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Khalid Azim

2026-05-01T14:19:16Z

Ilushikpub: new.

{{Short description|Indian politician (1965-2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khalid Azim
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2005
| term_end = 2007
| predecessor = [[Raju Pal]]
| successor = [[Pooja Pal]]
| constituency = [[Prayagraj West Assembly constituency|Prayagraj West]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1975|4|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Prayagraj]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|4|15|1975|4|29|df=y}}
| death_cause = [[Assassination]]
| death_place = [[Prayagraj]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| module = {{infobox criminal
| child = yes
| criminal_charge = [[Murder]], [[Threat|threats]], [[extortion]], [[Kidnapping]] and [[land grabbing]]
| conviction_penalty =
| spouse = Zainab Fatima<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |title=UP govt demolishes house of gangster Atiq Ahmed's brother Ashraf's wife in Prayagraj |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/atiq-ahmed-brother-ashraf-wife-house-demolished-in-prayagraj-by-up-cm-yogi-govt-in-action-against-gangster-latest-news-2024-06-20-937872 |publisher=[[India TV]] |date=June 20, 2024}}</ref>
}}
| other_party =
| alma_mater = [[Ewing Christian College]]
| relatives = [[Atiq Ahmed|Atiq Ahmad]] (brother)
| children = 4
}}
'''Khalid Azim''', also known as '''Ashraf''' or '''Ashraf Ahmad'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Aniruddha |title='I will be killed in…': Atiq Ahmed's brother allegedly threatened by 'officer' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-will-be-killed-in-atiq-ahmed-s-brother-threatened-by-officer-101680048462480.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=March 29, 2023}}</ref> (29 April 1975 - 15 April 2023), was an Indian politician who had a criminal background. He served as a Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Prayagraj West Assembly constituency|Prayagraj West]] constituency. He faced 54 criminal cases, including [[murder]], [[Threat|threats]], [[extortion]], [[Kidnapping|abduction]], and land grabbing offenses under various sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref name="hindustan"/> He was one of the prime accused in the murder of [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] MLA [[Raju Pal]], and the charges were abated after his death.<ref>{{cite news |title=BSP MLA Raju Pal murder: 6 sentenced to life imprisonment |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/bsp-mla-raju-pal-murder-6-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-2958034 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=March 30, 2024}}</ref>

He was the brother of [[Atiq Ahmed|Atiq Ahmad]], a [[gangster]] turned [[politician]] who also served as a parliamentarian. He was a member of Atiq Ahmad's IS-227 gang and was considered to be Ahmad's right-hand man by police records.<ref name="hindustan">{{cite news |title=Lived & died in brother Atiq's shadow, Ashraf led a life of crime |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/khalid-azeem-aka-ashraf-feared-gangster-in-prayagraj-shot-dead-on-live-tv-with-brother-atiq-ahmed-involved-in-54-criminal-cases-prayagraj-gangster-crime-101681835012406.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=19 April 2023}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Khalid Azim, who was affiliated with the [[Samajwadi Party]], contested the 2005 legislative by-election for the Prayagraj West constituency. The seat had become vacant when his brother Atiq Ahmed was elected as a [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] from [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]]. However, Khalid Azim was defeated by [[Raju Pal]] from the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]. Following Raju Pal's murder on 25 January 2005,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Tapas |title=Allahabad murder fuels caste war fears |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/allahabad-murder-fuels-caste-war-fears/cid/839220 |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=3 November 2005}}</ref> a by-election was held, and he won the election from Prayagraj West constituency.

He contested the 2007 UP legislative elections but was defeated by Raju Pal's widow, [[Pooja Pal]].<ref>{{cite news |title=पंक्‍चर बनाने वाले की बेटी हैं MLA पूजा पाल, 9 दिन में हो गई थीं विधवा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-ALAH-bsp-mla-raju-pal-murder-case-story-of-wife-pooja-pal-5229838-PHO.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Allahabad West Uttar pradesh Assembly Election 2007 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/2007/allahabad-west/ |publisher=Latestly.com |date=2007}}</ref> Khalid Azim and his elder brother Atiq were the prime accused in the murder of BSP MLA Raju Pal.<ref>{{cite news |title=BSP MLA murder case: Charges framed against ex-MLA Khalid Azim, five others |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/bsp-mla-murder-case-charges-framed-against-ex-mla-khalid-azim-five-others-2006995-2022-09-30 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="hindustan"/>

== Criminal cases and controversies ==
In 1992, the first case was registered against him, at Prayagraj's [[Mutthigunj|Mutthiganj]] police station under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, including 147, 148, 149, 364, 504, and 506, as well as the 7 [[Criminal Law Amendment Act]]. It was alleged that he had kidnapped and physically assaulted a youth after an altercation. At the time of the incident, he was reportedly pursuing a degree at [[Ewing Christian College]] in Allahabad.<ref name="hindustan"/> Later, cases were registered against him in different districts of Uttar Pradesh in the years 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixit |first1=Kapil |title=Former Samajwadi Party MLA Khalid Azim arrested in UP's Prayagraj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/ex-samajwadi-party-mla-khalid-azim-arrested-in-ups-prayagraj/articleshow/76772156.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=3 July 2020}}</ref>

In January 2005, Khalid Azim was named as a prime suspect in the murder of BSP MLA [[Raju Pal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=BK |title=Has the BSP forgotten Pal murder case? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/has-the-bsp-forgotten-pal-murder-case/story-onj4KYOvS4H0PejReLoDQL.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=1 January 2006}}</ref>

In January 2007, his name surfaced in the abduction and gang rape case of two minor girl students from a [[Madrasa|Madarsa]] in the Kareli area.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fredrick |first1=Oliver |last2=Misra |first2=Apoorva |title=Decoding 2007 'Madarsa Kand' in Prayagraj That Proved to be Political Death Knell for Atiq Ahmed, Brother |url=https://www.news18.com/india/decoding-2007-madarsa-kand-in-prayagraj-that-proved-to-be-political-death-knell-for-atiq-ahmed-brother-7672423.html |publisher=[[News 18]] |date=29 April 2023}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Khalid Azim was married to Zainab Ruby and had four children, including three daughters and one son.<ref name="hindustan"/>

== Murder ==
On 15 April 2023, Khalid Azim and his brother [[Atiq Ahmed]] were being escorted by [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] for a court-ordered medical checkup in [[Prayagraj]] when they were attacked in front of media cameras, shot at point-blank range and killed by three men who had posed as media personnel. <ref>{{cite news |title=Atiq Ahmed, Ashraf killed in front of cops by shooters posing as journos, high alert across UP |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gangster-atiq-ahmed-borther-after-shot-in-prayagraj-three-shooters-held-what-we-know-so-far-2360597-2023-04-15 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Legal proceedings against Khalid Azim (alias Ashraf), his brother Atiq Ahmad, and Gulbul (alias Rafiq) in connection with the MLA Raju Pal murder case were closed after their deaths.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Ruchi |title=UP: Special CBI court convicts seven people in BSP MLA Raju Pal murder case |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/raju-pal-murder-case-special-cbi-court-convicts-people-atiq-ahmad-ashraf-latest-updates-2024-03-29-923686 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mafia Raj]]
* [[Rent-seeking]]
* [[Mukhtar Ansari]]
* [[Vikas Dubey]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azim, Khalid}}
[[Category:20th-century births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:2023 murders in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Criminals from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]]
[[Category:Filmed assassinations]]
[[Category:Filmed killings in India]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Politicians from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 21st century]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 2023]]
[[Category:People murdered in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

Iqbal Narain

2026-04-25T02:54:19Z

Ilushikpub: added

{{Short description|Indian academic, 16th Vice-chancellor of BHU (1981-1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University
| order = 16th
| predecessor = [[Hari Narain]]
| successor = [[R.P. Rastogi]]
| appointer = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| image = Iqbal Narain.png
| image_size = 120
| term_start = 19 October 1981
| term_end = 29 April 1985
}}

'''Iqbal Narain''' (1930–1996) was an Indian academic, [[social scientist]], and the [[List of vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University|16th Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=SHEKHAR GUPTA Varanasi |date=July 15, 2013 |title=V-C shuts down Banaras Hindu University sine die to 'clean up' institution |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/education/story/19831015-v-c-shuts-down-banaras-hindu-university-sine-die-to-clean-up-institution-771081-2013-07-15 |access-date=2022-03-01 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi |url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/aboutus/aboutbhu.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925131047/http://www.bhu.ac.in/aboutus/aboutbhu.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 September 2018 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=www.bhu.ac.in}}</ref> He was the chief editor of ''[[Political Science Review]]'', member of several [[Government of India|government]] committees, and wrote articles in [[Economic and Political Weekly]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1982 |title=The New Council: 1982–83 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0371750X.1982.10822596?needAccess=true |journal=Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=143–148 |doi=10.1080/0371750x.1982.10822596 |issn=0371-750X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He has also served as the Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luminaries of the College: Directors/Deans/Principals |url=https://www.uniraj.ac.in/Raj_col/images/about-the-college-%20PPT.pdf |website=[[University of Rajasthan]] |page=7}}</ref> Narain died in 1996.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Book Chronicle: Volumes 22–24 |date=1997 |publisher=Vivek Trust |pages=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FtXAAAAMAAJ&q=Iqbal+Narain+1930+1996+banaras |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu

2026-04-19T23:17:55Z

Ilushikpub: added.

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1987)}}
{{Hatnote|This is a [[Telugu language|Telugu name]]; the family name is ''Kinjarapu''.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu
| image = Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Official portrait, 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|12|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nimmada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| alma_mater = [[Purdue University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]) [[Long Island University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|M.BA]])
| president = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| office = 33rd [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister of Civil Aviation]]
| term_start = 9 June 2024
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
| office1 = National [[General Secretary]] of [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| term_start1 = 2017
| alongside1 = [[Nara Lokesh]]
| 1blankname1 = National President
| 1namedata1 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| predecessor1 = ''Office established''
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency2 = [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_end2 =
| term_start2 = 16 May 2014
| predecessor2 = [[Killi Krupa Rani]]
| successor2 =
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| relatives = [[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]] (uncle) [[Adireddy Bhavani]] (sister) [[Bandaru Satyanarayana Murthy]] (father-in-law) [[Adireddy Srinivas]](brother-in-law)
| signature = Signature of K. Rammohan Naidu.svg
| father = [[Kinjarapu Yerran Naidu]]
| mother =
| spouse = {{marriage|Bandaru Sri Sravya|2017}}<ref name="TDP MP Rammohan Naidu marries former minister's daughter">{{cite news |title=TDP MP Rammohan Naidu marries former minister's daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/tdp-mp-rammohan-naidu-marries-former-ministers-daughter/articleshow/59158723.cms |accessdate=22 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=15 June 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522164300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/tdp-mp-rammohan-naidu-marries-former-ministers-daughter/articleshow/59158723.cms |archivedate=22 May 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu''' (born 18 December 1987) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 33rd [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]] since June 2024. He represents the [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency]] and has been elected in the [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]], [[17th Lok Sabha|17th]], and [[18th Lok Sabha]]. He first won the seat in the [[2014 Indian general election]]<ref name="32 newly elected under-35 MPs & what they intend to do for their constituencies">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=25 May 2014 |title=32 newly elected under-35 MPs & what they intend to do for their constituencies |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/32-newly-elected-under-35-mps-what-they-intend-to-do-for-their-constituencies/articleshow/35569860.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720133857/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/32-newly-elected-under-35-mps-what-they-intend-to-do-for-their-constituencies/articleshow/35569860.cms |archivedate=20 July 2025 |accessdate=20 July 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref> and was re-elected in 2019 and 2024 as a candidate of the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He serves as the National General Secretary of the TDP<ref>{{Cite web |work=The Hans India |date=2017-09-24 |title=TDP Central Committee constituted |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-09-24/TDP-Central-Committee-constituted/328627 |access-date=2024-05-02 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Detail|url=https://sansad.in/ls/members|website=sansad.in/ls|access-date=2024-07-13|language=en}}</ref> and as the party's leader in the [[Lok Sabha]].

== Early life and education ==
Naidu was born in [[Nimmada]], [[Srikakulam]]. He is the son of [[Kinjarapu Yerran Naidu]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-23 |title=Rammohan Naidu named successor of Yerran Naidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603121313/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Delhi-Metro-confident-of-meeting-deadline/article14836060.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]], and Kinjarapu Vijayakumari. His father was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the [[Tekkali Assembly constituency|Tekkali constituency]] and subsequently became a [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Srikakulam]], later serving as a [[Union Minister]] for Rural Development in the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front government]] between 1996 and 1998.

He completed his primary schooling in [[Srikakulam]] and later on joined [[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram]], [[Delhi]], after his father became an MP and moved to Delhi. He then earned a bachelor's degree in [[electrical engineering]] from [[Purdue University]], [[United States]], and an MBA from [[Long Island University]]. He worked for a year in Singapore before returning to India.<ref name="Modi 3.0 Cabinet: Ram Mohan Naidu set to become youngest ever Union Minister">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |date=9 June 2024 |title=Modi 3.0 Cabinet: Ram Mohan Naidu set to become youngest ever Union Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/ram-mohan-naidu-set-to-become-youngest-ever-union-minister/article68269030.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610092341/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/ram-mohan-naidu-set-to-become-youngest-ever-union-minister/article68269030.ece |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Ram Mohan Naidu, India's New Aviation Minister, Youngest In Modi 3.0 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/meet-ram-mohan-naidu-indias-new-aviation-minister-youngest-in-modi-3-0-5864249 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> His uncle, [[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]], is a senior politician of the [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] and also a [[Minister (government)|minister]] in the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].

== Personal life ==

Naidu, born in Nimmada village Kotabommali mandal Srikakulam district, belongs to the [[Velama]] Community(caste). {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

He married Sravya Bandaru in June 2017, the youngest daughter of the former minister and [[Telugu Desam Party]] [[Vice president|Vice-President]], [[Bandaru Satyanarayana Murthy]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-06-15 |title=TDP MP Rammohan Naidu marries former minister's daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/tdp-mp-rammohan-naidu-marries-former-ministers-daughter/articleshow/59158723.cms |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Naidu entered politics in 2012 after the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior TDP leader and former Union minister Yerran Naidu dies in a road accident in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tdp-leader-yerran-naidu-dies-in-road-accident-120329-2012-11-01 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=India Today |date=2 November 2012 |language=en}}</ref> He represents the Srikakulam Parliamentary constituency. Appointed as the constituency in-charge in 2013, he contested the 2014 elections and won by a margin of 127,576 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-16 |title=Rammohan Naidu wins hands down |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603121313/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Delhi-Metro-confident-of-meeting-deadline/article14836060.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Kinjarupu is the second youngest Member of Parliament in the 16th [[Lok Sabha]]. He introduced a private member's bill demanding the establishment of a [[Railway Zones and Divisions in India|railway zone]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] with Visakhapatnam as its headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teja |first=Charan |date=2017-12-13 |title=TDP MP to move private member's bill seeking AP railway zone |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/tdp-mp-move-private-member-s-bill-seeking-ap-railway-zone-73118 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2017 as introduced in Lok Sabha on 29/12/2017 |url=http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/2674LS%20As%20In.pdf}}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh]], he represented TDP and won by a majority of 3,27,901 votes from the [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results of Srikakulam Parliament Constituency, General Elections,2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S012.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikakulam lok sabha election results 2024: Srikakulam Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/andhra-pradesh/srikakulam-constituency-result-1502 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikakulam Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result: Candidates Profiles, Map, Total Votes, Past Results |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/srikakulam |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He is the incumbent Union Minister of Civil Aviation, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu, Union Minister of Civil Aviation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/civil-aviation-minister-ram-mohan-naidu-hints-at-bringing-down-airfares-101718271893392.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=New Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu promises to review airfares |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/experienced-rising-airfares-as-a-passenger-will-review-civil-aviation-minister-ram-mohan-naidu-2552702-2024-06-13 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Performance in Parliament ===

''Performance in the Lok Sabha, 2019-20''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu |url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/17th-lok-sabha/ram-mohan-naidu-kinjarapu |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!MP performance parameters (2019–20)
!Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu
|-
|Attendance in parliament
|90%, against State Average 79% and National Average 84%
|-
|Questions raised
|69, against State Average 49 and National Average 49
|-
|Debates Participated
|34, against State Average 13 and National Average 14.5
|-
|Private Member Bills
|0, against State Average 0 and National Average 0.3
|-
|Number of criminal cases
|None
|}

=== Parliamentary Committees ===

He is a member of the standing committee on Railways and Home Affairs, Consultative Committee on Ministry of Tourism and Culture and in the Committee on Welfare of other Backward Classes and Official Language Department in the 16th Lok Sabha.<ref>{{Cite web |work=National Informatics Centre |title=Digital Sansad |url=https://sansad.in/ls |access-date=2024-06-13 |language=en}}</ref>

=== At the United Nations ===

Kinjarapu has represented India at the 72nd session of the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in the 22nd meeting of the first committee on Disarmament. He reiterated India's commitment to upholding the UN Charter's ideals and promoting international peace through multilateral cooperation. Representing India at the United Nations, he emphasized the importance of advancing nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Naidu |first1=Kinjarapu Rammohan |last2=India |date=2017-10-25 |title=Record #1654562 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1654562 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=United Nations Digital Library System |language=en}}</ref>

== As the Minister for Civil Aviation ==
On 10 June 2024, Naidu was allocated the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

On 12 June 2025 he visited Ahmedabad, Gujarat shortly after the crash of London-bound Air India flight AI171<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/air-india-crash-pm-modi-asks-amit-shah-ram-mohan-naidu-to-visit-ahmedabad-oversee-relief-efforts/ar-AA1GzrLo |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

<gallery>
Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu oath as Cabinet Minister.jpg|President Droupadi Murmu administering the oath as Cabinet Minister to Naidu
The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu chairs a meeting on the Exchange of MoUs between Mahindra Aerostructures and Airbus for the manufacturing of H130 helicopter fuselages in India, on April 09 2025.jpg|Naidu chairs a meeting of the Ministry of Civil Aviation
</gallery>

==Electoral history==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%; text-align: center;"
|+Election results
!Year
!Office
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Opponent
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Ref
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan=3 |[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
|rowspan=3 |[[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
|rowspan=3 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=3 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|frameless|21x21px]]
|556,163
|52.90
|[[Reddy Shanthi]]
|rowspan=3 |[[YSR Congress Party]]
|rowspan=3 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|frameless|21x21px]]
|428,591
|40.76
|{{Won}}
|rowspan=3 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-09 |title=Meet Ram Mohan Naidu, 3-time Andhra MP and India's youngest-ever Union minister |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ram-mohan-naidu-modi-cabinet-ministry-tdp-lok-sabha-srikakulam-2551058-2024-06-09 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|534,544
|46.19
|Duvvada Srinivas
|527,891
|45.61
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|754,328
|61.05
|Tilak Perada
|426,427
|34.51
|{{Won}}
|}

==Policy positions==
In October 2019, he wrote an article in [[The News Minute]] criticizing the Andhra Pradesh government under [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] for its sand mining policy. He argued that the ban on sand mining from May to September 2019 disrupted the construction industry and affected the livelihoods of over 2 million laborers.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ram Mohan Naidu |date=2019-10-25 |title=Andhra CM Jagan destroyed livelihoods with sand mining ban, TDP MP writes |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-cm-jagan-destroyed-livelihoods-sand-mining-ban-tdp-mp-writes-111189 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Third Modi ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Twitter}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu
|d = yes
|d-search = Q16901223
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Politics
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Third Modi ministry}}
{{16th LS members from Andhra Pradesh|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kinjarapu, Ram Mohan Naidu}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:Union ministers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Purdue University College of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]

Gottipati Ravi Kumar

2026-04-19T10:17:11Z

Ilushikpub: Adding New Bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gottipati Ravi Kumar
| image = Gottipati Ravi Kumar.jpg
| nickname = Bujji
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|11|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = Pothurajugandi
| office = [[List of ministers of energy of Andhra Pradesh|Minister of Energy]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| term_end =
| governor = [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| predecessor = [[Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy]]
| successor =
| office1 = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Karanam Balarama Krishna Murthy]]
| constituency1 = [[Addanki Assembly constituency|Addanki]]
| term_start2 = 2004
| term_end2 = 2009
| predecessor2 = Gottipati Narasaiah
| successor2 = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency2 = [[Martur Assembly constituency|Martur]]
| occupation = [[Industrialist]] [[Politician]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| spouse = Gottipati Jhansi
| children = Gottipati Harsha vardhan
| father = Gottipati Seshagiri Rao
| alma_mater = [[Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology]] (1997)
| other_party = [[YSR Congress Party]] [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Gottipati Ravi Kumar''' (born 9 November 1974), commonly known as '''Bujji''', is an Indian politician currently serving as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) and cabinet minister in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He has been elected to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] five times, with four terms representing the [[Addanki Assembly constituency]] and one term for [[Martur Assembly constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-23 |title=Addanki Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Gottipati Ravikumar of TDP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/addanki-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2153267.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Bapatla: Know your candidates">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=9 May 2024 |title=Bapatla: Know your candidates |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/09/bapatla-know-your-candidates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214175250/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/09/bapatla-know-your-candidates |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=14 December 2024 |publisher=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Ravi Kumar is the [[List of Ministers of Energy of Andhra Pradesh|Minister for Energy]] in the current [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry]] and has won elections in 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2024, representing three different political parties.<ref name=":2" /> He is currently the member of [[Telugu Desam Party]].

== Early life and education ==
Kumar was born in 1976 to Seshagiri Rao. He completed his intermediate studies at Vidwan Junior College in Guntur and graduated from [[Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology|B.I.E.T.]] College in Davangere, Karnataka in 1993. He is from a farming family, and also runs his own business.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Political career ==
Kumar began his political career with the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), contesting in the [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Martur Assembly constituency]]. He won, defeating Gottipati Narasimha Rao of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) by a margin of 13,806 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/martur-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency#2004 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Martur 2004 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/2004/andhra-pradesh/martur/27/26554/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/2004/andhra-pradesh/martur/27/26554/176 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Gottipati Ravikumar winner in Martur, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections 2004: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/2004/martur/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2004 - Constituency wise Results |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/ap04detail.htm |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Results of 2004 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections - Telugu Desam Party, Congress, TRS |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/politics/2004elections/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> In [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he was re-elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly as an INC candidate, this time representing the [[Addanki Assembly constituency]], where he defeated [[Karanam Balaram Krishna Murthy]] of TDP by a margin of 15,764 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Addanki 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/30635 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref name="proneta.in">{{Cite web |title=Addanki Assembly Constituency, Andhra Pradesh- 105 |url=https://proneta.in/addanki_assembly_constituency_andhra_pradesh-105/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=proneta.in}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Addanki Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/addanki-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency#2009 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Gottipati Ravikumar, Addanki Assembly Elections 2009 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/2009/addanki/gottipati-ravikumar/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>

He later joined the [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP) and in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he won from Addanki, defeating Karanam Venkatesh of TDP by a margin of 4,235 votes.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="proneta.in" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Prakasam District 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/district/ac/235/www.indiavotes.com/district/ac/235/843 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Gottipati Ravikumar (Bujji) winner in Addanki, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections 2014: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/2014/addanki/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> On 27 April 2016, Kumar left YSRCP and joined TDP<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-27 |title=Addanki MLA joins TDP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/addanki-mla-joins-tdp/article8530086.ece |access-date=2024-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in the presence of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-27 |title=AP: Another YSRC legislator joins ruling TDP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ap-another-ysrc-legislator-joins-ruling-tdp/articleshow/52009516.cms |access-date=2024-05-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-24 |title=Addanki MLA decides to switch loyalties |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/addanki-mla-decides-to-switch-loyalties/article8517801.ece |access-date=2024-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-16 |title=Gottipati Ravikumar {{!}} MLA {{!}} TDP {{!}} Addanki {{!}} Prakasam {{!}} theLeadersPage |url=https://theleaderspage.com/gottipati-ravikumar/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he was re-elected from Addanki as a TDP candidate, defeating Bachina Chenchu Garataiah of the YSRCP by a margin of 12,991 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Addanki Constituency Election Results 2019: Addanki Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/addanki |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Addanki Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/addanki-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency#2019 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-23 |title=Addanki Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Gottipati Ravikumar of TDP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/addanki-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2153267.html |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Gottipati Ravikumar, Addanki Assembly Elections 2019 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/2019/addanki/gottipati-ravikumar/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2019 Live Updates on round-wise vote counting for Darsi, Parchur, Addanki, Chirala, Santhanuthalapadu, Ongole Seats |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2019-round-wise-vote-counting-updates-for-darsi-parchur-addanki-chirala-santhanuthalapadu-ongole-seats-3666489/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

Kumar was notably the only candidate from among the 23 YSRCP MLAs who defected to the TDP after the 2014 elections to secure a victory in 2019. In the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he continued his winning streak from the Addanki constituency, breaking his previous record by achieving a victory margin of 24,840 votes, setting a new personal and constituency record.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 2024, he was inducted into the [[Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers|Andhra Pradesh cabinet]] as the [[List of Ministers of Energy of Andhra Pradesh|Minister of Energy]] in the [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-22 |title=Ravi Kumar takes charge as Energy Minister, sanctions 40,336 farm pump connections |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ravi-kumar-takes-charge-as-energy-minister-sanctions-40336-farm-pump-connections/article68320996.ece |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Election history==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%; text-align: center;"
|+Election results
!Year
!Office
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Opponent
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Ref
|-
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|rowspan="5" |[[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|[[Martur Assembly constituency|Martur]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 |[[File:Hand INC.svg|frameless|21x21px]]
|64,983
|55.31
|Gottipati Narasaih
|rowspan=3 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=3 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|frameless|21x21px]]
|51,177
|43.56
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2004 - Constituency wise Results |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/ap04detail.htm |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|rowspan=4 |[[Addanki Assembly constituency|Addanki]]
|86,035
|49.59
|[[Karanam Balarama Krishna Murthy]]
|70,271
|40.50
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Addanki 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/30635 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|frameless|21x21px]]
|99,537
|50.03
|Karanam Venkatesh
|95,302
|47.90
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=2 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|frameless|21x21px]]
|105,545
|50.86
|[[Chenchu Garataiah Bachina]]
|rowspan=2 |[[YSR Congress Party]]
|rowspan=2 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|frameless|21x21px]]
|92,554
|44.60
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=sumadhura |date=2019-05-23 |title=Gottipati wins with 1,04,125 votes |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/gottipati-wins-with-104125-votes-531826 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|116,418
|54.02
|Panem Chinna Hanimi Reddy
|91,528
|42.47
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Addanki Assembly Election Results 2024: Addanki Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/addanki-constituency-result-1105 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi Kumar, Gottipati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1974 births]]

Bansuri Swaraj

2026-04-14T11:08:24Z

Ilushikpub: Started Initial Entry Added Tags

{{short description|Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bansuri Swaraj
| image = Bansuri Swaraj in June 2024.jpg
| caption =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Meenakshi Lekhi]]
| successor1 = Incumbent
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1984|01|03}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Advocate]]|[[politician]]}}
| parents = [[Sushma Swaraj]] (mother) [[Swaraj Kaushal]] (father)
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[St Catherine's College, Oxford|St. Catherine's College]], [[University of Oxford]] ([[Master of Studies|M.St.]])|[[Inner Temple]] ([[Barrister]])}}
}}

'''Bansuri Swaraj''' (born 3 January 1984) is an Indian lawyer and politician. She is a [[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha|member of Lok Sabha]] from [[New Delhi]].<ref name="mint">{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=2024-03-02 |title=Meet Bansuri Swaraj — Sushma Swaraj's daughter, poll debutant & BJP candidate |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/meet-bansuri-swaraj-sushma-swarajs-daughter-lok-sabha-poll-debutant-and-bjps-new-delhi-candidate-11709390030401.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP's Meenakshi Lekhi passes the baton to Bansuri Swaraj for New Delhi seat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-elections-bjp-meenakshi-lekhi-bansuri-swaraj-new-delhi-2510429-2024-03-04 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=India Today |date=4 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Bansuri Swaraj is the daughter of former Union Minister [[Sushma Swaraj]] and former [[List of governors of Mizoram|Governor of Mizoram]] [[Swaraj Kaushal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 2024 |title=Bansuri Swaraj on how she got her name: 'My mother used to say…' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bansuri-swaraj-on-how-she-got-her-name-my-mother-used-to-say-101712990300752.html |work=The Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2013 |title=A sneak peek into Sushma Swaraj's life |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-in-pics-the-life-of-sushma-swaraj-4219444-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427224648/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-in-pics-the-life-of-sushma-swaraj-4219444-PHO.html |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=27 April 2014 |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref name="Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=13 July 2024 |title=Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13 |accessdate=25 October 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Bansuri Swaraj is a graduate of the [[University of Warwick]] and of [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] and a [[barrister]]-at-law from [[Inner Temple]].<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2013 |title=A sneak peek into Sushma Swaraj's life |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-in-pics-the-life-of-sushma-swaraj-4219444-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427224648/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-in-pics-the-life-of-sushma-swaraj-4219444-PHO.html |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=27 April 2014 |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2014 |title=Sushma Swaraj re-invents herself in a party dominated by Narendra Modi |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-25/news/47670679_1_sushma-swaraj-bjp-leader-new-bjp-president |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427201742/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-25/news/47670679_1_sushma-swaraj-bjp-leader-new-bjp-president |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=27 April 2014 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> She has completed her Master of Studies from [[St Catherine's College, Oxford|St. Catherine's College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ms. Bansuri Swaraj |url=https://w20india.org/ms-bansuri-swaraj/ |website=W20 India}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Swaraj won her first election in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]] as a Member of Parliament [[18th Lok Sabha]] defeating her nearest rival candidate [[Somnath Bharti]] with a margin of 78,370 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Delhi Lok Sabha Elections Results 2024: BJP makes history with third consecutive clean sweep, but with lower margins |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/delhi-lok-sabha-elections-results-2024-bjp-makes-history-with-third-consecutive-clean-sweep-but-with-lower-margins-aap-congress-bansuri-swaraj-manoj-tiwari-432170-2024-06-05 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls">{{cite news|last1=The Economic Times|title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=27 July 2024|date=6 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|archivedate=27 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas2">{{cite news|title=Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|accessdate=25 March 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325141549/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|archivedate=25 March 2025|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

==External links==
*[https://delhi.gov.in/profile/ms-bansuri-swaraj Official Biographical Sketch at the Delhi government website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swaraj, Bansuri}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:Members of the Inner Temple]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:Sushma Swaraj]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]

{{Delhi-BJP-politician-stub}}

Dairy Circle metro station

2026-04-10T11:49:03Z

Ilushikpub: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Upcoming Namma Metro interchange station for Pink & Red Lines}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Dairy Circle
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Pink|line2=Red}}
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Dairy Circle (Pink Line) metro station (Apr '26).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Under Construction of this metro station under Namma Metro's [[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|Pink Line]] as of April 2026
| address = Lakkasandra, Laljinagar, Wilson Garden, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030
| coordinates = {{coord|12.94045|77.60235|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Red|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground, [[double track]]
| platform = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink}}[[Island platform]] ''(TBC)'' 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Kalena Agrahara}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagawara}} ''Platform numbers (TBC)'' 
{{rcb|Namma Metro|Red}}
''Platform numbers (TBC)''
'''''(TBC)'''''
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| depth =
| levels = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| tracks = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| connections =
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| opening = {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}}} {{start date and age|December 2026|df=yes}} '''''(TBC)''''' {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Red}}}} {{start date and age|2030|df=yes}} '''''(TBC)'''''
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = '''''(TBC)'''''
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''
| status = {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}}} Under Construction {{color box|#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Red}}}} Under Construction
| code = '''''(TBC)'''''
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| architect = [[Afcons Infrastructure]]
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line1=Pink|left1=Lakkasandra|to-left1=Nagawara|note-mid1=''(operational around December 2026)''|right1=Tavarekere|to-right1=Kalena Agrahara|line2=Red|left2=NIMHANS|note-mid2=''(Under Construction)''|right2=Koramangala II Block}}
| route_map = {{BMR Pink line}} {{BMR Red Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Dairy Circle''' is an upcoming underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|Pink Line]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namma Metro Pink Line: Route, Status, Completion Date & More |url=https://timesproperty.com/amp/webstories/namma-metro-pink-line-details-wid-913 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=timesproperty}}</ref> of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bengaluru]], India with plans to make an interchange with the proposed [[Red Line (Namma Metro)|Red Line]]. This metro station consists of the main Dairy Circle Flyover where to the east leads towards [[Silk Board junction]] and [[Christ University]], to the west leads towards [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences|NIMHANS Hospital]], Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health Hospital, to the north leads towards [[Bosch (company)|Bosch (Bengaluru South Campus)]], Karnataka Federal Foundation and to the south leads towards [[Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research]], a healthcare institute in South Bengaluru.

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase (Pink Line), covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch ('''Dairy Circle''' - [[Nagawara metro station|Nagawara]]) is expected to be operational around ''December 2026.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru: Namma Metro pushes Pink Line deadline to December 2026 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-namma-metro-pushes-pink-line-deadline-to-december-2026-3256417 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-04 |title=Namma Metro's Pink line likely to open in phases |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/namma-metros-pink-line-likely-to-open-in-phases/article68484715.ece |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-25 |title=Namma Metro's Pink Line: This Upcoming Corridor Is Set To Redefine The City Commute |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metros-pink-line-this-upcoming-corridor-is-set-to-redefine-the-city-commute-article-101255989 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-10 |title=Namma Metro Phase 2 In Bengaluru To Be Operational By 2025, Announces Karnataka Deputy CM |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metro-phase-2-in-bengaluru-to-be-operational-by-2025-announces-karnataka-deputy-cm-dk-shivakumar-article-107571304 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2023-09-27 |title=Good News! Pink Line of Bengaluru Metro to be 90% Ready by Second-half of 2024 |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/good-news-pink-line-of-bengaluru-metro-to-be-90-ready-by-second-half-of-2024/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=Namma Metro: Bengaluru's Under-Construction Pink Line Slated To Achieve 2 Milestones In a Week |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metro-bengalurus-under-construction-pink-line-slated-to-achieve-2-milestones-in-a-week-article-107286084 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

=== Pink Line ===
In June 2017, Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) sought bids for constructing the Dairy Circle metro station along the 3.66 km South Ramp - National Military School stretch of the 21.25 km Pink Line of Namma Metro. In November 2019, [[Afcons Infrastructure]]s emerged as the lowest bidders for this stretch which aligned closely with the original estimate, thus leading to a successful award for this company. They commenced the construction of this metro station as per the agreements.

==Station layout==
'''''{{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink|croute}} Station layout - to be confirmed'''''
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Dairy Circle track layout '''''(TBC)'''''
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}
| title-color = white
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = HSTg\HSTf
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Lakkasandra}}
*'''P#'''\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)\*'''P#'''
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Tavarekere}}
HSTg\HSTf
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and one Island platform</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/ Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''L1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Mezzanine
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85|'''Platform #''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Kalena Agrahara}} '''Next station:''' [[Tavarekere metro station|Tavarekere]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] | Doors will open on the right {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform #''' '''Northbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagawara}} '''Next station:''' [[Lakkasandra metro station|Lakkasandra]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|}
'''''{{rcb|Namma Metro|Red|croute}} Station layout - to be confirmed'''''
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Dairy Circle track layout '''''(TBC)'''''
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Red}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = HSTg\HSTf
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to NIMHANS
*'''P#'''\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)\*'''P#'''
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to Koramangala II Block
HSTg\HSTf
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and one Island platform</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" table
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''G'''
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" valign="top" |Street level
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" valign="top" |Exit/ entrance
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''L1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Mezzanine
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
| rowspan="3" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width="85" |'''Platform #''' '''Northbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width="500" |Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Hebbala}} '''Next station:''' NIMHANS
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Island platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the right </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" |'''Platform #''' '''Southbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards ← Sarjapura '''Next station:''' Koramangala 2nd Block
|-
| rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" |
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |
|}

==Connections==
{{Empty section|date=August 2024}}

==Entry/exit==
{{Empty section|date=August 2024}}

==See also==
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in BMRCL English] - BMRCL official website
* [http://www.urbanrail.net UrbanRail.Net] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations
{{Namma Metro|pink line=yes|red line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]

Umapathi

2026-04-09T18:37:13Z

Ilushikpub: starting new details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Umapathi
| image = Umapathi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Satya Dwarapudi
| screenplay = Satya Dwarapudi
| story =
| writer =
| based_on = ''[[Kalavani]]''
| producer = Konidena Koteswara Rao
| starring = {{plain list|
*Anuragh Konidena
*[[Avika Gor]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/first-look-of-avika-gor-starrer-umapathi-garners-positive-response-6246397.html | title=First Look of Avika Gor-Starrer Umapathi Garners Positive Response | website=news18.com | date=26 October 2022 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=5 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105075158/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/first-look-of-avika-gor-starrer-umapathi-garners-positive-response-6246397.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
| cinematography = N N Raghavendra Kumar
| editing = Goutham Raju
| music = [[Shakthikanth Karthick]]
| studio = Krishi Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|12|29}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| language = [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]
| country = India
}}

'''''Umapathi''''' is an Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu language]] drama film directed by Satya Dwarapudi and released in 2023. Produced by Konidena Koteswara Rao under the banner Krishi Creations, the film stars Anuragh Konidena and [[Avika Gor]]. The film was theatrically released in India on 1 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/avika-gors-village-story-umapathi-to-release-on-29-december/ | title=Avika Gor's village story 'Umapathi' to release on 29 December | website=thesouthfirst.com | date=18 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218105121/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/avika-gors-village-story-umapathi-to-release-on-29-december/ | url-status=live }}</ref> It is a remake of Tamil film ''[[Kalavani]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/umapathi-clears-censor-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-dec-29th-846693 | title='Umapathi' clears censor; all set to hit screens on Dec 29th | website=[[The Hans India]] | date=25 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=14 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114162445/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/umapathi-clears-censor-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-dec-29th-846693 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/umapathi-release-date-when-where-to-watch-anuragh-avika-gors-telugu-remake-of-kalavani/9004b56838865 | title=Umapathi release date - when, where to watch Anuragh, Avika Gor's Telugu remake of Kalavani | website=0ttplay.com | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118112617/https://www.ottplay.com/news/umapathi-release-date-when-where-to-watch-anuragh-avika-gors-telugu-remake-of-kalavani/9004b56838865 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==

Vara resides in Dosakayalapalli (district of [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]) while his father works in [[Dubai]]. Despite his father's struggles, Vara leads a nonchalant life, engaging in trivial activities. His life takes a turn when he moves to [[Kottapalli, Srikakulam district|Kottapalli]] and develops an interest in Uma. However, Vara becomes embroiled in a rivalry between the two villages. The plot unfolds as Vara navigates his feelings for Uma amidst the challenges posed by the feuding villages. The resolution to this conflict forms the core of the movie.

==Cast==
*Anuragh Konidena as Vara Prasad
*[[Avika Gor]] as Uma
*Ram Prasad as Babji
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Panchyathi
*[[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Dubai father
*[[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Ramu

==Soundtrack==
The music and background score are composed by [[Shakthikanth Karthick]]. [[Aditya Music]] secured the rights to the audio.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/umapathi/zSnv1FaTCC0_ | title=Umapathi - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn | website=jiosaavn.com | date=4 October 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118112618/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/umapathi/zSnv1FaTCC0_ | url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Soundtrack
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:34
| title1 = Butta
| length1 = 4:26
| lyrics1 = Murthy Devagupthapu
| extra1 = Ravi Kumar Manda, Jayasri Pallem
| title2 = Nakokati Nikokat
| length2 = 4:10
| lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)]]
| extra2 = [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| title3 = Baby Baby
| length3 = 4:29
| lyrics3 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra3 = Shakthikanth Karthick
| title4 = Bangaram
| length4 = 4:29
| lyrics4 = Murthy Devagupthapu
| extra4 = [[N. C. Karunya]], [[Ramya Behara]]
}}

==Reception==

Suhas Sistu of [[Hans India]] gave the film 2.75/5 stars and stated that "UmaPathi emerges as a breath of fresh air in Telugu cinema, seamlessly blending relatable characters and authentic village vibes. With engaging performances, this film promises to make a lasting, positive impression on the audience."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/umapathi-review-a-fresh-village-love-story-847632?infinitescroll=1 | title='Umapathi' review: A fresh village love story | website=[[The Hans India]] | date=29 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 }}</ref>

Bhavana Sharma of [[Deccan Chronicle]] gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Umapathi stands out in village love stories with a compelling first half, but occasional repetition is noticeable. The unique climax saves it from predictability, offering a heartfelt tale amidst age-old village feuds."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/301223/umapathi-movie-review-rating.html | title=Umapathi Review: Avika Gor Shines in This Rural Drama | website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | date=30 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=17 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117124246/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/301223/umapathi-movie-review-rating.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

A Critic from [[Sakshi TV]] gave the film 2.5/5 stars and stated that "The director's adept adaptation of a familiar story to our Telugu nativity provides a refreshing experience. The first half excels in portraying the gradual closeness between the lead characters, with a slightly jolting interval setting the stage for the impactful revelations in the compelling second half."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/umapathi-telugu-movie-review-and-rating-1899426 | title=Umapathi Movie Review: అవికా గోర్ నటించిన 'ఉమాపతి' సినిమా రివ్యూ | language=Telugu | trans-title=Avika Gor's Umapathi Movie Review | website=[[Sakshi Post]] | date=29 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=29 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229132134/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/umapathi-telugu-movie-review-and-rating-1899426 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Nelki Naresh Kumar of [[Hindustan Times]] gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Umapati unfolds as a timepass love entertainer, where the storyline and narratives might not break new ground for a typical movie. However, if you're in the mood for comedy, it certainly delivers without any disappointment."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/umapathi-movie-review-avika-gor-anurag-village-love-entertainer-movie-review-121703858514011.html | language=Telugu | trans-title=Anjali new movie Umapathi Movie Review | website=[[Hindustan Times]] | title=Umapathi Movie Review: ఉమాప‌తి రివ్యూ - అవికాగోర్ ప‌ల్లెటూరి ప్రేమ‌క‌థ ఎలా ఉందంటే? | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118112631/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/umapathi-movie-review-avika-gor-anurag-village-love-entertainer-movie-review-121703858514011.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

A Critic of [[Sakshi Post]] Wrote "Umapathi emerges as a breath of fresh air in the romantic drama genre, boasting stellar performances, engaging dialogues, and top-tier production values. Though occasional lags are present, the film offers an overall positive and enjoyable viewing experience."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/umapathi-movie-review-rating-260566 | title=Umapathi Movie Review, Rating | website=[[Sakshi Post]] | date=29 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118112600/https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/umapathi-movie-review-rating-260566 | url-status=live }}</ref>

A Critic from [[10TV]] gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote the "Movie serene backdrop of the countryside, a love story unfolds uniquely, weaving authenticity into the ordinary. Quarrels become the canvas where their rural romance paints a picture of growth, proving that even in simplicity, love finds its extraordinary rhythm.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/avika-gor-anurag-umapathi-movie-review-and-rating-764849.html | title=అవికా గోర్ నిర్మాతగా, హీరోయిన్‌గా చేసిన 'ఉమాపతి' సినిమా రివ్యూ | language=Telugu | trans-title=Avika Gor's Umapathi Movie Review | website=[[Sakshi Post]] | date=29 December 2023 | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=18 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118112515/https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/avika-gor-anurag-umapathi-movie-review-and-rating-764849.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28686243}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Barroz 3D

2026-04-05T16:06:07Z

Ilushikpub: Started New Info From Scratch

{{Short description|2024 film by Mohanlal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Barroz
| image = Barroz.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mohanlal]]

{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Kalavoor Ravikumar]]
}}
| based_on = {{Based on|''Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure''|[[Jijo Punnoose]]}}
| producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mohanlal]]|Maya Rao West}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Lydian Nadhaswaram]] Fernando Guerreiro Miguel Guerreiro '''Score:''' Mark Killian
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = [[B. Ajithkumar]]
| studio = [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]
| distributor = {{ubl|[[Aashirvad Release]] (India)|Phars Film (overseas)|Aashirvad Cinemas Co. LLC (overseas)}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|12|25}}
| runtime = 154 minutes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 December 2024 |title=Barroz bags a clean U certificate for censor board; runtime of Mohanlal's film revealed |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-bags-a-clean-u-certificate-for-censor-board-runtime-of-mohanlals-film-revealed/96a3d8b686399 |work=ottplay.com}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR}}150 crore<ref name="opening">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-26 |title=‘Barroz’ box office: Mohanlal’s directorial debut reportedly earns Rs. 3.6 crores on opening day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-box-office-mohanlals-directorial-debut-reportedly-earns-rs-36-crores-on-opening-day/article69028520.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226081448/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-box-office-mohanlals-directorial-debut-reportedly-earns-rs-36-crores-on-opening-day/article69028520.ece |archive-date=2024-12-26 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Barroz''''' (also marketed as '''''Barroz 3D – Guardian of Treasures''''') is a 2024 Indian [[Children's film|children's]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Mohanlal]], in his directorial debut, and produced by [[Antony Perumbavoor]]'s [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]. The film stars Mohanlal in the titular role, alongside Maya Rao West, Cesar Lorente Raton, [[Ignacio Mateos]], Kallirroi Tziafeta, [[Nerea Camacho]] and Tuhin Menon.The story centers on Barroz, a mysterious, centuries-old guardian spirit entrusted with protecting the hidden treasure of Vasco da Gama. Bound by an ancient spell, Barroz cannot leave his post or hand over the treasure to just anyone. Everything changes when a young girl enters his life.

''Barroz 3D'' was announced in April 2019, which was originally written by [[Jijo Punnoose]] based on his novel ''Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure''. Pre-production works continued for over a year. [[Principal photography]] for the film began in March 2021, but was interrupted by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], prompting changes to the story, screenplay, and cast. Mohanlal and [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]] collaborated to rewrite the scenes, characters, and locations, leading to Punnoose's exit from the film and forfeiting his credits

Filming restarted in December 2021 and wrapped up in July 2022, where the film was predominantly shot in [[Kochi]] and [[Goa]], with two songs filmed in [[Bangkok]] and [[Chennai]]. The film was completely [[3D film|shot in 3D]]. The original score was composed by Mark Kilian, while [[Lydian Nadhaswaram]], Fernando Guerreiro, and Miguel Guerreiro composed the songs. [[Santosh Sivan]] was the cinematographer and [[B. Ajithkumar]] was the editor.

