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Kapu, Udupi

2026-05-06T15:02:15Z

HungHanks23355: made initial article first draft.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaup, Karnataka
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Kapu Beach Lighthouse .jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of Kaup(Kapu) Beach Lighthouse
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.2238|N|74.7367|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6850
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Administrative
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Kannada language |Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 574106<ref name="pcode">{{cite web
|url=http://sermon.nic.in/sermon/servlet/loc_code_repx_location_area?p1=576213
|title=Central Excise and Service Tax Location Code (Areas Under the Range West of Mangalore-II DVN (610201)
|access-date=2008-07-14
|publisher=Central Excise and Service Tax
}}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0820<ref name="std">{{cite web
|url=http://www.bsnl.co.in/searchcode.php?state=Karnataka&pgno=5
|title=STD Codes for cities in Karnataka
|access-date=2008-07-06
|publisher=[[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)]]
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417035108/http://www.bsnl.co.in/searchcode.php?state=Karnataka&pgno=5
|archive-date=2008-04-17
}}</ref>
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KA.E2.80.94Karnataka|KA]]-20
| website = {{URL|http://www.kauptown.mrc.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}{{Other uses|Kapu}}
'''Kapu''' or '''Kaup''' is a town in the [[Udupi district]] of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is situated on [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]], approximately 13 km south of [[Udupi]] and 40 km north of [[Mangaluru|Mangalore]]. The town is known for its historic lighthouse, fort, and the three [[Mariamma|Mariamman]] shrines. In 2018, the [[Government of Karnataka]] officially declared Kapu a [[taluk]].

== History ==
The Kapu Fort was constructed in 1743 by Basappa Nayaka of the Keladi dynasty. The fort was later occupied and reinforced by [[Tipu Sultan]] during the late 18th century to serve as a coastal battery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.srihosamarigudikaup.org/history |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Hosa Marigudi Kaup |language=en}}</ref>

During the colonial period, the region fell under [[British Empire|British]] administration. In the early 20th century, the coastal infrastructure was modernized with the construction of the lighthouse to assist maritime navigation along the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaup Lighthouse {{!}} Directorate General of Lighthouses And Lightships |url=https://www.dgll.nic.in/DGLL-light-house-location/about-goa/kaup-lighthouse |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.dgll.nic.in}}</ref> Administratively, Kapu remained part of the Udupi taluk until it was granted independent taluk status in February 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-15 |title=Udupi gets four new taluks, total now seven |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/udupi-gets-four-new-taluks-total-now-seven/articleshow/62922363.cms |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Kapu lighthouse ==
The Kapu lighthouse was built in 1901 by the [[British Raj]], on the shores of the [[Arabian Sea]] close to Kaup Beach. It is 27.12 meters tall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-26 |title=Kap (Kaup, Kapu, Udipi) |url=https://chanceht.org/lighthouse/kap-kaup-kapu-udipi/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Chance Heritage Trust |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaup Lighthouse {{!}} Directorate General of Lighthouses And Lightships |url=https://www.dgll.nic.in/DGLL-light-house-location/about-goa/kaup-lighthouse |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.dgll.nic.in}}</ref>

== Religious places ==
Sri Hale Mariamma Temple, Hosa Marigudi Temple, Shri Laxmi Janardhana Temple, [[Sri Venkataramana Temple, Karkala|Sri Venkataramana Temple]] (Konkani Mutt), and Juma Masjid-Polipu.

== Notable people ==

* [[Sandeep Shetty]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=311462|title=Daijiworld}}</ref>{{Snd}}Actor

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 01.jpg|Kaup beach
File:Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 03.jpg|Kaup beach
File:Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 04.jpg|Evening shot of Lighthouse of Kapu beach
File:Kaup beach, Udupi, Karnataka 06.jpg|Kaup beach
File:Kapu Beach panoramic view.jpg|Kapu Beach panoramic view
File:Hosa Marigudi Temple, Kapu.jpg|Hosa Marigudi Temple, Kapu
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Beaches of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]
[[Category:Geography of Udupi district]]

Dhiru Bhuyan

2026-05-05T22:48:50Z

HungHanks23355: created a entry

{{Short description|Indian actor and director (1943–1999)}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dhiru Bhuyan 
| image = Dhiru Bhuyan Film Ratanlal.jpg
| alt = sepia image of Dhiru Bhuyan riding a bicycle
| caption = Bhuyan in the film ''Ratanlal''
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1943}}
| birth_place = [[Uzan Bazaar]], Guwahati, Assam, India
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1999|1943}}
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director|producer}}
| years active =
| parents =
| spouse = Reeta Bhuyan
| children = [[Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan]] (son)
| alma mater =
}}

'''Dhiru Bhuyan''' was an Indian theatre and film actor and director. He was born in 1943 in [[Uzan Bazaar]], Guwahati, Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Assam: A look back at Dhiru Bhuyan's iconic career |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/assam-a-look-back-at-dhiru-bhuyans-iconic-career |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=The Sentinel |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Dhiru Bhuyan was born in 1943 in Bhuyan Howely, Uzan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam. He was the son of Mukhyada Kanta Bhuyan and Kamala Bhuyan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Bhuyan was married to Reeta Bhuyan.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Heartfelt Tribute to Dhiru Bhuyan: Commemorating 25 Years of An Assamese Theatre Legend|website=The Times of India|date=8 October 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/a-heartfelt-tribute-to-dhiru-bhuyan-commemorating-25-years-of-an-assamese-theatre-legend/articleshow/114026381.cms|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> They had two children: a son, [[Sattyakee Bhuyan|Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan]], and a daughter, Kanaki Bhuyan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==Career==
His film [[w:as:প্ৰথম ৰাগিনী|Pratham Ragini]] won the Rajat Kamal Award for Best [[Assamese language|Assamese Language]] Film at the 35th National Film Festival.<ref name="arun">{{cite book | title=Axomiya chalachitror kahini aru geet| publisher=Shashi Shishu Prakashan| author=Arunlochan Das}}</ref><ref name="nff">{{cite web | url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf | title=35th National Film Festival 1988 | accessdate=}}</ref> Pratham Ragini was his first film to be directed.<ref name=moviebuff>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/pratham-ragini|title= Pratham Ragini |last= |first= |date= |website= moviebuff.com|publisher=|access-date=|quote=}}</ref><ref name=club>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/pratham-ragini-1987-assemese-movie|title= pratham ragini (1987)|last= |first= |date= |website=filmiclub.com |publisher=|access-date=|quote=}}</ref> He was a Selection Grade Broadcaster with the Guwahati Station of [[All India Radio]]. His radio plays include "Phul aru kait", "Baruar Xongkhar", "Xhisa Pukhorir Maas", "Shringar Saa", "Xuronggor Xaaxot", "Brihannalar Mukti" and others.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://assamtribune.com/kamrup-natya-samiti-a-haven-for-stage-artistes|title=Kamrup Natya Samiti: a haven for stage artistes |last= Barua|first= Dhiren |date= |website= |publisher= Assam Tribune|access-date=|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/women-news/will-continue-to-act-in-films-that-touch-the-heart-dr-jahanara-begum-20118.htm |title=Pragati Shilpi Sangha |last= |first= |date= |website=awazthevoice.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The play "Kathphula", based on a story by [[Syed Abdul Malik]] and produced by him, was screened twice on the National Drama Program of All India Radio and broadcast in all the regional languages of the country. He was one of the founders of Progoti Shilpi Sangha in Guwahati which was established for the promotion of original Assamese plays.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/changing-times-of-assamese-theatre-movement|title= changing times of assamese theatre movement|last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher=Guwahati Plus|access-date=|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Women's Agency and Social Change:Assam and Beyond|author=Meeta Deka}}</ref>

==Works==
{{columns-start}}
===Film===
* Pratham Ragini (1988)
* Mrityunjay
* Ratanlal
* Nimmeela Angka
* Xorapat
* Lalita
* Jug Biyug
* Obhijan
* Papori
* Pratyavartan
* Sree Moti Moheemaaa Moi
* Probhati Pokhir Gaan
* Maharathi
* Dhartir Namo
* Agnisangram
* Anya Ek Sur
* Hiranyarekha
{{column}}
===Plays===
* Baruar Xongkhar
* Kathphula
* Phul aru kait
* Xhisa Pukhorir Maas
* Shringar Saa
* Xuronggor Xaaxot
* Brihannalar Mukti
{{columns-end}}

==Awards==
The film, Pratham Ragini, won the Rajat Kamal Award in the Best Assamese Language Film category at the 35th National Film Festival held in [[New Delhi]]. The ceremony took place in April 1988 and awards were given by then President of India, R. Venkataraman. The award consisted of Rs 10,000 cash along with the Rajat Kamal and was presented to the director Dhiru Bhuyan.<ref name="arun" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Dhiru-Bhuyan/awards|title= Dhiru Bhuyan Awards|last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= Times of India|access-date=|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.khiriki.com/pratham-ragini/|title= Dhiru Bhuyanar Prothom Ragini|last= |first= |date= |website=khirki.com|language=as}}</ref>

==Death==
Dhiru Bhuyan died in 1999 of cancer, aged 57.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuyan, Dhiru}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Film directors from Assam]]

Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026

2026-05-04T17:29:15Z

HungHanks23355: Made a entry

{{Short description|Bill of the Parliament of India}}{{Infobox legislation
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| citation = [https://egazette.gov.in/(S(g5bt2yrtqmkklff05am5xjhk))/ViewPDF.aspx Bill No. 79 of 2026]
| assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| date_assented = 30 March 2026
| introduced_by = [[Virendra Kumar Khatik]], [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Union Social Justice and Empowerment Minister]]
| date_introduced = 13 March 2026
| status = In Effect
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
The '''Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026''' is a proposed piece of legislation in [[India]] that seeks to amend the [[Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019]]. Introduced in the [[Parliament of India]] in February 2026, the bill aims to revise the procedures for legal gender recognition and the issuance of identity certificates for [[transgender]] individuals.<ref name="IE_Feb26">{{cite news |date=2026-02-15 |title=Explained: The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 and the shift from self-identification |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/transgender-bill-2026-self-identification-nalsa-explained-10584573/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2026-03-19}}</ref>
The bill has generated significant debate regarding the balance between preventing the misuse of welfare benefits and upholding the right to self-determined identity established by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in the 2014 ''[[National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India]]'' (''NALSA v. UOI'') judgment.<ref name="HT_Row26">{{cite news |title=Row over Transgender Amendment Bill explained: Why are some opposed to it? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/row-over-transgender-amendment-bill-explained-why-are-some-opposed-to-it-101773817693207.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2026-02-20 |access-date=2026-03-19}}</ref> The Bill was passed in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 24 March,<ref name="HinduLS26">{{Cite news |last=Lakshman |first=Abhinay |date=2026-03-24 |title=Transgender amendment bill passed by voice vote amid Opposition walk-out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/transgender-bill-in-lok-sabha-government-hails-reform-opposition-criticism/article70780013.ece |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 25 March<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-25 |title=Parliament clears Transgender Persons(Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill amid uproar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliament-passes-bill-to-amend-law-on-protection-and-rights-of-transgender-persons/article70784228.ece |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and by the President on 30 March 2026. It is yet to be enforced by the Central Government.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=2026-04-01 |title=President Murmu gives assent to transgender amendment bill amid Opposition criticism |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Apr/01/president-murmu-gives-assent-to-transgender-amendment-bill-amid-opposition-criticism |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
The 2019 Act allowed transgender individuals to obtain a "transgender certificate" based on their self-perceived identity, through the Transgender Certificate and Identity Cards scheme.<ref name="IE_Feb26" /> The 2026 Amendment Bill proposes to change this by making medical scrutiny a mandatory prerequisite for any legal recognition of transgender status.<ref name="Outlook_Identity26">{{cite magazine |title=Identity on Trial: Does the New Trans Bill Threaten Hard-Won Rights? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/identity-on-trial-does-the-new-trans-bill-threaten-hard-won-rights |magazine=Outlook India |date=2026-02-28 |access-date=2026-03-19}}</ref>

== Key provisions ==
The 2026 Bill introduces several structural changes to the process of obtaining identity documents:
* Definition of transgender : The bill drastically narrows the definition of transgender by only including sociocultural categories related to [[casteism|brahminical Hinduism]] (such as kinner, [[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]], [[aravani]], or jogta) and intersex peoples. <ref>{{cite web |title=The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-amendment-bill-2026 |website=PRS Legislative Research}}</ref> The bill also removes from the definition previously recognized transgender categories such as any trans man or woman who has gone through [[Gender-affirming hormone therapy|hormone replacement therapy]] or [[gender reassignment surgery]].

* Mandatory Medical Boards: The bill mandates the formation of Medical Boards at the state or union territory level to verify an applicant's claim.<ref name="IE_Feb26" /> The [[District Magistrate]] (DM) would only issue an identity certificate after a recommendation from the medical board. This replaces the previous system where the DM issued certificates upon request.<ref name="IE_Feb26" />
* Increased Penalties: The bill proposes harsher punishments for those found to be forcing trans persons into bonded labour, or kidnapping, or forcing people into a transgender identity. Similar penalties are introduced for those forcing trans persons into begging, bonded labour or other forms of servitude.<ref name="IE_Feb26" />
* Mandatory Reporting by Hospitals: The hospitals are mandated to report [[Gender-affirming surgery]] to the respective District Magistrate and Medical Board. The patient is also mandated to obtain the post-surgery gender certificate.<ref name="IE_Feb26" />

== Government rationale ==
The [[Government of India]] has stated that the amendments are necessary to prevent the "misuse" of the law. Officials argue that a formal verification process ensures that affirmative action measures and specific welfare schemes reach "genuine" beneficiaries rather than those misrepresenting their identity for personal gain.<ref name="IE_Feb26" /><ref name="HT_Row26" />

== Criticism ==
[[File:Protests against the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 in Goa.jpg|thumb|Protests against the Bill in Goa. The banner reads "Amka Naka Trans Amendment Bill 2026" (Translation: "We Don't Want Trans Amendment Bill 2026)"]]
The bill has faced criticism from activists and members of the transgender community. Critics argue that mandatory medical examinations "pathologize" transgender identities and violate the principle of self-identification recognized in the [[National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India|''NALSA'' (2014) ruling]]. Human rights advocates have described the verification process as an invasion of privacy and a potential source of humiliation for applicants.<ref name="Outlook_Identity26" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Diya Maria |date=2026-03-23 |title=Identity pushed into identity |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2026/Mar/23/identity-pushed-into-identity |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Aneesha |date=2026-03-23 |title=Erasure, not inclusion: Why activists are opposing amendments to Transgender Act |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/transgender-act-amendment-bill-sexual-gender-identities-medical-proof-opposition-protest-parliament-2885701-2026-03-23 |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Several members of the [[National Council for Transgender Persons]] (NCTP) have publicly opposed the bill, claiming the draft was kept confidential and that the council was not consulted during its formulation.<ref name="Hindu_NCTP26">{{cite news |title=NCTP members oppose Transgender Act amendments, say not consulted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nctp-members-oppose-transgender-act-amendments-say-not-consulted/article70753207.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2026-03-05 |access-date=2026-03-19}}</ref>

Activists criticized the new criminal clauses in the Bill, stating that this had the possibility to allow for further criminalisation of consensual medical care. The provisions on abduction, while intended to prevent abuse, were criticized by transgenders for reinforcing negative tropes about the transgender community. Further, it discourages doctors from providing advice and guidance on gender-reaffirming surgery, since it could lead to jail time. Further, medical groups condemned the amendment, stating that it is "scientifically inaccurate, medically unsound, and incompatible with contemporary standards of transgender healthcare".<ref name="WireUnconstitutional26">{{Cite web |first=Sharmita |last=Kar |date=22 March 2026 |title=‘Unconstitutional’, ‘Brahminical’: Why Trans Persons Are Opposing Amendments to Their Rights Law |url=https://thewire.in/lgbtqia/unconstitutional-brahminical-why-trans-persons-are-opposing-amendments-to-their-rights-law |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

In February and March 2026, protests against the bill were reported at [[Jantar Mantar]] in [[New Delhi]], where activists demanded the restoration of self-identification rights.<ref name="Outlook_Identity26" /> Protests were led by [[Anish Gawande]] from the [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]], the [[CPI(M)]] and the [[Students' Federation of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-20 |title=Over 44 student bodies slam Transgender Rights Amendment Bill |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Mar/20/over-44-student-bodies-slam-transgender-rights-amendment-bill-2 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |agency=PTI}}</ref> By late March 2026, protests were reported across India.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Nikhila |last=Henry |first2=Pavneet |last2=Singh Chadha |date=2026-03-22 |title=‘Criminalising lived realities’: Protests across India against Transgender Persons Amendment Bill |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-amendment-bill-2026-protests-nalsa-10595508/ |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On social media, people protested with the [[hashtag]] #RejectTransBill2026.<ref name="WireUnconstitutional26" />
[[File:Protest at Jantar Mantar against Trans Amendment Bill 2026 on 29th of March, 2026.jpg|thumb|Protest aginst the Bill at Jantar Mantar on 29th Of March, 2026]]

=== Reactions ===
[[Shashi Tharoor]] called the bill a "deeply regressive proposal" in Parliament in March 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Deeply regressive proposal": Shashi Tharoor criticizes Transgender Persons Amendment Bill 2026 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/deeply-regressive-proposal-shashi-tharoor-criticizes-transgender-persons-amendment-bill-202620260323054405/ |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> The CPI(M) released an official statement, calling the Bill an "assault on the constitutional rights of transgender persons and must be withdrawn forthwith."<ref name="WireUnconstitutional26" /> After the Bill was passed by [[voice vote]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 24 March 2026, [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]s from opposition parties walked out. These included [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], CPI(M), [[Trinamool Congress]], and the Nationalist Congress Party.<ref name="HinduLS26" />

== Laxmi Narayan Tripathi & Anr. v. Union of India & Anr. ==
On May 4, 2026, the [[Supreme Court of India]] issued notices to the Central government and all States regarding petitions challenging the Act's constitutional validity. Despite the ongoing challenge, the Supreme Court has refused to stay the operation of the law for now. The petition was filed under Article 32 of the Constitution, led by [[Laxmi Narayan Tripathi]] (chairperson of the [[National Council for Transgender Persons]]) and Zainab Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ajitesh |date=2026-05-04 |title=Supreme Court issues notice on plea challenging 2026 Transgender Amendment Act; refers matter to three-judge bench |url=https://theleaflet.in/leaflet-reports/supreme-court-issues-notice-on-plea-challenging-2026-transgender-amendment-act-refers-matter-to-three-judge-bench |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Leaflet |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Debby |date=2026-05-04 |title=Supreme Court Seeks Union's Response On Challenge To Transgender Rights (Amendment) Act, Asks If Self-Identification Could Be Misused |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-pleas-challenging-transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-amendment-act-self-perceived-gender-identity-532714 |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Debayan |date=2026-05-04 |title=Supreme Court refuses to stay Transgender Amendment Act |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-refuses-to-stay-transgender-amendment-act |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[LGBTQ rights in India]]
* [[Human rights in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Transgender rights in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Transgender law]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian law]]
[[Category:LGBTQ rights in India]]

Joseph Kollamparambil

2026-05-02T05:56:17Z

HungHanks23355: made a details w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = [[Mar (title)|Mar]]
| name = Joseph Kollamparambil
| title = Auxiliary bishop and ''Protosyncellus'' of the Archeparchy of Shamshabad
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese = [[Archeparchy of Shamshabad]]
| diocese =
| see =
| appointed = 25 August 2022
| enthroned =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| other_post = 
| ordination = 18 December 1981
| ordained_by = [[Joseph Powathil]]
| consecration = 9 October 2022
| consecrated_by = [[George Alencherry]], [[Joseph Perumthottam]], and [[Raphael Thattil]]
| rank = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|9|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pala, Kerala]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| previous_post =
| religion =
| motto =
| birth_name =
| coat_of_arms =
}}'''[[Mar (title)|Mar]] Joseph Kollamparambil''' (born 22 September 1955) is an Indian [[Bishop (Catholicism)|bishop]] of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] in the India. He is currently the senior auxiliary bishop and ''[[protosyncellus]]'' of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Shamshabad]].

== Biography ==

=== Early life and studies ===
Kollamparambil was born on 22 September 1955 in [[Pala, Kerala]]. He began his priestly formation at Paurastya Vidyapitham in Vadavathoor and then Good Shepherd Major Seminary in [[Kunnothuparamba|Kunnoth]]. He was then ordained to the ministry to 18 December 1981. After his ordination, he continued his studies gaining a Master of Arts degree from [[St. Thomas College, Palai|St. Thomas College]] and then a Doctorate in political science from [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eparchy of Shamshabad |url=https://www.shamshabaddiocese.org/auxilary_bishop_list/1 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.shamshabaddiocese.org}}</ref>

=== Ministry ===
Mar Joseph served in the Palai Pastoral Institute as its director. He then went back to his former alma mater [[St. Thomas College, Palai|St. Thomas College]] to serve as a professor before serving as Christ Raj Hostel and St. Thomas College of Teacher Education's Director. In 2003, He was appointed by [[Joseph Kallarangatt]] as the Dean of St. George College, Aruvithura and served in that role till 2011. He served as an Eparchial Consultor alongside that role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ccbi |date=2022-08-25 |title=Syro Malabar Church Appoints Three New Auxiliary Bishops |url=https://ccbi.in/syro-malabar-church-appoints-three-new-bishops/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=CCBI |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Serving in the Curia ===
After his term as the Aruvithura College Dean ended, He served as Eparchial Consultor and member of the Council for Economic Affairs, before being appointed by Bishop Kallarangatt as the Syncellus of the Eparchy. In 2019, He was invited by [[Raphael Thattil]] to serve as the [[Vicar general]] of the newly erected [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Shamshabad|Eparchy of Shamshabad]].<ref name=Hindu1>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-25 |title=Three new auxiliary bishops in Syro-Malabar Church |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/three-new-auxiliary-bishops-in-syro-malabar-church/article65810399.ece |access-date=2023-07-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Auxiliary Of Shamshabad ===
On 25 August 2022, [[Pope Francis]] announced and approved of the election of Kollamparambil as one of the two auxiliary bishops for [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Shamshabad|Shamshabad]] along with [[Thomas Padiyath]] by the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Synod]]. He was consecrated on 9 October 2022, by Cardinal [[George Alencherry]].<ref name=Hindu1 />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references responsive="1"></references>{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church hierarchy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kollamparambil, Joseph}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, alumni]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar bishops]]

{{SyroMalabar-bishop-stub}}

Mandya Ramesh

2026-04-26T01:59:32Z

HungHanks23355: made new entry.

{{Short description|Indian Kannada actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mandya Ramesh
| image = Mandya Ramesh, Actor, director.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|07|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mandya]], [[Mysore State]], India
| alma_mater =
| yearsactive = 1982–present
| television = ''[[Majaa Talkies]]'' (2015–present)
| occupation = Actor, director
}}

'''Mandya Ramesh''' is an Indian actor, comedian, director and theatre personality who mainly works in the [[Kannada]] films and theatre. He is the founder secretary of ''Natana'', Rangashaale, Mysore, a theatre training institutions of India.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/passion-for-the-proscenium/article25930712.ece| title = Mandya Ramesh and passion for the proscenium – The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 7 January 2019| last1 = R| first1 = Shilpa Sebastian}}</ref>

==Career==
Ramesh started his theatre career in 1982 through a theatre workshop conducted by Ashok Badaradinni, a graduate from [[National School of Drama]]. He has worked for [[Neenasam]] theatre institute from 1984 as an actor and technician. He then joined [[Rangayana]] in 1989 and worked under the guidance of [[B. V. Karanth]] for around 9 years. He debuted into acting in films in 1995, with a role in the film ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'' alongside [[Shiva Rajkumar]]. In 2002 he founded his own school for theatre arts, ''Natana''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.natanamysuru.org |title=Natana |language=en |access-date=2023-06-22 }}</ref> which is a theatre institution in India with many working wings. He has also written two books, ''Rangavalli'' and ''Kanavarike'' that are related to his life in theatre. He has acted in more than 350 films among which ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'', ''[[Nagamandala]]'', ''[[Kanasugara]]'', ''[[Mata (2006 film)|Mata]]'', ''[[Un Samayal Arayil|Oggarane]]'', [[Uppina Kagada]], [[Bhajarangi 2]], [[Devara Naadalli]], [[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]], [[Yajamana (2019 film)|Yajamana]] are prominent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/mandya-ramesh.html |title=Mandya Ramesh – Movies, Photos, Filmography, Biography, Wallpapers, Videos, Fan Club |publisher=Filmibeat |access-date=2015-09-19}}</ref> He has also appeared in TV series like ''Janani'', ''Manethana'', '' Chi Sou Savithri'', "Shreerasthu Shubhamasthu", "Ivalu Sujatha". Plays he has directed include "Oorubhanga", "CHaama Chaluve", "Subhadra Kalyana", "Sayoo Aata", "Mruccha Katika", "Sankranthi". He is currently serving as the founder director for ''Natana'' School of Theatre arts situated in [[Mysuru]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://natanamysoreenglish.blogspot.in/p/mandya-ramesh.html|title=natanamysoreenglish: MANDYA RAMESH|publisher=Natanamysoreenglish.blogspot.in|access-date=2015-09-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103071717/http://natanamysoreenglish.blogspot.in/p/mandya-ramesh.html|archive-date=3 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He also appears as ''Mandya Muddesha'' in the [[Kannada]] sketch comedy show ''[[Majaa Talkies]]'', hosted by [[Srujan Lokesh]] currently being aired on [[Colors Kannada]] channel. He has completed 39 years in [[Theatre of India|theatre]] and 25 years in [[Kannada cinema]].

==Awards and honours==
*Karnataka Nataka Academy state award (2017)
* Samskaara Bharathi Natya Samaroha Award: Best Young Theatre Director (1981)
* [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]: [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] ([[Nagamandala]], 1996–97)
* Cultural Department, Government of India: Expert ccommittee member (2000–2003)
* Karnataka Nataka Academy: Member
* Knock Out Award: Best Actor in Supporting Role
* Udaya Film Award: Best Actor in Supporting Role
* K V Shankare Gowda Theatre Award
* Sandesha Award
* Aryabhata Award
* Rangayana: Member of Ranga Samaja (Governing Council)

==Filmography==

=== Selected filmography ===
{{Colbegin}}
* ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Nagamandala]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Mahalakshmi (film)|Mahalakshmi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Kanasugara]]'' (2001)
* ''Colours'' (2003)
* ''[[Aham Premasmi]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Amrithadhare]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Mata (2006 film)|Mata]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Shubham (film)|Shubham]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Mussanje Maathu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Kalla Malla Sulla]]'' (2011)
* ''Kariya Kan Bitta'' (2013)
* ''[[Gajakesari]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Un Samayal Arayil|Oggarane]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Power (2014 Kannada film)|Power]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Melody (2015 film)|Melody]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Geetha Bangle Store]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Devara Nadalli]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Kiragoorina Gayyaligalu]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Ishtakamya]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Uppina Kagada]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Nemoda Boolya]]'' (2017; Tulu)
* ''[[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Law (film)|Law]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Taledanda (2022 film)|Taledanda]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Kranti (2023 film)|Kranti]] '' (2023)
* ''[[Daredevil Musthafa]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Kaasina Sara]]'' (2023)
* ''Elra Kaleleyatthe Kala'' (2026)
{{colend}}

===Plays (as director)===
* ''Mruccha Katika''
* ''Sankranthi''
* ''Maranayaka''
* ''Chora Chandradaasa''
* ''Nagamandala''
* ''Agni Mattu Male''
* ''Sahebru Baruttare''
* ''Yuyuthsu''
* ''Ee Kelaginavaru''
* ''Alibaba''
* ''Neeli Kudure''
* ''Govina Haadu''
* ''Nayi Thippa''
* ''Yugantha''
* ''Vakra''
* ''Ratna Pakshi''
* ''Ailudore''
* ''Chamachaluve''
* ''Samsaradalli Sa Ni Da Pa''
* ''Oorubhanga''
* ''Subhadra Kalyana''



==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.natanamysuru.org/about-mandya-ramesh/ |title=Natana – About Mandya Ramesh |language=en  }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramesh, Mandya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:People from Mandya district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada television]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

Dhananjay Mahadik (field hockey)

2026-04-24T12:05:45Z

HungHanks23355: created new details.

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
|name=Dhananjay Mahadik
|image=
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1984|11|5|df=yes}}
|birth_place=[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahadik Dhananjay|url=http://indiahockey.net/india-hockey-team/mahadik-dhananjay/|publisher=indiahockey.net|accessdate=26 July 2016}}</ref>
|death_date=
|death_place=
|height=
|position=[[Field hockey#Positions|Defender]]
|currentclub=
|youthclubs1=
|youthyears1=
|clubs1=
|years1=
|caps(goals)1=
|clubs2=
|years2=
|caps(goals)2=
|clubs3=
|years3=
|caps(goals)3=
|nationalteam1=[[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
|nationalyears1=
|nationalcaps(goals)1=
|updated=25 July 2016
|medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{flagu|India}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]]|[[Field hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2010 Asian Games|Team]]}}
}}

'''Dhananjay Mahadik''' (born 5 November 1984) is a former Indian [[field hockey]] player who played as a [[Field hockey#Positions|defender]] for the [[India men's national field hockey team|national team]]. He was part of the team that won the bronze medal at the [[2010 Asian Games]] and silver medal at the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]]. Currently he is working in Department of Sales Tax, Government of Maharashtra as Assistant Commissioner of sales tax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai builder cheats hockey hero of his life savings|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-builder-cheats-hockey-hero-of-his-life-savings/15377196|publisher=Mid Day|accessdate=26 July 2016}}</ref>

In 2013, [[Hockey India]] appointed Mahadik as the video analyst of the men's senior team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhananjay Mahadik appointed video analyst of Indian hockey team|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/news/211053-dhananjay-mahadik-appointed-video-analyst-of-indian-hockey-team|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=26 July 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/yuvasena/sandeep.htm Player profile] at bharatiyahockey.org

{{India FH Squad 2010 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahadik, Dhananjay}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:2010 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Yogeshwar Mahto

2026-04-23T01:11:12Z

HungHanks23355: Made article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yogeshwar Mahto
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2014
| term_end = 2019
| constituency = [[Bermo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bermo]]
| predecessor = [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
| successor = [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
| term_start1 = 2005
| term_end1 = 2009
| constituency1 = [[Bermo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bermo]]
| predecessor1 = [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| education =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Yogeshwar Mahto''' is an Indian politician from Jharkhand from the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Yogeshwar |title=MLA |url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/yogeshwar-mahto/ |access-date=28 April 2022 |work=Political Leader |agency=nocorruption.in}}</ref> In 2014 he was elected as a member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Yogeshwar |title=BJP |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12507 |access-date=9 April 2022 |work=Political Leader |agency=myneta.info}}</ref> from [[Bermo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bermo]] constituency. He lost in the 2019 Assembly elections to [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]].<ref name="Telegraphindia">{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Yogeshwar |title=BJP |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/bjp-falls-back-on-old-war-horses-for-dumka-bermo-bypolls/cid/1794456 |access-date=28 April 2022 |agency=Telegraphindia |date=11 Oct 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People from Bokaro district]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2005–2009]]

{{Jharkhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Chandrakant Bellad

2026-04-19T01:59:44Z

HungHanks23355: created data.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| predecessor3 = [[S. R. Morey]]
| spouse = Leelavathi Bellad
| father = Gurappa Bellad
| education = [[SSLC]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_place = [[Bellad Bagewadi]], [[Belagavi district]], [[Karnataka]]
| successor3 = [[S. R. Morey]]
| term_end3 = 2004
| successor4 = [[S. R. Morey]]
| predecessor4 = [[S. R. Morey]]
| term_end4 = 1989
| term_start4 = 1985
| office4 =
| constituency3 = [[Dharwad (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Dharwad]]
| birth_date = 1938/39<ref name=myneta/>
| constituency4 = [[Dharwad (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Dharwad]]
| term_end2 = 2013
| term_start2 = 2008
| caption =
| office1 = President of Border Area Development Authority [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term1 = 2008–2013
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] [[Sadananda Gowda]] [[Jagadish Shettar]]
| office2 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1994
| image =
| 1blankname2 =
| 1namedata2 =
| predecessor2 = ''Seat established''
| successor2 = [[Aravind Bellad]]
| constituency2 = [[Hubli-Dharwad West (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Hubli-Dharwad West]]
| office3 =
| children = 4 daughters and 1 son ([[Aravind Bellad]])
| website =
}}

'''Chandrakant Bellad''' is the former member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] and an Indian Politician.<ref name="Chandrakant Bellad hailed">{{cite news |title=Chandrakant Bellad hailed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/chandrakant-bellad-felicitated-in-dharwad-by-lingayat-mutts-and-political-leaders/articleshow/106073911.cms |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423151403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/chandrakant-bellad-felicitated-in-dharwad-by-lingayat-mutts-and-political-leaders/articleshow/106073911.cms |archive-date=23 April 2025}}</ref> He first contested [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]s as a [[Janata Party]] candidate from [[Dharwad (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Dharwad Assembly constituency]] and lost by a wafer thin margin of 132 votes against [[S. R. Morey]] of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Dharwad Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/dharwad-karnataka-assembly-constituency|access-date=2022-01-16|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> Later he defeated the same candidate and emerged victorious in [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref name=":0"/> He unsuccessfully contested against then 3-time [[Indian National Congress]] [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] [[D. K. Naikar]] from [[Dharwad North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency]] during [[1991 Indian general election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IndiaVotes PC: Dharwad North 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=10&pcname=Dharwad+North&submit=|access-date=2022-01-16|website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ಅವರ ಸರಳತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಮರ್ಪಣ ಭಾವ ನನ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಪೂರ್ತಿ ತಂದಿತ್ತು: ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ್ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/karnataka/2018/aug/17/his-simplicity-dedication-was-inspiring-bellad-321404.html|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Kannadaprabha|language=kn}}</ref> Despite not having any [[BJP]] [[MLA (India)|MLA]] from then [[Dharwad district]] (comprising [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]], [[Haveri district|Haveri]] and [[Gadag district]]s in present day), Chandrakant Bellad gave a close fight by getting 29% votes which was just 22,209 less than [[D. K. Naikar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dharwad North Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/dharwad-north-lok-sabha|access-date=2022-01-16|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He was elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] (from [[Dharwad (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Dharwad Assembly constituency]]) in [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] and [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]. He also represented [[Hubli-Dharwad West (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Hubli-Dharwad West]] from [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] to 2013.<ref name="Congress choses new faces, gives ticket to 3 youngsters">{{cite news |title=Congress choses new faces, gives ticket to 3 youngsters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/congress-choses-new-faces-gives-ticket-to-3-youngsters/articleshow/63775674.cms |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=15 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423151515/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/congress-choses-new-faces-gives-ticket-to-3-youngsters/articleshow/63775674.cms |archive-date=23 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> He was the President of Border Area Development Authority from 2008 to 2013. He announced retirement from active politics before [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/top-news/2013/mar/28/ರಾಜಕೀಯ-ನವೃತತ-ಘೋಷಸದ-ಬಲಲದ-30011.html|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Kannadaprabha|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gururaj|date=2013-03-27|title=ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/2013/03/27/chandrakant-bellad-announce-political-retirement-072613.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=kannada.oneindia.com|language=kn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182406/https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/2013/03/27/chandrakant-bellad-announce-political-retirement-072613.html |archive-date=18 January 2022 }}</ref>

== Awards ==
He was awarded Kannada Chalavali Veerasenani M. Ramamurthy award by [[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]] in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://suddisante.com/kannada-veerasenani-prize/|access-date=2022-01-16|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://www.prajavani.net/karnataka-news/kannada-sahitya-parishat-awards-806035.html|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Prajavani|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born to Gurappa Bellad in [[Bellad Bagewadi]], [[Belagavi district]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="myneta" /> He married Leelavathi Bellad and the couple have 5 sons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage|url=http://arvindbellad.com/zh/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Arvind Bellad|language=zh-CN}}</ref> His youngest son [[Aravind Bellad]] is representing [[Hubli-Dharwad West (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Hubli-Dharwad West]] after his political retirement i.e., since [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]. The family runs business. He completed [[SSLC]] from RLS High School, [[Dharwad]] in 1965.<ref name="myneta">{{Cite web|title=BELLAD CHANDRAKANT GURAPPA(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- Hubli-Dharwad-West(DHARWAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/karnatka2008/candidate.php?candidate_id=848|access-date=2022-01-16|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
He accused [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|former Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] of betraying him by denying Cabinet berth and went on to claim that he made [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] the [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಶಾಸಕ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ ಫಟಾಫಟ್ ಸಂದರ್ಶನ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/dharawada/-/articleshow/19247490.cms|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gururaj|date=2013-03-27|title=ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/2013/03/27/chandrakant-bellad-announce-political-retirement-072613.html|access-date=2022-01-31|website=kannada.oneindia.com|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-16|title=ಬಿ.ಎಸ್.ವೈ ನ ಸಿಎಂ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇ ನಾನು, ಮಾಜಿ ಶಾಸಕ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ.|url=https://newstimekarnataka.com/chandrakanantbellad-bsy/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=NEWS TIME KARNATAKA|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=ಯಡಿಯೂರಪ್ಪನವರಿಗೆ ಆತ್ಮವಂಚನೆಯಾಗಿದೆ: ಮಾಜಿ ಶಾಸಕ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ್ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ್|url=https://publictv.in/%e0%b2%af%e0%b2%a1%e0%b2%bf%e0%b2%af%e0%b3%82%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%aa%e0%b3%8d%e0%b2%aa%e0%b2%a8%e0%b2%b5%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%bf%e0%b2%97%e0%b3%86-%e0%b2%86%e0%b2%a4%e0%b3%8d%e0%b2%ae%e0%b2%b5%e0%b2%82%e0%b2%9a/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Public TV|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ಯಡಿಯೂರಪ್ಪ ಅವರನ್ನ ಮುಖ್ಯಮಂತ್ರಿ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದು ನಾನೇ:ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ|url=https://www.vijayavani.net/a-chief-minister-bsy-chandrakanta-bellada/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617072504/https://www.vijayavani.net/a-chief-minister-bsy-chandrakanta-bellada/ |archive-date=17 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-16|title=ಯಡಿಯೂರಪ್ಪನ ಬೆಳೆಸಿ, ಸಿಎಂ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೆ ನಾನು ಎಂದ ಮಾಜಿ ಶಾಸಕ ಚಂದ್ರಕಾಂತ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ...!|url=https://prajakiran.com/ex-mla-chandrakant-bellad/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Praja Kiran|language=en-US}}</ref> His son [[Aravind Bellad]] accused that his phone was tapped and complained to Police and then [[Fourth Yediyurappa ministry|Home minister]] [[Basavaraj Bommai]]. However Chandrakant Bellad suggested [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] resign if [[BJP]] High-command instructs him.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-17|title=My phone is being tapped: Arvind Bellad|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/my-phone-is-being-tapped-arvind-bellad/article34842030.ece|access-date=2022-01-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bellad, Chandrakant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]

Gajarama

2026-04-07T01:52:50Z

HungHanks23355: created new post.

