with the idea of opening a PR agency with a focus on [[storytelling|strategic storytelling]] and effective communication to a targeted audience for the client.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangesh Ramesh Gawande honored with National Prestige Award |url=https://www.udrop.com/file/KlrD/Mangesh_Ramesh_Gawande_honored_with_National_Prestige_Award.pdf |website=Maharashtra Sarthi}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Notable clients include Chef Kaviraj Khialani, Singer Zakir Abbasi, and Bollywood artist Anamta Ahmad.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />

== Services==
It provides services in the public relations domain like [[public relations|strategic public relations]], [[Brand|brand marketing]], [[crisis management]], and [[digital media |digital media management]].<ref name=":3" /> Its services comprise various media-related tasks, ranging from the creation of press releases and the organization of effective [[media event]]s, to securing significant [[media coverage]] and managing online reputations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Services – Worthy Wellness |url=https://worthywellness.in/services/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Singer Zakir gets Prestige Award from Worthy Wellness Foundation |url=https://www.udrop.com/file/KlrE/Singer_Zakir_gets_Prestige_Award.pdf |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref>

==Notable works ==
The foundation gives awards known as the Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar<ref name=":4" /> to individuals for their contributions to the society.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=युवा लेखक विपिन को मिला राष्ट्रीय प्रतिष्ठा पुरस्कार |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/hazaribagh/story-young-writer-vipin-got-national-award-7736423.html |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref> It was established with the aim of honoring and recognizing aspiring [[artist]]s, [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneurs]], [[influencers]], [[social work]]ers, and [[professional]]s <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotdwar News: प्राध्यापक अंकेश चौहान राष्ट्रीय प्रतिष्ठा पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/kotdwar/professor-ankesh-chauhan-honored-with-national-prestige-award-kotdwar-news-drn429007176 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Young social worker Manish Lodhi honored with Rashtriya Pratishtha Purushkar |url=https://www.udrop.com/KlrH/wellness_foundation_-_1.pdf |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Dhara News |language=hi}}</ref> who have demonstrated exceptional work in their respective fields. The awards serve as a platform to celebrate their significant contributions and achievements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards and Recognition |url=https://rashtriyapratishtha.com/aweardee/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Rashtriya Pratishtha Puraskar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashtriya Pratishtha Purushkar conferred upon Dr. Priya Arya |url=https://www.udrop.com/file/KlrG/wellness_foundation_news_-_2.pdf |website=Unique Samay}}</ref> As of now, they have 20,000 nominations, and 1000 people have been awarded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worthy Wellness – Nominate Now |url=https://worthywellness.in/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Companies established in 2022]]
[[Category:Public relations companies]]
[[Category:Service companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Lucknow]]

Poolapatti

2023-07-15T04:27:02Z

Imdavid21:

{{Short description}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Poolapatti
| official_name = Poolappatti
| native_name = பூலாபட்டி
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name = Poolampatti
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hamlet / Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt = The location of Poolapatti in Tamil Nadu Map
| pushpin_map_caption = The location of this village in Tamil Nadu Map
| coordinates = {{coord|12.0437|N|78.1675|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Thaluk]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Nallampalli taluk|Nallampalli]]<ref>https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/sites/default/files/Territorial%20Jurisdiction%20of%20Dharmapuri%20District.pdf</ref>
| subdivision_type5 = [[Panchayat samiti|Block]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Nallampalli block|Nallampalli]]
| subdivision_type6 = [[Gram panchayat|Panchayat]]
| subdivision_name6 = Mittareddihalli
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 103
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = Secondary
| demographics1_info2 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 636804
| postal2_code_type = [[Post Office]]
| postal2_code = Laligam<ref>https://pincode.net.in/636804</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-4348
| registration_plate = TN-29
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Member
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[S. Senthilkumar (politician)|S. Senthilkumar]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Dharmapuri Assembly constituency|Dharmapuri]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Member
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[S. P. Venkateshwaran]]
}}