''Barroz 3D'' was released in theatres on 25 December 2024, coinciding with [[Christmas]], in 3D. It received negative reviews from critics and audiences alike, with criticism for its script, screenplay, and dialogues. It was a [[box office bomb]].<ref name=gross>{{cite web |access-date=31 December 2024 |title=Mohanlal reacts to Barroz's box office failure after film collects Rs 19 cr in 6 days: 'Not made for the numbers'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-reacts-to-barroz-box-office-failure-after-film-collects-rs-9-cr-in-6-days-not-made-for-the-numbers-9752550/ |work=Indian Express|date=30 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103190259/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-reacts-to-barroz-box-office-failure-after-film-collects-rs-9-cr-in-6-days-not-made-for-the-numbers-9752550/|archive-date=3 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=December 2024}}
Barroz is the story of a loyal servant turned ghost (Mohanlal) who has been guarding the treasure of Cristavao Da Gama since last four centuries not letting anyone get near it

Isa (Maya Rao West) the 13th generation descendant of Da Gama arrives with her father who wants to tear down the palace and build a large casino

There are some evil forces in play as well behind the treasure and the story goes on to explain how Barroz wins the trust of Isa and also fights against the evil people behind the treasure of Da Gama

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mohanlal]] as Barroz, a [[Malabar Coast|Malabari]] [[slave]] to Cristóvão da Gama
* Maya Rao West in dual role as:
** Isa Ron (Voice dubbed by Anna Mariya)
*** [[Nerea Camacho]] as Isa Ron (adult; cameo)
**Isabella da Gama
***June Vig as Isabella da Gama (kid)
* Tuhin Menon as Ron Madhav, a businessman (Voice dubbed by Vijay Menon)
* [[Ignacio Mateos]] as Cristóvão da Gama, [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Portuguese Viceroy]]
* Gopalan Adat as [[Voodoo doll|Voodoo]] ([[Motion-capture acting|motion capture]])
** Bhasi Vaikom as Voodoo ([[Voice acting|voice]])
* Joshua Okesalako as Muwesi Maria, an [[occultist]] (Voice-over by [[Sayanora Philip]])
* [[Kallirroi Tziafeta]] as Theresa da Gama
* Cesar Lorente Raton as Mendoza, museum curator (Voice dubbed by Anoop Sivasenan)
* [[Guru Somasundaram]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Subramanyam [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], security officer
* Melvin Gregg Kosisochukwu as Masāvana, an African slave
* Amal P. B. as Chotta, a [[Goan]] boy of African descent
* [[Kirtana Kumar]] as Susan Mathew (Voice-over by [[Shwetha Menon]])
* [[Komal Sharma]] as Emcee
* [[Suneeta Rao]] as School principal (Voice-over by [[Lena (actress)|Lena]])
* Manoj Kumar Karki as Minister
* Nikolai as Auctioneer
* Anjana Manuel Joy as [[Sub-inspector]]
* [[Mammooty]] as the narrator (voice only)
* [[Pranav Mohanlal]] as Anonymous, Barroz's [[Mediumship|medium]] to Isa (cameo)
* [[Antony Perumbavoor]] as Intelligence officer (cameo)
* [[Lydian Nadhaswaram]] as Pianist (uncredited cameo)
}}

==Production==
=== Development ===
On 21 April 2019, [[Mohanlal]] announced his directorial debut—a [[3D film]] adaptation of [[Jijo Punnoose]]'s novel ''Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Entertainment Desk|title=Mohanlal to turn director with Barroz|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-director-barroz-5687243/|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=21 April 2019|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107130734/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-director-barroz-5687243/|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally, Mohanlal and [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]] had planned a 3D stage play, seeking guidance from Punnoose, the director of India's first 3D film, ''[[My Dear Kuttichathan]]'' (1984). However, due to high production cost, the project was put on hold.<ref>{{cite news|author=Onmanorama staff|title=Mohanlal to direct a 3D movie 'Barroz – Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure'|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/04/22/mohanlal-turns-director-3d-movie-barroz.html|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[Onmanorama]]|date=22 April 2019|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107130734/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/04/22/mohanlal-turns-director-3d-movie-barroz.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During their discussion, Mohanlal proposed the idea of adapting Punnoose's novel into a film, with himself as the director. Punnoose agreed. Mohanlal planned to shoot the film in [[Goa]] with foreign actors.<ref>{{cite news|author=FP staff|title=Mohanlal to make his directorial debut with 3-D film Barroz - Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mohanlal-to-make-his-directorial-debut-with-3-d-film-barroz-guardian-of-dgamas-treasure-6498681.html|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=23 April 2019|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107130738/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mohanlal-to-make-his-directorial-debut-with-3-d-film-barroz-guardian-of-dgamas-treasure-6498681.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Described as a "fantasy film for children",<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=P. K. Ajith|title=Mohanlal reveals cast of his directorial debut 'Barroz'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlal-reveals-cast-of-his-directorial-debut-barroz/article28760188.ece|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 July 2019|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107130738/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlal-reveals-cast-of-his-directorial-debut-barroz/article28760188.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> the story is rooted in a 17th-century Portuguese-Afro-Indian myth from the [[Malabar Coast]], centering on a hidden treasure belonging to the D'Gama family.<ref name="O_Heraldo"/> The story explores the maritime history of [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[Africa]], and India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Mohanlal ropes in popular Spanish actors for his directorial debut Barroz |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-spanish-actors-directorial-debut-barroz-5861227/ |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=19 January 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829100749/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-spanish-actors-directorial-debut-barroz-5861227/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The myth is locally known as ''kappiri muthappan''. Mohanlal mentioned that it took a year and a half to finalize the screenplay. Though he initially encouraged Punnoose to direct the film, Punnoose declined, leading Mohanlal to consider other directors before deciding to take on the role himself.<ref>{{cite news|author=Web team|title='അവകാശങ്ങളല്ല, അവകാശ വാദവുമല്ല'; 'ബറോസ്' പോലൊരു സിനിമ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദ്യമെന്ന് മോഹൻലാൽ|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-mohanlal-talk-about-barroz-movie-rhwbzz|access-date=6 November 2022|work=[[Asianet News]]|date=8 September 2022|language=ml|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160212/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-mohanlal-talk-about-barroz-movie-rhwbzz|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Mohanlal, Punnoose granted him freedom to make changes to the story, as the original premise had a more serious tone, which underwent revisions.<ref name="MM">{{cite news|author=മനോരമ ലേഖകൻ|title=ബറോസ് ഒരുങ്ങുന്നത് രാജ്യാന്തര നിലവാരത്തിൽ, സെൻസറിങ് ഈ വർഷം: മോഹൻലാൽ പറയുന്നു|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2022/09/05/mohanlal-about-barroz-antony-perumbavoor-aashirvad-cinemas.html|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[Manorama Online]]|date=5 September 2022|language=ml|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004103830/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2022/09/05/mohanlal-about-barroz-antony-perumbavoor-aashirvad-cinemas.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Punnoose discovered the Portuguese-Afro-Indian myth in 1980 while exploring various indigenous fables for India's first 3D film. Eventually, he opted to adapt the ''[[kuttichathan]]'' myth instead. In 2003, he revisited the subject and crafted a story that he shared with friends.<ref name="Novel">{{cite web|last1=Punnoose|first1=Jijo|author1-link=Jijo Punnoose|title=D'Gama's Treasure - Novel|url=https://www.navodayastudio.com/barroz-novel|publisher=[[Navodaya Studio]]|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103104616/https://www.navodayastudio.com/barroz-novel|archive-date=3 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Years later, responding to his colleagues' insistence, Punnoose decided to turn the story into a film in English and [[Hispanic]] languages, taking on the role of director. He revised the 2003 story and penned it as a novel in 2017 to claim copyright. It features two primary characters—Barroz, an elderly [[Afrikaner]] ghost, and Isabella, a teenage girl of [[Malayali]]-[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] descent. While Punnoose's screenplay deviated from the novel in terms of [[Setting (narrative)|setting]] and [[narrative technique]]. Foreign actors were considered for various roles, including that of Barroz. However, the project underwent significant changes in the course of events.<ref name="Jijo">{{cite web|last1=Punnoose|first1=Jijo|author1-link=Jijo Punnoose|title=Evolution of film D'Gama's Treasure|url=https://www.navodayastudio.com/film-dgama-treasure-english-version|publisher=[[Navodaya Studio]]|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101052518/https://www.navodayastudio.com/film-dgama-treasure-english-version|archive-date=1 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

In a 2022 blog, Punnoose provided a detailed explanation of the film's development and its departure from his original work.<ref>{{cite news|author=TNM staff|title=Barroz, Mohanlal's debut film as director, is not based anymore on Jijo's script|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/barroz-mohanlal-s-debut-film-director-not-based-anymore-jijo-s-script-169516|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[The News Minute]]|date=2 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107105114/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/barroz-mohanlal-s-debut-film-director-not-based-anymore-jijo-s-script-169516|url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-2018, Mohanlal and Kumar sought Punnoose's consultation for a 3D stage show. Kumar proposed making the film in [[Malayalam]] language, with Mohanlal portraying Barroz. In February 2019, Punnoose changed the character to a [[Malayali]] to accommodate Mohanlal, but opted out of directing. Mohanlal then took on the role of director, while [[Antony Perumbavoor]] joined as the producer. Punnoose revised the screenplay 22 times to his satisfaction and to the liking of Mohanlal and Antony, while keeping Isabella as the central character. Mohanlal contributed several story elements, which were incorporated into the film.<ref name="Jijo"/>

Preparations for the film were finalized by early January 2020<ref name="Jijo" /> and filming was set to begin in June.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sidhardhan|first=Sanjith|title=Mohanlal's Barroz to go on floors by June 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-go-on-floors-by-june-2020/articleshow/74278396.cms|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 February 2020|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095111/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-go-on-floors-by-june-2020/articleshow/74278396.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, their plans were delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], which affected the set work scheduled for February. The work resumed by the end of 2020. A team of approximately 160 personnel worked at [[Navodaya Studio]] at various departments. The extended time allowed for improvements in [[previsualization]], [[voodoo doll]] animation, [[visual effects]], and action sequences. Pre-production was completed in March 2021.<ref name="Jijo"/> Production was officially announced on 24 March 2021, with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] ceremony held at Navodaya Studio.<ref>{{cite news|last=K.|first=Janani|title=Mohanlal's directorial debut Barroz kicks off. Mammootty, Prithviraj attend launch|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-barroz-kicks-off-mammootty-prithviraj-attend-launch-1783027-2021-03-24|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[India Today]]|date=24 March 2020|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004105629/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-barroz-kicks-off-mammootty-prithviraj-attend-launch-1783027-2021-03-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming began in the same month but was interrupted after one week due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala|second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala]]. By the time the [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdown]] restrictions began to ease, [[Aashirvad Cinemas]] had shifted their focus to producing films for direct [[OTT streaming]]. As a result, there were discussions about [[Unfinished film|shelving]] ''Barroz 3D'' due to its perceived non-viability. However, in November 2021, Mohanlal took the initiative to revive the project, capitalizing on his four-month gap before starting other films.<ref name="Jijo"/><ref name="TOIJijo">{{cite news|author1=ETimes.in|title=Jijo Punnoose washes his hands off 'Barroz', says the screenplay has been changed and fashioned like Mohanlal's films 'Odiyan' and 'Pulimurugan'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jijo-punnoose-washes-his-hands-off-barroz-says-the-screenplay-has-been-changed-and-fashioned-like-mohanlals-films-odiyan-and-pulimurugan/articleshow/95235318.cms|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107130734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jijo-punnoose-washes-his-hands-off-barroz-says-the-screenplay-has-been-changed-and-fashioned-like-mohanlals-films-odiyan-and-pulimurugan/articleshow/95235318.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Considering the challenges posed by the pandemic, including the difficulty of bringing back foreign actors and shooting in distant locations, extensive discussions led to a decision to change the story, screenplay, and performers. In December 2021, Mohanlal and Kumar collaborated to rewrite the scenes, locations, and characters to ensure the film's feasible completion. Mohanlal reimagined his character in line with his successful commercial films to cater to his fans. In May 2022, Jijo expressed his determination to pursue his original plan of directing a film in English and Hispanic languages through his blog, as his original screenplay and [[production design]] had not been utilized. This decision ultimately led to Jijo leaving ''Barroz 3D''. He also requested to have his name removed from the screenplay credits.<ref name="Jijo"/><ref name="TOIJijo"/>

===Casting===
Before Mohanlal took on the roles of actor and director, Punnoose had planned to direct the film as an international project in English and various Hispanic languages. During this phase, he sent the novel to actors like [[Will Smith]], [[Morgan Freeman]], [[Eddie Murphy]], [[Denzel Washington]], and [[Idris Elba]], considering them for the lead role of the Afrikaner ghost.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sreejith|first=K. S.|title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' lands in legal trouble over plagiarism, copyright violation|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/11/mohanlals-barroz-lands-in-legal-trouble-over-plagiarism-copyright-violation|access-date=24 August 2024|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=11 August 2024|archive-date=14 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814235502/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/11/mohanlals-barroz-lands-in-legal-trouble-over-plagiarism-copyright-violation|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2019, Mohanlal announced the casting of Spanish actors [[Paz Vega]], Rafael Amargo, and Cesar Lorente Raton in the film through social media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2019 |title='Barroz': Mohanlal ropes in Spanish actors for directorial debut |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/07/30/barroz-mohanlal-ropes-in-spanish-actors-for-directorial-debut.html |url-status=live |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730225651/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/07/30/barroz-mohanlal-ropes-in-spanish-actors-for-directorial-debut.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Mohanlal ropes in Spanish actors for his debut directorial 'Barroz' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-ropes-spanish-actors-his-debut-directorial-barroz-106443 |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2020 |publisher=[[The News Minute]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731180622/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-ropes-spanish-actors-his-debut-directorial-barroz-106443 |archive-date=31 July 2019 }}</ref> Amargo was cast as [[Vasco da Gama]], while Vega was chosen to portray his wife.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2021 |title=Mohanlal commences work on 'Barroz' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/feb/23/mohanlal-commences-work-on-barroz-2267471.html |access-date=1 March 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304064913/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/feb/23/mohanlal-commences-work-on-barroz-2267471.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Raton, who initially worked in the casting department, was invited to audition for a part and landed in [[dual role]]s.<ref>{{cite news|last=Soman|first=Deepa|title=Spanish theatre artiste Cesar Raton is thrilled to have worked with Mohanlal in Barroz|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2023/02/24/barroz-guardian-of-treasures-3d-mohanlal-spanish-actor-cesar-lorante-raton.html|access-date=29 June 2023|work=[[OnManorama]]|date=25 February 2023|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629074430/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2023/02/24/barroz-guardian-of-treasures-3d-mohanlal-spanish-actor-cesar-lorante-raton.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later in September, Mohanlal revealed that American child actress Shayla McCaffrey would play the lead role.<ref>{{cite news|author=CE Features|title=Mohanlal's Lucifer to be extended as a trilogy|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/sep/23/mohanlals-lucifer-to-be-extended-as-a-trilogy-14471.html|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[Cinema Express]]|date=23 September 2019|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004134504/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/sep/23/mohanlals-lucifer-to-be-extended-as-a-trilogy-14471.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2020, [[Pratap Pothen]] confirmed his signing for the role of the [[voodoo doll]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohanlal casts Pratap Pothen in Barroz|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/mar/06/mohanlal-casts-pratap-pothen-in-barroz-2112801.html|access-date=25 March 2020|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325063033/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/mar/06/mohanlal-casts-pratap-pothen-in-barroz-2112801.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Speculations about [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]'s casting arose when he was spotted with the crew during the film's pre-production discussions in March.<ref>{{cite news|author=Timesofindia.com|title=Has Prithviraj Sukumaran secured a part in Mohanlal's 'Barroz'?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/has-prithviraj-sukumaran-secured-a-part-in-mohanlals-barroz/articleshow/81545304.cms|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 March 2020|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004134503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/has-prithviraj-sukumaran-secured-a-part-in-mohanlals-barroz/articleshow/81545304.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> His presence in the cast was confirmed during that same month.<ref>{{cite news|last=K.|first=Janani|title=Mohanlal and Prithviraj Sukumaran at Barroz launch afterparty. See pics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-at-barroz-launch-after-party-see-pics-1783359-2021-03-25|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[India Today]]|date=25 March 2020|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004134507/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-at-barroz-launch-after-party-see-pics-1783359-2021-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref> Sara Vega, the sister of Paz Vega, replaced her in the role of Teresa da Gama.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rondán|first=Á.|title=Así es Sara Vega, la polifacética hermana pequeña de Paz Vega|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4702193/0/asi-es-sara-vega-la-polifacetica-hermana-pequena-de-paz-vega/|access-date=12 October 2022|work=[[20 minutos]]|date=22 May 2021|language=es|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012130247/https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4702193/0/asi-es-sara-vega-la-polifacetica-hermana-pequena-de-paz-vega/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]], the film faced delays, leading to the replacement of some major cast members when production resumed in December 2021. Prithviraj opted out of the film due to scheduling conflicts with ''[[Kaduva]]'' and ''[[Aadujeevitham (film)|Aadujeevitham]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=V. S.|first1=Goutham|title=Prithviraj Sukumaran leaves Mohanlal's Barroz|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/prithviraj-sukumaran-backs-out-of-mohanlal-barroz-7694310/|access-date=18 May 2022|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 December 2021|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518173103/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/prithviraj-sukumaran-backs-out-of-mohanlal-barroz-7694310/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuhin Menon was brought in as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web|author=Canchannels|title=ബറോസിന്റെ ഷൂട്ടിംഗ് പൂര്‍ത്തിയാകുന്നു. കേരള ഷെഡ്യൂൾ ഏപ്രിൽ 23 ന് തീരും. ഗോവ ഷെഡ്യൂൾ 27 ന് തുടങ്ങും.|url=https://www.canchannels.com/movie-barroz-kerala-schedule-ends-on-april-23-goa-schedule-starts-on-the-27th/|publisher=Canchannels.com|access-date=4 October 2022|language=ml|date=21 April 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004140007/https://www.canchannels.com/movie-barroz-kerala-schedule-ends-on-april-23-goa-schedule-starts-on-the-27th/|url-status=live}}</ref> McCaffrey was replaced by Indo-British actress Maya Rao West<ref>{{cite news |author=ETimes.in |date=6 January 2022 |title=Mohanlal launches the majestic first look poster of his maiden directorial 'Barroz' on New Year's Eve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-launches-the-majestic-first-look-poster-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz-on-new-years-eve/articleshow/88630603.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004134503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-launches-the-majestic-first-look-poster-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz-on-new-years-eve/articleshow/88630603.cms |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> due to conflicts with her academic studies and noticeable physical changes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sidhardhan|first=Sanjith|title=Mohanlal to scrap already-filmed portions of his directorial debut Barroz and restart from December 15|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-to-scrap-already-filmed-portions-of-his-directorial-debut-barroz-and-restart-from-december-15/01ef8442e6787|publisher=OTT Play|access-date=4 October 2022|date=2 December 2021|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004140007/https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-to-scrap-already-filmed-portions-of-his-directorial-debut-barroz-and-restart-from-december-15/01ef8442e6787|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021, [[Guru Somasundaram]] confirmed his casting in the film, who was called by Mohanlal after the release of his film ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' (2021).<ref>{{cite news|author=ETimes.in|title=Mohanlal's Barroz update! Guru Somasundaram to play a major role in the film?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-update-guru-somasundaram-to-play-a-major-role-in-the-film-read-more/articleshow/88503442.cms|access-date=18 May 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 December 2021|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519070909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-update-guru-somasundaram-to-play-a-major-role-in-the-film-read-more/articleshow/88503442.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He plays a cop<ref>{{cite news |author=ETimes.in |date=22 November 2022 |title=Guru Somasundaram to play a police character in Mohanlal's 'Barroz' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/guru-somasundaram-to-play-a-police-character-in-mohanlals-barroz/articleshow/95678106.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629074429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/guru-somasundaram-to-play-a-police-character-in-mohanlals-barroz/articleshow/95678106.cms |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was scheduled to join in February 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=M.|first=Athira|title=Guru Somasundaram on 'Minnal Murali': I wasn't prepared for this level of adulation|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-guru-somasundram-minnal-murali/article64825440.ece|access-date=12 October 2022|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 January 2022|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012130247/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-guru-somasundram-minnal-murali/article64825440.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Komal Sharma]] was cast in an undisclosed role. Sharma shared her experience of working on the film, highlighting Mohanlal's equal treatment of all cast members regardless of their status as leading stars, newcomers, or children.<ref>{{cite news|author=Outlook Web Bureau|title=Acting With Mohanal Sir Is An Award-Winning Experience: Komal Sharma|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/acting-with-mohanal-sir-is-an-award-winning-experience-komal-sharma-news-206113|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=1 July 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003234013/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/acting-with-mohanal-sir-is-an-award-winning-experience-komal-sharma-news-206113|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on 31 March 2021 at sets constructed in [[Fort Kochi]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Timeofindia.com |title=Lights! Camera! Action! Mohanlal's maiden directorial 'Barroz' goes on floors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lights-camera-action-mohanlals-maiden-directorial-barroz-goes-on-floors/articleshow/81819619.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 April 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519070908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lights-camera-action-mohanlals-maiden-directorial-barroz-goes-on-floors/articleshow/81819619.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Before filming began, [[K. U. Mohanan]], who was initially appointed as the cinematographer, was replaced by [[Santosh Sivan]].<ref>{{cite news|author=CE Features|title=Santosh Sivan to join Mohanlal's Barroz?|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/17/santosh-sivan-to-join-mohanlals-barroz-20837.html|access-date=12 October 2022|work=[[Cinema Express]]|date=17 October 2020|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012133335/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/17/santosh-sivan-to-join-mohanlals-barroz-20837.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sivan described ''Barroz 3D'' as "a visual film that doesn't have a conventional story. It's got [[magical realism]], 3D and is [[VFX]] heavy".<ref name=SS>{{cite web|last=Sidhardhan|first=Sanjith|title=Exclusive! Mohanlal has a vision of his own, he doesn't imitate anyone: Santosh Sivan on Barroz|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-mohanlal-has-a-vision-of-his-own-he-doesnt-imitate-anyone-santosh-sivan-on-barroz/3006935cb6112|publisher=OTT Play|access-date=18 May 2022|date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517095145/https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-mohanlal-has-a-vision-of-his-own-he-doesnt-imitate-anyone-santosh-sivan-on-barroz/3006935cb6112|url-status=live}}</ref> Santhosh Raman oversaw the production design. Filming took place at sets in [[Navodaya Studio]] in April.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mathrubhumi|title=Mohanlal's latest pic from 'Barroz' location goes viral|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mohanlal-s-latest-pic-from-barroz-location-goes-viral-1.5610425|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=22 April 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107081219/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mohanlal-s-latest-pic-from-barroz-location-goes-viral-1.5610425|url-status=live}}</ref> The film prominently features [[Goa]], and the shooting schedule there was planned to start in early August.<ref name="O_Heraldo">{{cite news|author=Team Cafe|title=Mollywood's biggest superstar set to make blockbuster on Vasco da Gama's 'lost treasure'|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Mollywoods-biggest-superstar-set-tomake-blockbuster-on-Vasco-da-Gamas-lost-treasure/173241|access-date=18 May 2022|work=[[O Heraldo]]|date=6 April 2021|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224031213/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Mollywoods-biggest-superstar-set-tomake-blockbuster-on-Vasco-da-Gamas-lost-treasure/173241|url-status=live}}</ref>

Filming, which initially involved 85 crew members, proceeded for a week in [[Kochi]] before being halted due to the second [[COVID-19 lockdown]]. In May, efforts were focused on caring for the 24 infected cast and crew members and arranging the return of foreign actors to their home countries, as [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport|airline operations had been suspended]].<ref name="Jijo"/> With Aashirvad Cinemas changing their plans, ''Barroz 3D'' came close to cancellation, leading to the dismantling of the treasure cellar set at Navodaya Studio on Antony's instruction. However, in November 2021, Mohanlal revived the film. Due to logistical challenges like bringing back foreign actors and shooting [[Location shooting|on location]], even in nearby places like Goa, the decision was made in December 2021 to change the story, screenplay, and cast. The revised plan involved shooting in and around Kochi, primarily using indoor sets at Navodaya Studio for major filming.<ref name="onmanorama">{{cite news|author=Onmanorama staff|title=Revised 'Barroz' script 22 times to Mohanlal's liking: Jijo Punnoose|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/02/barroz-mohanlal-jijo-punnoose-film-direction-script-revised-22-times.html|access-date=7 November 2022|work=[[Onmanorama]]|date=2 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107105308/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/02/barroz-mohanlal-jijo-punnoose-film-direction-script-revised-22-times.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Filming resumed on 26 December 2021, with recasting and reshoots taking place.<ref name="resumed">{{cite news |author=Onmanorama staff |title=Here is why Prithviraj opted out of Mohanlal's directorial debut 'Barroz' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/12/27/prithviraj-opted-out-of-mohanlal-directorial-debut-barroz.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171529/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/12/27/prithviraj-opted-out-of-mohanlal-directorial-debut-barroz.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Portions featuring Prithviraj, shot in April 2021, were scrapped by Mohanlal. From February to April 2022, filming occurred in Kochi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sidhardhan |first1=Sanjith |title=Mohanlal to complete Barroz's Goa schedule next, to head to Portugal after winding up Bigg Boss Malayalam |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-to-complete-barrozs-goa-schedule-and-head-to-portugal-after-winding-up-bigg-boss-malayalam/58571b5a2521 |publisher=OTT Play |access-date=18 May 2022 |date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171618/https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-to-complete-barrozs-goa-schedule-and-head-to-portugal-after-winding-up-bigg-boss-malayalam/58571b5a2521 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April, Punnoose assisted in executing a rotating-set mechanism for a scene involving Barroz walking on the walls of the treasure cellar, which was his only involvement after he left the film.<ref name="TOIJijo"/> A sequence was filmed with gravity illusion technique, which Punnoose implemented it in ''My Dear Kuttichathan'' It was followed by a schedule in Goa, which was completed in May.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sidhardhan |first1=Sanjith |title=Mohanlal completes Barroz's Goa schedule, final schedule planned in Portugal next month |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-completes-barrozs-goa-schedule-final-schedule-planned-in-portugal-next-month/a4d4489c6d271 |publisher=OTT Play |access-date=18 May 2022 |date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171530/https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlal-completes-barrozs-goa-schedule-final-schedule-planned-in-portugal-next-month/a4d4489c6d271 |url-status=live }}</ref> With this, majority of the film's production had been completed, with only two songs remaining.<ref name=SS/> In early July, a song featuring an [[animation]] sequence was filmed in [[Bangkok]]. The title song was filmed in [[Chennai]] by the end of that month<ref>{{cite web|last=Sidhardhan|first=Sanjith|title=Exclusive! Mohanlal to wrap up Barroz shoot with a song sequence in Chennai this week|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-mohanlal-to-wrap-up-barroz-shoot-with-a-song-sequence-in-chennai-this-week/f3a0cd46d5409|publisher=OTT Play|access-date=29 September 2022|date=25 July 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929130758/https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-mohanlal-to-wrap-up-barroz-shoot-with-a-song-sequence-in-chennai-this-week/f3a0cd46d5409|url-status=live}}</ref> which was initially planned to be shot in Portugal.<ref name="MM"/> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up on 29 July 2022.<ref>{{cite news|author=ETimes.in|title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' wraps up the shoot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-wraps-up-the-shoot/articleshow/93226401.cms|access-date=29 September 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 July 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929130800/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-wraps-up-the-shoot/articleshow/93226401.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar served as an associate director.<ref name="MM" /><ref name="Vismaya">{{cite news|author=Timesofindia.com|title=Mohanlal's daughter Vismaya to work with him in 'Barroz'?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-daughter-vismaya-to-work-with-him-in-barroz/articleshow/77013968.cms|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 July 2020|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-daughter-vismaya-to-work-with-him-in-barroz/articleshow/77013968.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2024, speaking about Mohanlal's approach to directing, Sivan said that, unlike other filmmakers, Mohanlal did not give any references to shots from other films, stating, "he is a spontaneous director, and his process is very organic".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanjith Sidhardhan |date=2024-11-13 |title=After 'tricky film' Barroz, Mohanlal won't direct again: Santosh Sivan {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/santosh-sivan-why-barroz-tricky-film-mohanlal-wont-direct-again/2911dfc143230 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116215628/https://www.ottplay.com/news/santosh-sivan-why-barroz-tricky-film-mohanlal-wont-direct-again/2911dfc143230 |archive-date=2024-11-16 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

===Post-production===
The post-production work of the film commenced in 2022 shortly after the conclusion of filming. It took place at [[Thailand]] and India, with [[sound mixing]] done in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-24 |title=Mohanlal planning an international collaboration for the post-production works of his maiden directorial 'Barroz' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-planning-an-international-collaboration-for-the-post-production-works-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz/articleshow/91759279.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005221229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-planning-an-international-collaboration-for-the-post-production-works-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz/articleshow/91759279.cms |archive-date=2023-10-05 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In September 2022, Mohanlal revealed plans to complete post-production and submit the film for certification by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] within the same year. He worked towards completing the film in time for a projected theatrical release within March 2023.<ref name="MM"/> Brynley Cadman was the [[visual effects supervisor]] and Jonathan Miller was the sound designer.<ref name="release">{{cite news |author=TOI Entertainment Desk |date=6 May 2024 |title=Mohanlal announces the release date of his maiden directorial 'Barroz' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-announces-the-release-date-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz/articleshow/109890259.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509144547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-announces-the-release-date-of-his-maiden-directorial-barroz/articleshow/109890259.cms |archive-date=9 May 2024 |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In August 2023, Mohanlal revealed that most of the [[Re-recording (filmmaking)|re-recording]] was completed in Los Angeles, with the remaining work continuing in [[Budapest]], Hungary.<ref>{{cite news |author=Entertainment Desk |date=4 August 2023 |title=Mohanlal: 'Malaikottai Vaaliban will offer a unique experience; Barroz to hit theatres in December' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-big-updates-malaikottai-vaaliban-unique-experience-barroz-theatres-8876667/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118122708/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-big-updates-malaikottai-vaaliban-unique-experience-barroz-theatres-8876667/ |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In February 2024, he shared an image from [[Sony Pictures Studios]] in Hollywood, showing Kilian and Miller fine-tuning the music and sound.<ref>{{cite news |author=Entertainment Bureau |date=10 February 2024 |title=Mohanlal Spotted At Sony Pictures Studios With Mark Kilian and Jonathan Miller For Barroz |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mohanlal-spotted-at-sony-pictures-studios-with-mark-kilian-and-jonathan-miller-for-barroz-8774148.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824151652/https://www.news18.com/movies/mohanlal-spotted-at-sony-pictures-studios-with-mark-kilian-and-jonathan-miller-for-barroz-8774148.html |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[CNN-News18]]}}</ref> The final phase of post-production began in Mumbai in August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-05 |title=Post-production work of Mohanlal's 'Barroz' resumes in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/post-production-work-of-mohanlals-barroz-resumes-in-mumbai/articleshow/112281767.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808094615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/post-production-work-of-mohanlals-barroz-resumes-in-mumbai/articleshow/112281767.cms |archive-date=2024-08-08 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The crew was in the process of finishing the VFX work and preparing the film for its [[IMAX]] release.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Akhila Menon |date=2024-09-03 |title=Barroz release pushed again: What is the current status of Mohanlal's directorial debut? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-release-pushed-again-current-status-of-mohanlal-directorial-debut/83a0c0b9c5500 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908232909/https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-release-pushed-again-current-status-of-mohanlal-directorial-debut/83a0c0b9c5500 |archive-date=2024-09-08 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> As a result of the lengthy post-production phase, the film was postponed multiple times from its initial release plan.<ref name=":3" /> A private screening for the finished film was held in Mumbai in October 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-04 |title='Barroz' screening held in Mumbai: Mohanlal and team fully satisfied with the results |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-screening-held-in-mumbai-mohanlal-and-team-fully-satisfied-with-the-results/articleshow/113922456.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009105924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-screening-held-in-mumbai-mohanlal-and-team-fully-satisfied-with-the-results/articleshow/113922456.cms |archive-date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Barroz (soundtrack)|l1 = ''Barroz'' (soundtrack)}}
The film's [[original score]] was composed by South African composer Mark Kilian.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Hindu Bureau|title=Hollywood composer Mark Kilian on board Mohanlal's 'Barroz'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hollywood-composer-mark-kilian-on-board-mohanlals-barroz/article66521650.ece|access-date=28 June 2023|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 February 2023|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701033052/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hollywood-composer-mark-kilian-on-board-mohanlals-barroz/article66521650.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Three songs were composed by [[Lydian Nadhaswaram]],<ref>{{cite news|author=CE Features|title=Lydian Nadhaswaram to compose music for Mohanlal's Barroz|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jun/14/lydian-nadhaswaram-to-compose-music-for-mohanlals-barroz-12275.html|access-date=4 October 2022|work=[[Cinema Express]]|date=14 June 2019|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095111/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jun/14/lydian-nadhaswaram-to-compose-music-for-mohanlals-barroz-12275.html|url-status=live}}</ref> marking his feature film debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-14 |title=Child prodigy Lydian Nadhaswaram to compose music for Mohanlal's 'Barroz' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/child-prodigy-lydian-nadhaswaram-compose-music-mohanlal-s-barroz-103628 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221100702/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/child-prodigy-lydian-nadhaswaram-compose-music-mohanlal-s-barroz-103628 |archive-date=2024-12-21 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> In addition to that, two [[fado]] songs were composed and co-written by Fernando Guerreiro and Miguel Guerreiro.<ref name=":4">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQ_VDT2eNWk |title=Barroz 3D - Guardian of Treasure {{!}} A Virtual 3D Trailer {{!}} Mohanlal {{!}} Antony Perumbavoor |date=2024-11-19 |last=Aashirvad Cinemas |time=2:01 |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125065938/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQ_VDT2eNWk |archive-date=2024-11-25 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |date=2024-12-20 |title=Barroz (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7cDXrkTqhXHTNOe8AP3Gk3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220070042/https://open.spotify.com/album/7cDXrkTqhXHTNOe8AP3Gk3 |archive-date=2024-12-20 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref> The lyrics were provided by [[Vinayak Sasikumar]], Lakshmi Sreekumar, and Krishnadas Panki.<ref name=":4" /> The soundtrack album was released under the [[Sony Music India]] label on 20 December 2024.<ref name=":8" />

== Marketing ==
On 26 December 2021, Mohanlal released a promo teaser of the film indicating his roles both as an actor and director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Watch: Promo teaser of Barroz features Mohanlal as both an actor and director |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-promo-teaser-barroz-features-mohanlal-both-actor-and-director-159190 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125182811/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-promo-teaser-barroz-features-mohanlal-both-actor-and-director-159190 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> The promo also featured Mohanlal paying tribute to the directors he worked with, besides unveiling his character as the titular role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Barroz teaser: When Mohanlal directs Mohanlal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-teaser-when-mohanlal-directs-mohanlal-7692214/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227115847/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-teaser-when-mohanlal-directs-mohanlal-7692214/ |archive-date=2021-12-27 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Coinciding with [[New Year's Eve]] (31 December), the makers released the first look poster featuring Mohanlal in a tonsured bald look for the titular character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-01-01 |title=Mohanlal goes bald in first look of 'Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Jan/01/mohanlal-goes-bald-in-first-look-of-barroz-guardian-of-dgamas-treasure-2402006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103144122/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Jan/01/mohanlal-goes-bald-in-first-look-of-barroz-guardian-of-dgamas-treasure-2402006.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In a radio interview in [[Doha]] in November 2022, Mohanlal stated that the film's trailer would be released in theatres along with ''[[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' on 16 December 2022. However, the trailer was not released on that date.<ref>{{cite web |author=Team OTTplay |date=2 November 2022 |title=Mohanlal's Barroz trailer to be released along with James Cameron's Avatar 2? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlals-barroz-trailer-to-be-released-along-with-james-camerons-avatar-2-in-theatres/c491cf5a50661 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103093932/https://www.ottplay.com/news/mohanlals-barroz-trailer-to-be-released-along-with-james-camerons-avatar-2-in-theatres/c491cf5a50661 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>

On 24 April 2024, Mohanlal released the [[behind-the-scenes]] video of the film,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-24 |title='Barroz' BTS video out! Mohanlal's dual role: directing and acting in fantasy films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-bts-video-out-mohanlals-dual-role-directing-and-acting-in-fantasy-films/articleshow/109565607.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430081723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-bts-video-out-mohanlals-dual-role-directing-and-acting-in-fantasy-films/amp_articleshow/109565607.cms |archive-date=2024-04-30 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which also revealed the other cast members playing significant roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-25 |title='Barroz' BTS video: Mohanlal takes charge as actor-director in ambitious fantasy drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-bts-video-mohanlal-takes-charge-as-actor-director-in-ambitious-fantasy-drama/article68105786.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501204101/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-bts-video-mohanlal-takes-charge-as-actor-director-in-ambitious-fantasy-drama/article68105786.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=Aashirvad Cinemas drops character-revealing BTS video of Mohanlal's Barroz |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/24/aashirvad-cinemas-drops-character-revealing-bts-video-of-mohanlals-barroz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125183245/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/24/aashirvad-cinemas-drops-character-revealing-bts-video-of-mohanlals-barroz |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> In July 2024, a two-part animated series titled as ''Barroz and Voodoo'' released as a prelude to the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title=നിധി കാക്കും ബറോസ് ഭൂതത്തിൻ്റെ പോരാട്ടം; അനിമേറ്റഡ് വീഡിയോ പുറത്തുവിട്ട് മോഹൻലാൽ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mohanlal-barroz-voodoo-animated-series-released-1.9724513 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715231145/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/movies-music/news/mohanlal-barroz-voodoo-animated-series-released-1.9724513 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> The series was conceptualized by Kumar and directed by Sunil Nambu, with musical score composed by [[Ramesh Narayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhila Menon |date=2024-07-14 |title=Barroz and Voodoo: Here's all about the animated series based on Mohanlal s directorial debut |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-and-voodoo-heres-all-about-the-animated-series-based-on-mohanlal-s-directorial-debut/32ecffd1f6597 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125183510/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/barroz-and-voodoo-heres-all-about-the-animated-series-based-on-mohanlal-s-directorial-debut/32ecffd1f6597 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-25 |title=Mohanlal launches the second part of the animated series 'Barroz and Voodoo' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-launches-the-second-part-of-the-animated-series-barroz-and-voodoo/articleshow/111996386.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909154800/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-launches-the-second-part-of-the-animated-series-barroz-and-voodoo/amp_articleshow/111996386.cms |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film's trailer was privately screened for the crew at [[PVR Cinemas|PVR INOX]] cinema theatre in [[Mumbai]] in early August,<ref name=":0">{{cite news |author=TOI Entertainment Desk |date=5 August 2024 |title=Mohanlal attends the screening of 'Barroz' trailer with Santosh Sivan in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-attends-the-screening-of-barroz-trailer-with-santosh-sivan-in-mumbai/articleshow/112233317.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807060511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-attends-the-screening-of-barroz-trailer-with-santosh-sivan-in-mumbai/articleshow/112233317.cms |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was scheduled to be released on 6 September 2024 at the [[3rd IIFA Utsavam|3rd edition]] of [[IIFA Utsavam]] award ceremony held at [[Yas Island]], [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gayathri Krishna |date=2024-07-28 |title=Barroz 3D: Mohanlal-starrer's trailer to be unveiled on this date! |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-3d-mohanlal-starrer-trailer-release-date/43c5f5a083674 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125183715/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/barroz-3d-mohanlal-starrer-trailer-release-date/43c5f5a083674 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-28 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' special trailer to launch on THIS date in Abu Dhabi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-special-trailer-to-launch-on-this-date-in-abu-dhabi/articleshow/112007459.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918184545/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-special-trailer-to-launch-on-this-date-in-abu-dhabi/amp_articleshow/112007459.cms |archive-date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> However, the film's postponement and with the event being delayed to three weeks later, also deterred the plans for the launch.<ref name=":2" />

The film's 3D [[Theatrical trailer|trailer]] was premiered during the theatrical screenings of [[Suriya]]'s ''[[Kanguva]]'' and received praise from fans for the visuals and technical excellence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-14 |title='Barroz 3D' trailer premieres with 'Kanguva', fans hail Mohanlal's visual mastery and stunning quality |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-3d-trailer-premieres-with-kanguva-fans-hail-mohanlals-visual-mastery-and-stunning-quality/articleshow/115284338.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125183821/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-3d-trailer-premieres-with-kanguva-fans-hail-mohanlals-visual-mastery-and-stunning-quality/amp_articleshow/115284338.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' trailer stole the show during 'Kanguva,' fans say |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/19/mohanlal-barroz-trailer-svreening-kanguva-suriya-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125183909/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/19/mohanlal-barroz-trailer-svreening-kanguva-suriya-film.amp.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> The trailer was then released online on 19 November in [[Virtual reality|virtual 3D]] format,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=Barroz trailer: Mohanlal is a 'badass ghost' in his debut directorial. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-is-a-badass-ghost-in-his-debut-directorial-watch-9677776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120020030/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-is-a-badass-ghost-in-his-debut-directorial-watch-9677776/ |archive-date=2024-11-20 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-19 |title='Barroz' trailer: Mohanlal is the guardian of treasure in this fantasy adventure |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-is-the-guardian-of-treasure-in-this-fantasy-adventure/article68886104.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121042800/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-is-the-guardian-of-treasure-in-this-fantasy-adventure/article68886104.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2024-11-21 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=Barroz trailer: Mohanlal becomes the guardian angel in a fantasy, Disney-like drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-becomes-the-guardian-angel-in-a-fantasy-disney-like-drama-2635921-2024-11-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119121945/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/barroz-trailer-mohanlal-becomes-the-guardian-angel-in-a-fantasy-disney-like-drama-2635921-2024-11-19 |archive-date=2024-11-19 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> launched by actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] on his X (formerly [[Twitter]]) handle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-22 |title=Mohanlal expresses gratitude to Amitabh Bachchan for supporting 'Barroz' trailer: 'Your support is truly humbling' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-expresses-gratitude-to-amitabh-bachchan-for-supporting-barroz-trailer-your-support-is-truly-humbling/articleshow/115511530.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122010306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-expresses-gratitude-to-amitabh-bachchan-for-supporting-barroz-trailer-your-support-is-truly-humbling/articleshow/115511530.cms |archive-date=2024-11-22 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Lubna |date=2024-11-19 |title=Mohanlal Expresses Gratitude To Amitabh Bachchan For Supporting Barroz Trailer |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mohanlal-expresses-gratitude-to-amitabh-bachchan-for-supporting-barroz-trailer-9128093.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122021909/https://www.news18.com/movies/mohanlal-expresses-gratitude-to-amitabh-bachchan-for-supporting-barroz-trailer-9128093.html |archive-date=2024-11-22 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> In the weeks leading up to the film's release since November 2024, Mohanlal released posters that revealed the principal cast on his social media accounts.<ref>{{Cite web |title='ബറോസി'ന്റെ 'വൂഡൂ'; സർപ്രൈസ് കഥാപാത്രത്തെ പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തി മോഹൻലാല്‍ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/11/30/mohanlal-barroz-voodoo-doll-poster.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211174354/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/11/30/mohanlal-barroz-voodoo-doll-poster.html |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='സംവിധാനം മോഹൻലാൽ' സ്ക്രീനിൽ തെളിയാൻ ഇനി 28 ദിവസം; ബറോസ് പുത്തൻ പോസ്റ്ററുമായി താരം |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-mohanlal-first-directorial-movie-barroz-new-poster-release-on-25th-december-snk5yg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203143013/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-mohanlal-first-directorial-movie-barroz-new-poster-release-on-25th-december-snk5yg |archive-date=2024-12-03 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref> A [[Moster (motion movie poster)|moster]] was later released on 9 December.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-09 |title=Mohanlal unveils the motion poster for 'Barroz': A magical journey into real 3D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-unveils-the-motion-poster-for-barroz-a-magical-journey-into-real-3d/articleshow/116106240.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211173859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-unveils-the-motion-poster-for-barroz-a-magical-journey-into-real-3d/articleshow/116106240.cms |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=New Motion Poster Of Mohanlal's Barroz Unveiled! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/new-motion-poster-of-mohanlal-directorial-barroz-unveiled-article-116141126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211174600/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/new-motion-poster-of-mohanlal-directorial-barroz-unveiled-article-116141126 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> The trailer for the film's Hindi-dubbed version was launched on 11 December, at the Oberoi Mall in [[Mumbai]],<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Santanu |date=2024-12-11 |title=Barroz 3D Guardian of Treasure trailer: Mohanlal envisions a grand adventure in his directorial debut. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/barroz-3d-guardian-of-treasure-trailer-mohanlal-envisions-a-grand-adventure-in-his-directorial-debut-watch-101733909714468.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211175215/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/barroz-3d-guardian-of-treasure-trailer-mohanlal-envisions-a-grand-adventure-in-his-directorial-debut-watch-101733909714468.html |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> with Akshay Kumar being present for the event.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=The trailer of Mohanlal's Directorial Debut film Barroz is out now |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-3d-trailer-released-70173.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211175216/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-3d-trailer-released-70173.html |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Watch: Akshay Kumar launches Barroz trailer, expresses admiration for Mohanlal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akshay-kumar-launches-mohanlal-barroz-trailer-actor-thanks-him-2648283-2024-12-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211175209/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akshay-kumar-launches-mohanlal-barroz-trailer-actor-thanks-him-2648283-2024-12-11 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It was shared online by Bachchan and [[Jackie Shroff]]. The trailer for the Tamil-dubbed version was launched by actors [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and [[Vijay Sethupathi]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=மீண்டும் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டம்.. நடிகர் மோகன்லால் இயக்கி நடிக்கும் பரோஸ் படத்தின் ட்ரெய்லர்! |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/mohanlal-movie-barroz-trailer-is-out-direction-by-actor-mohanlal-barroz-3d-guardian-of-treasures-release-date-video-116359046 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216181632/https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/mohanlal-movie-barroz-trailer-is-out-direction-by-actor-mohanlal-barroz-3d-guardian-of-treasures-release-date-video-116359046 |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Times Now Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> and the Kannada and Telugu-dubbed versions by [[Rishab Shetty]] and [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] respectively, on 15 and 16 December.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Gowthami |date=2024-12-16 |title=ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದಿರೋ ಮೋಹನ್ ಲಾಲ್, ಎಲ್ಲೆಲ್ಲೂ ಫ್ಯಾಂಟಸಿ ಮೂವಿ ಬರೋಜ್ ಟ್ರೈಲರ್ ಸದ್ದು! |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/video/cine-world/mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-barroz-trailer-released-gow-sokoth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216180733/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/video/cine-world/mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-barroz-trailer-released-gow-sokoth |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=Barroz 3D: డైరెక్టర్‌గా మారిన మోహన్ లాల్.. ఆకట్టుకుంటున్న బరోజ్ మూవీ ట్రైలర్.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/actor-mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-movie-telugu-trailer-out-1423752.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216180624/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/actor-mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-movie-telugu-trailer-out-1423752.html |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

In early December, Mohanlal announced the ''Barroz Art Contest'' for fans to design posters and artworks based on the central character, in which winners would get a cash prize ranging from ₹25,000 to ₹1,00,000;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-06 |title='ബറോസ്' ആര്‍ട്ട് കോണ്ടെസ്റ്റ് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു; ഒന്നാം സമ്മാനം ഒരു ലക്ഷം, ഒപ്പം മോഹന്‍ലാലിനെ കാണാം |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/barroz-art-contest-announced-by-mohanlal-aashirvad-cinemas-santosh-sivan-so2swr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211180155/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/barroz-art-contest-announced-by-mohanlal-aashirvad-cinemas-santosh-sivan-so2swr |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-06 |title=ബറോസ് ആർട് മത്സരത്തിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കൂ; മോഹൻലാൽ നൽകും വമ്പൻ സമ്മാനം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/06/barroz-art-contest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211180113/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/06/barroz-art-contest.html |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref> the second prize winners would receive an exclusive autograph from Mohanlal, while grand prize winners would meet the actor and present the artwork.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-06 |title=Mohanlal announces open art contest for his debut directorial 'Barroz' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/mohanlal-announces-open-art-contest-for-his-debut-directorial-barroz-23441489 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211175826/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/mohanlal-announces-open-art-contest-for-his-debut-directorial-barroz-23441489 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> The same month, the Jain International School of Creative Arts and [[Manorama Online]] had announced an art competition for schoolchildren based on ''Barroz 3D''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=ബറോസും ആയിരം കുട്ടികളും; മനോരമ ഓൺലൈൻ-ജെയിൻ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി അഖില കേരള ബറോസ് ചിത്രരചന മത്സരം ഡിസംബർ 21ന് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/10/all-kerala-barroz-drawing-competition-for-kids.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211180909/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/10/all-kerala-barroz-drawing-competition-for-kids.html |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref> Limited for around thousand participants, they would have to draw their own interpretation of the film posters and trailer in this competition.<ref name=":5" /> It will be held at the Jain University in [[InfoPark Kochi]], where Mohanlal would be felicitated as the chief guest, and winners would get a cash reward in first three prizes worth ₹3,00,000, presented by the actor on stage.<ref name=":5" /> Jain International School and Manorama Online, further announced a [[Treasure hunting|treasure hunt]] competition across Kerala, limited for 25 participants with no age restrictions and they would receive ''Barroz 3D'' [[T-shirt]]s as incentives, while winners and participants would receive prizes worth ₹5,00,000, including cash prizes ranging from ₹4,000 to ₹10,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=കേരളമെമ്പാടും ബറോസ് ട്രഷർ ഹണ്ട്; 5 ലക്ഷത്തിലധികം രൂപ മൂല്യം വരുന്ന സമ്മാനങ്ങൾ നേടാൻ അവസരം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/13/barroz-treasure-hunt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216181525/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/12/13/barroz-treasure-hunt.html |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref>

==Release==

=== Theatrical ===
''Barroz 3D'' was theatrically released on the occasion of [[Christmas]] (25 December 2024), in 3D format.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-15 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' confirms December 25 release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Nov/16/mohanlals-barroz-confirms-december-25-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125192617/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Nov/16/mohanlals-barroz-confirms-december-25-release |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhila Menon |date=2024-08-30 |title=Barroz to have an IMAX version; Mohanlal drops major updates |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-to-have-an-imax-version-mohanlal-drops-major-updates/764bfeb14315 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125192611/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/barroz-to-have-an-imax-version-mohanlal-drops-major-updates/764bfeb14315 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref> Apart from its original Malayalam version, the film would be dubbed and released in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi and English languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=7 South movies releasing in December 2024: Pushpa 2, Mohanlal's Barroz to Nithiin's Robinhood |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/7-south-movies-releasing-in-december-2024-pushpa-2-mohanlals-barroz-to-nithiins-robinhood-1358973 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120033139/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/7-south-movies-releasing-in-december-2024-pushpa-2-mohanlals-barroz-to-nithiins-robinhood-1358973 |archive-date=2024-11-20 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>

Initially, in September 2022, Mohanlal stated that the film is planned for a theatrical release within March 2023.<ref name="MM" /> But during the same period as the tentative release month, production designer Santhosh Raman told a media outlet that the makers are eyeing for an [[Onam]] release, but no official announcement followed.<ref>{{cite news|author=ETimes.in|title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' planning to release on THIS date!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-planning-to-release-on-this-date-read-more/articleshow/98424400.cms|access-date=28 June 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 March 2023|archive-date=20 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320193459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-planning-to-release-on-this-date-read-more/articleshow/98424400.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2023, it was reported that the film would be released on 21 December 2023, coinciding with the Christmas weekend.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-20 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' to hit the big screens on December 21 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-december-21/articleshow/102869932.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823220210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-december-21/articleshow/102869932.cms |archive-date=2023-08-23 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Those plans were forfeited and Mohanlal's other film ''[[Neru (film)|Neru]]'' released on that date.<ref>{{cite web |author=Team OTTplay |date=2 November 2023 |title=Confirmed! Mohanlal's Neru will clash with Salaar and Dunki after all |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/confirmed-mohanlals-neru-will-clash-with-salaar-and-dunki-after-all/63365f2d6b198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126093001/https://www.ottplay.com/news/confirmed-mohanlals-neru-will-clash-with-salaar-and-dunki-after-all/63365f2d6b198 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |access-date=26 November 2023 |publisher=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref> In November 2023, it was officially announced that the film would be theatrically released on 28 March 2024.<ref name="TOI.2023.11.04">{{cite news|author=ETimes.in|title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' to release on March 28, 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-release-on-march-28-2024/articleshow/104969964.cms|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105024336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-to-release-on-march-28-2024/articleshow/104969964.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, due to the delay in the film's post-production, it was postponed further.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhila Menon |date=2024-02-27 |title=Barroz – Mohanlal's directorial debut gets a new release date? Here's what we know |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-mohanlals-directorial-debut-gets-a-new-release-date-heres-what-we-know/0f4dc113a7333 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424154721/https://www.ottplay.com/news/barroz-mohanlals-directorial-debut-gets-a-new-release-date-heres-what-we-know/0f4dc113a7333 |archive-date=2024-04-24 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

During the first quarter of 2024, it was then reported that the film would be released on May 2024 in order to avoid clashing with other Malayalam films releasing in the summer period (April–June), but that did not happen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-26 |title=Mohanlal's directorial debut 'Barroz' eyes May 9 release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-set-to-release-on-may-6/articleshow/108072545.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125185348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-set-to-release-on-may-6/amp_articleshow/108072545.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-31 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' release is likely to see a shift to May 23 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-release-likely-to-be-shifted-to-may-23/articleshow/107287773.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206120431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-barroz-release-likely-to-be-shifted-to-may-23/articleshow/107287773.cms |archive-date=2024-02-06 |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later on that May, Mohanlal officially announced that the film would be released on 12 September 2024, coinciding with the eve of Onam festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=Mohanlal's Malayalam Fantasy Drama Barroz To Release On Onam |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mohanlals-malayalam-fantasy-drama-barroz-to-release-on-onam-8881347.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517070506/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/mohanlals-malayalam-fantasy-drama-barroz-to-release-on-onam-8881347.html |archive-date=2024-05-17 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=Barroz: Mohanlal's directorial debut finally gets a release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-mohanlals-directorial-debut-finally-gets-a-release-date-9311840/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515010815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-mohanlals-directorial-debut-finally-gets-a-release-date-9311840/ |archive-date=2024-05-15 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> But, a month before its scheduled release, it was postponed to 3 October, coinciding with [[Navaratri]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-17 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' to now release during Navratri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlals-barroz-to-now-release-during-navratri-amid-legal-trouble-check-official-annoucement-2583870-2024-08-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913153114/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlals-barroz-to-now-release-during-navratri-amid-legal-trouble-check-official-annoucement-2583870-2024-08-17 |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-08-18 |title=Mohanlal's directorial debut 'Barroz' gets new release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-gets-new-release-date/article68539175.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821113927/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-gets-new-release-date/article68539175.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2024-08-21 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> before being delayed further citing incomplete post-production works.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2024-09-04 |title='Barroz' release date delayed again: Mohanlal's directorial debut pushed beyond October 3, 2024, reports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-release-date-delayed-again-mohanlals-directorial-debut-pushed-beyond-october-3-2024-reports/articleshow/113047049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125192947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/barroz-release-date-delayed-again-mohanlals-directorial-debut-pushed-beyond-october-3-2024-reports/amp_articleshow/113047049.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Its current release date was announced on 15 November, by director Fazil, who added that the release also coincided the same date as Mohanlal's debut film ''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]'' (1980) and ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]''{{'s}} (1994) release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-15 |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz' to release on same day 'Manjil Virinja Pookkal', 'Manchitrathazhu' hit theatres |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/16/mohanlal-film-barroz-manjil-virinja-pookkal-release-date-fazil-statement.amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125192332/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/16/mohanlal-film-barroz-manjil-virinja-pookkal-release-date-fazil-statement.amp.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-15 |title=Mohanlal's directorial debut 'Barroz' to release on the day he made his on-screen debut 44 years ago |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-to-release-on-the-day-he-made-his-on-screen-debut-44-years-ago/article68871847.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125192431/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-to-release-on-the-day-he-made-his-on-screen-debut-44-years-ago/article68871847.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The film's Hindi-dubbed version will be released two days after the original version, on 27 December, as the initial release clashed with [[Baby John (film)|''Baby John'']].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Barroz trailer launch: Mohanlal BREAKS silence on Akshay Kumar-starrer remakes of his classics; also says "Akshay is a 100% professional actor. I am not that professional" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/barroz-trailer-launch-mohanlal-breaks-silence-akshay-kumar-starrer-remakes-classics-also-says-akshay-100-professional-actor-not-professional/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211181545/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/barroz-trailer-launch-mohanlal-breaks-silence-akshay-kumar-starrer-remakes-classics-also-says-akshay-100-professional-actor-not-professional/ |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
The film would be distributed across India by Aashirvad Release, whereas overseas distribution will be handled by Phars Film and Aashirvad Cinemas Co. LLP.<ref name=":4" /> The film's Hindi-dubbed version would be distributed by [[Pen Studios]] and Pen Marudhar Entertainment.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> The Tamil-dubbed version will be distributed by MSM Movie Traders,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1868260351776821445 |user=aashirvadcine |title=Get ready to enter a world of wonder! The official trailer of #Barroz3D is now live in Tamil! Thrilled to bring this enchanting adventure to Tamil audiences, distributed by #MSMMovieTraders. Mark your calendars for a magical cinematic experience, coming to theaters near you on December 25! |author=Aashirvad Cinemas |author-link=Aashirvad Cinemas |date=2024-12-15 |access-date=2024-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b09pMFMNuLI |title=Barroz 3D - Guardian of Treasures (Tamil) {{!}} A Virtual 3D Trailer {{!}} Mohanlal {{!}} Antony Perumbavoor |date=2024-12-15 |last= |publisher=Sony Music South |access-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215123820/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b09pMFMNuLI |archive-date=2024-12-15 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref> while [[Mythri Movie Makers]] handled the acquisition for the distribution rights in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRC5V5ANaag |title=Barroz 3D - Guardian of Treasures (Telugu) {{!}} A Virtual 3D Trailer {{!}} Mohanlal {{!}} Antony Perumbavoor |date=2024-12-16 |last= |publisher=Sony Music South |access-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216113618/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRC5V5ANaag |archive-date=2024-12-16 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1868605718821220464 |user=MythriRelease |title=Meet the guardian of the treasures in a fantasy adventure that will thrill you 💥💥#Barroz3D Telugu Trailer out now 🤩 ▶️ Grand release worldwide on December 25th. #Barroz Telugu release by @MythriRelease❤‍🔥 |author=Mythri Movie Distributors LLP |author-link=Mythri Movie Makers |date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16}}</ref> and [[PVR Inox Pictures|PVR INOX Pictures]] would distribute the film across Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azuvEV98s7w |title=Celebrating India's Next Big Global 3D Film Barroz {{!}} Trailer Out Now in Kannada |date=2024-12-16 |last= |publisher=PVRINOX Pictures |access-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216182800/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azuvEV98s7w |archive-date=2024-12-16 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's digital distribution rights are acquired by [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and started streaming from 22 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=Mohanlal's directorial debut 'Barroz' locks OTT release date; here's where to watch |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/01/20/barroz-ott-release-date-mohanlal-disney-hotstar.html|access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==Box office==
The film grossed 6.55 crore in the opening day worldwide with ₹3.50 crore from Kerala.<ref name="opening" /> The film had a gross of ₹9.3 crore in 6 days from Kerala.<ref name="gross" /> It concluded its run with worldwide gross estimated to be ₹30 crore emerging as a [[box office disaster]].