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language action drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gajarama
| image = Gajarama.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sunil Kumar V. A.
| producer = Narasimha Murthy V.
| writer = Sunil Kumar V. A.
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Raja Vardan]]
*[[Thapaswini Poonacha]]}}
| music = [[Mano Murthy]]
| cinematography = K. S. Chandrashekar
| editing = Jnaanesh B. Matad
| studio = Life Line Films
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|2|7|df=yes}}
| runtime = 131 minutes<ref name="BMR" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Gajarama''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by Sunil Kumar V. A. The film stars [[Raja Vardan]] and [[Thapaswini Poonacha]].

== Plot ==
Rama (Rajavardan), a young man from a small village in Karnataka dreams of becoming a national-level wrestling champion. His immense physical strength earns him the nickname "Gajarama," symbolizing his power and determination. Rama trains under Rudrappa (Sharath Lohitashwa), a former wrestling champion who sees his own unfulfilled dreams reflected in Rama and mentors him with unwavering support.

Rama’s childhood crush, Anjali (Thapaswini Poonacha), returns to the village from Bengaluru. Rama hopes to confess his love, but his world shatters when Anjali hands him her wedding invitation, she is engaged to ACP Pratap (Deepak). Heartbroken, Rama channels his pain into his wrestling ambitions, focusing on winning a national championship. His journey leads him to Bengaluru, where fate brings him face-to-face with Anjali again, intertwining his personal struggles with his professional aspirations.

As Rama prepares for a crucial wrestling competition, he becomes entangled in a dangerous subplot involving Anjali’s fiancé and a ruthless antagonist, Alex (Kabir Duhan Singh). This conflict adds layers of tension, forcing Rama to choose between his lifelong dream and unresolved emotions.

== Cast ==
* [[Raja Vardan]] as Rama
* [[Thapaswini Poonacha]] as Anjali
* ''Shishya'' Deepak as ACP Pratap
* [[Kabir Duhan Singh]]
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Rudrappa
* [[Ragini Dwivedi]] as Saaraayi Shanthamma (Special appearance)

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gajarama
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mano Murthy]]
| released = 2025
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 25:54
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| chronology = [[Mano Murthy]]
| prev_title = [[Pranayam (2024 film)|Pranayam]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Q8DDhOL0Sqc|''Gajarama'' — Jukebox}}}}
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Mano Murthy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gajarama (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/bh/album/gajarama-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1799714892 |website=[[Apple Music]] |date=1 March 2025 |access-date=7 April 2025 |archive-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409010324/https://music.apple.com/bh/album/gajarama-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1799714892 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Saaraayi Shaantamma
| length1 = 4:19
| lyrics1 = Chinmay Bhavikere
| extra1 = [[Mangli]], [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| title2 = Gajarama
| note2 = Title Track
| length2 = 4:19
| lyrics2 = [[Chethan Kumar (director)|''Bharjari'' Chethan Kumar]]
| extra2 = [[Hemanth Kumar]]
| title3 = Kanasale Kavithe
| length3 = 3:39
| lyrics3 = Chinmay Bhavikere
| extra3 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title4 = Ella Helabekide
| length4 = 4:08
| lyrics4 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| extra4 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| title5 = Kaaldaari Kavalaagi
| length5 = 4:20
| lyrics5 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra5 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| title6 = Gajarama
| note6 = Theme 1
| length6 = 1:02
| lyrics6 = {{mdash}}
| extra6 = {{mdash}}
| title7 = Gajarama
| note7 = Theme 2
| length7 = 1:37
| lyrics7 = {{mdash}}
| extra7 = {{mdash}}
| title8 = Gajarama
| note8 = Trailer Theme
| length8 = 2:30
| lyrics8 = {{mdash}}
| extra8 = {{mdash}}
| total_length = 25:54
}}

== Release ==
''Gajarama'' was released theatrically on 7 February 2025.

== Reception ==
Sridevi S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Director Sunil Kumar has helmed a commercial caper and has played safe with familiar tropes. Ragini Dwivedi is a visual treat as Sarayi Shantamma in the dance number. ''Gajarama'' offers nothing new in terms of story or filmmaking."<ref>{{cite news |title=Gajarama Movie Review : Gajarama review: A template commercial entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/gajarama/movie-review/118054177.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-date=7 April 2025 |access-date=7 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407014019/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/gajarama/movie-review/118054177.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "While the emotional depth and themes of ambition, love, and failure hold promise, the film's uneven pacing and lack of refinement prevent it from fully realising its potential. It’s a journey of grit and heart, but one that feels incomplete in its execution."<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title='Gajarama' movie review: Lacks strength to wrestle with emotions |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Feb/10/gajarama-movie-review-lacks-strength-to-wrestle-with-emotions |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Rajavardan has improved a lot when compared to his previous movies. He is at his best in action scenes, especially in wrestling. He needs to hone his dancing skills though. Tapaswini Poonacha looks good and has acted well."<ref name="BMR">{{cite news |title=Gajarama Movie Review: A Rollercoaster of Love, Wrestling, and Drama |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/gajarama-movie-review-a-rollercoaster-of-love-wrestling-and-drama/articleshow/118037923.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=8 February 2025 |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date=7 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409010201/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/gajarama-movie-review-a-rollercoaster-of-love-wrestling-and-drama/amp_articleshow/118037923.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]

Longtharai (film)

2026-04-02T09:17:06Z

HungHanks23355: made a stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| director = Dipak Bhattacharya
| screenplay = Dipak Bhattacharya
| story = Bimal Sinha
| based_on = Karachi Theke Longtharai
| studio = North Eastern Films
| released = {{Film date|1986}}
| runtime = 75 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Kokborok]]
}}

'''''Longtharai''''' is a 1986 first [[Kokborok Cinema|Kokborok film]] directed by Dipak Bhattacharya, adapted from [[Tripura]]’s former Health and Urban Development Minister and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]] leader Bimal Sinha’s novel "Karachi theke Longtharai".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Deb Barma |first=Aloy |url=https://trci.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/CINEMA%20AS%20ART%20AND%20POPULAR%20CULTURE%20IN%20TRIPURA-%20AN%20INTRODUCTION.pdf |title=Cinema as Art and Popular Culture in Tripura: An Introduction |last2=Debroy |first2=Prajapita |publisher=[[Tribal Research and Cultural Institute]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-81-958995-0-0 |location=Agartala |pages=18 |ol=44969662M}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Debroy |first=Prajapita |date=2024 |title=Tripuriness Endangered? Identity Politics and the Aesthetics of Indigeneity in Post-Globalization Kokborok Cinema |url=http://mzuhssjournal.in/images/resources/v10n1/debroy.pdf |journal=Mizoram University Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=541 |issn=2395-7352 |eissn=2581-6780}}</ref>

== Production ==
The 75-minute film's screenplay was created by Bhattacharya, who also directed it amid the intense political unrest that would engulf Tripura's hinterlands in the late 1980s. In the 1980s, shooting in celluloid with [[sync sound]] and color was a significant advance for aspiring filmmakers in [[Tripura]]. Only two prints of ''Longtharai'' were reportedly made, one of which is in the possession of the [[Government of Tripura]], reportedly as a result of inadequate financial support and an exceedingly laborious post-production procedure during the celluloid era.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barma |first=Aloy Deb |date=2024 |title=Talking Back through Peripheral Visions and Negotiating Identity: Kokborok and Bengali Films and Music Videos in Tripura |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/931184 |journal=Journal of Film and Video |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=33–48 |issn=1934-6018}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kokborok Cinema]]
* [[List of Kokborok-language films]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* Barma, Aloy Deb. Reading Contemporary Kokborok and Bengali Films and Videos in Tripura: History, Technology and Infrastructure. 2022. Jadavpur U.
* Debroy, Prajapita. Is Tripuriness Endangered? Read ing the Diffused Substance of Tripuri Indigeneity and Hybridity in Contemporary Kokborok Films against Bollywood in a Post-Globalization Era. 2023. Tripura U.

[[Category:Cinema of Tripura]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tripura]]
[[Category:Kokborok]]
[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:Kokborok-language films]]

{{India-film-stub}}

Ajoy Mukherjee

2026-03-29T18:35:14Z

HungHanks23355:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1901–1986)}}
{{For|the communist politician|Ajoy Mukhopadhyay}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ajoy Mukherjee
| image = Stamp of India - 2002 - Colnect 158282 - Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar - Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee.jpeg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Ajoy Mukherjee commemorated on Indian postage in 2002

| order1 = 3rd
| office1 = Chief Minister of West Bengal
| term_start1 = 1 March 1967
| term_end1 = 21 November 1967
| predecessor1 = [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
| successor1 = [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
| term_start2 = 25 February 1969
| term_end2 = 30 July 1970
| predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]
| successor2 = [[President's rule]]

| term_start3 = 2 April 1971
| term_end3 = 28 June 1971
| predecessor3 = [[President's rule]]
| successor3 = [[President's rule]]

| office4 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 1951
| term_end4 = 1967
| constituency4 = [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| predecessor4 = ''Constituency established''
| successor4 = Ajoy Malakar

| constituency5 = [[Arambagh Assembly constituency|Arambagh]]
| term_start5 = 1967
| term_end5 = 1968
| predecessor5 = ''Constituency established''
| successor5 = [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]

| term_start6 = 1969
| term_end6 = 1977
| predecessor6 = Ajoy Malakar
| successor6 = [[Biswanath Mukherjee]]
| constituency6 = [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1901|04|15}}
| birth_place = [[Tamluk]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1986|05|27|df=yes|1901|04|15}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress (R)]] | otherparty= [[Bangla Congress]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1977)
| alma_mater = [[Tamluk Hamilton High School]]
| spouse =
| website =
}}
'''Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee''' (15 April 1901 – 27 May 1986) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served three short terms as the [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]]. He hailed from [[Tamluk]], [[Purba Medinipur district]], West Bengal.

==Life and career==
Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee, born in [[Tamluk]], West Bengal, India in 1901, was one of the leaders of [[Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar]] (Tamrlipta National Government), which came into effect on 17 December 1942 during the [[Quit India Movement]], a programme of civil disobedience launched in India in 1942. He was greatly influenced by [[Swami Vivekananda]]. Earlier a member of the [[Indian National Congress]], he later founded the [[Bangla Congress]], which co-governed with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in two [[United Front (1967)|United Front]] governments in 1967-1971. He held the chief ministerial position in both these governments, from March to November 1967, and again from February 1969 to March 1970.

In the year 1967 Ajoy Mukherjee defeated [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]], another Gandhian, at Arambagh assembly constituency and became chief minister of West Bengal after Sen. Architect of Ajoy Mukherjee's victory at Arambagh was Narayan Ch Ghosh, the then students leader at Arambagh. Narayan Ghosh accompanied Ajoy Mukherjee in a boat for several days to see several flood affected areas in Arambagh & Ghatal subdivision in 1968. People of flood affected areas were enthused by Ajoy Mukherjee for his tireless move to stand for them.

In 1971, Ajoy Mukherjee with some of his closed colleagues, viz. [[Pranab Mukherjee]] etc., joined [[Indian National Congress (R)]] leaving [[Sushil Kumar Dhara|Sushil Dhara]] – his long term associate. He was offered ministerial post at Centre by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], but Ajoy Mukherjee declined, citing his age and health condition and recommended Pranab Mukherjee for the post, who became State Minister in the Indian Cabinet.

He was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] award in 1977 from [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php?start=140 | title = Padm Bibhusan Awardees| access-date = 2008-07-30 | work =My Indian, My Pride | publisher = India.gov.in}}</ref>

His brother [[Biswanath Mukherjee (politician)|Biswanath Mukherjee]] & sister-in-law [[Geeta Mukherjee]] were both members of the [[Communist Party of India]]. Ajoy's niece Kalyani (daughter of another brother) was married to [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] and was the mother of [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] and [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]].

Mukherjee died on 27 May 1986 in Calcutta.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.parabaas.com/translation/database/reviews/brSumanta.html|title=THE NAXALITES: THROUGH THE EYES OF THE POLICE: Book review |author= Sumanta Banerjee|work=Parabaas Inc.|access-date=2014-11-30}}
*{{cite journal|jstor=312891|title=Land and Power: The Marxist Conquest of Rural Bengal|first=Arild Engelsen|last=Ruud|date=1 January 1994|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00012440|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=28|issue=2|pages=357–380|s2cid=146540200 }}
* [https://archive.today/20130218104518/http://www.smritisoudha.in/]
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
|title=[[Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
|years=15 March 1967 – 2 November 1967
|after=[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
}}
{{succession box
|before=President's Rule
|title=[[Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
|years=25 February 1969 – 19 March 1970
|after=President's Rule
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of West Bengal}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly4}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly3}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Ajoy}}
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bangla Congress politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tamluk]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1951–1957]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1969–1971]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1971–1972]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1972–1977]]

2023 Indian Premier League

2026-03-29T03:28:42Z

HungHanks23355: general improve formatting to improve readability and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2023 Indian Premier League
| image = TATA IPL 2023 Logo.png
| fromdate = 31 March 2023
| todate = 30 May 2023
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI)
| cricket format = [[Twenty20]]
| tournament format = Group stage and playoffs
| participants = 10
| matches = 74
| champions = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| count = 5
| runner up = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| previous_year = 2022
| previous_tournament = 2022 Indian Premier League
| next_year = [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]]
| next_tournament =
| most valuable player = Shubman Gill (Gujarat Titans)
| most runs = Shubman Gill (Gujarat Titans) (890)
| most wickets = [[Mohammed Shami]] ([[Gujarat Titans]]) (28)
| website = {{URL|iplt20.com}}
}}

The '''2023 Indian Premier League''' (also known as '''Tata IPL 2023''' for sponsorship reasons and sometimes referred to as '''IPL 2023''' or '''IPL 16''') was the 16th season of the [[Indian Premier League]], a franchise [[Twenty20 cricket]] league in [[India]]. It is organised by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL Auction Set for December 23 in Kochi|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-set-for-december-23-in-kochi-1344093|work=ESPN|access-date=11 November 2022|archive-date=11 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111075859/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-set-for-december-23-in-kochi-1344093|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[2023 Indian Premier League final|final]], [[Chennai Super Kings]] defeated [[Gujarat Titans]], by five wickets ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS]] method) to win their fifth league title.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 May 2023 |title=CSK vs GT: Chennai Super Kings wins IPL 2023 final with Jadeja's last ball four, equals MI with fifth league title; Dhoni equals Rohit |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-wins-ipl-2023-final-vs-gt-chennai-super-kings-fifth-title-ms-dhoni-equals-mumbai-indians/article66909605.ece |website=SportStar |date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529213445/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-wins-ipl-2023-final-vs-gt-chennai-super-kings-fifth-title-ms-dhoni-equals-mumbai-indians/article66909605.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Background ==
The league returned to its original home-and-away format after a four year hiatus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Karan |date=20 March 2023 |title=After 4 Years Gap, IPL Back To Home And Away Format |url=https://youriplnews.com/after-4-years-gap-ipl-back-to-home-and-away-format/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2023 |website=Your IPL News |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323221306/https://youriplnews.com/after-4-years-gap-ipl-back-to-home-and-away-format/ }}</ref> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], the previous three seasons were held at neutral venues.<ref>{{Cite news |title=IPL to return to home-away format in 2023: Ganguly - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-to-return-to-home-away-format-in-2023-ganguly/article65921805.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=The Hindu |date=22 September 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114146/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-to-return-to-home-away-format-in-2023-ganguly/article65921805.ece }}</ref> "Fan parks" were organised in 45 cities, events which last occurred in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL fan parks set to return after 2019... |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3865/ipl-fan-parks-return-after-2019-set-to-cover-over-20-states-2-union-territories-45-cities |url-status=live |website=IPLT20 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330160950/https://www.iplt20.com/news/3865/ipl-fan-parks-return-after-2019-set-to-cover-over-20-states-2-union-territories-45-cities }}</ref>{{efn|In fan parks, the league installs a large screen where audiences can watch matches.}} and an opening ceremony took place for the first time with performances from [[Arijit Singh]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], and [[Rashmika Mandanna]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=IPL 2023 Opening Ceremony: When And Where To Watch Live Telecast, Live Streaming. Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2023/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-when-and-where-to-watch-live-telecast-live-streaming-3908127 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404014115/https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2023/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-when-and-where-to-watch-live-telecast-live-streaming-3908127 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-31 |title=IPL 2023 Opening Ceremony Highlights: Tamanna, Rashmika sizzle as Arijit enthralls Ahmedabad crowd in dazzling event |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-live-updates-rashmika-tamanna-arijit-singh-to-sizzle-in-star-studded-event-101680238789195.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404014115/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-live-updates-rashmika-tamanna-arijit-singh-to-sizzle-in-star-studded-event-101680238789195.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Format ===
The teams are divided into two groups (A and B) of five teams. Each team plays twice against all five teams in the other group (home and away), and once against all four of the teams in its own group. All teams play seven home and seven away games.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/2023-format-new-rules/| title=IPL 2023 Format and New Rules – All Exclusive Details| work=Times of Sport| access-date=6 April 2023| archive-date=8 February 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208060451/https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/2023-format-new-rules/| url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:50%;"| Group A !! style="width:50%;"| Group B
|-
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| [[Delhi Capitals]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|-
| [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || [[Punjab Kings]]
|}

=== Rules ===
{{Main|Indian Premier League#Rules|}}
A number of new laws have been introduced in this season:
* A penalty of five runs if unfair movement by a fielder or wicketkeeper occurs as a ball being delivered and before it is received by the batsman. The dead ball will also be declared.<ref name=":2" />
* Teams can be declared after the toss.
* An "Impact Player" rule allowing teams to substitute a player during a match from four named substitutes.{{Efn|The Impact Player can only be an Indian player unless there are less than 4 overseas players in the Playing XI.}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=IPL Impact Player to be Indian unless the team starts with less than four foreigners|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124905/impact-player-in-ipl-can-only-be-an-indian-confirms-bcci|access-date=1 January 2023|website=Cricbuzz|date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101123632/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124905/impact-player-in-ipl-can-only-be-an-indian-confirms-bcci|url-status=live}}</ref>
* If a team fails to bowl their 20 overs in the allocated time, only four fielders will be allowed outside of the fielding restrictions circle for the remainder of the innings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=IPL 2023 new rules: Playing XI, Impact Player to be revealed after toss; penalties for an unfair keeper, fielder movement |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-new-rules-playing-xi-impact-player-to-be-revealed-after-toss-penalties-for-unfair-keeper-fielder-movement-101679487255661.html |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323061508/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-new-rules-playing-xi-impact-player-to-be-revealed-after-toss-penalties-for-unfair-keeper-fielder-movement-101679487255661.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Teams can review balls for wides and no-balls using the [[Decision Review System]] (DRS). This change was first used during the [[2023 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2023 Women's Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=Players can review wides and no-balls using DRS in WPL and IPL |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/after-womens-premier-league-players-to-be-eligible-to-take-drs-for-wide-and-no-ball-calls-in-ipl-report-article-98440249 |access-date=29 March 2023 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329142714/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/after-womens-premier-league-players-to-be-eligible-to-take-drs-for-wide-and-no-ball-calls-in-ipl-report-article-98440249 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Participating teams==
The same 10 teams from the [[2022 Indian Premier League|previous season]] returned with few changes to the team personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023 Teams and Squads. IPL 2023 teams & players list |url=https://www.crictracker.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-teams-and-squads/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=CricTracker |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404015617/https://www.crictracker.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-teams-and-squads/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Times of |date=2023-04-02 |title=IPL 2023 Squad of All Teams - 10 Teams Updated List |url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/squad-2023/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404014119/https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/squad-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Franchise
!Head coach<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 March 2023 |title=IPL 2023 Coaches – List of all coaches in IPL |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipl-coach |website=Sportskeeda |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414143031/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipl-coach |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Captain
|-
| [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| [[Stephen Fleming]]
| [[MS Dhoni]]
|-
| [[Delhi Capitals]]
| [[Ricky Ponting]]
| [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
|-
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| [[Ashish Nehra]]
| [[Hardik Pandya]]{{efn|[[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] captained GT for their match vs. KKR when Hardik Pandya was ruled out.}}
|-
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| [[Chandrakant Pandit]]
| [[Nitish Rana]]
|-
| [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| [[Andy Flower]]
| [[KL Rahul]]{{efn|[[Krunal Pandya]] captained LSG after KL Rahul was ruled out due to injury in the match against RCB}}
|-
| [[Mumbai Indians]]
| [[Mark Boucher]]
| [[Rohit Sharma]]{{efn|[[Suryakumar Yadav]] captained MI for their match vs. KKR in which Sharma was added as an Impact Player due to injury.}}
|-
| [[Punjab Kings]]
| [[Trevor Bayliss]]
| [[Shikhar Dhawan]]{{efn|[[Sam Curran]] captained PBKS for two matches in which Dhawan was injured.}}
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
| [[Sanju Samson]]
|-
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| [[Sanjay Bangar]]
| [[Faf du Plessis]]{{efn|[[Virat Kohli]] captained RCB for two matches in which Du Plessis was added as an Impact Player due to injury.}}
|-
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| [[Brian Lara]]
| [[Aiden Markram]]{{efn|[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] captained SRH for their first match as Markram was unavailable.}}
|}

== Personnel changes ==
{{Main|List of 2023 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}

In August 2022, [[Chandrakant Pandit]] replaced [[Brendon McCullum]] as head coach of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]].<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=KKR appoint Chandrakant Pandit as Head Coach |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123481/kkr-appoint-chandrakant-pandit-as-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111090302/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123481/kkr-appoint-chandrakant-pandit-as-head-coach |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |work=Cricbuzz|date=17 August 2022 }}</ref> In September [[Mumbai Indians]] promoted [[Mahela Jayawardene]] to a strategic role in the franchise and recruited [[Mark Boucher]] as head coach for 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title='Boucher unveiled as new Mumbai Indians headcoach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-mumbai-indians-mark-boucher-takes-over-from-mahela-jayawardene-as-head-coach-1334885 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917082458/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-mumbai-indians-mark-boucher-takes-over-from-mahela-jayawardene-as-head-coach-1334885 |archive-date=17 September 2022 |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=espncricinfo}}</ref> In November, [[Tom Moody]] was replaced by [[Brian Lara]] as head coach of [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Wish them well' - Moody after being replaced by Lara as SRH head coach |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123696/wish-them-well-tom-moody-after-being-replaced-by-brian-lara-as-srh-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112133526/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123696/wish-them-well-tom-moody-after-being-replaced-by-brian-lara-as-srh-head-coach |archive-date=12 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |work=cricbuzz|date=3 September 2022 }}</ref> On 16 September 2022 [[Anil Kumble]] was also replaced by [[Trevor Bayliss]] as head coach of [[Punjab Kings]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trevor Bayliss replaces Anil Kumble as Punjab Kings head coach |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/trevor-bayliss-replaces-anil-kumble-punjab-kings-head-coach-8154829/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003040456/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/trevor-bayliss-replaces-anil-kumble-punjab-kings-head-coach-8154829/ |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=2 May 2023 |work=indianexpress|date=16 September 2022 }}</ref>

In November 2022, [[Shikhar Dhawan]] replaced [[Mayank Agarwal]] as the captain of Punjab Kings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhawan replaces Mayank as Punjab Kings captain |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124379/dhawan-replaces-mayank-as-punjab-kings-captain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112155200/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124379/dhawan-replaces-mayank-as-punjab-kings-captain |archive-date=12 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |work=Cricbuzz|date=2 November 2022 }}</ref>

The IPL auction took place on 23 December 2022 in [[Kochi]].<ref name="DNA1312">[https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2023-auction-list-released-273-indian-132-overseas-players-check-full-list-here-3010451 IPL 2023: Auction list RELEASED, 273 Indian, 132 overseas players; check full list here.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223012910/https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2023-auction-list-released-273-indian-132-overseas-players-check-full-list-here-3010451|date=23 December 2022}} DNA India. 13 December 2022.</ref> The most expensive player was [[Sam Curran]], bought by [[Punjab Kings]] for {{INRConvert|18.50|c|lk=on}}, the most paid for a player in the history of the league.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab Kings sign Sam Curran for an IPL record INR 18.50 crores |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124937/ipl-2023-auction-sam-curran-ben-stokes-cameron-green |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223102129/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124937/ipl-2023-auction-sam-curran-ben-stokes-cameron-green |archive-date=23 December 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>

==Venues==
The league stage was played at 12 stadiums in India.

In the playoffs phase, the first qualifier and eliminator matches were played at [[M.A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] and the second qualifier and the final were played at [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Ahmedabad]].

{{location map+ |India |caption=Cities where teams that participated in the 16th season are based.|places=
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.97 |long=72.82 |label=[[Mumbai]] |position=top}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=22.56 |long=88.36 |label=[[Kolkata]] |position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=30.78 |long=76.69 |label=[[Mohali]] |position=right}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=12.96 |long=77.56 |label=[[Bengaluru]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.92 |long=75.82 |label=[[Jaipur]] |position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=28.61 |long=77.23 |label=[[Delhi]] |position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=17.40 |long=78.45 |label=[[Hyderabad]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=13.08 |long=80.27 |label=[[Chennai]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.05 |long=72.35 |label=[[Ahmedabad]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=32.22 |long=76.31 |label=[[Dharmashala]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.84 |long=80.94 |label=[[Lucknow]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.11 |long=91.70 |label=[[Guwahati]] |position=top}}
|default_width=300|float=right}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Team
!Stadium
!Location
!Capacity
|-
|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
|[[Chennai]]
|50,000
|-
|[[Delhi Capitals]]
|[[Arun Jaitley Stadium]]
|[[Delhi]]
|35,200
|-
|[[Gujarat Titans]]
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|132,000
|-
|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[[Eden Gardens]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|68,000
|-
|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|[[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Lucknow]]
|50,000
|-
|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|33,000
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Punjab Kings]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]]
|[[Dharamshala]]
|23,000
|-
|[[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]]
|[[Mohali]]
|27,000
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati|Assam Cricket Association Stadium]]
|[[Guwahati]]
|46,000
|-
|[[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]
|[[Jaipur]]
|30,000
|-
|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|40,000
|-
|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|55,000
|}

==Points table==

{{2023 Indian Premier League Points table}}

== Match summary ==
{{Indian Premier League results summary|mode = progression/summary|dls=Y


| GT | CSK | H | 5W |
| PBKS | KKR | H | 7R | Y
| LSG | DC | H | 50R |
| SRH | RR | A | 72R |
| RCB | MI | H | 8W |
| CSK | LSG | H | 12R |
| DC | GT | A | 6W |
| RR | PBKS | A | 5R |
| KKR | RCB | H | 81R |
| LSG | SRH | H | 5W |

| RR | DC | H | 57R |
| MI | CSK | A | 7W |
| GT | KKR | A | 3W |
| SRH | PBKS | H | 8W |
| RCB | LSG | A | 1W |
| DC | MI | A | 6W |
| CSK | RR | A | 3R |
| PBKS | GT | A | 6W |
| KKR | SRH | A | 23R |
| RCB | DC | H | 23R |

| LSG | PBKS | A | 2W |
| MI | KKR | H | 5W |
| GT | RR | A | 3W |
| RCB | CSK | A | 8R |
| SRH | MI | A | 14R |
| RR | LSG | A | 10R |
| PBKS | RCB | A | 24R |
| DC | KKR | H | 4W |
| CSK | SRH | H | 7W |
| LSG | GT | A | 7R |

| MI | PBKS | A | 13R |
| RCB | RR | H | 7R |
| KKR | CSK | A | 49R |
| SRH | DC | A | 7R |
| GT | MI | H | 55R |
| RCB | KKR | A | 21R |
| RR | CSK | H | 32R |
| PBKS | LSG | A | 56R |
| KKR | GT | A | 7W |
| DC | SRH | A | 9R |

| CSK | PBKS | A | 4W |
| MI | RR | H | 6W |
| LSG | RCB | A | 18R |
| GT | DC | A | 5R |
| LSG | CSK | N | N |
| PBKS | MI | A | 6W |
| SRH | KKR | A | 5R |
| RR | GT | A | 9W |
| CSK | MI | H | 6W |
| DC | RCB | H | 7W |

| GT | LSG | H | 56R |
| RR | SRH | A | 4W |
| KKR | PBKS | H | 5W |
| MI | RCB | H | 6W |
| CSK | DC | H | 27R |
| KKR | RR | A | 9W |
| MI | GT | H | 27R |
| SRH | LSG | A | 7W |
| DC | PBKS | A | 31R |
| RR | RCB | A | 112R |

| CSK | KKR | A | 6W |
| GT | SRH | H | 34R |
| LSG | MI | H | 5R |
| PBKS | DC | A | 15R |
| SRH | RCB | A | 8W |
| PBKS | RR | A | 4W |
| DC | CSK | A | 77R |
| KKR | LSG | A | 1R |
| MI | SRH | H | 8W |
| RCB | GT | A | 6W |