'''Poolapatti''', is a village also officially spelled as Poolappatti, is a village located 6 km east from the major town [[Nallampalli]], Tamil Nadu, India. This village comes under the Mittareddihalli (M.Reddihalli) [[Gram panchayat]].<ref>http://www.etamilnadu.org/mittareddihalli-village-5332.html</ref>

==Culture==
Poolappatti holds a unique cultural identity, heavily influenced by the presence of Catholic missionaries who settled in the [[Kovilur, Dharamapuri|Kovilur]] over a century ago. As a result, the village has a notable population of Catholics who actively participate in religious rituals and festivities.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dharmapuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Dharmapuri district]]

{{Dharmapuri-geo-stub}}

Linguistic history of the Indian subcontinent

2023-02-15T03:01:37Z

Imdavid21: Created an inspiring manuscript.

#REDIRECT [[Linguistic history of India]]

{{R from move}}

Vikas (rocket engine)

2023-01-04T05:06:53Z

Imdavid21: Crafted a new page.

{{short description|Indian rocket engine}}
{{Infobox rocket engine
|image=Vikas engine of ISRO.JPG
|image_size=250
|caption=Model of the Vikas engine
|name =Vikas
|country_of_origin=[[India]]
|manufacturer = [[Godrej & Boyce]] and MTAR Technologies<ref>{{cite news|title=Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers.|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/india-maiden-mars-orbiter-mission-companies-role/1/200601.html|access-date=14 February 2014|newspaper=Business Today|date=8 December 2013}}</ref>
|designer =Société Européenne de Propulsion (SEP) [[ISRO]] (licensed version)
|predecessor =[[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking]]
|successor =
|status =Active
|purpose =
|type =liquid
|fuel =[[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]]
|oxidiser =[[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N2O4]]
|capacity =
|cycle =[[Gas-generator cycle|Gas generator]]
|thrust =850 [[Newton (unit)|kN]]<ref name="Vikas1">[http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161122/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm }} Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014</ref>
|specific_impulse_vacuum ={{convert|293|isp}}<ref name=PS />
|specific_impulse_sea_level ={{convert|262|isp}}<ref name=PS />
|chamber_pressure =6.2 [[MPa]] (62 [[Bar (unit)|bar]]) <ref name=PS>[http://www.spaceflight101.com/pslv-launch-vehicle-information.html PSLV Launch Vehicle Information] Space Flight 101 24 December 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/28/with-eye-on-lunar-mission-isro-to-test-high-thrust-vikas-engine-1793608.html |access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref>
|thrust_to_weight =
|length ={{convert|3.70|m|abbr=on}}(Vikas-4B)
|dry_weight =
120 in (3,000 mm)
|used_in =2nd stage of [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] and [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV]] Main stage L110 of [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III|GSLV Mk.III]]
}}
The '''Vikas''' (a [[portmanteau]] from initials of [[Vikram Sarabhai|'''''VIK'''''ram '''''A'''''mbalal '''''S'''''arabhai]]<ref>{{cite news|author1=M Ramesh|title=Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/has-been-supplying-the-vikas-engines-for-isros-rockets/article6705014.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks1SDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|title=Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case|last=Narayanan|first=Nambi|last2=Ram|first2=Arun|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-93-86826-27-5|page=191}}</ref> ) is a family of [[liquid fuel]]led [[rocket engine]]s conceptualized and designed by the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/03/stories/2001120300481300.htm|title=ISRO tests Vikas engine|access-date=2012-12-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323164318/http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/03/stories/2001120300481300.htm|archive-date=2014-03-23|work=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/unsung-hero-of-moon-mission-is-sad-but-forgiving_100226418.html|title=Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving|author=K.S. Jayaraman|agency=IANS|publisher=Thaindian.com|access-date=2012-12-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175535/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/unsung-hero-of-moon-mission-is-sad-but-forgiving_100226418.html|archive-date=2018-01-10|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The design was based on the licensed version of the [[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking]] engine with the chemical pressurisation system.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sutton|first1=George Paul|title=History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines|publisher=AIAA|isbn=9781563476495|page=799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1C9Oo2I4VYC&pg=PA799|language=en}}</ref> The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sutton|first1=George Paul|title=History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines|publisher=AIAA|isbn=9781563476495|page=882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1C9Oo2I4VYC&pg=PA882|language=en}}</ref> It is used in the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) and the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) series of expendable launch vehicles for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III|GSLV Mark III]]. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in GSLV Mark III is 55 tons.