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' praised the performances of the lead actors, the computer graphics and cinematography, but felt the music was underutilized, and wrote that "Despite some of the flaws, ''Barroz'' is a welcome change at the theatres, which is currently ruled by action and violence-heavy movies."<ref name=":10">{{cite news |title=Mohanlal's 'Barroz': A monumental work that exceeds expectations |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2024/12/25/mohanlal-directorial-debut-barroz-guardian-of-treasures-movie-review.html |work=www.onmanorama.com |date=25 December 2024}}</ref> Sia Viju of ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' wrote, "Mohanlal's bold foray into 3D filmmaking is a welcome departure from the traditional Malayalam cinema. By incorporating cutting-edge technology, he has managed to create a cinematic experience that rivals international productions in terms of scale and ambition."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz Review: Mohanlal's directorial debut shines with visual grandeur and fantasy |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/review/mohanlal-directorial-debut-malayalam-movie-barroz-review-1.10196746 |work=English.Mathrubhumi |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Rohit Panikker of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "Temper your expectations and viewing the film as what it is intended to be - a light-hearted children's film that seeks to entertain family audiences at a time when blood, gore, and gunfights are ruling the screen - makes this a completely enjoyable watch sans its weary runtime and flat, predictable storyline."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz 3D Review: A Commendable Attempt Let Down By Weak Writing, Excess Runtime |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/barroz-3d-review-a-commendable-attempt-let-down-by-weak-writing-excess-runtime-review-116654917/amp |work=Times Now |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Arjun Ramachandran of ''The South First'' gave it three out of five stars and noted that "The first half of ''Barroz'' has a slow pace, but the second half picks up momentum with action sequences and other elements."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Arjun |title=Barroz review: Mohanlal impresses in his debut directorial which is a visual wonder |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/barroz-movie-review/ |work=The South First |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "The 3D effects look awesome. However, this visual brilliance motion is marred by the snail-paced screenplay and lacklustre story, which turn out to be the biggest drawbacks of ''Barroz 3D''."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz 3D movie review: Mohanlal's Christmas release is a visual spectacle but marred by lacklustre story |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/barroz-3d-movie-review-mohanlals-christmas-release-is-a-visual-spectacle-but-marred-by-lacklustre-story-13847391.html/amp |work=Firstpost |date=25 December 2024 |language=en-us}}</ref> Vivek Santhosh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave it two out of five stars and wrote, "Fantasy films for children are a rarity in Malayalam cinema, and Mohanlal deserves credit for attempting to fill this gap. Yet, ''Barroz'' is a reminder that ambition alone cannot make up for weak execution. The film dreams of being a priceless treasure, but in the end, it's little more than a shiny trinket, polished just enough to catch the light but not enough to hold our attention."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santhosh |first1=Vivek |title='Barroz' movie review: A treasure trove of missed opportunities |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Dec/25/barroz-movie-review-a-treasure-trove-of-missed-opportunities |work=The New Indian Express |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Janani K. of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it two out of five stars and wrote, "While the film is strong on the technical front, the story isn't captivating enough. The story is slow-paced and there's hardly anything happening to be stretched over two and a half hours."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz 3D review: Mohanlal's directorial debut lacks finesse |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/barroz-3d-movie-review-mohanlal-directorial-debut-boring-story-2655168-2024-12-25 |work=India Today |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Ajay U. K. of ''[[The News Minute]]'' noted that "The ambition of Mohanlal's Barroz is appreciable, but it felt too forced in a film that came with high expectations."<ref>{{cite news |last1=K |first1=Ajay U. |title=Barroz review: A 3D film that has an extremely one-dimensional treatment |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/barroz-review-a-3d-film-that-has-an-extremely-one-dimensional-treatment |work=The News Minute |date=26 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote, "Visually impressive but narratively weak, Barroz 3D is a mixed bag. Those who enjoy grand visuals and Mohanlal's performances may appreciate the effort, but a stronger script would have elevated the film to greater heights. Proceed with tempered expectations."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz 3D Movie Review: A Visual Treat for Mohanlal Fans, Mixed for Others |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/barroz-3d-movie-review-a-visual-treat-for-mohanlal-fans-mixed-for-others-932520 |work=The Hans India |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' criticized the film for its failure to invest in emotional arcs, convoluted plot, and over-reliance on exposition, with the reviewer also criticizing the performances of the foreign actors, and noting that the film's prioritization of technology over storytelling makes it a disappointing experience that echoes ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' (2014) rather than the classic ''[[My Dear Kuttichathan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Barroz' Movie Review: Mohanlal's 3D-Obsessed Children's Film Has Adult-Sized Issues |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/barroz-movie-review-mohanlals-3d-obsessed-childrens-film-has-adult-sized-issues |work=The Hollywood Reporter India |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[News18]]'' wrote, "Director Mohanlal seems to be the problem with Barroz, which could have been the entertaining feel-good fantasy film it strives to be. He fails to execute this promising idea and has come up with a film where scenes are disjoint and lifeless."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz Review: Mohanlal's Directorial Debut Is A Visual Splendor But Falls Short on Execution |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/barroz-review-mohanlals-directorial-debut-is-a-visual-splendor-but-falls-short-on-execution-9168345.html |work=News18 |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Billed as a children's film, ''Barroz'' severely lacks in the storytelling department, which is too sluggish to engage any child. What might interest them are some of the decently pulled-off 3D sequences and visual effects which serve as little patches on an otherwise broken piece."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Praveen |first1=S. R. |title=Barroz movie review: Mohanlal's passion project ends up as a lost opportunity |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barroz-movie-review-mohanlals-passion-project-ends-up-as-a-lost-opportunity/article69026045.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=25 December 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave it one out of five stars and wrote, "While the Mohanlal directorial might captivate infants who are just beginning to distinguish shapes and objects, expecting older children to be similarly enthralled by what ''Barroz'' has offered is unrealistic."<ref>{{cite news |title=Barroz movie review: Can't blame the kids if they feel offended by Mohanlal's film for children |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/barroz-movie-review-cant-blame-the-kids-if-they-feel-offended-by-mohanlal-film-for-children-9743298/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' gave it one out of five stars and wrote, "''Barroz'' has actors from India and abroad, everyone doing their best to irritate us with their jarringly terrible performances and dubbing, especially lead actor Maya Rao West."<ref>{{cite news |title='Barroz' review: Mohanlal's directorial debut is a damp squib- The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2024/12/25/barroz-review-mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-is-an-atrocious-cringe-a-minute-trainwreck.amp.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=25 December 2024 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226083211/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2024/12/25/barroz-review-mohanlal-s-directorial-debut-is-an-atrocious-cringe-a-minute-trainwreck.amp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Winner(s)
!Ref
|-
|rowspan="5"| 2024
| rowspan="2" |[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|48th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|Best Costume Design
|Jyothi Madanani
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/entertainment/latest/2025/04/15/mohanlals-directorial-debut-barroz-wins-two-critics-awards-despite-box-office-failure.html|title=തിയറ്ററില്‍ കൈവിട്ടു, ഇന്ന് രണ്ട് ക്രിട്ടിക്‌സ് അവാര്‍ഡ്, തിളങ്ങി 'ബറോസ്'|website=Mathrubhumi News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-15 |title=അന്ന് തിയേറ്ററിൽ ആളെ കൂട്ടാനായില്ല, ഇന്ന് രണ്ട് പുരസ്‌കാര നേട്ടങ്ങൾ;ഫിലിം ക്രിട്ടിക്സ് അവാർഡിൽ തിളങ്ങി ബറോസ് |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/15/barroz-won-two-awards-at-kerala-critics-awards%20 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Reporter TV |language=ml }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
|-
|Best Makeup-Man
|Gurpreeth Kaur Bhoopalan Murali
|-
|[[Kalabhavan Mani|Kalabhavan Mani Memorial Awards]]
| Best Debutant Director
|[[Mohanlal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southlive.in/movie/film-news/mohanlal-wins-kalabhavan-mani-memorial-award-for-best-debut-director#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17474666917826&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southlive.in%2Fmovie%2Ffilm-news%2Fmohanlal-wins-kalabhavan-mani-memorial-award-for-best-debut-director|title=മികച്ച നവാഗത സംവിധായകന്‍ മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍; കലാഭവന്‍ മണി മെമ്മോറിയല്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം|website=SouthLive}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[55th Kerala State Film Awards]]
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist|Best Dubbing Artist - Female]]
|[[Sayanora Philip]]
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-state-film-awards-2025-winners-full-list-of-55th-kerala-film-awards-malayalam-best-actor-actress-director-film-10343320/|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2025 winners list: Mammootty and Shamla Hamza win top acting honours; Manjummel Boys bags Best Film award|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist|Best Dubbing Artist - Male]]
|Bhasi Vaikom
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt10345546}}
* [https://www.navodayastudio.com/film-barroz-proposed-english-version ''Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure''] by [[Jijo Punnoose]] at [[Navodaya Studio]]

{{Mohanlal}}
{{Aashirvad Cinemas}}
[[Category:Indian children's fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian IMAX films]]
[[Category:2024 3D films]]
[[Category:Films about undead]]
[[Category:Films about fairies]]
[[Category:Films set in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Films about treasure hunting]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films about Voodoo]]
[[Category:Films about witchcraft]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Aashirvad Cinemas films]]
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Vasco da Gama]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films shot in Portugal]]

Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2021

2026-04-01T23:21:29Z

Ilushikpub: page

{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards ceremony}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 45
| award = Kerala Film Critics Association Awards
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| presented_date =
| site =
| host =
| organizer = Kerala Film Critics Association
| website =
| best_film =
| most_wins =
| most_nominations =
| best_critic =
| network =
| last = 44
| next = [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2023|46]]
}}
The '''45th [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]''', honouring the best [[Malayalam films]] released in 2021, were announced in October 2022.<ref name="2021 award">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/oct/19/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-dulquer-salmaan-durga-krishna-win-big-35801.html |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards announced, Dulquer Salmaan, Durga Krishna win big |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/oct/19/kerala-film-critics-award-2021-avaasavyuham-bagsbest-film-award-dulquer-best-actor-2509860.html |title=Kerala Film Critics Award 2021: 'Avaasavyuham' bags best film award, Dulquer best actor |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kerala-film-critics-award-dulquer-salmaan-and-durga-krishna-receive-top-honours-aavasavyuham-wins-the-best-film/articleshow/94987003.cms |title=Kerala Film Critics Award: Dulquer Salmaan and Durga Krishna receive top honours, 'Aavasavyuham' wins the best film |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 October 2022 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>

==Winners==
=== Main Awards ===
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]]: ''[[Aavasavyuham]]'' ([[Krishand RK|Krishand]])
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]: [[Dulquer Salmaan]] - ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'', ''[[Salute (2022 Indian film)|Salute]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]: [[Durga Krishna]] - ''[[Udal (film)|Udal]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Director|Best Director]]: [[Martin Prakkat]] - ''[[Nayattu (2021 film)|Nayattu]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]: ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' ([[Basil Joseph]])
*Second Best Actor: [[Unni Mukundan]] - ''[[Meppadiyan]]''
*Second Best Actress: [[Manju Pillai]] - ''[[Home (2021 film)|Home]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]: [[Jeethu Joseph]] - ''[[Drishyam 2]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]: [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]] - ''[[Hridayam (film)|Hridayam]]'', ''[[Madhuram]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]: Jayakumar K Pavithran - ''Ente Mazha''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]: [[Sooraj Santhosh]] - "Ganame" from ''[[Madhuram]]''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]: Aparna Rajeev - "Thira Thodum" from ''Thuruthu''
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]: Aslam K Purayil - ''[[Salute (2022 Indian film)|Salute]]''
*Best Film Editor: [[Prejish Prakash]] - ''[[Home (2021 film)|Home]]''
*Best Art Director: Manu Jagadh (''[[Minnal Murali]]'')
*Best Makeup Artist: Benoy Kollam (''Thuruthu'')
*Best Costume Designer: Arun Manohar (''Sabash Chandra Bose'')
*Best Popular Film: ''[[Hridayam (film)|Hridayam]]'' ([[Vineeth Sreenivasan]])
*Best Debut Directors: [[Sanu John Varghese]] (''[[Aarkkariyam]]''), Varghese Lal (''Iru''), Benoy Veloor (''Moscow Kavala''), K. S. Hariharan (''Kaalachekon''), Sujith Lal (''Randu'')

=== Special Jury Awards ===
* Special Jury Award for Direction: [[V. C. Abhilash]] (''Sabash Chandra Bose'')
* Special Jury Award for Film: ''Chalachitram'' (Directed by Abdul Gafoor)
* Special Jury Award for Presentation of Anti-Drug Theme: ''College Cuties'' (Directed by A. K. B. Kumar)
* Special Jury Award for Production: Shanta Murali (''[[Sara's]]''), Mathew Mambra (''[[Cheraathukal]]'')
* Special Jury Award for Acting: [[Bheeman Raghu]] (''Kaalachekon''), [[Priyanka Nair]] (''Aa Mukham''), [[Kalabhavan Rahman]] (''Randu''), [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]] (''Randu, Red River''), [[Shruti Ramachandran]] (''[[Madhuram]]''), Ratheesh Ravi (''Dharani''), Anoop Khalid (''Six Hours'')
* Special Jury Award for Lyrics: Lekha B. Kumar (''College Cuties'')
* Special Jury Award for Female Playback Singer: P. K. Medini (''Thee'')
* Special Jury Award for Cinematography: Unni Madavoor (''Holy Wound'')
* Special Jury Award for Presentation of Diverse Subjects: ''Dharani'' (Directed by Srivallabhan), ''Holy Wound'' (Directed by Ashok R Nath) and ''Aa Mukham'' (Directed by Abhilash Purushothaman)

=== Honorary Awards ===
* [[Chalachitra Ratnam Award]]: [[Joshiy]]
* [[Ruby Jubilee Award]]: [[Suresh Gopi]]
* [[Chalachitra Prathibha Award]]: [[Revathi]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Babu Namboothiri]], [[Kochu Preman]]

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

==External links==
* [https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html "List of recipients of the Kerala Film Critics Association Awards"] (in Malayalam)
* [https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2022/10/2021.html "Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2021: Official press release"] (in Malayalam)

{{Kerala Film Critics Association Awards}}

[[Category:2021 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|2021]]

Handjob

2026-03-26T00:38:17Z

Ilushikpub: cleanup section per standard format to improve readability

{{Short description|Manual stimulation of a penis by a sex partner}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}

[[File:PeterJohannNepomukGeigerEroticWatercolor04.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Peter Johann Nepomuk Geiger|Johann Nepomuk Geiger]], [[erotic art|erotic]] [[watercolor]], 1840. A woman giving a man a handjob.]]
A '''handjob''' (also spelled '''hand job''') is a [[Non-penetrative sex#Manual sex|manual sex]] act involving a person stimulating the [[Human penis|penis]] or [[scrotum]] of another by using the [[hand]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Handjob|publisher=[[Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary]]|access-date=September 20, 2020|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/handjob}}</ref> This is done to induce an [[erection]] for sexual pleasure, [[sexual arousal]] and may result in [[orgasm]] and [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Crooks |first1=Robert L. |last2=Baur |first2=Karla |last3=Widman |first3= Laura| title = Our Sexuality | publisher = Cengage Learning|year = 2020|page=229|access-date = September 14, 2023 |isbn= 978-0-35703-839-0 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=csOtDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9Cmanual+stimulation%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%9Cour+sexuality%E2%80%9D+2016&pg=PT262}}</ref>

A handjob can be performed as either [[foreplay]] or as [[non-penetrative sex]]. It is analogous to [[Fingering (sexual act)|fingering]] (manual stimulation of the [[vulva]] or [[vagina]]).
Someone may give a handjob so as not to engage in [[Sexual penetration|penetrative sexual activity]]. Besides avoiding the risks associated with sexual penetration, such as [[sexually transmitted infection]]s (STIs) or pregnancy from [[Sexual intercourse|penile-vaginal sex]], some people engage in non-penetrative sex to preserve [[virginity]].<ref name="Intimate">{{Cite book|author1=Bryan Strong |author2=Christine DeVault |author3=Theodore F. Cohen |title=The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationship in a Changing Society| publisher = [[Cengage Learning]]|year = 2010|access-date=October 8, 2011 |page = 186| isbn = 978-0-534-62425-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjvoSOMB5JMC&pg=PA186|quote=Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' [...] Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins' [...] Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation).}}</ref>

==Practice==
===General===
The main aspect of a handjob is manual stimulation of the penis by stroking with the hand, rubbing with the fingers, or some combination.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sussman |first=Ellen |title = Dirty Words: A Literary Encyclopedia of Sex | publisher = Bloomsbury USA |year = 2008|page=129| access-date = September 14, 2023 |isbn= 978-1-59691-474-2 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=5mESAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> One common technique is to move the hand (or both hands) up and down on the [[Body of penis|shaft]], [[Glans penis|glans]], and [[Penile frenulum|frenulum]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carroll |first1=Janell L. |title = Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity | publisher = Cengage Learning|year = 2015|page=243| access-date = September 13, 2023 |isbn=978-0-495-60274-3|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cy9-BAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Soble |first=Alan |title = The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings | publisher = Rowman and Littlefield Publishers|year = 2022|access-date = September 13, 2023 |page=73|isbn= 978-1-53815-538-7 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=qFlZEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9Chand+job%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%9Cboth+hands%E2%80%9D&pg=PA73}}</ref> The movements and speed of the action may vary. [[Personal lubricant]]s are often used.<ref>{{cite book | last =Haberman | first =Hardy | authorlink = Hardy Haberman| title = Family Jewels: A Guide to Male Genital Play and Torment | publisher =[[Greenery Press]] | series = | volume = | edition = | date = 2001| location = | pages =6 | language = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m2mfpu5AZzgC&q=handjob+personal+lubricant| doi = | id = | isbn = 9781890159344| quote=Using water-based personal lube is a wonderful adjunct to almost any genital sex, and particularly for handjobs and masturbation.}}</ref>

Others may also use their hands and fingers to stimulate the scrotum by rubbing, stroking, pulling, or even manipulating the [[testicles]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hedley |first=Sarah |title = 7 Days To Amazing Sex: Revolutionise Your Life And Feel Sexy Now | publisher = Little, Brown Book Group|year = 2010|access-date = September 13, 2023 |isbn= 978-0-74811-424-5 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=pws5AgAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9Chand+job%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%9Ctesticles%E2%80%9D&pg=PT59}}</ref>

==Prevalence in massage parlors==
{{See also|Erotic massage}}
In some [[massage parlor]]s, a [[masseuse]], whether as part of the massage itself or directly after it, may perform a handjob on their customer. This is sometimes known by the euphemism "happy ending".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Feifer|first1=Jason|title=I Booked a Massage at a High-End Resort and Got a Surprise Happy Ending|url=http://www.maxim.com/maxim-man/massage-happy-ending-sex-life-2015-10|access-date=December 18, 2016|work=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]|date=October 6, 2015|archive-date=August 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827013422/https://www.maxim.com/maxim-man/massage-happy-ending-sex-life-2015-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=What It's Really Like To Get a Happy Ending Massage|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a49624/whats-it-like-to-get-a-happy-ending-massage/|access-date=December 18, 2016|work=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|date=November 20, 2015}}</ref>

An investigation by ''[[Time Out New York]]'' in January 2011 found many [[New York City]] massage parlors advertising "sensual massage" and providing handjobs. The parlors charged from $60 to $160, with an extra tip for the [[sex worker]]s (usually $40) for a massage and manual "happy ending". Most of the massage parlors reviewed were "rub and tug joints" where handjobs were the only [[sexual services]] provided, and there was a strict policy of the male clients not touching the workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.timeout.com/sex-dating/42097/best-happy-ending-parlors |title=Best happy-ending parlors |publisher=Time Out New York |date=January 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705081130/http://newyork.timeout.com/sex-dating/42097/best-happy-ending-parlors |archive-date=July 5, 2011 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Human sexuality}}
*[[Fellatio]]
*[[Footjob]]
*[[Hand fetishism]]
*[[Masturbation#Manual stimulation|Jerking off/wanking]] – manual stimulation of one's own penis as a form of masturbation

==References==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Handjob.ogg|date=2006-05-09}}
{{Commons category|Handjob}}

{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Carroll|first=Janell L.|title=Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_a5EDwAAQBAJ|date=1 January 2018|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-337-40499-0|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_a5EDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA285 247], [https://books.google.com/books?id=_a5EDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA287 249]}} 
* {{cite book|last1=Crooks|first1=Robert L.|last2=Baur|first2=Karla|title=Our Sexuality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isIaCgAAQBAJ&q=%22manual+stimulation%22|date=1 January 2016|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-88742-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Barker|first=Meg John|title=The Psychology of Sex|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ui1NDwAAQBAJ|date=9 April 2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-19704-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bruess|first1=Clint E.|last2=Schroeder|first2=Elizabeth|title=Sexuality Education Theory And Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWFW6-kkAVoC&pg=PA151|access-date=19 September 2020|date=30 May 2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-4928-9|pages=151, 301|quote=manual masturbation...often called a 'hand job' when performed on a penis}}
* {{cite book | last=Carpenter | first=Laura | title=Virginity Lost | publisher=NYU Press | publication-place=New York | date=2005 | isbn=978-0-8147-1652-6}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070420095745/http://www.nvsh.nl/skills/greatsex.htm "Great sex without intercourse"], [[NVSH]] (contains graphics of sexual acts)
{{Refend}}

{{Sex}}
{{Human sexuality}}
{{Sexpositions}}

[[Category:Sexual acts]]
[[Category:Erotic massage]]
[[Category:Human penis]]
[[Category:Non-penetrative sex]]
[[Category:Manual sex]]

Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur

2026-03-25T10:36:38Z

Ilushikpub: starting basic bio w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian reproductive biologist (born 1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1947|7|17}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Reproductive biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Karnatak University]] | [[National Institute for Basic Biology]] | [[Ruhr University Bochum]] | [[University of Würzburg]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Karnatak University]] | [[University of Kansas]] | [[University of Mainz]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Comparative endocrinology]] of [[amphibians]] Reproductive biology of the [[vertebrates]]
| awards = 1991 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]]
}}

'''Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur''' (born 17 July 1947) is an Indian reproductive biologist, academic and a former vice chancellor of [[Karnatak University]].<ref name="Dr S K Saidapur to be new VC of Karnatak University">{{cite web | url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/10/24/dr-s-k-saidapur-to-be-new-vc-of-karnatak-university-1161744503.html | title=Dr S K Saidapur to be new VC of Karnatak University | publisher=One India | date=25 October 2006 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> He is known for his studies on comparative endocrinology of amphibians and the reproductive biology of the [[vertebrates]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=26 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> and is an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] and [[The World Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Indian Fellow - Saidapur">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N94-1160 | title=Indian Fellow - Saidapur | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1991, for his contributions to biological sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Srinivas Saidapur, born on 17 July 1947 in the [[South Indian]] state of [[Karnataka]], did all his college education, except the post-doctoral studies, at [[Karnatak University]] from where he secured his graduate, master's and doctoral degrees.<ref name="Indian Fellow - Saidapur" /> After completing his master's degree, he joined the university as a lecturer of zoology in 1972 and spent his entire academic career there, superannuating in 2010. In between, he obtained his PhD in 1974 and did his post-doctoral studies at [[University of Kansas Hospital]] during 1976–79 and on an [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation|Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship]], he did research at [[University of Mainz]] during 1989–90. At Karnatak University, he served as a professor from 1988 till he was appointed as the vice chancellor of the university in 2006, a post he held till 2010.<ref name="Former VCs">{{cite web | url=http://www.kud.ac.in/content.aspx?module=about&page=about | title=Former VCs | publisher=Karnatak University | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> He also served as a visiting scientist at the [[National Institute for Basic Biology, Japan]] and had two short stints in Germany at [[Ruhr University Bochum]] in 1995 and [[University of Würzburg]] in 2004 as an INSA-DFG Exchange Program fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] and [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] (DFG).<ref name="Indian Fellow - Saidapur" />

Focusing his researches on [[comparative endocrinology]] of amphibians, Saidapur explained the different types of reproductive processes followed by the tropical [[List of Anuran families|anurans]] and their control mechanisms.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | accessdate=5 October 2016 | pages=35}}</ref> His studies are reported to have widened the understanding of the reproductive biology of the [[vertebrates]] and concentrating his researches on [[Indian Bullfrog]], he proposed [[gametogenesis]] methodologies for producing frogs of predetermined sex.<ref name="Indian Fellow - Saidapur" /> His studies also covered the [[behavioral ecology]] of anuran [[tadpoles]] and [[Agama (lizard)|agamid lizards]] with regard to their [[foraging]] techniques, food identification, [[Kin recognition|kin detection]] and predator-prey relationships and he developed new ways for the [[captive breeding]] of reptiles. On the academic front, it was under his leadership Karnatak University introduced new academic courses on [[molecular biology]], [[animal behavior]] and [[evolutionary biology]]. He is a former member of the INSA council and served as its vice president during 2012–14.<ref name="Recent Past Vice-presidents">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/recent_past_office_bearers.php | title=Recent Past Vice-presidents | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> He has also published several articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see Selected bibliography section}} and has mentored 13 scholars in their doctoral researches.<ref name="Indian Fellow - Saidapur" />

== Awards and honors ==
The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded Saidapur the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1991. Two years later, the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] elected him as a fellow<ref name="Fellow profile - Saidapur">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Saidapur,_Prof._Srinivas_Kishanrao | title=Fellow profile - Saidapur | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Science Academy]] followed suit, a year later. He received the fellowships of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]<ref name="NASI fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S | title=NASI fellows | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> and [[The World Academy of Sciences]] in 2009 and 2010 respectively.<ref name="TWAS fellows">{{cite web | url=http://twas.org/member/saidapur-srinivas-k | title=TWAS fellows | publisher=The World Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> He has also delivered many award orations which included the 2007 Professor MRN Prasad Memorial Lecture and 2010 Professor Har Swarup Memorial Lecture.<ref name="Endowment lectures">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/aa3.php | title=Endowment lectures | publisher=INSA | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* Madgiri, Pancharatna and Saidapur, Srinivas Kishanrao. (1985). Effects of homoplastic pituitary pars dista1is homogenate (PDH), PMSG, HCG, GH, and estradiol-17B on the ovarian maintenance in the hypophysectomized frog, Rana cyanoph1yctis (Schn.). Zool. Anz., Jena 215:1/2, 109–120.
* {{cite journal | jstor=1564070| title=Variations in the Fat Body Mass in the Male Frog, Rana cyanophlyctis | author=Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur, Ravishankar Dundappa Kanamadi and Narayan Ummanna Bhuttewadkar | journal=Journal of Herpetology | date=December 1989 | volume=23 | issue=4 | pages=461–463 | doi=10.2307/1564070}}
* {{cite journal | jstor=1564779| title=Effect of Sublethal Concentration of Mercuric Chloride on the Ovary of the Frog Rana cyanophlyctis | author=Ravishankar Dundappa Kanamadi and Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur | journal=Journal of Herpetology | date=December 1991 | volume=25 | issue=4 | pages=494–497 | doi=10.2307/1564779}}
* {{cite journal | jstor=1565130| title=Effects of Exposure to Sublethal Mercuric Chloride on the Testis and Fat Body of the Frog Rana cyanophlyctis | author=Ravishankar Dundappa Kanamadi and Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur | journal=Journal of Herpetology | date=December 1992 | volume=26 | issue=4 | pages=499–501 | doi=10.2307/1565130}}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Comparative endocrinology]]
* [[Gametogenesis]]
* [[Behavioral ecology]]
* [[Foraging]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book | url=http://zooreach.org/Networks/Amphibian/Adirectory%202000.pdf | title=Amphibian Field Researchers in South Asia - Directory | publisher=Zoo Outreach Organization | author=Sanjay Molur | authorlink=Srinvas Krishnarao Saidapur | date=December 1999 | pages=63 of 81}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saidapur, Srinivas Kishanra}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Karnatak University]]
[[Category:University of Kansas alumni]]
[[Category:Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz alumni]]
[[Category:Ruhr University Bochum]]
[[Category:University of Würzburg]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Subramanian Bhupathy

2026-03-23T15:59:02Z

Ilushikpub: starting new data v1

{{Short description|Indian herpetologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
'''Subramanian Bhupathy''' (also spelled as '''Subramaniam Bhupathy''') (17 July 1962 [[Nayaganaipiriyal]], Tamil Nadu, India – 28 April 2014 [[Agastya Malai]] Hills, Kerala, India) was an Indian [[herpetologist]], [[wildlife biologist]] and [[researcher]]. He was a principal scientist at the [[Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History|Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History]] (SACON). He headed a three-year study on the patterns of distribution of selected faunal groups on the [[Agasthyamalai Hills|Agasthyamalai hills]]. He worked on [[lizard]]s, [[amphibian]]s and [[bird]]s and his contributions and works were more focused on [[reptile]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Janardhan |first1=Arun |title=The afterlife of Subramaniam Bhupathy |url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Jzd8gtHKDP3sdKkKmJA7yI/The-afterlife-of-Subramaniam-Bhupathy.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=23 September 2017}}</ref> Dr Bhupathy was noted for work on pythons and python ecology in India<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dorcas |first1=Michael E. |last2=Willson |first2=John D. |title=Invasive Pythons in the United States: Ecology of an Introduced Predator |date=2011 |page=33 |publisher=[[University of Georgia Press]]}}</ref> and Indian [[turtle]]s and [[tortoise]]s.<ref name=tftsg/>

He began his career in the mid-1980s when laboratories were not well-equipped. He held a [[PhD]] in [[zoology]] ([[ornithology]]) from [[University of Rajasthan]], Jaipur. At the age of 51, Bhupathy died after a fall while conducting [[herpetology]] field work near [[Agastya Mala|Agastya Mala hills]] on 28 April 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientist falls to death at Agasthyamalai Hills |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140430/nation-current-affairs/article/scientist-falls-death-agasthyamalai-hills |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=30 April 2014}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
* He was posthumously honored with the Turtle Conservation Appreciation Awards in 2015 by the Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) and [[Species Survival Commission]] (SSC), for his contributions to the Conservation and Biology of Indian Chelonians.<ref name=tftsg>{{cite web |title=Posthumous Turtle Conservation Appreciation Awards |url=https://iucn-tftsg.org/posthumous-turtle-conservation-appreciation-awards/ |website=iucn-tftsg.org}}</ref>
* The species ''[[Nasikabatrachus bhupathi]]'', a frog discovered in 2017 in the [[Western Ghats]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bittel |first1=Jason |title=New Purple Pig-Nose Frog Found in Remote Mountains |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/purple-frog-new-species-discovery-india-monsoon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306141433/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/purple-frog-new-species-discovery-india-monsoon |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2021 |publisher=[[National Geographic]] |date=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leap to life |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2017/dec/09/leap-to-life-1721512.html |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=9 December 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Uropeltis bhupathyi]]'', a snake discovered in 2018 in [[Tamil Nadu]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Vignesh |title=The life that we discovered |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/life-we-discovered-711434.html |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=4 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Jigu |title=Scientists discover a new species of shieldtail snake in the Western Ghats |url=https://researchmatters.in/news/scientists-discover-new-species-shieldtail-snake-western-ghats |date=11 May 2018}}</ref> were named in his honor.
*Bufoides Bhupathyi, a toad species found in Dampa Tiger reserve is also named after him.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.currentscience.ac.in/show.author.php?id=4744 Articles written by Bhupathy Subramanian] at ''[[Current Science]]''

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhupathy, Subramanian}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Nature conservation in India]]
[[Category:Indian herpetologists]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths from falls in India]]

BP 180

2026-03-20T23:37:01Z

Ilushikpub: Started New Entry W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian Tamil-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = BP 180
| image = BP 180 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = JP
| writer = JP
| producer = Atul M Bosamiya Pratik D Chhatbar
| starring = [[Tanya Ravichandran]] [[Daniel Balaji]] [[K. Bhagyaraj]]
| cinematography = Ramalingam
| editing = Elayaraja Sekar
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| studio = Radiant International Films Atul India Movies
| distributor = [[S. Hari Uthraa|Uthraa Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|11|28|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''BP 180''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] film directed by JP and produced by Atul M Bosamiya and Pratik D Chhatbar. The film stars [[Tanya Ravichandran]], [[Daniel Balaji]] and [[K. Bhagyaraj]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2024-11-09 |title=மறைந்த நடிகர் டேனியல் பாலாஜியின் கடைசி திரைப்படம்.. 'BP 180' பர்ஸ்ட் லுக் வெளியீடு {{!}} Late actor Daniel Balaji's last film.. 'BP 180' first look released |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/late-actor-daniel-balajis-last-film-bp-180-first-look-released-746191 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>
This is the last movie for [[Daniel Balaji]].
== Synopsis ==
Dr Thangam faces a moral challenge as she navigates a deadly world of crime and medical danger while trying to restore humanity in a ruthless gangster.

== Cast ==

* [[Tanya Ravichandran]] as Dr. Thangam
* [[Daniel Balaji]] as Arnold
* [[K. Bhagyaraj]] as Lingam
* [[Aruldoss]] as Maari
* [[Ravi Prakash]] as Chandru
* Tamizh as Anbazhagan
* Abinaya N as a dancer in the song "Ulla Vaa"

== Production ==
The film is written and directed by JP and produced by Atul M Bosamiya and Pratik D Chhatbar under the banner Radiant International Films & Atul India Movies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BP 180: Daniel Balaji and Tanya Ravichandran’s new film poster out |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bp-180-daniel-balaji-and-tanya-ravichandrans-new-film-poster-out/a1d752c8ac557 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> The cinematography is handled by Ramalingam, editing by Elayaraja Sekar, and music composed by [[Ghibran Vaibodha]]. The film noted actor [[Daniel Balaji]]'s last film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2024-11-09 |title=மறைந்த நடிகர் டேனியல் பாலாஜி நடித்த 'பிபி 180' திரைப்படத்தின் பர்ஸ்ட் லுக் போஸ்டர் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/daniel-balaji-and-tanya-ravichandrans-new-film-poster-out-1129780 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=தினமலர் |title=BP 180 Movie Launch & Press Meet {{!}} Bhagyaraj, Ghibran, Tanya, Daniel Balaji |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/videos/tamil-cinema-videos/bp-180-movie-launch--press-meet--bhagyaraj--ghibran--tanya--daniel-balaji/255335 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=www.dinamalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The film manages to engage you intermittently, enough to wonder if it'll deliver. Arnold's obsession feels hollow, Dr. Thangam's stubbornness borders on absurd, and the plot mechanics grind forward without ever earning emotional investment."<ref>{{Cite web|title=BP 180 Movie Review: Motivations that never add up|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bp-180/movie-review/125630525.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en}}</ref> Rohini M of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Despite its flaws, ''BP 180'' is a good attempt with solid performances, strong moments, and an engaging first half."<ref>{{Cite web|title=BP 180 Movie Review: A tense ride that loses its pulse midway|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/27/bp-180-movie-review-a-tense-ride-that-loses-its-pulse-midway|website=Cinema Express|date=2025-11-27|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en|first=Rohini|last=M}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghibran Vaibodha]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Deepavali (2007 film)

2026-03-20T22:48:50Z

Ilushikpub:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Deepavali 2007 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Ezhil]]
| producer = [[N. Linguswamy]] [[N. Subash Chandrabose]]
| writer = S. Ezhil [[Shankar Dayal]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Ravi Mohan]] [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]
| language = Tamil
| cinematography = [[S. D. Vijay Milton]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| editing = [[G. Sasikumar]]
| studio = [[Thirupathi Brothers]]
| released = {{Film date|2007|02|09|df=y}}
| country = India
}}
'''''Deepavali''''' ({{translation|[[Diwali]]}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]] directed and co-written by [[S. Ezhil]] and produced by [[Thirrupathi Brothers|Thirupathi Brothers]]. The film stars [[Ravi Mohan]] (credited as Jayam Ravi) and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] in the lead roles, with [[Raghuvaran]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], and [[Cochin Haneefa]] in supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] with cinematography by [[S. D. Vijay Milton]] and editing by [[G. Sasikumar]]. The film was released on 9 February 2007 and became a success.

==Plot==
Billu is the son of Mudaliar. Mudaliar is much loved and respected by the people of his locality, and Billu is almost like a foster son to everyone there. Billu takes an instant liking for Susi the moment he sets his eyes on her at the railway station. Susi, who has arrived from Bangalore to Chennai, is all set to stay at Settu's place. Settu, who has worked for Susi's father Chidambaram, a dreaded criminal, has earlier changed ways but still respects him. Susi, who has wanted love and concern since she was young, is impressed by the bonding that the Royapuram residents share. When a godman predicts that Susi is the one for Billu, she is taken aback. She dreads her father and fears that things will go topsy-turvy if their relationship blossoms into love. Soon, she realizes she cannot hide her feelings towards Billu and enjoys being in the company of Billu and his friends, but the unexpected occurs.

Susi acts peculiar when a long-lost friend meets her at a restaurant. She denies knowing her, despite her friend Revathi's attempts to talk to her. Feeling insulted, Revathi walks away, much to the dismay and confusion of Billu and his friends. Susi, who gets emotionally high-strung, leaves the restaurant in a jiffy, too. Susi, at this juncture, reveals the truth to Billu. Affected with [[Posttraumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] after an accident, Susi has forgotten events that happened in a span of three years. Billu, who takes her to Dr. Devasaghayam, learns that this condition can be cured, but when Susi gets cured, she will not be in a position to remember what happened and who she met at Chennai, including Billu.

This greatly disheartens Susi, and she persuades Billu to promise never to leave her, even if she were to forget him due to her condition. Billu promises her that he will never leave her, come what may. Billu's conversation with Chidambaram infuriates the latter, and he immediately arrives in Chennai with his goons. When he is all set to leave for Bangalore with his daughter, the residents rise to the occasion and flock against Chidambaram. Deciding to play it safe, Chidambaram agrees to the engagement between Billu and Susi and cunningly thrashes Billu after making him arrive at a place far from his locality, at the outskirts. The helpless Susi travels along with her father, escorted by his men, to Bangalore.

When Billu meets Susi at her residence, he gets nothing less than shocked as she has been cured, and she fails to recognize him, but Billu, who had given the word to his beloved that he would never leave her, is not the one to relent. In the end, he tries relentlessly to convince her, going to the extent of bringing her to Royapuram despite her resistance. Chidambaram comes there with his men, and a fight ensues. Billu is disheartened as Chidambaram drags Susi away, as Susi gets surprised by Billu and the Royapuram residents' behavior towards her earlier. She leaves her father's hands and suddenly runs to Billu. Billu becomes elated that Susi has regained her memories, but Susi reveals that she does not remember anything but believes whatever he says about her life in Chennai. They finally reunite.

==Cast==

{{cast listing|* [[Ravi Mohan]] as Billu Mudaliar
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Susi Chidambaram
* [[Raghuvaran]] as Dr. Devasaghayam (guest appearance)
* [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] as Chidambaram, Susi's father
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Mudaliar, Billu's father
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Sait
* [[Manobala]] as Villager
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Villager
* John Amirtharaj
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Bangalore DCP Kempaiah Shetty
* [[Mahanadi Shankar]] as Soosai
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Billu's accomplice
* N. Radhakrishnan
* Ghajini Rajesh
* [[Devadarshini]] as Sumathi
* Jhanavi as Billu's mother
* [[Meenal]] as Revathy, Susi's friend
* [[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]] as Villager
* [[Robo Shankar]] as Billu's friend
* Funky Shankar [Malaysia] as Billu's friend
* [[Lollu Sabha Maaran|Maaran]] as Billu's friend
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Billu's friend
* Lollu Sabha Udayakumar as a beeda seller
* Maayi Sundar
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Fish Seller
* [[Appukutty]] as Soosai's henchman
* Kadugu Ramamoorthy
* [[Kovai Senthil]]
* [[Suseenthiran]] as Thief
}}

==Production==
''Deepavali'' was the first film to be produced by [[N. Lingusamy]] under his production company [[Thirrupathi Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2006 |title='Deepavali' in Oman! |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/14122006-3.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216092623/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/14122006-3.shtml |archive-date=16 December 2006 |access-date=24 February 2025 |website=Cinesouth |language=en}}</ref> Some scenes and songs were shot at a set resembling Royapuram, consisting of houses, petty shops, and lanes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=28 November 2006 |title=Deepavali |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/11deepavali.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214191555/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/11deepavali.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=Chennai Online |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of ''Deepavali'' was scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]. The soundtrack was released on 5 January 2007,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2007 |title=I heard stories in the womb - Lingusamy at 'Deepavali' function |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/05012007-6.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124005130/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/05012007-6.shtml |archive-date=24 January 2007 |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Cinesouth |language=en}}</ref> and was a major success upon release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2007 |title='Deepavali' background music audio soon! |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/0102007-1.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203054806/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/0102007-1.shtml |archive-date=3 February 2007 |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Cinesouth |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhol Bhaje
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra1 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length1 = 4:26
| title2 = Kadhal Vaithu
| lyrics2 = Na. Muthukumar
| extra2 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length2 = 5:08
| title3 = Kannan Varum Velai
| lyrics3 = [[Yugabharathi|Yugabarathi]]
| extra3 = [[Madhushree]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Bhavatharini]]
| length3 = 3:54
| title4 = Pogadhey Pogadhey
| lyrics4 = Na. Muthukumar
| extra4 = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| length4 = 5:30
| title5 = Thoduven
| lyrics5 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| extra5 = Maya, [[Haricharan]], Raju Krishnamoorthy
| length5 = 5:47
| total_length = 24:45 
}}

==Critical reception==
Shwetha Bhaskar of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "On the whole, park your logic at the door and enjoy Deepavali".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |first=Shwetha |date=2007-02-12 |title=Deepavali: Illogical fun |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/12ssdeep.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222001626/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/12ssdeep.htm |archive-date=22 February 2022 |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "On the whole Deepavali is a heartless love story".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-02-10 |title=Deepavali |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/deepavali-review-tamil-pclwltcfabbci.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016023229/http://www.sify.com/movies/deepavali-review-tamil-pclwltcfabbci.html |archive-date=16 October 2015 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "If there is any respite in the movie, it is the Ravi-Bhavana team who spares no effort to make their interactions lively and watchable. Otherwise 'Deepavali' is a vain attempt at re-lighting yesterday's burnt-out sparklers!".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=Feb 21, 2007 |title=Deepavali |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/002deepavali.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517103443/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/002deepavali.asp |archive-date=17 May 2007 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=Chennai Online |language=en}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of Jayam Ravi, Bhavana and other actors while also praising the comedy, cinematography, music, dialogues and art direction and director Ezhil for narrating a complex plot smoothly while calling the climax as natural.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=25 February 2007 |title=தீபாவளி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-02-25/page/64/mode/2up |access-date=16 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Ezhil}}
{{N. Lingusamy}}

[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about amnesia]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Ezhil]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Oman]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Prem Bandhan (TV series)

2026-03-18T19:26:13Z

Ilushikpub: Starting post

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Prem Bandhan.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Family]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| developer =
| writer = Dheeraj Sarna
| story = Srinita Bhoumick
| screenplay = Nikita Dhond Sambhav Khetarpal
| director = Vikram Ghai
| creative_director = Annu Kaur
| starring = {{ubl|[[Chhavi Pandey]]|[[Manit Joura]]}}
| theme_music_composer = Nawab Arzoo Binod Ghimire
| open_theme = Prem Bandhan opening theme
| composer =
| end_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 166
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| cinematography = Dinesh Singh Alamgir Shaikh
| editor = Vikas Sharma Vishal Sharma
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 22–25 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[Dangal TV|Dangal]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|30}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|06|9}}
| related = [[Koshish - Ek Aashaa]]
}}

'''''Prem Bandhan''''' ({{Translation|The Bond of Love}}) is an Indian dramatic television series which aired from 30 November 2020 to 9 June 2021 on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]].
Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] for [[Balaji Telefilms]], it stars [[Chhavi Pandey]] and [[Manit Joura]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-didnt-have-to-prepare-for-my-character-in-prem-bandhan-chhavi-pandey/articleshow/79515743.cms|title=I didn't have to prepare for my character in Prem Bandhan: Chhavi Pandey|website=The Times Of India|date=December 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-overwhelmed-with-the-appreciation-that-im-getting-for-prem-bandhan-manit-joura/articleshow/79551980.cms|title=I am overwhelmed with the appreciation that I'm getting for Prem Bandhan: Manit Joura|website=The Times Of India|date=3 December 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

=={{anchor|6 months later}}Plot==
Janki agrees to an arranged marriage at the insistence of her father. Not meeting the groom before their wedding night, she discovers that he is mentally challenged and is at an eight-year-old level. Janki realizes she has been tricked into marrying him by her in-laws, but hesitates to endanger her father's health by telling him. Harsh (her husband) is childlike, which annoys her. Despite their marriage's rocky start, however, Janki and Harsh become close.

Janki's brother learns about the situation, and wants Janki to return home. Harsh and Janki want to stay together, however, and she consults a doctor to help him. Janki becomes suspicious that someone in the family does not want Harsh to improve, despite their surface affection. Harsh receives a head injury, for which Janki is blamed.

She wants to protect Harsh from his stepmother Savita, who is responsible for his mental instability and killed his grandfather to acquire his property for herself and her children (Rajesh, Shekhar and Roohi). Janki decides to celebrate their three-month anniversary with Harsh in [[Darbhanga]], only telling Savita. They have an accident on the way, but both survive. Harsh needs a kidney transplant, and Janki donates one of her kidneys. Harsh awakens with no memory of the past five years, and does not recognize Janki. He remembers his love for Shweta (his old girlfriend), and Janki does not want to come between them at first. Advised by Rangili (a friend), she refuses to sign divorce papers sent by her father-in-law and decides to save Harsh from Shweta and Savita.

Shweta tries to kill Harsh, and Janki comes home; her father-in-law tries to stop her. Harsh keeps Shweta from slapping Janki, remembering that she saved his life. Janki has allies in Shekhar, Harsh's grandmother and his sister-in-law. Savita schemes to make it appear that Harsh had sex with Shweta to pressure him into marrying her, and his father wants them to marry.