| P1W = CSK | P1L = GT
| P2W = MI | P2L = LSG
| P3W = GT | P3L = MI
| P4W = CSK | P4L = GT
}}

== League stage ==
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]]).}}
The schedule for the group stages was published on 17 February 2023.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 February 2023 |title=BCCI Announces Schedule For TATA IPL 2023 |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3860/bcci-announces-schedule-for-tata-ipl-2023 |website=IPLT20.com. |publisher=Indian Premier League. |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217132838/https://www.iplt20.com/news/3860/bcci-announces-schedule-for-tata-ipl-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 31 March 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]] (H)
| score1 = 178/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 92 (50)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 182/5 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 63 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Rajvardhan Hangargekar]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359475.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rashid Khan]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Tushar Deshpande]] for [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Chennai Super Kings) and [[Sai Sudharsan]] for [[Kane Williamson]] (Gujarat Titans) were the first Impact Players to be used in the IPL.
| round = {{anchor|match1}}'''Match 1'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 191/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bhanuka Rajapaksa]] 50 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Tim Southee]] 2/54 (4 overs)
| score2 = 146/7 (16 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andre Russell]] 35 (19)
| wickets2 = [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] 3/19 (3 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 7 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359476.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = The start of the second innings was delayed for more than 30 minutes due to malfunctioning floodlights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Floodlights failure at Mohali's PCA Stadium delays Punjab Kings vs Kolkata Knight Riders game |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2023-floodlights-failure-at-mohalis-pca-stadium-delays-punjab-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-game-8532498/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402071222/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2023-floodlights-failure-at-mohalis-pca-stadium-delays-punjab-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-game-8532498/ |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=2 April 2023 |website=IE|date=April 2023 }}</ref>
* Kolkata Knight Riders innings curtailed at 16 overs due to rain; DLS par score was 153.
| round = {{anchor|match2}} '''Match 2'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 193/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kyle Mayers]] 73 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 143/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 56 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]] 5/14 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 50 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359477.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match3}} '''Match 3'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 203/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 55 (32)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 2/23 (3 overs)
| score2 = 131/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] 32[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 4/17 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 72 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359478.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Jos Buttler]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match4}} '''Match 4'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 171/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tilak Varma]] 84[[not out|*]] (46)
| wickets1 = [[Karn Sharma]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| score2 = 172/2 (16.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 82[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets2 = [[Arshad Khan (Indian cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] 1/28 (2.2 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359479.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Faf du Plessis]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Arshad Khan (Indian cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] and [[Nehal Wadhera]] (Mumbai Indians) both made their T20 debuts.
| round = {{anchor|match5}} '''Match 5'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 217/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 57 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| score2 = 205/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kyle Mayers]] 53 (22)
| wickets2 = [[Moeen Ali]] 4/26 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 12 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359480.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and Akshay Totre (Ind)
| motm = [[Moeen Ali]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match6}} '''Match 6'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 37 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| score2 = 163/4 (18.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sai Sudharsan]] 62[[not out|*]] (48)
| wickets2 = [[Anrich Nortje]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359481.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sai Sudharsan]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match7}} '''Match 7'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 197/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 86[[not out|*]] (56)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| score2 = 192/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanju Samson]] 42 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Ellis]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 5 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359482.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and Saidharshan Kumar (Ind)
| motm = [[Nathan Ellis]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match8}} '''Match 8'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 204/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 68 (29)
| wickets1 = [[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| score2 = 123 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 23 (12)
| wickets2 = [[Varun Chakaravarthy]] 4/15 (3.4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 81 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359483.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Shardul Thakur]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Suyash Sharma]] (Kolkata Knight Riders) made his T20 debut.
| round = {{anchor|match9}} '''Match 9'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]] (H)
| score1 = 121/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 34 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 127/5 (16 overs)
| runs2 = [[KL Rahul]] 35 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Adil Rashid]] 2/23 (3 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359484.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Krunal Pandya]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match10}} '''Match 10'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 199/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jos Buttler]] 79 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| score2 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 65 (55)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 57 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359485.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati]]
| umpires = Saidharshan Kumar (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match11}} '''Match 11'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 32 (21)
| wickets1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| score2 = 159/3 (18.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 61 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Kumar Kartikeya]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359486.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match12}} '''Match 12'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 204/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Vijay Shankar]] 63[[not out|*]] (24)
| wickets1 = [[Sunil Narine]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| score2 = 207/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 83 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359487.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rashid Khan]] (Gujarat Titans) took a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=10 April 2023 |title=IPL 2023: Rashid hat-trick against KKR marks spinner's return to wicket-taking ways |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/rashid-khan-hattrick-gt-vs-kkr-ipl-2023-stand-in-captain-performance-stats-analysis/article66720710.ece |website=SportStar |date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410135038/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/rashid-khan-hattrick-gt-vs-kkr-ipl-2023-stand-in-captain-performance-stats-analysis/article66720710.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match13}} '''Match 13'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 143/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 99[[not out|*]] (66)
| wickets1 = [[Mayank Markande]] 4/15 (4 overs)
| score2 = 145/2 (17.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 74[[not out|*]] (48)
| wickets2 = [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] 1/20 (3 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359488.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Mohit Rathee]] (Punjab Kings) made his T20 debut.
| round = {{anchor|match14}} '''Match 14'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 212/2 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 79[[not out|*]] (46)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 1/18 (2 overs)
| score2 = 213/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Marcus Stoinis]] 65 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 1 wicket
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359489.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Nicholas Pooran]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match15}} '''Match 15'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 172 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Axar Patel]] 54 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 173/4 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 65 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]] 2/30 (2 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359490.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match16}} '''Match 16'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 175/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jos Buttler]] 52 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| score2 = 172/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devon Conway]] 50 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 3 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359491.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match17}} '''Match 17'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 153/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Matthew Short]] 36 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 154/4 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 67 (49)
| wickets2 = [[Harpreet Brar]] 1/20 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359492.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and Akshay Totre (Ind)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Kagiso Rabada]] (Punjab Kings) became the fastest bowler, in terms of matches, to take 100 wickets in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/rabada-100-wickets-ipl-fastest-record-milestone-pbks-vs-gt-ipl-2023/article66733532.ece | title=Rabada becomes fastest to pick 100 IPL wickets (64) | work=The Hindu | date=13 April 2023 | access-date=13 April 2023 | archive-date=13 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413165428/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/rabada-100-wickets-ipl-fastest-record-milestone-pbks-vs-gt-ipl-2023/article66733532.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match18}} '''Match 18'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 228/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Harry Brook]] 100[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]] 3/22 (2.1 overs)
| score2 = 205/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 75 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Markande]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 23 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359493.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Harry Brook]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Harry Brook]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad) scored his maiden IPL [[Century (cricket)|century]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/2023/04/14/harry-brook-smashes-maiden-ipl-century-against-kolkata-at-eden-gardens/ | title=Harry Brook smashes maiden IPL century against Kolkata at Eden Gardens | work=The National News | date=14 April 2023 | access-date=15 April 2023 | archive-date=15 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415053556/https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/2023/04/14/harry-brook-smashes-maiden-ipl-century-against-kolkata-at-eden-gardens/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match19}} '''Match 19'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 174/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 50 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 2/18 (2 overs)
| score2 = 151/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 50 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 23 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359494.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and Saidharshan Kumar (Ind)
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match20}} '''Match 20'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| score1 = 159/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 74 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Sam Curran]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| score2 = 161/8 (19.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 57 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/18 (2.3 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 2 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359495.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sikandar Raza]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match21}} '''Match 21'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 185/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 104 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Hrithik Shokeen]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| score2 = 186/5 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 58 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Suyash Sharma]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359496.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] (Kolkata Knight Riders) scored his maiden IPL [[century (cricket)|century]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Venkatesh Iyer smashes his maiden IPL century, finishes 15 years of long wait for KKR |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/venkatesh-iyer-smashes-his-maiden-ipl-century-in-kolkata-knight-riders-match-against-mumbai-indians-mi-vs-kkr-2023-04-16-864051 |work=India Tv |date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416114843/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/venkatesh-iyer-smashes-his-maiden-ipl-century-in-kolkata-knight-riders-match-against-mumbai-indians-mi-vs-kkr-2023-04-16-864051 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match22}} '''Match 22'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 177/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] 46 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 179/7 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanju Samson]] 60 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Shami]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359497.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| motm = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match23}} '''Match 23'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 226/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Devon Conway]] 83 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Wanindu Hasaranga]] 1/21 (2 overs)
| score2 = 218/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 76 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Tushar Deshpande]] 3/45 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 8 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359498.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Devon Conway]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match24}} '''Match 24'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 192/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Cameron Green]] 64[[not out|*]] (40)
| wickets1 = [[Marco Jansen]] 2/43 (4 overs)
| score2 = 178 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 48 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Riley Meredith]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 14 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359499.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Cameron Green]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match25}} '''Match 25'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 154/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kyle Mayers]] 51 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| score2 = 144/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 44 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 10 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359500.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Marcus Stoinis]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match26}} '''Match 26'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 174/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 84 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Harpreet Brar]] 2/31 (3 overs)
| score2 = 150 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] 46 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 24 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359501.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Faf du Plessis]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match27}} '''Match 27'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 127 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jason Roy]] 43 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/13 (3 overs)
| score2 = 128/6 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 57 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359502.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ishant Sharma]] (Delhi Capitals)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match28}} '''Match 28'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 134/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 34 (26)
| wickets1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 138/3 (18.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devon Conway]] 77[[not out|*]] (57)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Markande]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359503.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match29}} '''Match 29'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]] (H)
| score1 = 135/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 66 (50)
| wickets1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| score2 = 128/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[KL Rahul]] 68 (61)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 2/17 (3 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 7 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359504.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = Akshay Totre (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Mohit Sharma]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match30}} '''Match 30'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 214/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sam Curran]] 55 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 2/15 (3 overs)
| score2 = 201/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cameron Green]] 67 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] 4/29 (4 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 13 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359505.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sam Curran]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match31}} '''Match 31'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 189/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 77 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Trent Boult]] 2/41 (4 overs)
| score2 = 182/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 52 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Harshal Patel]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 7 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359506.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and Saidharshan Kumar (Ind)
| motm = [[Glenn Maxwell]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match32}} '''Match 32'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 235/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 71[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets1 = [[Kulwant Khejroliya]] 2/44 (3 overs)
| score2 = 186/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jason Roy]] 61 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Maheesh Theekshana]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 49 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359507.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match33}} '''Match 33'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 144/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 34 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Washington Sundar]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| score2 = 137/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 49 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 7 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359508.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Axar Patel]] (Delhi Capitals)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match34}} '''Match 34'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 207/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 56 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| score2 = 152/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nehal Wadhera]] 40 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Noor Ahmad]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 55 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359509.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Abhinav Manohar]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match35}} '''Match 35'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 200/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jason Roy]] 56 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Wanindu Hasaranga]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 179/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 54 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 21 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359510.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match36}} '''Match 36'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 202/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 77 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Tushar Deshpande]] 2/42 (4 overs)
| score2 = 170/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 52 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Adam Zampa]] 3/22 (3 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 32 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359511.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and Akshay Totre (Ind)
| motm = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match37}} '''Match 37'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 28 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 257/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Marcus Stoinis]] 72 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 2/52 (4 overs)
| score2 = 201 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Atharva Taide]] 66 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Yash Thakur]] 4/37 (3.5 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 56 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359512.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Marcus Stoinis]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Gurnoor Brar]] (Punjab Kings) made his T20 debut.
| round = {{anchor|match38}} '''Match 38'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 179/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]] 81 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| score2 = 180/3 (17.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Vijay Shankar]] 51[[not out|*]] (24)
| wickets2 = [[Sunil Narine]] 1/24 (3 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359513.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Josh Little]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match39}} '''Match 39'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 197/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 67 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 4/27 (4 overs)
| score2 = 188/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 63 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Markande]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359514.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mitchell Marsh]] (Delhi Capitals)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match40}} '''Match 40'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 30 April 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| score1 = 200/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Devon Conway]] 92[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets1 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 1/31 (3 overs)
| score2 = 201/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] 42 (24)
| wickets2 = [[Tushar Deshpande]] 3/49 (4 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359515.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Devon Conway]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match41}} '''Match 41'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 30 April 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 212/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 124 (62)
| wickets1 = [[Arshad Khan (Indian cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] 3/39 (3 overs)
| score2 = 214/4 (19.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 55 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359516.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals) scored his maiden IPL [[century (cricket)|century]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yashasvi Jaiswal smashes maiden IPL hundred in MI vs RR match |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/yashasvi-jaiswal-hundred-ipl-2023-mi-vs-rr-mumbai-indians-rajasthan-royals-youngest-players-to-score-century/article66797667.ece |work=Sportstar |date=30 April 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430155816/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/yashasvi-jaiswal-hundred-ipl-2023-mi-vs-rr-mumbai-indians-rajasthan-royals-youngest-players-to-score-century/article66797667.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match42}} '''Match 42'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]] (H)
| score1 = 126/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 44 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Naveen-ul-Haq]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 108 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 23 (13)
| wickets2 = [[Josh Hazlewood]] 2/15 (3 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 18 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359517.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Faf du Plessis]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match43}} '''Match 43'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]] (H)
| score1 = 130/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aman Hakim Khan]] 51 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 4/11 (4 overs)
| score2 = 125/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 59[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 5 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359518.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mohammed Shami]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match44}} '''Match 44'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 125/7 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ayush Badoni]] 59[[not out|*]] (33)
| wickets1 = [[Moeen Ali]] 2/13 (4 overs)
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = No result
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359519.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = No further play was possible due to rain.
| notes = The match was shifted from 4 May to 3 May due to the Lucknow Municipal Corporation elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Change in fixture – Match 46: LSG vs CSK |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3903/change-in-fixture-match-46-lsg-vs-csk |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[Indian Premier League|IPLT20]] |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418065913/https://www.iplt20.com/news/3903/change-in-fixture-match-46-lsg-vs-csk |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match45}} '''Match 45'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 214/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Liam Livingstone]] 82[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| score2 = 216/4 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 75 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Ellis]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359520.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ishan Kishan]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match46}} '''Match 46'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 171/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] 46 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Marco Jansen]] 2/24 (3 overs)
| score2 = 166/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aiden Markram]] 41 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 2/23 (3 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 5 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359521.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match47}} '''Match 47'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 118 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 30 (20)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/14 (4 overs)
| score2 = 119/1 (13.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 41[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 1/22 (3.5 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359522.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rashid Khan]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match48}} '''Match 48'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 139/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nehal Wadhera]] 64 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Matheesha Pathirana]] 3/15 (4 overs)
| score2 = 140/4 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devon Conway]] 44 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359523.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Matheesha Pathirana]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Raghav Goyal]] (Mumbai Indians) made his T20 debut.
| round = {{anchor|match49}} '''Match 49'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 181/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 55 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 2/21 (3 overs)
| score2 = 187/3 (16.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Phil Salt]] 87 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Josh Hazlewood]] 1/29 (3 overs)
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359524.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Phil Salt]] (Delhi Capitals)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match50}} '''Match 50'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 227/2 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 94[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets1 = [[Avesh Khan]] 1/34 (4 overs)
| score2 = 171/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 70 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 4/29 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 56 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359525.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Lucknow Super Giants won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match51}} '''Match 51'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 214/2 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jos Buttler]] 95 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Marco Jansen]] 1/44 (4 overs) [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/44 (4 overs)
| score2 = 217/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 55 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 4/29 (4 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359526.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match52}} '''Match 52'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 179/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 57 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 182/5 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 51 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Chahar]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359527.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and Akshay Totre (Ind)
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match53}} '''Match 53'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 199/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 68 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Behrendorff]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| score2 = 200/4 (16.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 83 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 2/37 (3 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359528.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match54}} '''Match 54'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 167/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 25 (12)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 3/18 (3 overs)
| score2 = 140/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rilee Rossouw]] 35 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Matheesha Pathirana]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 27 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359529.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match55}} '''Match 55'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 149/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 57 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 4/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 151/1 (13.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 98[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 =
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359530.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = Saidharshan Kumar (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Rajasthan Royals) scored the fastest fifty in IPL history (13 balls).<ref>{{cite news |access-date=11 May 2023 |title=Yashasvi Jaiswal smashes fastest fifty in IPL history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/yashasvi-jaiswal-smashes-fastest-fifty-in-ipl-history/articleshow/100167962.cms |website=Times of India |date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511184523/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/yashasvi-jaiswal-smashes-fastest-fifty-in-ipl-history/articleshow/100167962.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |access-date=11 May 2023 |title=Fastest Fifty in IPL History: Yashasvi Jaiswal Breaks KL Rahul's Record of Fastest Half-century |url=https://www.probatsman.com/cricket-news/fastest-fifty-in-ipl-history-yashasvi-jaiswal-breaks-kl-rahuls-record-of-fastest-half-century |website=ProBatsman |date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217090320/https://www.probatsman.com/cricket-news/fastest-fifty-in-ipl-history-yashasvi-jaiswal-breaks-kl-rahuls-record-of-fastest-half-century |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match56}} '''Match 56'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 218/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 103[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 191/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rashid Khan]] 79[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Akash Madhwal]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 27 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359531.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =[[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Mumbai Indians) scored his maiden IPL century.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=Suryakumar's first IPL ton, Mumbai scoring 200s for fun |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mi-vs-gt-suryakumars-first-ipl-ton-mumbai-scoring-200s-for-fun-1375186 |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=ESPN |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515010023/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mi-vs-gt-suryakumars-first-ipl-ton-mumbai-scoring-200s-for-fun-1375186 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match57}} '''Match 57'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 182/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Heinrich Klaasen]] 47 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 185/3 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 64[[not out|*]] (45)
| wickets2 = [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]] 1/10 (2 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359532.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and Akshay Totre (Ind)
| motm = [[Prerak Mankad]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match58}} '''Match 58'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 167/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] 103 (65)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/27 (3 overs)
| score2 = 136/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 54 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Harpreet Brar]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| result = Punjab Kings won by 31 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359533.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] (Punjab Kings)
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Delhi Capitals were eliminated as a result of this match.
* [[Prabhsimran Singh]] (Punjab Kings) scored his first IPL century.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 May 2023|title=Prabhsimran, Brar knock Delhi Capitals out of IPL 2023|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/delhi-capitals-vs-punjab-kings-59th-match-1359533/match-report|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=13 May 2023|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513180500/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/delhi-capitals-vs-punjab-kings-59th-match-1359533/match-report|url-status=live}}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match59}} '''Match 59'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 171/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 55 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Adam Zampa]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 59 (10.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] 35 (19)
| wickets2 = [[Wayne Parnell]] 3/10 (3 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 112 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359534.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Wayne Parnell]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match60}} '''Match 60'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 144/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shivam Dubey]] 48[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = [[Sunil Narine]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| score2 = 147/4 (18.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 57[[not out|*]] (44)
| wickets2 = [[Deepak Chahar]] 3/27 (3 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359535.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind) and Vinod Seshan (Ind)
| motm = [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match61}} '''Match 61'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 188/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 101 (58)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 5/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 154/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Heinrich Klaasen]] 64 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 34 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359536.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =Gujarat Titans qualified for the playoffs and Sunrisers Hyderabad were eliminated as a result of this match<ref>{{cite web |access-date=16 May 2023 |title=Gill and Shami seal top-two finish for Titans |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-62nd-match-1359536/match-report |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212103/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-62nd-match-1359536/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Shubman Gill]] scored his maiden IPL century.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=16 May 2023|title=Stats - Gill beats Tendulkar's record to a six-less IPL fifty|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gt-vs-srh-stats-shubman-gill-beats-sachin-tendulkar-s-record-to-a-six-less-ipl-fifty-1376016|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515221849/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gt-vs-srh-stats-shubman-gill-beats-sachin-tendulkar-s-record-to-a-six-less-ipl-fifty-1376016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match62}} '''Match 62'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 177/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Marcus Stoinis]] 89[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Behrendorff]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 172/5 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 59 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 5 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359537.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Marcus Stoinis]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match63}} '''Match 63'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]] (H)
| score1 = 213/2 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rilee Rossouw]] 82[[not out|*]] (37)
| wickets1 = [[Sam Curran]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| score2 = 198/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Liam Livingstone]] 94 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Anrich Nortje]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 15 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359538.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[HPCA Stadium]], [[Dharamshala]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and Saidharshan Kumar (Ind)
| motm = [[Rilee Rossouw]] (Delhi Capitals)
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match64}} '''Match 64'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 186/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Heinrich Klaasen]] 104 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]] 2/13 (2 overs)
| score2 = 187/2 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 100 (63)
| wickets2 = [[T. Natarajan]] 1/34 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359539.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Heinrich Klaasen]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad) scored his maiden IPL century.<ref>{{cite news |access-date=18 May 2023 |title=Heinrich Klaasen slams maiden IPL ton, fires SRH to 186/5 against RCB |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/heinrich-klaasen-slams-maiden-ipl-ton-fires-srh-to-186/5-against-rcb/articleshow/100336425.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16844325455722&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com |website=Times of India |date=18 May 2023 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518175802/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/heinrich-klaasen-slams-maiden-ipl-ton-fires-srh-to-186/5-against-rcb/articleshow/100336425.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16844325455722&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match65}} '''Match 65'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 187/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sam Curran]] 49[[not out|*]] (31)
| wickets1 = [[Navdeep Saini]] 3/40 (4 overs)
| score2 = 189/6 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 51 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 2/40 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359540.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[HPCA Stadium]], [[Dharamshala]]
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Punjab Kings were eliminated as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match66}} '''Match 66'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 223/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Devon Conway]] 87 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 1/36 (4 overs)
| score2 = 146/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 86 (58)
| wickets2 = [[Deepak Chahar]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 77 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359541.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Devon Conway]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Chennai Super Kings qualified for the playoffs as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match67}} '''Match 67'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 176/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nicholas Pooran]] 58 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 2/27 (2 overs)
| score2 = 175/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] 67[[not out|*]] (33)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 1 run
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359542.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Nicholas Pooran]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Lucknow Super Giants qualified for the playoffs and Kolkata Knight Riders were eliminated as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match68}} '''Match 68'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 May 2023
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 200/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 83 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Akash Madhwal]] 4/37 (4 overs)
| score2 = 201/2 (18 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cameron Green]] 100[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/26 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359543.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Cameron Green]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Cameron Green]] (Mumbai Indians) scored his maiden IPL century.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 May 2023 |title=Cameron Green scores maiden IPL hundred in debut season |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/cameron-green-100-century-ipl-maiden-hundred-mi-vs-srh-mumbai-indians/article66877822.ece |website=SportStar |date=21 May 2023 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521142355/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/cameron-green-100-century-ipl-maiden-hundred-mi-vs-srh-mumbai-indians/article66877822.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Rajasthan Royals were eliminated as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match69}} '''Match 69'''
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 197/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 101[[not out|*]] (61)
| wickets1 = [[Noor Ahmad]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| score2 = 198/4 (19.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 104[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1359544.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Himanshu Sharma (cricketer)|Himanshu Sharma]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore) made his T20 debut.
* Mumbai Indians qualified for the playoffs and Royal Challengers Bangalore were eliminated as a result of this match.
| round = {{anchor|match70}} '''Match 70'''
}}

== Playoffs ==

The full schedule for the playoffs was announced on 21 April 2023.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 April 2023 |title=BCCI announces schedule and venue details for TATA IPL 2023 Playoffs and Final |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3911/bcci-announces-schedule-and-venue-details-for-tata-ipl-2023-playoffs-and-final |website=iplt20.com |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421135929/https://www.iplt20.com/news/3911/bcci-announces-schedule-and-venue-details-for-tata-ipl-2023-playoffs-and-final |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{4TeamBracket-PagePlayoff
| team-width=150px
| score-width=150px

| RD1 = '''[[#match71|Qualifier 1]] / [[#match72|Eliminator]]'''
| RD1-text1 = 23 May 2023 - [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]]
| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| RD1-score1 = 157 (20 overs)
| RD1-seed2 = '''2'''
| RD1-team2 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD1-score2 = '''172/7 (20 overs)'''
| P1Winner = Chennai
| P1Margin = 15 runs
| P1Matchno = 71

| RD1-text2 = 24 May 2023 - [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]]
| RD1-seed3 = 3
| RD1-team3 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| RD1-score3 = 101 (16.3 overs)
| RD1-seed4 = '''4'''
| RD1-team4 = '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''
| RD1-score4 = '''182/8 (20 overs)'''
| P2Winner = Mumbai
| P2Margin = 81 runs
| P2Matchno= 72

| RD2 = '''[[#match73|Qualifier 2]]'''
| RD2-text1 = 26 May 2023 - [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Ahmedabad]]
| RD2-seed1 = '''Q1L'''
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Gujarat Titans]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''233/3 (20 overs)'''
| RD2-seed2 = EW
| RD2-team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| RD2-score2 = 171 (18.2 overs)
| P3Winner = Gujarat
| P3Margin = 62 runs
| P3Matchno= 73

| RD3 = '''[[#match74|Final]]'''
| RD3-text1 = 29 May 2023 - [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Ahmedabad]]
| RD3-seed1 = Q1W
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''171/5 (15 overs)'''
| RD3-seed2 = Q2W
| RD3-team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| RD3-score2 = 214/4 (20 overs)
| FinalWinner = Chennai
| FinalMargin = 5 wickets ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS]] method)
| FinalMatchno= 74
}}

=== Qualifier 1 ===
<section begin="match71" />{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 172/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 60 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| score2 = 157 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 42 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 15 runs
| report =
[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1370350.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| motm = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Chennai Super Kings qualified for the final for the 10th time in IPL history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=CSK squeeze the Titans to enter their tenth IPL final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/chennai-super-kings-vs-gujarat-titans-qualifier-1-1370350/match-report |access-date=2023-05-24 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524044429/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/chennai-super-kings-vs-gujarat-titans-qualifier-1-1370350/match-report |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match71}}
}}<section end="match71" />
----

=== Eliminator ===
<section begin="match72" />{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| score1 = 182/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Cameron Green]] 41 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Naveen-ul-Haq]] 4/38 (4 overs)
| score2 = 101 (16.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Marcus Stoinis]] 40 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Akash Madhwal]] 5/5 (3.3 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 81 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1370351.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Akash Madhwal]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match72}}
}}<section end="match72" />
----

=== Qualifier 2 ===
<section begin="match73" />{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 233/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 129 (60)
| wickets1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 1/45 (3 overs)
| score2 = 171 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 61 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 5/10 (2.2 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 62 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1370352.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shubman Gill]] (Gujarat Titans) made the highest individual score of 129 runs from 60 balls in IPL Playoffs.
* Gujarat Titans's total was the highest score in IPL Playoffs.
| round = {{anchor|match73}}
}}<section end="match73" />
----

=== Final ===
{{main|2023 Indian Premier League final}}

<section begin="match74" />{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 May 2023
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 214/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sai Sudharsan]] 96 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Matheesha Pathirana]] 2/44 (4 overs)
| score2 = 171/5 (15 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devon Conway]] 47 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 3/36 (3 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 5 wickets ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS]] method)
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1370353.html Scorecard]
| venue =
[[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
, [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Devon Conway]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = The match was originally scheduled to be held on 28 May 2023, but it was not held due to rain and was instead played on the reserve day on 29 May 2023 and ended on 30 May 2023 at 01:35 IST, thus, becoming the longest ever IPL final.{{efn | It was the first IPL in history which had a reserved day and the game was held on it.}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 May 2023 |title=CSK vs GT IPL 2023 final moved to reserve day; title winner to be decided on Monday |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-vs-gt-ipl-2023-final-moved-reserve-day-rain-no-play-possible-chennai-super-kings-gujarat-titans-ahmedabad/article66905080.ece |website=SportStar |date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529101132/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-vs-gt-ipl-2023-final-moved-reserve-day-rain-no-play-possible-chennai-super-kings-gujarat-titans-ahmedabad/article66905080.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-30 |title='Longest Ever IPL Final' Fans React As Rain 'Stretches' CSK vs GT IPL 2023 Final to 'Three Days' |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/longest-ever-ipl-final-fans-react-as-rain-stretches-csk-vs-gt-ipl-2023-final-to-three-days-5163383.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=LatestLY |language=en |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529193152/https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/longest-ever-ipl-final-fans-react-as-rain-stretches-csk-vs-gt-ipl-2023-final-to-three-days-5163383.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Chennai Super Kings were set a revised target of 171 runs from 15 overs due to rain.
| notes = By winning in the final, Chennai Super Kings equalled Mumbai Indians for winning the most IPL trophies (5).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stats - Dhoni equals Rohit, CSK level with Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-final-stats-ms-dhoni-equals-rohit-sharma-and-csk-level-with-mumbai-indians-1379035 |access-date=2023-05-30 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530115702/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-final-stats-ms-dhoni-equals-rohit-sharma-and-csk-level-with-mumbai-indians-1379035 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai Super Kings Crowned IPL 2023 Champions, MS Dhoni Joins Mumbai Indians in Trophy Count |url=https://www.probatsman.com/cricket-news/chennai-super-kings-csk-crowned-ipl-2023-champions-ms-dhoni-joins-mumbai-indians-mi-in-trophy-count |access-date=2023-05-30 |work=ProBatsman |date=30 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217041456/https://www.probatsman.com/cricket-news/chennai-super-kings-csk-crowned-ipl-2023-champions-ms-dhoni-joins-mumbai-indians-mi-in-trophy-count |url-status=live }}</ref>
| round = {{anchor|match74}}
}}<section end="match74" />

==Broadcasting==
{{Further information|IPL#Broadcasting}}
In June 2022, the broadcasting rights for the league between 2023 and 2027 were sold for {{INRConvert|48390|c|lk=on}}, establishing the league as the second most expensive tournament in the world after the [[National Football League]], overtaking the [[English Premier League]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=It's a big deal The IPL 2023-2027 Indian subcontinent Tv and digital rights sold for 5 Billion Dollars|work=ESPN|access-date=11 November 2022|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-27-india-subcontinent-tv-and-digital-rights-sold-for-us-5-1-billion-1319721|archive-date=11 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111152203/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-27-india-subcontinent-tv-and-digital-rights-sold-for-us-5-1-billion-1319721|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] renewed its television contract, and [[Viacom18]] acquired the digital rights within India; matches were streamed for free on [[JioCinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Media Rights: BCCI hits a six while Viacom18 and Star India scramble for the ball |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ipl-media-rights-bcci-hits-a-six-while-viacom18-and-star-india-scramble-for-the-ball/2566141/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Financialexpress |date=20 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103092653/https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ipl-media-rights-bcci-hits-a-six-while-viacom18-and-star-india-scramble-for-the-ball/2566141/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latestly.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-live-streaming-viacom18-to-merge-jiocinema-and-voot-for-indian-premier-league-online-viewing-option-4755445.html |title=IPL 2023 Live Streaming: Viacom18 To Merge JioCinema and Voot for Indian Premier League Online Viewing Option |date=25 January 2022 |work=Latestly |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125073615/https://www.latestly.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-live-streaming-viacom18-to-merge-jiocinema-and-voot-for-indian-premier-league-online-viewing-option-4755445.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The final peaked at over 32 million viewers on JioCinema, overtaking a match from the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] as the most concurrent viewers on a live streaming event worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=29 May 2023 |title=Reliance's JioCinema breaks world record with free cricket streaming |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/29/jiocinema-concurrent-global-record/ |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529223637/https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/29/jiocinema-concurrent-global-record/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2019 |title=Hotstar sets global streaming record during India-New Zealand semi-final |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/hotstar-global-streaming-record-india-new-zealand-semi-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183201/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/hotstar-global-streaming-record-india-new-zealand-semi-final |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=SportsPro Media}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

!Country
!Television channel
!Internet streaming applications
!Ref
|-
|[[Afghanistan]]
|[[Ariana Television Network]]
| -
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|[[Australia]]
|[[Fox Sports]]
|[[Kayo Sports]], [[Foxtel]]{{Efn|Kayo Sports and Fox tell offers [[video on demand]] service.}} and Fox Now<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=How to watch IPL 2023 in Australia... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/live-streaming-full-schedule-how-to-watch-ipl-2023-live-action-in-australia/articleshow/99093952.cms |url-status=live |website=[[Times of India]] |date=April 2023 |access-date=1 April 2023 |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402174629/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=timesofindia.indiatimes.com }}</ref>
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Bangladesh]]
|[[T Sports]], [[Gazi TV]]
|[[T Sports]] App
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023 Live Telecast Channel List: Where to Watch IPL Streaming? |url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/2023-live-telecast-channel-list/amp/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Times of Sports |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[Caribbean]]
|[[Rush TV]], Flow Sports 2 <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Where and when to watch IPL 2023... |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-live-streaming-when-and-where-to-watch-t20-league-tv-and-online-in-india-usa-pakistan-uk-australia-canada-bangladesh-new-zealand-article-99123791 |url-status=live |website=Times Now |date=31 March 2023 |access-date=2 April 2023 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331092440/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-live-streaming-when-and-where-to-watch-t20-league-tv-and-online-in-india-usa-pakistan-uk-australia-canada-bangladesh-new-zealand-article-99123791 }}</ref>
|[[Enet]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Times of |date=2023-03-28 |title=IPL 2023 Live Telecast Channel in Guyana |url=https://newsroom.gy/2023/03/28/enet-to-broadcast-ipl-2023-on-rush-from-friday/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329110001/https://newsroom.gy/2023/03/28/enet-to-broadcast-ipl-2023-on-rush-from-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[India]]
|[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]]
|[[JioCinema]]
|{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
|-
|[[Nepal]]
|[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]]
|
|{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
|-
|[[New Zealand]]
|[[Sky Sport (New Zealand)|Sky Sport]]
|
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|[[Pakistan]]
| -
|tapmad tv, [[YuppTV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tapmad.com/ |title=Live Cricket - Watch Live Sports, EPL, IPL 2023 Online Ad-Free - tapmad |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405054028/https://www.tapmad.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[South Africa]] & [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharian Africa]]
|[[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|Super Sport]]
| -
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/cricket/ipl-back-on-as-supersport-secure-broadcast-deal/ |title=IPL back on as SuperSport secure broadcast deal |date=31 March 2023 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331133950/https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/cricket/ipl-back-on-as-supersport-secure-broadcast-deal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sri Lanka]]
|[[Supreme TV]], [[Dialog TV]], Peo TV
|[[Dialog TV]], Peo TV
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=CricketZine |title=IPL 2023 Live Streaming & TV Channels, Indian Premier League 2023 - CricketZine |url=https://www.cricketzine.com/ipl-2023-live-streaming-tv-channels/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.cricketzine.com |language=en-US |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404014116/https://www.cricketzine.com/ipl-2023-live-streaming-tv-channels/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2023}}
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]
|[[DAZN]], [[Sky Sports Cricket]], [[Sky Sports Main Event]]
| -
|<ref name="X">{{Cite web |url=https://wisden.com/stories/ipl-2023-where-to-watch-live-in-usa-tv-channels-live-telecast-usa-match-timings-for-ipl |title=IPL 2023, Where to Watch Live in USA: TV Channels, Live Telecast and USA Match Timings for IPL |date=16 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320070110/https://wisden.com/stories/ipl-2023-where-to-watch-live-in-usa-tv-channels-live-telecast-usa-match-timings-for-ipl |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[United States]] & [[Canada]]
|[[Willow (TV channel)|Willow TV]]
| willow.tv
|<ref name="X" />
|}

== Issues ==
=== Slow over- rate ===
In this IPL season, matches took longer time to finish due to teams bowling at a ''slow over-rate''. According to the IPL rules, an innings should be completed in 90 minutes, including two 5-minute strategic timeouts, and a complete match should be finished in stipulated 3 hours and 20 minutes. However, as of 5 April 2023, not a single innings had ended in the above-mentioned time frame. Despite penalizing team captains, the over rates have seen little improvement.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Explained: How the IPL slow-over-rate penalties work|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/explained-how-the-ipl-slow-over-rate-penalties-work/articleshow/99755239.cms|access-date=26 April 2023|website=[[The Times Of India]]|date=25 April 2023|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521104428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/explained-how-the-ipl-slow-over-rate-penalties-work/articleshow/99755239.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2023: DC captain David Warner fined for maintaining slow over-rate in match against SRH|url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/273784349/ipl-2023-dc-captain-david-warner-fined-for-maintaining-slow-over-rate-in-match-against-srh|access-date=26 April 2023|website=www.bignewsnetwork.com|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426083738/https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/273784349/ipl-2023-dc-captain-david-warner-fined-for-maintaining-slow-over-rate-in-match-against-srh|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2023: RCB stand-in skipper Virat Kohli fined Rs 24 lakh in a match against RR, here's why|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2023-rcb-stand-in-skipper-virat-kohli-fined-rs-24-lakh-in-match-against-rr-for-slow-over-rate-rcb-vs-rr-3038445|access-date=26 April 2023|website=DNA India|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425223657/https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2023-rcb-stand-in-skipper-virat-kohli-fined-rs-24-lakh-in-match-against-rr-for-slow-over-rate-rcb-vs-rr-3038445|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2023: Suryakumar fined for MI's slow over-rate; Nitish Rana fined 25 pc of his match fee for Code of Conduct breach|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/sports-games/2419186-ipl-2023-suryakumar-fined-for-mis-slow-over-rate-nitish-rana-fined-25-pc-of-his-match-fee-for-code-of-conduct-breach|access-date=27 April 2023|website=www.devdiscourse.com|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427091915/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/sports-games/2419186-ipl-2023-suryakumar-fined-for-mis-slow-over-rate-nitish-rana-fined-25-pc-of-his-match-fee-for-code-of-conduct-breach|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2023: Sanju Samson fined Rs 12 lakh for slow over-rate|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/sports/ipl-2023-sanju-samson-fined-rs-12-lakh-for-slow-over-rate-10405881.html|access-date=27 April 2023|website=Money Control|date=13 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045748/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/sports/ipl-2023-sanju-samson-fined-rs-12-lakh-for-slow-over-rate-10405881.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

English cricketer [[Jos Buttler]] appealed on [[Twitter]] that the IPL matches should be sped up. Due to the ''slow over-rates'' of the various teams, this season's matches finished after 11:30 pm ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]). IPL evening matches are scheduled to start at 7:30 pm and, therefore, should be concluded by 10:50 pm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time for the IPL to start keeping time better |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-time-for-the-ipl-to-start-keeping-time-better-1367068 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405163505/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-time-for-the-ipl-to-start-keeping-time-better-1367068 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=5 April 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== Impact player rule ===
The 2023 season saw the introduction of the impact player rule which allowed for each team to provide a list of 5 players along with the list of their playing 11. Of these 5 designated players, any impact player could then be bought on to feature in the match.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-impact-player-explained-what-is-the-new-rule-when-can-it-be-used-and-how-will-it-affect-the-season-101680169615194.html | title=IPL 2023 Impact Player explained: What is the new rule, when can it be used and how will it affect the season | date=30 March 2023 | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=15 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515083309/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2023-impact-player-explained-what-is-the-new-rule-when-can-it-be-used-and-how-will-it-affect-the-season-101680169615194.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

Many cricket pundits criticised the new ''impact player'' rule because of the thought that this rule negates the role and involvement of all-rounders in the game.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Impact Player rule negates the role of all-rounders, bits and pieces players: Ricky Ponting |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/impact-player-rule-negates-the-role-of-all-rounders-bits-and-pieces-players-ricky-ponting-8516863/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527150540/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/impact-player-rule-negates-the-role-of-all-rounders-bits-and-pieces-players-ricky-ponting-8516863/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The negatives of IPL Impact Player rule far outweigh the positives |url=https://www.dailyo.in/ground/the-negatives-of-ipl-impact-player-rule-far-outweigh-the-positives-39429 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527150547/https://www.dailyo.in/ground/the-negatives-of-ipl-impact-player-rule-far-outweigh-the-positives-39429 |archive-date=27 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.dailyo.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Statistics and awards==

=== Most runs ===
{{see also|Orange Cap}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Player !! Team !! Innings !! Runs !! High score
|-
|- style="background:#FFAB0F"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Shubman Gill]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 17 || '''890''' || 129
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Faf du Plessis]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 14 || '''730''' || 84
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Devon Conway]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 15 || '''672''' || 92[[not out|*]]
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Virat Kohli]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 14 || '''639''' || 101[[not out|*]]
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 14 || '''625''' || 124
|}
* {{Color box|#FFAB0F|border=darkgray}} Orange Cap
*Source: [https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2023/mostRuns?stats_type=&team= IPLT20.com]

===Most wickets===
{{see also|Purple Cap}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Player !! Team !! Matches !! Wickets !! Best bowling
|- style="background:#D6ADFF"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Mohammed Shami]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 17 || '''28''' || 4/11
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Mohit Sharma]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 14 || rowspan=2|'''27''' || 5/10
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Rashid Khan]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 17 || 4/30
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Piyush Chawla]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Mumbai Indians]] || 16 || '''22''' || 3/22
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
|style="text-align:left"| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 14 || '''22''' || 4/17
|}
* {{Color box|#D6ADFF|border=darkgray}} Purple Cap
*Source: [https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2023/mostWkts?stats_type=bowling&team= IPLT20.com]

===End of season awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player
! Team
! Award
! Prize
|-
|
| [[Delhi Capitals]]
| Team fairplay award
|
|-
| [[Mohammed Shami]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Purple cap (most wickets)
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}}
|-
| [[Rashid Khan]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Catch of the season
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Shubman Gill]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Gamechanger of the season
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Shubman Gill]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Most fours
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Shubman Gill]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Player of the season
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Shubman Gill]]
| [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Orange cap (most runs)
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}}
|-
| [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
| [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| Emerging player of the season
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}}
|-
| [[Virat Kohli]]
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| Most sixes
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Faf du Plessis]]
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| Longest six
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}} and trophy
|-
| [[Glenn Maxwell]]
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| Super striker
| {{INR convert|10|l|lk=on}}, trophy and a car
|}
*Source: Sportstar<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 May 2023 |title=IPL 2023 Final CSK vs GT Presentation Ceremony: Full winners list; Conway Player of the Final; Gill gets Orange Cap, MVP; Shami Purple Cap |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-final-2023-full-list-of-award-winners-presentation-orange-purple-cap-mvp-sixes-fours-catch-emerging-player-fairplay/article66904093.ece |website=SportStar |date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529222529/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-final-2023-full-list-of-award-winners-presentation-orange-purple-cap-mvp-sixes-fours-catch-emerging-player-fairplay/article66904093.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Cricket}}
* {{Official website|https://www.iplt20.com/}}
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038 IPL 16 on ESPNcricinfo]

{{2023 Indian Premier League}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Premier League, 2023}}
[[Category:2023 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2022–23]]

Jil Jung Juk

2026-03-28T15:03:12Z

HungHanks23355: refine layout additionally

{{Short description|2016 Indian film by Deeraj Vaidy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Jil Jung Juk.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Deeraj Vaidy
| writer = Deeraj Vaidy Mohan Ramakrishnan
| producer = [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]
| starring = Siddharth Avinash Raghudevan [[Sananth]]
| cinematography = Shreyaas Krishna
| editing = Kurtz Schneider
| music = [[Vishal Chandrashekhar]]
| studio = [[Etaki Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|02|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Jil Jung Juk''''' ({{translation|The Good, The Average, The Unworthy}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[neo-Western]] [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] [[black comedy film]] directed by Deeraj Vaidy as his debut film. The film was produced by [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] under [[Etaki Entertainment]]; Siddharth also acts in the film, along with Avinash Raghudevan and [[Sananth]]. The film follows three characters – Jil, Jung, and Juk – who are assigned by a drug lord to transport drugs. They face struggles during their journey.