== History ==
In 1974, [[Societe Europeenne de Propulsion]] agreed to transfer [[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking engine]] technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 by [[Nambi Narayanan]] and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.<ref name="FFHRP">{{cite book |last=Muthunayagam |first=A.E| editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=P.V. Manoranjan |title=From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey |page=344|publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5177-690-1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/7808/from_fishing_hamlet_to_red_planet_p_v_manoranjan_r.epub |language=en}}</ref>

==Technical details==
[[File:PSLV C50 second stage with Vikas engine.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|PSLV-C50 second stage with Vikas engine]]

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons of [[UDMH]] as fuel and [[Nitrogen tetroxide]] (N2O4) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable of [[gimbal]]ling.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the [[GSAT 6A]] launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions.<ref name=sfn-20180329>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/03/29/india-tests-upgraded-engine-tech-in-successful-communications-satellite-launch/ |title=India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch |last=Clark |first=Stephen |publisher=Spaceflight Now |access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref>

==Variants==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Nozzle
Diameter

(m)
! rowspan="2" |Length
(m)
! rowspan="2" |Nozzle
Area Ratio
! rowspan="2" |Chamber
pressure

(MPa)
! rowspan="2" |[[Rocket propellant|Fuel]]
! rowspan="2" |Mix Rate
!Flow rate
(t/sec)
! colspan="2" |[[Thrust]](kN)
! colspan="2" |[[Specific impulse|Specific Impulse]] (Ns/kg)
! rowspan="2" |Launcher Stages
|-
!
!Sea Level
!Vacuum
!Sea Level
!Vacuum
|-
| colspan="4" |''Booster/first stage''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vikas-2
|~1.00
|~2.75
|13.9
|5.30
|[[UDMH]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.86
|0.2469
|600.5
|680.5
|2432
|2756
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.I L40H Strapon]]
|-
|Vikas-2B
|~1.00
|~2.75
|13.9
|5.30
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.87
|0.2710
|677.7
|765.5
|2501
|2824
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.II L40H Strapon]]
|-
|Vikas-X
|~1.80
|~3.75
|
|
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|
|''0.2805''
|756.5
|839.0
|2697
|2991
|[[LVM3|LVM3 L110 stage]]
|-
| colspan="4" |''Second stage''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vikas-4
|~1.50
|~3.50
|
|5.35
|[[UDMH]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.86
|0.2498
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|725.0
|
|2903
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.I GS2 stage]], [[PSLV|PSLV PS2 stage]]
|-
|Vikas-4B
|~1.80
|~3.70
|
|5.85
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.71
|0.2716
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|804.5
|
|2962
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.II GS2 stage]], [[PSLV|PSLV PS2 stage]]
|-
| colspan="13" |References:<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm|title = India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines|access-date = 11 December 2015|website = B14643 Internet Presentation to Space Launch Vehicles|publisher = Norbert Brügge|last = Brügge|first = Norbert|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161122/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm|archive-date = 22 December 2015|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://indianspaceweb.blogspot.com/2010/01/l110-test-to-follow-s200.html |title=L110 test to follow S200 |publisher=SuperNova }}
* {{cite web|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/chennaitalkies/class-of-1974-rocket-science-reminiscences/|title=Class of 1974: Rocket science & reminiscences|agency=IANS|publisher=India Today}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Rocket engines}}

[[Category:Rocket engines of India]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle]]

Part XX of the Constitution of India

2022-08-17T14:51:30Z

Imdavid21: Published a captivating publication.

#REDIRECT [[Amendment of the Constitution of India]]