Harsh develops feelings for Janki. On [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivratri]], Janki's name appears on a ritual invitation instead of Shweta's. Janki's in-laws ask her to leave the house, but Harsh stops her. She prepares the [[mehndi]], but Savita poisons it and Janki is blamed; her father-in-law has her arrested. Shekhar bails Janki out; she refuses to return home, and is kidnapped by a moneylender who threatens to sell her unless Savita's debt is paid.

Janki stops Harsh and Shweta's wedding; she knocks Shweta out, disguises herself and marries him. Harsh thinks she married him for money, but stops Shweta from killing her. Rajesh has false papers saying that Janki married Harsh for money, and Harsh orders Janki out; she burns the papers as she leaves.

Janki goes to the hospital where Harsh was born, and a nurse tells her about Harsh and why Savita wanted to kill him. She is attacked by Savita and Rajesh, who put her in a box and bury her.

Six months later, Harsh still loves Janki but has been forced to marry Shweta. Rajesh has mortgaged the resort to the owner of J Industries, Jaya Kapoor. They meet with Jaya, who looks like Janki; Janki was saved by Akshay, who helps her avenge Savita and Rajesh.
Savita and Rajesh realise the error of their ways, and the family reunites.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Chhavi Pandey]] as Janki Srivastava Shastri/ Jaya Kapoor: Harsh's wife; Nitin and Nisha's sister; Brij's daughter from his first marriage; Asha's stepdaughter (2020–2021)
* [[Manit Joura]] as Harsh Shastri: Janki's mentally challenged husband; Ram's son with his mistress; Savita's stepson; Rajesh's younger brother (step brother); Roohi and Shikhar's stepbrother (2020–2021)

===Recurring===
* Reyaansh Vir Chadha as Akshay Malhotra (2021)
* Ariah Agarwal as Shweta: Harsh's fiancé; appointed by Savita to ruin Janki's life (2021)
* Utkarsha Naik as Savita Shastri: Harsh's stepmother; Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's mother; Ram's wife. She caused Harsh's illness and is behind Shastri family's troubles, who is behind the family's wealth. She is greedy and ruthless. (2020–2021)
* [[Vineet Kumar Chaudhary]] as Rajesh Shastri: Ram's eldest son with Savita; Vandana's husband; Harsh's elder brother; Shikhar and Roohi's elder brother (2020–2021)
* [[Monica Khanna]] as Vandana Shastri: Rajesh's wife (2020–2021)
* Bakul Thakkar as Ram Shastri: Harsh, Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's father; Savita's husband (2020–2021)
* Saarvi Omana as Nisha Shrivastava: Janki and Nitin's sister (2020–2021)
* Madhu Bala Atri as Nurse: Cares for Harsh (2021)
* Amit Singh Thakur as Brij Mohan Srivastava: Nisha, Janki and Nitin's father (2020–2021)
* Tushar Dhembla as Nitin Srivastava: Nisha's brother; Janki's stepbrother (2020–2021)
* [[Aman Gandhi (actor)|Aman Gandhi]] as Shikhar Shastri: Harsh's younger stepbrother; Rajesh and Roohi's brother; Ram and Savita's younger son (2020–2021)
* Avantika Chaudhary as Roohi Shastri: Harsh's younger stepsister; Rajesh and Shikhar's sister; Ram and Savita's only daughter (2020–2021)
* [[Kiran Bhargava]] as Premlata Shastri: Harsh, Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's grandmother; Ram's mother (2020–2021)
* Ruma Majini as Asha Shrivastava: Janki's stepmother; Nitin and Nisha's mother (2020–2021)
* Vedant Sharan/Ankit Vyas as Ashok: Jankee's ex-fiancé (2020)
* Mohit Hiranandani as Amit (2021)
* Manoj Kumar Patel as Rangeli (2020–2021)
* Kush Sharma
* [[Krishna Kant Singh Bundela]] as Tantrik

==Production==
The series was initially entitled ''Koshish - Rishton Ki''. The initial storyline of the show is adapted from [[Zee TV]]'s 2000 drama series ''[[Koshish - Ek Aashaa]]'', which was too produced by Balaji Telefilms. The series' first trailer was released on 14 November 2020 with [[Chhavi Pandey]], a [[deepak]] in her hand. The series' first promo was released on 22 November 2020.<ref>[https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/india-promo-shoot-of-balajis-show-prem-bandhan-1394223/amp Promo shoot of Balaji Telefilms upcoming drama series 'Prem Bandhan']</ref> The series premiered on 30 November 2020 on [[Dangal TV]] and aired from Monday to Saturday at 7:30 pm. On 27 April 2021 the timeslot of the series was changed to 10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. From 28 March 2021, entire episodes of the show were streaming on [[YouTube]]. The series wrapped up its shoot in June and the last episode was broadcast on 12 June 2021.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-tv-show-prem-bandhan-to-wrap-up-on-june-12/articleshow/82855303.cms Prem Bandhan to wrap up on June 12, 2021]</ref>

===Casting===
[[Manit Joura]] was selected by producer [[Ekta Kapoor]] to play male [[protagonist]] in the series, Harsh Shastri. Joura stated, "This role is radically different from all the other shows that I have done so far. Here I need to play a character that doesn’t come easy to me, I need to work on it, so to play this character is tough!"<ref>[https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-manit-joura-gets-candid-about-prem-bandhan-and-his-role-it-has-beautiful-charm-innocence-story-586783?amp Manit Joura opens up on his role in Ekta Kapoor's new show 'Prem Bandhan']</ref>

[[Chhavi Pandey]] was cast to play the female protagonist 'Janvi Srivastava' in the show. On her role, Chhavi stated, "The character of Janvi is simple and loving girl yet strong and independent. She belongs to a middle-class family and has a lot of responsibilities of her family but never cribs about it. She can do anything to make her family happy. Her character will be very relatable to the girls in small towns!"<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/every-actor-dreams-to-work-with-ekta-kapoor-and-so-did-i-chhavi-pandey-on-being-part-of-prem-bandhan/articleshow/79706056.cms Chhavi Pandey speaks on her playing lead in Ekta Kapoor's new drama series 'Prem Bandhan']</ref>

Mohit Hiranandani was brought in to play male antagonist whereas Ariah Agarwal was cast as the [[antagonist|female antagonist]] in the show. On her role, Ariah stated,"I loved that Shweta is out and out negative. She is completely a mean girl. I was always fascinated by such roles and wanted to try playing one."

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title | id=tt13771814}}
* [https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/prem-bandhan ''Prem Bandhan''] on Dangal Play
* [http://balajitelefilms.com/television.php Production website]

{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]
[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]

Trilok Singh Chitarkar

2026-03-14T08:35:58Z

Ilushikpub: starting the bio basic info

{{short description|Indian painter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Trilok Singh Chitarkar
| image = TsaPatiala.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Trilok Singh Artist (Chitarkar) 1953
| native_name = ਤ੍ਰਿਲੋਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰ
| native_name_lang = pa
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1914|12|10}}
| birth_place = Jartauli ([[Ludhiana District]])
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1990|12|11}}
| death_place = [[Patiala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| spouse = Harbans Kaur
| field = Painting
| training =
| alma_mater =
| movement =
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| memorials = Chitralok Art Gallery, [[Patiala]]
| elected =
| website = {{URL|http://www.triloksinghartist.com/}}
| bgcolour =
| module =
}}
'''Trilok Singh Chitarkar''' (1914–1990) was an Indian painter. He style of presented himself through variety of themes - [[Sikh religion]], history, culture, folk lore, love legends, [[portraits]], social evils, nature, illustration of Gurbani, Shabads, visuals in Punjabi Encyclopedia and books.<ref name=jotinder2020>{{Cite book|last=Jotinder Singh|first=Harpal Kaur|title=Guru Gobind Singh Marg as visulised by Artist Trilok Singh|publisher=www.whitefalconpublishing.com|year=2020|isbn=9789389530780|location=Chandigarh|pages=75 to 83}}</ref> He was well versed with deep knowledge of Gurbani, history and religion. He knew many languages i.e. [[Gurmukhi]], Punjabi, Hindi, English, [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]], Assamese and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name=jotinder2020 /> He translated articles from Bengali to Punjabi and published these in the book titled ''Bangla De Daab'' in 1974.<ref name=jotinder2020 /> The Artist was honoured in 1973 by the Chief Minister, [[Punjab India|Punjab]], India Giani Zail Singh at a state level function organised at his residence, Chitralok, Patiala.<ref name="Ajaib Chitrakar 1995 108–110">{{cite book|author=Ajaib Chitrakar|title=Punjabi Chitrakar|year=1995 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala |pages=108–110}}</ref> Language department, Punjab published a book in Punjabi-Chitralok's Contribution to Art and released on the 70th birthday of the artist, 10 December 1984 at a special function organised in Central Library at Patiala for his contribution to Art.<ref name=jotinder2020/>

He is the first Punjabi Artist on whose works Ph.D. degree ''Art of Trilok Singh''<ref name="pupdepartments.ac.in">[http://pupdepartments.ac.in/research/index.php?page=seawdcand&name=Saroj+Kumari+Sharma&department=Fine+Arts Unknown]{{dead link|date=February 2024 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> was awarded by Punjabi University, Patiala. A [[Gold medal]] has been established in the name of the artist and it is awarded to the topper of M.A. Fine Arts.<ref name="Trilok Singh Artist -About Artist">{{cite web|url=http://www.triloksinghartist.com/aboutartist.html|title=Trilok Singh Artist -About Artist|website=www.triloksinghartist.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-9389530780|title=Guru Gobind Singh Marg: As Visualised by Artist Trilok Singh |last1=Singh |first1=Jotinder |last2=Kaur |first2=Harpal |date=15 July 2020 |publisher=White Falcon Publishing Solutions Llp }}</ref> He was appointed as a ''State Artist'' in erstwhile [[PEPSU]] state of [[Punjab India|Punjab]] in 1948<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punjabitribuneonline.com/2019/12/%e0%a8%b8%e0%a8%bf%e0%a9%b1%e0%a8%96-%e0%a8%87%e0%a8%a4%e0%a8%bf%e0%a8%b9%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%b8-%e0%a8%a4%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%b5%e0%a8%bf%e0%a8%b0%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%b8%e0%a8%a4-%e0%a8%a6%e0%a8%be-%e0%a8%9a/|title=ਸਿੱਖ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਤੇ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਦਾ ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰ ਤ੍ਰਿਲੋਕ ਸਿੰਘ|date=7 December 2019|language=Punjabi|work=[[Punjabi Tribune]]}}</ref> and later worked as Artist in Department of Languages, Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/32709/12/12_chapter_6.pdf |title=Chapter 6 |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219090947/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/32709/12/12_chapter_6.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He lived and worked all over India and spent last years of his life in [[Patiala]] town in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].

==Biography==

===Early life===
Trilok Singh was born in village Jartauli, District [[Ludhiana]] to father Gurdit Singh and mother Daya Kaur. He was married to Harbans Kaur and has one daughter and three sons.

His father was a civil engineer, who worked in the [[Uganda Railway]], [[Cape Government Railways]], [[South African Republic]] and then in [[East Bengal Railways]] at [[Assam]]. His mother died during his childhood and he spent his childhood in Jartauli under the supervision of his grandfather ''Baba Daya Singh''.His grandfather's knowledge of Gurbani was a boon and blessing for him beyond limits. The artist always felt that his success in life and art is only due to good training, blessing, motivation of his grandfather. He was studying in 10th class in a school at [[Qila Raipur|Kila Raipur]], District Ludhiana when his grandfather died.

===Education and training===
In 1930, his father took him to [[Assam]] and gave him the responsibility to prepare land for agriculture purpose. He lived in Punjabi Basti in Lanka, [[Nagaon district|District Nawgong]], [[Assam]]. The natural beauty of Assam attracted him. In his free time he enjoyed drawing the nature. His creative genius arose from within and he start drawing and painting. His father thought of famous Artist [[S.G. Thakur Singh]] who was in Calcutta at that time. His father sent drawings to the artist to know whether his son would be successful in the field of art. On getting positive response. His father sent him to Calcutta in 1931 to take further professional guidance in art. He started working hard to learn. Once when Artist [[S.G. Thakur Singh]] came to know that his father has sent him money, he scolded him and advised him saying he has no right to ask for money from his father, rather he should earn money and send to his father.

===Painting career===
In 1932, the artist set up Trilok Studio Arts (TSA) and named it ''Trilok Shilp Asthan'' and on other side a car paint workshop situated at 7, [[Ashutosh Mukherjee]] Road in [[Calcutta]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Trilok|first=Singh|title=Letter envelope of Art studio in Calcutta.|publisher=Trilok Singh Artist|year=1933|isbn=|location=Calcutta|page=1}}</ref> Shortly, it became very popular. He often spent time with Punjabi poets, writers and Bengali artists. The first biographical detail of Trilok Singh was published in 1932 in a monthly Punjabi magazine of Calcutta ''Pulwari'' by the editor Heera Singh Dard. He got silver medal for his painting in All India Ramgharia Federation, [[Kharagpur]], [[Bengal]] in 1932. Next year, he participated in an exhibition of All India Fine Arts Association held in Calcutta.<ref name="pupdepartments.ac.in"/><ref name="Trilok Singh Artist -About Artist"/><ref name="Ajaib Chitrakar 1995 108–110"/> Picture of two famous Sikh artists Trilok Singh and S.G. Thakur Singh was published in special edition of Punjabi newspaper ''Desh Darpan'', [[Calcutta]] on 11 January 1935 page 36.

In 1937, the artist with his family had to shift to Assam to look after his agricultural land as his father was very sick.There he designed an appliance attached to cart for automatic rice plantation which was pulled with a pair of bulls. It was known as 'Dhan Roopa Kala'. He helped his father in agriculture and also opened Art Studio ''Navrang'' in Nowgong. In 1938, two paintings -[[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] - were prepared and sent to Congress session at Haripur in Assam. He welcomed [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at Chhaparmukh railway station, Assam and garlanded him. Next day, he attended the session and presented Pt. Nehru his painting on patriotism. While receiving it, Nehru said you are very useful artist to our country. In 1938, Sh. [[Gopinath Bordoloi]] formed the government in Assam. In 1939, the artist completed the painting ‘Mother India with flambeau’ showing his patriotic feelings.<ref name="Trilok Singh 1987 37 to 110 and 158 to 183">{{Cite book|last=Trilok Singh|first=Chitarkar|title=Doona Laha|publisher=Chitralok Publication, Patiala|year=1987|isbn=|location=Patiala|pages=37 to 110 and 158 to 183}}</ref>

After the death of his father, the responsibility of agricultural land and his profession fell on his shoulders. Suddenly, his son Surjit Singh fell sick and he took his son to Shillong for a change of climate. It was a very hard time for Trilok Singh. The health of his son was deteriorating day by day. He got his son admitted in The Hills Welsh Mission Hospital (''[[Dr. H. Gordon Roberts Hospital, Shillong]])''. To meet medical expenses, he started going to military base, prepared pencil sketches, portraits of soldiers, took photographs & developed in box camera fitted on his bicycle. He prepared a painting of [[Jesus Christ]] blessing the hospital and gifted it to the hospital on Christmas when his son recovered. Dr. Hughes Gordon Robert, Welsh Presbyterian Mission and founder of the hospital thanked the artist for the beautiful gift vide his letter Ref.no 239 dated 29 December 1941.<ref name=jotinder2020/> As a mark of blessings of Almighty, he started study of Guru Nanak's life and preparing it on canvas. He ran Art and Photography studio 'Navrang' in Shillong for two years. He was blessed with second child, a daughter 'Jagdish Kaur'.

===Return to the Punjab===
In 1944, he shifted back to his native village Jartaulli in Punjab. He came in contact with Bhai Sahib [[Bhai Randhir Singh]] who lived in Village Narangwal about 2 km from his residence. He prepared painting of Bhai Randhir Singh who stood before him.[[Bhai Randhir Singh]] himself honoured him with Siropa, Rs125/- as token of love. Bhai Sahib advised him to prepare painting of Guru Gobind Singh. To make the painting, he travelled to Anandpur Sahib, Privar Vichora, Bhatha Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib, Machhiwara, Alamgir on his bicycle to understand the nature of that area. Bhai Sahib happily received the painting of Guru Gobind Singh. He met S. Hardarshan Singh Jeji in 1945 in Patiala and handed over Bhai Sahib's letter. He also met Maharaja of Patiala with the painting. He also visited Delhi on 14 April 1946 and met Congress leaders Pandit Nehru, Asif Ali and others. With due advise from Bhai Sahib, he joined as instructor in paint workshop at 117 E.T.C. military training center, Meerut cantonment Meerut.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jaiteg Singh|first=Anant|title=Bhai Sahib Bhai Randhir Singh Simriti Granth|publisher=Hardarshan Memorial International Trust, Chandigarh.|year=2012|isbn=9789350680308|location=chandigarh|pages=81 to 88}}</ref> He worked there for two years. India got independence in 1947.

===Later career===
Trilok Singh was adjudged the best in painting competition held for the post of State Artist in [[Patiala & East Punjab States Union]] (PEPSU) and offered him the job. He joined on 8-06-1948. During this tenure, he was associated with art work of Rikanjat Secretariat, Punjabi and Archives department, Museum, Darbar Hall ([[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qilla Mubark]]). ''Rai Sahib Ganga Singh, State Artist (PEPSU), Specialist in Drawing and Painting ( [[University College London]])'' wrote about Trilok Singh on 29-03-1951 :- ''I have had the opportunity to examine his work several times, I always found that he is up to the mark. He is very strong in perspective drawing and making original designs, which in fact is the key of success in Fine Arts. His work that he has done in Darbar Hall ([[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qilla Mubark]]) during this period would speak the efficiency itself.'' ( original letter is with Jotinder Singh, Chitralok, Patiala). He worked on this post up to 31-03-1951.

In 1951, Trilok Singh joined Punjabi Mehkma (PEPSU) as artist (Chitarkar). [[Ganda Singh (historian)|Dr. Ganda Singh]] was holding the charge as Director of the department at that time. The artist was member of decoration committee of Assembly Hall, PEPSU. He designed illustrations of publications, portraits and preparation of four volumes of Mahankosh (Punjabi Encyclopedia) into one book. Till 1956, Punjabi Mehkma status was temporary one, the artist and Inder Singh Chakarvarti were instrumental in getting Punjabi Mehkma status as permanent from Raja Surendra Singh of [[Nalagarh|Nalagarh State]], finance minister, PEPSU.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Trilok Singh|first=Chitarkar|title=Doona Laha|publisher=Chitralok Publication|year=1987|isbn=|location=Patiala|pages=34}}</ref> After the merger of PEPSU in Punjab on 1 November 1956 it became Language department, Punjab. He was a member of Arts Study Center, [[Punjabi University]], [[Patiala]] 1962–64. He was the life member of Indian Academy of Fine Arts, [[Amritsar]] and Chandigarh [[Lalit Kala Akademi]]. His retirement was due in 1972 but [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Govt.]] gave him extension of two years.<ref name="Trilok Singh 1987 37 to 110 and 158 to 183"/> After retirement, he devoted his time to art and illustrated the messages of [[Gurbani]] though his paintings.

===Last days at Patiala===
Jotinder Singh, youngest son of the artist, was living and looking after them. His wife died on 6 June 1990. The Artist wrote his [[Will and testament|will]] on 13 July 1990 that he will continue to dedicate himself to art work and his son Jotinder Singh will be the owner of all his works thereafter. He also wrote in the Will that his son looked after them like ''Gurdev Mata and Gurdev Pita'' and takes care of his works with love and devotion.

He completed his last painting a day before his death. He was honoured for his contribution to art at Ludhiana two days before his death i.e. 9 December 1990.

'''Last day.''' On 11 December 1990, he got ready in morning as usual and asked his son to take his photograph before leaving for [[Delhi]]. Then he went to Municipal committee for street work and became unconscious sitting with Executive Officer. They immediately took him to Rajindra Hospital. Doctors declared him dead. Harpal Kaur w/o Jotinder Singh went to the hospital and brought his body. The last day photograph has been fixed on title page of Ph.D research thesis - Art of Trilok Singh.<ref name="pupdepartments.ac.in"/>

The artist always felt that life is too short, there is still lot is to be done. He devoted 58 years of his life in the field of art.

==Awards and honors==
[[Giani Zail Singh]], the then [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] inaugurated his art gallery ''Chitralok'', in [[Patiala]] in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.triloksinghartist.com/aboutus9.html|title=Trilok Singh Artist - In Patiala|website=www.triloksinghartist.com}}</ref> and named a street ''Chitra-Lok Marg'' after him.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[Punjabi University]] instituted the ''Sardar Trilok Singh Chitarkar Gold Medal''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pupdepartments.ac.in/Files/calendar/3.Calendar%20Volume%20II%20(2010)%20English%20%20(%20%20uploaded%20on%2030%20september%202011)/Calendar-Volume-II%20.pdf |title=Tuition and fees |publisher=pupdepartments.ac.in |date= |accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> in his memory, conferred annually on the top [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] student.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pupdepartments.ac.in/research/index.php?page=seawdcand&name=Saroj+Kumari+Sharma&department=Fine+Arts|title=Punjabi University - Research Department|website=pupdepartments.ac.in}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/13748/12/12_chapter%206.pdf Unknown]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The book ''Chitralok's contribution to Art'' was published in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] by the Department of Languages, Punjab in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.triloksinghartist.com/aboutus12.html|title=Trilok Singh Artist - Life Pics|website=www.triloksinghartist.com}}</ref>

There have been many exhibitions of his work in [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punjabiakhbar.com/paintings-of-guru-nanak-dev-ji-exhibition/|title=ਤ੍ਰਿਲੋਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਆਰਟਿਸਟ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਦੇ ਬਣਾਏ ਚਿਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਕਲਾ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਨੀ ਦਾ ਉਦਘਾਟਨ | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ | Australia & New Zealand Punjbai News|first=Ujagar|last=Singh|date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=Chitarkar Trilok Singh - Painter of Religious Paintings|work=Earth News- Art & Culture|url=http://epaper.earthnews.in/epaperadmin/photos/pdf/9434711135202047802.pdf |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

==Paintings==
Being a very religious person, his knowledge about [[sikh religion]] is reflected in all his paintings.<ref name="Ajaib Chitrakar 1995 108–110"/> During initial days of his career, his works mostly focused towards [[Indian independence movement|freedom struggle of India]] and [[Patriotism]]. Later on his works represented teachings of [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epaper.punjabitribuneonline.com/c/46587101|title=Clipping of The Tribune Trust - Saturday - Satrang|website=epaper.punjabitribuneonline.com}}</ref> He also prepared illustrations of many books including ''Guru Gobind Singh Marg'', while working with Punjab Language deptt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.triloksinghartist.com/gurugobindmarg.html|title=Trilok Singh Artist - Guru Gobing Singh Marg|website=www.triloksinghartist.com}}</ref> These original paintings by Trilok Singh Chitarkar are on display in Chitralok Art Gallery, [[Patiala]].

=== Pre Independence works (1933 to 1947) ===
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="700px">
File:Trilok Singh artist 1933.jpg|1933- [[Namdev|Bhagat Naam Dev]]
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1933a.jpg|1933-Bal Deshmesh ji
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1933b.jpg |1933-Trilok Studio Arts, Calcutta
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1935.jpg|1935-Artist working on a [[Portrait painting|Portrait]]
File:Trilok singh Artist Assam Wiki.jpg|1938-[[Indian independence movement|Independence movement]]
File:Trilok Singh Artist1944.jpg|1944- [[Guru Nanak]]'s life in 19 stars
File:Trilok Singh Artist Bhai Sahib wiki.jpg|1944- [[Bhai Randhir Singh]]
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1945.jpg|1945-Freedom struggle
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1947p.jpg|1947-[[Partition of India|India's Partition]]
</gallery>

===Post Independence works (1948 to 1990) ===
He worked on variety of themes. Some of his works are presented in following categories:-

'''Love legends-'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="800px">
File:Trilok singh artist 1955 sohni.jpg|1955- [[Sohni Mahiwal]]
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1954.jpg|1954- [[Sassui Punnhun]]
File:Trilok singh Chitarkar sohni2.jpg|1970s - [[Sohni Mahiwal]]
</gallery>

'''Womenhood'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok singh Artist 1955.jpg|1955-Lady reading a book - an [[Women in India|Indian woman]] and her baby.
</gallery>

'''Landscape'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Land Trilok Singh Ls1 Wiki.jpg|1960s - Landscape
File:Trilok Singh Artist Ls2 wiki.jpg|1970s- landscape
File:Trilok Singh Artist Ls4 wiki.jpg|1980s - landscape
File:Trilok Singh Artist Ls3 Wiki.jpg|1989- Alishan
</gallery>

'''Punjabi Encyclopedia''' - Trilok Singh is the only Artist who made illustrations for Punjabi encyclopedia and published by Languages department, Punjab
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">

File:Trilok Singh Artist 1960s Gadda.jpg|1960s-[[Bullock cart]] -Gadda in Punjabi
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1960s Khrad.jpg|1960s - [[Carpentry|Carpenter's]] [[lathe]] -Khrad in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1960s Khras.jpg|1960s- Stone grinding mill- Khras in Punjabi
File:Trilok Singh Artist Panjali.jpg|1960s- Panjali-a farm implement for bulls.
File:Trilok singh artist Hal.jpg|1960s- Farm implement to plough field.
File:Trilok singh artist Suhagi.jpg|1960s Suhagi-to level field
</gallery>

'''Punjabi Culture-'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok Singh Kharapewala.jpg|1980s- [[Sapp (instrument)|Kharape]] wala
File:Trilok Singh Bhatewali.jpg|1980s- Bhatewali
File:Trilok Singh Tumbe wala.jpg|1980s- [[Tumbi|Tumbe]] wala
File:Trilok Singh Nagoje wala.jpg|1980s- [[Alghoza|Nagoje]] wala
</gallery>

'''Development of Gurmukhi (Punjabi) script from 375 AD'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="800px">
File:Trilok Singh Chitarkar Pb srcipt.jpg|Development of [[Gurmukhi]]
</gallery>

'''Poetry'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:ITrilok Singh Artist Ajee nah wiki.jpg|1980s- ਅਜੇ ਸਾਹ ਨੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਬਾਕੀ।..
</gallery>

'''Paintings based on Gurbani-'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="700px">
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1987 Kiv Marenge.jpg|1987- Bhagat [[Kabir]] bani
File:Trilok singh Artist Jal meen.jpg|1970s- Jaal meh meen
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1959 Maati.jpg|1959- Maati Ko Putra
File:Trilok singh Artist maati ka.wiki.jpg|1980s - Hammer of death
File:Trilok singh Artist Ajoo wiki (2).jpg|1980s-ਅਜਹੁ ਸੁ ਨਾਉ ਸਮੁੰਦ੍ਰ ਮਹਿ
</gallery>

'''Portraits '''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok singh Artist Waris Shah.jpg|1956 - Sayyid [[Waris Shah]]
</gallery>

'''Historical-'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok Singh Artist 1966 GGS Marg.jpg|1966 - [[Guru Gobind Singh Marg]]
File:Trilok singh artist GTB wiki.jpg|1960s- [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] ''Sharishti-De-Chadar''
File:Trilok Singh Artist karamat nahi wiki.jpg|1960s- Practice only- [[Guru Gobind Singh]]
</gallery>

'''Punjabi alphabets''' - comparative [[Hindi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] alphabets

<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok Singh Artist PHB1.jpg|1960s- Punjabi +Hindi +Bengali
File:Trilok Singh Artist PHB2.jpg|1960s- Punjabi +Hindi +Bengali
File:Trilok Singh Artist PHB3.jpg|1960s- Punjabi +Hindi +Bengali
File:Trilok Singh Artist PHB4.jpg|1960s- Punjabi +Hindi + Bengali
File:Trilok Singh Artist PHB5.jpg|1960s- Punjabi +Hindi +Bengali
</gallery>

'''Contribution to Hindi'''
<gallery mode="packed" width="800px" height="500px">
File:Trilok Singh Artist H1.jpg|1955- Punjabi Department, PEPSU
File:Trilok Singh Artist H6.jpg|1955- Hindi works
File:Trilok Singh Artisth7.jpg|1955 - Hindi works
File:Trilok singh Artist H3.jpg|1955 - Hindi works
File:Trilok Singh Artist H2.jpg|1955 - Hindi works
File:Trilok Singh Artist H4.jpg|1955 - Hindi works
File:Trilok Singh Artist H5.jpg|1955 - Hindi works
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.triloksinghartist.com/aboutartist.html Detailed biography]
*[https://www.amazon.in/Guru-Gobind-Singh-Marg-visualised/dp/9389530784/ Review about Artist and Life Sketch of Trilok Singh Artist]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Chitarkar, Trilok}}
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Patiala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Painters from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

MGR Nagaril

2026-03-13T07:44:28Z

Ilushikpub: edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = MGR Nagaril.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Alleppey Ashraf]]
| writer = Gokula Krishna (dialogues)
| story = [[Siddique–Lal]]
| producer = [[R. B. Choudary]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Anand Babu]]|[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]}}
| cinematography = [[Sekhar V. Joseph]]
| editing = V. Sekhar
| music = [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]
| studio = [[Super Good Films]]
| released = {{film date|1991|9|12|df=y}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''MGR Nagaril''''' ({{translation|In [[MGR Nagar]]}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Alleppey Ashraf]], starring [[Anand Babu]] and [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], with [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Charle]], Supergood Kannan, [[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]], [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]], [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]], [[S. S. Chandran]] and [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] in supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1990 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=18 June 2015 |title=Recalling a musical legacy |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/recalling-a-musical-legacy/article7328966.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729105114/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/recalling-a-musical-legacy/article7328966.ece |archive-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> The film was released on 12 September 1991.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 1991 |title=M.G.R Nagaril |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910912&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=November 2023}}
Four men try to impress a new girl in town. When they find out that she is trying to investigate her brother's murder, they start to pretend to be his friends and soon get into more trouble than they can handle.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Anand Babu]] as Mahadevan
*[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Shobana
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Gopal
*[[Charle]] as Anand
*Supergood Kannan as Ravi
*[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] as Victor
*[[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]] as Siva
*[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as John Peter
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Shobana's grandfather
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Victor's mother
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=M G R Nagaril |url=https://gaana.com/album/m-g-r-nagaril |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228113550/https://gaana.com/album/m-g-r-nagaril |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Puttham Pudhu Payanam – MGR Nagaril Tamil Film LP VInyl Record by Sondaryan- S Balakrishnan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/puttham-pudhu-payanam-mgr-nagaril-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-sondaryan-s-balakrishnan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301083127/https://mossymart.com/product/puttham-pudhu-payanam-mgr-nagaril-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-sondaryan-s-balakrishnan/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Machini Oruthi
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:57
| title2 = Singara Paavai Ye
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
| length2 = 5:13
| title3 = Masai Matham
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Swarnalatha]]
| length3 = 4:47
| title4 = Yenage Enthan
| note4 = male
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:59
| title5 = Udal Konda
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 4:50
| title6 = Yenage Enthan
| note6 = female
| extra6 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length6 = 5:12
| all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]
| total_length = 29:58
}}

== Reception ==
Sundarji of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt the antics of four lead actors are terrible but enjoyable in few places and also added it seems the producer Choudhary nodded the script because of its concept which was similar to the previous films he had produced. He also added that Sukanya and Napolean were wasted and called music a mere decoration.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சுந்தர்ஜி |date=13 October 1991 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். நகரில் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1991/oct/13-10-1991/p39.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220806065717/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1991/oct/13-10-1991/p39.jpg |archive-date=6 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=39 |language=Ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1991 comedy films]]
[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Indian films]]
[[Category:1991 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Alleppey Ashraf]]
[[Category:Films produced by R. B. Choudary]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Balakrishnan (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Zee Tamil

2026-03-08T05:08:15Z

Ilushikpub: general corrected page as per guidelines additionally per standard format

{{short description|Indian Tamil-language television channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Zee Tamil
| logo = Zee Tamil 2025.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2025
| launch_date = {{Launch date and age|df=y|2008|10|12}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/zee-launches-tamil-channel/619249/?next |title=Zee launches Tamil channel |work=Outlook |location=India |access-date=6 August 2017 }}</ref>
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| owner = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
| headquarters = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| website = [https://www.zee5.com/channels/details/zee-tamil/0-9-zeetamil Zee Tamil]
| terr_serv_1 = {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Astro Malaysia|Astro]]
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 223 ([[High definition television|HD]])
| terr_serv_2 = {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Astro NJOI|NJOI]]
| terr_chan_2 = Channel 223 ([[High definition television|HD]])
| terr_serv_3 = Verizon Vision
| terr_chan_3 = Channel 759 ([[High definition television|HD]])
| area = [[Tamil Nadu]] and Worldwide
| key_people = Raghavan VS (Business Head)
 Kaushik Narasimhan (Programming Head- Fiction) Poogundran Ganesan (Programming Head- Non-Fiction)
| sister_channels = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises#Owned channels|List of Zee Entertainment channels]]
}}

'''Zee Tamil''' also known as '''Z Tamil''' is an Indian [[Tamil language]] pay television [[general entertainment channel]] owned by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Zee Tamil goes for the kill as churn grows|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/zee-tamil-goes-for-the-kill-as-churn-grows-117103001353_1.html|website=Business Standard}}</ref> The channel started broadcasting in 2008 and is available internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/starhub-launches-starhub-tv-dlite-offer--1203839|title=StarHub launches StarHub TV d'Lite offer|website=www.telecompaper.com}}</ref> The channel broadcasts from [[Guindy]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tm.com.my/AboutTM/NewsRelease/Pages/HYPPTV-CELEBRATES-ITS-7th-YEAR-ANNIVESARY-WITH-THE-INTRODUCTION-OF-7-NEW-CHANNELS.aspx|title=HYPPTV Celebrates Its 7th Year Anniversary With the Introduction of 7 New Channels|publisher=Tm.com.my|access-date=2018-08-31|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030409/https://www.tm.com.my/AboutTM/NewsRelease/Pages/HYPPTV-CELEBRATES-ITS-7th-YEAR-ANNIVESARY-WITH-THE-INTRODUCTION-OF-7-NEW-CHANNELS.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] also launched a full Tamil movie channel named ''[[Zee Thirai]]'' in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee to launch 24-hour Tamil movie channel|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/zee-to-launch-24-hour-tamil-movie-channel/article30288962.ece|website=The Hindu|date=12 December 2019 }}</ref>

==History==
Zee Tamil was launched on 12 October 2008 as the third south Indian channel after Telugu and Kannada counterparts ([[Zee Telugu]] and [[Zee Kannada]]). It was launched under [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zee launches Tamil channel|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/zee-launches-tamil-channel/372401|work=financialexpress.com|date=12 October 2008 |access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref> In [[Canada]], the channel is distributed by Ethnic Channels Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil channel, ZEE Tamizh launches in Canada|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/tamil-channel-zee-tamizh-launches-in-canada/|website=Biz Asia|date=16 December 2013 }}</ref>

Zee Tamil went on a revamp with an update in its on-air graphics on 15 October 2017 with the slogan of "Let's bridge heart and welcome change", along with the launch of a [[High-definition television|high-definition]] feed with Tamil film actress [[Jyothika]] as the brand ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Jyothika to endorse Zee Tamil|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/actor-jyothika-to-endorse-zee-tamil/61100497|website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The rebranding coincided with the Zee Network's silver jubilee celebrations where all the network channels donned a new look.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Tamizh re-brands with new logo, tagline and shows to create fresh brand identity|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zee-tamizh-re-brands-with-new-logotagline-and-shows-to-create-fresh-brand-identity-86785.html|website=Exchange4media.com|access-date=2017-10-16}}</ref>

On 19 September 2018, Astro Added "Samrat" Pack Customers, Zee Tamil HD (Channel 232) and purchase until October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Astro shuts down Zee Tamil HD (CH232) barely 6 months after launch|url=https://varnam.my/tv/2019/7111/astro-shuts-down-zee-tamil-hd-ch232-barely-6-months-after-launch/|website=Varnam.my|date=4 March 2019 |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> On 19 January 2020, its siblings channel [[Zee Thirai]] was launched, which airs non-stop [[Kollywood (Tamil cinema)|Kollywood films]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Enterprises to launch Tamil movie channel Zee Thirai|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/zee-enterprises-to-launch-tamil-movie-channel-zee-thirai/1711768|website=Outlookindia.com|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> This Movie Channel was released by actor [[Kamal Haasan]] at the grand stage of ''Zee Cine Awards Tamil'' (2020).

==Sister channel==
===Zee Thirai===

'''Zee Thirai''' is an Indian [[Tamil language]] [[pay television]] channel which constantly broadcasts Tamil movies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zeel-launches-tamil-film-entertainment-channel-zee-thirai-101880.html|title=ZEEL launches Tamil film entertainment channel Zee Thirai|website=www.exchange4media.com}}</ref> It was launched on 19 January 2020 and owned by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] (ZEEL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=664798|title=Zee Enterprises to launch Tamil movie channel Zee Thirai|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> Zee Thirai offering Latest Blockbuster Kollywood Premiere Movies. Now [[Ashwin Kumar Lakshmikanthan]] is the Brand Ambassador of This Channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zeel-to-launch-tamil-movie-channel-on-19-jan/|title=ZEEL to launch Tamil movie channel on 19 Jan|website=www.televisionpost.com|access-date=17 July 2023|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110021745/https://www.televisionpost.com/zeel-to-launch-tamil-movie-channel-on-19-jan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Programming==
{{main|List of programmes broadcast by Zee Tamil (India)}}

Zee Tamil programming includes serials, spiritual shows, cookery, talk shows, musical shows, movies and events. It telecasts fantasy and romance serials. Zee Tamil also telecasts reality shows like ''[[Dance Jodi Dance]]'', ''[[Genes season 3|Genes]]'', ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors]]'', ''[[Survivor (Tamil TV series)|Survivor Tamil]]'', ''Tamizha Tamizha'' and ''Rockstar''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Tamil launches music reality show Rockstar - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee-tamil-launches-music-reality-show-rockstar-111671.html|access-date=2021-06-15|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref>

==Ratings==
In 2017, after the channel went through a complete revamp the shares rose from 5% to between 13% and 15% in that year. Making Zee Tamil the second most watched Tamil television channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battle for cable TV market: Sun rules in Tamil Nadu but success of Star Vijay's Bigg Boss, Zee, shows churn happening|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/battle-for-cable-tv-market-sun-rules-in-tamil-nadu-but-success-of-star-vijays-bigg-boss-zee-shows-churn-happening/974727/|website=The Financial Express|date=15 December 2017 }}</ref><ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://zeetamil.zee5.com/ Zee Tamizh Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071247/https://zeetamil.zee5.com/ |date=3 June 2020 }}

{{Tamil language television channels}}

[[Category:Television stations in Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television channels]]
[[Category:Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

ChikiChiki BooBoomBoom

2026-03-04T09:32:08Z

Ilushikpub: Adding Post

{{Short description|2025 Marathi film by Prasad Mahadev Khandekar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ChikiChiki BooBoomBoom
| image = ChikiChiki BooBoomBoom Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prasad Khandekar]]
| writer = Prathamesh Shivalkar Prasad Mahadev Khandekar
| producer = Sunil Narkar Sejal Dipak Painter Prasad Mahadev Khandekar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Swapnil Joshi]]
*[[Prarthana Behere]]
*[[Prajakta Mali]]
*Prasad Mahadev Khandekar
*[[Vanita Kharat]]
}}
| cinematography = Ganesh Utekar
| editing = Nilesh N. Gavand
| music = [[Rohan-Rohan]]
| studio = Narkar Films & Entertainment Swarna Pat Katha Prajakar Production
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|02|28}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''ChikiChiki BooBoomBoom''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi-language]] comedy film directed, co-written and co-produced by [[Prasad Khandekar]] under the banner of Prajakar Production, along with Narkar Films & Entertainment and Swarna Pat Katha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-31 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीचा नवा सिनेमा, फर्स्ट लूक समोर, पुन्हा एकत्र दिसणार 'मितवा'ची जोडी |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/prajakta-mali-swapnil-joshi-and-prarthana-beheres-new-movie-watch-the-first-look-of-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-1308285.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=News18 मराठी |language=mr}}</ref> The film features an ensemble cast, including [[Swapnil Joshi]], [[Prarthana Behere]], [[Prajakta Mali]], Khandekar, Rohit Mane, Prathamesh Shivalkar, [[Namrata Sambherao]] and [[Vanita Kharat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-31 |title=प्राजक्ता माळी, स्वप्नील-प्रार्थना अन् 'महाराष्ट्राची हास्यजत्रा'च्या कलाकारांची फौज! 'या' दिवशी येणार नवा सिनेमा! पाहा पहिला लूक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/prasad-khandekar-announces-new-marathi-movie-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-shares-first-poster-sva-00-4799232/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=प्राजक्ता माळीच्या चाहत्यांसाठी न्यू इअर गिफ्ट, 'फुलवंती' दिसणार या सिनेमात, लूक आहे खूपच भारी |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-new-film-announcement-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-directed-by-prasad-khandekar-starring-swapnil-joshi-prarthana-behere/articleshow/116824998.cms |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The story revolves around the reunion of college backbenchers, filled with fun, excitement, and chaos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=वृत्तसेवा |first=प्रभात |date=2025-02-04 |title=स्वप्नील जोशीच्या 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम' चित्रप |url=https://www.dainikprabhat.com/chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-marathi-movie-teaser-released/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Dainik Prabhat |language=mr}}</ref> The music is composed by the duo [[Rohan-Rohan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=2025-01-03 |title=Chiki Chiki Booboom Boom {{!}}नव्या वर्षात 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम' चित्रपटाची धमाल ट्रीट |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-new-marathi-movie-in-new-year |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Swapnil Joshi]] as Vaibhav<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2025-02-05 |title='जिलबी' नंतर स्वप्नील घेऊन येत आहे हास्याची अनोखी जत्रा; "चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम" चित्रपटात अभिनेत्याची विनोदवीर भूमिका! |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/marathi/actor-swapnil-joshi-to-play-comedian-role-in-the-film-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-774827.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=जगताप |first=नामदेव |date=2025-02-05 |title=जिलबीनंतर स्वप्नील जोशी 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम'मधून सर्वांना खळखळून हसवणार; टीझर पाहिलात? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/swapnil-joshi-upcoming-marathi-movie-chiki-chiki-boom-boom-boom-prajakta-mali-prathana-behare-1342631 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Prarthana Behere]] as Dhanashree<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Apurva |date=2025-02-13 |title=Chiki Chiki Buboom Boom: सस्पेन्स, थ्रीलर आणि मजामस्ती, काकाच्या बंगल्यात रंगणार जुन्या आठवणी |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/marathi-film-chiki-chiki-buboom-boom-release-february-28-entertainment-news-amk08 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref>
* [[Prajakta Mali]] as Ravee<ref>{{Cite web |last=वृत्तसेवा |first=प्रभात |date=2024-12-31 |title=Prajakta Mali : 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम…'; सुरेश धस प्रकर |url=https://www.dainikprabhat.com/prajakta-mali-chicky-chicky-buboom-boom-after-the-suresh-dhas-case-prajakta-malis-new-movie-will-meet-the-audience/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Dainik Prabhat |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Prasad Khandekar]] as Bhaiyya
* Rohit Mane as Tumdev
* Prathamesh Shivalkar as Aditya
* [[Namrata Sambherao]]
* [[Vanita Kharat]] as Babli
* [[Onkar Raut]] as Anush
* [[Priyadarshini Indalkar|Priyadarshani Indalkar]] as Sweety
* Sachin Goswami as Abadan
* [[Abhijeet Chavan]] as [[Inspector|Insp.]] Vitthal Manjrekar
* Aishwarya Badade as Shambhavi
* Chetna Bhat as Vinodini Padhye
* Nikhil Ratnaparkhi as Vikas Padhye
* Aparna Kshemkalyani as Aayela
* [[Prabhakar More (actor)|Prabhakar More]] as Naren Appa
* Shyam Rajput
* Nikhil Bane as Gulab
* Pramod Bansode
* Shlok Khandekar as Johnny Lever Padye<ref>{{Cite web |last=author/online-lokmat |date=2025-02-19 |title='चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम' चित्रपटात बाप-लेकाची जोडी करणार धमाल |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/the-father-son-duo-will-create-a-buzz-in-the-film-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-a-a603/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music for the film is composed by [[Rohan-Rohan]]. The first song, "Boom Boom Boom", based on a party theme, was unveiled on 8 February 2025, and is choreographed by Rahul Thombre.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-02-09 |title=रंगणार धमाल रियुनियन पार्टी; 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम'चित्रपटातील पहिलं गाणं प्रदर्शित |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-marathi-movie-first-song-release-psn14 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref>{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 9:51
| title1 = Boom Boom Boom
| length1 = 3:40
| lyrics1 = Prashant Madpuwar
| extra1 = [[Rohan Pradhan]]
| title2 = Karbhaari
| length2 = 3:11
| lyrics2 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra2 = Kavita Raam
| title3 = Mitra
| length3 = 3:00
| lyrics3 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra3 = [[Rohit Raut]], Juilee Joglekar, Rohan Pradhan, Rohan Gokhale
}}

== Release ==
The teaser was released on 1 February 2025, and the film was released on 28 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title='चिकी चिकी बुबूम बूम'चा धमाकेदार टीझर प्रदर्शित, स्वप्नील जोशी, प्रसाद खांडेकरसह इतर कलाकार प्रेक्षकांना खळखळून हसवणार {{!}} Chiki Chiki BooBoom boom Official Teaser |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/prasad-khandekar-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-movie-official-teaser-out-marathi-actors-play-important-role-in-this-film/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-03 |title=नव्या वर्षात 'Chiki Chiki Booboom Boom' चित्रपटाची धमाल ट्रीट |url=https://www.timemaharashtra.com/entertainment/in-the-new-year-the-movie-chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-is-a-great-treat/107567/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Time Maharashtra |language=mr-IN}}</ref> The trailer was released on 19 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=वृत्तसेवा |first=प्रभात |date=2025-02-19 |title= हसता हसता लोटपोट होण्यासाठी तयार राहा! 'चिकी च'|url=https://www.dainikprabhat.com/chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-movie-trailer-launch/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Dainik Prabhat |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|id=35301430}}
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy drama films]]
[[Category:Films about class reunions]]

Chandra Chakori

2026-03-03T21:40:33Z

Ilushikpub: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chandra Chakori
| image = Chandra Chakori 2003.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[S. Narayan]]
| writer =
| screenplay = S. Narayan Elakkian
| story = S. Narayan
| starring = [[Sriimurali]] Priya S Chhabria Naaz [[Srinagara Kitty]]
| producer = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] [[Anitha Kumaraswamy]]
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| cinematography = P. K. H. Das
| editing = P. R. Soundar Rajan
| studio = Chennambika Films
| distributor = [[Jayanna Combines|Jayanna Films]] Mars Distributors
| released = {{film date|df=y|2003|8|15}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Chandra Chakori''''' ({{translation|A [[Partridge|patridge]] enamored by the moon}}) is a 2003 [[India]]n [[Kannada]]-language [[romance drama film]] directed by [[S. Narayan]] and produced by [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] and [[Anitha Kumaraswamy]] under Chennambika Films. The film stars debutants [[Sriimurali]], Priya S Chhabria, Naaz and [[Srinagara Kitty]] in the lead roles, while [[Sundar Raj]], [[Doddanna]] and [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]] appear in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/no-solution-yet-to-film-crisis/articleshow/834425.cms|title=No solution yet to film crisis|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 September 2004|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309050611/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/no-solution-yet-to-film-crisis/articleshow/834425.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-want-to-be-an-actor-not-a-star-srinagara-kitty/articleshow/21598443.cms|title=I want to be an actor, not a star: Srinagara Kitty|first=Sharanya|last=CR|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 August 2013|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309050610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-want-to-be-an-actor-not-a-star-srinagara-kitty/articleshow/21598443.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Sudha arrives at her village for her wedding with Mahesh, where she meets Puttaraju, a mute and kindhearted boy. Due to a prank, Sudha learns that Puttaraju was a talkative guy and is pretending to be mute. Sudha meets Puttaraju's relative Gajendrappa and learns about Puttaraju's past.

Puttaraju was in love with Sevanthi, whose father Boregowda held a condition for Puttaraju in order to marry Sevanthi. Due to unusual circumstances, Sevanthi is found dead and Boregowda was imprisoned on charges of killing Sevanthi. Puttaraju vows to never talk with anyone and pretended to be mute. After learning the past, Sudha falls in love with Puttaraju, but Puttaraju rejects her proposal.

Meanwhile, Mahesh and his mother learn about this, where they make Puttaraju and his mother to leave the village. Sudha leaves the wedding to meet Puttaraju after learning that Mahesh and his mother had sent Puttaraju away. Boregowda, who is released from prison, meets Puttaraju and reveals that Mahesh was the one who murdered Sevanthi as he lusts after Sevanthi and was jealous of Puttaraju and Sevanthi's relationship.