Deeraj Vaidy initially produced a pilot film with two of the lead actors in 2014. Impressed by the draft, Siddharth asked Vaidy to write a full script; the draft was completed in January 2015. [[Principal photography]] was completed in 38 days. The film was shot in [[Tiruvallur]], [[Chennai]], and [[Kanchipuram]]. The film was officially announced in September 2015; a four-month [[post-production]] process began the same month. [[Vishal Chandrashekhar]] composed [[Jil Jung Juk (soundtrack)|the music]], Shreyaas Krishna handled the cinematography, and editing was done by Kurtz Schneider.

''Jil Jung Juk'' was theatrically released worldwide on 12 February 2016, and it received mixed reviews. Critics praised its offbeat elements, concept, cast performances, technical aspects, and the use of [[color scheme|colour palettes]], but criticised for its pace and screenwriting. The film performed average performance at the box office.

== Plot ==
In post-apocalyptic [[Chennai]], 2020, amidst huge demand for petrol and money, Deivanayagam, an erstwhile powerful gangster, gets a chance to smuggle [[cocaine]] to defeat his nemesis, Rolex Rowther. Deivanayagam hires three men: Nanjil Shivaji (Jil), Jambulingam (Jung) and [[Jaguar]] Jagan (Juk), to safely deliver the cocaine to a Chinese gang in [[Hyderabad]]. With the help of scientist Marundhu, Deivanayagam sells the drugs by coating them in [[Hindustan Ambassador|Ambassador car]] painted [[pink]] so that it would not be detected by the police. Along the way, the trio encounter Narasimhan, who has an almost identical car.

Narasimhan eventually befriends the trio and takes them into a pub. After a drink at night, the trio escapes the pub without his knowledge but later realise that they have taken Narasimhan's car in their drunken state. Narasimhan had been assigned by Deivanayagam's assistants, Pai and Marundhu, to steal the car and sell it to a gangster called Attack Albert. Confused, the trio went to a film shooting spot where they see a car being used in an action sequence, left damaged after the shoot. It was later revealed that the car was thought to be the Ambassador car that Deivanayagam was assigned to deliver.

Shocked and dismayed, the trio confronts Narasimhan about his plans and takes them with his car so that they can paint the car in pink and coat the stuff, but as they do not have cocaine, they decide to approach Albert. He kidnaps the trio and eventually manages to escape the location with the stuff Albert has. Rowther learns of Deivanayagam's plans and decides to have a meeting with Deivanayagam. The trio is caught and held by Rowther's men. During their business dealing, Deivanayagam reveals that the [[Rolex]] watch he had given to Rowther was fake.

A gang war takes place between Deivanayagam and Rowther's men until Albert arrives and kills the two gangsters so that he can be a powerful drug lord. Albert kidnaps Jil, Jung, and Juk to murder them, taking them far away. Juk's father, a bus driver, rescues the trio. All of them fight Albert's men. However, Albert arrives with a [[Gyrojet]] to kill the men, but it is stopped by a marble and eventually backfires and crashes. Jil, Jung, and Juk escape the place and lead a happy life. The Chinese gang, who had been waiting for the delivery, feels dejected that Jil failed to arrive, and they leave empty-handed.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] as Nanjil Shivaji (Jil)
*Avinash Raghudevan as Jambulingam (Jung)
*[[Sananth]] as [[Jaguar]] Jagan (Juk)
*[[Radha Ravi]] as [[Rolex]] Rowther
*[[R. Amarendran]] as Deivanayagam
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Jil's father
*[[Bagavathi Perumal]] as Marundhu
*[[Jasmin Bhasin]] as Sonu Sawant
*Naga Masi as Narasimhan
*[[Sai Dheena]] as Attack Albert
*Bipin as Pai
*Sharath Kumar as Kaali
*Aroul D. Shankar as Inspector Eswara Pandian
*[[RJ Balaji]] in a cameo appearance
*[[R. S. Shivaji]] as Juk's father (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
{{Quote box
| quote = I was having a conversation with my friend Mohan Ramakrishnan one day with whom I had studied engineering. We were discussing how interesting it would be if we could incorporate the three dimensions of physics namely mass, time and length into human characters and that is when we struck upon this new dimension of hit men and the title of Jil, Jung and Juk, which fit the characters beautifully
| source = — Dheeraj Vaidy, on the [[pre-production]] and writing of ''Jil Jung Juk'' in an interview with ''[[The New Indian Express]]''<ref name="Physics">{{Cite web |date=23 January 2016 |title=Physics of Filmmaking |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/jan/23/physics-of-filmmaking-872152.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014051506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/jan/23/Physics-of-Filmmaking-872152.html |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}
''Jil Jung Juk'' marked the debut directorial venture of Deeraj Vaidy. During his career as a software engineer, he became interested in filmmaking and had made two short films before approaching [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] in late 2014. He made a [[Television pilot|pilot film]] of ''Jil Jung Juk'',<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLl9fO3Nwr4 |title=PILOT FILM OF JIL JUNG JUK (2014) |date=12 February 2019 |language=en |publisher=Deeraj Vaidy |access-date=30 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLl9fO3Nwr4 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> which impressed Siddharth, who asked him to conceptualise the script as a feature film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 February 2019 |title=THE UNSEEN VERSION OF JIL JUNG JUK |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/unseen-pilot-movie-version-of-jil-jung-juk.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402150646/https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/unseen-pilot-movie-version-of-jil-jung-juk.html |archive-date=2 April 2025 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Karthik |first=Janani |date=24 November 2015 |title=What's with Siddharth's blue hair in Jil Jung Juk? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/whats-with-siddharths-blue-hair-in-jil-jung-juk/articleshow/49892729.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/whats-with-siddharths-blue-hair-in-jil-jung-juk/articleshow/49892729.cms |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> When he read the final draft of the script in January 2015, Siddharth was impressed. Apart from acting, Siddharth agreed to produce the venture under [[Etaki Entertainment]], making this his second film as a producer after ''[[Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi]]'' (2012) and his first solo project as a producer.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=12 November 2015 |title=The three magic words: Actor Siddharth on Jil Jung Juk |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-three-magic-words-actor-siddharth-on-jil-jung-juk/article7869369.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-three-magic-words-actor-siddharth-on-jil-jung-juk/article7869369.ece |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2015 |title=Siddharth's second film as producer is 'Jil Jung Juck' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siddharths-second-film-as-producer-is-jil-jung-juck/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027185551/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siddharths-second-film-as-producer-is-jil-jung-juck/ |archive-date=27 October 2015 |access-date=31 December 2015 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

The film's title ''Jil Jung Juk'' was derived from dialogue spoken by [[Vadivelu]] in ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' (1994).<ref name=":2" /> Deeraj Vaidy co-wrote the script with Mohan Ramakrishnan, his friend.<ref name="Physics" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=15 November 2015 |title=The script of Jil Jung Juck is its heroine: Deeraj Vaidy |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151114/entertainment-kollywood/article/script-jil-jung-juck-its-heroine-deeraj-vaidy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151114/entertainment-kollywood/article/script-jil-jung-juck-its-heroine-deeraj-vaidy |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> He described the film as "an offbeat film that did not need a conventional hero".<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=2 January 2016 |title=Deeraj Vaidy on 'Jil Jung Juk' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Deeraj-Vaidy-on-Jil-Jung-Juk/article13977075.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151947/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Deeraj-Vaidy-on-Jil-Jung-Juk/article13977075.ece |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's technical crew consisted of relative newcomers: except for composer [[Vishal Chandrashekhar]], debutant Shreyaas Krishna handled the cinematography, whilst Kurtz Schneider was the editor.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

=== Casting ===
Siddharth starred as Nanjil Sivaji (Jil). Deeraj chose him as the protagonist because he wanted someone who never hesitates to experiment.<ref name=":3" /> As the film is set in a fictional world, Siddharth wore [[blue hair]] in the film, which was considered to be an "unusual look" for a man.<ref name=":1" /> Avinash Raghudevan and [[Sananth]] were cast in the other leading roles as Jambulingam (Jung) and Jaguar Jagan (Juk), respectively. The former was described as a "scary, yet logical guy" while the latter was described as a "constant troublemaker". Avinash practised various mannerisms for his role in the film saying, "Whenever Jung speaks, his cheek starts twitching. It was interesting to practise this, and I had full freedom on the set to come up with suggestions".<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2016 |title=Make way for the weird guys |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/make-way-for-the-weird-guys/articleshow/50916921.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/make-way-for-the-weird-guys/articleshow/50916921.cms |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Both Avinash and Sananth had appeared in the pilot version of the film, shot in 2014, with Kanna Ravi playing Siddharth's role.<ref name=":0" /> [[Radha Ravi]] offered to act without accepting any remuneration, but Siddharth still paid him.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Jil Jung Juk' team meets the press |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/jil-jung-juk-team-meets-the-press-imagegallery-kollywood-qcerBjibbcdbf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204164214/http://www.sify.com/movies/jil-jung-juk-team-meets-the-press-imagegallery-kollywood-qcerBjibbcdbf.html |archive-date=4 February 2016 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> The film intentionally did not have a female lead actor;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=4 February 2016 |title=Siddharth makes a film sans heroine |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040216/siddharth-makes-a-film-sans-heroine.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040216/siddharth-makes-a-film-sans-heroine.html |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=S. S. |date=21 September 2015 |title=Siddharth doesn't need any heroine! |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/siddharth-doesnt-need-any-heroine/articleshow/49049653.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/siddharth-doesnt-need-any-heroine/articleshow/49049653.cms |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref> the only female cast member, [[Jasmin Bhasin]] briefly appears an actress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=R. S. |date=Feb 12, 2016 |title=Movie Review: JIL JUNG JUK |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-jil-jung-juk/articleshow/50965455.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250406083832/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-jil-jung-juk/articleshow/50965455.cms |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming and post-production ===
Filming of ''Jil Jung Juk'' began in late May 2015, with portions of the film shot in [[Tiruvallur]], [[Chennai]], and [[Kanchipuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2015 |title=Siddharth acts without heroine |url=http://movieclickz.com/tamil-cinema-news/siddharth-acts-without-heroine/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027052915/http://movieclickz.com/tamil-cinema-news/siddharth-acts-without-heroine/ |archive-date=27 October 2015 |access-date=31 December 2015 |website=Movie Clickz}}</ref> The interior scenes were shot on sets in Chennai. The team completed the shooting in 38 days.<ref name="Physics" /> The film's post-production began in September 2015, and the team first promoted the film to the media on 9 September.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2015 |title=Jil Jung Juck: Siddharth dons the producer's hat for the second time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharths-second-film-as-producer-is-jil-jung-juck-262033-2015-09-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharths-second-film-as-producer-is-jil-jung-juck-262033-2015-09-09 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Work on the project was delayed due to the [[2015 South India floods]], but the team worked tirelessly so that they could complete post-production work by the end of the year.<ref name=":3" />

== Themes ==
Being set in a futuristic world, ''Jil Jung Juk'' explores the three dimensions of physics — mass, time, and length — as human characters, describing Jil, Jung, and Juk.<ref name="Physics" /> Vishal Menon of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote about how the film was inspired by the works of [[Guy Ritchie]], [[Quentin Tarantino]], [[Wes Anderson]], [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]], and films starring [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]]. The film also explores the concept of the [[butterfly effect]], an idea about how a small incident can cause larger effects: in a scene with Jil, there is a reference to the song "Oh Butterfly" from ''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]'' (1992). In another scene, a flap of a butterfly's wing literally sets off a series of events.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=7 January 2020 |title=Flops Of Glory: Deeraj Vaidy's 'Jil Jung Juk' |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/flops-of-glory-deeraj-vaidy-jil-jung-juk-siddharth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/flops-of-glory-deeraj-vaidy-jil-jung-juk-siddharth/ |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref> The film also had a connection with ''[[Karakattakkaran]]'' (1989): a scene in which Sananth reveals the backstory of his father, a former bus driver, who had joined Deiva's gang and had stolen a pink 1960 [[Chevrolet Impala]] belonging to Rolex Rowther, along with cash, and a heroine whom Rowther had kidnapped. Siddharth mockingly asked whether his father had kept Soppanasundari, the previous owner of that car, a reference to the plot of ''Karakattakkaran''.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=12 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk: Quirky, but little else |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/jil-jung-juk-quirky-but-little-else/article8228272.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507153643/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/jil-jung-juk-quirky-but-little-else/article8228272.ece |archive-date=7 May 2018 |access-date=20 March 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Jil Jung Juk (soundtrack)}}
[[Vishal Chandrashekhar]] composed the soundtrack for ''Jil Jung Juk''. It was released through [[Think Music]] on 10 November 2015.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2015 |title=Jil Jung Juk (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/jil-jung-juk-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1071756361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222100456/https://music.apple.com/in/album/jil-jung-juk-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1071756361 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=10 March 2025 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
The first look of ''Jil Jung Juk'' was unveiled to the public in late October 2015.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 November 2015 |title=Jil Jung Juk first look: Look at the new avatar of Siddarth in the upcoming black comedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jil-jung-juk-first-look-look-at-the-new-avatar-of-siddarth-in-the-upcoming-black-comedy-270840-2015-11-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830153450/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jil-jung-juk-first-look-look-at-the-new-avatar-of-siddarth-in-the-upcoming-black-comedy-270840-2015-11-01 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |magazine=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2015 |title=Siddharth's First Look in Jil Jung Juk |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/nov/02/siddharths-first-look-in-jil-jung-juk-837413.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014051506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/nov/02/Siddharths-First-Look-in-Jil-Jung-Juk-837413.html |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film's teaser trailer was likened to the works of Guy Ritchie with regards to its colour tone and background score.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intriguing trailer of Siddharth's 'Jil Jung Juk' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/intriguing-trailer-of-siddharths-jil-jung-juk-imagegallery-kollywood-plhlVfiahafbh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151111005556/http://www.sify.com/movies/intriguing-trailer-of-siddharths-jil-jung-juk-imagegallery-kollywood-plhlVfiahafbh.html |archive-date=11 November 2015 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> In mid-November 2015, Siddharth announced that the film would have a theatrical release worldwide on 25 December 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Siddharth's Jil Jung Juk to hit screens on Christmas |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/siddharth-s-jil-jung-juk-to-hit-screens-on-christmas/story-3NYnhMzOqGJnEfGLmetl3N.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/siddharth-s-jil-jung-juk-to-hit-screens-on-christmas/story-3NYnhMzOqGJnEfGLmetl3N.html |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> coinciding with [[Christmas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Siddharth's upcoming film Jil Jung Juk to release worldwide on Christmas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharths-upcoming-film-jil-jung-jak-releases-worldwide-for-christams-272617-2015-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830153451/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharths-upcoming-film-jil-jung-jak-releases-worldwide-for-christams-272617-2015-11-13 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Siddharth's 'Jil Jung Juk' to release on Christmas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siddharths-jil-jung-juk-to-release-on-christmas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151944/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siddharths-jil-jung-juk-to-release-on-christmas/ |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> However, following the 2015 South Indian floods that occurred during early December, Siddharth announced that the theatrical release of the film would be postponed to 2016, as he and his team had to work on relief measures for people affected by the flood.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2015 |title=Jil Jung Juk, Gethu releases pushed to 2016 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/entertainment-kollywood/article/jil-jung-juk-gethu-releases-pushed-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151947/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151213/entertainment-kollywood/article/jil-jung-juk-gethu-releases-pushed-2016 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> The trailer for the film was released by [[S. S. Rajamouli]], on the eve of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] (14 January 2016); the film's new worldwide release date was set for 12 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2016 |title=Siddharth's 'Jil Jung Juk' trailer packs in slick glossy finish |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/jil-jung-juk-trailer-sidddharth-dheeraj-vaidy-tamil-cinema.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406035709/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/jil-jung-juk-trailer-sidddharth-dheeraj-vaidy-tamil-cinema.html |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=6 April 2025 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref>

As part of the promotional activities, the cast of ''Jil Jung Juk'' — Siddharth, Sananth, and Avinash – appeared in a video made by the [[YouTube]] channel ''Put Chutney'', released before the film's release. The video, titled ''10 Elements of a Commercial Film'', sarcastically mocked the trend in Tamil [[Masala film|commercial films]] of having the cast making a parody of their film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk: The promotional video of Siddharth's film has gone viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jil-jung-juk-the-promotional-video-of-siddharths-film-has-gone-viral-308263-2016-02-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406040005/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jil-jung-juk-the-promotional-video-of-siddharths-film-has-gone-viral-308263-2016-02-11 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=6 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2016 |title='Jil Jung Juk' team on a rollicking video with Put Chutney |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/jil-jung-juk-put-chutney-siddharth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/jil-jung-juk-put-chutney-siddharth.html |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> The video garnered attention of film buffs and more than a million views on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joseph |first=Raveena |date=27 April 2016 |title=Five minutes to fame |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/how-put-chutneys-videos-promote-tamil-films-in-a-new-way/article8528280.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830152022/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/how-put-chutneys-videos-promote-tamil-films-in-a-new-way/article8528280.ece |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> A Coimbatore-based startup company called Creative Monkey Games & Technologies designed an Android game based on the film and released it before the film's release date in February 2016. It was downloaded 8,000 times within five days of the launch.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=16 February 2016 |title=The J Company |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-new-game-themed-on-the-dark-comedy-jil-jung-juk/article8244679.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014051502/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-new-game-themed-on-the-dark-comedy-jil-jung-juk/article8244679.ece |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Deeraj Vaidy planned to launch the director's cut version of this film through [[YouTube]] on 1 April 2020. However, the video was taken down due to copyright violation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2020 |title=Siddharth's Jil Jung Juk release on YouTube postponed due to copyright issues |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharth-s-jil-jung-juk-release-on-youtube-postponed-due-to-copyright-issues-1662908-2020-04-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siddharth-s-jil-jung-juk-release-on-youtube-postponed-due-to-copyright-issues-1662908-2020-04-03 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
''Jil Jung Juk'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2020 |title=Jil Jung Junk director shares a heartfelt note |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jil-jung-junk-director-shares-heartfelt-note/articleshow/73484145.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405061710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jil-jung-junk-director-shares-heartfelt-note/articleshow/73484145.cms |archive-date=5 April 2025 |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "To some extent, the director offsets such disappointments by providing us with a steady stream of quirkiness, but the climax, which is over-stretched and cliched, leaves us with a film that we admire but cannot wholeheartedly fall in love with."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=13 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Jil-Jung-Juk/movie-review/50971130.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217053829/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Jil-Jung-Juk/movie-review/50971130.cms |archive-date=17 February 2016 |access-date=6 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the quirky ideas used in the film, but criticised the team for "encouraging mainstream and discomfiting ideas". He further went on to say, "It's all rather queer, but does oddity necessarily equate to enjoyability?"<ref name=":6" /> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Jil Jung Juk seems more a case where the actors seem to have had more fun enacting their scenes, than what the viewers experience watching them."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=14 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk Review: Wacky Situations Spiced With Dark Humour, Entertainer |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2016/feb/14/jil-jung-juk-review-wacky-situations-spiced-with-dark-humour-entertainer-892077.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014051506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2016/feb/14/Jil-Jung-Juk-Review-Wacky-Situations-Spiced-With-Dark-Humour-Entertainer-892077.html |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The film does have its share of laughs, but it lacks the chaos, excitement and crazy fun that would have made the film more enjoyable. The wacky entertainment that was promised in the intriguing trailer is missing. Despite its faults, ''Jil Jung Juk'' does make a decent entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=12 February 2016 |title=Review: Jil Jung Juk is a decent entertainer |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-jil-jung-juk-is-a-decent-entertainer/20160212.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151945/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-jil-jung-juk-is-a-decent-entertainer/20160212.htm |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' criticised the script, saying that "it falls short of expectations, particularly in the second half", while praising the technical aspects and other novel elements of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=12 February 2016 |title='Jil Jung Juk' review: Siddharth's black comedy falls short of what it could be |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-jil-jung-juk-review-a-black-comedy-that-falls-short-of-what-it-could-be-2176970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830153450/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-jil-jung-juk-review-a-black-comedy-that-falls-short-of-what-it-could-be-2176970 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |language=en}}</ref> Arathi Kannan of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "To call ''Jil Jung Juk'' a dark comedy could only be justified to some extent, for it doesn't employ the noir elements (popularised by Korean and Hollywood masters) like the brilliance of violence, satirical narrative or even a style statement".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Arathi |date=13 February 2016 |title='Jil Jung Juk' movie review: 'Joint'ly pink |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/jil-junk-juk-movie-review-siddharth-dheeraj-vaidy-vishal-chandrasekhar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151946/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/jil-junk-juk-movie-review-siddharth-dheeraj-vaidy-vishal-chandrasekhar.html |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref>

In contrast, Gauthaman Bhaskaran of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and said the three lead actors "produce enough laughs through some great one-liners in the first half of the film; but this becomes a serious flaw post intermission, when Vaidy, who also wrote the script, runs out of ideas and begins to stretch scenes till they appear irritatingly repetitive. And the performances are passe as well, and do not add up either."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gauthaman |date=12 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juck review: A stretched second half spoils the show |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/jil-jung-juck-review-a-black-comedy-that-does-not-quite-fly/story-zpomZ7vCKY71qUxCSKDLRM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/jil-jung-juck-review-a-black-comedy-that-does-not-quite-fly/story-zpomZ7vCKY71qUxCSKDLRM.html |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave it 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The major drawback is its ordinary screenplay. What ideas looked great on paper, lose steam in execution and the jokes fall flat many times, especially during the latter half."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=13 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk movie review: Enjoyable only in parts |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/130216/jil-jung-juk-movie-review-enjoyable-only-in-parts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711212047/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/130216/jil-jung-juk-movie-review-enjoyable-only-in-parts.html |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave it 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "the film is occasionally Jil (Good) mostly Jung (Average) and largely Juk (Worst)" and further added, "Just like any other dark comedies in Tamil cinema (most of them are inspired by Guy Ritchie flicks), here too each and every character has got interesting back stories and to be honest, they initially create good impression but over indulgence and repetitive gags spoils the show."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2016 |title=Jil Jung Juk review: Not funny at all |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jil-jung-juk-review-review-tamil-qcmkneeebjffd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217082220/http://www.sify.com/movies/jil-jung-juk-review-review-tamil-qcmkneeebjffd.html |archive-date=17 February 2017 |access-date=16 February 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2010s dystopian films]]
[[Category:2010s gangster films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s satirical films]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2016 black comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Chinese people]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal Chandrashekhar]]
[[Category:Films set in 2020]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in the future]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian dystopian films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian post-apocalyptic films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Indian Western (genre) comedy films]]
[[Category:Stoner films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language black comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)

2026-03-28T09:48:27Z

HungHanks23355: small adjust references for clarity and corrected details per sources

{{Short description|Five aspects of divinity within Gaudiya Vaishnavism}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{italic title}}
{{Other uses|Pancha Tattva (disambiguation){{!}}Pancha Tattva}}
{{Pancha-Tattva deities|size=300px}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}

The '''Pancha Tattva''' ({{langx|sa|पञ्चतत्त्व|pañca-tattva}}, from Sanskrit ''pañca'' meaning "five" and ''[[tattva]]'' "truth" or "reality"), in the [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] tradition of [[Hinduism]], are five 15th-century religious figures, venerated as the five aspects of the god [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-14 |title=West Bengal: Iskcon Mayapur gets ‘biggest’ pujari floor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/iskcon-mayapur-gets-biggest-pujari-floor/articleshow/74125538.cms |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosen |first=Steven |title=Śrī Pañca Tattva: the five features of God |date=1994 |publisher=Folk Books |isbn=978-0-9619763-7-8 |edition=1 |location=New York}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bhakti Yoga]]
* [[Chaitanya Charitamrita]]
* [[Panchatattva (Tantra)]]
* [[Six Goswamis of Vrindavan]]
* [[Vaishnavism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Rosen, Steven J. ''Sri Pancha Tattva: The Five Features of God'' 1994 {{ISBN|0-9619763-7-3}} Folk Books, New York

{{Krishna}}
{{Indian Philosophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tattva, Pancha}}
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]

Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum

2026-03-21T01:21:59Z

HungHanks23355: new

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum
| image = Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sugavanam R
| writer = 
| producer = Ka. Karuppusamy
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Parotta Murugesan
* Vijayan Diya
* Vidhya Sakthivel
}}
| cinematography = J. T. Vimal
| editing = Sathish Kurosaw
| music = [[Natarajan Sankaran]]
| studio = Thirumalai Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|11|28}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[drama]] film directed by Sugavanam R and produced by Ka. Karuppusamy. The film features Parotta Murugesan, Vijayan Diya, and Vidhya Sakthivel in the lead roles, alongside Chitra Nagarajan, Lollu Saba Vikadan, M. Karthikesan, Veppadai Murugan, and Nakkalites Meena in supporting roles. The music is composed by [[Natarajan Sankaran]], with cinematography by J. T. Vimal and sound design by Hari Prasad.

== Cast ==

* Parotta Murugesan
* Vijayan Diya
* Vidhya Sakthivel
* Chitra Nagarajan
* Lollu Saba Vikadan
* M. Karthikesan
* Veppadai Murugan
* Nakkalites Meena

== Reception ==
Roopa Radhakrishnan of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The makers fail to properly establish the rest of the characters, other than Nallapadan. [...] The characters are mostly written as one-dimensional. [...] As a result, the world-building and the stakes aren’t fully realised, and the film ends up becoming a shallow attempt."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum Movie Review: A film that starts and ends strongly but stumbles in between|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ondimuniyum-nallapadanum/movie-review/125611035.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en}}</ref> Prashanth Vallavan of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "''OMNP'' is meandering, indulgent, melodramatic, and amateurish. [...] ''OMNP'' handles every one of the layers with the dexterity of a child designing a rocket engine with a box of crayons."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ondimuniyum Nallapadanum Movie Review: A decent story suffers from outdated and amateurish direction|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/30/ondimuniyum-nallapadanum-movie-review-a-decent-story-suffers-from-outdated-and-amateurish-direction|website=Cinema Express|date=2025-11-30|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en|first=Prashanth|last=Vallavan}}</ref> The film was also reviewed by [[Dina Thanthi|''Dina Thanthi'']],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ஒண்டிமுனியும் நல்ல பாடனும் - சினிமா விமர்சனம்|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/movie-review/ondimuniyum-nallapadanum-cinema-review-1193144|website=www.dailythanthi.com|date=2025-12-01|access-date=2025-12-02|language=ta|last=தினத்தந்தி}}</ref> ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=ஒண்டி முனியும் நல்ல பாடனும்: திரைப் பார்வை - சாதியின் பசியும், சடங்கின் அரசியலும்!|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/ondimuniyum-nallapadanum-movie-review|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-12-02|language=ta|last=ஆர்.சி.ஜெயந்தன்}}</ref> and ''[[Vikatan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ஒண்டிமுனியும் நல்லபாடனும் விமர்சனம்: சாதிய பாகுபாட்டினைப் பேசும் நல்லதொரு எழுத்து; ஆனால், திரைமொழி?!|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/ondimuniyum-nallapadanum-tamil-movie-vikatan-review|website=[[Vikatan]]|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-12-02|language=ta|first=விகடன்|last=டீம்}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|36966119}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Maya Choudhury

2026-03-19T08:36:17Z

HungHanks23355: basic reworked intro for clarity

{{short description|Indian actress from Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Maya Choudhury
| image = Maya Choudhury.jpg
| caption = Maya Choudhury in 2020
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] '''Present address:''' Palace Compound, [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1997-present
| spouse = Laishram Manikanta
| parents = Ch. Somorjit Sharma Ch. Ongbi Sanahanbi Devi
| website =
}}
'''Maya Choudhury''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Manipuri film]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2023 |title="For The First Time, This Film Stirs Up The Deepest Feelings In My Heart" - Maya Choudhury About Working In 'Oneness' |url=https://dailyasianage.com/news/311008/for-the-first-time-this-film-stirs-up-the-deepest-feelings-in-my-heart---maya-choudhury-about-working-in-oneness |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=15 February 2025 |title=Manipuri Film ‘Oneness’ Earns Four Nominations at Prag Cine Awards Northeast 2025 |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/manipuri-film-oneness-earns-four-nominations-at-prag-cine-awards-northeast-2025/ |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=Imphal Times}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=29 April 2018 |title=Maya Choudhury |work=The Personage |url=https://nikitalsharma.wordpress.com/2018/04/29/maya-choudhury/ |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> For her performance as Anna Martin in the 2024 film ''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]'', she received the Best Supporting Actor (Female) award at the 17th [[Government of Manipur|Manipur State Film Awards]] in 2025, marking the first award of her career.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-06-27 |title=Manipur's Queer Film ONENESS Wins 2 State Govt. Film Awards - Northeast Today |url=https://northeasttoday.in/northeast/manipurs-queer-film-oneness-wins-2-state-govt-film-awards/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

Some of her notable films are ''Basantagee Nongallamdai'' trilogy, [[Oneness (film)|''Oneness,'']] ''Meichak'', ''Kunti'', ''Mr. Lakhipyari'', ''Liklaai'', ''[[Tomthin Shija]]'', [[Imoinu (film)|''Imoinu'']] and ''Saklon Amada''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2021 |title=Priyakanta Laishram "ONENESS" is all set to reveal the invisible crime of Gay Honor Killing (Manipur's first Gay themed movie) |work=India Today NE |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/priyakanta-laishram-oneness-all-set-reveal-invisible-crime-gay-honor-killing-manipurs-first-gay-themed-movie-411189-2021-12-10 |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Making Of 'ONENESS': Manipur's First-Ever Flick On Same-Sex Relationship |work=The Frontier Manipur |url=https://thefrontiermanipur.com/making-of-oneness-manipurs-first-ever-flick-on-same-sex-relationship/ |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1998, Maya Choudhury made her acting debut in the celluloid film ''Meichak,'' directed by Laimayum Banka Sharma. Later that year, she participated in [[Miss Manipur]] 1998, where she was placed ''2nd runner-up'', winning 5 other subtitles. It was then followed by two other celluloid films before she got married.<ref name=":1" />

She made her comeback to acting after marriage with films like ''Basantagee Nongallamdai'' and ''21st Century's Kunti'', for which she credited her husband and family for their support.<ref name=":1" />

Maya's comeback in the industry is marked by ''[[Leikhamton]]'' and supporting roles in films like ''[[Imoinu (film)|Imoinu]], [[Tomthin Shija]], Hiyai'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/manipuri-film-hiyai-screened-at-dus-north-campus/articleshow/66028925.cms |title=Manipuri film Hiyai screened at DU's north campus |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> and ''[[Pandam Amada]]'', while the latter was selected for the 18th Dhaka International Film Festival 2019, the 18th Third Eye Asian Film Festival 2019, Mumbai and the Tokyo Lift-Off Film Festival 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenewsmill.com/manipuri-film-pandan-selected-for-asian-festival/ |title=Manipuri film Pandam Amada selected for Asian Festival |website=The News Mill |date=12 December 2019 |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>

=== Notable Critical Response ===
In 2024, Maya Choudhury appeared as a protagonist playing the role of Anna Martin in the film ''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]'', directed by [[Priyakanta Laishram]], which is the first Manipuri film to explore same-sex relationships.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Esha |date=25 April 2022 |title=A Manipur film tackles sexual identity for first time |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-manipur-film-tackles-sexual-identity-for-first-time-7885549/ |access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=17 August 2024 |title=Oneness to premiere at Bangalore Queer Film Fest |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/8/17/IMPHAL-Aug-17-Manipuri-Film-Oneness-has-been-selected-as-the-sole-entry-from-North-East-India-for-the-pre.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Sangai Express}}</ref> The film made its world premiere at South Asia's biggest queer film festival, [[KASHISH Pride Film Festival|KASHISH Pride Film Festival 2024]], [[Mumbai]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2024 |title=Priyakanta's 'Oneness' steals spotlight at Pride Film Fest |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/5/21/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-May-20-Manipuri-filmmaker-and-actor-Priyakanta-Laishram-has-taken-the-Kashish.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Sangai Express}}</ref> and later got official selections and screened at the [[Bangalore Queer Film Festival|14th Bangalore Queer Film Festival 2024]],<ref name=":5" /> the [[2nd Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival|2nd Eikhoigi Imphal International Film Festival 2025]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2025 |title=State gears up for 2nd EIIFF |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2025/1/31/IMPHAL-Jan-30-Manipur-is-gearing-up-to-host-the-second-edition-of-the-Eikhoigi-Imphal-International-Film-Fe.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Sangai Express}}</ref> and the 2nd North East India Film Festival, Manipur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2025 |title=Three Assamese Films Selected For Screening At 2nd North East India Film Festival In Manipur |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/three-assamese-films-selected-for-screening-at-2nd-north-east-india-film-festival-in-manipur |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Sentinel}}</ref> The film also got recommendations from [[Elle (magazine)|Elle Magazine]] and [[Mid-Day]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2024 |title=From Kaathal to La Vénus d'Argent, Here Are 8 Films To Watch Out For At The Kashish Pride Film Festival This Year |url=https://elle.in/8-films-kashish-pride-film-festival/ |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=ELLE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2024 |title=10 feature films to watch out for at KASHISH Pride Film Festival 2024 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/photo/in-photos-10-feature-films-to-watch-out-for-at-kashish-pride-film-festival-2024-in-mumbai-lgbtqia-queer-festival-100613/1 |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>

Upon release, Maya got critical acclaim for her performance as Anna Martin. ''[[The Sangai Express]]'' praised her performance, writing that she "delivers one of her most powerful performances in ONENESS."<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2024 |title=ONENESS: A landmark in Manipuri cinema breaks barriers |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/8/9/Reviewed-by-Laishram-Malemnganba-Meitei-Mocha-Laishram-Khuman-ABOUT-THE-FILM-ONENESS-directed-by-Pr.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=The Sangai Express}}</ref> ''Manipur Wiki'' penned, "Maya Choudhury shines as another stand out star of the film, delivering outstanding performances throughout." and stating that, "This performance is arguably the best of her career."<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2024 |title=“Oneness” : A Film Review |url=https://manipurwiki.org/oneness-a-film-review/ |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=Manipur Wiki}}</ref> ''E-Pao'' praised her performance, writing, "Maya's portrayal is both subtle and impactful, capturing the essence of a mother's love and resilience."<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=20 December 2024 |title=Oneness - A Brave, Pioneering Triumph in Manipuri Cinema |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.movies.Oneness_A_Brave_Pioneering_Triumph_in_Manipuri_Cinema_By_David_Whiso |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=E-Pao}}</ref> ''Imphal Review of Arts and Politics'' described it as “perhaps the finest performance of her illustrious career”, praising her emotionally nuanced portrayal of a conflicted mother, considering her role as one of the strongest elements of the film, contributing significantly to its impact.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=“Oneness”: A Defiant Cinematic Stand Against Deep-Rooted Socio-Cultural Intolerance |url=https://imphalreviews.in/oneness-a-defiant-cinematic-stand-against-deep-rooted-socio-cultural-intolerance/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Imphal Review of Arts and Politics}}</ref> ''Signpost News'' highlighted Maya Choudhury’s role as a key emotional anchor in ''Oneness'', noting her “transformative arc” as one of the film’s most impactful elements.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Angom |first=Rinku |date=26 June 2025 |title=Oneness: The Film That Dared to Say What Manipur Silenced |url=https://signpostnews.com/oneness-the-film-that-dared-to-say-what-manipur-silenced/ |access-date=27 June 2025 |work=Signpost News}}</ref>

She received her first [[Northeast India|pan-Northeast India]] nomination for Best Actress ''- Northeast'' at the [[Prag Cine Awards|Prag Cine Awards 2025]] for her performance in the film.<ref name=":4" /> Her performance as Anna Martin in [[Oneness (film)|''Oneness'']] was recognized by ''Screen Echoes Manipur'' as one of the Best 8 Performances in Manipuri Cinema in the Last Decade.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manipur |first=Screen Echoes |date=21 June 2025 |title=Best 8 Performances In Manipuri Cinema In The Last Decade |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.movies.Best_8_Performances_in_Manipuri_Cinema_in_the_last_Decade |access-date=23 June 2025 |work=E-Pao}}</ref>

At the 17th Manipur State Film Awards in 2025, she received the Best Supporting Actor (Female) award for ''Oneness''. Presented by the [[Government of Manipur]] and the Manipur State Film Development Society, the award marked the first recognition in her 28-year-long acting career.<ref name=":10" />

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Award
!Category
!Film
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 17th Manipur State Film Awards 2025
| Best Supporting Actor (Female)
| ''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":10" />
|-
| [[Prag Cine Awards|Prag Cine Awards 2025]]
| Best Actress - ''Northeast''
| ''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]''
| {{nominated}}
| <ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2025 |title=Priyakanta Laishram wins Best Director Northeast at Prag Cine Awards 2025 for ONENESS |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/priyakanta-laishram-wins-best-director-northeast-at-prag-cine-awards-2025-for-oneness/ |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=Imphal Times}}</ref>
|-
| 1st SSS MANIFA 2012
| Best Actress
| ''Saklon Amada''
| {{nominated}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=23..130912.sep12|title=Nominees of Manipuri Film awards announced|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
|}

== Controversy ==
In 2024, Maya Choudhury became the subject of online criticism and trolling following a promotional interview for the film ''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]''. During the interview, she remarked she does not watch films in which she does not star, a statement that was misinterpreted and contributed to heightened backlash against the film. The controversy occurred amidst broader resistance to the film’s subject matter in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hijam |first=Araba |date=13 March 2025 |title=Why Priyakanta Laishram's Best Director Win Feels Like Our Own Victory |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2025/3/13/Araba-Hijam-Some-victories-extend-beyond-personal-achievement-they-symbolize-defiance-resilience-and-the-c.html |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The Sangai Express}}</ref><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" />

==Selected filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Director
|-
|1998
|''Meichak''
|Lata
|L. Banka Sharma
|-
|1999
|''Aroiba Bidaai''
|Thadoi
|[[Oken Amakcham]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2004
|''Thajabagee Wangmada''
|Sarju
|[[Oken Amakcham]]
|-
|''Panthungeedara Nungshiba''
|Asha
|Diya Khwairakpam
|-
| rowspan="2"|2005
|''Nangtana Helli''
|Monika
|[[Oken Amakcham]]
|-
|''Mr. Lakhipyari''
|Radha
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2006
|''Eigi Salini Ma'am''
| Salini Thapa
|Vir Bhadra Yumnam
|-
|''Basantagee Nongallamdai''
|Sarla
|Tej Kshetri
|-
|2007
|''Ujaningba Shaktam''
|Sarla
|Tej Kshetri
|-
|rowspan="4"|2008
|''Chatlabra Waarouna?''
|Thaja
|[[Khwairakpam Bishwamittra]]
|-
|''Liklaai''
|Liklaai
|Pilu H.
|-
|''Ningthem''
|Panthoi
|[[Khwairakpam Bishwamittra]]
|-
|''Lanmei Thanbi''
|Dr. Memi
|Chou En Lai & O. Mangi
|-
| rowspan="3"|2009
|''Lonthoktabagee Wari''
|Leihao
|Diya Khwairakpam
|-
|''Leikang Thambal''
|Thambal
|Tej Kshetri
|-
|''Utaangbi''
|Radha
|[[Romi Meitei]]
|-
| rowspan="11"|2010
|''Imphal Ningol''
|Leibaklei
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''Piranglakta Manglan Ama''
|Dr. Chongnu
|Khangembam Kuleswar
|-
|''Lambidudei''
|Dr. Linthoi
|K. Bimal Sharma
|-
|''Kanadano''
|Lingjel's sister
|I.S. Gurung
|-
|''Saklon Amada''
|Memthoi
|L. Surjakanta
|-
|''Meiree Natte Liklani''
|Lanjenbi
|Amar Raj
|-
|''Ahing Mamei''
|Leima
|Bimol Phibou
|-
|''Oooh...! The Great - Thawangee Purnima''
|Purnima
|L. Prakash
|-
|''21st Century's Kunti''
|Rajlakshmi
|Joy Soram
|-
|''Nungshibee Takhellei''
|Linthoi
|Amar Raj
|-
|''Torban Amagi Wari''
|Phajabi
|Niladhwaja Khuman
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011
|''Mellei Leishna Thariktha''
|Leishna
|Amar Raj
|-
|''Momon Meenok''
|Thariktha
|Ksh. Kishorekumar
|-
|''[[Fried Fish, Chicken Soup and a Premiere Show]]''
|Herself
|Mamta Murthy
|-
|2014
|''[[Leikhamton]]''
|Leikham
|Tej Kshetri
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[Imoinu (film)|Imoinu]]''
|Leimarembi
|Bijgputa Laishram
|-
|''Shajik Thaba''
|Sanarembi's mother
|Ojitbabu Ningthoujam
|-
|2017
|''[[Tomthin Shija]]''
|Dr. Ayingbi Shija
|Bobby Haobam
|-
|2018
|''Hiyai''
|Leima
|Herojit Naoroibam
|-
|2019
|''[[Pandam Amada]]''
|Yaiphabi
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|2020
|''[[Aronba Wari]]''
|Yaiphabi's mother
|OC Meira
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''Imoinu 2''
|Leimarembi
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''Laija Lembi''
|Tampha
|Sudhir Kangjam
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Oneness (film)|Oneness]]''
|Anna Martin
|[[Priyakanta Laishram]]
|-
|''Khomlang Laman''
|Chinglen's mother
|OC Meira
|-
|Upcoming
|''Laija Lembi 2''
|Tampha
|Sudhir Kangjam
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01ekmzmrksg |title=MAYA CHOUDHURY On Manung Hutna 14 July 2018 |via=YouTube}}
* {{cite web |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=9bDXpvcju-Q |title=Coffee with TOM - Maya Choudhury: Episode 150 (Anchor: Jolly) |via=YouTube}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Maya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Manipur]]
[[Category:Actresses in Meitei cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

The Monsoon Oracle

2026-03-18T12:00:16Z

HungHanks23355: Made new entry

{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Monsoon Oracle
| image = The_Monsoon_oracle.jpg
| caption = The ''Monsoon Oracle'' Cover
| director = [[Shrenik Rao]]
| runtime = 60 minutes
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|01|25}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu English
| budget =
}}
'''''The Monsoon Oracle ''''' is a 2013 documentary film directed by [[Shrenik Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2015-07-26 |title=When the divine daughter arrives |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/News-Analysis/2015-07-26/When-the-divine-daughter-arrives/166046 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
''The Monsoon Oracle'' is an intimate portrayal of the central festival of Telangana, called [[Bonalu]]. It narrates stories of women and men who dedicate their lives to enacting the roles the Hindu goddess [[Mahankali]]'s oracles and to the role of [[Pothuraju]], the goddess's whip wielding brother.<ref>{{cite news | title =Getting on with facts | work = The Hindu | date = 2 February 2013 | url =http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/getting-on-with-facts/article4373681.ece | accessdate = 11 November 2013}}</ref>

It presents an insight into ritualistic practices that are performed every year in India in the hope of a bountiful [[Monsoon]] and explores the emotional and psychological dimensions of these annual role enactments. Their stories reveal the relationship between the effective charge of a religious crowd and an extreme form of animal sacrifice.

The Film also delves into themes of modernization, commercialization, and politicization of religion in modern India. The dialogue in the film takes place in [[Telangana]][[Telugu language|Telugu]] with English subtitles. The narration is in English.

In an Interview with [[Deccan Chronicle]], Shrenik said
<blockquote> "It's about people, their stories, their tradition of predicting monsoons and the oracles. The idea germinated as I watched a report on a local news channel. I decided to pursue it because of the contrast the traditions offered against the backdrop of a high tech Hyderabad".<ref>{{cite web | title =Make way for the rain man | work = Deccan Chronicle | url =http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130128/lifestyle-booksart/article/make-way-rain-man | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130131053924/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130128/lifestyle-booksart/article/make-way-rain-man | url-status =dead | archive-date =31 January 2013 | accessdate = 11 November 2013}}</ref></blockquote>

''The Monsoon Oracle'' has been critically acclaimed and screened at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]](MIT) and at the [[University of Chicago]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://7mediabroadcasting.com/themaonsoon.html The Monsoon Oracle]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monsoon Oracle, The}}
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about Hinduism]]
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shrenik Rao]]
[[Category:2013 documentary films]]

Musaharniya Dih

2026-03-13T15:10:11Z

HungHanks23355: made new post.

{{Short description|Archaeological site in Bihar, India}}

{{See also-text|[[Pala Dynasty]]|[[Harisimhadeva]]}}
{{Infobox ancient site|name=Musaharniya Dih|native_name=मुसहरनिया डीह|location=Paston Navtoli Village, [[Andhra Tharhi]], [[Madhubani district]], [[Mithila region]], [[Bihar]]|region=[[Mithila region]]|type=Archaeological Site|built=Either [[Pala Dynasty]] or King [[Harisimhadeva]]|cultures=[[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]]|public_access=Public place|architectural_styles=Buddhist [[Vihāra]] and Karnat Dynasty's [[Royal Palace]]|image=|caption=Ruins of the Musaharniya Dih at Pastan Village}}

'''Musaharniya Dih''' ( [[Maithili language|Maithili]]: '''''मुसहरनिया डीह''''' ) is an archeological site in [[Madhubani district]] of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] in [[Bihar]], India. It is located at Paston village around 40 km distance from the district headquarter. The site is claimed as either Buddhist Mahavihara or ruins of the royal palace of King [[Harisimhadeva|Hari Singh Dev]] of the [[Karnats of Mithila|Karnat dynasty]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=पर्यटन स्थलों की भरमार, विश्व पटल पर छाने को तैयार - Plenty of tourist places, ready to dominate the world - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-plenty-of-tourist-places-ready-to-dominate-the-world-22058542.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-15 |title=बौद्ध सर्किट पस्टन मुसहरनिया डीह को सहेजने का आदेश फाइलों में है सिमटा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/madhubani/news/buddhist-circuit-preston-musnaraniya-deh-to-save-files-is-in-the-files-020123-3419182.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Description ==
The archeological site is located at Navtoli Paston village which is just four kilometers away from [[Andhra Tharhi|Andharathadhi]] block headquarter. There are some mounds on the site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2015-06-20 |title=Ruins of Brick Stupa, Madhubani |url=https://kpjri.res.in/ruins-of-brick-stupa-madhubani/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=kpjri.res.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Apart from two big mounds, there are four small mounds. While ploughing and spading near the site, small statues of [[The Buddha|Buddha]] and used earthen pots are found around. Some of them sculptures are kept in the local [[Vachaspati Sangrahālaya|Vachaspati Museum]].<ref name=":0" /> According to the local teacher ''Parmeshwar Bhandari'' of Navtoli Middle School "about 7-8 years ago, excavation work was started in this area, in which it was revealed that historical evidence was found, but after a few months, the excavation work was stopped for some reason."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=1200 साल पुराने बौद्ध स्तूप दिखने की ... |url=https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://images.news18.com/ibnkhabar/uploads/2022/04/Buddhist-Stupa-land.jpeg?impolicy%3Dwebsite&width=400&height=300&tbnid=LWDaZWP1sAol-M&vet=1&imgrefurl=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-archaeological-department-ignored-importance-of-buddhist-stupa-for-1200-years-in-madhubani-4200345.html&docid=pjJo1BNzPQ_hmM&w=300&h=300&itg=1&source=sh/x/im/can/1&kgs=312657cb283661f5&shem=abme,trie&sfr=vfe |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref> According to ''Hariom Sharan'', the resident of Navtoli village "Since it is a public place with no restriction from the administration, the people living nearby not only dig up and take away soil from here, but also dig up and take away bricks that contain historical evidence.<ref name=":1" /> In 2017, the Director of the Art and Culture Department had directed the then District Administrator S K Ashok to preserve the bricks and other materials from all the mounds of Paston ''Musaharniya Deeh''. But due to negligence in the protection of site from the government, the evidences of the archeological site are disappearing with unauthorised digging by the local villagers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=1200 साल पुराने बौद्ध स्तूप दिखने की उम्मीदों पर पानी! ऐतिहासिक साक्ष्य की ईंटें खोद ले गए लोग |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-archaeological-department-ignored-importance-of-buddhist-stupa-for-1200-years-in-madhubani-4200345.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=उत्तर बिहार में पुरातात्विक स्थलों पर अतिक्रमण और अवैध निर्माण, मिट रही पहचान - Encroachment and illegal construction on archaeological sites in North Bihar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-encroachment-and-illegal-construction-on-archaeological-sites-in-north-bihar-23212847.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Buddhist Mahavihara ==
The site was first surveyed by Dr. P K Jha, the then head of Bihar Circle of the Archaeological Survey Department of the Government of India. He said that there was once a huge and advanced Buddhist Mahavihara.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=राजनेताओं की उदासीनता से नहीं हो सका रामायण, महाभारत व बौद्ध सर्किट का विकास - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-due-to-apathy-of-politicians-the-development-of-ramayana-mahabharata-and-buddhist-circuits-not-done-19188802.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is said that many Buddhist stupas and Buddhist Vihars were constructed by the kings of the [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]] around the surrounding areas of Paston Navtoli village in [[Andhra Tharhi]] block.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=1200 साल पुराने बौद्ध स्तूप दिखने की उम्मीदों पर पानी! ऐतिहासिक साक्ष्य की ईंटें खोद ले गए लोग |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-archaeological-department-ignored-importance-of-buddhist-stupa-for-1200-years-in-madhubani-4200345.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> According to archaeologist ''Bhairab Lal Das'', about 1200 years ago, the Pala dynasty's kings of Mithila had constructed a Buddha stupa here. According to some historians, travellers coming from [[China]] and [[Tibet]] and going from India to Tibet and China used to stop at this [[Buddhist monasteries|Buddhist monastery]]. There is a mention of [[Bihar]]'s ''Pattan'' village in [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist literature]] written by a famous Chinese traveller whose geographical location, social customs, foods etc. and the surrounding villages are similar to this Pastan village.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-23 |title=बौद्ध स्तूप: उदासीनता का दंश झेल रहा है पस्टन मुसहरनिया का बौद्ध स्तूप - Madhubani News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhubani/news/buddhist-stupa-of-pusten-musharaniya-is-facing-the-brunt-of-apathy-127641082.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly the distance of [[Janakpur]] from this village mentioned in that literature matches exactly. According to archaeologist Pandit Sahdev Jha, ''Musaharniya Deeh'' of Paston village was the place of stay of Buddhist monks where they come to study. Similarly Retired DSP from the vigilance department Indra Narayan Jha has also considered it as a [[Vihāra|Buddhist monastery]] in his works ''Mithila Digdarshan''.<ref name=":0" /> According to Dr. Shivkumar Mishra, curator of the [[Maharajadhiraja Lakshmishwar Singh Museum|Lakshmeshwar Singh Museum]] of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], earlier it was a Mahavihara.<ref name=":2" /> At least nine pillars of it are still intact. ''Pravartanpur Sudhavihar'' is mentioned in the verse inscribed on the idol of ''Buddha Bhagwati Tara'' in [[Andhra Tharhi|Andhara Thadhi]]. It is believed that the same ''Pravartanpur'' later became famous as ''Paston''.<ref name=":2" />

== Ruins of Harisingh Deva's Royal Palace ==
According to some scholars, ''Pattan'' itself has been corrupted over time to become Pastan. It is said that the mounds at ''Musaharniya Deeh'' is the ruins of Royal Palace of the King [[Harisimhadeva|Harisimha Deva]] in [[Karnats of Mithila|Karnat Dynasty]] of Mithila. It has also been mentioned in the book ''Mithila Vimarsh Tatva''. Presently there is Harisinghdev Sanskrit Middle and High School named after him.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Madhubani district]]
[[Category:History of the Mithila region]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]

Deforestation in India

2026-03-09T02:51:19Z

HungHanks23355: added info

{{short description|none}}
[[File:SaurabhSawant EvergreenForestTreeFelling ArunachalPradesh India IMG 5967.jpg|thumb|Deforestation in [[Arunachal Pradesh]].]]
'''Deforestation in India''' is the widespread destruction of major [[forests in India]]. It is mainly caused by [[environmental degradation]] by farmers, ranches, loggers and [[plantation]] corporations. In 2009, India ranked 10th worldwide in the amount of [[forest loss]],<ref name=int>{{cite book|first=Al |last=Gore|authorlink=Al Gore|title=Our Choice: A Plan to Solve the Climate Crisis|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=POXvAAAAMAAJ}}|date=3 November 2009|publisher=Rod ale Books|ISBN=978-1-59486-734-7 |chapter =9 |pp= 174, 192, 184, 186, 192, 172}}</ref> where world annual deforestation is estimated as {{convert|13.7|e6ha}} a year.<ref name="int"/>

==History==

India has experienced Deforestation since 2nd Millennium BCE. Settlements in the Gangetic Plains were spread out. When the Indo-Aryans arrived they brought with them tools like Copper and Bronze, but this did not help in deforestation. Only when the use of Iron became common did deforestation began to drastically affect the Gangetic Plains. Large-scale clearing began around the 6th century BCE, driven by the need for agricultural land (specifically rice cultivation) and fuel for smelting.

The [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan Region]] is believed to have been a very forested area. A research paper titled "Utilizing traditional literature to triangulate the ecological history of a tropical savanna" by Ashish Nerlekar and Digvijay Patil published in the Science journal [[People and Nature]], used [[Marathi literature]] and folksongs to find out about the environment of [[Desh region]] which is part of the Deccan. From the research it has been found out that there, the landscape has remained consistent over at least 750 years, contrary to what was believed earlier.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-08 |title=Ecologists explain state’s landscape history guided by 750 years of Marathi lit works |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/ecologists-explain-states-landscape-history-guided-by-750-years-of-marathi-lit-works/articleshow/128046776.cms |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

[[Deforestation]] started with the growth of agriculture, but was exacerbated in the nineteenth century when British commercial [[Forestry in India|forestry operations]] destroyed forests in mountain areas of [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]]. The [[Gangetic plains]] were also heavily affected. <ref>{{cite web|title=Case studies of Andaman Island, Uttara Kannada|url=http://wrm.org.uy/oldsite/deforestation/Asia/India.html|website=org.uy|accessdate=20 August 2015|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307001350/http://wrm.org.uy/oldsite/deforestation/Asia/India.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Dynamics==
Deforestation has several causes including [[colonization]], [[agricultural expansion]], [[firewood]] collection, [[timber harvesting]] and extension of cultivation on slopes. In the Indian [[Himalaya]]s debris thrown down slopes due to the reckless use of [[excavator]] machines for widening roads and making of new roads has destroyed vast areas of Forest.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} Due to colonization, trees were cut down as a primary source of fuel. Felled trees are used for cooking food and other daily needs which require fuel.

== Tree cover extent and loss ==
[[Global Forest Watch]] publishes annual estimates of tree cover loss and 2000 tree cover extent derived from time-series analysis of [[Landsat program|Landsat]] satellite imagery in the Global Forest Change dataset.<ref name="GFWINDdashboard">{{cite web
|title=India Deforestation Rates & Statistics
|website=Global Forest Watch
|url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/IND/
}}</ref><ref name="HansenEtAl2013">{{cite journal
|last1=Hansen
|first1=Matthew C.
|last2=Potapov
|first2=Peter V.
|last3=Moore
|first3=Rebecca
|last4=Hancher
|first4=Matt
|last5=Turubanova
|first5=Svetlana A.
|last6=Tyukavina
|first6=Alexandra
|display-authors=3
|title=High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
|journal=Science
|volume=342
|issue=6160
|year=2013
|pages=850-853
|doi=10.1126/science.1244693
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCLossAbout">{{cite web
|title=Tree cover loss
|website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
|url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-loss/about
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCCover2000About">{{cite web
|title=Tree cover (2000)
|website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
|url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-2000/about
}}</ref> In this framework, tree cover refers to vegetation taller than 5 m (including natural forests and tree plantations), and tree cover loss is defined as the complete removal of tree cover canopy for a given year, regardless of cause.<ref name="GFRTreeCoverLoss2023">{{cite web
|title=How much forest was lost in 2023?
|website=Global Forest Review
|url=https://gfr.wri.org/global-tree-cover-loss-data-2023
}}</ref>

For India, the dashboard reports that from 2001 to 2024 the country lost about {{convert|2300000|ha|km2|abbr=on}} of tree cover (about 7.0% of its 2000 tree cover area).<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" /> For tree cover density greater than 30%, country statistics report a 2000 tree cover extent of {{convert|32620759|ha|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" /> The charts and table below display this data. In simple terms, the annual loss number is the area where tree cover disappeared in that year, and the extent number shows what remains of the 2000 tree cover baseline after subtracting cumulative loss. Forest regrowth is not included in the dataset.<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" /><ref name="GFRTreeCoverLoss2023" />

{{ChartDirect
|type=bar
|align=center
|width=100%
|x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
|xType=integer
|y1=567.93,478.39,438.31,664.12,564.19,610.12,677.32,786.41,741.55,474.41,834.15,880.11,754.07,1320.72,1096.77,1641.50,1792.61,1252.95,1159.04,1308.54,1257.53,1142.23,1367.13,1260.44
|y1Title=Annual tree cover loss (km²)
|caption=Annual tree cover loss in India, 2001–2024.<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" />
}}

{{ChartDirect
|type=line
|align=center
|width=100%
|x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
|xType=integer
|y1=325639.66,325161.27,324722.96,324058.84,323494.65,322884.53,322207.21,321420.80,320679.25,320204.84,319370.69,318490.58,317736.51,316415.79,315319.02,313677.52,311884.91,310631.96,309472.92,308164.38,306906.85,305764.62,304397.49,303137.05
|y1Title=Extent minus cumulative loss (km²)
|caption=Tree cover extent in 2000 minus cumulative tree cover loss in India, 2001–2024 (loss-only residual; does not account for gain).<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" />
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Annual tree cover loss<ref name="GFWINDdashboard" />
! Year
! Tree cover extent (km2){{efn|name=regrowth|This residual measure does not include forest regrowth.}}
! Annual tree cover loss (km2)
|-
| 2001 || 325,639.66 || 567.93
|-
| 2002 || 325,161.27 || 478.39
|-
| 2003 || 324,722.96 || 438.31
|-
| 2004 || 324,058.84 || 664.12
|-
| 2005 || 323,494.65 || 564.19
|-
| 2006 || 322,884.53 || 610.12
|-
| 2007 || 322,207.21 || 677.32
|-
| 2008 || 321,420.80 || 786.41
|-
| 2009 || 320,679.25 || 741.55
|-
| 2010 || 320,204.84 || 474.41
|-
| 2011 || 319,370.69 || 834.15
|-
| 2012 || 318,490.58 || 880.11
|-
| 2013 || 317,736.51 || 754.07
|-
| 2014 || 316,415.79 || 1,320.72
|-
| 2015 || 315,319.02 || 1,096.77
|-
| 2016 || 313,677.52 || 1,641.50
|-
| 2017 || 311,884.91 || 1,792.61
|-
| 2018 || 310,631.96 || 1,252.95
|-
| 2019 || 309,472.92 || 1,159.04
|-
| 2020 || 308,164.38 || 1,308.54
|-
| 2021 || 306,906.85 || 1,257.53
|-
| 2022 || 305,764.62 || 1,142.23
|-
| 2023 || 304,397.49 || 1,367.13
|-
| 2024 || 303,137.05 || 1,260.44
|}

==Results==

Deforestation has affected the lives of wild animals and birds including bats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deforestation Serious Threat to Bats in India|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/travel/Deforestation-Serious-Threat-to-Bats-in-India/2015/08/20/article2984280.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821033507/http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/travel/Deforestation-Serious-Threat-to-Bats-in-India/2015/08/20/article2984280.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=20 August 2015|agency=Indian Express}}</ref> Birds like sparrows, pigeons and crows are becoming rarer due to deforestation. Due to deforestation, India is facing water problems in urban cities and villages.

==REDD+ forest reference level and monitoring==
India has made submissions under the [[UNFCCC]] [[REDD+]] framework, including a National REDD+ Strategy, a [[Cancún safeguards|safeguards information summary]] and a national [[forest reference level]] (FRL) that has undergone a UNFCCC technical assessment.<ref name="UNFCCC_IND_REDD_Submissions">{{cite web |title=India – REDD+ submissions (country detail) |url=https://redd.unfccc.int/submissions/by-country/country_detail/ind.html |website=REDD+ Web Platform |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="UNFCCC_TAR_IND_2018">{{cite report |title=Report on the technical assessment of the proposed forest reference level of India submitted in 2018 |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |date=29 October 2018 |id=FCCC/TAR/2018/IND |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tar2017_IND.pdf}}</ref> The UNFCCC REDD+ Web Platform lists India’s forest monitoring system as “not reported” as a standalone submission for the 2018 documentation, although monitoring information is discussed within the FRL documentation.<ref name="UNFCCC_IND_REDD_Submissions"/>

In 2018 India submitted a national FRL covering the REDD+ activity “[[Sustainable forest management|sustainable management of forests]]”. The FRL is based on the average annual carbon stock increment associated with a net increase in forest area over the 2000–2008 reference period, using satellite-derived forest cover assessments for 2000, 2004 and 2008 and emission factors drawing on national forest inventory data and [[Forest Survey of India]] studies. The UNFCCC technical assessment reported an assessed FRL of −49,700,000 tonnes of [[Carbon dioxide equivalent|carbon dioxide equivalent]] (t CO2 eq) per year.<ref name="UNFCCC_TAR_IND_2018"/><ref name="India_FRL_2018_Sub">{{cite report |title=India’s proposed submission on forest reference levels for REDD+ result based payments under UNFCCC |author=Government of India; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; Forest Survey of India |date=2018 |url=https://redd.unfccc.int/files/2018_frel_submission_india.pdf |type=UNFCCC submission}}</ref><ref name="India_FRL_2018_Mod">{{cite report |title=India’s proposed modified submission on forest reference levels for REDD+ result based payments under UNFCCC |author=Government of India; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; Forest Survey of India |date=2018 |url=https://redd.unfccc.int/files/modified_submission_of_frl_02_november_2018.pdf |type=UNFCCC submission (modified)}}</ref>

For this FRL, India applied a forest definition of lands larger than 1 hectare with tree canopy density above 10% irrespective of ownership or legal status (including orchards, bamboo and palm). The FRL includes all five carbon pools (above- and below-ground biomass, deadwood, litter and [[Soil organic carbon|soil organic carbon]]) and reports only CO2. The UNFCCC technical assessment noted that the information provided was only partially transparent and not complete, and identified areas for future technical improvement.<ref name="UNFCCC_TAR_IND_2018"/><ref name="India_FRL_2018_Sub"/><ref name="India_FRL_2018_Mod"/>

== See also ==
* [[Environmental issues in India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Deforestation and desertification|state=expanded}}
{{Deforestation}}
{{Human impact on the environment}}
{{Portal bar|India|Environment|Ecology|Earth sciences|Biology}}

[[Category:Deforestation by region|India]]
[[Category:Forestry in India]]
[[Category:Environmental issues in India]]

Tirupati Rural mandal

2026-03-08T09:09:03Z

HungHanks23355:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tirupati Rural mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|33|50|N|79|22|58|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Tiruchanur]], [[Tirupati]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=":0" />{{Rp|p=3}}
| area_total_km2 = 112
| population_total = 117445
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pp=XXIX, 7}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| population_urban = 66974
| population_rural = 50471
| leader_party = [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = Arani Sreenivasulu
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]
| leader_name1 = Dr.M.Gurumoorthy
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining mandal}}
}}

'''Tirupati Rural mandal''' is one of the 36 [[mandal]]s in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is under the administration of [[Tirupati revenue division]] and the headquarters are located at [[Tirupati]].

== History ==
The mandal was a part of Chittoor district and was made a part of the newly formed [[Tirupati district]] on 4 April 2022 as part of reorganisation of the districts in the state by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The mandal is bounded by [[Chandragiri mandal]], [[Ramachandrapuram mandal, Tirupati district|Ramachandrapuram mandal]], [[Renigunta mandal]], [[Tirupati (urban) mandal]] and [[Vadamalapeta mandal]].<ref name="map">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Part-III District and Sub-district [Mandals] Guntur to Chittoor [7 Districts] |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223154356/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2022 |access-date=24 September 2022 |publisher=[[Census of India]] |page=451}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{bar box|title=Religions in Tirupati (rural) mandal (2011)|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|95.71}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|3.45}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christians]]|dodgerblue|0.56}}
{{bar percent|Others or not stated|black|0.28}}|caption=Distribution of religions<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pp=30, 32, 34}}|float=right}}{{As of|2011|alt=As per 2011 census}}, the mandal had a total population of 117,445 with 59,449 male population and 57,996 female population with a density of {{Pop density|117445|112|km2|prec=0}}. It had a [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 976. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] made up 18,934 and 3,933 of the population respectively. It had a literacy rate of 75.74% with 82.62% among males and 68.72% among females.<ref name=":0">{{Cite report |url=https://core.ap.gov.in/cmdashboard/Download/Publications/DHB/Chittoor%20-%202018.pdf |title=Hand book of Statistics Chittoor district 2018 |date=2018 |pages=XXIX, XXXIII, 3, 5, 7, 30, 32, 34, 62 |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=XXIX, XXXIII, 3, 5|page=}}

== Administration ==
The mandal is a part of the [[Tirupati revenue division]].<ref name=":1" /> The headquarters are located at [[Tirupati]].<ref name="map" /> {{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal comprises the following villages:{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# Avilala
# Brahmana Pattu
# C.Mallavaram
# Cherlopalle
# Chiguruwada
# Durga Samudram
# Gandhipuram
# Gollapalle
# Kuntrapakam
# Kupu Chandrapeta
# Lingeshwar Nagar
# Mallam Gunta
# Mangalam
# Mundlapudi
# Oteru
# Padipeta
# Padhmavathipuram
# Paidipalle
# Patha Kalva
# Perumallapalle
# Perur
# Pudipatla
# Ramanujapalle
# Ranadheerpuram
# Sainagar
# Sapthagiri Colony
# Settipalle
# Srinivasapuram
# Thanapalle
# Thummala Gunta
# [[Tiruchanur]]
# Tirumala Nagar
# Vedanthapuram
# Venkatapathi Nagar
}}

* ''Source: Election Commission 2021 (Villages)''<ref name="sub2">{{cite web |title=Sub-District Details of East Godavari District |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913101654/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=23 |archivedate=13 September 2014 |accessdate=13 September 2014 |publisher=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2022}}

* ''Source: Revenue Department of AP<ref>{{cite web |title=Tirupati (rural) mandal villages |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/chittoor.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214094218/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/chittoor.pdf |archivedate=14 December 2014 |accessdate=13 September 2014 |publisher=apland.ap.nic.in}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2022}}''

== Politics ==
The mandal is one of the [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly#Tirupati district|2 mandals]] under [[Tirupati Assembly constituency]], which in turn is a part of [[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. {{As of|2018|1|1}}, the mandal has 92,775 eligible voters with 46,173 male and 46,602 female voters.<ref name=":02">{{Cite report |url=https://core.ap.gov.in/cmdashboard/Download/Publications/DHB/Chittoor%20-%202018.pdf |title=Hand book of Statistics Chittoor district 2018 |date=2018 |pages=XXXIII, 3, 5, 30, 32, 34, 62 |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>{{Rp|page=XXXIII}} Aarani Srinivasulu is representing the Tirupati constituency as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) in [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], and Dr.M.Gurumurthy is representing the Tirupati constituency as the [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) in [[Lok Sabha]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tirupati topics}}
{{Tirupati district}}{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Tirupati]]
[[Category:Mandals in Tirupati district]]

Wildlife of Karnataka

2026-03-06T06:53:35Z

HungHanks23355: Made new stub

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
[[File:Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Indian roller]] (''Coracias benghalensis''), the state bird]]
[[File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Young sapling of sandalwood (''[[Santalum album]]''), the state tree]]
The state of [[Karnataka]] in [[South India]] has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km2 which constitutes 55% of the geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant population and 20% of the tiger population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are still unexplored and new species of flora and fauna are still found.