An enraged Puttaraju brutally thrashes Mahesh, but leaves him on request of the landlord Gowdru. Gowdru and Boregowda requests Puttaraju to marry Sudha, where a hesitant Puttaraju finally agrees and marries Sudha.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Sriimurali]] as Puttaraju
* Priya S Chhabria as Sudha
* Naaz as Sevanthi
* [[Srinagar Kitty]] as Mahesh
* [[Shari (actress)|Shari]] as Puttaraju's mother
* [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]]
* [[Doddanna]] as Gajendrappa
* [[Shobaraj (actor)|Shobaraj]] as Boregowda
* [[Sundar Raj]] as Subbayya
* [[Sathyapriya]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Naganna
* Tension Nagaraj
* Renuka Prasad
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
* Sadhana
* Bhanu Prakash
* Sridhar Raj
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
The film was initially planned to be simultaneously shot in Telugu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_chandrachakori.asp|title=Chandra Chakori - new film directed by S. Narayan|work=Viggy|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203011600/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_chandrachakori.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by [[H. D. Kumaraswamy|Kumaraswamy]], [[S. Narayan|Narayan]]'s friend who previously produced ''[[Surya Vamsha]]'' (1999) and ''[[Galate Aliyandru]]'' (2000).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/metro/article18400401.ece|title=Arjun to play CM, yet again|date=6 May 2017|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230910082511/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/metro/article18400401.ece|archive-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]] and the lyrics were written by [[S. Narayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/movie/K0000067.html |title=Chandra Chakori at Raaga |access-date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=23 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223042224/http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/movie/K0000067.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Andagaathi Kanna Thumba
| extra1 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| lyrics1 = [[S. Narayan]]
| length1 = 05:10
| title2 = Kuhu Kuhoo Kogile
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics2 = S. Narayan
| length2 = 04:41
| title3 = Bellam Belage
| extra3 = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| lyrics3 = S. Narayan
| length3 = 05:16
| title4 = Jigari Dosth
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Manikka Vinayagam]]
| lyrics4 = S. Narayan
| length4 = 04:50
| title5 = Aaha Jhum Taka Jhum
| extra5 = K. S. Chithra
| lyrics5 = S. Narayan
| length5 = 04:53
| title6 = Kuhu Kuhoo Kogile (Pathos)
| extra6 = K. S. Chithra
| lyrics6 = S. Narayan
| length6 = 04:20
}}

== Release and reception ==
The release of the film was delayed due to an issue between producers and distributors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/no-film-released-on-friday/articleshow/121958.cms|title=No film released on Friday|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 August 2003|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310000623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/no-film-released-on-friday/articleshow/121958.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''indiainfo'' wrote that "A good film overall. Three hours of watching this film is a total paisa vasool ({{Translation|money's worth}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/chandra_chakori.html|title=Chandra Chakori - Review|work=indiainfo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031002222807/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/chandra_chakori.html|archive-date=2 October 2003}}</ref>

== Box office ==
The film ran for twenty-five weeks in several theatres, thereby becoming a [[Silver jubilee#South Asian film terminology|silver jubilee]] film.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/07gopi.htm | title=Gopi: Even Murali fails to save it | work=[[Rediff.com]] | date=7 March 2006 | last=Vijayasarathy | first=R. G. | access-date=17 July 2024 | archive-date=10 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210102327/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/07gopi.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/flash-back/3153-2003-year-round-up.html|title=2003 Year Round Up|work=Chitraloka|date=31 December 2003|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319190653/https://www.chitraloka.com/flash-back/3153-2003-year-round-up.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The success of this film and other films such as ''[[Raktha Kanneeru]]'' caused a lack of theatre screens for newer releases.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kannada-film-industry-faces-theatre-crunch/articleshow/215253.cms|title=Kannada film industry faces theatre crunch|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 October 2003|first=Sowmya Aji|last=Mehu|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310001813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kannada-film-industry-faces-theatre-crunch/articleshow/215253.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This film ran for a year in Prakash Theater in Belgaum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_chandrachakori_43weeks.asp|title=Chandra Chakori sets record|work=Viggy|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203011559/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_chandrachakori_43weeks.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/murali-desperate-for-a-hit/articleshow/20326587.cms|title=Murali desperate for a hit|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 May 2013|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309050617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/murali-desperate-for-a-hit/articleshow/20326587.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Priya Pereira Chhabria, who made her debut with this film, later took a break from acting and opted for a career in dance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-priya-pereira-chhabria-returns-to-sandalwood-after-15-years/articleshow/93501518.cms|title=Exclusive: Priya Pereira Chhabria returns to Sandalwood after 15 years|date=12 August 2022|work=The Times of India|first=Vinay|last=Lokesh|access-date=17 July 2024|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309050609/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-priya-pereira-chhabria-returns-to-sandalwood-after-15-years/articleshow/93501518.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[2003–04 Karnataka State Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-01-01/bangalore/27838036_1_awards-bags-jnanpith-winner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025053521/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-01-01/bangalore/27838036_1_awards-bags-jnanpith-winner|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012|title='Chigurida Kanasu' bags 4 awards|date=1 January 2005|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref>
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Third Best Film|Best Third Best Film]] - [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] and [[Anitha Kumaraswamy]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://hindu.com/2005/07/15/stories/2005071511170500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416004119/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/15/stories/2005071511170500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-04-16 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Entry only to invitees at film awards function | date=2005-07-15}}</ref>
# [[Karnataka State Film Awards|Best Cinematographer]] - P. K. H. Das
# [[Karnataka State Film Awards|Best Art Direction]] - G. Murthy

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|30146825}}

{{S. Narayan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandra Chakori}}
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Narayan]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]

Parari (2013 film)

2026-03-03T21:31:17Z

Ilushikpub: Starting a data

{{Short description|2013 Kannada language film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parari
| image = Parari (2013 film).jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[K. M. Chaitanya]]
| producer = Sumith Kombra
| writer = K. M. Chaitanya
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Shravanth
*[[Shuba Poonja]]
*[[Jahnavi Kamath]]
*Shrunga
*[[Bullet Prakash]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]
| cinematography = [[H. C. Venu]]
| editing = P. Haridas
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|04|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Parari''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Comedy film|comedy]] film directed by [[K. M. Chaitanya]] starring Shravanth, [[Shuba Poonja]], [[Jahnavi Kamath]], Shrunga and [[Bullet Prakash]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/327074/a-film-should-entertain-people.html|title='A film should entertain people'|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/306181/comedy-right-up-my-street.html|title='Comedy is right up my street'|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=19 January 2013}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* Shravanth as Karan
* [[Shuba Poonja]] as Urmila
* [[Jahnavi Kamath]] as Shwetha
* Shrunga as Anantha
* [[Bullet Prakash]] as Peede Obaih
* Arun Sagar as Arun alias Kanti Subba Reddy
* [[Sharath Lohithaswa]] as Samanth
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Vishwanath
* [[Umashree]] as Peede Obaih's mother
* [[P. D. Sathish Chandra]]
}}

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = Parari (ಪರಾರಿ)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 20:32
| language = Kannada
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2012
| year = 2014
| next_title =
| next_year = 2013
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|Ji2fl4xfWUM| Parari - Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 20:32
| title1 = Muddu Muddagi
| extra1 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 =Parari
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length2 = 4:07
| title3 = Beeja Beeja
| extra3 = Sunita Murli
| length3 = 4:19
| title4 = Neenendaru Naane
| extra4 = [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length4 = 3:53
| title5 = Kailasa Kailuntu
| extra5 = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]
| length5 = 4:37
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Full marks to Shrunga and Shravanth for their excellent performance. Shubha Poonja excels as TV actress. HC Venu’s camerawork is brilliant. Anoop Sileen’s music has some catchy tunes".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/parari/movie-review/19661253.cms?from=mdr|title=PARARI MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] ''scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Parari apart is that it’s very different from formula Kannada films. While logic isn’t what drives the film, its script keeps the humour quotient high, right till the end. Could it be that situational comedies in Kannada films are finally maturing? Supported by Anoop Silen’s music and HC Venu’s cinematography, Parari is a must-watch and especially in the theatres"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-parari-kannada-1824768|title=Film review: 'Parari' (Kannada)|work=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "cinematographer HC Venu forgot the lights or there was some problem with the satellite telecast, the film looked like it was shot under a giant umbrella. It is not every week that young Kannada audience gets a chance to grow up watching a movie. But they deserve much better".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/parari-loose-cannon/articleshow/21205020.cms|title=Parari: Loose cannon|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref> A Shardhha of [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "Anoop Seelin's has come out with a good mix of music. Venu has done a good job with his cinematography. The Verdict: If comedy is appealing without any logic in the story, Parari is good for a weekend entertainment".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2013/Apr/20/parari-is-a-fun-filled-safari--469782.html|title=Parari is a fun-filled safari|work=[[New Indian Express]]|date=5 April 2013 |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> A critic from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "Chaitanya’s Parari keeps the viewer entertained while steering clear of serious issues. Time to leave disquiet and worries behind then".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/327188/romance-time-disposing-body.html|title=Romance in the time of disposing a body|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 April 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. M. Chaitanya]]

Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)

2026-03-03T18:24:44Z

Ilushikpub: Starting a details!

{{Other uses|Ninne Pelladata (disambiguation){{!}}Ninne Pelladata}}{{Short description|1996 film by Krishna Vamsi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ninne Pelladata
| image = Ninne Pelladatha poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = '''Story''' & '''Screenplay''': Krishna Vamsi '''Dialogues''': Pruthvi Teja [[Uttej]]
| producer = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| director = [[Krishna Vamsi]]
| starring = Akkineni Nagarjuna [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
| music = [[Sandeep Chowta]]
| cinematography = K. Prasad
| editing = Shankar
| studio = [[Annapurna Studios]]
| distributor = B4U Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|1996|10|4|df=y}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Ninne Pelladata''''' ({{translation|'I will marry only you'}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)#Family drama|family drama]] film written and directed by [[Krishna Vamsi]] and produced by [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] under the [[Annapurna Studios]] banner. The film stars Nagarjuna and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], with music composed by [[Sandeep Chowta]], marking his debut in [[Telugu cinema]].

The film's production began after Nagarjuna got impressed by Krishna Vamsi's work in [[Gulabi (1995 film)|''Gulabi'']] (1995). Initially, Krishna Vamsi had developed an action-oriented script, but following feedback from ''Gulabi'', he shifted focus to a family-oriented drama.

''Ninne Pelladata has set many records during its theatrical run and'' became the highest grosser in Telugu cinema. It received several accolades, including the [[National Film Award for Best Telugu Feature Film|National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]]. The film was later dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Unnaiye Kalyanam Pannikiren'' and remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Preethsod Thappa]].''

==Plot==
Seenu, a cheerful young man, enjoys a happy life with his close-knit family and friends. His mother, Mahalakshmi, shares a special bond with him, and their family has a warm relationship with the neighboring Murthy family. Mahalakshmi, an aspiring pilot from [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]], moves to [[Hyderabad]] for [[flight training]] and stays with the Murthy family, where she grows fond of their familial atmosphere. Over time, she develops feelings for Seenu, who reciprocates her affection. With the approval of Seenu’s family, their marriage is arranged.

However, it is soon revealed that Mahalakshmi’s mother is the estranged sister of Seenu’s father, having married against her brothers' wishes, which created a longstanding family feud. This revelation complicates their relationship, as Mahalakshmi’s parents forcibly intervene and try to arrange her marriage to another man. Seenu and Mahalakshmi confront their families and urge them to reconcile. Their efforts lead to the resolution of the family conflict, allowing for the couple's marriage to proceed.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]] as Seenu
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Mahalakshmi "Pandu" (Voice by [[S. P. Sailaja]])
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Seenu's father
* [[Giri Babu]] as Hari
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Murthy
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Prasad, Mahalakshmi's father
* [[Brahmaji]] as Sivaji
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Bachi
* [[Ravi Teja]] as a bike racer who challenges Seenu
* [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
* [[Uttej]] as Anji
* [[Pruthviraj Balireddy|Prudhviraj]]
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Mahalakshmi
* [[Rama Prabha]] as Paapa
* [[Manju Bhargavi]] as Bhavani, Mahalakshmi's mother
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
* [[Shanoor Sana]]
* [[Ramaraju (actor)|Ramaraju]]
* Chitti
* Kadambari Kiran
* Geeta as Seenu's sister<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with YVS Chowdary by Jeevi |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/inter_yvschowdary.html |access-date=28 January 2019 |date=9 July 2002 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925185415/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/inter_yvschowdary.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
While [[Gulabi (1995 film)|''Gulabi'']] (1995) was still under production, director [[Krishna Vamsi]] caught the attention of [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], who expressed interest in collaborating with him. Impressed by a few songs from ''Gulabi'',

Initially, Krishna Vamsi developed a script featuring action and violence, scouting locations in [[Visakhapatnam]]. However, audience feedback about the violent tone of ''Gulabi'' led him to reconsider his approach. Seeking to distinguish his style from his mentor [[Ram Gopal Varma]]’s, Krishna Vamsi decided to create a family-oriented drama focusing on relationships and entertainment.

Krishna Vamsi completed the script in just 15 days and presented it to Nagarjuna. After a narration of the storyline, Nagarjuna approved the project. Krishna Vamsi aimed to incorporate Telugu cultural elements into the film.

=== Casting ===
Casting for the film involved extensive deliberation. The production team auditioned over 65 actresses before finalizing [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]. Krishna Vamsi met her in [[Mumbai]] and narrated the story amidst busy traffic. Tabu expressed enthusiasm for the role and later received a detailed script reading in [[Chennai|Madras]], after which she formally joined the project.

The onscreen chemistry between Nagarjuna and Tabu was widely appreciated by audience across all age groups.

The film's cinematography was handled by K. Prasad, with art direction by Peketi Ranga and editing by Shankar. [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]] served as the co-director.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ninne Pelladata
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sandeep Chowta]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = February 1996
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 33:21
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] {{small|(Original)}} Time Audio {{small|(Hindi)}}
| producer = [[Sandeep Chowta]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The music for the film was composed by [[Sandeep Chowta]], marking his debut as a film composer. The audio soundtrack was released under the [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] label.

===Track listing===
====Original version (Telugu)====
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Ninne Pelladata (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 33:21
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Yeto Vellipoyindi
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:36
| title2 = Greeku Veerudu
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra2 = [[Sowmya Raoh|Sowmya]]
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Naa Mogudu Rampyari
| lyrics3 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra3 = [[Malgudi Subha]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]], Rajesh Krishnan
| length3 = 5:02
| title4 = Kannulo Nee Roopame
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra|K.S. Chithra]]
| length4 = 5:21
| title5 = Inka Edho
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra5 = Hariharan, Sowmya
| length5 = 4:32
| title6 = Ninne Pelladesthanantu
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra6 = [[Jikki]], Sowmya, [[V. Ramakrishna|Ramakrishna]], [[Saandip]], Rajesh, Balaram
| length6 = 4:22
| title7 = Nathora Thamashalalo
| lyrics7 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra7 = Sanjeev Wadhwani, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length7 = 4:54
}}

====Tamil version====
{{Track listing
| headline = Unnaiye Kalyaanam Pannikkiren (Tamil dubbed)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 33:01
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Dhisai Maari poyaachu
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:36
| title2 = Grekku Veerano
| extra2 = [[Sowmya Raoh|Sowmya]]
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = En Purushan
| extra3 = [[Malgudi Subha]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], Rajesh Krishnan
| length3 = 4:55
| title4 = Kannukkul Un Uruvame
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length4 = 5:21
| title5 = Innum Yedho
| extra5 = Sowmya, Hariharan
| length5 = 4:30
| title6 = Kanne Unnai
| extra6 = Sowmya, Krishna Sundar, Rajesh Krishnan
| length6 = 4:22
| title7 = Ennoda Vaa
| extra7 = [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], Sanjeev Wadhwani
| length7 = 4:54
}}

====Hindi version====
{{Track listing
| headline = Jab Dil Kisi Pe Aata Hai (Hindi dubbed)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 33:01
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Yahin Kahin Khoya Hai
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:36
| title2 = Dream Boy
| extra2 = [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Ooyee Amma Ooyee Amma
| extra3 = [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], Shubha, Rajesh Krishnan
| length3 = 4:55
| title4 = Deewana Dil Kho Gaya
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Kavita Krishnamurthy
| length4 = 5:21
| title5 = Jawani Kyun Machal Rahi
| extra5 = Sowmya Raoh, Hariharan
| length5 = 4:30
| title6 = Chhupke Chhupke Hum Se
| extra6 = Sowmya, Krishna Sundar, Rajesh Krishnan
| length6 = 4:22
| title7 = Aa Jana Yeh Dil Hai
| extra7 = [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], Sanjeev Wadhwani
| length7 = 4:54
}}

==Box office ==
''Ninne Pelladatha'' was released on 4 October 1996 and became the highest grosser in Telugu cinema. The film created many area records across Telugu states. It had a 100-day run in 38 theatres and successfully completed silver jubilee. Ninne Pelladata was also the first Telugu film to gross over 1 crore in a single theatre (DEVI 70MM) in Hyderabad. It also set a new record in the [[Telangana|Nizam region]] by completing a 100-day run in seven theatres. The movie extended its huge commercial success in other states as well.

Ninne Pelladata had successfully completed 100 days run in Bangalore's Tribhuvan theatre which was regarded as one of the highest capacity theatres at the time.

Ninne Pelladata was dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Unnaiye Kalyanam Pannikiren'' and became commercially successful at the Tamil Nadu Box Office.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards are in Alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="3"| [[44th Filmfare Awards South|30 August 1997]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
| [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] ([[Annapurna Studios]])
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3b.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991103152849/http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3b.htm|archive-date=3 November 1999|title=Filmfare - South Special|date=3 November 1999|access-date=23 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
| [[Krishna Vamsi]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmfare.com/site/october97/south3c.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991013111210/http://filmfare.com/site/october97/south3c.htm|archive-date=13 October 1999|title=Filmfare - South Special|date=3 November 1999|access-date=23 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3e.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991103180423/http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3e.htm|archive-date=3 November 1999|title=Filmfare - South Special|date=3 November 1999|access-date=23 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[Nandi Awards]]
| rowspan="2"| 1997
| [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film]]
| ''Ninne Pelladata'' ([[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]])
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=23 August 2020|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]] for ("Yeto Vellipoyindi")
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[44th National Film Awards|15 July 1997]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
| [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Krishna Vamsi]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/73_44thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards 1997|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=23 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0359750}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Home Viewing Feature Film}}{{Nagarjuna (actor)}}{{Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishna Vamsi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sandeep Chowta]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1996 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1990s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Maldives]]
[[Category:1996 musical films]]

Jabili

2026-03-03T18:06:15Z

Ilushikpub: done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| italic_title =
| name = Jabili
| image = Jabili poster.jpg
| alt = Official poster
| caption =
| director = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| screenplay = S. V. Krishna Reddy
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = [[Janardhana Maharshi]]
}}
| story = Janardhana Maharshi
| producer = M. Arjuna Raju
| based_on =
| starring = Dilip Thadeshwar [[Rekha Vedavyas|Rekha]]
| music = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| cinematography = Sarat
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| studio = Roja Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2001|11|29|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jabili''''' ({{translation|Moon}}) is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]. The film stars Dilip Thadeshwar and [[Rekha Vedavyas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news148.html|title=SV Krishna Reddy to direct 'Jaabili'|date=25 July 2001|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601053244/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news148.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Dilip Thadeshwar as Hemanth
*[[Rekha Vedavyas|Rekha]] as Lavanya
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Lavanya's father
*[[Chalapati Rao]] as Hemanth's father
*[[Tanikella Bharani]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*Jogi Naidu
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikharjuna Rao]]
*[[Shanoor Sana|Sana]]
*[[Jayalalita]]
*[[M. S. Narayana]]
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy himself. Lyrics by [[Suddala Ashok Teja]], [[Veturi]] and [[Bhuvana Chandra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-jabili.html|title=Jabili - Jukebox|work=Idlebrain|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-date=24 October 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021024155929/http://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-jabili.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*"Ganga Yamuna Godari" - [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
*"Chiguraku Evaro" - [[P. Unnikrishnan]], K. S. Chitra
*"Vayasu Talupu Teriche - P. Unnikrishnan
*"Achamaina Telugu Bajji" - [[Udit Narayan]], Mahalakshmi
*"Jollu Jolly College" - [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
*"Pada Pada Nee" - [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Snehapanth

== Release ==
Despite being complete, the film had trouble finding buyers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news177.html|title=SV Krishna Reddy sells Jabili hard|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=22 November 2001|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202093735/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news177.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Gudipoodi Srihari of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that "The film goes haywire due to poor story and dialogues [...] A poor show unexpected of Krishna Reddy, where even the music too lacks the usual vigor and sense".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-jabili.html|date=29 November 2001|title=Unlikely flick from SVK|work=The Hindu|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530064427/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-jabili.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' said that "The story starts in the interval and drags till the climax. The only console in the film is occasional parallel comedy track by Brahmanandam. This film has no soul".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-jabili.html|title=Movie review - Jabili|date=29 November 2001|work=Idlebrain|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530064430/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-jabili.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' wrote "This simple and worn out story, despite the presence of the young and glamorous lead pair, lacks romantic touch. Even music doesn’t enhance the quality or the mood of the film that is expected with the title. The title has no relevance at all in the film".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/jabili.html|title=Jabili|last=CV|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=13 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606031557/http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/jabili.html|archive-date=6 June 2002}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "Jabili is nothing but remix of all the Chitram, Nuvvekavali, Manasantha nuvves together. He took some of the scenes from these films and made a film of his own style, which is so boring. And at the end he leaves hackneyed message that youngsters should stand on their feet before loving. Who needs a message, man?".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/reviews/jabili.html|title=Jabili- Eclipsed with bore!|last=Jalapathi|website=Indiainfo|access-date=28 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020205103730/http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/reviews/jabili.html|archive-date=5 February 2002}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]] - Ghalib

== References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1575575}}

{{S. V. Krishna Reddy}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]

Pudhiya Raagam

2026-03-03T05:00:26Z

Ilushikpub: Starting article!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pudhiya Raagam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Jayachitra]]
| writer = Jayachitra
| producer = Jayachitra
| starring = {{ubl|Jayachitra|[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]]|[[Raghuvaran]]}}
| cinematography = K. S. Mani V. Ranga [[B. S. Lokanath]]
| editing = P. Mohanraj
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Amresh Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|06|21}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pudhiya Raagam''''' ({{translation|New [[raga]]}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written, directed and produced by [[Jayachitra]], making her directorial debut with the film featuring herself in the lead role with her son [[Amresh Ganesh]] (portraying child artist), [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] and [[Raghuvaran]], with [[Rupini]], [[S. S. Chandran]], [[Chinni Jayanth]], [[Shafeeq (actor)|Varun Raj]] and [[Kovai Sarala]] playing supporting roles. The film was released on 21 June 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudhiya Raagam ( 1991 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/filmography.cgi?name=pudhiya%20raagam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812140805/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/filmography.cgi?name=pudhiya%20raagam |archive-date=12 August 2004 |access-date=26 January 2017 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=October 2022}}
The film starts with the famous singer Anuradha marrying Raghuraman. Four years later, Anuradha and Raghuraman are not happy with each other, and they don't have kids. Anuradha becomes a busy singer, while Raghuraman doesn't believe in hard work and wants to earn easy money. To finance his sister's wedding, Raghuraman starts to steal money from his wife and to sell her jewels without her knowledge. Even after Anuradha finally realises his trickery and lies, she can do nothing. Thereafter, Anuradha meets her former lover Raja who is now married and has a kid named Anu Mohan.

In the past, Anuradha helped Raja to become a good singer, Raja slowly fell in love with Anuradha. Whereas Raja's relative Sheela was in love with Raja and Sheela compelled him to marry her but Raja refused to marry her. After her suicide attempt, Raja was obliged to marry Sheela.

The situation gets tense when Raghuraman expels Anuradha's brother Gopi from the house and he openly confesses his affair to Anuradha with another woman. He is later arrested for fraud but Anuradha then brings out of the prison. Anuradha still likes her husband and she is determined to endure the suffering. Anuradha finds solace by playing with Raja's baby Anu Mohan, afterwards, Raja reveals that he is a widower. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Jayachitra]] as Anuradha
*[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Raja
*[[Raghuvaran]] as Raghuraman
*[[Rupini]] as Sheela
*[[Amresh Ganesh]] as Anu Mohan
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Jil
*[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Vivek
*[[Shafeeq (actor)|Varun Raj]] as Gopi
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Bulbul
*[[C. R. Saraswathi]] as Raghuraman's mother
*[[Prathapachandran]] as Raghuraman's father
*[[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as Tavil
*[[Gundu Kalyanam]] as Dholak
*[[Singamuthu]] as Clarinet
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*[[Pandari Bai]] as Thaiyamma
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Raja's grandmother
*[[T. S. Raghavendra]] as Raja's father
*[[Typist Gopu]]
*[[G. Srinivasan (actor)|G. Srinivasan]]
*Karikalan
*[[C. I. D. Sakunthala|A. Sakunthala]]
*Crazy Venkatesh as Venkatesh
*[[Gangai Amaran]] (cameo)
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] and Kanmani Subbu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puthiya Raagam (1991) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/puthiya-raagam-songs-T0002895 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316093032/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/puthiya-raagam-songs-T0002895 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudhiya Raagam Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/pudhiya-raagam-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018095053/https://mossymart.com/product/pudhiya-raagam-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |archive-date=18 October 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> For the dubbed Telugu version ''Anubandhalu'', all lyrics were written by [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubandhalu |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7N1lM2sJp3ncdVfejTSL2C |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220426040442/https://open.spotify.com/album/7N1lM2sJp3ncdVfejTSL2C |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref>

;Tamil
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Maalai Soodum" || [[K. S. Chithra]] || Kanmani Subbu || 4:38
|-
| "Vaadumo Oviyam" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 4:56
|-
| "Oh Janani" || Mano || Kanmani Subbu || 4:55
|-
| "Malligai Maalai Katti" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || rowspan=2|Vaali || 5:01
|-
| "Deivangal" || Mano, S. Janaki || 5:01
|}

;Telugu
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| "Paade Choodu" || [[S. Janaki]] || 4:41
|-
| "Oh Janani Naa Vani" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 4:39
|-
| "Padana Na Swaramu" || Mano, S. Janaki || 4:55
|-
| "Pachchani Pandarilona" || [[P. Susheela]] || 4:59
|-
| "Daivale Deevinchina" || Mano, S. Janaki || 5:00
|}

==Reception==
C. R. K. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of actors and Ilaiyaraaja's music but criticised the climax as unnecessary masala.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சி. ஆர். கே. |date=30 June 1991 |title=புதிய ராகம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-06-30/page/n65/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240510100726/https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-06-30/page/n65/mode/2up? |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1991 Indian films]]
[[Category:1991 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1991 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1991 drama films]]
[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ester Noronha

2026-02-25T01:16:21Z

Ilushikpub: basic adjust article for accuracy further and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|Indian actress and singer (born 1992)}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2024}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ester Noronha
| image = Ester Noronha, Indian film star.jpg
| caption = Noronha in 2018
| birth_name = Ester Valerie Noronha
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| education =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|director}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Noel Sean]]<ref name="Year"/>|2019|reason=div|2020}}<ref name="Div">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/wish-you-the-best-writes-noel-sean-after-divorce-from-ester-noronha-2288735 |title="Wish You the Best," Writes Noel Sean After Divorce from Ester Noronha |date=September 2020 |access-date=2022-07-11 |archive-date=2022-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711072846/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/wish-you-the-best-writes-noel-sean-after-divorce-from-ester-noronha-2288735 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''Ester Valerie Noronha''' is an Indian actress and director, who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], and [[Konkani cinema|Konkani]] films. She is known for her roles in ''[[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]'' (2014), [[Shakeela (film)|''Shakeela'']] (2020), [[Lanke (film)|''Lanke'']] (2021), ''Sophiya'', and the [[crime thriller]] series [[Recce (web series)|''Recce'']] (2022).

== Personal life ==
Noronha married singer and rapper [[Noel Sean]] in January 2019 after being engaged for a year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2020 |title=From being engaged for a year to calling it quits after a year of separation: A look back at Noel and Ester's journey to divorce |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/from-being-engaged-for-a-year-to-calling-it-quits-after-a-year-of-separation-a-look-back-at-noel-and-esters-journey-to-divorce/photostory/77869032.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Year">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2019 |title=Noel Sean and Ester Noronha tie the knot |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070119/noel-sean-and-ester-noronha-tie-the-knot.html |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030172058/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070119/noel-sean-and-ester-noronha-tie-the-knot.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 October 2020, they made it public on social media that they had been officially divorced after being separated for a year.<ref name="Div" />

==Career==
She was cast by director [[Teja (director)|Teja]] in his Telugu film ''[[1000 Abaddalu]]'' (2013). Noronha was immediately signed for ''[[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]'' opposite [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]].

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" "
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language(s)
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''Baromas''
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Hindi]]
|
|-
|''Mr. Money ''
|
|
|-
|''Qayamat Hi Qayamat''
|Rani
|
|-
|2013
|''[[1000 Abaddalu]]''
|Satya
| rowspan="2" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''[[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]''
|Nandini
|
|-
|''Usiriginta Neene Attira''
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Kannada]]
|
|-
|''Naavika''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''Jugari''
|
|[[Tulu language|Tulu]]
|
|-
|''Nagrik''
|
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Maajhi Aashiqui''
|
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''[[Garam (film)|Garam]]''
|
|Telugu
|Special appearance
|-
|''Nosibacho Khell''
|Sophia
|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]
|<ref>[https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=408922 Review : Noshibacho Khell movie sets benchmark in Konkani filmdom]</ref>
|-
|''[[Meen Kuzhambum Mann Paanaiyum]]''
|
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="5" |2017
|''Sophiya – A Dream Girl''
|
|Konkani
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konkani film wins Best Regional Film at Karnataka State Film Awards |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Konkani-film-wins-Best-Regional-Film-at-Karnataka-State-Film-Awards/138057 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=oHeraldo |date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607082411/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Konkani-film-wins-Best-Regional-Film-at-Karnataka-State-Film-Awards/138057 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jaya Janaki Nayaka]]''
|Manasa
|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Athiratha]]''
|
| rowspan="2" |Kannada
| Special appearance
|-
|''Nuggekai''
|
|
|-
|''[[Juliet Lover of Idiot]]''
|
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
| Special appearance
|-
|2018
|''Nayanam''
|
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Kantaar]] ''
|
|Konkani
|
|-
|2020
| ''[[Shakeela (film)|Shakeela]]''
|Suhana
| Hindi
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Lanke (film)|Lanke]]''
|
|Kannada
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
| ''Iravatham''
|Maya
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
|-
|''69 Sanskaar Colony''
|
|
|-
| ''DNA''
|
| rowspan="2" | Kannada
|
|-
|''Local Train''
|
|
|-
|''Hawayein''
|Veronica
|Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2023 || ''[[Changure Bangaru Raja]]'' || Varam || Telugu ||
|-
|''Inamdar''|| Silku || Kannada ||
|-
|''[[The Vacant House]]'' || Moha || Kannada Konkani || Also director, music director and costume designer
|-
|''[[Devil: The British Secret Agent]]'' || Rani || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
|2024
|''[[Tenant (film)|''Tenant'']]''
|Esther
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2025
|''[[Thala (2025 film)|Thala]]''
|
|
|-
|''Game of Loans''|| || Tamil ||
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
!Language(s)
|-
|2022
|[[Recce (web series)|''Recce'']]
|Rekha
|[[ZEE5]]
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|7529969}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Noronha, Ester}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mangalore]]
[[Category:Mangalorean Catholics]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Konkani cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Konkani-language film directors]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]

Anusha Hegde

2026-02-21T16:30:55Z

Ilushikpub:

{{Short description|Indian actress and choreographer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 5 September
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, choreographer
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = ''Radha Ramana'' ''Ninne Pelladatha'' ''[[Suryakantam (TV series)|Suryakantham]]'' ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]''
| notable_works =
}}

'''Anusha Hegde''' is an Indian actress and choreographer known for her work in Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil-language television shows and films.

== Early life and career ==
Anusha Hegde was born to a Tulu family in Puttur,Mangalore Region.<ref name="Interview">{{Cite news |date=9 December 2022 |title=நடிக்க வரலனா போலீஸ் அதிகாரி ஆகியிருப்பேன்..!|trans-title=If I didn't come to act, I would have become a police officer..!|work=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |pages=32–37 |language=Ta}}</ref> Her father Umesh Hegde was formerly a theatre artist.<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/anusha-hegde-on-playing-a-negative-role-on-tv/articleshow/63770621.cms|title=Anusha Hegde: When people walk up to me and ask 'why are you so evil? I feel thrilled!|work=The Times of India |date=April 16, 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> She completed a course in Yakshagana, the vidwat exam for Bharatanatyam, a master's in commerce and a master of arts in dance.<ref name="T"/> She was also an athlete in college.<ref name="Interview"/> She completed the Karnataka Public Service Commission exam and was on track to become an IPS when the editor of the Kannada serial ''Radha Ramana'' of [[Colors TV]] chanced upon her photos. She played Deepika, a negative role, in the serial.<ref name="T"/><ref name="Films">{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kannada/karnataka/sitara/tv-and-theater/anusha-hegde-different-look-in-telugu-serial/ka20200205195621533|title=ತೆಲುಗು ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ಲುಕ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಿಂಚುತ್ತಿರುವ ಕನ್ನಡ ಹುಡುಗಿ|date=February 5, 2020|website=ETV Bharat News|language=kn}}</ref> She received an offer to act in a Kannada mythological serial but since she acted in another serial for a Kannada channel prior, she was not allowed to accept the offer and shifted her focus to Hyderabad for Telugu serials.<ref name="Interview"/>

She also played lead roles in the Telugu serials ''Ninne Pelladatha'' as Mansi and in ''[[Suryakantam (TV series)|Suryakantham]]'' as DCP Suryakantam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/donning-a-new-avatar-568075|title=Donning a new avatar; Kannada actress Anusha|first=D. Shreya|last=Veronica|date=September 28, 2019|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> From 2022 to 2026, she played as ACP Eshwari in ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]'', making her debut in [[Tamil television drama|Tamil television]]. In 2025, she also played as Thulasi, a lookalike character of her onscreen character [[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Eshwari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jun/25/sun-tv-anandha-ragam-serial-anusha-hegde-act-dual-role|title=ஆனந்த ராகம் தொடரில் இரட்டை வேடத்தில் களமிறங்கும் அனுஷா!|date=June 25, 2025|language=ta|website=Dinamani}}</ref> Currently, she is seen portraying as IAS Pallavi in [[Udaya TV]] serial ''Anu Pallavi''.

== Personal life ==
Her father is a businessman. Her mother Swarnalatha does counseling for woman and children. She has a younger sister and younger brother. Her husband Pratap Singh is a Telugu serial actor for [[Gemini TV]] and acted in the film ''[[Bewars]]'' (2018).<ref name="Interview"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bigtvlive.com/entertainment/actors-anusha-hegde-prathap-singh-divorce-news-viral-check-details.html|title=Prathap - Anusha Hegde: సీరియల్ పెట్టిన చిచ్చు.. ఆ ఇద్దరూ విడాకులు? అసలేం జరిగిందంటే..|first=Lakshmi|last=Gunthoti|date=May 16, 2025|website=BigTvLive|language=te}}</ref> They met on the sets of ''Ninne Pelladatha'' and got engaged in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/radha-raman-serial-getting-engage-with-telugu-actor-pratap-singh/articleshow/71734454.cms|title=ಮದುವೆಯಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ 'ರಾಧಾ ರಮಣ' ಖ್ಯಾತಿಯ ದೀಪಿಕಾ; ಗಾಸಿಪ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ತೆರೆ ಎಳೆದ ಅನುಷಾ|date=December 28, 2018|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/love-story-revealed-telugu-star-abhi-pratap-singh-proposed-radha-ramana-serial-fame-anusha-hegde-sct-272801.html|title=ಕೊನೆಗೂ ಬಯಲಾಯ್ತು ಲವ್ ಸ್ಟೋರಿ; ಕನ್ನಡ ನಟಿಗೆ ವೇದಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲೇ ಪ್ರಪೋಸ್ ಮಾಡಿದ ತೆಲುಗು ಸ್ಟಾರ್|language=kn|work=[[News18]]|date=23 October 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''Note: all films are in Kannada, unless otherwise noted.''
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2016 || ''NH 37'' || || || rowspan="2"|<ref name="Films"/>
|-
| 2017 || ''Banna Bannada Baduku'' || || Also choreographer
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Network
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2017–2019|| ''Radha Ramana'' || Deepika || [[Colors Kannada]] || [[Kannada]] || Debut
|-
| 2018|| ''Ninne Pelladatha'' || Mansi || rowspan="2"|[[Zee Telugu]] || rowspan="2"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] || rowspan="4"|Lead role
|-
| 2019–2024 || ''[[Suryakantam (TV series)|Suryakantham]]'' || DCP Suryakantham aka Surya and Rangamma
|-
| 2022–2026 || ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]'' || ACP Eshwari "Esh" Azhagu Sundaram and Thulasi || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|2025–present || ''Anu Pallavi''|| IAS Pallavi|| [[Udaya TV]]|| [[Kannada]]
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Award
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Work
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Result
|-
|2019
|rowspan="3"|Zee Telugu Kutumbam Awards
|Zee Super Girl Award
|rowspan="3"|''[[Suryakantham (TV series)|Suryakantham]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2021
|Mondi Mogudu Penki Pellam
|{{won}}
|-
|2022
|Zee Telugu Velugu
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|rowspan="3"|[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]
|Sirandha Sagothari
|rowspan="3"|''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|Athiradi Nayagi
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="4"|2025
|Sirandha Sagothari
|{{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|9031763}}
*{{IMDb name|13368455}}

[[Category:Tulu actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

32Stitches

2026-02-16T00:44:18Z

Ilushikpub:

{{short description|Indian musician and DJ}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = 32Stitches
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Arpit Gawri
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], India
| origin =
| occupation = Music producer, DJ
| genre = [[Electronic music|Electronic]], [[Trap music (EDM)|trap]], [[future bass]], [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]
| years_active = 
| label = [[Sony Music|Sony]]
| website = 
}}
'''Arpit Gawri''', better known by his stage name '''32Stitches''', is a [[Mumbai]]-based [[electronic music]]ian, [[Disc jockey|DJ]], and [[record producer]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-32-stitches-redefines-the-adage-dogs-are-a-mans-best-friend-with-his-latest-single-fallout-5037421.html|title= Watch: 32Stitches redefines the adage 'Dogs are a man's best friend' with his latest single Fallout|date= 24 August 2018|work= [[Firstpost]]}}</ref> His music has been released on labels such as [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]], [[Trap Nation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenocturnaltimes.com/32stiches-hoober-reveal-astronomia-rendition-premiere/|title=32Stiches & Hoober Reveal "Astronomia" Rendition [Premiere]|date=2019-12-09|website=The Nocturnal Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> [[NoCopyrightSounds]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/32Stitches-Releases-Bass-Heavy-Single-OLYMPUS-20190710|title=32Stitches Releases Bass Heavy Single OLYMPUS|author=BWW News Desk|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> [[Sony Music]] and Music High Court.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.whyttmagazine.com/indias-finest-32-stitches/|title= India’s Finest 32 Stitches|date= 10 April 2018|work= WHYTT Magazine}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Born in [[Chandigarh]], Arpit studied at [[ILM Academy]]. He obtained his second audio engineering degree from [[Point Blank Music School]] in [[London]]. Following that, he made his initial performances in [[London]], [[Amsterdam]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://djmag.nl/features/12072017-1038/my-first-gig-arpit-gawri-aka-djproducer-32stitches-india|title= My First Gig Arpit Gawri aka DJ/producer 32Stitches (India)|date= 7 December 2017|work= [[DJ Mag]]|access-date= 14 October 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165059/https://djmag.nl/features/12072017-1038/my-first-gig-arpit-gawri-aka-djproducer-32stitches-india|archive-date= 14 October 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref>

He made his debut with Sony Music with the release of "Last Time" in 2016, and also co-founded his own record label and live experience brand Music High Court.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

In 2017, he performed alongside [[San Holo]] and Droeloe at their debut show in India, and also performed at the Run the Trap showcase in Mumbai along with Fabian Mazur and LUUDE later that year,<ref>{{cite news|url= https://guestlist.net/article/92767/future-bass-pop-producer-32stitches-shares-new-single-remember-this|title= FUTURE BASS-POP PRODUCER 32STITCHES SHARES NEW SINGLE 'REMEMBER THIS'|date= 1 February 2018|work= Guestlist.net}}</ref> along with a debut show at [[Amsterdam Dance Event]] After Party the same year.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/02/32stitches-remember-this.html|title= 32Stitches - Remember This|date= 5 February 2018|work= [[Paste (magazine)|Paste Magazine]]}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}

== Performances ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2026}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Performances
!Date
!City
!Country
!Event
!Notes
|-
|11 September 2014
|London
|United Kingdom
|Bring the Noise
|
|-
|6 October 2017
|Delhi
|India
|[[San Holo]] & DROELOE Debut Show
|Support artist
|-
|22 October 2017
|Amsterdam
|Netherlands
|Afterparty for [[Amsterdam Dance Event]]
|
|-
|2 December 2017
|Mumbai
|India
|Run the Trap Showcase
|Alongside Fabian Mazur, Holly, LUUDE
|-
|12 May 2018
|Chandigarh
|India
|Trap Haveli
|
|-
|30 November 2018
|Delhi
|India
|Music High Court Throwdown
|Support artist for ATLiens
|-
|2 December 2018
|Pune
|India
|Music High Court Throwdown
|Support artist for ATLiens
|-
|10 February 2019
|Bangalore
|India
|Music High Court Throwdown
|Support artist for TroyBoi
|-
|4 April 2019
|Mumbai
|India
|Music High Court Throwdown
|Alongside NXSTY
|-
|5 April 2019
|Delhi
|India
|Music High Court Throwdown
|Alongside NXSTY
|-
|19 October 2019
|Amsterdam
|Netherlands
|Music High Court showcase at [[Amsterdam Dance Event]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://runthetrap.com/2019/10/10/these-are-the-events-at-ade-that-you-dont-want-to-miss/|title=Must See Underground & Bass Music Events at ADE 2019|date=2019-10-10|website=Run The Trap: The Best EDM, Hip Hop & Trap Music|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>
|Alongside [[K?d|K?D]], Snavs, PLS&TY, Tisoki, Holly
|-
|13 December 2019
|Chandigarh
|India
|Social Represent
|
|-
|4 January 2020
|Hyderabad
|India
|Headline Show
|
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ 32Stitches Discography
|-
! style="background:#b0c4de;" | Song
! style="background:#b0c4de;" | Record Label
! style="background:#b0c4de;" | Release Date
! style="background:#b0c4de;" | Notes
|-
| ''Memoir'' || 32Stitches ||15 March 2016 ||
|-
| ''Last Time'' || [[Sony Music]]/The Groove Society ||8 August 2016 ||
|-
| ''Tom & Hills - Lies''<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.youredm.com/2017/04/17/tom-hills-ft-cosmos-lies-32stitches-remix/|title= TOM & HILLS FT. COSMOS – LIES (32STITCHES REMIX)|date= 17 April 2017|work= Your EDM}}</ref> || [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] ||10 April 2017 || 32Stitches Remix
|-
| ''Keeper of the Realm''<ref>{{cite news|url= https://themusicessentials.com/32stitches-keeper-realm|title= 32Stitches – Keeper of the Realm|date= 14 November 2017|work= Music Essentials|access-date= 14 October 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130129/https://themusicessentials.com/32stitches-keeper-realm|archive-date= 14 October 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> || Artist Intelligence Agency / EDM.com ||30 October 2017 ||
|-
| ''Remember This''<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.clashmusic.com/news/listen-32stitches-remember-this|title= Listen: 32Stitches - 'Remember This'|date= 19 February 2018|work= [[Clash (magazine)|Clash Magazine]]}}</ref> || 32Stitches ||9 February 2018 ||
|-
| ''Remember This'' || 32Stitches ||27 April 2018 || JustLuke Remix
|-
| ''Fallout''<ref>{{cite web|url= https://glamglare.com/music/2018/06/12/song-pick-32stitches-fallout/|title= SONG PICK: 32Stitches – Fallout
|date= 12 June 2018|work= Glam Glare}}</ref> ||Music High Court||8 June 2018 ||
|-
| ''Between Us''<ref>{{cite news|url= https://edmli.com/2018/08/03/32stitches-unveils-an-eclectic-single-featuring-krysta-youngs/|title= 32Stitches Unveils An Eclectic Single Featuring Krysta Youngs|date= 3 August 2018|work= EDM LI}}</ref> || Illicit/Dance Fruits Music ||20 July 2018 || feat. Krysta Youngs
|-
| ''Fallout (Remixes)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edmsauce.com/2018/08/24/32stitches-fallout-beauz-remix-edm-sauce-premiere/|title=32Stitches - Fallout (BEAUZ Remix) [EDM Sauce Premiere]|last=R|first=Dylan|date=2018-08-24|website=EDM Sauce|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>||Music High Court<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discobelle.net/2018/08/24/32stitches-fallout-zeus-crona/|title=[Premiere] 32Stitches – Fallout (Zeus X Crona Remix)|date=2018-08-24|website=Discobelle.net|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>||24 August 2018 || Remixed by Beauz, Far & Few, Zeus x Crona
|-
|Do to You
|32Stitches
|4 December 2018
|
|-
|Heroes
|Hinky/Dance Fruits Music
|29 March 2019
|feat. William Barry
|-
|Need You<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edm.com/music-releases/32stitches-need-you-elixir-records|title=32Stitches is Coming in Hot with New Single "Need You" on Elixir Records|last=Partners|first=EDM com-Music|website=EDM.com - The Latest Electronic Dance Music News, Reviews & Artists|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
|Elixir
|22 May 2019
|
|-
|Are We There Yet<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenocturnaltimes.com/32-stitches-baer-belt-out-are-we-there-yet-premiere/|title=32Stitches & BAER Belt out "Are We There Yet" [Premiere]|last=O'Keefe|first=Ariana|date=2019-06-13|website=The Nocturnal Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
|Hinky/Dance Fruits Music
|14 June 2019
|feat. BAER
|-
|Olympus<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edm.com/music-releases/32stitches-olympus|title=32Stitches Gives Us The Video Game-Inspired Track We've Been Waiting For|last=Kupfer|first=Rachel|website=EDM.com - The Latest Electronic Dance Music News, Reviews & Artists|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
|[[NoCopyrightSounds]]
|10 July 2019
|
|-
|Horror Show<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thissongslaps.com/2019/09/tss-premiere-32stitches-horror-show/|title=[TSS Premiere] 32Stitches Celebrates Friday The 13th With Chilling Single, "Horror Show"|date=2019-09-13|website=thissongslaps.com - Electronic Dance Music & Hip-Hop Media|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
|Music High Court
|13 September 2019
|
|-
|Astronomia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edmsauce.com/2019/12/11/32stitches-hoober-astronomia/|title=32Stitches & Hoober - Astronomia|last=R|first=Dylan|date=2019-12-11|website=EDM Sauce|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
|Lowly Palace/[[Trap Nation]]
|11 December 2019
|with Hoober ([[Tony Igy]] Cover)
|-
|Rest in Paradise
|Magic Music
|15 January 2020
|feat. Krysta Youngs & Julia Ross
|-
|Youth
|Tribal Trap
|24 April 2020
|
|-
|Requiem for a Dream
|Lowly Palace/[[Trap Nation]]
|20 May 2020
|
|-
|Wake Me Up When September Ends
|Magic Music
|6 August 2020
|feat. Myah Marie ([[Green Day]] Cover)
|-
|In Between
|Music High Court
|11 September 2020
|feat. BAER
|-
|Absorb
|Elysian Records
|25 September 2020
|
|-
|Uncharted
|[[NoCopyrightSounds]]
|18 February 2021
|
|-
|Freedom
|[[NoCopyrightSounds]]
|2 September 2022
|feat. Chenda & Harley Bird
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian DJs]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:NoCopyrightSounds artists]]
[[Category:Future bass musicians]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music DJs]]
[[Category:EDM trap musicians]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

Saradananda

2026-02-11T21:25:51Z

Ilushikpub: quick update

{{Short description|Indian Monastic yogi (1865-1927)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{religious text primary|date=May 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
}}

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Saradananda
| image = Swami saradananda3.jpg
| caption = Swami Saradananda
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1865|12|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| birth_name = Sarat Chandra Chakraborty
| death_date = {{death date and age|1927|8|19|1865|12|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], British India (now West Bengal, India)
| guru = [[Ramakrishna Paramahansa]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| honors =
| footnotes =
| disciples = [[Bhuteshananda]] and others.
}}
{{quote box|width=22em|title=Quotation|quote=''Through selfless work the mind gets purified. And when the mind becomes pure, there arise knowledge and devotion in it.''}}
'''Saradananda''' (23 December 1865 – 19 August 1927), also known as '''Swami Saradananda''', was born as Sarat Chandra Chakravarty in 1865, and was one of the direct monastic disciples of [[Ramakrishna]]. He was the first Secretary of the [[Ramakrishna Math]] and [[Ramakrishna Mission]], a post which he held until his death in 1927.<ref>{{Cite web |last=donationsbm |title=Belur Math – Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Home Page |url=https://belurmath.org/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Belur Math – Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission |language=en-US}}</ref> He established the Udbodhan house in the [[Bagbazar]] area of Calcutta, which was built primarily for the stay of [[Sri Sarada Devi]] in Calcutta, from where he used to publish the Bengali magazine ''Udbodhan''. There he wrote ''Sri Sri Ramakrishna Lilaprasanga'' in Bengali, on the life of Ramakrishna, which was translated into English as ''[[Sri Ramakrishna, the Great Master]]''. He is believed to be [[reincarnation]] of [[Saint Peter]] ([[Apostles in the New Testament|Direct apostle]] of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]]) and he allegedly went into [[Samadhi]] when he was in the [[St. Peter's Basilica|Saint Peter Church]] and said that "I remembered my past" and wrote in his diary that "Saint Peter again."<ref>{{Citation|title=শ্রীরামকৃষ্ণ পার্ষদ স্বামী সারদানন্দ জী {{!}} স্বামী বলভদ্রানন্দ {{!}} Belur Math| date=19 January 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSeGSvJhw_Y|language=en|access-date=2021-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archived |url=https://shop.advaitaashrama.org/product/swami-saradananda-smritikatha/ |website=shop.advaitaashrama.org |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110082437/https://shop.advaitaashrama.org/product/swami-saradananda-smritikatha/ |archive-date=10 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early years===
Sarat Chandra Chakravarti (b. 23 December 1865) was born in Amherst Street, Calcutta to a rich and orthodox Brahmin family. His cousin was Shashi, later known as [[Ramakrishnananda]]. His grandfather was a Sanskrit scholar with a religious disposition. Sarat Chandra's father was the co-owner of a pharmacy and was very rich.

After his initiation according to the customs of the Hindu Brahmin caste, he worshipped regularly in the family shrine.<ref name="Ashrama">''The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna'' (1943), published by Advaita Ashrama, Mayawati.</ref>{{rp|49}} He sometimes would give away his personal belongings to the poor and needy.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|50}} Sarat Chandra helped the ill, even if they had [[contagious disease]]s.<ref>[http://www.rkmfiji.org/node/44 RKM Fiji] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324204230/http://www.rkmfiji.org/node/44 |date=24 March 2012}}</ref> He nursed a poor maid servant who was left to die by her master as she suffered from cholera, and also performed her last rites when she died.<ref>Swami Chetanananda, They Lived with God, Vedanta Society of St. Louis, St. Louis, 1989.</ref>

As he grew up, he came under the influence of [[Brahmo]] leader [[Keshab Chandra Sen]]. He began to be actively associated with the [[Brahmo Samaj]]. In 1882, he passed the school-leaving examination and was admitted to [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xaviers College]].

===Influence of Ramakrishna===
[[File:Vivekananda Baranagar 1887.jpg|thumb|250px|Group photo taken on 30 January 1887 In [[Baranagar Math]], Kolkata.]]
'''Standing''': (l–r) [[Shivananda]], [[Ramakrishnananda]], [[Vivekananda]], Randhuni, Debendranath Majumdar, [[Mahendranath Gupta]] (Shri M), [[Trigunatitananda]], H.Mustafi '''Sitting''': (l–r) [[Swami Niranjanananda (Niranjan Maharaj)|Niranjanananda]], Saradananda, Hutko Gopal, [[Abhedananda]].