The mountains of the [[Western Ghats]] in the western region of Karnataka are a biodiversity hotspot. Two sub-clusters of the Western Ghats, Talacauvery and Kudremukh, are on a tentative list of sites that could be designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The Bandipur and Nagarahole national parks which fall outside these subclusters were included in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. In the Biligiriranga Hills the Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats.

The state bird and state animal of Karnataka are Indian roller and the Indian elephant. The state tree and state flower are sandalwood (''Santalum album'') and lotus. Karnataka is home to 524 tigers (around 12% of tigers in world).

==National parks==
[[File:Nelumbo nucifera1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]], the state flower]]
[[File:Tusker at Nagarahole wildlife sanctuary.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Lone [[Indian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus indicus''), the state animal, in [[Nagarahole National Park]]]]
[[File:Panthera tigris.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''). Karnataka has around 10% of the tiger population in India]]
[[File:DodaAladaMara.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Dodda Alada Mara]], a giant 400-year-old [[Ficus benghalensis|banyan]] near [[Bangalore]]]]
[[File:Peacock at Bandipur National Park.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Pavo cristatus|Peacock]] (''Pavo cristatus'') in [[Bandipur National Park]]]]
[[File:Rhacophorus malabaricus flat.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The [[Malabar gliding frog]] (''Rhacophorus malabaricus'') found in the Western Ghats]]
[[File:Male Gaur (asiatic wild ox) at Nagarahole wildlife sanctuary.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Male [[gaur]] (''Bos gaurus'') in Nagarahole National Park]]

===Anshi National Park===
This park is present in the [[Uttara Kannada]] district and spreads over an area of 250 km2. The elevation varies from {{convert|27 to 937|m|ft|0}}, and temperatures from 15.5 °C to 45 °C. Average annual rainfall is about {{convert|4700|mm|in|0}} .

*'''Flora:'''<ref name="book">''A Walk on the Wild Side, An Information Guide to National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Karnataka'', Compiled and Edited by Dr. Nima Manjrekar, Karnataka Forest Department, Wildlife Wing, October 2000</ref> The area has semi-evergreen and [[evergreen]] forests. Some common tree species in the area are ''[[Calophyllum]] tomentosa'', ''[[Calophyllum]] wightianum'', ''[[Garcina]] cambogia'', ''[[Garcina]] morealla'', ''[[Knema]] attenuata'', ''[[Hopea ponga]]'', ''[[Tetrameles]] nudiflora'', ''[[Alstonia]] scholaris'', ''[[Flacourtia]] [[Flacourtia montana|montana]]'', ''[[Machilis]] macarantha'', ''[[Carallia]] brachiata'', ''[[Artocarpus]] hirsutus'', ''[[Artocarpus]] lacoocha'' and ''[[Cinnamomum]] zeylanicum''.
*'''Fauna:'''<ref name="book" /> Mammals in the park include [[Indian elephant]], [[gaur]], [[wild boar]], [[Sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[chevrotain]], [[muntjac]], [[chital]], [[gray langur]], [[bonnet macaque]], [[slender loris]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[jungle cat]], [[Indian leopard]], [[leopard cat]], [[small Indian civet]], common mongoose, [[golden jackal]], [[dhole]], [[sloth bear]], [[Indian giant squirrel|Malabar giant squirrel]], [[grizzled giant squirrel]], [[Indian giant flying squirrel]], and [[Indian crested porcupine]]. [[King cobra]], [[Pythonidae|python]], [[cobra]], [[rat snake]], [[Viperidae|viper]] and [[krait]] are among the snakes that inhabit the park. Interesting birds include the [[great hornbill]], [[Malabar pied hornbill]] and [[Ceylon frogmouth]].

===Bandipur National Park===
{{main|Bandipur National Park}}
The park is within [[Gundlupet]] taluk of [[Chamarajanagar District]] covering over 800 km2 and adjoins the states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. In 1973, Bandipur became one of the first of India's tiger reserves and became a part of [[Project Tiger]]. In 1977, an intention was declared under the Wildlife Protection Act to notify it as a [[national park]].

*'''Flora:'''<ref name="book" /> The scrub jungles towards the eastern limits of the park consist of stunted trees, interspersed with bushes and open grassy patches. Towards its north-western fringes, there is a gradual shift in the vegetation from open dry [[deciduous]] forests to tropical mixed deciduous forests. These diverse habitats support an enormous diversity of animal life.
*'''Fauna:'''<ref name="book" /> The mammals found here are [[Indian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus indicus''), [[gaur]] (''Bos gaurus''), sambar (''[[Cervus unicolor]]''), chital or spotted deer (''[[Axis axis]]''), muntjac (''[[Muntiacus muntjak]]'') or barking deer, mouse deer (''[[Moschiola indica]]''), bonnet macaque (''[[Macaca radiata]]''), slender loris (''[[Loris tardigradus]]''), [[red giant flying squirrel]] (''[[Petaurista petaurista]]''), [[Bengal tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''), [[Indian leopard]] (''Panthera pardus''), common palm civet (''[[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]]''), small Indian civet (''[[Viverricula indica]]''), sloth bear (''[[Melursus ursinus]]''), dhole or Asiatic wild dog (''[[Cuon alpinus]]''), [[golden jackal]] (''Canis aureus''), ruddy mongoose (''[[Herpestes smithii]]''), [[smooth-coated otter]] (''Lutrogale perspicillata''), Indian pangolin (''[[Manis crassicaudata]]''). Among the 230 species<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysorenature.org/mysorenature/birds-of-mysore-area|title = Mysore Nature - Birds of Mysore Area}}</ref> of birds identified, important groups include herons, storks, egrets, ducks, kites, eagles, [[falcon]]s, [[quail]]s, [[partridge]]s, wildfowl, [[lapwing]]s, [[sandpiper]]s, pigeons, doves, [[parakeet]]s, cuckoos, owls, [[nightjar]]s, [[Swift (bird)|swift]]s, [[kingfisher]]s, bee-eaters and [[munia]]s. Reptiles like marsh crocodile (''[[Crocodylus palustris]]''), Indian pond terrapin, starred tortoise (''[[Geochelone elegans]]''), common Indian monitor (''[[Varanus bengalensis]]''), Indian chameleon (''[[Chamaeleo zeylanicus]]''), skinks (''[[Mabuya]] ''spp.), geckos (''[[Hemidactylus]]''), common rat snake (''[[Ptyas mucosus]]''), [[Indian cobra]] (''Naja naja''), Russell's viper (''[[Daboia russelli]]''), [[common krait]] (''Bungarus caeruleus''), Indian python (''[[Python molurus]]''), checkered keelback, green whip snake, common Indian bronzeback (''[[Dendrelaphis tristis]]'') and trinket snake (''[[Elaphe helena]]'') are found here

=== Bannerghatta National Park ===
The park is in [[Bengaluru urban district]] and [[Kanakapura]] taluk of [[Ramanagara]] district covers over 260.51 km2 of area. Elevation varies from {{convert|740 to 1034 |m|ft|0}}, temperature from 20 to 35 °C and the average annual rainfall is {{convert|700|mm|in|0}}.

*'''Flora:'''<ref name="book" /> The area has dry [[deciduous]] forests and thorny shrubs, with patches of moist[deciduous forests along the streams. Tree species in the park include ''[[Anogeissus]] latifolia'', ''[[Schleichera]] '', ''[[Terminalia tomentosa]]'', ''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'', ''[[Grewia]] tilaefolia'', ''[[Santalum]] album'', ''[[Shorea]] talura'', ''[[Emblica]] officinalis'', ''[[Vitex]] altissima'', ''[[Wrightia]] tinctoria'', ''[[Randia (plant)|Randia]]'' sp., ''[[Ziziphus]]'' sp. and ''[[Albizzia]]'' sp. Bamboos are common in the park, the dominant species being ''[[Dendrocalamus]] strictus''. A small area of the park has plantations of ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Bauhinia]] purpurea'', ''[[Samanea]] saman'' and ''[[Peltophorum]] pterocarpum''.
*'''Fauna:'''<ref name="book" /> Mammals in the park include Indian leopard, gaur, Indian elephant, golden jackal, fox, wild boar, sloth bear, sambar, spotted deer, barking deer, common langur, bonnet macaque, Indian crested porcupine and hare. A Bengal tiger was sighted in the park.

===Kudremukh National Park===
Spread over an area of 600.32 km2, it encompasses regions in the districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Udupi district|Udupi]] and [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikmagalur]]. Altitude varies from {{convert|134 to 1892|m|ft|0}}. The park has a pleasant climate, with temperatures ranging from 17 to 28 °C. Annual rainfall varies from {{convert|1778 to 6350|mm|in|0}}, with an average of {{convert|4000|mm|in|0}}. The rivers Nethravati, [[Tunga River|Tunga]] and [[Bhadra River|Bhadra]] are believed to originate here at Ganga Moola.

*'''Flora:'''<ref name="book" /> The park has mostly [[evergreen]] and semi-evergreen forests. [[Shola]] grassland habitat is found at elevations above {{convert|1400|m|ft|0}}. Evergreen trees include ''[[Poeciloneuron]] indicum'', ''[[Holigarna]] arnottiana'', ''[[Artocarpus]]'' sp., ''[[Calophyllum]]'' sp., ''[[Alstonia scholaris]]'', ''[[Canarium]] strictum'', ''[[Syzygium]] cumini'', ''[[Flacourtia]] [[Flacourtia montana|montana]]'', ''[[Symplocos]] spicata'', ''[[Hopea]] parviflora'', ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'' and ''[[Evodia]]roxburghiana''. There are also a few plantations of ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Casuarina]]'' and ''[[Acacia auriculiformis]]''.
*'''Fauna:'''<ref name="book" /> Mammals in the park include [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[dhole]], [[golden jackal]], [[lion-tailed macaque]], common langur, [[sloth bear]], [[gaur]], [[Sambar (deer)|sambar]], spotted deer, barking deer, Malabar giant squirrel, Indian giant flying squirrel, Indian crested porcupine and mongoose. Reptiles are represented by snakes and tortoises. Bird species in the park include the [[Malabar trogon]], [[great hornbill]], [[Malabar whistling thrush]] and [[Imperial-pigeon|imperial pigeon]].

===Nagarahole National Park===
Also known as Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park, the park gets its name from the ''Nagara Hole'' (''Snake River'' in Kannada) which runs eastwards through its centre. Nagarahole river flows through the park before it joins the [[Kabini]] river that also acts as a boundary between Nagarahole and Bandipur. The park covers an area of about 575 km2. The [[Wayanad]] Wildlife Sanctuary of Kerala adjoins to the Southeast.
*Flora:<ref name="book" /> These forests are dominated by [[teak]] and [[rosewood]]. The eastern limits of the park consist of regenerating dry deciduous forests. The west region of the park contains tropical moist and semi-evergreen forests. Interspersed with these forests are swampy fallows called ''hadlus'', which are dominated by grasses and are favoured grazing areas of many wild herbivores.
*Fauna:<ref name="book" /> Some of the species of mammals found in this park are [[Indian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus indicus''), gaur (''[[Bos gaurus]]''), sambar (''[[Cervus unicolor]]''), chital or spotted deer or axis deer (''[[Axis axis]]''), muntjac or barking deer (''[[Muntiacus muntjak]]''), chevrotain or mouse deer (''[[Moschiola indica]]''), four horned antelope (''[[Tetracerus quadricornis]]''), giant fruit bat (''[[Pteropus giganteus]]''), [[Bengal tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''), [[Indian leopard]] (''Panthera pardus''), leopard cat (''[[Felis bengalensis]]''), jungle cat (''[[Felis chaus]]''), rusty spotted cat (''[[Felis rubiginosa]]''), common palm civet (''[[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]]''), small Indian civet (''[[Viverricula indica]]''), sloth bear (''[[Melursus ursinus]]''), dhole or Asiatic wild dog (''[[Cuon alpinus]]'') and flying fox (''[[Pteropus giganteus]]''), the largest Indian bat. Among the 300 species<ref name="mysorenature.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/kodagu-coorg-sector/bird-checklist |title=Bird Checklist - Mysore Nature |website=www.mysorenature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618045940/http://www.mysorenature.org/kodagu-coorg-sector/bird-checklist |archive-date=2012-06-18}}</ref> of birds identified in this park include herons, storks, egrets, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons, partridges, quails, peafowl, owls, lapwings, sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, nightjars, swifts, kingfishers, bee-eaters, barbets, swallows, larks, woodpeckers, shrikes and orioles. Reptiles include marsh crocodile (''[[Crocodylus palustris]]''), Indian pond terrapin, star tortoise, common Indian monitor lizard (''[[Varanus bengalensis]]''), forest calotes, southern green calotes, skinks (''[[Mabuya]]'' spp.), geckos, spectacled cobra, [[Russell's viper]], common krait, Indian python (''[[Python molurus]]''), checkered keelback, green whip snake, common Indian bronzeback, flying snake, wolf snake and trinket snake.

==Wildlife sanctuaries==

[[File:Doppelhornvogel-09.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The [[great Indian hornbill]] (''Buceros bicornis''), found in the forests of Karnataka]]
[[File:Spotbilled pelican.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Spot-billed pelican]], (''Pelecanus philippensis''), a bird found in the bird sanctuaries of Karnataka]]
[[File:Rufous babbler.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Rufous babbler]] (''Turdoides subrufus'') at Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]]

Karnataka has 19 wildlife sanctuaries:

*[[Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary|Kaveri Wildlife Sanctuary]] is spread over three districts; Chamarajanagar, Mandya and Ramanagara. The sanctuary was originally notified in 1987 with an area of about 510 km2 . Subsequently it was expanded by adding more forest areas in stages, and its present extent is 1,027 km2. Cauvery wildlife division has two sub-divisions, namely, Hanur and Kanakapura sub-divisions, and consists of seven ranges, namely, Kothnur, Hanur, Cowdally, Gopinatham, Halagur, Sangam and Muggur ranges. The sanctuary provides a vital link between Bannerghatta National Park in the north and BRT Tiger Reserve and MM Hills Wildlife Sanctuary in the south. The area is drained by three rivers, namely, Cauvery, Arkavathi and Shimsha, along with their numerous rivulets. The forest is primarily of dry deciduous and scrub types, but a wide range of forest types including moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen, shola, riverine, Hardwickia forest, etc. are encountered at different altitudes. Important animals found in the sanctuary are tiger, elephant, leopard, bison, wild dog, sambar, spotted deer, barking deer, sloth bear, wild boar, common langur, bonnet macaque, giant squirrel, honey badger (ratel), chevrotain, kollegal ground gecko, varieties of reptiles and birds and many.
*Adichunchanagiri Wildlife Sanctuary,<ref>[http://www.mysorenature.org/adichunchanagiri-wildlife-sanctuary Adichunchanagiri Wildlife Sanctuary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007080055/http://www.mysorenature.org/adichunchanagiri-wildlife-sanctuary |date=2014-10-07 }}</ref> in [[Mandya district]], is spread over {{convert|0.88|km2}}. It was created mainly for the conservation of peacocks. It also houses nearly 250 other species of birds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/bird-checklist |title=Bird Checklist - Mysore Nature |website=www.mysorenature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425151604/http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/bird-checklist |archive-date=2012-04-25}}</ref>
*Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary<ref>[http://www.mysorenature.org/hunsur-sector Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019020226/http://www.mysorenature.org/hunsur-sector |date=2012-10-19 }}</ref> is in [[Mysore district]] and is spread over {{convert|13.5|km2}}. This park consists of eucalyptus and sandalwood plantations. Leopard, fox and spotted deer are found here. Also around 230 species of birds have been observed here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/hunsur-sector/bird-checklist |title=Bird Checklist - Mysore Nature |website=www.mysorenature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509091213/http://www.mysorenature.org/hunsur-sector/bird-checklist |archive-date=2012-05-09}}</ref>
*[[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Chamarajanagar district]] and is spread over {{convert|539.58|km2}}. Some of the species of flora found here are ''Anogeissus latifolia'', ''Grewia tilaefolia'' and ''Syzygium cumini''. Mammals include elephants, tigers, leopards, sloth bear, gaur, barking deer and sambar. Among the 215 species of birds are the Nilgiri wood pigeon, Malabar whistling thrush, yellow-throated bulbul, peregrine falcon, rufous-bellied hawk-eagle. An endangered amphibian, ''Icthyophis ghytinosus'' has been reported in the sanctuary.
*[[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]] is between [[Chikkamagaluru]] and [[Shimoga]] districts and is spread over {{convert|492.46|km2}}. Common species of flora include ''Lagerstromia lanceolata'', ''[[Adina cordifolia]]'' and ''Careya arborea''. Mammals include tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur, slender loris and pangolin. Among the bird species found here are ruby-throated bulbul, shama, Malabar whistling thrush and paradise flycatcher.
*[[Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Kodagu]] district and is spread over an area of {{convert|181.80|km2}}. The evergreen forests include species like ''Cinnamomum zeylancium'', ''Cedrela toona'' and ''Alstonia scholaris''. Bamboos are dominant and include species like ''Bambusa bambos'' and ''Dendrocalamus strictus''. Mammals include elephant, gaur, tiger, jungle cat, bonnet macaque and Nilgiri marten.<ref name="book" /> Also around 300 species<ref name="mysorenature.org" /> of birds have been observed here: It is spread across the districts of [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]] and [[Mandya]] and is spread over {{convert|1,027.53|km2}}. Dry deciduous trees found in this park include species like ''Terminalia arjuna'' and ''Syzgium cumini''. Animal species found in this park include leopard, elephant, sambar and common otter. This is also one of the last refuge of the highly endangered grizzled giant squirrel in Karnataka. Also around 300 species<ref name="mysorenature.org" /> of birds have been observed here. This sanctuary is also famous for mahseer fish (''[[Tor (fish)|Tor]]'' species).
*[[Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Uttara Kannada]] district and is spread over {{convert|475.02|km2}}. Common tree species found here are ''[[Dalbergia latifolia]]'', ''Terminalia paniculata'', ''T. tomentosa'' and ''Vitex altissima''. Mammal species include elephant, gaur, wild boar, slender loris, Malabar giant squirrel and barking deer.
*[[Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary]] is in [[Bellary district]] and is spread over {{convert|82.72|km2}}. This sanctuary was mainly created for the conservation of sloth bears.
*Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over 906 square kilometres (349.8 sq mi), MM Hills wildlife sanctuary came to being on 7 May 2013. Contiguous with BRT Tiger Reserve and Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, the sanctuary boasts of tiger, elephant, leopard, dhole, sambar, barking deer and others. The sanctuary is in Chamarajanagar district, Kollegala taluk.
*[[Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/melkote/melkote-temple-wildlife-sanctuary |title=Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary - Mysore Nature |access-date=2012-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193411/http://www.mysorenature.org/melkote/melkote-temple-wildlife-sanctuary |archive-date=2013-10-29 }}</ref> is in [[Mandya district]] and is spread over {{convert|45.82|km2}}. An endangered species of flora, ''[[Cycas circinalis]]'' is found here. Mammal species include wolf, leopard, blackbuck and pangolin. Also around 230 species<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/melkote/bird-checklist |title=Bird Checklist - Mysore Nature |website=www.mysorenature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331162312/http://www.mysorenature.org/melkote/bird-checklist |archive-date=2012-03-31}}</ref> of birds have been observed.
*[[Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Udupi district]] and is spread over {{convert|370.37|km2}}. Some of the tree species found here are ''Dipterocarpus indicus'', ''Calophyllum tomentosum'' and ''Hopea parviflora''. An endangered species of climber ''[[Coscinium fenestratum]]'' has been recorded here. Slender loris, lion-tailed macaque, sambar and chital are some of the animals found here. The endangered cane turtle is also found here.
*Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary is in [[Mysore district]] and is spread over {{convert|30.32|km2}}. Common species of flora include ''Emblica officinalis'', ''Santalum album'' and ''Dendrocalamus strictus''. Mammals include elephant, gaur, leopard, spotted deer and common palm civet.
*[[Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Kodagu]] district and is spread over {{convert|102.59|km2}}. Some species of flora found here are ''[[Hopea parviflora]]'', ''[[Heptapleurum capitatum]]'', ''Xanthalis tomentosa'' and ''Ochlandra rheedii''. Mammals include elephant, tiger, slender loris, Nilgiri marten and bonnet macaque. Around 230 species of birds have been observed.<ref name="mysorenature.org" /> Bird species include great pied hornbill, Malabar trogon and Nilgiri blackbird.
*[[Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary]] is in [[Haveri district]] and is spread over {{convert|119.00|km2}}. Eucalyptus is the dominant tree. ''[[Cassia fistula]]'', ''[[Prosopis juliflora]]'' and ''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]'' are also present. This sanctuary was created mainly for the conservation of blackbucks. This sanctuary is also a habitat for the endangered [[great Indian bustard]].
*[[Sharavathi LTM Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Shimoga district]] and is spread over {{convert|431.23|km2}}. ''[[Dipterocarpus indicus]]'', ''[[Caryota urens]]'' and ''[[Dillenia pentagyna]]'' are some of the species of plants found here. Tiger, leopard, mouse deer, bonnet macaque and common langur are some of the animal species found here. Snakes are commonly found here. Paradise flycatcher, racket-tailed drongo and blue-throated barbet are some of the bird species found here.
*[[Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Shimoga district]] and is spread over {{convert|395.60|km2}}. ''[[Cassia fistula]]'', ''[[Kydia calycina]]'' and ''[[Wrightia tinctoria]]'' are some of the species of plants found here. Tiger, leopard, bonnet macaque and Malabar giant squirrel are some of the animal species found here.
*[[Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Udupi district]] and is spread over {{convert|88.40|km2}}. ''[[Machilus macrantha]]'', ''[[Lophopetalum wightanium]]'' and ''[[Artocarpus hirsuta]]'' are some of the species of plants found here. Tiger, leopard, lion-tailed macaque and spotted deer are some of the animal species found here.
*[[Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary]] is in [[Kodagu district]] and is spread over {{convert|105.00|km2}}. ''[[Albizzia lebbek]]'', ''[[Artocarpus lakoocha]]'', ''[[Dysoxylum malabaricum]]'' and ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'' are some of the species of plants found here. Clawless otter, elephant, tiger, striped-necked mongoose and mouse deer are some of the animal species found here. Also around 300 species of birds have been observed here.<ref name="mysorenature.org" /> Fairy bluebird, Malabar trogon and broadbill roller are some of the avian species found.
*[[Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve]] is the country's first otter conservation reserve near [[Hampi]].

== Bird sanctuaries ==
[[File:Painted Stork pair at Ranganathittu bird sanctuary.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A pair of [[painted stork]]s (''Mycteria leucocephala'') in [[Ranganathittu]] Bird Sanctuary]]
[[File:Ceryle rudis.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Pied kingfisher]], (''Ceryle rudis''), in [[Ranganathittu]] Bird Sanctuary]]

*[[Attiveri Bird Sanctuary]] is in [[Uttara Kannada]] district and is spread over 2.23 km2. White ibis, little cormorant, pied kingfisher, common grey hornbill are found here.
*[[Gudavi Bird Sanctuary]] is in [[Shimoga district]] and is spread over 0.73 km2. The tree species that dominate this sanctuary are ''Vitex leucoxylon'' and ''Phyllanthus polyphyllus''. 191 species of birds are recorded here including white ibis, pheasant-tailed jacana, purple moorhen and little grebe.
*[[Ranganathittu]] Bird Sanctuary<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/ranganathittu-bird-sanctuary |title=Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary - Mysore Nature |website=www.mysorenature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509090621/http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/ranganathittu-bird-sanctuary |archive-date=2012-05-09}}</ref> is in [[Mandya district]] and is spread over 0.67 km2. Among the tree species found here, is the unique ''Iphigenia mysorensis''. Other tree species include ''Derris indica'' and ''Barringtonia racemosa''. This sanctuary houses nearly 170 birds.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Birds like cormorants, darter, white ibis, great stone plover, cliff swallow, spoonbills, lesser whistling teal roost here all through the year.
*[[Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary]]: It is near the little village Mandagadde which is 30 km from the [[Shimoga]] town and is based on a small island on the [[Tunga River]]. It is mainly visited by migratory birds like median egret (''[[Egretta intermedia]]''), the little cormorant (''[[Microcarbo niger]]''), and the darter or snake bird (''Aninga nufa'').<ref name="manda">A brief overview of Mandagadde bird sanctuary is provided by {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/08/21/stories/0421210n.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161736/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/08/21/stories/0421210n.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 September 2007|title=Will floods prevent seasonal migration of 'alien' birds?|author=Pramod Mellegatti|work=The Hindu |date=2001-08-21 |access-date=2007-05-08}}</ref>
*[[Kaggaladu]] Heronry is in [[Tumkur district]] and is one of the largest painted stork sanctuaries in South India. Some of the birds that nest here are painted storks, grey herons, pelicans, black stilts and ducks.
*[[Kokrebellur]] Pelicanry<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/kokkare-bellur |title=Kokkare Bellur - Mysore Nature |access-date=2012-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617095216/http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/kokkare-bellur |archive-date=2012-06-17 }}</ref> is in the town of Kokkare Bellur in [[Mandya district]] and is a haven for avian species like grey or spot-billed pelican (''Pelecanus philippensis'') and painted stork (''Mycteria leucocephala''). In fact the word ''kokkare'' means stork in the [[Kannada]] language. Apart from pelicans and storks, 250 species of birds have been sighted here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/kokkare-bellur/environ |title=Environ - Mysore Nature |access-date=2012-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618050016/http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/kokkare-bellur/environ |archive-date=2012-06-18 }}</ref><ref name="kb">A description of Kokkare Bellur has been provided by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/15/stories/2006021509750400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904154911/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/15/stories/2006021509750400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-09-04|title=Lending a helping hand|author=Sharath S. Srivatsa|access-date=2007-05-08|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-02-15}}</ref>
*[[Magadi Bird Sanctuary]]: Magadi Bird Sanctuary created at the Magadi tank, in Magadi village of Shirahatti Taluk, [[Gadag district]]. It is one of the biodiversity hotspots in North Karnataka. From Gadag it is 26 km, it is on Gadag-Bangalore Road, from Shirahatti it is 8 km, and from Lakshmeshwara 11 km. Bar-headed goose is one of the bird migrates to Magadi wetlands of Gadag district. Normally birds eat fish, amphibians, molluscs, snakes etc., but migratory birds eating agricultural produce is both interesting and curious too. Winter habitat is on cultivation, it feeds on barley, rice and wheat and damage crops.
*[[Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary]] is in [[Haveri district]] and spread over an area of {{convert|139.10|acre|km2}}. This sanctuary was created mainly for the conservation of peacocks.
*[[Bonal Bird Sanctuary]] is about 10 km from [[Shorapur]] city in [[Yadgir district]].
*[[Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary]] is in [[Ramanagara]] and is home of the critically endangered long-billed vulture (''Gyps indicus'').
* Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary is in [[Belgaum district]] and is spread over {{convert|20.78|km2}}. This sanctuary is known for migratory birds like demoiselle crane and European white stork.

== Dangers to flora and fauna ==
Flora and fauna in Karnataka are threatened. Issues include poaching, human–wildlife conflict, [[habitat destruction]], pollution and introduction of invasive species.

=== Poaching ===
Despite the best efforts of conservation activists, [[poaching]] remains one of the serious problems affecting the flora and fauna in the state. Between 1997 and 2001, a 98 elephants were poached in Karnataka.<ref name="env">A report on the environment of Karnataka and action plan thereof is discussed by {{cite web|url=http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/hpg/envis/ETR/CES_ETR/etr16.pdf|title=Karnataka State of Environment Report and Action Plan, Biodiversity Sector|author=Madhav Gadgil|work=ENVIS Technical Report 16|publisher=Environmental Information System, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore|access-date=2007-05-08|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Poaching has also affected the breeding of turtles like [[olive ridley]] on the beaches of [[Karnataka]] as well as [[otters]] on the river banks. Tigers are also another species that are threatened by poachers.<ref name="nagpoa">Poaching of a tiger in Nagarhole National Park is mentioned by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/03/stories/2006040308950400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608073923/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/03/stories/2006040308950400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-06-08|title= Tigers falling victim to 'poor' anti-poaching drive|access-date=2007-05-08|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-04-03}}</ref> [[Sandalwood]], famed for its sculptures and its aroma, is frequently poached out of the forests of Karnataka. [[Teakwood]], famed for furniture, is another species affected by this problem. Staff shortage, lack of adequate funds and unscientific anti-poaching camps are some of the reasons quoted for continued poaching activities.<ref name="nagpoa" />

===Habitat destruction===
Some of the activities that are causing a destruction of habitat of flora and fauna in Karnataka are:
* Construction of [[dam]]s and [[reservoir]]s: Construction of dams causes widespread flooding of surrounding areas causing destruction of species that inhabit the area. They also affect riverine species like fishes and disrupt their normal habits. An example is the construction of the Linganamakki reservoir in [[Shimoga district]] that caused the extinction of the grass ''[[Hubbardia]] heptaneuron''.<ref name="env" />
* Destruction of forest land for agriculture and other purposes: Large tracts of forest land have been cleaned up for [[monoculture]] plantations of teak, coffee and rubber. This has led to the destruction of species that were dependent on the forest. An example of this is loss of habitats such as ''Myristica'' swamps and high altitude grasslands. In the dry zone, they have adversely affected several species dependent on large tracts of scrub such as the wolf and the [[great Indian bustard]].
* [[Mining]] operations: Mining operations clear out large areas of land and cause destruction to the species dependent on them. An example is the Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited which mined iron ore within the boundaries of the protected [[Kudremukh National Park]].<ref name="kudre">A brief description of mining at [[Kudremukh]] is provided by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400240400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040310214248/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400240400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-03-10|title=Battle for Kudremukh|author1=Praveen Bhargav |author2=Niren Jain |name-list-style=amp |access-date=2007-05-08|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-01-04}}</ref>

===Human–wildlife conflict===
Due to the loss of habitat, more and more species of fauna have started to venture into human habitation causing a conflict between humans and other animals. A typical species affected by this is the elephant which ventures out of the forest into human cultivations thereby eating or destroying the crops. In some cases, the elephants have also caused human deaths like an incident that happened in [[Hassan district]] where a villager was trampled to death.<ref name="eledest">Destruction caused by elephants in [[Hassan district]] is mentioned by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122507080400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103202858/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122507080400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-01-03|title=State seeks Centre's nod for translocating elephant herd|author=S. Rajendran|access-date=2007-05-08|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-12-25}}</ref> Precautionary measures (sometimes illegally) are taken by humans to prevent such mishaps like [[electric fencing]] have also led to disastrous consequences like [[electric shock|electrocution]] of fauna.<ref name="eledeath">Electrocution of an elephant in [[Chamarajanagar district]] is mentioned by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/02/stories/2007020214130300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217103809/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/02/stories/2007020214130300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-02-17|title=Elephant electrocuted|access-date=2007-05-08|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-02-02}}</ref>

===Pollution===
Release of industrial waste and human effluents into rivers have caused significant damage to species that reside in rivers and riverbanks. Air pollution is also a significant cause of concern in metros like Bangalore where it has been found that air pollution is discolouring foliage including those of ornamental plants.<ref name="airp">Air pollution in Bangalore discolouring plants in mentioned by {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/20953186.cms|title=Pollution is robbing blooms of their colour|author=Roja Kandath|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2007-05-08|date=2001-02-14}}</ref> A comparison of the lichen flora of the garden [[Lal Bagh]] in [[Bangalore]] has revealed that 18 of the 22 species noted in 1980 were no longer present in 1997.<ref name="env" /> Pollution in rivers like [[Kabini]], [[Kaveri]] and [[Ghataprabha]] has caused sharp reduction in populations of bird species, including beneficial insectivorous birds like drongos, as well as honeybees.<ref name="env" />

===Invasive species===
Introduction of new species into a habitat has caused serious consequences to the existing species. A typical example is the introduction of the African [[catfish]] (''[[Clarias]] gariepinus'') in the lakes and rivers of Karnataka. This is a carnivorous fish and has caused serious damage to the indigenous fauna.<ref name="env" /> Weeds like ''[[Chromolaena odoratissima|Eupatorium]]'', ''[[Lantana]]'' and ''[[Parthenium]]'' have invaded large tracts of land causing destruction. An increase in ''Eupatorium'' is attributed as one of the causes for the spread of the deadly [[Kyasanur forest disease]] (which has a morbidity rate of 10%) among humans since it harbours tick populations that are vectors for this disease.<ref name="env"/> ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' plantations in the [[Ranibennur]] [[blackbuck]] sanctuary have seriously harmed the extremely rare [[great Indian bustard]].<ref name="env"/>

==Conservation efforts==
Various conservation activities are in progress to protect the biodiversity present in Karnataka. These activities are mostly done by the Forest Department of the State of Karnataka and other voluntary organisations.

===Relocation of human population===
The presence of human habitation within the core area of reserved forests poses many problems like human–wildlife conflict and destruction of habitat due to agriculture and cattle grazing. Systematic efforts have been made to relocate some of this population into proper zones outside the protected area. An example is the relocation of some villagers from Bhagawathi and Nassehalla habitations within the Kudremukh National Park to safer regions outside it.<ref name="reloc">Relocation of villagers from Kudremukh National Park has been mentioned by {{cite web|title=Tiger Habitat Consolidation in Kudremukh |url=http://www.21stcenturytiger.org/projects/reports/Project8_Kudremukh_Tiger_Habitat_Consolidation_Web_Report.pdf |author=K. Ullas Karanth, Niren Jain and N. Samba Kumar |work=A Final Report to 21st Century Tiger from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) |publisher=[[21st Century Tiger]] |access-date=2007-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823122925/http://www.21stcenturytiger.org/projects/reports/Project8_Kudremukh_Tiger_Habitat_Consolidation_Web_Report.pdf |archive-date=2007-08-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Usage of technology===
New scientific methods are being used to protect the flora and fauna. Some of these are:
* Usage of satellites to detect forest fires so that they can easily be extinguished.<ref name="ff">Using satellites for detecting forest fires in Karnataka is mentioned by {{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr92005/state183822200548.asp|title=Eye-in-the-sky tech to combat forest fires|work=Deccan Herald |date=2005-04-09 |access-date=2007-05-08}}</ref>
* Radio tracking of animals and usage of techniques like remote camera sampling to estimate the animal population.<ref name="rt">Some conservation methods being used in Karnataka to protect flora and fauna are mentioned by {{cite web|url=http://www.wildlifefirst.info/images/wordfiles/tigersinindia.doc|title=Tigers in India A chance for survival|author=Shekar Dattatri |publisher=Wildlife First|access-date=2007-05-08}}</ref>
* Installation of wireless stations and using wireless sets for easy communication among individuals involved in field trips and anti-poaching activities.<ref name="rt" />

===Staff empowerment===
It is highly important to keep up the morale of forest wardens and other staff members involved in anti-poaching activities and field trips. It is also necessary to keep them up-to-date on the technology and wildlife related laws. The following steps were implemented to address this issue:<ref name="rt"/>
* Field kits were provided to the staff consisting of boots, rain gear and uniforms.
* Conservation related award programs were announced to boost the morale of the staff.
* Training programs were undertaken for the staff in the use of firearms against poachers, field craft and Indian wildlife laws

== Recently discovered species ==
Many areas of Karnataka, especially in the forests of [[Malnad]] region are unexplored and new species of flora and fauna are discovered periodically. Some of the new species of flora discovered in Karnataka include ''Paracautleya bhatii'' (a [[ginger]]) and ''Isachne veldkampii'' (a grass), both of which were discovered near [[Manipal]] in [[Udupi district]].<ref name="isoetes">Discovery of Isoetes udupiensis has been mentioned by {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/11/stories/2005051103830500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001011337/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/11/stories/2005051103830500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|title= New plant species found|access-date=2007-05-06|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2005-05-11}}</ref> Two species of algae, ''Cosmarium bourrellyi'' and ''Cosmarium desikacharyi'' were discovered in a paddy field in [[Belgaum]].<ref name="alga">Discovery of new algae species is mentioned by {{cite journal|title=New taxa of Cosmarium Corda (Desmidiaceae) from Karnataka State, India|doi=10.1007/BF00008169|author=U D Bongale |journal=Hydrobiologia|year=1989|volume=171|issue=2|pages=103–106|s2cid=42836704}}</ref> Other new species of flora discovered in Karnataka include ''Isoetes udupiensis''<ref name="isoetes"/> (a pteridophyte) and ''Pisolithus indicus'' (a [[fungus]]).<ref name="fungi">{{cite journal|title=Diversity in ectomycorrhizal fungi of a dipterocarp forest in Western Ghats|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jun252005/1893.pdf|author1=K. Natarajan |author2=G. Senthilarasu |author3=V. Kumaresan |author4=Taiana Riviere |journal=Current Science |volume=88 |issue=12 |date=25 June 2005 |access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref>

Some of the new species of fauna discovered include two species of ants, ''[[Dilobocondyla bangalorica]]'' which was discovered on the campus of [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Bangalore]]<ref name="ant">Discovery of a new species of ant in the IISc campus, Bangalore is discussed by {{cite journal|url=http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/thresi/pdf/Varghese_2006.pdf|author=Thresiamma Varghese|title=A new species of the ant genus ''Dilobocondyla'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India, with notes on its nesting behaviour Catalog of Fishes|journal=Oriental Insects |volume=40 |pages=23–32 |year=2006 |access-date=2007-05-07 |doi=10.1080/00305316.2006.10417454|s2cid=73664638}}</ref> and ''[[Discothyrea]] sringerensis'' which was discovered near [[Sringeri]].<ref name="antsri">Discovery of a new species of ant in [[Sringeri]] is discussed by {{cite journal|url=http://antbase.org/ants/publications/20286/20286.pdf|author1=Merry Zacharias |author2=Priyadarshanan Dharma Rajan |name-list-style=amp |title=Discothyrea sringerensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a new ant species from India|journal=Zootaxa |volume=484 |pages=1–4 |year=2004 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.484.1.1|access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref> Three new species of frogs; ''[[Philautus]] luteolus'', ''[[Philautus]] tuberohumerus''<ref name="philaut">{{cite news|author=Raviprasad Kamila|title= Two new species of frogs found|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022001180200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015115512/http://hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022001180200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-15|access-date=2007-05-06|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-02-20}}</ref> and ''[[Nyctibatrachus]] petraeus''<ref name="nyct">{{cite journal|url=http://www.bio.utexas.edu/grad/krushnamegh/Moorings/DasKunte05.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915121806/http://www.bio.utexas.edu/grad/krushnamegh/Moorings/DasKunte05.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-09-15 |title=New Species of Nyctibatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Castle Rock, Karnataka State, Southwest India |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages= 465–470 |year=2005 |author=Indraneil Das and Krushnamegh Kunte |access-date=2007-05-07 |doi=10.1670/198-04a.1|s2cid=86102955 }}</ref> have been discovered in Karnataka. Explorations in the [[Sharavathi]] river have yielded new fish species like ''[[Batasio sharavatiensis]]''<ref name="bata">Discovery of ''Batasio sharavatiensis'' has been mentioned by {{cite journal|author1=Anuradha Bhatt |author2=K.C. Jayaram |name-list-style=amp |date=February 2004 |journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=1339–1342|title=A new species of the genus BATASIO BLYTH (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from Sharavathi river, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka |doi=10.11609/jott.zpj.19.2.1339-42|doi-access=free }}</ref> (a [[bagrid catfish]]), ''[[Schistura]] nagodiensis''<ref name="schis">Details regarding new fishes of genus Schistura found in Sharavathi river is provided by {{cite journal|url=http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/twonew_fishes/Sreekantha%20et%20al.,%202006.pdf|author=Sreekantha, K.V.Gururaja, K.Remadevi, T.J.Indra, T.V. Ramachandra|title=Two new fish species of the genus ''Schistura'' Mcclelland (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from Western Ghats, India|journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=2211–2216 |date=April 2006 |access-date=2007-05-07 |doi=10.11609/jott.zpj.1386.2211-6|doi-access=free }}</ref> and ''[[Schistura]] sharavathiensis''. Another fish species, ''[[Puntius]] coorgensis''<ref name="punt">Details regarding ''Puntius coorgensis'' is provided by {{cite web|url=http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Eschmeyer/EschPiscesSummary.cfm?ID=55133|author=Jayaram (1982)|title=Catalog of Fishes|work=Pisces Reference|publisher=Fishbase|access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref> has been discovered near [[Bhagamandala]] in the [[Kaveri]] river. Some other species of fauna discovered in Karnataka include two species of [[whitefly|whiteflies]], ''[[Distinctaleyrodes]] setosus''<ref>Discovery of a new genus and species of whitefly is discussed by {{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01154p039f.pdf|author1=A.K. DUBEY |author2=R. SUNDARARAJ |name-list-style=amp |title=Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India|journal=Zootaxa |volume=1154 |pages=35–39 |year=2006 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1154.1.3|access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref> and ''[[Aleurocanthus]] arecae''<ref name="areca">Discovery of a whitefly in areca plantations is discussed by {{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/z00173f.pdf|author=B. VASANTHARAJ DAVID AND M. MANJUNATHA|title=A new species of Aleurocanthus Quaintance & Baker (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Areca catechu in India, with comments on the status of Aleurodes nubilans Buckton|journal=Zootaxa |volume=173 |pages=1–4 |year=2003 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.173.1.1|access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref>
and a [[caecilian]], ''[[Gegeneophis]] madhavai''.<ref name="caec">Discovery of a caecilian has been discussed by {{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00644f.pdf|author1=GOPALAKRISHNA BHATTA |author2=R. SRINIVASA |name-list-style=amp |title=A new species of Gegeneophis Peters (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the surroundings of Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India|journal=Zootaxa |volume=644 |pages=1–8 |year=2004 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.644.1.1|access-date=2007-05-07}}</ref> Explorations in the soil around the [[Linganamakki]] reservoir has revealed eleven new species of [[earthworm]]s.<ref name="ew">Discovery of new species of earthworms is mentioned by {{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00486f.pdf|author=Julka|title=New species of earthworms found in Western Ghats of Karnataka |journal=Zootaxa |volume=486 |pages=2 |access-date=2007-05-07|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

== Endangered species ==
[[File:Shorea roxburghii.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''[[Shorea roxburghii]]'', an endangered rainforest tree found in Karnataka]]
Karnataka is the home of few critically endangered species of flora that include [[evergreen]] trees like ''[[Dipterocarpus bourdilloni]]'', ''[[Hopea erosa]]'' and ''[[Hopea jacobi]]'', ''[[Croton lawianus]]'' (a small tree) and ''Pinnatella limbata'' (a type of [[moss]]). Some of the critically endangered species of fauna found in Karnataka include ''[[Gyps indicus]]'' (the Indian vulture) and two species of frogs, ''[[Indirana gundia]]'' (found only in Gundia range, [[Sakleshpur]]) and ''[[Micrixalus kottigeharensis]]'' (found only near [[Kottigehara]], [[Chikkamagaluru district]]).

Some of the threatened species of flora include evergreen trees like ''[[Cynometra]] bourdillonii'', ''[[Cynometra travancorica]]'', ''[[Hopea glabra]]'', ''[[Hopea parviflora]]'', ''[[Hopea ponga]]'', ''[[Hopea racophloea]]'', ''[[Shorea roxburghii]]'' and ''[[Tarenna agumbensis]]'' and flowering plants like ''[[Glochidion pauciflorum]]'', ''[[Glochidion tomentosum]]'', ''[[Ixora lawsoni]]'' and ''[[Syzygium stocksii]]''. Other endangered trees found in Karnataka include ''[[Isonandra stocksii]]'', ''[[Kingiodendron pinnatum]]'', ''[[Maesa velutina]]'', ''[[Myristica magnifica]]'', ''[[Rapanea striata]]'' and ''[[Flacourtia latifolia]]'' (synonym ''Xylosma latifolia'').

Endangered species of fauna found in Karnataka include the [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian elephant]], [[lion-tailed macaque]], [[olive ridley turtle]] and [[dhole]], the Indian wild dog. Many endangered species of amphibians are found here including frogs, ''[[Indirana brachytarsus]]'', ''[[Microhyla sholigari]]'', ''[[Minervarya sahyadris]]'', ''[[Nyctibatrachus aliciae]]'', ''[[Nyctibatrachus hussaini]]'', ''[[Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris]]'', ''[[Philautus charius]]'', ''[[Philautus wynaadensis]]'', ''[[Ramanella mormorata]]'' and ''[[Rhacophorus lateralis]]'' and a toad, ''[[Bufo beddomii]]''. Other endangered species of fauna include ''[[Hipposideros hypophyllus]]'' (the [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] leaf-nosed bat) and ''[[Pseudomulleria dalyi]]'' (a [[mollusc]]).
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct102002/810.pdf Floral resources of Karnataka: A geographic perspective.]
* [http://www.mysorenature.org/home Natural history of southern Karnataka: Ornithological perspective. ]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1q8SiLDOZ0E36Y66HdjSVSXcCwqQ&ll=14.571888364684952%2C75.99547225000003&z=7 Google Map showing wildlife of Karnataka ]

{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Wildlife of India|Karnataka]]
[[Category:Environment of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tourism in Karnataka]]

Central Theatre (film)

2026-03-03T20:41:08Z

HungHanks23355: created entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=June 2014}}
{{external links|date=March 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Central Theatre
|image =
|writer = Kiran Narayanan
|starring = [[Hemanth Menon]] [[Sidhartha Siva]] Arun A Kumar
|director = Kiran Narayanan
|runtime = 116 minutes
|cinematography = SunilKaimanam
|music = [[Ramesh narayan]]
|studio = Thaaraaka Productions
|country = India
|released = {{Film date|2014|09|26|df=y}}
|language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Central Theatre''''' is a 2014 [[Malayalam]] [[suspense film|suspense]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Kiran Narayanan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Theatre Story, Central Theatre Movie Story, Plot, Synopsis, Review, Preview|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/central-theatre/story.html|access-date=2021-05-29|website=FilmiBeat|language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Hemanth Menon]], [[Sidhartha Siva]], and Arun A Kumar as the protagonist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/hementh-menon-and-sidharth-siva-in-central-theatre/94878/story.htm|title=Hementh Menon and Sidharth Siva in 'Central Theatre' - nowrunning}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/homely-meals-money-rathnam-central-theatre-lock-horns-26-september-609917|title='Homely Meals', 'Money Rathnam', 'Central Theatre' to Lock Horns on 26 September|first=Nicy|last=V.P|website=[[International Business Times]] |publisher=|date=2014-09-25}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{div col}}
*[[Hemanth Menon]] as Sidharth Vijay
*Arun A Kumar as Vinay
*[[Sidhartha Siva]] as Aldrin Peter
*Fayis Salman as Nadeer
*[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Vinay's grand father
*Majeed as Vinay's Father
*Anjali Aneesh Upasana aka [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|Anjali Nair]] as Mariya John
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Sidharth Vijay's mother
*Rosylynn as Vinay's mother
*Kaladi Omana as Vinay's grand mother
*Master Chethanlal as Amruth
*Master Abhinav as Sreekuttan
*Baby Prathyusha as Shruthi
*Baby Arunima as Diya
*Master Arun as Young Aldrin Peter
{{div col end}}

==Plot==
The story revolves around a kidnaps a kid by a pedophile, subsequent investigation, and the simmering tension. The entire story happens in a span of six hours and is told in three different perspectives, in four different chapters.<ref>{{Citation|title=Central Theatre Movie Review {.5/5}: Critic Review of Central Theatre by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/central-theatre/movie-review/43697823.cms|access-date=2021-05-29}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Bavagaru Bagunnara

2026-03-03T18:20:10Z

HungHanks23355: stub

{{Short description|1998 film by Jayanth C. Paranjee}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bavagaru Bagunnara
| image = Bavagaru Bagunnara.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
| producer = [[Nagendra Babu]]
| writer = Jayanth C. Paranjee [[Paruchuri Brothers]]
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Srihari]] [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] [[Paresh Rawal]] [[Rachana Banerjee]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = K. Datthu
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = [[Anjana Productions]]
| distributor = [[Geetha Arts]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|1998|4|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}
'''''Bavagaru Bagunnara''''' ({{translation|Brother-in-law, how are you?}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]] and produced by [[Nagendra Babu]] under [[Anjana Productions]] banner. The film stars [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], and [[Rachna Banerjee|Rachana]], with a supporting cast including [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Srihari]], and [[Brahmanandam]]. The film follows Raju, a restaurant owner in [[New Zealand]], who becomes involved in a series of comedic and emotional situations after offering assistance to a pregnant woman, Sandhya. The movie is loosely inspired from the Hollywood movie ''[[A Walk in the Clouds]]''. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=చిరు రియల్‌ స్టంట్‌కు 22ఏళ్లు! |url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/Megastar-Chiranjeevi-and-Rambha-starrer-Musical-Superhit-Bavagaru-Bagunnara-completed-22-years/0208/120047723 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122054355/https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/Megastar-Chiranjeevi-and-Rambha-starrer-Musical-Superhit-Bavagaru-Bagunnara-completed-22-years/0208/120047723 |archive-date=22 November 2020 |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>

Released on 9 April 1998, the film became a major commercial success. The film's soundtrack, composed by Mani Sharma, was popular, with the track "Aunty Koothura" becoming a major hit. The film was also praised for its visually appealing scenes, particularly those shot in New Zealand, and for its stunts, including a [[Bungee jumping|bungee jump]] performed by Chiranjeevi, which became one of the film's highlights. ''Bavagaru Bagunnara'' was later remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Kunwara]]'' (2000) and in Bangladesh as ''Jamai Shashur'' (2003).<ref name=":0" />

==Plot==
The film follows the story of Raju, a man who splits his time between [[New Zealand]], where he owns a restaurant, and India, where he runs an orphanage in his sister’s name. Swapna, a student in New Zealand staying with her uncle, initially confronts Raju, believing he is responsible for beating her friend. However, upon learning that Raju was not at fault, she falls in love with him.

The narrative shifts to India, where Raju travels to manage the orphanage. There, he encounters Sandhya, a pregnant woman, who is on the verge of suicide after a failed love affair. Raju offers to pose as her husband until the child is born, after which he would leave her so she can live peacefully as a deserted wife. They travel to her village, where Sandhya’s father, [[Rai Bahadur|Rao Bahadur]] Rajendra Prasad, initially resists but eventually agrees to the plan under pressure from family members.

The plot takes a dramatic turn when Swapna arrives in India and discovers that Raju is married to Sandhya, making him her brother-in-law. Raju’s attempts to explain the situation fail to convince her. Meanwhile, Raju becomes involved in a dispute over the ownership of a lake between Sandhya’s village and a neighboring one. He wins a race that settles the ownership in favour of Sandhya’s village. Pleased with the outcome, Sandhya’s father accepts Raju as his son-in-law and plans their marriage.

As Swapna learns the truth, she struggles with her emotions. Sandhya, overwhelmed by the situation, attempts suicide once more, but Raju intervenes again. He later learns that Sandhya’s lover, who had been captured by the head of the neighboring village and forced to marry his daughter, is alive. Raju rescues him, and the lovers are reunited and married.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Raju
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] as Swapna (voice dubbed by [[Roja Ramani]])
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as [[Rao Bahadur]] Rajendra Prasad (voice dubbed by [[P. Ravi Shankar]])
* [[Rachana Banerjee]] as Sandhya (voice dubbed by [[Chippy Renjith|Shilpa]])
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Pedda Basavaraju
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Rao Bahadur Visweswara Rao
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Swapna's grandmother
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Gopal
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]]
* [[Srihari]] as Chinna Kankaraju
* [[Achyuth]] as Venkat, Sandhya's lover
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Bhuvaneshwari
* Deepa Raju
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as a doctor
* [[Nagendra Babu]] (special appearance in the song "Sorry Sorry")
* [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|M. Shailaja]] as Raju's elder sister (portrait appearance)
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
Following the commercial failures of [[Big Boss (film)|''Big Boss'']] (1995) and ''[[Rikshavodu]]'' (1995), [[Chiranjeevi]] regained box-office success with films such as [[Hitler (1997 film)|''Hitler'']] (1997) and [[Master (1997 film)|''Master'']] (1997). These films featured him in serious roles, but fans were eager for a shift toward lighter, more entertaining performances that highlighted his comic timing, dance, and fight sequences. During this period, director [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]], who had recently achieved success with his debut film [[Preminchukundam Raa|''Premichukundam Raa'']] (1997), was given the opportunity to collaborate with Chiranjeevi for his second film.<ref name=":0" />

The core premise of ''Baavagaru Bagunnara'' was inspired by the American film ''[[A Walk in the Clouds]]'' (1995). While the original was a serious drama, the Telugu adaptation incorporated significant comedic elements, primarily through the character portrayed by [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]. Jayanth worked with the [[Paruchuri brothers]] to adapt and develop the story into a romantic comedy-drama. The film was produced by [[Nagendra Babu|Naga Babu]] under his [[Anjana Productions]] banner.<ref name="IB">{{Cite web |date=20 August 2000 |title=Interview with Nagababu by Jeevi |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/interview_nagababu.html |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

The narrative was designed to balance comedy and emotional depth. Key scenes featuring Chiranjeevi, Rambha, and [[Brahmanandam]] in [[New Zealand]] provided ample comic relief. Upon the characters' return to India, the humour continued through interactions between Chiranjeevi and Rambha, while supporting actors such as [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] and [[Srihari]] added to the comedic appeal. The climax of the film, featuring a horse race sequence, was crafted to resonate with mass audiences.<ref name=":0" />

=== Filming ===
Key portions of the film were shot in [[New Zealand]], showcasing picturesque locations.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=We shot for 'Naatu Naatu' in peak pandemic time: Veteran line producer Natarajan Ramji |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2023/Mar/15/we-shot-for-naatu-naatu-in-peak-pandemic-timeveteran-line-producer-natarajan-ramji-2556075.html |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Director Jayanth C. Paranjee noted that, unlike his earlier films, ''Bavagaru Bagunnara'' introduced Chiranjeevi with a song sequence instead of an action scene.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2001 |title=Interview with Jayant C Paranji by Jeevi |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/interview_jayant.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref> Chiranjeevi performed a [[Bungee jumping|bungee jump]] for a song which became a highlight.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2023 |title=Chiranjeevi: I deliver what the audience wants from me |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chiranjeevi-discusses-his-telugu-movie-waltair-veerayya-co-starring-ravi-teja-and-shruti-haasan/article66364662.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111114946/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chiranjeevi-discusses-his-telugu-movie-waltair-veerayya-co-starring-ravi-teja-and-shruti-haasan/article66364662.ece |archive-date=11 January 2023 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

[[Bhagyashree]] was initially considered for the role that was ultimately played by [[Rachna Banerjee|Rachana]].<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2002 |title=Nostalgic Trivia |url=http://idlebrain.com/trivia/nosta16.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030611001234/http://idlebrain.com/trivia/nosta16.html |archive-date=11 June 2003 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref>

==Music==
The music for this film was composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The audio was a huge hit and all the songs were chartbusters. The track "Aunty Koothura", sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[K. S. Chitra]] was a massive hit among the masses and was an instant chartbuster.<ref name=":0" />
{{Infobox album
| name = Bavagaru Bagunnara!
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| released = 9 April 1998
| recorded = 1998
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 24:56
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = [[Preminchukundam Raa]]
| prev_year = 1997
| next_title = [[Ganesh (1998 film)|Ganesh]]
| next_year = 1998
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track-List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:56
| title1 = Aunty Koothura
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| length1 = 6:01
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| title2 = Chalnedo Gaadi
| extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| length2 = 4:48
| lyrics2 = Chandrabose
| title3 = Maattekki Thooge
| lyrics3 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Febi Mani|Febi]]
| length3 = 5:16
| title4 = Navami Dasami
| lyrics4 = Chandrabose
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length4 = 4:26
| title5 = Sorry Sorry
| lyrics5 = Chandrabose
| extra5 = Mano, Sujatha
| length5 = 4:25
}}

== Reception ==
Griddaluru Gopalrao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' writing his review on 24 April 1998 has called the film "a laughing riot." Goplarao appreciated the film's story and screenplay for its novelty with particular praise for Paranjee's direction, Chiranjeevi's performance, and Sharma's soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Griddaluru |first=Gopalrao |date=24 April 1998 |title=బావగారు.. బాగున్నారా.. ఆనందం పంచే వినోదాత్మక చిత్రం |language=te |pages=9 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Apr/24-Apr-1998.pdf |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106160957/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Apr/24-Apr-1998.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Y Maheswara Reddy of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noted that it was "worth watching".<ref>{{cite web |last=Y Maheswara Reddy |date=12 April 1998 |title=Worth watching |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:80/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/88D3A509F1D56AD06525694100207B3F?OpenDocument |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214151719/http://www.cscsarchive.org:80/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/88D3A509F1D56AD06525694100207B3F?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=30 September 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 1999 |title=REVIEWS |url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/bgb.htm |access-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990224171614/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/bgb.htm |archive-date=24 February 1999}}</ref>

The film received attention for its action sequences, particularly a [[Bungee jumping|bungee jump]] performed by Chiranjeevi, which became a highlight. This stunt, along with his introductory scene, garnered applause from audiences. The horse race in the climax was also well-received. Additionally, Chiranjeevi's wardrobe, especially his bell-bottom pants, became a trendsetter.<ref name=":0" />

Brahmanandam later included ''Bavagaru Bagunnara'' among the top 11 films of his career.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=8 January 2008 |title=AP Film critics association felicitates Brahmanandam - Telugu cinema function |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmcritics-brahmanandam.html |access-date=1 February 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=6 August 1999 |title=An interview with Telugu comedian Brahmanandam |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/aug/06brah.htm |access-date=1 January 2025 |publisher=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0245755|title=Bavagaru Bagunnara}}

{{Jayanth C. Paranjee}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1998 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
[[Category:Films about suicide]]
[[Category:Films set in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films about orphans]]
[[Category:Indian pregnancy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about landlords]]

German International School, Chennai

2026-03-03T09:56:21Z

HungHanks23355: created data.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox school
| image = Building of German School Chennai in Palavakkam.jpg
| established = {{start year and age|2010}}
| grades = K-12
| enrollment = c.50
}}

The '''German International School Chennai''' is a primary and secondary school in [[Palavakkam]], [[Chennai]], India.<ref>"[http://www.chennai.gis.com.de/contact/school/contact-info/ Contact Info]." German International School Chennai. Retrieved on 11 February 2015. "4/391 Ram Garden Anna Salai Palavakkam Chennai 600 041"</ref> The school was established in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennai.gis.com.de/about/history |title=History |publisher=German International School Chennai |access-date=11 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223215433/http://www.chennai.gis.com.de/about/history/ |archive-date=23 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Boarding-facilities-inaugurated-at-German-International-School-in-Chennai/articleshow/30957029.cms |title=Boarding facilities inaugurated at German International School in Chennai |work=The Times of India |author=Ramya, M. |date=24 February 2014 |access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref> The school is the first [[Veganism|vegan]] school in India.

==Curriculum==
The school has [[kindergarten]] to [[Twelfth grade]]. The school has about 50 students and follows the [[Edexcel]] curriculum.<ref name="NewsMinute_SchoolGoesVegan"/>

==Adopting vegan lifestyle==
The school declared itself completely vegan from the academic year 2017–2018, serving the students only vegan food since then.<ref name="TOI_SchoolGoesVegan">{{cite news
| last = Menon
| first = Priya
| title = Kids dig into mock meat as German school goes vegan
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 14 August 2017
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/kids-dig-into-mock-meat-as-german-school-goes-vegan/articleshow/60051945.cms
| access-date = 23 September 2020}}</ref> Until the middle of 2016, the school was serving animal products such as pork, chicken, beef, fish and cheese.<ref name="NewsMinute_SchoolGoesVegan"/><ref name="TOI_SchoolGoesVegan"/> However, when the school began to shelter injured and abandoned animals, it decided to go vegan as it felt eating meat "was ethically not right."<ref name="TOI_SchoolGoesVegan"/> In October 2016, the school officially decided to go vegan and starting serving vegan diet for all the [[Vegan school meal|three meals]], [[:wikt:viz.|viz.]] breakfast, lunch, and evening snack.<ref name="NewsMinute_SchoolGoesVegan"/> In December 2016, the school arranged for a vegan buffet, inviting parents and announcing the decision.<ref name="TOI_SchoolGoesVegan"/> The school started baking its own bread and making its own [[mock meat]] and [[vegan cheese]] from [[cashews]].<ref name="TOI_SchoolGoesVegan"/>

In January 2017, the school was awarded the "Compassionate School Award" from [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA).<ref name="NewsMinute_SchoolGoesVegan">{{cite news
| last = Mathew
| first = Pheba
| title = This Chennai school has gone vegan, but is it healthy for the kids?
| newspaper = The News Minute
| location = Chennai
| publisher = TheNewsMinute.com
| date = 5 September 2017
| url = https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chennai-school-has-gone-vegan-it-healthy-kids-67897
| access-date = 23 September 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Vegan school meal]]
* [[MUSE School]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|Germany|India|Schools}}
*[http://www.chennai.gis.com.de/ School website]

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}
{{International schools in India}}
{{German schools in Asia}}
{{Veganism}}

[[Category:German international schools in India]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Primary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Chennai]]
[[Category:International schools in Chennai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vegan schools]]

{{TamilNadu-school-stub}}

Yentha Nerathilum

2026-03-03T03:14:38Z

HungHanks23355: Made info

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by R. Muthukumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yentha Nerathilum
| image = Yentha Nerathilum.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = R. Muthukumar
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ramalingam
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Ramakrishnan (actor)|Ramakrishnan]]
*[[Leema Babu]]
*Yashmith
*[[Sandra Amy]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Saalai Sahaadevan
| editing =
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Sabesh–Murali]] '''Score:''' B. Sathish
| studio = Anjali Entertainment
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|7|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Yentha Nerathilum''''' (also spelled '''''Endha Nerathilum'''''; {{Translation|At any time}}) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language [[horror film|horror]] [[thriller film]]<ref name="T1">{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=29 March 2017 |title=Yashmith’s next is a romantic comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yashmiths-next-is-a-romantic-comedy/articleshow/57873160.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101120323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yashmiths-next-is-a-romantic-comedy/articleshow/57873160.cms |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> directed by R. Muthukumar and starring [[Ramakrishnan (actor)|Ramakrishnan]], [[Leema Babu]], Yashmith, and [[Sandra Amy]].

==Plot==
Rex returns to [[Ooty]] where his father, elder sister Jennifer, brother-in-law David, and his niece stay. He is in love with Bharathi who reciprocates the feelings after breaking up a few times. Rex introduces Bharathi to his family who are indifferent to her. Rex's family leaves and David and Jennifer's father die due to an accident. Rex, Jennifer and her daughter move to their [[Kothagiri]] bungalow where Jennifer's daughter gets possessed by a sprit due to Jennifer's misdeeds. Who is the ghost, why does it haunt Jennifer and whether Rex and Bharathi reunite form the rest of the story.<ref name="D">{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=22 July 2017 |title=Endha Nerathilum movie review: An average thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220717/endha-nerathilum-movie-review-an-average-thriller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720183619/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220717/endha-nerathilum-movie-review-an-average-thriller.html |archive-date=20 July 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Ramakrishnan (actor)|Ramakrishnan]] as Rex
*[[Leema Babu]] as Bharathi
*Yashmith as David
*[[Sandra Amy]] as Jennifer
*[[Singampuli]]
*Vijitha as David and Jennifer's daughter

== Production ==
Shooting for the film began on 29 January 2017 in Chennai and later in [[Kothagiri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=29 March 2017 |title=Yashmith’s next is also a horror film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yashmiths-next-is-also-a-horror-film/articleshow/51040572.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101110232/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yashmiths-next-is-also-a-horror-film/articleshow/51040572.cms |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The songs were composed by [[Sabesh–Murali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yendha Nerathilum |url=https://wynk.in/music/album/yendha-nerathilum/pp_191061634911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111033821/https://wynk.in/music/album/yendha-nerathilum/pp_191061634911 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Wynk Music}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Yendha Nerathilum Theme
| extra1 = [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathi]]
| length1 = 2:56
| title2 = Raanga Raanga
| extra2 = Mahalingam, Subhasini
| length2 = 3:47
| title3 = Isaac Newton
| extra3 = Siva
| length3 = 4:14
| total_length = 10:57
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that "the director has deviated from the usual horror films in terms of story" and added that "the narration could have been tighter".<ref name="D" /> A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' wrote that fear does not come at any time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title=எந்த நேரத்திலும் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2017/07/21130313/1097673/Yendha-Nerathilum-Movie-Review.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102000136/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2017/07/21130313/1097673/Yendha-Nerathilum-Movie-Review.vpf |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi|iFlicks]]'' wrote that "In short, we should have been scared ''Yendha Nerathilum'' ({{Translation|at any time}})".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endha Nerathilum |url=http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2017/07/31142739/Yendha-Nerathilum.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830194145/http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2017/07/31142739/Yendha-Nerathilum.vpf |archive-date=30 August 2017 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[Dina Thanthi|iFlicks]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|6492958}}

[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]

Anal Haq

2026-02-28T13:27:44Z

HungHanks23355:

{{Short description|Short story based on the life of the Sufi Mansur Al-Hallaj}}
{{about|a short story by [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer|Basheer]]|other uses|Mansur Al-Hallaj}}
{{moresources|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
'''Anal Haq''' (Arabic: أنا الحَق) is a short story based on the life of the Sufi [[Mansur Al-Hallaj]], who was indicted and killed on charges of heresy.<ref>[http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/H/Hallaj-H.html Mansur Al-Hallaj] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050626082730/http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/H/Hallaj-H.html |date=26 June 2005 }}</ref> It is part of the short story anthology ''[[Anargha Nimisham]],'' written by [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] in typical [[Khalil Gibran]] style,

==Plot==
Hussain bin Mansoor [sic] Al-Hallaj was condemned to hang by the neck for shouting in ecstasy ''Anā al-Ḥaqq, Anā al-Ḥaqq'' (I am the Truth, I am the Truth). The orthodox understood this to mean that he was claiming to be God himself, whereas he had proclaimed, in his sublime spiritual ecstasy, simply a total annihilation of himself. Mansoor Al-Hallaj climbed the gallows with his head held high, not the least daunted by his imminent death. Nor could his shouts be drowned in the tumult of abuses which were hurled at him; they rose loud and clear and high ''Anā al-Ḥaqq, Anā al-Ḥaqq'' until his soul departed to the fountainhead{{Citation needed|reason=Source needed for confirming soul movement|date=April 2023}} of his life on high.

==Remarks==
{{seealso|Via et veritas et vita}}
Basheer draws a parallel between "Anal Haq" and ''Aham Brahmasmi'' the ''[[Upanishad]] [[Mahāvākya]]'' which means ''I am [[Brahman]] (the Ultimate Reality in Hinduism).'' Basheer uses this term to intend God is found within one's 'self'. The story is written in such a way as to attack the orthodox practices in Islam.