In October 1883 Sarat and Shashi went to [[Dakshineswar]] to meet Ramakrishna, who was speaking to a general audience on the subject of marriage and renunciation. Sarat visited Dakshineswar temple to meet Ramakrishna every Thursday and as he got more closely acquainted with him, he began to get directions on spiritual practices. On one occasion, the master had asked him, "How would you like to realize God?". The disciple replied, "I would not like to see any particular form of God in meditation. I want to see him manifested in all creatures of the world."<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|55}}

Sarat passed the First Arts examination in 1885. His father wanted him to study medicine. However, he gave it up and devoted his time in nursing Ramakrishna, first in Shyampukur and then in Cossipore garden house, when the latter was critically ill. After the death of Ramakrishna, Sarat at first came back to his house but then joined the Baranagar Math along with his other brother disciples, accompanied by his cousin Shashi.

===Relationship with Vivekananda===
Sarat had met [[Narendranath Dutta]], who later became famous as [[Swami Vivekananda]], and found him conceited, even before he came to Ramakrishna, in one of his friend's house. When Ramakrishna praised a certain Narendranath, Sarat expressed the desire of meeting him, and was surprised to identify him as his earlier conceited acquaintance. Their relationship soon matured into a very close friendship which lasted until death.

On Narendranath's recommendation, Sarat joined Calcutta Medical College to study medicine. He gave it up on hearing about Ramakrishna's illness and joined Narendra and a group of young devotees to nurse him.

When he started the Ramakrishna Mission, [[Vivekananda]] made Sarat or Saradananda, its first secretary. After the death of Swami Brahmananda, the first president of Ramakrishna Math and Mission, when it was proposed to make Saradananda the next president he declined on the ground that he had been made secretary by Vivekananda and would continue in that post.

===Life of a wandering ascetic===
In Baranagar Math, the young monastic disciples had to go through a strenuous life of ascetism and penance, sometimes going without food and other necessities of life. Sarat Chandra would often go to meditate in Dakshineswar, sometimes, alone, at other times with Narendranath. Sarat would volunteer for jobs which needed strong labour, like sweeping, cleaning and washing, as well as nursing any indisposed brother disciple.<ref>Reminiscences of Swami Saradanandaji, by Bhuteshananda, published in Vedanta Keshari</ref> Saradananda was a strict [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>Abhedānanda, Swami. (1970).''Complete Works of Swami Abhedananda, Volume 10''. Ramakrishna Vedanta Math. p. 12</ref>

After the young disciples took formal [[Sannyas]] or renunciation, Sarat was given the name "Saradananda". He travelled to [[Puri]] and then to Northern India, including [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Ayodhya]] and [[Rishikesh]]. He also travelled to [[Gangotri]], [[Kedarnath]] and [[Badrinath]], the three sacred places of pilgrimage on the [[Himalayas]]. In the course of this pilgrimage he had to sometimes go without food and even without shelter, often finding himself in perilous situation.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|67}}

After visiting Kedarnath, Tunganath and Badrinath, in 1890 Saradananda came to Almora and took up residence in the house of a devotee, Lala Badrinath Shah. He met Vivekananda there, and together they started for [[Garhwal Himalaya|Garhwal]]. From there he came to Rajpur near [[Mussoorie|Mussouri]] and met [[Turiyananda]], another brother disciple with whom he had gone to [[Kedarnath]]. He then went to [[Rishikesh]] and there at [[Kankhal]] met Swami Brahmananda, or Rakhal Maharaj, another brother disciple. After that, he first went to [[Meerut]] to meet Vivekananda and then to [[Delhi]] along with him, where the later separated from his brother disciples. Only after six years, Saradananda met Vivekananda again; on his bidding, Saradananda went to [[London]] to preach Vedanta.

From Delhi, he went to Benaras and stayed there for some time, met [[Swami Abhedananda]], another brother disciple, and also initiated a young monk, who was later named as Swami Sacchidananda. He fell ill with blood dysentery in Benares and came back to the Baranagar monastery in 1891. Subsequently, after recovering he traveled to [[Jayrambati]], the birthplace of [[Sri Sarada Devi]], where she was staying. Later he came back to Calcutta and the monastery of Ramakrishna shifted to Alambazar, a place near Dakshineswar in 1892.

In 1893 the news reached the brothers of the success of Vivekananda in the [[Parliament of the World's Religions]], in Chicago. Vivekananda then called for the participation of his brother disciples in his mission of preaching Vedanta to the West and raising money for welfare activities in India. Saradananda responded to his call and traveled for London in 1896.

===Preaching Vedanta in the West===
Saradananda delivered a few lectures in London but was soon sent to New York where the [[Vedanta]] Society was established.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|72}} He was invited to be a teacher at the Greenacre Conference of Comparative Religions where he began his work with a lecture on the Vedanta and classes on Yoga. Towards the end of the conference he was invited to speak in Brooklyn, New York and Boston. At Brooklyn Ethical Association he lectured on ethical ideals of Hindus. He settled in New York to carry out the Vedanta movement in an organised way. He sailed back for India on 12 January 1898 and visited London, Paris and Rome on the way.

===Ramakrishna Mission and his work===
When [[Ramakrishna Mission]] was first established by Vivekananda, he made Saradananda the secretary of the Math and Mission, a post which the later held for thirty years till his death. On his return from the West, Saradananda gave a series of lectures in Albert Hall in Calcutta on Vedanta. During the early days of the organisation he came under suspicion for harbouring freedom fighters, some of whom took refuge with the organisation.<ref>[http://www.eng.vedanta.ru/library/prabuddha_bharata/2007_Jan_the_contemplative_tradition_in_the_ramakrishna_order_4.php Prabuddha Bharat]</ref> Under the effective guidance of the [[Sarada Devi]], Saradananda approached the then viceroy and presented his case. Thereafter, the Government relented.

In 1899, plague broke out in Calcutta and Ramakrishna Mission organised relief. Saradananda was involved in relief work with the help of [[Sister Nivedita]] and other brother monks of the order.

In 1899, he traveled to Gujarat along with [[Swami Turiyananda]] to collect funds for the Mission and extensively toured various parts including Ahmedabad, Junagarh, Bhavnagar etc. He gave lectures in Hindi.

After Vivekananda's second departure to West, he also started training young monks.

In December 1899 he went to [[Dhaka|Dacca]], [[Barisal]] and [[Narayanganj|Narayangunj]] on an invitation and there stayed in the house of [[Ashwini Kumar Dutta]]. He also gave many lectures.

After his return to Calcutta, he became interested in the [[Tantrika]] form of worship under the guidance of his uncle Ishwar Chandra Chakravarty. After this experience he wrote a book "Bharate Shakti Puja" or "The worship of divine mother in India".

In 1902, after Vivekananda's death, Saradananda took up the job of managing day-to-day affairs of Belur Math and also that of editing and publishing [[Udbodhan]], a Bengali magazine started by the former. He wrote articles, arranged for funding and supervised operations. Gradually, the financial health of the magazine was restored. He constructed a house for the holy mother by taking a loan and to repay the loan started writing his magnum opus "Sri Sri Ramakrishna Lilaprasanga" or "[[Ramakrishna, the Great Master]]", a biography and life of [[Ramakrishna]]. The Udbodhan office started in the new building towards 1908.

In 1909 two co-accused in [[Emperor v. Aurobindo Ghosh and others|Maniktola Bomb Case]], Devavrata Bose and Sachindranath Sen, came to join the Ramakrishna order, giving up their political activities. Despite opposition from the senior monks and the risk of affronting the British Government, Saradananda took full responsibility and accepted both of them into the order and met highly placed Government officials for explaining his position.

In 1913 under him, Ramakrishna Mission started relief operations when a major flood broke out in Burdwan district of Bengal, collecting funds and organizing relief work.

In 1916, he went for a pilgrimage to Gaya, Benares, Vrindaban and returned after 2 months.

After the death of Sarada Devi in 1920 and Swami Brahmananda in 1922, Saradananda gradually withdrew from active work.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|92}} His primary engagement at this time was the construction of a temple for Sarada Devi in [[Jayrambati]], and another one in [[Belur Math]], on the place where she was cremated. The temple in Belur Math was constructed in 1921 and that in Jairambati was commissioned in April 1923.

The Ramakrishna Mission Convention at Belur Math was held in 1926, a meeting of the monks of Ramakrishna Math and Mission Centres from all over the world. Saradananda gave the welcome address, in which he put up a warning note of the dangers of complacency and exhorted the monks to stick to the ideals of the founding members.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|97}}
At the end of the convention, he appointed a committee to deal with the day-to-day work of the mission. After the convention, he almost retired from an active life, devoting more and more time to meditation.

===Responsibility of Sarada Devi===
While in the course of managing Udbodhan, He felt the need to construct a house for Sarada Devi, who had to stay in the house of lay devotees in Calcutta. He bought a house in Bagbazar area and used its downstairs for publishing and running the operation of the magazine and the upstairs as the abode of Sarada Devi and her devotees, and her shrine. At that time this was known as the "mother's house" and now it is known as the "Udbodhan house". Sarada Devi came to this house for the first time on 23 May 1909. Saradananda was very devoted to her and called himself her "doorkeeper". He not only looked after her, but also after her family: brothers and nieces as well as the devotees, including many women. He bore the financial as well as other responsibilities willingly. Sarada Devi had great trust in him as she herself said that "It is not easy to bear my burden, only Sarat can do it."<ref>Gospels of Holy Mother, by Udbodhan publishers</ref> If she suffered from illness while staying in [[Jairambati]], her native place, Swami Saradananda would come down along with the doctor for her medical treatment. When she was terminally ill in Jairambati, he made arrangements to bring her to Calcutta, where she underwent treatment for five months. He also took up all responsibilities for building her temple and shrine in Jairambati after she died. He continued to take up the responsibility of her family members till his death.

===Afflictions and death===
Saradananda suffered from kidney trouble in 1914. He suffered from various other ailments, and after his retirement from an active life in 1926 his afflictions got more serious. On 6 August 1927, he suffered an attack, which the doctors diagnosed as [[apoplexy]]. He never recovered consciousness, and died on 19 August.

===Character and legacy===

====Compassion and kindness====
Saradananda was known for his judgement, patience and heart.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|73}} He had a personality which won him many admirers and friends in India and in the West. It is said that one day Ramakrishna, in a state of ecstasy, had sat on the lap of young Sarat and told that, ''I was testing how much burden he could bear''.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|75}}
He also had compassion for several mentally handicapped persons, whom he provided for. He also took up the responsibility of nursing his brother disciples and many lay persons when they were ill. He listened to everybody with equal concern and gave importance to everybody's opinion. He was also very sensitive to the feelings of the others.

====Bravery and indifference====
He was said to be intrepid in nature. In one incident in Kashmir when the horse of the coach in which he was travelling fell into an abyss, he was saved, but he never lost his equanimity and later said that he was a dispassionate observer of the incident.<ref>[http://www.abuddhistlibrary.com/Buddhism/H%20-%20World%20Religions%20and%20Poetry/World%20Religions/From%20the%20Indian%20Tradition/Teachers%20from%20the%20Indian%20Tradition/The%20Direct%20Disciples%20of%20Sri%20Ramakrishna/Life%20and%20Teachings/life_directdisciples.htm#Swami_Saradananda BuddhistLibrary.com]</ref> When the ship in which he was travelling to London was caught in a cyclone in Mediterranean he watched the entire episode calmly and in a detached manner even when his copassengers were mortally afraid.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|76}}
He was indifferent to the apparent faults and weaknesses of the people with whom he worked.

====Impartiality and detachment====
Saradananda was also known for his impartial decisions and hence was required to resolve conflicts.
He wrote the book "Sri Sri Ramakrishna Lila Prasanga" in a little room in Udbodhan house while managing the operations of the magazine, overseeing the work of Ramakrishna Mission and looking after the holy mother and devotees, in a dispassionate and detached way.
After the new administrative body of Ramakrishnia Mission was formed in 1926, Saradananda completely detached himself from all activities of the Mission and took to the life of meditation and contemplation.

====Legacy====
He proved his mettle as an organiser. By the time of his death, there were many Ramakrishna Mission centres, throughout India and abroad. In addition to the regular work of the centre, there were relief works and also that of publishing the magazine Udbodhan, writing books and articles, arranging for finances, looking after the spiritual needs of the aspirants, young monks and the devotees, and also looking after the needs of the holy mother's family members. After the death of the holy mother, the women devotees found solace in his company.
Once an attendant asked him about his spiritual progress, to which he replied, ''Did we cut grass in Dakshineswar?'', referring to the period of his association with Ramakrishna. He himself mentioned that whatever he had written in the book "Sri Ramakrishna, the great master", on spiritual experiences, were through direct realisation and not from hearsay.<ref name="Ashrama"/>{{rp|104}}

There is a building named Saradananda Bhavana at Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur and a dormitory named Saradananda Dham at Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Deoghar, which are consecrated in his holy name.

====Quotations====
* Through selfless work the mind gets purified. And when the mind becomes pure, there arise knowledge and devotion in it.
* Whatever work stands in the way of God-realization and increases discontent is bad work. You should wholly discard it.
* The Ramakrishna Mission does not like to express any opinion, good or bad, about political discussions, for the Master did not instruct us to do anything of the kind, and Swamiji asked the Mission to keep itself aloof from such effort. That is why the Mission has been all along engaging itself in spirituality and service to humanity.
* Now-a-days there are so many religious societies, but people lose all interest in them after a few days. What is the reason for this? The reason is our words are not in accord with our thoughts. The first step in religion is to be sincere to the core.<ref>[http://www.rkmchennai.org/sar_7.html Saradananda, RKM Chennai] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601031758/http://www.rkmchennai.org/sar_7.html |date=1 June 2007 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://belurmath.org/swami-saradananda/ Swami Saradananda Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918123620/https://belurmath.org/swami-saradananda/ |date=18 September 2018 }}
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Swami Saradananda}}
* [http://www.abuddhistlibrary.com/Buddhism/H%20-%20World%20Religions%20and%20Poetry/World%20Religions/From%20the%20Indian%20Tradition/Teachers%20from%20the%20Indian%20Tradition/The%20Direct%20Disciples%20of%20Sri%20Ramakrishna/Life%20and%20Teachings/life_directdisciples.htm#Swami_Saradananda Swami Saradananda] on BuddhistLibrary.com

{{Ramakrishna}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saradananda}}

[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu missionaries]]
[[Category:Missionaries in India]]
[[Category:1865 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission]]

Thomas Kailath

2026-02-11T05:47:30Z

Ilushikpub: small edit

{{Short description|Indian-American engineer}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Thomas Kailath
| image = Thomas Kailath profile.jpg
| caption = Kailath in 2007 at the [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] ceremony.
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|6|7}}
| birth_place = [[Poona]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = {{plainlist|
*[[Control theory]]
*[[Information theory]]
}}
| work_institution = [[Stanford University]]
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
*[[College of Engineering, Pune|Government College of Engineering at Pune]] {{small|(B.S.)}}
*[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] {{small|(M.S), (ScD)}}
}}
| doctoral_advisor = [[John Wozencraft]]
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal]] {{small|(1995)}}
*[[Claude E. Shannon Award]] {{small|(2000)}}
*[[IEEE Medal of Honor]] {{small|(2007)}}
*[[Padma Bhushan]] {{small|(2009)}}
*[[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] {{small|(2009)}}
*[[National Medal of Science]] {{small|(2012)}}
*[[Marconi Prize|Marconi Society Lifetime Achievement Award]] {{small|(2017)}}
}}
| doctoral_students = {{plainlist|
*[[Babak Hassibi]]
*[[Ali H. Sayed]]
*[[John Cioffi]]
}}
| thesis_url = https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/11319?show=full
| thesis_title = Communication via randomly varying channels
| thesis_year = 1961
}}

'''Thomas Kailath''' (born June 7, 1935) is an Indian-American [[electrical engineer]], [[information theorist]], [[control engineer]], [[entrepreneur]] and the Hitachi America Professor of Engineering [[emeritus]] at [[Stanford University]]. Professor Kailath has authored several books, including the well-known ''Linear Systems''.

Kailath was elected as a member of the US [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 1984 for outstanding contributions in prediction, filtering, and [[signal processing]], and for leadership in engineering. Kailath is listed as an [[ISI highly cited researcher]] and is generally recognized as one of the preeminent figures of twentieth-century electrical engineering.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Kailath, Thomas, ISI Highly Cited Researchers | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060304073737/http://hcr3.isiknowledge.com/author.cgi?&link1=Browse&link2=Results&id=2563|archive-date=March 4, 2006| url= https://hcr3.isiknowledge.com/author.cgi?&link1=Browse&link2=Results&id=2563 | access-date = 2009-06-20 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
Kailath was born in 1935 in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], to a [[Malayalis|Malayali]] [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Syrian Christian]] family from [[Kerala]].<ref name=DNA>Kulthe, Bhagyashree (dec 19th 2009) "2 Institutions bring Kailath to Pune", in DNA: Daily News & Analysis newspaper</ref> He studied at [[St. Vincent's High School]], Pune and received his [[Bachelor's degree]] in telecommunications engineering from the [[College of Engineering, Pune|Government College of Engineering]], [[University of Pune]] in 1956. He earned his [[Master's degree]] in 1959 and [[doctorate]] (ScD) in 1961 from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), becoming the first India-born student to receive a doctorate in [[electrical engineering]] from the institution.<ref name="Spectrum">{{Cite news |last=Perry |first=Tekla S. |date=May 2007 |title=Medal of Honor: Thomas Kailath |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/medal-of-honor-thomas-kailath |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515081942/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may07/5043 |archive-date=2007-05-15 |periodical=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |pages=44–47 |volume=44 |issue=5 |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2007.352532}}</ref>

Kailath is the Hitachi America Professor of Engineering [[emeritus]] at [[Stanford University]], where he has supervised about 80 Ph.D. theses. Kailath's research work has encompassed linear systems, [[estimation theory|estimation]] and [[control theory]], [[signal processing]], [[information theory]] and [[semiconductor device fabrication]].<ref name="Spectrum"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kailath |first1=T. |title=The innovations approach to detection and estimation theory |journal=[[Proceedings of the IEEE]] |date=1970 |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=680–695 |doi=10.1109/PROC.1970.7723}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Paulraj |editor1-first=Arogyaswami |editor2-last=Roychowdhury |editor2-first=Vwani |editor3-last=Schaper |editor3-first=Charles D. |title=Communications, Computation, Control, and Signal Processing: a tribute to Thomas Kailath |date=2012 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |isbn=9781461562818}}</ref>

In addition to academic work. Kailath has also co-founded several high-technology companies, including Integrated Systems (founded in 1980 and merged with WindRiver Systems in 1999), Numerical Technologies (founded in 1995 and acquired by [[Synopsys]]), and Excess Bandwidth Corporation (founded in 1998 and acquired by Virata Corporation in 2000, which itself merged with Globespan in 2001 and is now [[Conexant]]).

==Honors and Recognition==

Kailath was elected a Fellow of the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) in 1970. He is a member of the US [[National Academy of Engineering]] (NAE), the US [[National Academy of Sciences]] (NAS), [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (AAAS), the Indian National Academy of Engineering and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/bios/2007_Bios/2007moh-Kailath.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122161750/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/bios/2007_Bios/2007moh-Kailath.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 22, 2008|title=Thomas Kailath|access-date=2007-05-23|publisher=[[IEEE]]}}</ref>

Kailath was awarded the 2007 [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] for "exceptional development of powerful [[algorithms]] in the fields of communications, computing, control and signal processing",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/mohpr.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923041815/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/mohpr.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 23, 2006|title=IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients|access-date=2007-05-23|publisher=[[IEEE]]}}</ref> the 2006 [[IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/kilby_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619214057/http://ieee.org/documents/kilby_rl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2010 |title=IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/kilby_recipients.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905043533/http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/kilby_recipients.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 5, 2012 |title=IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal Recipients - 2006 - Thomas Kailath |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref> the 1996 [[IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award]] (together with [[Ali H. Sayed]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/fink_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124231931/http://ieee.org/documents/fink_rl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 24, 2010 |title=IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date=2011-01-02}}</ref> and the 1986 [[John R. Ragazzini Award]].

Kailath was honored with the [[Padma Bhushan]] award in 2009 by the Government of India for his contributions to Science and Engineering.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, [[Government of India]] | date=2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> He was also awarded the 2009 [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] in Information and Communication Technology "for creating knowledge with transformative impact on the information and communication technologies that permeate everyday life".

In 2012, Kailath was a recipient of the [[National Medal of Science]], presented by President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014 for "transformative contributions to the fields of information and system science, for distinctive and sustained mentoring of young scholars, and for translation of scientific ideas into entrepreneurial ventures that have had a significant impact on industry."<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://nationalmedals.org/laureates/thomas-kailath |title = NSTMF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/03/president-obama-honors-nation-s-top-scientists-and-innovators | work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |title = President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators| via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |date = 2014-10-03}}</ref>
[[File:Celebrating the 2012 National Medal of Science awardees (15972967204).jpg|thumb|Thomas Kailath receiving the National Medal of Science at the [[White House]] in 2012]]

The Marconi Society honored Kailath in 2017 with the Lifetime Achievement Award for "his many transformative contributions to information and system science and his sustained mentoring and development of new generations of scientists."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifetime Achievement Award|url=https://www.marconisociety.org/lifetime-achievement-award/|access-date=2021-08-17|website=The Marconi Society|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal==

Kailath was married to Sarah (Jacob) Kailath from 1962 until her death in 2008, and they had four children: Ann (wife of MIT professor George Verghese), Paul, Priya and Ryan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=022406074350 |title=INDOlink - NRI News - Silicon Valley Honors Prof. Thomas Kailath: Educator, Entrepreneur |website=www.indolink.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315222516/http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=022406074350 |archive-date=2006-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.stanford.edu/~tkailath/FAssisiHoF.htm | title=Thomas Kailath}}</ref>

In 2013, Kailath married Dr. Anuradha Luther Maitra, retired economics professor, trustee and former president of the [[University of California, Santa Cruz|UC Santa Cruz]] Foundation Board, and former CEO of Floreat, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://web.stanford.edu/~tkailath/cgi-bin/index.php | title=Thomas Kailath}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://news.ucsc.edu/2013/10/blumenthal-luther.html | title=Expanding UCSC's international presence and engagement| date=8 October 2013}}</ref>
In 2022 a gift from the couple created the Anuradha Luther Maitra and Thomas Kailath Endowed Professorship in South Asian Studies at UC Santa Cruz to advance "research and discourse dedicated to South Asia and the South Asian diaspora".<ref name = "Exponential-Growth" >
{{ Cite web
| year = 2022
| publisher = [[UC Santa Cruz]] (UCSC)
| url = https://news.ucsc.edu/2022/10/csas-endowed-chair.html
| title = UCSC's Center for South Asian Studies positioned for exponential growth
| first = Haneen
| last = Zain
}}
</ref>

Kailath is the brother-in-law of journalist [[T. J. S. George]], who is also a recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]].

==Publications==
* 1979, ''Linear Systems (Prentice-Hall Information and System Science Series)'' (1979, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|978-0-13-536961-6}})
* 1987, ''Indefinite-Quadratic Estimation and Control: A Unified Approach to H2 and H<math>\infty</math> Theories (Studies in Applied and Numerical Mathematics)'' with [[Ali H. Sayed]] & [[Babak Hassibi]] (1987, Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, {{ISBN|978-0-89871-411-1}})
* 1997, ''Discrete Neural Computation: A Theoretical Foundation'' with Kai-Yeung Siu & Vwani Roychowdhury (1997, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|978-0-13-300708-4}})
* 2000, ''Linear Estimation'' with [[Ali H. Sayed]] & [[Babak Hassibi]] (2000, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|978-0-13-022464-4}})

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.stanford.edu/~tkailath/ Kailath' Stanford website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070521003545/http://isl.stanford.edu/kailathlecture/bios/kailath.html Stanford biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070515081942/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/may07/5043 IEEE Spectrum article]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081122161750/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/bios/2007_Bios/2007moh-Kailath.html IEEE 2007 Medal of Honor: Thomas Kailath]
*[http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/oral_history/abstracts/kailathab.html IEEE History Center: Thomas Kailath oral history from IEEE]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061212174510/http://ias.berkeley.edu/SouthAsia/kailath.html Sarah Kailath Chair in India Studies]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060315222516/http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=022406074350 Indolink piece on Dr. Kailath, mentions Malayalam script on his house]}}
*{{MathGenealogy|id=41399}}

{{IEEE Medal of Honor}}
{{IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal}}
{{Claude E. Shannon Award recipients}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{FRS 2009}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kailath, Thomas}}
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:American control theorists]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Mathematical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering faculty]]
[[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:American people of Malayali descent]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century American engineers]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Pune]]
[[Category:Engineers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Detection and estimation theorists]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:American fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]

Erode Soundar

2026-02-06T01:27:48Z

Ilushikpub: slightly reworked content based on references and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Short description|Indian film writer and director (c.1957–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Erode Soundar
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = c. 1957
|birth_place = [[Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
|death_date = {{death date and given age|2020|12|5|63|df=y}}
|occupation = Film director, writer
|spouse =
|website =
|other_names=
|yearsactive = 1991–2020
}}

'''Erode Soundar''' (c. 1957 – 5 December 2020) was an Indian film writer and director, who primarily worked on [[Tamil language]] films.

==Career==
In the 1990s, Erode Soundar regularly collaborated with director [[K. S. Ravikumar]] on village action films including ''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]'' (1991), ''[[Putham Pudhu Payanam]]'' (1991) and ''[[Nattamai]]'' (1994). The success of ''Cheran Pandiyan'' and ''Nattamai'' prompted the films to be remade in several languages including Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Bengali. He also won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer]] award for both films, while also securing the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]] award for ''Cheran Pandiyan''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/writer-and-director-erode-soundar-passes-away/articleshow/79581064.cms|title=Writer and director Erode Soundar passes away|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Although he worked primarily as a writer, he also directed a few films including ''[[Mudhal Seethanam]]'' (1992), where he also acted in a supporting role.<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920814&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Muthal Seethanam |date=14 August 1992 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=6}}</ref><ref name="review">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920814&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Romancing the village |date=14 August 1992 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=7}}</ref> His close association with [[Sarathkumar]] through K. S. Ravikumar's films, also garnered him the opportunity to direct the actor in ''[[Simmarasi]]'' (1998).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Simma_Rasi_23215.html |title=Simma Rasi: Movie Review |work=Indolink Tamil |accessdate=2011-12-10 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609215000/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Simma_Rasi_23215.html |archivedate=9 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> His final film, ''Ayya Ullen Ayya'' (2020), had a low profile release and featured his grandson Kabilesh in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2019/05/31/ayya-ullen-ayya-is-tale-about-students/|title=Ayya Ullen Ayya is tale about students|first=N. T.|last=Bureau|date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/310519/erode-sounder-back-with-a-school-subject.html|title=Erode Sounder back with a school subject|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=31 May 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

==Death==
Soundar died aged 63 on 5 December 2020 following a kidney-related illness.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title='சிம்மராசி' இயக்குநர் ஈரோடு செளந்தர் காலமானார் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/608544-erode-sounder-passed-away.html |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

==Partial filmography==
{{unreferenced section|date= November 2022}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Film
! colspan="3" |Credited for
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
!Writer
!Director
!Actor
|-
|1991
|''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Dialogue Writer]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1992
|''[[Periya Gounder Ponnu]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1991
|''[[Putham Pudhu Payanam]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1992
|''[[Muthal Seethanam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1994
|''[[Nattamai]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1996
|''[[Parambarai]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1998
|''[[Simmarasi]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2001
|''[[Samudhiram]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2007
|''[[Maa Madurai]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2008
|''[[Dasavathaaram]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/kamals-new-look-in-idasavatharami-imagegallery-movies-jdwmOabjcgbsi.html|title=Kamal's new look in Dasavatharam 2|website=[[Sify]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2009
|''[[Aadhavan]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2014
|''[[Lingaa]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2020
|''Ayya Ullen Ayya''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1225010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soundar, Erode}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Erode district]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Sikh architecture

2026-02-05T02:49:06Z

Ilushikpub: added references

{{Short description|Style of architecture}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sikh architecture
| official_name = Sikh Architectural Heritage
| native_name = ਸਿੱਖ ਸਥਾਪਤਕ ਕਲਾ
| other_name = Sikh monuments and shrines
| image_flag =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| settlement_type = Cultural and religious architectural style
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| align = center
| total_width = 250
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/2/2
| image1 = Hamandir Sahib (Golden Temple).jpg
| image2 = Front view of Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Delhi.jpg
| image3 = Sarovar (sacred pool) at Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India.jpg
| image4 = Interior view of roof of Tomb (Marri) of Ranjit Singh, Lahore. 04.jpg
| image5 = Details_of_an_entrance_at_Gurudwara_Tarn_Taran_Sahib,_Amritsar.jpg
| image6 = Takht Sri Patna Sahib.jpg
| image7 = Takht_Shri_Hazoor_Sahib_Gurudwara_Nanded.JPG
| image8 = Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur 04.jpg
| image9 = Fateh Burj , Banda Singh Baahadur memorial ,Chapadchidi, Punjab ,India.jpg
| image10 = Gurdwara Dera Sahib and Samadhi of Ranjit Singh.jpg
| image11 = The Entrance of Janam Asthan-2.jpg
}}
| image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Harmandir Sahib]] (Golden Temple), [[Amritsar]]; [[Gurudwara Bangla Sahib]], Delhi; [[Fatehgarh Sahib]] Sarovar; Interior of [[Samadhi of Ranjit Singh]], [[Lahore]]; [[Tarn Taran Sahib]]; [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]], Bihar; [[Hazur Sahib]], [[Nanded]]; [[Kartarpur Sahib]], [[Pakistan]]; [[Fateh Burj]]; [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib]], [[Lahore]]; [[Gurdwara Janam Asthan]], [[Nankana Sahib]]}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
[[File:New--Plan-of-Harmandar-rp.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Map of the Harmandir Sahib Complex, Click to enlarge]]
'''Sikh architecture''' is a distinctive style of [[architecture]] that developed under the [[Sikh Confederacy]] and later flourished during the [[Sikh Empire]] in the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily in the [[Punjab]] region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |title=A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469–1839 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |page=331 |isbn=978-0-19-567308-1}}</ref> Due to its progressive nature, Sikh architecture has continued to evolve over time, giving rise to several new branches and influencing various contemporary architectural styles.<ref>{{cite book |author=Subhash Parihar |title=Golden Temple: History, Art, and Architecture |publisher=Aryan Books International |year=2001 |page=102}}</ref> Although Sikh architecture was originally developed as part of the religious and cultural expression within [[Sikhism]], its aesthetic richness and symbolic elements have led to its adoption in many secular and non-religious buildings as well, admired for their beauty and structural harmony.<ref>{{cite book |author=Malik Arshi |title=Sikh Architecture |publisher=Himalaya Publishing House |year=2012 |page=47}}</ref> 300 years ago, Sikh architecture was distinguished for its many curves and straight lines; [[Takht Kesgarh Sahib|Keshgarh Sahib]] and the [[Harmandir Sahib]] ([[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]]) are prime examples of traditional Sikh architecture.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kartar Singh |title=Sikh Architecture |url=https://www.sikhmuseum.com/architecture |website=SikhMuseum.com |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[File:Architectural sketch depicting a dome design by Gian Singh Naqqash from page 279 of his book, Vishkarma Darpan, ca.1926.jpg|thumb|Architectural sketch depicting a dome design by [[Gian Singh Naqqash]] from page 279 of his book, ''Vishkarma Darpan'', ca.1926]]
Sikh architecture is heavily influenced by elements of [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Islamic architecture|Islamic]] styles. Features such as the [[onion dome]], [[fresco]]es, inlay work, and multi-foil arches are derived from the Mughal period, particularly during the reign of [[Shah Jahan]]. In contrast, features like ''[[Chhatri|chattris]]'', [[oriel windows]], bracket-supported [[eaves]] at the string-[[Course (architecture)|course]], and decorative [[friezes]] reflect the influence of [[Rajput architecture]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Subhash Parihar |title=The Golden Temple: Past and Present |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1996 |page=58}}</ref>

Early British authors, such as [[Thomas Henry Thornton]], wrote disparaging reports on Sikh architecture, which impacted its reception and these views continue to the present-day.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Nadhra Shahbaz Naeem |url=https://www.ioa.uni-bonn.de/aik/de/forschung/publikationen/medien/leseprobe_khan_saac_5.pdf |title=THE SAMĀDHI OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH IN LAHORE: A Summation of Sikh Architectural and Decorative Practices |publisher=EB-Verlag |year=2018 |isbn=9783868932713 |location=Berlin |pages=20–22}}</ref>

== Description ==
[[File:Baba atal 1.jpg|thumb|Exterior of the [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]], located in [[Amritsar]], [[India]].]]

Apart from religious buildings, Sikh architecture includes secular [[Forts in India|fo]][[List of forts in Pakistan|rts]], ''bungas'' (residential places), palaces, and colleges.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University |year=2004 |isbn=817380530X |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=2nd |volume=IV: S–Z |pages=131–133 |chapter=SIKH ARCHITECTURE}}</ref> The religious structure is called ''[[gurdwara]]'' (a place where the Guru dwells). The word ''gurdwara'' is a compound of ''guru'' (guide or master) and ''dwara'' (gateway or seat). So, it has an architectural connotation. Sikh ''gurdwaras'' are generally commemorative buildings connected with the ten gurus in some way, or with places and events of historical significance. Some examples are [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib]] (encampment place), in [[Batala]] in [[Gurdaspur district]]. It was erected in memory of the brief stay of [[Guru Nanak]] along with his companions on the occasion of his marriage. Gurdwara Shahid Ganj (Martyrdom Memorial) in [[Muktsar]] in [[Faridkot district]] commemorates the cremation spot of Sikhs who were killed in a battle between [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and the [[Mughals]] in 1705. The [[Gurdwara]] [[Shish Mahal (Kiratpur)|Shish Mahal]] (Palace of Mirrors) in [[Kiratpur Sahib|Kiratpur]], located in the [[Ropar district]] of Punjab, marks the birthplace of the eighth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Har Krishan]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Harbans Singh |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |volume=2 |publisher=Punjabi University |year=1998 |page=228}}</ref>

There are over 500 historical ''gurdwaras'' across India and Pakistan, many of which are associated with significant events in the lives of the Sikh Gurus.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Historical Gurdwaras |url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com |website=World Gurudwaras |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

There are four broad categories regarding shape and layout of Sikh shrine architecture:<ref name=":1" />

* square
* rectangular
* octagonal (ex. [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]] in Amritsar)
* cruciform (ex. Gurdwara Nanak Jhira in Bidar, Karnataka)

=== List of types of Sikh architecture ===

* [[Gurdwara]]
* [[Dharamshala (type of building)|Dharamsaal]]
* [[Baradari (building)|Baradari]]
* [[Sarai (building)|Sarai/Niwas]]
* [[Qila]]
* Burj
* Bunga
* [[Samadhi (shrine)|Samadhi]]

== Conservation ==
Many priceless Sikh heritage sites (including their architecture) have been destroyed or altered beyond recognition under the guise of ''[[Sevā|"kar seva"]]'' renovations by various institutions and groups in recent-times,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Gurnam |date=2021-04-21 |title=Who's really destroying Sikh heritage? |url=https://asiasamachar.com/2021/04/21/37425/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Asia Samachar |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Singh |first1=I. P. |date=August 23, 2021 |first2=Yudhvir |last2=Rana |title=Sikhs wake up late to the loss of religious heritage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/sikhs-wake-up-late-to-the-loss-of-religious-heritage/articleshow/85548603.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Apr 15, 2003 |title=Stop 'kar seva': SAD-A to SGPC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/stop-kar-seva-sad-a-to-sgpc/articleshow/43500092.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |others=Asia Samachar Team |title=Sikhs aghast with tearing down of historic Sikh site in name of 'kar seva' |url=https://asiasamachar.com/2019/04/01/24582/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=asiasamachar.com |date=April 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |others=Sikh24 Editors |title=UPDATE: Kar Seva's Baba Jagtar Singh Evicted from Sri Tarn Taran Sahib |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2019/04/01/update-kar-sevas-baba-jagtar-singh-evicted-from-sri-tarn-taran-sahib/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=IP Singh|date=Oct 7, 2018 |title=Heritage under the hammer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/heritage-under-the-hammer/articleshow/66103515.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> especially vulnerable are Sikh heritage sites in both India and Pakistan according to one scholar, who states it is due to "...the lack of will on the part of the authorities concerned to preserve them".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh heritage sites in India, Pak facing ruin, says scholar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/sikh-heritage-sites-in-india-pak-facing-ruin-says-scholar-200915 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> An example of these haphazard and destructive renovations is an incident involving the top section of the historical ''Darshani Deori'' [[gatehouse]] at the [[Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib|Gurdwara Tarn Taran Sahib]] complex, which was demolished by Kar Seva groups in March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yudhvir Rana|date=Mar 31, 2019 |title=Karsewa group demolish historical darshani deori |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/karsewa-group-demolish-historical-darshani-deori/articleshow/68657470.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Historic Tarn Taran gurdwara's 'darshani deori' razed, row erupts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/historic-tarn-taran-gurdwara-s-darshani-deori-razed-row-erupts/story-E5M1rVewrG0zLyX0vcuRKJ.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-25 |title=10 months on, no progress on restoration of Darshani Deori in Tarn Taran gurdwara |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/10-months-on-no-progress-on-restoration-of-darshani-deori-in-tarn-taran-gurdwara/story-TUnzuVr5i9TtVxaJqbnRHK.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Mejindarpal |date=2019-04-05 |title=Stop the Destruction of Sikh Heritage |url=https://unitedsikhs.org/stop-the-destruction-of-sikh-heritage/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=United Sikhs |language=en-US}}</ref> Many groups are rushing to digitize what historical architecture and structures remains for posterity before they are lost, such as [[Panjab Digital Library]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Chitleen K. |date=2018-12-19 |title=In Punjab, a library's silent digital revolution is preserving the state's heritage |url=https://theprint.in/statedraft/in-punjab-a-librarys-silent-digital-revolution-is-preserving-the-states-heritage/166089/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2021, the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] launched a project to archive and document the heritage structures of the community and have set up the old doors of the [[Golden Temple]] as museum display when they were replaced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-31 |others=Sikh24 Punjab Bureau |title=Beleaguered over Destruction of Heritage, SGPC Plans to Initiate Sikh Archives Project |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2021/07/31/beleaguered-over-destruction-of-heritage-sgpc-plans-to-initiate-sikh-archives-project/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=G.S. |others=Tribune News Service |title=200-year-old doors of Golden Temple's 'Darshani Deori' on display |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/200-yr-old-doors-on-display-in-amritsar-364134 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |others=Tribune News Service |title=Jathedar dispels rumours on Darshani Deori doors |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/jathedar-dispels-rumours-on-darshani-deori-doors-668800 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> However, around the same time the SGPC denied the importance of a historical Sikh structure discovered underground near the Golden Temple complex, which experts at the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) deemed as 'historic'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-31 |others=Sikh24 Editors |title=SGPC Continues to Deny Historic Importance of Old Structure Found at Darbar Sahib |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2021/07/31/sgpc-continues-to-deny-historic-importance-of-old-structure-found-at-darbar-sahib/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Also, the SGPC made plans to raze a historical building known as ''Guru Ram Das Sarai'', even in the face of criticism of the decision by experts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |others=Sikh24 Editors |title=SGPC Revives Plan of Razing Darbar Sahib Sarai Where Sikhs Were Martyred During '84 Holocaust |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2021/07/20/sgpc-revives-plan-of-razing-darbar-sahib-sarai-where-sikhs-were-martyred-during-84-holocaust/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-29 |others=Sikh Siyasat Bureau |title=SGPC plans to demolish Guru Ram Dass Sarai near Darbar Sahib; Sikh groups obejct |url=https://sikhsiyasat.net/sgpc-plans-demolish-guru-ram-dass-sarai-near-darbar-sahib-sikh-groups-obejct/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh Siyasat News |language=en}}</ref> As many as ninety percent of Sikh heritage monuments have been destroyed in Punjab in the name of renovation and [[Sevā|kar seva]].<ref>Glover, William J. "Shiny new buildings: rebuilding historic sikh gurdwaras in Indian Punjab." ''Future Anterior'', vol. 9, no. 1, summer 2012, pp. 32+. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A313972601/AONE?u=anon~bc4b7e36&sid=googleScholar&xid=807b241c. Accessed 8 Jan. 2023.</ref> Many historical Sikh structures that were destroyed by Kar Seva renovations include original houses of the Sikh gurus and their relatives.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dogra |first=Chander Suta |date=3 May 2016 |title=Have You the Eyes for It? |work=SikhNet (republished, originally published by Outlook Magazine) |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/have-you-eyes-it |access-date=21 September 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

According to the [[Sikh Studies|Sikh historian]], [[Harjinder Singh Dilgeer]]:<ref name=":0" />

{{Blockquote|text=Though kar seva babas had been renovating gurudwaras ever since anyone can remember, it was after Operation Bluestar, when the Sikh community donated generously for the massive rebuilding of the Golden Temple premises, that [[Baba (honorific)|'babas']] began to appreciate the money-making opportunities such rebuilding threw up. The trend then spread across Punjab and in the last two decades, old heritage structures began to be demolished and replaced by garish, opulent marble gurudwaras. These pseudo-babas are armed with so much money but they spend it foolishly on rebuilding instead of restoration, because they are absolutely ignorant about the historical value of these old monuments. Somewhere along the line, the original, unpretentious Sikh architecture has begun to be perceived as something to be ashamed of. Our Gurus were simple, down-to-earth men of the soil, and their buildings reflect the simplicity and harmony which Sikhism is all about.|author=Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, Sikh historian}}

According to Sikh scholar, Gurtej Singh, on who is to blame for the plight of Sikh historical heritage:<ref name=":0" />{{Blockquote|text=Whether it is the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee or the Akal Takht or even the political Akali Dal which draws its strength from the former two, there is no appreciation for our heritage. Scholars like us do not matter in the scheme of things, because we obstruct their commercial aspirations. The SGPC patronises these babas and they do not realise that they are converting history into mythology by destroying historical evidence.|author=Gurtej Singh}}[[Peter Bance]], when evaluating the status of Sikh sites in present-day India, where the majority of Sikhs live today, criticizes the destruction of the originality of 19th-century-era Sikh sites under the guise of "renovation", whereby historical structures are toppled and new buildings take their former place.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Bakshi |first=Artika Aurora |date=2023 |title=Discovering the Forgotten Heritage of the Panjabs With Peter Bance |journal=Nishaan Nagaara |issue=11 |pages=28–37}}</ref> An example cited by him of sites losing their originality relates to [[Nanak Shahi bricks|nanakshahi bricks]], which are characteristic of Sikh architecture from the 19th century, being replaced by renovators of historical Sikh sites in India by marble and gold.<ref name=":3" /> Bance advocates that a grassroots movement advocating for the proper restoration and preservation of historical Sikh sites and their original architecture is necessary, which works together with private enthusiasts and government bodies in-cooperation with one another.<ref name=":3" /> Bance further claims that a lack of willpower rather than a lack of funds is responsible for the poor conservation of Sikh historical sites.<ref name=":3" /> Bance believes that the way forward in the modern-age to conserve Sikh heritage must be a digital approach, where social networking and technology is utilized to share research, build-up archives, and promote tourism to these sites.<ref name=":3" /> Increased tourism has the potential to increase efforts to preserve and restore Sikh heritage sites.<ref name=":3" /> Bance uses the Instagram platform to bring light to forgotten Sikh heritage lying in Pakistan with the wider community, using engagements there to generate social awareness and passion.<ref name=":3" /> Through his Instagram account, Bance has been contacted by persons interested in restoring Sikh heritage sites, which have allowed them to be connected with others who specialize in this field.<ref name=":3" /> Furthermore, he claims that on a weekly-basis hundreds of members of the general public from both India and Pakistan contact him through social media requesting him to visit their locality to document the Sikh heritage located there, as they lack the know-how on how to do this themselves.<ref name=":3" />

[[Shahid Shabbir]] is a Pakistani historian and journalist who has documented countless Sikh heritage sites (most often neglected, dilapidated, or abandoned) located in his country, including their extant artwork and architecture.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aslam |first=Irfan |date=28 May 2019 |title=Narowal haveli has nothing to do with Baba Guru Nanak |work=Dawn |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1485007/narowal-haveli-has-nothing-to-do-with-baba-guru-nanak |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Inderjeet |date=18 September 2015 |title=Research Into Sikh Heritage in Pakistan – Shahid Shabbir (aka Baba Ji) |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/research-sikh-heritage-pakistan-shahid-shabbir-aka-baba-ji |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=Sikh Net}}</ref> Sikh architecture remains a seldom studied or researched subject.<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |title=Punjab Art and Culture |publisher=Atma Ram & Sons |year=1988 |isbn=9788170430964 |pages=82 |chapter=16. The Sikh Shrines of Anandpur Sahib}}</ref>

Virasati Asthan Seva is a Sikh charity dedicated toward preserving historical Sikh sites, known as ''Asthāns''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=The Saṃbhāl of GurSikh Asthāns |url=https://www.vitalanjan.com/journal/the-sambhal-of-gursikh-asthans/ |access-date=6 August 2025 |website=The Vital Anjan}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.virasati.org/ |access-date=6 August 2025 |website=Virasati Asthan Seva}}</ref> Some of their current restoration projects are the Havelī Kavī Santokh Singh in Kaithal, Haryana and Gurdwara Bābā Bikram Singh Bedi in Amritsar, Punjab.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="180" heights="180">
File:Gurdwara Dera Sahib and Samadhi of Ranjit Singh.jpg|Golden dome of [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib]] in [[Lahore]]
File:The Entrance of Janam Asthan-2.jpg|The [[Gurdwara Janam Asthan]] in [[Nankana Sahib]], [[Pakistan]], commemorates the site where Guru Nanak is believed to have been born. It was rebuilt by the Pakistani Government
File:Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur 04.jpg|[[Darbar Sahib Kartarpur|Darbar Sahib]], gurdwara commemorating [[Guru Nanak]], in [[Kartarpur, Pakistan]]
File:Hazur Sahib, Nanded, Maharashtra, September 2012.jpg|Shri [[Hazur Sahib Nanded|Hazoor Sahib]] is a gurdwara in [[Nanded]], [[Maharashtra, India]]; is one of the five {{lang|pa-Latn|[[Takht (Sikhism)|takhts]]}}.
File:Front view of Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Delhi.jpg|[[Gurudwara Bangla Sahib]] is one of the most prominent [[Sikhism|Sikh]] gurdwara in [[Delhi, India]] and known for its association with the eighth [[Sikh Guru]], [[Guru Har Krishan]], as well as the pool inside its complex, known as the "[[sarovar]]."
File:Original structure of Gurudwara Sri Sheesh Mahal Sahib, Kiratpur Sahib.jpg|Original structure of Gurudwara Sri Sheesh Mahal Sahib, Kiratpur Sahib
File:Photograph of a Sikh temple at Dacca (Dhaka) in Bengal, India (now Bangladesh), circa 1920–21.jpg|Photograph of a Sikh gurdwara at Dacca ([[Dhaka]]) in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|India]] (now Bangladesh), circa 1920–21
File:True-colour photograph - Lahore, India (now Pakistan). Sikh Temple in 1914 (Gurdwara Dera Sahib in Lahore).jpg|True-colour photograph of Gurdwara Dera Sahib in [[Lahore]], India (now Pakistan), taken in 1914 by Stéphane Passet.
File:True-colour photograph - ‘Interior decoration of the western door of the Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple)’, 15 January 1914.jpg|True-colour photograph titled ‘Interior decoration of the western door of the [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]]’, taken on 15 January 1914 by [[Stéphane Passet]].
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Sikh architecture in Karnataka]]
* [[Nanak Shahi bricks]]
* [[Sikh art and culture]]
* [[Sikh scriptures]]
* [[History of Sikhism]]
* [[Sikh Ajaibghar]]
* [[Mehdiana Sahib]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*Arshi, Pardeep Singh, ''Sikh Architecture in the Punjab'', Intellectual Pub. House, 1986.
*Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture (Islamic Period), Fifth Edition, 1965, Bombay.
*Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture (Hindu and Buddhist Period), Fifth Edition, 1965, Bombay.
*Singh, Mehar, ''Sikh Shrines In India'', Publications Division, Government of India, 1974, New Delhi.
*Singh, Darshan, ''The Sikh art and architecture'', Dept. of Guru Nanak Sikh Studies, Panjab University, 1987.
*Marg, Volume XXX, Number 3, June 1977, Bombay.

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book|title=International Bibliography of Sikh Studies|author=Rajwant Singh Chilana|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-1-4020-3043-7|year=2005}}
*{{cite book|title=Sikh Art and Literature|editor=Kerry Brown|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-20289-3|year=1999}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sikh architecture}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230013/http://www.sikhspectrum.com/022004/architecture_art.htm Article on Sikh Architecture]}}
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99feb20/saturday/head1.htm Article on Sikh Architecture]
{{Architecture of India}}

[[Category:Sikh architecture| ]]
[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Indian architectural history]]
[[Category:Pakistani architectural history]]

Tanya Dubash

2026-01-31T14:12:03Z

Ilushikpub: minor correct details per sources and updated info

{{Short description|Indian industrialist and businesswoman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tanya Dubash
| image = Tanya_Dubash.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|14 September 1968}}
| birth_name = Tanya Godrej
| alma_mater = [[Cathedral & John Connon School]] [[Brown University]]
| occupation = Executive Director and Chief Brand Officer of [[Godrej Industries Ltd]]
| spouse = Arvind Darab Dubash
| children = 2
| parents = [[Adi Burjorji Godrej]] [[Parmeshwar Godrej]]
| relatives = [[Nisaba Godrej|Nisaba Adi Godrej]] (sister) [[Pirojsha Adi Godrej]] (brother)
}}

'''Tanya Dubash''' (born 14 September 1968) is an Indian businesswoman, and an executive director and chief brand officer at the [[Godrej Group]], and is known for taking up the responsibility for a rebranding exercise in 2008, Godrej Masterbrand Strategy. She is on the boards of [[Godrej Industries Ltd|Godrej Industries Limited]], [[Godrej Consumer Products Limited]], and [[Godrej Agrovet|Godrej Agrovet Limited]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/i-don-t-think-first-mover-advantage-is-overrated-tanya-dubash-114121400514_1.html|title=I don't think first-mover advantage is overrated: Tanya Dubash|date=15 December 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|first=Devina|last=Joshi|access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> She was a board member of [[Bhartiya Mahila Bank]] and a trustee of [[Brown University]]. She is the elder daughter of the industrialist [[Adi Godrej]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/most-powerful-women-in-india-business-2015-tanya-dubash-godrej-group/story/223516.html|title=MPW 2015: Tanya Dubash is changing Godrej Group into a brand for the young|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=18 September 2015 |access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theorg.com/org/godrej-consumer-products-ltd/org-chart/tanya-dubash | title=Tanya Dubash - Non-Executive Director at Godrej Consumer Products Ltd }}</ref>

== Education ==
Dubash attended [[Cathedral and John Connon School|The Cathedral & John Connon School]], and is an A.B. (cum laude) in Economics & Political Science from [[Brown University]], USA, and an alumna of Harvard Business School.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chandna|first=Himani|title=Faces Who Count|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Faces-Who-Count/26-04-2017-117024|access-date=2021-11-03|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Dubash is the executive director and Chief Brand Officer of Godrej Industries Ltd. and is responsible for the Godrej Group's brand and communications function, including guiding the Godrej Masterbrand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Godrej Group questions what freedom really means today in new Independence Day campaign - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/godrej-group-questions-what-freedom-really-means-today-in-new-independence-day-campaign-115017.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=16 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She is the Director of Godrej Remote Services Ltd and Ensemble Holdings & Finance Ltd. She is a director of Godrej Industries Limited, Godrej Consumer Products Limited and Godrej Agrovet Limited and Godrej Finance Limited.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/most-powerful-women-in-india-business-2015-tanya-dubash-godrej-group/story/223516.html|title=MPW 2015: Tanya Dubash is changing Godrej Group into a brand for the young|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=18 September 2015 |access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>

== Other boards and committees ==
Dubash was a Trustee of [[Brown University]] between 2012 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ms. Tanya Dubash|url=https://www.escortsgroup.com/escorts-group/leadership-team/ms-tanya-dubash.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=www.escortsgroup.com|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103105024/https://www.escortsgroup.com/escorts-group/leadership-team/ms-tanya-dubash.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is also a member of the Brown India Advisory Council<ref>{{cite web|last=Chandna|first=Himani|title=Faces Who Count|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Faces-Who-Count/26-04-2017-117024|access-date=2021-11-03|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref> and is on the [[Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs|Watson Institute]] board of overseers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Governors {{!}} Watson Institute|url=https://watson.brown.edu/people/board|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs|language=en}}</ref> Dubash was a member on the board of the [[Bharatiya Mahila Bank]] between November 2013 and May 2015.<ref>{{cite news|author=Oommen A. Ninan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/prime-minister-inaugurates-bharatiya-mahila-bank/article5368130.ece |title=First women bank takes off |work=The Hindu |date=19 November 2013 |access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref> She is on the board of Customer Value Foundation, AIESEC India and India@75.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Faces-Who-Count/26-04-2017-117024|title=Faces Who Count|last=Chandna|first=Himani|website=BW Businessworld|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>

She also is on the boards of Britannia,<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-02-08|title=Adi Godrej's daughter Tanya Dubash appointed additional director of Britannia Industries|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/adi-godrejs-daughter-tanya-dubash-appointed-additional-director-of-britannia-industries-6053181.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> Escorts, and Go Airlines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanya Dubash - Summarized by Plex.page {{!}} Content {{!}} Summarization |url=https://plex.page/Tanya_Dubash |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Plex.page |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103105024/https://plex.page/Tanya_Dubash |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ms. Tanya Dubash|url=https://www.escortsgroup.com/escorts-group/leadership-team/ms-tanya-dubash.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=www.escortsgroup.com|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103105024/https://www.escortsgroup.com/escorts-group/leadership-team/ms-tanya-dubash.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Recognition==
She was recognised by the [[World Economic Forum]] as a [[Young Global Leader]] in 2007. In India Today conclave 2010, Dubash spoke about the conflict between reality and idealism.<ref>{{Citation|last=India Today Conclave|title=Tanya A. Dubash speech at the India Today Conclave 2010 part 1|date=2011-03-02|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVsfchUqr-c|access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Tanya is the first child of Adi and Parmeshwar Godrej. She has two younger siblings, a sister, [[Nisaba Godrej]], who is the chairperson of Godrej Consumer Products and a brother, [[Pirojsha Adi Godrej]], who heads Godrej Properties, the business empire's real estate arm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/pirojsha-godrej-takes-over-as-godrej-properties-chairman/45731/1|title=Pirojsha Godrej takes over as Godrej Properties chairman|website=forbesindia.com|access-date=2021-11-30}}</ref> She married Arvind Darab Dubash, an industrialist, in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19970215-parmeshwar-godrej-celebrates-her-daughter-wedding-by-throwing-19-parties-in-a-row-832855-1997-02-14|title=Parmeshwar Godrej celebrates her daughters wedding by throwing 19 parties in a row|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|date=15 February 1997 |access-date=2016-04-11}}</ref> They live in Mumbai with their two sons Aryaan and Azaar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/parmeshwar-godrej-a-woman-of-many-talents-an-icon-an-inspiration-3045256.html|title=Parmeshwar Godrej: A woman of many talents, an icon, an inspiration|website=firstpost|date=11 October 2016 |access-date=2021-12-06}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Godrej Group}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dubash, Tanya}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Brown University alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Godrej family]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian women chief executives]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Girgaon

2026-01-22T23:51:37Z

Ilushikpub: corrected content and added references for accuracy

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{about||the village in Talasari taluka|Girgaon, Palghar|Goregaon, another place in Mumbai|Goregaon}}
{{distinguish|Gurgaon}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Girgaon
| native_name = Girgav
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Girgaum Back Road.jpeg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Girgaon back road, c. 1905
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Mumbai
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.953|N|72.813|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mumbai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (MCGM)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 12
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Girgaonkar
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 400004
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Girgaon''', or '''Girgaum''', is an area in southern [[Mumbai]] in [[Maharashtra]], India. It is near the coast.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karmakar |first=Kalyan |title=The Travelling Belly : Eating Through India's By-Lanes |date=2016 |isbn=978-93-5009-911-7 |location=Gurgaon |oclc=968895956}}</ref> A section of [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]] is located here.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoTlMg6L1IMC |title=Census of India, 1981: Maharashtra. Series 12 |date=1986 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref>

== Culture ==
* '''[[Girgaon Chowpatty]]''': A public beach.{{cn|date=January 2026}}

== Notable Buildings ==

* [[Saifee Hospital]]
* [[Royal Opera House (Mumbai)|Royal Opera House]]

== Entertainment and Attractions ==

* [[Girgaon Chowpatty]]
* [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]]

== Transport ==
Girgaon is well connected by the :

* [[Charni Road railway station|Charni Road Railway station]] on the [[Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Western line]]
* upcoming [[Girgaon metro station|Girgaon Metro station]] on the [[Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line( Line 3)]].
* The [[Coastal Road (Mumbai)|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Coastal Road]], which starts near Girgaon Chowpatty

==See also==
*[[Girgaum Chowpatti]]
*[[Tanks of Bombay]]
*[[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Girgaum}}
* [http://www.girgaon.com/ Girgaon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163632/http://girgaon.com/ |date=14 August 2022 }}

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Mumbai]]

Bride's Toilet

2026-01-12T02:37:22Z

Ilushikpub: Adding Entry

{{Short description|1937 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}{{italic title}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Bride's Toilet
| image = Amrita Sger-Gil Bride's Toilet.jpg
| artist = [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| year = 1937
| medium = Oil on canvas
| width_metric = 88.8
| length_metric = 146
| metric_unit = cm
| imperial_unit = in
| museum = [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], [[New Delhi]]
}}

'''''Bride's Toilet''''' is an oil on canvas painting, painted by Hungarian-Indian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]] (1913–1941) in 1937.<ref name=Chowdhury2024>{{cite journal |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Asma |title=Use of Figure as the Language of Artistic Expression: An Analysis Based on Indian Female Artists’ Artworks |journal=Journal of South Asian Exchanges |date=22 August 2024 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=1-16 |doi=10.21659/jsae/v1n2/v1n218 |url=https://saexchanges.com/v1n2/v1n218.pdf}}</ref>

A work of [[modernism]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-06 |title=Bride's Toilet [Amrita Sher-Gil] {{!}} Sartle - Rogue Art History |url=https://www.sartle.com/artwork/brides-toilet-amrita-sher-gil |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=www.sartle.com |language=en}}</ref> the painting draws influence from the frescoes of [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and the miniatures of [[Mughal painting|Mughal art]], thereby resulting in a masterful amalgam of Indian and European styles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bride's Toilet by Amrita Sher-Gil - Famous Indian Art - Handmade Oil Painting on Canvas — Canvas Paintings |url=https://www.artworkonly.com/indian-paintings/brides-toilet-by-amrita-sher-gil-famous-indian-art-handmade-oil-painting-on-canvas |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=ArtworkOnly.Com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Part of Sher-Gil's well known South Indian trilogy, comprising also ''Brahmacharis'' and ''South Indian Villagers Going to Market'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrita Shergill, Drawn from Life , indiaprofile.com |url=https://www.indiaprofile.com/people/amritashergill.htm |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.indiaprofile.com}}</ref> ''Bride's Toilet'' explores the simplicity and uniqueness of rural life, a recurring subject in her later paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Parul |title=On Amrita Sher-Gil’s birth anniversary, a closer look at the women in her paintings |url=https://scroll.in/article/985478/on-amrita-sher-gils-birth-anniversary-a-closer-look-at-the-women-in-her-paintings |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> When Sher-Gil returned to India in 1934, her approach towards art changed significantly. A number of later artworks revolved around the poor and the underprivileged, the commonfolk and their struggles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-14 |title=A Life in Art |language=en-US |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/a-life-in-art/ |access-date=2022-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Petra |date=2013-11-05 |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: The Female Pioneer Of Modern Indian Art |url=https://theculturetrip.com/india/articles/india-s-frida-kahlo-amrita-sher-gil-s-contribution-to-indian-modern-art/ |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Culture Trip |language=en}}</ref>

''Bride's Toilet'' depicts a bride's chamber,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-14 |title=A Life in Art |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/a-life-in-art/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> wherein a young light-skinned woman, presumably the titular bride, is seated. She is half-naked; her palms are covered in [[mehndi]]. She is surrounded by two other women and two children. One of the women is dressing her hair,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bride's Toilet Archives |url=https://blog.saffronart.com/tag/brides-toilet/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=State of the Art |language=en-US}}</ref> and the other is holding a container. Their faces are expressionless. The painting employs a rich, colourful palette. Tones have been skilfully used.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bride's Toilet - Amrita Sher-Gil |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/bride-s-toilet-amrita-sher-gil/xQFBEtHIb8eQDg |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bride's Toilet |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/museum-paintings/brides-toilet |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}</ref> The painting demonstrates Sher-Gil's curious interest in women, their lives and adversities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-07 |title=An Indian rhapsody |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/an-indian-rhapsody/article4389013.ece |access-date=2022-12-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The painting was one of 33 of Sher-Gil's works displayed at [[Amrita Sher-Gil's paintings at Lahore (1937)|her solo exhibition]] at [[Faletti's Hotel]] in [[Lahore]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], held from 21 to 27 November 1937.<ref name=Sundaram2010>{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|page=422|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}

[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]
[[Category:1937 paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings in India]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:Paintings of women]]
[[Category:Genre paintings]]

2019 Senior National Hockey Championship

2026-01-11T02:51:33Z

Ilushikpub: Started New Entry First Draft

{{notability|Sports|date=April 2020}}

{{Infobox field hockey league season
|name = Senior National Hockey Championship 2019
|fromdate = 7 January
|todate = 7 February
|administrator = [[Hockey India]]
|tformat = [[Round-robin tournament|Single round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knock-out]]
|host = [[Gwalior]], [[Chennai]]
|venues = 2
|teams =
|champion =
|second =
|third =
|matches =
|goals =
|potourn =
|topscorer =
|attendance =
|prevseason = [[Senior National Hockey Championship 2018|2018]]
|nextseason = [[Senior National Hockey Championship 2020|2020]]
}}
2019 edition of Senior National Hockey Championship (Men) is the 9th edition of Senior National tournament. Divided into two division's namely Division A and Division B. Division A matches scheduled from 31 January to 7 February 2019 in [[Gwalior]], while Division B matches scheduled from 7 to 20 January 2019 in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hockey India 9th Senior National Hockey Championship 2019 (Men) A Division starts tomorrow in Gwalior|url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-india-9th-senior-national-hockey-championship-2019-men-a-division-starts-tomorrow-in-gwalior|work=Hockey India |publisher=www.hockeyindia.org|accessdate=30 January 2019|date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Senior National Hockey Championship A Division: Top Hockey Stars Will be Seen Playing For the Title|url=https://www.kreedon.com/senior-national-hockey-championship-a-division-2019-preview/|work=kreedon |publisher=www.kreedon.com|accessdate=30 January 2019|date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Senior National Men's Hockey Title : RSPB Stun Defending Champions 3-2|url=https://www.kreedon.com/senior-men-national-hockey-championship-2019-final/|work=kreedon |publisher=www.kreedon. com|accessdate=10 February 2019|date=10 February 2019}}</ref>

==Teams (A Division)==
===Pool A===
* Hockey Bhopal
* Kerala Hockey
* Vidarbha Hockey Association

===Pool B===
* Chhattisgarh Hockey
* Hockey Madhya Bharat
* Assam Hockey

===Pool C===
* Hockey Coorg
* Namdhari XI
* Sports Authority of Gujarat - Hockey Academy

===Pool D===
* Andhra Hockey Association
* Hockey Puducherry
* Hockey Madhya Pradesh

===Pool E===
* Punjab National Bank
* Telangana Hockey
* Hockey Jammu & Kashmir

===Pool F===
* Bengal Hockey Association
* Hockey Andhra Pradesh
* Hockey Gujarat

===Pool G===
* Bengaluru Hockey Association
* Hockey Uttarakhand
* Goans Hockey

===Pool H===
* Hockey Rajasthan
* Hockey HIM
* Hockey Patiala
* Hockey Nagaland

==Teams (B Division)==
===Pool A===
{{Empty section|date=November 2019}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2019 in men's field hockey|India]]
[[Category:Field hockey competitions in India]]

Dadar–Puducherry Chalukya Express

2026-01-08T09:29:23Z

Ilushikpub: Adding Stub

{{short description|Indian express train}}
{{distinguish|Dadar–Tirunelveli Chalukya Express|Chalukya Express{{!}}Dadar–Yesvantpur Chalukya Express}}
{{Notability|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
|name = Dadar–Puducherry Chalukya Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status =
| image = Chalukya Express Name Board 1.jpg
| caption = Chalukya Express train board
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Tamilnadu]] & [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| first = {{Start date |df=yes|2012|11|09}}
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railways]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Dadar}} (DR)
| stops = 39
| end = {{stnlnk|Puducherry}} (PDY)
| distance = {{convert|1639|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 33 hours 45 minutes
| frequency = Tri-weekly {{efn|Runs three days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| trainnumber = 11005 / 11006
| speed = {{convert|49|km/h|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:Chalukya Express (Dadar - Puducherry) route map.png|300px]]
| map_state =
}}
[[File:Chalukya Exp. (27681773960).jpg|thumb|270x270px|Puducherry Dadar Chalukya Express kicks up dust to pass through Ammasandra]]
The 11005 / 11006 '''Dadar–Puducherry Chalukya Express''' is an express train of the Indian Railways connecting {{stnlnk|Puducherry}} in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] and {{stnlnk|Dadar}} of [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. It is currently being operated with 11005 / 11006 train numbers on daily basis.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=137514 Commission of Railway Safety Submits Preliminary Report on Derailment of Train No. 11006 Puducheri – Dadar Express]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/railway-safety-commissioner-to-probe-into-train-derailment/article8027687.ece Railway Safety Commissioner to probe into train derailment]</ref>

== History ==
This train gets its name from the [[Chalukya dynasty]] that ruled the Karnataka region. Earlier, this train used to runs up to {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} in [[Bengaluru]] with six days with the No. 11017/11018. It Was Extended up to {{stnlnk|Puducherry}} and {{stnlnk|Tirunelveli Junction}} with tri weekly days to each. Remaining 3 days, it runs as train, [[Dadar–Tirunelveli Chalukya Express]] with train no. 11021/11022.

== Route and halts ==
* '''{{stnlnk|Dadar}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Satara}}
* [[Karad railway station|Karad]]
* {{stnlnk|Sangli}}
* {{stnlnk|Miraj Junction}}
'''''Maharashtra - Karnataka State Border'''''
*{{stnlnk|Kudachi}}
* {{stnlnk|Belagavi}}
* {{stnlnk|Londa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hubli}}
* {{stnlnk|Davangere}}
* {{stnlnk|Arsikere Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Chikkabanavara Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|SMVT Bengaluru}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Bangarapet Junction}}
'''''Karnataka - Tamil Nadu State Border'''''
* '''{{stnlnk|Katpadi Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Tiruvannamalai}}
* {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}}
'''''Tamil Nadu State - Puducherry UT Border'''''
* '''{{stnlnk|Puducherry}}'''

== Traction ==
The train is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Royapuram|Royapuram]]-based [[WAP-7]] or [[Bhusawal]] based [[WAP-4]] end to end

== Direction reversal ==
The train reverses its direction 1 time:
* {{stnlnk|Katpadi Junction}}

== Timing ==
11005 – Leaves Dadar, ([[Mumbai]]) at 21:30 Hrs IST on Sunday, Monday, Friday and reaches [[Puducherry railway station|Puducherry]] on Tuesday, Wednesday, Sunday at morning 7:15 AM IST.

11006 – Leaves [[Puducherry railway station|Puducherry]] every Tuesday, Wednesday, Sunday at 21:30 Hrs and reaches Dadar on Thursday, Friday, Tuesday at 5:45 AM IST.

== Coach composition ==
* 1 AC II Tier
* 3 AC III Tier
* 9 Sleeper Coaches
* 3 General

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 17
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||GRD||GEN||GEN||B2||B1||A1||S9||S8||S7||S6||S5||S4||S3||S2||S1||GEN||GRD
|}

== See also ==
* [[Dadar–Tirunelveli Chalukya Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Ernakulam Duronto Express]]
* [[Mumbai–Nagercoil Express]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/runningstatus/11005-dr-pdy-express 11005/Chalukya Express]
* [https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/runningstatus/11006-chalukya-exp 11006/Chalukya Express]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dadar-Puducherry Chalukya Express}}

[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Transport in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2012]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Cambay Shale Formation

2025-12-21T07:13:20Z

Ilushikpub:

{{Short description|Geologic formation in India}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Cambay Shale Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = Early [[Eocene]] ~{{fossil range|55|54}}
| period = [[Eocene]]
| prilithology = [[Shale]]
| otherlithology = [[Claystone]] [[Siltstone]] [[Sandstone]]
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| subunits =
| thickness =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India#India Gujarat
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India#India Gujarat
| lat_deg = 21.3264
| lon_deg = 72.9828
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 13
}}
}}
}}

The '''Cambay Shale Formation''' is an [[Ypresian|Early Eocene]]-aged [[geologic formation]] in the Cambay Basin, [[India]]. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the [[Olpad Formation]] and is, in turn, overlain by the [[Anklesvar Formation]] in the southern part of the basin and by [[Kalol Formation]] in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic [[Kadi Formation]] and finally by [[Tharad Formation]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chowdhary |first=L. R. |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/6212386 |title=Petroleum geology of the Cambay Basin, Gujarat., India |date=2004 |publisher=Indian Petroleum Publishers |isbn=978-81-900361-3-9 |location=Dehradun}}</ref>

==Paleobiota==
=== Vertebrates ===

==== Mammals ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/paleo_loc.php?id=53536|title=Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Anthracobunia|Anthracobunian]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan = 3 | ''[[Cambaytherium]]''
| ''C. thewissi''
| rowspan = 3 |
| rowspan = 3 | A [[Cambaytheriidae|cambaytheriid]].
| rowspan = 3 |
|-
|''C. gracilis''
|-
|''C. bidens''
|-
| ''[[Kalitherium]]''
| ''K. marinus ''
|
| Another [[Cambaytheriidae|cambaytheriid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Indobune]]''
| ''I. vastanensis ''
|
| A possible [[Anthracobunidae|anthracobunid]].
|
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Primate]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Rana |first2=Rajendra S. |last3=Sahni |first3=Ashok |last4=Kumar |first4=Kishor |last5=Missiaen |first5=Pieter |last6=Singh |first6=Lachham |last7=Smith |first7=Thierry |title=Early Eocene Primates from Gujarat, India |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=April 2009 |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=366–404 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.008 |pmid=19303624 }}</ref> from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan = 2 | ''[[Asiadapis]]''
| ''A. cambayensis''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | An [[Asiadapinae|Asiadapine]].
| rowspan =2 |
|-
|''A. tapiensis''
|-
| ''[[Marcgodinotius]]''
| ''M. indicus ''
|
| Another [[Asiadapinae|Asiadapine]].
|
|-
| rowspan =2 | ''[[Vastanomys]]''
| ''V. gracilis''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | A [[Omomyidae|omomyid]].
| rowspan =2 |
|-
|''V. major''
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Hyaenodont]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Indohyaenodon]]''
| ''I.raoi''
|
| A [[hyaenodont]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Dichobunidae|Dichobunid]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan =2 | ''[[Gujaratia]]''
| ''G. indica''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | A [[Diacodexeidae|Diacodexeid]].
| rowspan =2 | [[File:Diacodexis pakistanensis e.jpg|center|100px|frameless]]
|-
|''G. pakistanensis''
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Tapiromorph]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Cambaylophus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kapur |first1=Vivesh V. |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |title=Oldest South Asian tapiromorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Cambay Shale Formation, western India, with comments on its phylogenetic position and biogeographic implications |journal=Journal of Palaeosciences |date=31 December 2015 |volume=64 |issue=1–2 |pages=95–103 |doi=10.54991/jop.2015.104 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| ''C. vastanensis''
|
| A [[tapiromorph]].
|
|-
| ''[[Vastanolophus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Thierry |last2=Solé |first2=Floréal |last3=Missiaen |first3=Pieter |last4=Rana |first4=Rajendra |last5=Kumar |first5=Kishor |last6=Sahni |first6=Ashok |last7=Rose |first7=Kenneth |title=First early Eocene tapiroid from India and its implication for the paleobiogeographic origin of perissodactyls |journal=Palaeovertebrata |date=8 September 2015 |doi=10.18563/pv.39.2.e5 }}</ref>
| ''V. holbrooki''
|
| A [[tapiromorph]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Cimolesta|Cimolestan]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Suratilestes]]''
| ''S. gingerichi''
|
| A [[Cimolesta|cimolestan]].
|
|-
| ''[[Anthraconyx]]''
| ''A. hypsomylus''
|
| A [[Esthonychidae|esthonychid]]
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Bat]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[ Archaeonycteris]]''
| '' A. storchi''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[Protonycteris]]''
| '' P. gunnelli''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[Cambaya (bat)|Cambaya]]''
| '' C. complexus''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[Hassianycteris]]''
| '' H. kumari''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[Icaronycteris]]''
| '' I. sigei''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[Jaegeria(bat)|Jaegeria]]''
| '' J. cambayensis''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
| ''[[ Microchiropteryx]]''
| '' M. folieae''
|
| A [[bat]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''Other [[mammal]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Frugivastodon]]''
| '' F. cristatus''
|
| A [[Apatemyidae|apatemyid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Indolestes (mammal)|Indolestes]]''
| '' I. kalamensis''
|
| An [[Adapisoriculidae|adapisoriculid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Indodelphis]]''
| '' I. luoi''
|
| A [[opossum]].
|
|-
| ''[[Meldimys]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rana |first1=Rajendra S. |last2=Kumar |first2=Kishor |last3=Escarguel |first3=Gilles |last4=Sahni |first4=Ashok |last5=Rose |first5=Kenneth D. |last6=Smith |first6=Thierry |last7=Singh |first7=Hukam |last8=Singh |first8=Lachham |title=An Ailuravine Rodent from the Lower Eocene Cambay Formation at Vastan, Western India, and Its Palaeobiogeographic Implications |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |date=January 2008 |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.4202/app.2008.0101 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| '' M. musak''
|
| A [[rodent]].
|
|-
| ''[[Indonyctia]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Debasis P. |last2=Carolin |first2=Nora |last3=Bajpai |first3=Sunil |title=A nyctitheriid insectivore (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of Asian affinity from the early Eocene of India |journal=Historical Biology |date=3 July 2022 |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=1157–1165 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1966002 }}</ref>
| '' I. cambayensis''
|
| A [[nyctitheriid]].
|
|-
|''[[Pahelia]]''
|''P. mysteriosa''
|
|A herbivorous mammal of uncertain affinities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zack |first=Shawn P. |last2=Rose |first2=Kenneth D. |last3=Holbrook |first3=Luke T. |last4=Kumar |first4=Kishor |last5=Rana |first5=Rajendra S. |last6=Smith |first6=Thierry |date=2021 |title=An enigmatic new ungulate-like mammal from the early Eocene of India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1288 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=497–520 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1288 |issn=2056-2802}}</ref>
|
|-
|}

==== Birds ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Bird]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Vastanavis]]''
| ''V.eocaena''
|
| A [[parrot]].
|
|-
|}

==== Reptiles ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Lizard]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Indiagama]]''
| ''I. gujarata''
|
| A [[iguanian]].
|
|-
| ''[[Suratagama]]''
| ''S. neeraae''
|
| A [[iguanian]].
|
|-
| ''[[Tinosaurus]]''
| ''T. indicus''
|
| A [[iguanian]].
|
|-
| ''[[Vastanagama]]''
| ''V. susanae''
|
| A [[iguanian]].
|
|-
| ''[[Heterodontagama]]''
| ''H. borsukae''
|
| A [[Priscagamidae|priscagamid]] [[iguanian]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Snake]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Platyspondylophis]]''
| ''P. tadkeshwarensis''
|
| A [[Madtsoiidae|Madtsoiid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Russellophis]]''
| ''R. crassus''
|
| A [[russelophiid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Procerophis]]''
| ''P. sahnii''
|
| A [[snake]].
|
|-
| ''[[Thaumastophis]]''
| ''T. missiaeni''
|
| A [[snake]].
|
|-
| ''[[Palaeophis]]''
| ''P. vastaniensis''
|
| A [[paleophiid]] [[snake]].
|
|-
|}

==== Amphibians ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Amphibian]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Eobarbourula]]''
| ''E. delfinoi''
|
| A [[toad]].
|
|-
| ''[[Indorana]]''
| ''I.prasadi''
|
| A [[frog]].
|
|-
|}

==== Ray-finned fish ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="8" align="center" | '''[[Actinopterygii|Ray-finned fish]] from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position
!Material!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Avitoplectus]]''
| ''A. molaris''
|
|Lower jaw
| A bizarre [[Tetraodontiformes|tetraodontiform]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bemis |first=Katherine E. |last2=Tyler |first2=James C. |last3=Bemis |first3=William E. |last4=Kumar |first4=Kishor |last5=Rana |first5=Rajendra Singh |last6=Smith |first6=Thierry |date=2017-11-02 |title=A gymnodont fish jaw with remarkable molariform teeth from the early Eocene of Gujarat, India (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2017.1369422 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=37 |issue=6 |article-number=e1369422 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1369422 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Diodon]]''
|''D.'' sp.
|
|Teeth
|A [[porcupinefish]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rana |first=R. S. |last2=Kumar |first2=K. |last3=Singh |first3=H. |date=2004 |title=Vertebrate fauna from the subsurface Cambay Shale (Lower Eocene), Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24109773 |journal=Current Science |volume=87 |issue=12 |pages=1726–1733 |issn=0011-3891}}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Egertonia]]''
|''E.'' sp.
|
|Teeth
|A [[Phyllodontidae|phyllodontid]] [[Elopomorpha|elopomorph]].<ref name=":0" />
|
|-
|?''[[Enchodus]]''
|?''E.'' sp.
|
|Teeth
|An [[Enchodontidae|enchodontid]] [[Aulopiformes|aulopiform]]. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise [[Cretaceous]] genus,<ref name=":0" /> but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Matthew P. |last2=Fielitz |first2=Christopher |date=December 2010 |title=Estimating divergence times of lizardfishes and their allies (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) and the timing of deep-sea adaptations |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=1194–1208 |bibcode=2010MolPE..57.1194D |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.003 |pmid=20854916}}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Eotrigonodon]]''
|''E. indicus''
|
|Teeth
|A [[Pycnodontidae|pycnodont]].<ref name=":0" />
|
|-
|''[[Eutrichiurides]]''
|''E.'' sp.
|
|Teeth
|A [[cutlassfish]].<ref name=":0" />
|
|-
|[[Osteoglossidae]] indet.
|
|
|Teeth, scales
|A [[Osteoglossidae|bonytongue]].<ref name=":0" />
|
|-
|''[[Barracuda|Sphyraena]]''
|''S.'' sp.
|
|Teeth
|A [[barracuda]].<ref name=":0" />
|
|-
|''[[Stephanodus]]''
|''S. lybicus''
|
|Teeth
|A pycnodont.<ref name=":0" />
|
|}

=== Arthropods ===
====Crabs====

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Crab]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Philyra (crustacean)|Philyra]]''
| ''P. karkata''
|
| A [[leucosiid]] crab.
|
|-
|}

====Insects====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Beetle]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Protoclaviger]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)01142-7?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982214011427%3Fshowall%3Dtrue|title=Specialized Myrmecophily at the Ecological Dawn of Modern Ants: Current Biology}}</ref>
| ''P.trichodens''
|
| A [[Beetle]].
|
|-
| ''[[Cambaltica]]''
| ''C. paleoindica''
|
| A [[Flea Beetle]].
|
|-
| ''[[Paleosorius]]''
| ''P. cambayensis''
|
| A [[Rove Beetle]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Hemiptera]]ns<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2015/issue-3823/3823.1/Diverse-New-Scale-Insects-Hemiptera--Coccoidea-in-Amber-from/10.1206/3823.1.short | doi=10.1206/3823.1 | title=Diverse New Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a Phylogenetic Framework for Fossil Coccoidea | year=2015 | last1=Vea | first1=Isabelle M. | last2=Grimaldi | first2=David A. | journal=American Museum Novitates | issue=3823 | pages=1–15 | s2cid=73702369 }}</ref> from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan =2 | ''[[Heteromargarodes]]''
| ''H. hukamsinghi''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | A [[Margarodidae|sand pearl]].
| rowspan =2 |
|-
|''H. americanus''
|-
| ''[[Normarkicoccus]]''
| ''N. cambayae''
|
| A [[diaspididae|diaspidid]] [[scale insect]].
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Neuroptera]]ns from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan =4 | ''[[Spiloconis]]''<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2013/issue-3770/3770.2/Coniopterygidae-Neuroptera--Aleuropteryginae-in-Amber-from-the-Eocene-of/10.1206/3770.2.short | doi=10.1206/3770.2 | title=Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera: Aleuropteryginae) in Amber from the Eocene of India and the Miocene of Hispaniola | year=2013 | last1=Grimaldi | first1=David | last2=Engel | first2=Michael S. | last3=Nascimbene | first3=Paul c. | last4=Singh | first4=Hukam | journal=American Museum Novitates | issue=3770 | pages=20–39 | s2cid=56567508 }}</ref>
| ''S. sexguttata''
| rowspan =4 |
| rowspan =4 | A [[Aleuropteryginae|Aleuropterygine]] [[Coniopterygidae|Coniopterygid]].
| rowspan =4 |
|-
|''S. glaesaria''
|-
|''S. oediloma''
|-
|''S. eominuta''
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Bee]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan = 2 | ''[[Melikertes]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Engel |first1=Michael S. |last2=Ortega-Blanco |first2=Jaime |last3=Nascimbene |first3=Paul C. |last4=Singh |first4=Hukam |title=The bees of Early Eocene Cambay amber (Hymenoptera: Apidae) |journal=Journal of Melittology |date=17 December 2013 |issue=25 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.17161/jom.v0i25.4659 |hdl=1808/14444 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
| ''M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis''
| rowspan = 2 |
| rowspan = 2 | A [[bee]].
| rowspan = 2 |
|-
|''M. (Melikertes) kamboja''
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Wasp]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Trichelyon]]''
| ''T. tadkeshwarense''
|
| A [[braconid]] wasp.
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Termite]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Engel |first1=Michael |last2=Grimaldi |first2=David |last3=Nascimbene |first3=Paul |last4=Singh |first4=Hukam |title=The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera) |journal=ZooKeys |date=21 November 2011 |issue=148 |pages=105–123 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.148.1797 |pmid=22287892 |pmc=3264413 |doi-access=free }}</ref> from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Nanotermes]]''
| ''N. isaacae''
|
| A [[Termitidae|termitid]] termite.
| [[File:ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Nanotermes isaacae.jpg|100px|center|frameless]]
|-
| ''[[Prostylotermes]]''
| ''P. kamboja''
|
| A [[Stylotermitidae|Stylotermitid]] termite.
| [[File:ZooKeys-148-105-g002 Prostylotermes kamboja a.jpg|100px|center|frameless]]
|-
| ''[[Parastylotermes]]''
| ''P. krishnai''
|
| A [[Stylotermitidae|Stylotermitid]] termite.
| [[File:ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Parastylotermes krishnai.jpg|100px|center|frameless]]
|-
| ''[[Zophotermes]]''
| ''Z. ashoki''
|
| A [[Rhinotermitidae|Rhinotermitid]] termite
| [[File:ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Zophotermes ashoki.jpg|100px|center|frameless]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Fly|Flies]] from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Sycorax (fly)|Sycorax]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=RüDiger |last2=Agnihotri |first2=Priya |last3=Singh |first3=Hukam |title=A new species of Sycorax (Sycoracinae: Psychodidae) from the Lower Eocene amber of Tadkeshwar, Gujarat, India |journal=Palaeoentomology |date=25 August 2022 |volume=5 |issue=4 |doi=10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.4 }}</ref>
| ''S. longistyla''
|
| A [[Psychodidae|moth fly]].
|
|-
| ''[[Phlebotoiella]]''
| ''P. eoindianensis ''
|
| A [[Psychodidae|moth fly]] of unceritian affinities.
|
|-
| ''[[Dicranomyia]]''
| ''D. (Dicranomyia) indica ''
|
| The oldest known [[Crane fly]] and [[Tipulomorpha|tipulomorph]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kania |first1=Iwona |last2=Krzemiński |first2=Wiesław |last3=Stebner |first3=Frauke |last4=Singh |first4=Hukam |title=The first representative of Tipulomorpha (Diptera) from Early Eocene Cambay amber (India) |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=263–269 |doi=10.1017/S1755691017000433 }}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan =2 | ''[[Stempellina]]''
| ''S.pollex''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | A non-biting midge
| rowspan =2 |
|-
|''S.stebneri''
|-
| rowspan =2 | ''[[Tanytarsus]]''
| ''T.forfex''
| rowspan =2 |
| rowspan =2 | A non-biting midge
| rowspan =2 |
|-
|''T.ramus''
|-
| ''[[Camptopterohelea]]''
| ''C. odora''
|
| A non-biting midge
|
|-
| ''[[Eohelea]]''
| ''E. indica''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Gedanohelea]]''
| ''G. gerdesorum''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Indorrhina]]''
| ''I.sahnii''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Lygistorrhina (mammal)|Lygistorrhina]]''
| ''L. indica''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Meunierohelea]]''
| ''M. borkenti''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Meunierohelea]]''
| ''M. cambayana''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Meunierohelea]]''
| ''M. orientalis''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
| ''[[Palaeognoriste]]''
| ''P. orientale''
|
| A [[biting midge]]
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Embioptera|Webspinner]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Kumarembia]]''
| ''K. hurleyi''
|
| One of the few fossil [[Embioptera|Webspinner]]s known.
|
|-
|}

====Arachnids====

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Amblypygi|Whip spider]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Paracharonopsis]]''<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last1=Engel |first1=Michael S. |last2=Grimaldi |first2=David A |title=Whipspiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) in amber from the Early Eocene and mid-Cretaceous, including maternal care |journal=Novitates Paleoentomologicae |date=6 August 2014 |issue=9 |page=1 |doi=10.17161/np.v0i9.4765 |hdl=1808/15287 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
| ''P. cambayensis''
|
| A [[Paracharontidae|Paracharontid]].
|
|-
|}

=== Plants ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Plant]]s from the Cambay Shale formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Stratigraphic position !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Pterospermoxylon]]''
| '' P. suratensis''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
| ''[[Anthocephalophyllum]]''
| '' A. vastanicum''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
| ''[[Ebenoxylon]]''
| '' E. cambayense''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
| ''[[Gardeniophyllum]]''
| '' G. cambayum''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
| ''[[Calophyllaceophyllum]]''
| '' C. eocenicum''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
| ''[[Carallioipollenites]]''
| '' C. integerrimoides''
|
| An [[angiosperm]] known from fossilised [[pollen]].
|
|-
| ''[[Gynocardia]]''
| '' G. eocenica''
|
| An [[angiosperm]].
|
|-
|}

{{paleobiota-key-compact}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Eocene Asia]]
[[Category:Shale formations]]
[[Category:Ypresian Stage]]

West Indian leopard gecko

2025-12-16T04:01:45Z

Ilushikpub: starting initial article needs work

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = West Indian leopard gecko
| image = West Indian leopard gecko Eublepharis fuscus by Krishna Khan Amravati.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Srinivasulu, C. | author2 = Srinivasulu, B. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Eublepharis fuscus'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2013 | page = e.T172683A1366357 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2013 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/172683/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172683A1366357.en | access-date = 6 January 2018| doi-access = free }}</ref>
| genus = Eublepharis
| species = fuscus
| authority = [[Achim-Rüdiger Börner|Börner]], 1981
| synonyms = ''Eublepharis macularius'' ssp. ''fuscus'' Börner, 1981
}}

The '''West Indian leopard gecko''' ('''''Eublepharis fuscus''''') is a species of [[leopard gecko]] found in western [[India]], with its range possibly extending to southeastern Pakistan.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Eublepharis|species=fuscus}}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] "fuscus" means dark or dusky.<ref name=RDB/>

==Description==
It has a robust habitus and can reach {{convert|252|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.<ref name=RDB/>

==Distribution==
The gecko is widely distributed in western India: it is known from the [[Western Ghats]] (northern [[Karnataka]] and parts of [[Maharashtra]]) as well as from [[Gujarat]]. It might occur in Pakistan.<ref name=IUCN/>

==Habitat and behavior==
It can be found in forested hill tracts, scrub, boulders and scrubland. It is a [[nocturnal]], terrestrial gecko that feeds on scorpions and other arthropods.<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Börner, A. R. 1981 Third contribution to the systematics of the southwest Asian lizards of the geckonid genus ''Eublepharis'' Gray 1827: Further materials from the Indian subcontinent. Saurologica, (3):1-7
* Das, I. 1997 Resolution of the systematic status of ''Eublepharis macularius fuscus'' Boerner, 1981 (EublepharidaSauria: Squamata). Hamadryad 22 (1): 13-20
* Mirza, Z. & Upadhye, R. 2010. Zur Verbreitung und Lebensweise des in Indien endemischen Lidgeckos ''Eublepharis fuscus'' Börner 1981. Sauria 32 (3): 15–23.

==External links==
* {{NRDB species|genus=Eublepharis|species=fuscus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2530380}}

[[Category:Eublepharis]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1981]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Achim-Rüdiger Börner]]

{{gecko-stub}}

Kaddam, Nirmal district

2025-12-13T06:01:32Z

Ilushikpub: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaddam
| settlement_type = Mandal
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.097359|N|78.780173|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 293
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 504202
| registration_plate = AP01
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kaddam''' is a [[village]] in [[Nirmal district]] in the state of [[Telangana]] in south [[India]].

==Geography==
Kaddam is located at {{coord|19.097359|N|78.780173|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kaddam,+Telangana+504202,+India/@19.0973643,78.7775981,17z/data=!4m21!1m15!4m14!1m6!1m2!1s0x4741837bdf37e4c3:0xc4290c1e1010!2sHungary!2m2!1d19.503304!2d47.162494!1m6!1m2!1s0x3bcd7b1ae3d5f629:0x4a694216dfd6b095!2sKaddam,+Telangana+504202,+India!2m2!1d78.7802054!2d19.09784!3m4!1s0x3bcd7b1ae3d5f629:0x4a694216dfd6b095!8m2!3d19.09784!4d78.7802054 Google Maps.Kaddam]</ref> It has an average elevation of 293 meters (964 feet).

==Demographics==
{{update|section|date=February 2012}}
According to [[Indian census]], 2001, the demographic details of Kaddam mandal is as follows
*Villages: 76
*Panchayats: 25
*Total Population: 52,703 in 13,036 Households.
*Male Population: 25,937 and Female Population: 26,766<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaddam Peddur Population 2023, Mandal Village List in Adilabad, Telangana |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Telangana/Adilabad/Kaddam_Peddur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324162346/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Telangana/Adilabad/Kaddam_Peddur |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 March 2014 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=www.indiagrowing.com}}</ref>

==Villages==
The villages in Kaddam mandal includes: Peddur, Chinna Camp, Khannapur or Kannapur, Kondukur, Patha Kondukur or Old Kondukur, Pedda Bellal, Uppari, Gudam, HariZana Wada, MorriGudam, Chinna Bellal, Peraka Palli, Chityal, Ella Gadapa or Yella Gadapa, Sarangapur or SarangaPoor, LingaPoor or Lingapur, Muthyampet, Peddur Tanda, Dharmaji pet, Pandvapur, Ambaripet, Godisiryala, Boothkur, Laxmipur, Navabpet, Kalleda, Gangapur, Dosthnagar, Allampalli, Munyal, Maddipadaga, Dasturabad, Bhuthkur, Singapur, Rajura, Devuniguddam, Rampoor, Perkapella, Godiseral, Revojipet, Buttapour, Mallapour, Islampour, Meddachintha, Gandigopalpour, Misampet.

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}{{Nirmal district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nirmal district]]

Kozhinjampara

2025-09-30T03:02:08Z

Ilushikpub: minor add structure based on references additionally and added references

{{Other uses|Kozhinjampara (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kozhinjampara
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Kozhinjampara01.jpg
| image_alt = kozhinjampara
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|44|0|N|76|51|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Kozhinjampara Grama panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 11.06
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12,311
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911111246/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 678555
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04923
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL-70]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kozhinjampara''' is a town in the [[Palakkad district]], state of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It forms a part of the area administered by the [[Kozhinjampara (gram panchayat)|Kozhinjampara gram panchayat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224689&rlbtype=V |access-date=1 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208204444/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224689&rlbtype=V |archive-date=8 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} Indian [[census]], Kozhinjampara village had a population of 12,311, with 6,042 males and 6,269 females. The total number of households in the village limit is 2,919. Kozhinjampara village has a lower literacy rate compared to Kerala. In 2011, the literacy rate of Kozhinjampara village was 84.17%, compared to 94.00% for Kerala. In Kozhinjampara, male literacy stands at 90.47%, while the female literacy rate was 78.12%.<ref>http://censusindia.gov.in › dchbPDF
Web results
Palakkad - DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK</ref>

Rowther biriyani is a traditional food available in Kozhinjampara

==Education==
* Government Arts and Science College, Kozhinjanpara
*Baratmata arts and science college kozhinjamapara
*VHSC Sathram
*St Paul's higher secondary school, Kozhinjampara
*Bagavathi higher secondary school, Vanamada
*St Paul's High school
*St Martin high school
*Vanamada high school
*St xavier cbse school
*Saraswathi cbse school
*Govt up school Koozhinjampara, Athicode, Nattukal, Pudur

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Palakkad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

Mambalam

2025-09-10T20:09:35Z

Ilushikpub: further added section to improve readability and updated info per sources

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mambalam
| native_name = (from Maha Vilvam)
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| other_name = West Mambalam
| settlement_type = neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Mambalam, Chennai##Mambalam, Tamil Nadu##Mambalam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|02|17|N|80|13|20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name3 = Mambalam
| subdivision_type4 = Metro
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type5 = Zone
| subdivision_name5 = Kodambakkam
| subdivision_type6 = Ward
| subdivision_name6 = 133,135,140
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 35
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Tamil
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600033
| registration_plate = TN-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Chennai South
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[T. Nagar]] [[Saidapet]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''West Mambalam''' is a residential and commercial area in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is known for its shops, bazaars and [[Hindu]] temples. It is bounded by [[Kodambakkam]] to the north and [[Saidapet]] to the south. [[T. Nagar]] and [[Nandanam]] stretch along its entire eastern frontier while [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]] lies to its west. The [[Ayodhya Mandapam]] is an important landmark.

==Etymology==
Mambalam is believed to have derived its name from the existence of Maha [[Aegle marmelos|vilvam]] trees in the locality, which in due course become ''Mavilam'' and then ''Mambalam''.<ref>{{cite news|title=When the postman knocked…|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3224127.ece|access-date=12 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

Alternatively, in ancient times it was descriptively known as ''Mylai mel ambalam'' (place located on the west of Mylai). It was shortly referred as mel-ambalam, finally converging colloquially over time as Mambalam.

With the [[Mambalam railway station|Mambalam railway line]] dividing the locality into East Mambalam and West Mambalam, and with East Mambalam having renamed as "Thyagaraya Nagar", the western part continues to be known as "West Mambalam" today.

== History ==
Prior to its inclusion in the then city of [[Madras]], Mambalam was a village in the Saidapet taluk of [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chingleput district]].<ref name="villagesp103">{{cite book|title=Alphabetical list of villages in taluks and districts of Madras Presidency|page=103|year=1930}}</ref> The oldest surviving reference to Mambalam is believed to be in a 1726 stone plaque commemorating the construction of the Marmalong Bridge (now known as Maraimalai Adigal Bridge) across the [[Adyar river]] by the merchant [[Coja Petrus Uscan]]. The bridge is believed to have been named after the village of Marmalong or Marmalan identified with Mambalam. The village was, then, a ''[[zamindari]]'' administered by ''zamindar''s belonging to a Telugu-speaking [[Reddi]] family.

Urbanisation of Mambalam was started in 1911 with the construction of the [[Mambalam railway station]] on the Madras-Kanchipuram railroad.<ref name="tnagar">{{cite news | last=Varghese | first=Nina | title= T.Nagar: Shop till you drop, and then shop some more | date=29 August 2006 | url =http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/08/29/stories/2006082903011900.htm | work =The Hindu Business Line}}</ref> The Long Tank, which formed the western frontier of Madras city, was drained out in 1923.<ref name="tnagar" /> The same year, the administration of Mambalam was handed over to the British by its ''zamindar''.<ref name="asianjournalp658">{{cite book|title=The Journal of Asian studies, Volume 58|page=658|publisher=Association of Asian Studies|year=1999}}</ref> The township of [[Theagaraya Nagar]], popularly known as T. Nagar, was constructed in the southern part of the ''zamindari'' during 1923–25. The townships of Mambalam and Theagaraya Nagar covering an area of 1.008 sq. miles were included in the Mambalam division of Madras city.<ref name="madrashistoryp287">{{cite book | title=History of the City of Madras: Written for the Tercentenary Celebration Committee| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57371| first1=C. S.|last1=Srinivasachari| first2=S. E.|last2=Runganadhan| year=1939| page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57371/page/n367 287]| publisher=P. Varadachary and Co| location=Madras}}</ref> These outlying residential suburbs were connected to the rest of the city by an effective bus service.<ref name="madrashistoryp287" /> The areas surrounding Arya Gowda Road (originally the Ari Gowder Road) were obtained from [[Badagas|Badaga]] leader and politician [[H. B. Ari Gowder]]. In its early days, Mambalam was affected by sanitation issues and was notorious for its filaria epidemics. This area was annexed to Chennai in 1946.

Starting from the 1960s, Mambalam grew into a middle-class residential neighbourhood in counterbalance to the sister-township of Theagaraya Nagar which was evolving into a busy shopping district.

==Corporation ward office==
Mambalam has 3 corporation wards under the old zone of 8 and new zone 10. Ward no 123/133 and 125/135 comes under T.Nagar Constituency and Ward no 133/140 comes under Saidapet Constituency of South Chennai
* 123/133 - Ram Colony
* 125/135 - Thambiah Reddy Road
* 133/140 - Reddy Kuppam road

==Revenue Taluk and Police Station==
'''Revenue Taluk'''
Mambalam comes under the Taluk of Mambalam which is situated in K.K. Nagar.

'''Police Station'''
Mambalam comes under the jurisdiction of '''R3 Ashok Nagar''' police station which serves people in and around Ayodhya Mandapam. Whereas '''R6 Kumaran Nagar''' police station serves people of Mambalam near Jafferkhanpet and Saidapet West.

Nearest Fire Service and Rescue Station is in Ashok Nagar.

==Transport==
West Mambalam is served by [[Mambalam railway station]] (the busiest station after Chennai Central, Egmore and Tambaram), providing access to Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore and Tambaram. The nearest bus terminus is T. Nagar. The bus service connects the area to K.K.Nagar, Vadapalani, Iyyppanthangal, Poonamallee, T. Nagar and Broadway (via Postal Colony), Mylapore and Vallalar Nagar (via Rangarajapuram) and Saligramam (via Brindavan Street), West Saidapet and Besant Nagar (via Mettupalayam). Other less frequent services connect the area to Taramani, Guindy Industrial Estate, Pattabiram, Tollgate and Kundrathur. Addition to that Small bus operated between Ashok Pillar to Liberty via 4th and 7th avenue of Ashok Nagar, Ayodhya Mandapam, Rangarajapuram. Nearest Metro Rail Station is Ashok Nagar.

Only 4 buses pass through this area, which connects to Broadway, Iyappanthangal, K.K. Nagar etc.

Mambalam comes under RTO West which is situated K.K. Nagar next to the Mambalam Taluk building.
The Licence Registration is TN-09.

==Playgrounds==
In Bhakthavathchalam street in Mambalam there is a playground popularly referred to as "Thambiah Reddy Ground". It is a relatively small ground and generally only cricket is played there. Mambalam is also home to several parks. One of the parks is situated in Elliamman Koil Street and the park is called 'Kittu Park'.
Cartman Street West Mambalam's most famous football ground is known as 'PSN ground'.

==Landmarks==
'''Temples''': There are many historical temples which are more than 100 years old.

'''Bus stand:''' The [[T. Nagar]] Bus Stand, located in close proximity to Mambalam, is one of Chennai’s busiest transportation hubs. It serves as a major junction for buses connecting various parts of the city. The bus stand is well-known for its proximity to shopping areas like Pondy Bazaar, making it a key transit point for locals and visitors alike.

The T. Nagar Bus Stand is a crucial node in the city’s public transport system, especially for those traveling between South Chennai, Central Chennai, and the Western suburbs. It is also a key point for commuters traveling to Mambalam, as buses to and from Mambalam frequently pass through this area.

'''Railway station:''' The [[Mambalam railway station|Mambalam Railway Station]] is a significant railway station in Chennai, located on the Chennai–Arakkonam line. It serves the Mambalam locality and surrounding areas, providing easy access to both suburban and long-distance trains. The station is well-connected to various parts of the city, making it an essential transit hub for daily commuters.

The station is equipped with basic amenities, including ticket counters, waiting rooms, and parking facilities. It also serves as a key point for those traveling to and from Mambalam, as well as nearby areas such as T. Nagar and West Mambalam.

'''Ayodhya Mandapam''', which is said to be the place of vocalists, offers place for many cultural events. Other temples include Sathya Narayana Kovil, Kasi Viswanathar Koil, Kodhandaramar temple, Pushpa Vinayagar Kovil, Adhi Kesava Perumal Temple near Govindan Road, Muragashramam, Shree Muthu Mari Amman Temple (Ganapathy Street), Shree Jaya Muthu Mari Amman Temple(Brindavanam Street), Shree Periyapalayathu Amman Temple (Near Dhuraisamy Subway), Mahaganapathy temple (Arya Gowder road), Kali Bari temple (Kali Bari is a miniature replica of the famous Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata). There is also a Shirdi Sai Baba temple (Jai Shankar Street), and an Annai meditation center.

'''Mosques''': Mosque is located in Chakrapani Street extension.

'''Church''': ECI Church is located in Govindan road at Mettupalayam Bus Stop
"Church" Advent Church is located in Pal more street West Mambalam Subway Bus Stop.

'''Schools''': SBSM Jain School, Ahobila Mutt Oriental School, JGHV School, Sitaram Vidhyalaya, Anjugam, Little Oxford, Sri Narayana Mission School, SRM Nightingale, GRT Mahalakshmi School, Hindu Vidhyalaya, Oxford Matriculation Higher Secondary School.

'''Theaters''': There is an old theater called Srinivasa Theater. Another theater, National Theater, earlier situated in Lake View Road, got demolished in the late 90's.

'''Sanskrit Research Centre''': Fellowship of Sanskrit Culture, Sanskrit Teachers' Association, Sanskrit Research Centre are all located in the same building in Arangappan Street, near Srinivasa theatre.

== Notable People from Mambalam ==
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]: Indian Cricketer
* [[T. N. Seshagopalan|T.N.Seshagopalan]] : Carnatic Musician
* [[Komal Swaminathan]]: Tamil Playwright & Writer
* [[Ananthu (screenwriter)|Ananthu]]: Screenwriter, Film director
* ''' Dr.R.Thiagarajan''' (Samskrita Ratna, Sanskrit Professor) Author and Orator in English, Tamil and Sanskrit, President Fellowship of Sanskrit Culture, Yajnavalkya Sabha

==Location in context==

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Areas of Chennai'''
|Northwest = [[Vadapalani]]
|North = [[Kodambakkam]]
|Northeast = [[Nungambakkam]]
|West = [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]]
|Centre = Mambalam
|East = [[T.Nagar]] / [[Nandanam]]
|Southwest = [[Guindy]]
|South = [[Saidapet]]
|Southeast = [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]]
}}

== References ==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}
* Ashoka Mithran (7 March 2009). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090310000023/http://www.chennaionline.com/Columns/Retrochennai/Mar09/01Glorious%20_West_%20Mambalam.aspx The Glorious West Mambalam]". ''Chennai Online''.
* [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/08/29/stories/2006082903011900.htm Article on T. Nagar in The Hindu Business Line]

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Chennai district}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Sri Sairam Institute of Technology

2025-09-10T09:28:59Z

Ilushikpub: enhanced article and fixed typos per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}{{Short description|Institute in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{COI|date=May 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox University
| name = Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology
| image =
| motto =
| established = 2008
| type = [[Engineering College]]
| parent = [[Sairam Institutions]]
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty = 155
| head_label = Chairman & CEO
| head = Sai Prakash Leo Muthu
| principal = Dr. K. Palanikumar
| director = Mr Palaniandi IAS
| dean = Dr Rajendra Prasad
| students = ~2,000
| undergrad = ~1,900
| postgrad = ~120
| doctoral =
| address =
| city = [[Chennai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| postalcode = 600 044
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[Rural]]
| campus_size = {{convert|25|acre}}
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| coor = {{coord|12.960277|80.057448|display=inline,title}}
| nickname = SSIT
| affiliations = [[Anna University]]
| website = https://sairamit.edu.in/
}}

'''Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology''' (SSIT) is an engineering institution located in the suburbs of [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].
[[File:Sri Sairam Institute of Technology.jpg|thumb|Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai]]

==History==
Sairam has extended its branches in many fields. One among them is Sri Sairam Institute of Technology.
Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai, established in the year 2008 by jambulingam, Chairman of Sapthagiri Educational Trust, is non-profitable, and non-minority institution. The College is functioning at Sai Leo Nagar.

The college is affiliated to [[Anna University]] and also approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.{{cn|date=June 2020}}

==Course Offered==

* Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
* Computer and Communication Engineering
* Computer Science Engineering
* Cyber Security (CSE)
* Electrical and Electronics Engineering
* Electronics and Communication Engineering
* Information Technology
* Mechanical Engineering

==Rankings==

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)]] ranked the university between 201-300 in the engineering rankings in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>{{Infobox India university ranking|NIRF_E_2024=201-300|type=University}}

==Campus locality==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
The college is situated in a constructed area of 83.050 sq.m. at Sai Leo Nagar, West Tambaram Chennai, with facilities with regard to Classrooms, Workshops, Drawing Halls, Laboratories, Library, Auditorium, Audio Visual (A/C) Hall, Seminar Halls, Canteen & Sports complex. The college also has its own perennial water resources to cater to its various needs.{{cn|date=June 2020}}

==Infrastructure==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
*Central and Departmental Libraries
**National and International journals
**Supplementary digital resources (CD-ROMs and audio cassettes)
*Computer labs
**No WiFi Zone
*Auditorium without air conditioning facility
**Outdoor facilities
***Athletic track
***Cricket pitch
***Basketball courts
***Volleyball courts
***Football fields
*Dining Halls
**Special Dining Hall is Available for VIPs.
**Lunch Provided for students
*Transportation
**Fleet of 200 buses plying most of the routes in Chennai city

==Courses offered==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
Sairam currently offers [[Undergraduate]] degrees in engineering in the following specializations,
* B.E. Mechanical Engineering
* B.E. Electrical & Electronics Engineering
* B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
* B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
* B.Tech. Information Technology
* B.E. Civil Engineering

Also offers [[Postgraduate]] degrees in following specializations,
*MBA
*M.E Industrial Safety Engineering

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Chapters==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
[[IEEE]] Students chapter was established in the year 2013. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to students of the community.
[[Indian Society for Technical Education|ISTE]] chapter was established in the year 2013. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to staff community.
[[Computer Society of India|CSI]] Students chapter was established in the year 2010. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to students of the community.

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Chennai]]

Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri

2025-08-13T02:53:28Z

Ilushikpub: general add references also and improved wording per standard format

{{Short description|Indian physicist and academic}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = B. D. Nag Chaudhuri
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Meghnad_Saha_with_his_assistant.jpg
| alt =
| caption = B. D. Nag Chaudhuri (second from left, front row) with [[Meghnad Saha]] and others.
| office = 3rd Director General of [[Defence research and development organisation]]
| term = 1970–1974
| predecessor = [[Suri Bhagavantam]]
| successor = [[MGK Menon]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1917|09|06}}<ref name=si-physicists>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientistindia.com/specialphysicist.htm|title=Physicists|publisher=Biological Dictionary of Indian Scientists|access-date=2012-05-16|archive-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006050821/http://www.scientistindia.com/specialphysicist.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Narayanganj]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2006|06|25|1917|09|06}}<ref name=itcsra-obit>{{cite web|url=http://www.itcsra.org/sra_news_views/obituary/dr_b_d_nagchaudhuri.html|title=Dr B D Nagchaudhuri passes away|publisher=ITC Sangeet Research Academy|access-date=2012-05-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022000850/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_news_views/obituary/dr_b_d_nagchaudhuri.html|archive-date=22 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| monuments =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education = [[Banaras Hindu University]] [[Allahabad University]] [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| known_for = Building [[India]]'s first [[cyclotron]] One of the pioneers of [[nuclear physics]] in India
| notable_works =
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| module = {{Infobox scientist
| embed = yes
| fields = [[Physics]]
| years_active =
| work_institution = [[Rajabazar Science College]] [[University of Calcutta]] [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]] [[Government of India]] [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| organization = [[Indian National Science Academy]] International Foundation for Science, Sweden [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]]
}}
}}
'''Basanti Dulal Nag Chaudhuri''' (6 September 1917 – 25 June 2006) was an Indian [[Nuclear scientist]] and academic, and Scientific Advisor to the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Government of India]]. He is known as one of the pioneers of [[nuclear physics]] in India. While serving as the Director General (chairman) to the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), he played influential role in ''[[Smiling Buddha|Pokhran-I]] (Smiling Buddha)'', [[India]]'s first successful [[Nuclear bomb]] test on 18 May 1974. This historic achievement made India the sixth nation in the world to become a nuclear superpower, after the [[United States of America]], [[Soviet Union]] (now [[Russia]]), [[England]], [[France]], and [[China]]. He also initiated the first feasibility studies on India's [[ballistic missile]] program.

In the early 1970s, as the Scientific Advisor to the Ministry of Defence and chair of the Cabinet Committee on Science and Technology, Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri played an influential role in Smiling Buddha, India's first [[nuclear test]]. He also initiated the first feasibility studies on India's ballistic missile program. Later, he also served as a member of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] and as Vice Chancellor of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].

==Early life==
Basanti Dulal Nag Chaudhuri hailed from a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Hindu]] family of [[Narayanganj]], [[Dhaka district|Dhaka]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name=si-physicists/><ref name=anderson-nucleus-585>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BcKqXOeSbAC&pg=PA585 |title=Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India|page=585|author=Robert S. Anderson|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2010|isbn=9780226019772 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> During the [[partition of India]] in 1947 and the ensuing communal violence in [[East Bengal]] (now Bangladesh) of [[Pakistan]], his family moved to [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

His father became a professor of English at the [[Banaras Hindu University]], now [[Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi]] (IIT-BHU).

He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the Banaras Hindu University.<ref name=itcsra-obit/> He obtained a Master's degree from [[Allahabad University]]. In [[Allahabad]], he met influential lawyer [[Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar]] as well as renowned Indian physicist, [[Meghnad Saha]]. He became close to Saha and joined his research group. In July 1938, when Saha moved to the [[Rajabazar Science College]] campus of [[University of Calcutta]], Nagchaudhuri moved with him.

Through Saha, he came in contact with [[Ernest Lawrence]] and with the latter's support he moved to the [[University of California, Berkeley]] at the end of 1938 to work on his doctorate in Nuclear Physics.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-585/> His thesis advisor was Ernest Lawrence. Nagchaudhuri completed his doctorate in 1941 and returned to India.

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947 and the ensuing violence against Hindus in Dhaka, his family moved to India. His father took a position as a professor in the Department of English at the Banaras Hindu University.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-585/>

Nagchaudhuri was married to Dipali Nag [[née]] Talukdar, daughter of a professor at [[St. John's College, Agra]]. Dipali Nag was a well-known [[Indian classical music|classical]] vocalist.<ref name=itcsra-obit/> They had one son.

==Professional work==

===Academics and research===
After completing his doctorate in 1941, Nagchaudhuri returned to the [[Rajabazar Science College]], University of Calcutta to join Saha's research group. In 1949, when the [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]] (SINP) was established, Nagchaudhuri was affiliated with research at the institute, while continuing to teach at Science College, Calcutta University. After Saha's retirement in 1952, he was named Director of the SINP.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-585/>

Nagchaudhuri's research focused on [[nuclear isomer]]s, [[induced radioactivity]], [[Cherenkov radiation]] and [[nonthermal plasma]].<ref name=insa-obit>{{cite journal|url=http://insaindia.org/pdf/INSA%20185.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428051203/http://insaindia.org/pdf/INSA%20185.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-04-28 |title=INSA News |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |issue=185 |date=July–September 2006 |access-date=2012-05-06 }}</ref> During his doctorate at Berkeley, he had worked with the pioneers of the [[cyclotron]]. Before returning to India in 1941, with support from Saha and funding from the [[Tatas]], Nagchaudhuri had arranged for shipment of parts for a cyclotron magnet to the Calcutta University. However, ship carrying the second consignment of parts for the cyclotron was sunk by the [[Japan]]ese. The team under the leadership of Saha and later under Nagchaudhuri took on the task of building the remaining parts themselves. Problems with the vacuum pumps continued to afflict the project. The demountable oscillators also proved difficult to build. It was only in 1954, after a visit from Emilio Segre to the laboratory, that the cyclotron started to function. Nagchaudhuri is thus credited with building the first cyclotron in India.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-139>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BcKqXOeSbAC&pg=PA585 |title=Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India|page=139|author=Robert S. Anderson|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2010|isbn=9780226019772 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref>

In 1953, he succeeded [[Meghnad Saha]] as the [[Palit Professor of Physics]] at Calcutta University, a post which he held until 1959.<ref name=insa-fellows>{{cite web|url=http://insaindia.org/pdf/N-Fin-579-623.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818135839/http://insaindia.org/pdf/N-Fin-579-623.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-18 |title=Fellows |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2012-05-16 }}</ref> He was a visiting professor at [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] in 1961-62 and nominated as a Lincoln Lecturer.

===Government===
Being well-connected to the political elite of West Bengal through his relationship with B.C. Roy and with P.N. Haksar, Nagchaudhuri was nominated to serve as the Chairman of the Cabinet Committee of Science & Technology from 1969 to 1972.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-585/> During this period, he also served as the Scientific Advisor to the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD). He became a Member of the Planning Commission in 1970. From 1970 to 1974, he served as the Scientific Advisor to the [[DRDO]].

Given his background in nuclear physics, and in his roles as the chair of the cabinet committee and as scientific advisor to the DRDO, he was closely involved in the policy discussion about India's [[nuclear test]]. In October 1972, then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] gave the go-ahead for the [[Smiling Buddha]] test. Nagchaudhuri was a member of the steering committee for the test preparations.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-479>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BcKqXOeSbAC&pg=PA585 |title=Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India|page=479|author=Robert S. Anderson|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2010|isbn=9780226019772 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> It was in the scientific laboratories of the DRDO, headed by Nagchaudhuri, that the explosive lenses for the test were fabricated. The test was successfully conducted in May 1974.

In 1970, he was also tasked by Indira Gandhi to prepare a classified feasibility study for building long-range [[ballistic missile]]s.<ref name=itcsra-obit/> Based on Nagchaudhuri's recommendation, [[Project Valiant]] was initiated in 1972 to build a liquid-fuelled intermediate range ballistic missile.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-469>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BcKqXOeSbAC&pg=PA585 |title=Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India|page=469|author=Robert S. Anderson|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2010|isbn=9780226019772 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> Another initiative, [[Project Devil]], was initiated at the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defense Research & Development Laboratory]] (DRDL) to produce short-range [[surface-to-air missile]]s.<ref name=anderson-nucleus-468>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BcKqXOeSbAC&pg=PA585 |title=Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India|page=468|author=Robert S. Anderson|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2010|isbn=9780226019772 |access-date=2012-05-16}}</ref> While both projects were terminated in 1974 due to conflicts within DRDL and resulting lack of progress, they laid the foundation for the successful [[Integrated Guided Missile Development Program]] in the early 1980s.

In 1970-71, Nagchaudhuri also chaired a committee that examined India's maritime security issues. The committee made several key recommendations about the requirement to patrol India's vast coastline, set up a registry of offshore fishing vessels in order to identify illegal activity, and establish a capable and well-equipped force to intercept vessels engaged in illegal activities. The recommendations of the committee formed the foundation of the subsequent [[Khusro Faramurz Rustamji|Rustamji Committee]] in 1974, that led to the establishment of the [[Indian Coast Guard]].<ref name=icg-mh>{{cite web|url=http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html|title=History|publisher=Indian Coast Guard|access-date=2012-05-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502201216/http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html|archive-date=2 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Later work===
From 1 July 1974 to 1 January 1979, he served as the Vice Chancellor of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU).<ref name=jnu-formervcs>{{cite web|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/main.asp?sendval=FormerViceChancellor |title=Former Vice Chancellors |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University |access-date=2012-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513150204/http://www.jnu.ac.in/main.asp?sendval=FormerViceChancellor |archive-date=13 May 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> From 1975 to 1977, he served as the Chairman of the National Committee on Environmental Planning and Coordination.

He also served on the Board of Governors of the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name=insa-obit/>

==Affiliations==
Nagchaudhuri served on numerous Indian and international scientific councils. From 1976 to 1984, he served a Member of the Scientific Council of the [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]]. From 1980 to 1982, he also served on the Research Advisory Council of the [[National Physical Laboratory of India|National Physical Laboratory]]. He also served as a member and vice-chair of the Board of Governors of the [[East-West Center]].<ref name=insa-fellows/>

He also served on the boards of various Indian public sector companies. These included [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]], [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]].<ref name=insa-fellows/>

Nag Chaudhuri maintained an active interest in [[Hindustani Classical Music]] and [[Bengali literature|Bengali]] literature and culture.<ref name=itcsra-obit/>

===Awards===
Nagchaudhuri was elected a Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 1964.<ref name=insa-nagchaudhuri>{{cite web|url=http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N64-0500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415151924/http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N64-0500 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2014 |title=Dr BD Nag Choudhury |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2012-05-06 }}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1975.<ref name=si-physicists/> He also received honorary doctorates from [[Andhra University]] and the [[Kanpur University]].

==Death==
Nagchaudhuri died of a [[cerebral infarction]] on 25 June 2006.<ref name=itcsra-obit/> He was survived by his wife, Dipali Nag, his son and his family.

==References==
<references/>

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagchaudhuri, Basanti Dulal}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:People from Dhaka District]]
[[Category:Bengali physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:History of the Indian Coast Guard]]

Purwa Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:31:03Z

Ilushikpub: Starting new pg!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Purwa
| map_image = 167-Purwa.svg
| mla = [[Anil Kumar Singh (politician)|Anil Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2022<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Unnao district|Unnao]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 4,15,472
| constituency_no = 167
}}
'''Purwa''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Purwa in the [[Unnao district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Purwa is one of six assembly constituencies in the [[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 167 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Anil Singh''' who won in the Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Uttam Chandra''' by a margin of 26,483 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/purwa.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>

'''Anil Singh''' also won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party|Samajwadi Party]] candidate '''Udayraj''' by a margin of 31061 votes.<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purwa Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/purwa.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Ramadhin Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Parmeshwari Din Varma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Ramadhin Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Lakhan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Dularey Lal
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Gaya Singh
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Chandra Bhushan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Gaya Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Hriday Narayan Dikshit]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="4" |Udayraj Yadav
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Anil Kumar Singh (politician)|Anil Kumar Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== Results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Purwa
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anil Kumar Singh
|votes = 133827
|percentage = 52.27
|change = 23.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Uday Raj
|votes = 102766
|percentage = 40.14
|change = 12.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vinod Kumar
|votes = 10557
|percentage = 4.12
|change = -35.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2609
|percentage = 1.02
|change = -0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 31061
|percentage = 12.13
|change = 1.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 256018
|percentage = 61.62
|change = -1.17
}}
{{Election box end
}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Purwa
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anil Singh
|votes = 97567
|percentage = 39.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Uttam Chandra Urf Rakesh Lodhi
|votes = 71084
|percentage = 29.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Uday Raj
|votes = 68114
|percentage = 27.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Chhabinath
|votes = 1318
|percentage = 0.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Shiv Shankar Kushwaha
|votes = 1033
|percentage = 0.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Dal
|candidate = Chhedi Lal Yadav
|votes = 962
|percentage = 0.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Baijnath Pal
|votes = 961
|percentage = 0.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Manch
|candidate = Dr. Rajendra Singh Kushwaha
|votes = 597
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Vinod Kumar Pal
|votes = 578
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2719
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 26483
|percentage = 10.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 244933
|percentage = 62.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box end
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.46|80.77|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Unnao district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Silbhadra Dutta

2025-06-24T18:35:45Z

Ilushikpub: starting a stub basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Silbhadra Dutta''' (born 1959)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Silbhadra Datta (Bharatiya Janata Party): Constituency - Khardaha (North 24 Parganas) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1540 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Barrackpore Assembly constituency]] in [[North 24 Parganas district]]. He won the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the All India Trinamool Congress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Barrackpur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/barrackpur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dutta is from [[Barrackpore]], North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Bhupendra Lal Dutta. He completed his master's degree in commerce at [[University of Calcutta]] in 1983. He is an advocate and his wife works as an assistant teacher in West Bengal government sponsored school.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Dutta was elected as an MLA for the first time on the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] ticket from Barrackpore Assembly constituency in the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. He retained the seat for Trinamool in the 2016 Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barrackpur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Barrackpur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-barrackpur-constituency-108.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barrackpur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Raju Chakraborty (Raj) of TMC wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/barrackpur-election-result-2021-live-updates-barrackpur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695576.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, he polled 58,109 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Debasish Bhowmick of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], by a margin of 7,319 votes.<ref name=":1" /> In [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]], he contested on an [[Indian National Congress]] ticket and lost from [[Baranagar Assembly constituency]].

In December 2020, he joined to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2020-12-18 |title=Barrackpore MLA Silbhadra Datta resigns from Trinamool Congress |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/barrackpore-mla-shilbhadra-dutta-quits-trinamool-congress/article33362255.ece |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> But, he lost the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from Khardaha Assembly constituency on a BJP ticket to [[Kajal Sinha]] of the Trinamool Congress by a margin of 28,140 votes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanyal |first=Meghnad S |date=2021-04-21 |title=Gangs of Barrackpore: How BJP snatched seats and candidates from TMC |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/04/21/gangs-of-barrackpore-how-bjp-snatched-seats-and-candidates-from-tmc |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref> In the 2024 Indian general election in West Bengal, he contested as an NDA alliance candidate and lost from the Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency to [[Saugata Roy]] of the All India Trinamool Congress, by a margin of 70,660 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Dum Dum Election Result 2024: Sougata Ray wins in the battle of veterans - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/dum-dum-lok-sabha-election-2024-result-live-updates-silbhadra-datta-sujan-chakraborty-19422673.htm |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Dum Dum election results 2024 live updates: TMC's Sougata Ray wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dum-dum-election-results-2024-west-bengal-dum-dum-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-sougata-ray-tmc-sujan-chakraborty-cpm-silbhadra-datta-bjp/articleshow/110669629.cms |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta, Silbhadra}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politicians from North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:People from Barrackpore subdivision]]

Chandra Kumar De

2025-06-19T04:50:03Z

Ilushikpub: quick corrected content after review and cleaned formatting based on references

{{more footnotes|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = 
| native_name = চন্দ্রকুমার দে
| image = Chandra Kumar De.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 1889
| birth_place = [[Kendua Upazila|Aithar]], [[Netrokona District|Netrokona]], [[Mymensingh Division|Mymensingh District]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1946|1889}}
| death_place = SK Hospital, [[Mymensingh]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]], British Raj
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Folklorist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Chandra Kumar De''' ({{langx|bn|চন্দ্রকুমার দে|Chôndrôkumar De}}; 1889–1946) was a writer and collector of medieval [[folklore]] and [[folk ballad]]s of [[East Bengal]] villages, mostly in the [[Greater Mymensingh]] region which is now in [[Bangladesh]]. Today, he is an important folklore collector of Bengal,<ref>[[#Gu|Gupta, p. 86]]</ref> and his collected ballads are an important part of [[Bengali folk literature]], they were published by [[University of Calcutta]] as ''[[Moimonshingho Gitika]]'' (1923) and ''[[Purbabanga Gitika]]'' (1923–1932), later published in English as ''Eastern Bengal Ballads''.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |author=Ahmed, Wakil |article=Maimansingha Gitika}}</ref><ref>{{cite Banglapedia |author=Nawaz, Ali |article=De, Chandra Kumar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ayyappappanikkar |date=1997 |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA848 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=848– |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[De (surname)|De]] was born in village Aithor in [[Netrokona district]], his father was Ram Kumar De whose ancestral village was Raghabpur in [[Netrokona District]].<ref>[[#Fo|Folklore]]</ref> He lost both his parents early and had to start working young. Apart from a brief stint at a Sanskrit tol, Chandra Kumar had no formal schooling.

==Career==
Chandra Kumar initially started working at a grocery shop, at a monthly salary of one rupee. But he was an indifferent worker and soon lost his job. He was later appointed [[tahsildar]] by Taranath Talukder on a monthly salary of two rupees. In 1912, Chandra Kumar published some essays on folklore in the ''Saurabh'', a Bengali-magazine published from Mymensingh and edited by Kedarnath Majumder, who had discovered De,<ref>[[#Gu|Gupta, p. 87]]</ref> and also helped Chandra Kumar get a job at the [[zamindari]] of [[Gouripur, Bangladesh|Gouripur]]. Chandra Kumar's work as [[gomastha]], on a monthly salary of eight rupees, included visits to different villages to collect taxes. It was on these visits that he had occasion to hear [[kavigan]] and [[pala gan]], which he started writing down.

Meanwhile, [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]] came across Chandra Kumar's essay, 'Mahila Kavi Chandravati' ('Chandravati, the Poetess') in the Falgun 1320 BS (1913 AD) issue of the Saurabh. Dinesh Chandra was impressed by the essay and appointed Chandra Kumar, who was again out of a job, as a folklore collector of [[Calcutta University]] at a monthly salary of 70 rupees, along with three other folklore collectors.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ballads of Bengal |editor=Dinesh Chandra Sen |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1988 |page=x |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpVUKSilrFYC&q=Chandra+Kumar+De&pg=PA40}}</ref> This appointment freed Chandra Kumar to travel throughout Bengal collecting folklore and folk songs.

Chandra Kumar collected several ballads, many of which were subsequently edited by Dinesh Chandra Sen and included in ''[[Maimansingha Gitika]]'' (1923) and ''[[Purbabanga Gitika]]'' (1926). The ballads collected by Chandra Kumar in Maimansingha-Gitika are 'Mahuya', 'Maluya', 'Chandravati', 'Dasyu Kenaram', 'Kamala', 'Rupavati', 'Kanka O Lila', 'Dewana Madina', and 'Dhopar Pat'. The ballads collected by him in Purbabanga-Gitika are 'Bheluya Sundari', 'Maisal Bandhu', 'Kamalarani', 'Dewan Isha Khan', 'Firoze Khan Dewan', 'Ayna Bibi', 'Shyamaray', 'Shiladevi', 'Andha Bandhu', 'Bandular Baramasi', 'Ratan Thakur', 'Pir Batasi', 'Jibalani', 'Sonaramer Janma', and 'Bharaiya Raja'. Besides these, Chandra Kumar also collected some other ballads: 'Adhuya Sundari', 'Suratjamal', 'Kajalrekha', 'Asma', 'Satyapirer Panchali', 'Chandravatir Ramayana', 'Lilar Baramasi', and 'Gopini Kirtan'. Most of these ballads were collected from [[Mymensingh]] and [[Sylhet]]. Though Dinesh Chandra Sen became famous for publishing these poems, the original credit for collecting these songs and transcribing them must go to Chandra Kumar.

Chandra Kumar died at S,K Hospital in Mymensingh in 1946.

==Works==
* ''Eastern Bengal Ballads, Mymensing, Volume 2, Part 1'', by Chandra Kumar De. ed. [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]]. University of Calcutta, 1926.
* ''Eastern Bengal Ballads, Mymensing, Volume 3, Part 1'', by Chandra Kumar De. ed. [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]]. University of Calcutta, 1932.

==See also==
* [[Bengali folk literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |title=Folk-lore, Volume 3, Issue 11 |publisher=Indian Publications |year=1962 |ref=Fo}}
* {{cite book |title=A Survey of Folklore Study in Bengal: West Bengal and East Pakistan, Vol. 1 |author=Sankar Sen Gupta |publisher=Indian Publications |year=1967 |ref=Gu}}
* {{cite book |title=Folklorists of Bengal: life-sketches and bibliographical notes (Vol. 1) |author=Sankar Sen Gupta |publisher=Indian Publications |year=1965 |pages=165–173 |chapter=Chandrakumar De}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:De, Chandra Kumar}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Netrokona District]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi folklorists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]

Wyndham Charles Knight

2025-04-19T21:24:59Z

Ilushikpub: adjusted details per standard format and added references based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name = Wyndham Charles Knight
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1863|11|30}}
| birth_place = Pembrokeshire, Knight, England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1942|6|10|1863|11|30}}
| death_place = [[Pamber]], [[Hampshire]], England
| education = [[Cheltenham College]]
| occupation = [[general officer]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Harriet Monica Johnston|1896|October 1927|reason=d.}}
* {{marriage|Alice Harriet Margaret Johnstone|1928}}
* {{marriage|Georgina Helen Pipon|1938}}
}}
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
}}

Major-General '''Sir Wyndham Charles Knight''' [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] [[Order of the Bath|CB]] [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]] [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] (30 November 1863 – 10 June 1942) was a British [[general officer]] who served in the British and Indian armies and saw active service in India, in the [[Second Boer War]], and in the [[First World War]].

==Early life==
Born in Pembrokeshire, Knight was a son of Captain William Brodnax Knight, late the [[Queen's Bays]], and Louisa Octavia Charlotte Knight, a grandson of [[Wyndham William Knight]],<ref name=www>"Knight, Maj.-Gen. Sir Wyndham (Charles), (30 Nov. 1863 – 10 June 1942)" in ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who Was Who 1941–1950]]'' (A. & C. Black, 1980 reprint) {{ISBN|0-7136-2131-1}}</ref> and a descendant of [[Edward Austen Knight]], brother of the novelist [[Jane Austen]].<ref name=janeaustensfamily>[https://www.janeaustensfamily.co.uk/akin-to-jane/text/edward/022.html Wyndham Charles Knight, Sir], janeaustensfamily.co.uk, accessed 5 June 2022</ref>

He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]].<ref name=janeaustensfamily/>

==Career==
After leaving school, Knight trained for a career as a regular soldier at the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], graduating from there in 1883 and receiving his first commission into the [[Worcestershire Regiment]].<ref name=janeaustensfamily/><ref>''The Monthly Army List'', 1883, p. 323</ref> On 25 August 1883 he was appointed a Probationer in the [[Indian Staff Corps]].<ref>''Bulletins and Other State Intelligence'' Part 2 (1883), p. 742</ref>

In 1897 and 1898 Knight saw active service on the [[North-West Frontier Province|North West Frontier]], in Mohmund and [[Tirah]], and fought in the [[Second Boer War]] from 1899 to 1902. He went on to command the [[Bombay Brigade]] of the [[6th Poona Divisional Area]] and from 1912 to 1917 was an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[George V|King George V]].<ref>"Sir WYNDHAM CHARLES Knight, K.C.I.E." in ''Whitaker's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage'' (1921), p. 352</ref><ref name=janeaustensfamily/>

==Personal life==
Knight married three times: firstly, in 1896, Harriet Monica Johnston, at Sevenoaks, Kent; she died in October 1927;<ref name=JAF2>[https://www.janeaustensfamily.co.uk/akin-to-jane/text/edward/024.html Wyndham Charles Knight (continued)], janeaustensfamily.co.uk, accessed 5 June 2022</ref> secondly, in 1928, Alice Harriet Margaret Johnstone, at [[St George Hanover Square]]; thirdly, in 1938, Georgina Helen Pipon.<ref name=www/>

With his first wife, Knight had two sons, Austen Bertram (1897–1976) and Christopher Wyndham (1899–1951), both of whom became soldiers.<ref name=JAF2/>

He died at [[Pamber]], [[Hampshire]], on 10 June 1942, leaving an estate valued at £15,289. His Executors were Christopher Wyndham Knight and [[Charles Lennard Chute]].<ref>"KNIGHT sir Wyndham Charles KCIE CB CSI DSO" in ''Wills and Administrations (England and Wales) 1942'', p. 122</ref>

==Honours==
* [[Distinguished Service Order]], 1902<ref name=www/>
* Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]], 1916<ref name=www/>
* Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]], 1917<ref name=www/>
*Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]], 1919<ref name=www/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp136823/sir-wyndham-charles-knight Sir Wyndham Charles Knight], [[National Portrait Gallery, London]]

[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Pembrokeshire]]
[[Category:Indian Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Bombay Staff Corps officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]
[[Category:Worcestershire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:19th-century British Army personnel]]

National Highway 143H (India)

2025-02-26T22:14:41Z

Ilushikpub: basic refined content also and added references as per guidelines

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 143H
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 143H|text= Map of National Highway '''143H''' in red}}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 35
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = Joram
| terminus_b = Litebeda
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 43
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 143 
| next_route = 143H 
| states = [[Odisha]], [[Jharkhand]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 143H''', commonly referred to as '''NH 143H''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/184523.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|secondary]] route of [[National Highway 43 (India)|National Highway 43]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref> NH-143H runs in the states of [[Odisha]] and [[Jharkhand]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==
NH143H connects Joram, Ambapani, Salangabahal, Bihabandh and Litebeda in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|143|country=IND}} Terminal near Joram.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11608623 NH 143H on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH43 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:National highways in Odisha]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Manmodi Caves

2024-12-23T07:24:49Z

Ilushikpub: starting initial data v1

{{short description|Caves in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox cave
| name = Manmodi Caves
| photo = Bhimasankar group Chaitya.jpg
| photo_caption = The [[Chaitya]] at Bhimashankar caves, a part of Manmodi Caves, Junnar, India.
| map = India#Maharashtra
| relief = yes
| coords = {{Coord|19.1859|N|73.8843|E|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Junnar]]
| geology = Basalt
| entrance_count =
}}

The '''Manmodi Caves''' are a complex of a rock-cut caves about 3 km to the south of the city of [[Junnar]] in [[India]].<ref name="Brancaccio 34">{{cite book |last1=Brancaccio |first1=Pia |title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18525-8 |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA34 |language=en}}</ref> Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: [[Tulja Caves]], [[Shivneri Caves]] and [[Lenyadri]] caves.<ref name="Brancaccio 34" />

It is thought that the caves were positioned on natural trade routes, formed by passes leading from the coast to the basaltic plateau of the [[Western Ghats]].<ref name="Brancaccio 34" /> One of the caves in Manmodi has an epigraph mentioning the [[Western Satrap]] [[Nahapana]] bearing the title of Mahakshatrapa (Great [[Satrap]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brancaccio |first1=Pia |title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18525-8 |pages=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA61 |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
The Manmodi hill lies south from [[Junnar]], at a distance of about a 3 km. It contains three groups of excavations, the second of which is nearest to the road, and the first a considerable way along the north-west face of the hill, near where it turns to the north-east.<ref name="Fergusson 258">{{cite book |last1=Fergusson |first1=James |last2=Burgess |first2=James |title=The cave temples of India |date=1880 |publisher=London : Allen |pages=258ff |url=https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft}}</ref>

The caves are classified in three groups, also having specific names:<ref>{{cite web |title=Lenyadri Group of Caves, Junnar – Ticketed Monument – ArchaeologicalSurvey of India |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp |website=asi.nic.in |publisher=Archaeological Society of India |access-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410125940/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp |archive-date=10 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Bhutalinga (भूत लेणी) group, with an inscription by a [[Yavana]] donor.
* Amba-Ambika (अंबा-अंबिका) group
* Bhimasankar (भीमाशंकर) group, southeast of Manmodi hill, with the inscription of Ayama, minister of [[Nahapana]] in 124 CE.

=== Bhutalinga group of caves ===
==== The Chaitya ====
[[File:Manmodi Chaitya Cave Junnar.png|thumb|left|Manmodi Chaitya Cave. Woodcut from Photograph, 1880.]]
[[File:Manmodi Yavana Chamdana inscription.jpg|thumb|left|Dedicatory inscription by the [[Yavana]] donor.<ref name="JB95">{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |title=Archaeological Survey Of Western India |date=1883 |page=95 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775/2015.35775.Archaeological-Survey-Of-Western-India#page/n173/mode/2up}}</ref>]]
These caves are the most western caves in the Manmodi group ({{coord|19.1880|73.8784|display=inline}}). The principal cave here is an unfinished [[Chaitya]]-cave. The door is nearly the whole width of the nave, and it has apparently had a small semi-circular aperture or window over it, but the lintel is broken away. This arch of the window, however, is not adjusted to the arch of the roof inside, which is much higher, nor does it occupy the relative position in the great arch on the façade assigned to the window in later examples at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]], [[Nasik Caves|Nasik]], etc.<ref name="Fergusson 258" /> The Chaitya-hall on the Manmodi hill is said to belong to the period of the [[Western Satrap]] ruler [[Nahapana]], as is the case for the Great Chaitya at [[Karla Caves]].<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Ramananda |title=The Modern review: a monthly review and miscellany |date=1927 |publisher=Prabasi Press Private, Limited |page=661 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wfl593aYDz4C |language=en |quote=The Scythian monarch Nahapana (...) The Chaitya-hall on the Manmodi hill at Junnar in the Nasik district also belongs to the period of the Scythian monarch}}</ref>

[[File:Bhutalinga caves chaitya.jpg|thumb|The Chaitya today.]]
[[File:Manmodi Chaitya Yavanasa inscription.jpg|thumb|224px|The [[façade]] of the Chaitya Hall was donated by a [[Yavana]], according to the inscription on the central flat surface of the lotus (''yavanasa Chaṁdānaṁ deyadhama gabhadā[ra]''). Detail of the "Ya-va-na-sa" portion in old [[Brahmi script]]: [[File:Brahmi y 2nd century CE.jpg|12px]][[File:Brahmi v 2nd century CE.gif|12px]][[File:Brahmi n.svg|12px]][[File:Brahmi s.svg|12px]], circa 120 CE.<ref name="RT">Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West, BRILL, 2013 [https://books.google.com/books?id=AXdfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 p.97 Note 97]</ref>]]
Over the opening of the entrance, the place usually occupied by the window is divided fan-wise into seven petal-shaped compartments with a semi-circular centre, round the edge of the inner member of which is an inscription, in one line, of [[Brahmi]] characters. This is an inscription by a [[Yavana]] donor, appearing on the central flat surface of the lotus over the entrance: it mentions the erection of a hall-front for the Buddhist Samgha, by a Yavana donor named Chanda:<ref name="RT" />
{{quote|''"yavanasa Chaṁdānaṁ deyadhama gabhadā[ra]"'' 
𑀬𑀯𑀦𑀲 𑀙𑀁𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁 𑀟𑁂𑀬𑀥𑀫 𑀕𑀪𑀤𑀸𑀭 
"The meritorious gift of the [[façade]] of the (gharba) hall by the [[Yavana]] Chanda"|Inscription on the façade of the Manmodi Chaitya.<ref name="JB95"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India |date=1994 |publisher=The Society |pages=iv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4NjAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey of Western India |date=1879 |publisher=Government Central Press |pages=43–44 |url=https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicals01indigoog |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karttunen |first1=Klaus |title=Yonas and Yavanas in Indian Literature |journal=Studia Orientalia |year=2015 |volume=116 |page=214 |url=https://journal.fi/store/issue/view/4184/199}}</ref>}}

In the middle compartment of the larger semi-circle is a standing female figure with a lotus flower on each side, the next compartments have elephants standing on lotus flowers and holding water-jars, as so often represented beside the figures of [[Lakshmi|Sri]] or [[Lakshmi]] on old Buddhist works. In the next compartment on each side stands a male figure, his hands joined over or in front of his head, doing ''puja'' towards the central figure; and in the two outer spaces are females in similar attitudes, with a lotus flower and bud beside each. The style of art in which the figure of Sri Lakshmi is here represented is so similar to that employed for the same purpose at [[Bharhut]], that there can be little doubt that they are of about the same age. The material, however, in which they are executed, and their purposes are so different, that it would be impossible, from that alone, to say which of the two is the earliest.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

Over and outside these the façade of the great arch projects, with ribs in imitation of wooden rafters under it. On each side the finial is a male figure: that on the left holds a [[chauri]] and has wings, and some animal's head above his jaunty turban; the other holds some object in his right hand, and behind each shoulder are two snake-heads with their tongues
hanging out. Right and left of these are [[Stupa|dagobas]] in high relief, but roughly formed; and on the right of the arch is a tree with objects hanging in it, but it has never been quite finished, parts being only outlined.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

[[File:Bhutalinga Chaitya inside.jpg|thumb|left|Inside of the Chaitya.]]
On the projecting frieze over all are seven Chaitya-window ornaments, with smaller ones between their finials, and two on the faces of each jamb. Inside the cave, three octagonal
pillars on the right side are blocked out, as is also the dagoba, but without the capital. There is a horizontal soft stratum in the rock, which has probably led to the work being relinquished in its present unfinished state. This is very much to be regretted, as the whole design of this cave is certainly the most daring, though it can hardly be called the most successful, attempt on the part of the early cave architects to emancipate themselves from the trammels of the wooden style they were trying to adapt to lithic purposes.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

At [[Barabar]] in the [[Lomas Rishi]] they only introduced elephants and trellis work, which we know from the [[Sanchi]] gateways were probably executed in wood and could easily have been so introduced. It would, however, have been very difficult to execute such a seven-leafed flower as this, in pierced work, even in wood, but it was an artistic mistake to introduce it above the real constructive opening, on a false front, as is done in this instance. The system here begun was afterwards carried to an extreme issue in the [[Gandhara]] monasteries, where figures were introduced everywhere, and the architecture only used as a frame such as we employ for pictures. Though its employment here is a solecism, this bas- relief is one of the most interesting pieces of sculpture for the history of the art, to be found in the whole range of the western caves.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

==== Buddhist cells ====
[[File:Bhutalinga Buddhist cells.jpg|thumb|The Buddhist cells with individual [[Chaitya]]-window arches.]]
Higher up the rock, on the east or left side of this, are four cells with neatly-carved façades, each door having a [[Chaitya]]-window arch over it, projecting about 15 inches; and between the arches are two dagobas with chhatris in half relief; while over the shoulder of each arch is a smaller one as an ornament, and the Buddhist-rail pattern along the tops. There is one plain cell beyond these, and under the five are some others filled up with earth; while rather higher up on the east are four more. Under these latter is a [[vihara]] with two
cells in the back and two in the left or east side, but the front is gone. It communicates by a passage with another to the west of it, nearly filled up with mud, and west of the Chaitya-cave are two small cells high up in the rock.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

=== Amba-Ambika group of caves ===
[[File:Amba-Ambika caves.jpg|thumb|350px|The Amba-Ambika group of caves.]]
Near the south-east end of the hill is the second group, consisting of an unfinished Chaitya-cave and a number of ruined cells and viharas ({{coord|19.1858|73.8843|display=inline}}). This Chaitya-cave is somewhat on the plan of the [[Bedsa]] one, that is, it has two octagonal columns in front, supporting the entablature above the great window. These columns are of the style occurring at the [[Ganesa Lena]], with water-pot bases and capitals; but otherwise this cave is quite unfinished: the aisles have not been commenced; the capital of the dagoba is roughly blocked out, and portions of a square mass of rock from which to hew out the dome of it; but a great fault in the rock at the back of the cave seems to have stopped further operations.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

[[File:Amba-Ambika Chaitya hall.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Chaitya]] hall. Excavation was halted due to a major fault in the rock, that fills the cave with water in the rainy season.]]
The front is quite rough, but, if finished, would probably have been similar to the Bedsa Chaitya cave. It is almost covered with inscriptions, but from their positions and the roughness of the surfaces on which they are carved, it may naturally be inferred that they are only the work of visitors, perhaps long after the work was relinquished. Few of them can be
made out with any certainty. The cave faces north by east, and the floor is much filled up with mud. At the east side of it is a cell, also deep in earth, in which is a dagoba, the chhatri or umbrella carved on the roof, but the staff has been broken, evidently with a view to convert it into the usual [[Saiva]] emblem.

==== Jainism Cells ====
[[File:Amba-Ambika cell.jpg|thumb|Paintings of [[Tirthankara]] in a cell of the second level.]]
There are portions of other cells, and a fragment of an inscription beside some modern steps leading up to five cells above. The two at the west end are converted into one by cutting away the partition, and on the walls are three defaced figures perhaps of [[Jainism|Jain figures]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Qureshi|first=Dulari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GVEAQAAIAAJ&q=Amba+Ambika+Group+of+Caves+jain|title=The Rock-cut Temples of Western India|date=2010|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8090-202-4|language=en}}</ref> This is dedicated to the goddess [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]] also the sasanadevi or patron goddess of the 23rd [[Tirthankara]] [[Neminatha]]. Here Brahmans worship the mutilated image of [[Jainism|Jain]] as a Shiva goddess.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

In the outer wall of another of these cells there have been a standing ([[Kayotsarga]]) and a sitting figure of [[Tirthankara]], but these are now almost obliterated.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rao|first=P. R. Ramachandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iIToAAAAMAAJ&q=Amba+Ambika+Group+of+Caves+jain|title=Andhra Sculpture|date=1984|publisher=Akshara|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Fergusson 258" />
[[File:Jain Godess Ambika.jpg|thumb|Jain [[Tirthankara|TIrthankara]] Image]]
=== Bhimasankar group of caves ===
[[File:Bhimashankar Group in the Manmodi caves.jpg|thumb|350px|The Bhimasankar group of caves.]]
[[File:Bhimasankar group of caves in Manmodi.jpg|thumb|350px|Part of the Bhimasankar group of caves.]]
[[File:Silver coin of Nahapana British Museum.jpg|thumb|A minister of [[Western Satraps]] ruler [[Nahapana]] contributed to the constructions in Manmodi Caves, circa 124 CE.]]
[[File:Manmodi Bhimasankar inscription of Nahapana.jpg|thumb|The Nahapana inscription.]]
[[File:Manmodi caves Nahapana.jpg|thumb|The name "Nahapāna" (𑀦𑀳𑀧𑀸𑀦) in [[Brahmi]] in the Nahapana inscription.]]
The third group is round a comer of the hill to the south-east of these last, and at a considerably higher level, some of them almost inaccessible ({{coord|19.1803|73.8870|display=inline}}). The first reached is a recess over a cell or cistern, with an inscription:<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

{{quote|Sivasamaputasa Simtabhati ? no deyadhama pati. 
"For a pious gift of charity, from Simtabhati, son of Sivasarman"}}

A little beyond this, on the left side of a recess over the side of a water cistern, is another inscription in three lines, of which, however, the first letters are obliterated; still it is possible make out that it was [constructed by] "Ayama, the minister of Mahakshatrapa Svami [[Nahapana]]."<ref name="Fergusson 258" /> This inscription bears a [[Saka era]] date of year 46, which is 124 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirashi |first1=Vasudev Vishnu |title=The history and inscriptions of the Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas |date=1981 |publisher=Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwpuAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> The inscription is located in the fourth excavation on the eastern side of Manmodi Hill, in Cave 7. After passing a cistern and two small recesses, there is another recess with a bench round three sides, on the left side wall of which is the inscription.<ref>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey of Western India |date=1879 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicals01indigoog |language=English}}</ref> It is one of the most important of the series as the only one containing a royal name, that of [[Nahapana]], which can also be found at [[Nasik Caves]] and at [[Karla Caves]]. It is in three lines about 4 feet long. The first few letters in each line are considerably decayed
and faint. It reads:<ref name="Burgess" />

{{quote|[Raño]jmahākhatapasa sāminahapānasa 
[Ā]mātyasa Vachhasagotasa Ayamasa 
[de]yadhama cha [po?] ḍhi maṭapo cha puñathaya vase 46 kato<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |title=Archaeological Survey Of Western India |date=1883 |page=Plate LIV No.11 (Junnar No.32) |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775#page/n61}}</ref><ref name="Burgess" /> 
"The meritorious gift of a [[mandapa]] and cistern by Ayama of the Vatsa-gotra, 
Prime Minister to the king, the great Satrap, the Lord [[Nahapana]], made for merit, in the year 46."
| Inscription of [[Nahapana]], Manmodi Caves.<ref name="Burgess">{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |title=Archaeological Survey Of Western India |date=1883 |page=103 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775#page/n181}}</ref>}}

Scrambling along the face of a precipice to the south, one can reach first a small [[vihara]] without cells or carving, then another cave with two octagonal pillars in the front of the verandah, and two engaged ones at the ends rising from a bench. The door is 5 feet 10 inches wide, and reaches to the roof of the hall, which has been frescoed. The back of the seat or low screen in front of the veranda is carved outside with the rail ornament; the columns are of the usual [[Nasik Caves|Nasik]] pattern, but without animal figures above: over them the frieze projects considerably, and is carved in the style of Cave 4 at Nasik, the ends of the rafters projecting on the lower fascia, and the upper being carved with rail pattern. Over this is a recess some 2 or 3 feet deep, with the Chaitya arch over it, but without any carving.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

The hall is 33 feet deep, and about 12 feet wide; but at the back stands a mass of rock over 8 feet wide by 5.5 thick, with a squatting figure roughly sketched out on the front of it. This mass is very rotten behind, and at the left side of it is a well of excellent water.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />

The other caves here are small and uninteresting.<ref name="Fergusson 258" />
<gallery>
Manmodi Caves Ambika Group (Pratik Butte Patil).jpg|Manmodi Caves Ambika Group
Manmodi Caves - Bhootleni Chaitya (Pratik Butte Patil)2.jpg|Manmodi Caves – Bhootleni Chaitya
Manmodi Chaitya Hall facade medallion.jpg|Manmodi Chaitya Hall facade medallion
Manmodi Caves Two story Vihara (Pratik Butte Patil).jpg|Manmodi Caves Two story Vihara
Bhimashankar Caves.jpg|The Bhimashankar caves
Bhimasankar group Chaitya.jpg|The [[Chaitya]] of Bhimasankar group
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Manmodi}}
* [https://kevinstandagephotography.wordpress.com/2017/03/17/bhutalinga-caves-bhuta-linga-leni-caves/ Kevin Standage, An Indian Travel Photography Blog (Manmodi caves)]
{{Adjacent communities
| title=Adjacent Buddhist structures
| Centre = [[Junnar]]
| N = [[Lenyadri]] caves
| E =
| SE=
| S = Manmodi Caves
|SW=[[Shivneri Caves]]
| W = [[Tulja Caves]]
}}
{{Indian Buddhist Caves}}

{{Portal|India}}

[[Category:Caves of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist caves in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in India]]
[[Category:Architecture in India]]
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]]
[[Category:Jain rock-cut architecture]]

Pulao

2024-05-14T13:41:50Z

Ilushikpub: Starting a details

{{wikt}}
'''Pulao''' may refer to:
* [[Pilaf]], a popular rice dish consumed mainly in Central Asia, South Asia and the Middle East
* [[Pulao (dragon)]], a small dragon that appears as a decoration on Chinese bells

==See also==
* [[Palao (disambiguation)]]
* [[Pulau (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}