In the edition of ''[[Anargha Nimisham]]'' which was published in 1982, Basheer added a note saying that "This story was written some forty years back. Now, I believe that ordinary human beings who are just the products of the All Mighty saying things like "I am God" is a sin. I had also claimed that the work is based on a real story, but now; take it just as a fantasy". This is considered as a marked change from his earlier convictions. Critics contended that Basheer had become more religious towards his later life, contradicting some of his earlier works. He did not leave even this note without a touch of humour; this note too ended with ''Anā al-Ḥaqq'', similar to that of the protagonist of the story.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Basheer}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Short stories by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]]
[[Category:Malayalam short stories]]
[[Category:1946 short stories]]
[[Category:Sufism]]

{{1940s-story-stub}}

Shantanu Chowdhury

2026-02-27T01:22:06Z

HungHanks23355: Made page

{{Short description|Indian structural biologist (born 1968)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Shantanu Chowdhury
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|9|9}}
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Genomics]] | [[Structural biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | Insilico Sciences | [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Jadavpur University]] | [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]] | [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] | [[Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology]]}}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Gene regulation]]
| awards = {{ublist | 2010 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]] | 2011 [[Central Drug Research Institute|CDRI]] Award | 2012 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Shantanu Chowdhury''' (born 1968) is an Indian structural biologist and a professor at [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref name="Shantanu Chowdhury's Biography">{{cite web | url=https://selectbiosciences.com/conferences/biographies.aspx?conf=ddi16&speaker=1568580 | title=Shantanu Chowdhury's Biography | publisher=Select Biosciences | date=September 2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> He is known for developing a mechanism for ''gene regulation mediated by DNA Secondary-Structure in diverse cellular contexts''.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=128 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> An elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]],<ref name="NASI fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=C | title=NASI fellow | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2016 | access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> he is a recipient of the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]] of the [[Department of Biotechnology]] in 2010.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{cite web | url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf | title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development | publisher=Department of Biotechnology | date=2016 | access-date=17 October 2016 | archive-date=4 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2012, for his contributions to biological sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Shantanu Chowdhury, born on 9 September 1968 in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]], completed his master's degree in chemistry at [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata before securing a PhD from the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]], Hyderabad in 1998.<ref name="Finding pieces in the genome puzzle">{{cite web | url=http://www.biospectrumindia.com/biospecindia/features/123057/finding-pieces-genome-puzzle-i-dr-shantanu-chowdhury-i | title=Finding pieces in the genome puzzle | publisher=Biospectrum India | date=12 December 2012 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> His post-doctoral studies were at the department of biochemistry of [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] and later at [[Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology]]. He returned to India in 2001 and joined Insilico Sciences, Bangalore but his tenure there lasted only one year. His next move was to [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] (IGIB) as a scientist in 2002<ref name="Scientists and Research Areas">{{cite web | url=https://igib.res.in/?q=node/22 | title=Scientists and Research Areas | publisher=Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> where he serves as a professor of functional genomics.<ref name="Shantanu Chowdhury - Functional Genomics">{{cite web | url=https://igib.res.in/?q=ShantanuChowdhury | title=Shantanu Chowdhury - Functional Genomics | publisher=IGIB | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref>

Chowdhury established his own laboratory at IGIB and his team is involved in researches in functional genomics.<ref name="Shantanu Chowdhury's Biography" /> The group focuses its studies on the control of [[NME2]], a metastasis suppressor, on [[telomerase]] function and the biological action of DNA secondary structures like [[G-quadruplex]].<ref name="Recipient of the Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award ">{{cite web | url=https://indiabioscience.org/news/2012/recipient-of-the-shanti-swaroop-bhatnagar-award-in-medical-sciences-sandip-basu | title=Recipient of the Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award | publisher=India Bioscience | date=14 October 2012 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> He and his colleagues are reported to have developed a new mechanism for gene regulation and elucidated the process of gene transcription involving G-quadruplex.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | access-date=5 October 2016 | page=34}}</ref> His researches have been published in a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[PubMed]], an online repository of scientific articles, has listed several of them.<ref name="Chowdhury on PubMed">{{cite web | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chowdhury%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=16651665 | title=Chowdhury on PubMed | publisher=PubMed | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> He is a member of the scientific advisory board of Bionivid, a [[Bengaluru]]-based information technology company involved in [[microarray]] [[data analytics]] and sequencing.<ref name="Scientific Advisory Board">{{cite web | url=http://www.bionivid.com/about-us/scientific-advisory-board/ | title=Scientific Advisory Board | publisher=Bionivid | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> and has delivered keynote addresses which included the discourse on ''Engineering Reversal of Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells'' at the ''Drug Discovery India 2016'' conference held in Bengaluru in September 2016<ref name="Shantanu Chowdhury's Biography" /> and the address on ''The Emerging Story of DNA Quadruplexes in Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation'' at Asian Epigenomics 2016.<ref name="Asian Epigenomics 2016">{{cite web | url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/aem2016/Shantanu.html | title=Asian Epigenomics 2016 | publisher=Asian Epigenomics 2016 | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> He sits on the editorial boards of two science journals, Human Genomics<ref name="Editorial Board">{{cite web | url=https://humgenomics.biomedcentral.com/about/editorial-board | title=Editorial Board | publisher=Human Genomics | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> and [[Journal of Biological Chemistry]]<ref name="Editorial Board Members">{{cite web | url=http://apps.asbmb.org/jbcboard/Default.aspx?Members=ebm | title=Editorial Board Members | publisher=Journal of Biological Chemistry | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> and has served as a peer-reviewer for JBC and [[PLOS Computational Biology]].<ref name="Shantanu Chowdhury on Publons">{{cite web | url=https://publons.com/author/400580/shantanu-chowdhury#profile | title=Shantanu Chowdhury on Publons | publisher=Publons | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
In 2007, Chowdhury received the Swarnajayanthi Fellowship of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT)<ref name="Swarnajayanthi Fellowship">{{cite web | url=http://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/sjaward06-07.pdf | title=Swarnajayanthi Fellowship | publisher=Department of Biotechnology | date=2006 | access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref> and three years later, DBT honored him again with the 2010 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]].<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development" /> The [[Central Drug Research Institute]] awarded him the Excellence in Drug Research Award for Life Sciences category in 2011<ref name="CDRI Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.cdriindia.org/uploaded/cdri_awards_2016.pdf | title=CDRI Award | publisher=Central Drug Research Institute | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> and he also received the [[Wellcome Trust]]-DBT Fellowship the same year.<ref name="About Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.wellcomedbt.org/fellowsprofile/dr-shantanu-chowdhury-98 | title=About Fellow | publisher=Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, by the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] the next year.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees" /> He was also elected as a fellow by the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] in 2012.<ref name="NASI fellow" /> [[Chemical & Engineering News]] magazine of the [[American Chemical Society]] featured his researches twice, in 2007 and in 2009, citing their relevance as future drug targets.<ref name="Recipient of the Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award " />

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite journal | title=Metastases suppressor NM23-H2 interaction with G-quadruplex DNA within c-MYC promoter nuclease hypersensitive element induces c-MYC expression |vauthors=Thakur RK, Kumar P, Halder K, Verma A, Kar A, Parent JL, Basundra R, Kumar A, Chowdhury S | journal=Nucleic Acids Res. | date=January 2009 | volume=37 | issue=1 | pages=172–83 | doi=10.1093/nar/gkn919 | pmid=19033359 | pmc=2615625}}
* {{cite journal | title=Quadruplex-coupled kinetics distinguishes ligand binding between G4 DNA motifs |vauthors=Halder K, Chowdhury S | journal=Biochemistry | date=December 2007 | volume=46 | issue=51 | pages=14762–70 | doi=10.1021/bi701590z | pmid=18052204}}
* {{cite journal | title=Genome-wide analyses of recombination prone regions predict role of DNA structural motif in recombination | author=Mani P1 Yadav VK, Das SK, Chowdhury S. | journal=PLOS ONE | year=2009 | volume=4 | issue=2 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004399 | pmid=19198658 | article-number=e4399| pmc=2635932 | bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.4399M | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=Genome-wide analysis predicts DNA structural motifs as nucleosome exclusion signals |vauthors=Halder K, Halder R, Chowdhury S | journal=Mol. Biosyst. | date=December 2009 | volume=5 | issue=12 | pages=1703–12 | doi=10.1039/b905132e|pmid=19587895 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Genome-wide computational and expression analyses reveal G-quadruplex DNA motifs as conserved cis-regulatory elements in human and related species |vauthors=Verma A, Halder K, Halder R, Yadav VK, Rawal P, Thakur RK, Mohd F, Sharma A, Chowdhury S | journal=J Med Chem | date=September 2008 | volume=51 | issue=18 | pages=5641–9 | doi=10.1021/jm800448a|pmid=18767830 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Genome-wide prediction of G4 DNA as regulatory motifs: role in Escherichia coli global regulation |vauthors=Rawal P, Kummarasetti VB, Ravindran J, Kumar N, Halder K, Sharma R, Mukerji M, Das SK, Chowdhury S | journal=Genome Res. | date=May 2006 | volume=16 | issue=5 | pages=644–55 | doi=10.1101/gr.4508806 | pmid=16651665 | pmc=1457047}}

== See also ==
* [[Functional genomics]]
* [[NME2]]
* [[G-quadruplex]]
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.scienceopen.com/user/0cf90d52-2935-47a5-a842-2f68d3fb776e/other-publications | title=Shantanu Chowdhury on Science Open | publisher=Science Open | work=Author profile | date=2016 | access-date=2 November 2016}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Shantanu}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Structural biologists]]
[[Category:Genomics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni]]
[[Category:Max Planck Society alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]

Grantha script

2026-02-19T19:56:46Z

HungHanks23355: refine page also and fixed typos

{{Short description|South Indian script}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{stack|
{{Infobox Writing system
| name = Grantha script
| altname = {{Script|Gran|𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥}}
| type = [[Abugida]]
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit Language|Sanskrit]]
| time = 7th century CE – present (excluding [[Pallava script|Pallava Grantha]])
| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|Egyptian]]
| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic]]
| fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
| fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
| fam5 = [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]
| fam6 = [[Tamil-Brahmi]]
| fam7 = [[Pallava script|Pallava]]
| sisters = [[Tamil script|Tamil]], [[Old Mon script|Old Mon]], [[Khmer script|Khmer]], [[Cham script|Cham]], [[Kawi script|Kawi]]
| children = [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[Tigalari script|Tigalari]] [[Thirke]] [[Saurashtra script|Saurashtra]] [[Dhives Akuru]] [[Sinhala script|Sinhala]]
| sample = File:Shukla Grantha.svg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = The word 'Grantha' in modern Grantha typeface
| iso15924 = Gran
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11300.pdf U+11300–U+1137F]
| note = none
}}
{{brahmic}}
}}
The '''Grantha script''' ({{Langx|sa|𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥𑌲𑌿𑌪𑌿|granthalipi}}; {{langx|ta|கிரந்த எழுத்து|Granta eḻuttu}}; {{langx|ml|ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി|granthalipi}}) is a classical [[South India]]n [[Brahmic script]], found particularly in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. Originating from the [[Pallava script]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Amna |last2=Gottardo |first2=Alexandra |title=Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography |date=2019 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-05977-4|pages=329–351 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-05977-4_17 |access-date=22 July 2024 |language=en |chapter=Learning to Read in Their Heritage Language: Hindi-English Speaking Children Reading Two Different Orthographies|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05977-4_17 }}</ref> the Grantha script is related to [[Tamil script|Tamil]] and [[Vatteluttu]] scripts. The modern [[Malayalam script]] of Kerala is a direct descendant of the Grantha script.<ref name="salomon1998">{{cite book|author=Richard Salomon|title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYrG07qQDxkC|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-535666-3|pages=40–42}}</ref> The Southeast Asian and Indonesian scripts such as [[Thai script|Thai]] and [[Javanese script|Javanese]] respectively, as well as South Asian and Sri Lankan scripts such as [[Tigalari script|Tigalari]]<ref name="omniglot">{{cite web |title=Grantha alphabet for Sanskrit |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/grantha.htm |website=www.omniglot.com |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref> and [[Sinhala script|Sinhalese script]]s respectively, are derived or closely related to Grantha through the early Pallava script.<ref name="Casparis1975p12">{{cite book|author=J. G. de Casparis|title=Indonesian Palaeography: A History of Writing in Indonesia from the Beginnings to C. A.D. 1500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLUfAAAAIAAJ |year=1975|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-04172-9|pages=12–17}}</ref><ref name="HerbertMilner1989">{{cite book|author1=Patricia Herbert|author2=Anthony Crothers Milner|title=South-East Asia: Languages and Literatures : a Select Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EqbeRzdDrsC&pg=PA127|year=1989|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1267-6|pages=127–129}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Pierre-Yves Manguin|author2=A. Mani|author3=Geoff Wade|title=Early Interactions Between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross-cultural Exchange|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuCYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA306|year=2011|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-4311-16-8|pages=283–285, 306–309}}</ref> The Pallava script or Pallava Grantha emerged in the 4th century CE and was used until the 7th century CE, in India.<ref name="griffiths">{{Cite book |last=Arlo |first=Guy |editor-first=john|editor-last=guy|author-link=Griffiths |url=https://www.academia.edu/6301451 |title=Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early South east Asia |date=2014 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=9781588395245 |chapter=Early Indic Inscriptions of Southeast Asia |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="diringer">{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind |date=1948 |page=411 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1287}}</ref> This early Grantha script was used to write [[Sanskrit]] texts, inscriptions on copper plates and stones of Hindu temples and monasteries.<ref name=britgrantha/><ref name="salomon1998"/> It was also used for classical [[Manipravalam]] – a language that is a blend of Sanskrit and Tamil.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Giovanni Ciotti|author2=Hang Lin|title=Tracing Manuscripts in Time and Space through Paratexts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ezCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|year=2016|publisher=Walter De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-047901-0|pages=62–63}}</ref> From it evolved Middle Grantha by the 7th century, and Transitional Grantha by about the 8th century, which remained in use until about the 14th century. Modern Grantha has been in use since the 14th century and into the modern era, to write classical texts in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages.<ref name=britgrantha/><ref name="salomon1998"/> It is also used to chant hymns{{Clarify|reason=How do you use a script to chant?|date=October 2020}} and in traditional Vedic schools.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|last=Singh|first=Upinder|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131711200|language=en}}</ref>

The Tamil purist movement of the colonial era sought to purge the Grantha script from use and use the Tamil script exclusively. According to Kailasapathy, this was a part of Tamil nationalism and amounted to regional ethnic chauvinism.<ref>K. Kailasapathy (1979), [https://www.jstor.org/pss/3516775 The Tamil Purist Movement: A Re-evaluation], Social Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 23-27</ref>

==History==
In [[Sanskrit]], ''grantha'' is literally 'a knot'.<ref name=macdonnell>{{cite book |last1=Macdonell |first1=Arthur Anthony |title=A History of Sanskrit Literature |date=31 December 1997 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0035-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wM-dNOa7fMC |access-date=22 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It is a word that was used for books, and the script used to write them. This stems from the practice of binding inscribed palm leaves using a length of thread held by knots. Grantha was widely used to write Sanskrit in the Tamil-speaking parts of [[South Asia]] from about the 5th century CE into modern times.<ref name=britgrantha/><ref name="salomon1998"/>

[[File:9th century Tamil Grantha script Sanskrit Chera era font.jpg|thumb|A Chera era Grantha inscription.]]
The Grantha script was also historically used for writing Manipravalam, a blend of Tamil and Sanskrit which was used in the exegesis of Manipravalam texts. This evolved into a fairly complex writing system which required that Tamil words be written in the Tamil script and Sanskrit words be written in the Grantha script. By the 15th century, this had evolved to the point that both scripts would be used within the same word – if the root was derived from Sanskrit it would be written in the Grantha script, but any Tamil suffixes which were added to it would be written using the Tamil script. This system of writing went out of use when Manipravalam declined in popularity, but it was customary to use the same convention in printed editions of texts originally written in Manipravalam until the middle of the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

In modern times, the [[Tamil-Grantha script]] is used in religious contexts by Tamil-speaking [[Hindu]]s. For example, they use the script to write a child's name for the first time during the naming ceremony, for the Sanskrit portion of [[South Asian wedding card|traditional wedding cards]], and for announcements of a person's last rites. It is also used in many religious almanacs to print traditional formulaic summaries of the coming year.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

[[File:8th Century Grantha script Sanskrit language Velvikudi Grant, LINES 8-14.jpg|thumb|upright=2.5|center|8th century [[Velvikudi inscription|Velvikudi grant inscription]] in the Grantha script (Sanskrit language).]]

==Types of Grantha==
[[File:Tanjavur Tamil Inscription2.jpg|thumb|right|Grantha inscription at Bṛhadīśvara Temple, India]]

===Pallava Grantha===
{{main|Pallava script}}
An archaic and ornamental variety of Grantha is sometimes referred to as Pallava Grantha. It was used by the Pallava in some inscriptions from the 4th century CE<ref name="griffiths" /> to the 7th century CE, in India.<ref name=diringer/> Examples are the [[Mamallapuram]] [[Tiruchirapalli]] Rock Cut Cave Inscriptions and Kailasantha Inscription.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

===Middle Grantha===
[[File:Mandakapattu Inscription.jpg|thumb|200px|7th-century inscription in Grantha script at the [[Mandagapattu Temple|Mandagapattu Hindu temple]]]]
Middle Grantha first appeared in the Kuram copper plates, dating from around 675 CE, and was used until the end of the 8th century CE.<ref name=britgrantha/><ref name="diringer"/>

===Transitional Grantha===
Transitional Grantha is traceable from the 8th or 9th century CE, until around the 14th century CE. The Tulu-Malayalam script is derivative of Transitional Grantha dating to the 8th or 9th century CE, which later split into two distinct scripts – [[Tigalari script|Tigalari]] and [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]].<ref name=britgrantha>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Grantha-alphabet |title=Grantha alphabet (writing system) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2012-03-11}}</ref><ref name="diringer"/>

===Modern Grantha===
Grantha in the present form dates from the 14th century CE. The oldest modern manuscript has been dated to the end of the 16th century CE. Two varieties are found in modern era Grantha texts: the 'Brahmanic' or square form used by Hindus, and the 'Jain' or round form used by Jains.<ref name=britgrantha/><ref name="diringer"/>

==Modern Grantha==
The Grantha script has evolved over time, and shares similarities with the modern Tamil Script.<ref name=omniglot/>

===Consonants===
As in other [[Brahmic]] scripts Grantha consonant signs have an [[inherent vowel]], typically corresponding to {{IPA|/a/}}, so, for example, the letter {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕}}}} is pronounced {{IPA|/ka/}}.

{|class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Consonants
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕|iso=ka}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌖|iso=kha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌗|iso=ga}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌘|iso=gha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌙|iso=ṅa}}
|
|
|
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌹|iso=ha}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌚|iso=ca}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌛|iso=cha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌜|iso=ja}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌝|iso=jha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌞|iso=ña}}
| colspan=2 {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌯|iso=ya}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌶|iso=śa}}
|
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌟|iso=ṭa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌠|iso=ṭha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌡|iso=ḍa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌢|iso=ḍha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌣|iso=ṇa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰|iso=ra}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌳|iso=ḷa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌷|iso=ṣa}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤|iso=ta}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌥|iso=tha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌦|iso=da}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌧|iso=dha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨|iso=na}}
|colspan=2 {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌲|iso=la}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌸|iso=sa}}
|
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌪|iso=pa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌫|iso=pha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌬|iso=ba}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌭|iso=bha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌮|iso=ma}}
|colspan=2 {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌵|iso=va}}
|
|}

===Consonant clusters===
Grantha has two ways of representing consonant clusters. Sometimes, consonants in a cluster may form ligatures.

{|class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Consonant cluster ligatures
|- class=letters-lo
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌷|iso=kṣa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌤|iso=kta}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌙𑍍𑌗|iso=ṅga}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌜𑍍𑌞|iso=jña}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌞𑍍𑌚|iso=ñca}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌞𑍍𑌜|iso=ñja}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌥|iso=ttha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌰|iso=tra}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌵|iso=tva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌦𑍍𑌧|iso=ddha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌦𑍍𑌵|iso=dva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌤|iso=nta}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌵|iso=ntva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌥|iso=ntha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌦|iso=nda}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌧|iso=ndha}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌨|iso=nna}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌨𑍍|iso=nn}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌵|iso=nva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌶𑍍𑌚|iso=śca}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌶𑍍𑌰|iso=śra}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌷𑍍𑌟|iso=ṣṭa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌹𑍍𑌮|iso=hma}}
|}

Ligatures are normally preferred whenever they exist. If no ligatures exist, "stacked" forms of consonants are written, just as in Kannada and Telugu, with the lowest member of the stack being the only "live" consonant and the other members all being vowel-less. Note that ligatures may be used as members of stacks also.

{|class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Stacked consonants
|-class=letters-nadir
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌤|iso=tta}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌵|iso=ttva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍍𑌵|iso=kṣva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍍𑌣|iso=kṣṇa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌗𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌵|iso=gdhva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌵|iso=stva}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌸|iso=ntsa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌤𑍍𑌸𑍍𑌨|iso=tsna}}
|}

====A few special cases====

*When {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌯}}}}, ''ya'' is the final consonant in a cluster, it is written as a ya-phala {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑍍𑌯}}}}.
*When a cluster contains a non-initial {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌰}}}}, ''ra'', it becomes a ''ra-vattu'', {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑍍𑌰}}}}.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}
*When a cluster begins with a {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌰}}}}, ''ra'', it becomes a ''reph'' and is shifted to the end of the cluster.
*If a cluster contains both a ''reph'' and a ''ya-phala'', the ''ya-phala'' is written last.

{|class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Consonant clusters with {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑍍𑌯}}}}, {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑍍𑌰}}}}, and ''reph''.
|- class=letters-nadir
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌯|iso=kya}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌖𑍍𑌯|iso=khya}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑍍𑌰|iso=kra}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌙𑍍𑌗𑍍𑌰|iso=ṅgra}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌙𑍍𑌗𑍍𑌰𑍍𑌯|iso=ṅgrya}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌦𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌯|iso=ddhya}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌕|iso=rka}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌕𑍍𑌷|iso=rkṣa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌣|iso=rṇa}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌮|iso=rma}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌧|iso=rddha}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌰𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌵𑍍𑌯|iso=rdvya}}
|}

===Vowels and syllables===
Grantha includes five long vowels, five short vowels, two vocalic consonants, ṛ and ḷ which are treated as vowels and may be short or long, and two part-vowels, ''anusvara'' {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|◌𑌂}}}} ṁ and ''visarga'', {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|◌𑌃}}}} ḥ. Independent vowel letters are used for word-initial vowels. Otherwise, vowels, vocalics, and part-vowels are written as diacritics attached to consonants. Each consonant in Grantha includes an inherent vowel ''a'', so the letter {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕}}}}, for example, is pronounced ka. Adding a vowel diacritic modifies the vowel sound, so {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕}}}} plus the diacritic {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌓}}}}, gives the syllable {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕𑍋}}}}, ''ko''. The absence of a vowel is marked with a [[virāma]] {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|◌𑍍}}}}, for example, {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕}}}} {{Transliteration|Gran|ISO|ka}} plus {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|◌𑍍}}}} creates an isolated consonant {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕𑍍}}}} ''k''.

{| class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Short vowels, vocalics, half vowels, diacritics, and examples with {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌕}}}}, ka.
|-
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=a|ch=𑌅}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=i|ch=𑌇}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=u|ch=𑌉}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ṛ|ch=𑌋}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ḷ|ch=𑌌}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=e|ch=𑌏}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=o|ch=𑌓}}
| {{letter|ch=◌|note={{noteTag|name=virama|group=vowels|The ''virama'' has no independent form because it is not a vowel. It is a diacritic that ''suppresses'' a letter's inherent vowel, leaving an isolated consonant.}}}}
| {{letter|ch=◌|note={{noteTag|name=anusvara|group=vowels|The ''anusvara'' and ''visarga'' have no independent forms because they can only modify a syllable's vowel.}}}}
| {{letter|ch=◌|note={{noteTag|name=anusvara|group=vowels}}}}
|-
| {{letter|ch=◌|note={{noteTag|name=a|group=vowels|The vowel ''a'' has no corresponding diacritic since every consonant carries an inherent ''a''.}}}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑌿}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍁}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍃}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍢}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍇}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍋}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍍}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌂|iso=ṁ}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌃|iso=ḥ}}
|-
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ka|ch=𑌕}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ki|ch=𑌕𑌿}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ku|ch=𑌕𑍁}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=kṛ|ch=𑌕𑍃}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=kḷ|ch=𑌕𑍢}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ke|ch=𑌕𑍇}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ko|ch=𑌕𑍋}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=k|ch=𑌕𑍍}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑌂|iso=kaṁ}}
|{{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=𑌕𑌃|iso=kaḥ}}
|}
{{noteFoot|group=vowels}}
{| class="wikitable letters-teal"
|+ Long vowels, their diacritics, and examples with {{angbr|{{Script|Gran|𑌮}}}}, ma.
|-
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ā|ch=𑌆}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ī|ch=𑌈}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran||iso=ū|ch=𑌊}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ṝ|ch=𑍠}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ḹ|ch=𑍡}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ai|ch=𑌐}}
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=au|ch=𑌔}}
|- class=letters-lo
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑌾}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍀}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍂}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍄}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍣}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍈}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|ch=◌𑍌}}
|- class=letters-lo
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mā|ch=𑌮𑌾}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mī|ch=𑌮𑍀}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran||iso=mū|ch=𑌮𑍂}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mṝ|ch=𑌮𑍄}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mḹ|ch=𑌮𑍣}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mai|ch=𑌮𑍈}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=mau|ch=𑌮𑍌}}
|}

There are a few [[typographical ligature|ligatures]] of consonants with vowel [[diacritic]]s and of consonants with ''virāma''.

{| class="wikitable letters-teal"
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ṭi|tops=𑌟+ ◌𑌿|ch=𑌟𑌿}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ṭī|tops=𑌟+ ◌𑍀|ch=𑌟𑍀}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ḷī|tops=𑌳+ ◌𑍀|ch=𑌳𑍀}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=ṭ|tops=𑌟 + ◌𑍍|ch=𑌟𑍍}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=t|tops=𑌤 + ◌𑍍|ch=𑌤𑍍}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=n|tops=𑌨+ ◌𑍍|ch=𑌨𑍍}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|iso=m|tops=𑌮 + ◌𑍍|ch=𑌮𑍍}}
|}

===Numerals===
{| class="wikitable letters-teal"
|-
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=0|ch=௦}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=1|ch=௧}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=2|ch=௨}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=3|ch=௩}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=4|ch=௪}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=5|ch=௫}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=6|ch=௬}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=7|ch=௭}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=8|ch=௮}}
| {{letter|l=ta|s=Gran|top=9|ch=௯}}
|}
[[File:Tamil-Palm-1 (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|A palm leaf manuscript in Sanskrit written in Grantha script.]]
[[File:1863 CE palm leaf manuscript, Jaiminiya Aranyaka Gana, Samaveda (unidentified layer of texts), Sanskrit, Southern Grantha script, Malayali scribe Kecavan, sample ii.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|A Grantha script on palm leaf copy of the [[Samaveda]], a Sanskrit Vedic text.]]

===Sample text===
;Sanskrit in Grantha Script
{{lang|sa|{{Script|Gran|𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑍇 𑌮𑌾𑌨𑌵𑌾𑌃 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌤𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌃 𑌸𑌮𑍁𑌤𑍍𑌪𑌨𑍍𑌨𑌾𑌃 𑌵𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍇 𑌅𑌪𑌿 𑌚, 𑌗𑍌𑌰𑌵𑌦𑍃𑌶𑌾 𑌅𑌧𑌿𑌕𑌾𑌰𑌦𑍃𑌶𑌾 𑌚 𑌸𑌮𑌾𑌨𑌾𑌃 𑌏𑌵 𑌵𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍇। 𑌏𑌤𑍇 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑍇 𑌚𑍇𑌤𑌨𑌾-𑌤𑌰𑍍𑌕-𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌿𑌭𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌂 𑌸𑍁𑌸𑌮𑍍𑌪𑌨𑍍𑌨𑌾𑌃 𑌸𑌨𑍍𑌤𑌿। 𑌅𑌪𑌿 𑌚, 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑍇𑌽𑌪𑌿 𑌬𑌨𑍍𑌧𑍁𑌤𑍍𑌵-𑌭𑌾𑌵𑌨𑌯𑌾 𑌪𑌰𑌸𑍍𑌪𑌰𑌂 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌵𑌹𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍁।}}}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Sanskrit (Grantha) |url=http://efele.net/udhr/d/udhr_san_gran.html |website=UDHR in XML Project |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>
;Latin script transliteration
{{lang|sa|sarve mānavāḥ svatantrāḥ samutpannāḥ vartante api ca, gauravadr̥śā adhikāradr̥śā ca samānāḥ eva vartante. ete sarve cetanā-tarka-śaktibhyāṁ susampannāḥ santi. api ca, sarve´pi bandhutva-bhāvanayā parasparaṁ vyavaharantu.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Grantha alphabet for Sanskrit |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/grantha.htm |website=www.omniglot.com |access-date=27 May 2024 |ref=omni}}</ref>
;English
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]])

==Comparison with other South Indian and Sri Lankan scripts==
{{plain row headers}}
{| class="wikitable plain-row-headers"
|+ Comparison of some Grantha letters with [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]], [[Sinhalese script|Sinhalese]], and [[Tamil script|Tamil]]
|- class="letters-teal"
! scope="row" |Grantha
|{{letter|ch=𑌕|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ka}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌙|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ṅa}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌚|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ca}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌞|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ña}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌟|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ṭa}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌣|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ṇa}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌤|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ta}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌨|l=ta|s=Gran|top=na}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌪|l=ta|s=Gran|top=pa}}
|{{letter|ch=𑌮|l=ta|s=Gran|top=ma}}
|- class="letters-green"
! scope="row" |Malayalam
|{{letter|ch=ക|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ങ|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ച|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ഞ|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ട|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ണ|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ത|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=ന|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=പ|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|{{letter|ch=മ|l=ml|s=Mlym}}
|- class="letters-orange"
! scope="row" |Sinhalese
|{{letter|ch=ක|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ඞ|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ච|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ඤ|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ට|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ණ|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ත|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=න|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ප|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|{{letter|ch=ම|l=si|s=Sinh}}
|-
! scope="row" |Tamil
|{{letter|ch=க|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ங|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ச|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ஞ|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ட|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ண|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=த|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ந|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ப|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|{{letter|ch=ம|l=ta|s=Taml}}
|}

==Unicode==
{{Main|Grantha (Unicode block)}}
Grantha script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block for Grantha is U+11300–U+1137F:
{{Unicode chart Grantha}}

===Unification with Tamil===
Some proposed to reunify [[Extended Tamil script|Grantha and Tamil]];<ref>Sharma, Shriramana. (2010a). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10256r-extended-tamil.pdf ''Proposal to encode characters for Extended Tamil''.]</ref><ref>Sharma, Shriramana. (2010b). [http://unicode.org/L2/L2010/10379--extended-tamil.pdf ''Follow-up to Extended Tamil proposal L2/10-256R''.]</ref> however, the proposal triggered discontent by some.<ref>Eraiyarasan, B. (2011). [https://unicode.org/L2/L2011/11055-tamil-grantha.pdf ''Dr. B.Eraiyarasan’s comments on Tamil Unicode And Grantham proposals''.]</ref><ref>Nalankilli, Thanjai. (2018). Attempts to "Pollute" Tamil Unicode with Grantha Characters. ''Tamil Tribune''. Retrieved 13 May 2019 from https://web.archive.org/web/20200306030655/http://www.tamiltribune.com/18/1201.html</ref> Considering the sensitivity involved, it was determined that the two scripts should not be unified, except for the numerals.<ref>Government of India. (2010). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10409-grantha-meeting-sum.pdf ''Unicode Standard for Grantha Script''.]</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Grünendahl, Reinhold. (2001). [https://archive.org/details/SouthIndianScriptsInSanskritManuscriptsAndPrintsGrunendalh/ ''South Indian Scripts in Sanskrit Manuscripts And Prints'']. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag. {{ISBN|3-447-04504-3}}
*Venugopalan, K. (1983). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090907004129/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/dig_toc.html?BOOKID=PK419.V468_1983 ''A primer in Grantha characters''].

==External links==
{{Commons category |Grantha script}}
* [http://www.ancientscripts.com/grantha.html Quick facts about Grantha at AncientScripts.com]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/grantha.htm Article at Omniglot]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100111183842/http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/ins3.htm Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department – Grantha Webpage]
*[http://noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D Digitised Grantha Books]
* [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/grantha-lipitva Online Tutorial for Grantha Script]
* [https://www.scribd.com/document/380382710/Prarambha-Grantha-English Learn Grantha Basics]

{{List of writing systems}}
{{Tamil language}}
{{Kawi family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grantha Script}}
[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Tamil language]]
[[Category:Tamil script]]

Timeline of Maharashtra history

2026-02-19T13:50:43Z

HungHanks23355: general improved lead per sources further and cleaned formatting after review

{{short description|None}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}

* 600 BC: One of the 16 great [[janapada]]s, named [[Ashmaka]]
* 230 BC to 225 AD: ruled by the [[Satavahana]]s
* 250 to 525: The [[Vakataka]]s brought the [[Vidharba]] under their rule.
* 550 to 760: Ruled by the Chalukyas ([[Badami Chalukyas]])
* 640: Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] visited Maharashtra
* 973: [[Rashtrakutas]] rule comes to an end
* 973 to 1180: Ruled by the Chalukyas ([[Western Chalukyas]] or [[Kalyani Chalukyas]])
* 1189 to 1310: Ruled by the [[Yadava]]s of [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Deogiri]] ([[Seunas]])
* 1296: [[Alauddin Khalji|Alla-ud-din Khilji]], the first Muslim [[sultan]] of the north, penetrated the [[Deccan]], defeated the Yadavas, and carried away a huge hoard of loot.
* 1534: Portuguese occupied [[Mumbai]].
* 1659: [[Shivaji]] captured [[Satara (city)|Satara]] from [[Bijapur Sultanate]], and led a revolt against the [[Mughal Empire]]
* 1661: Mumbai transferred from Portugal to Britain
* 1668: British government transferred Mumbai to the British [[East India Company]]
* 1674: Chatrapati Shivaji became the first King of the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]]
* 1680: Death of Chatrapati Shivaji
* 1689: Death of [[Sambhaji]]
*1707: [[Shahu I]] became Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
*1720: [[Bajirao]] I became [[peshwa]] (prime minister)
* 1740: Death of Bajirao I
* 1756: Marathas captured the town of [[Attock]] (now in north-west Pakistan). Maratha Empire reached its largest extent.
* 14 January 1761: Marathas lost the [[Third Battle of Panipat]].
* 1775–1782: [[First Anglo-Maratha War]]
* 1803–1805: [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]
* 1817–1818: [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]
* 3 June 1818: [[Baji Rao II|Bajirao II]] surrendered to the British
* 15 August 1947: Independence of India
* 1 November 1956: [[Bombay state]] enlarged to include all of present Maharashtra.
* 1 May 1960: Bombay state split along linguistic lines into new states of [[Gujarat]] and Maharashtra.<ref>Thamke, Abhishek. ''History of Maharashtra: History of Maharashtra''. Abhishek Thamke, 2015.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of Maharashtra| ]]
[[Category:Timelines of Indian states|Maharashtra]]

Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair

2026-02-12T03:14:05Z

HungHanks23355: quick updated page per sources and improved wording for accuracy

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{family name hatnote|Thikkurissy|Sukumaran Nair|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
| image = Thikkurissy.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Sukumaran Nair
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = Thickurichy, Near [[Marthandam]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]] (present day [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|03|11|1916|10|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[film director]]|[[film producer]]}}
| years_active = 1950–1997
| spouse = {{ubl|Sarojini Kunjamma|Ambalapuzha Meenakshy Amma|K. Sulochana Devi}}
| partner =
| children = 4
| parents = {{ubl|M. C. Govinda Pillai|N. Lekshmi Amma}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1973)
}}

'''Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair''' (16 October 1916{{spaced ndash}}11 March 1997) was an Indian [[poet]], [[playwright]], [[Screenwriter|script writer]], [[lyricist]], [[orator]], [[film director]] and [[actor]], though he is best known as an actor in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He is the recipient of [[Padma Shri]] from the Government of India, which the fourth highest civilian honour in India. In a career that spanned about 47 years, he acted in over 700 films. He is considered to be the "first [[superstar]] of [[Malayalam cinema]]".<ref name="The Hindu 01">[https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/malayalams-first-super-star/article6471449.ece "Malayalam's first super star"]. ''The Hindu''. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</ref> In 1993, he was honoured with the [[J. C. Daniel Award]], [[Government of Kerala|Kerala government]]'s highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

==Early life==
Sukumaran Nair was born on 16 October 1916 in the village of Thikkurissy, [[Nagercoil]], then part of [[Travancore]]. The village of Thikkurissy is now in Nanchilnadu, [[Nagercoil]], [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was born to N. Lekshmi Amma and M. C. Govinda Pillai of the Mangat house, an aristocratic [[Nair]] family.<ref name=thikkurissy>[http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/biography_main.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717044310/http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/biography_main.html |date=17 July 2011 }}. Thikkurissy.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref> He was a good writer and an orator even when he was doing his schooling in Marthandam Government Boys School. He wrote his first poem at the age of 8 and his poem was published for the first time when he was 14 in ''Dhakshina Bharathi''. His poems were collectively published as a book named ''Kedavilakku'' when he was 20.<ref name="Weblokam profile: Page 1">[http://www.weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/0510/15/1051015029_1.htm Weblokam profile: Page 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118032957/http://www.weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/0510/15/1051015029_1.htm |date=18 November 2007 }}. Weblokam.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref> His parents wanted him to secure a government job, but he launched his career in writing and arts even before he completed his studies. Incidentally, his sister [[Omana Kunjamma|L. Omanakkunjamma]] was the first female magistrate in India.<ref name="Weblokam profile: Page 1"/>

==Career==
He launched his career as a [[playwright]]. His plays ''Mareechika'' and ''Kalakaran'' were hugely successful. He then went on to write three more—''Sthree'', ''Maya'' and ''Sheriyo Thetto''—that revolutionised the professional play scenario in [[Malayalam]]. He replaced the melodramatic romantic musicals, which ruled the roost till then, with dialogue centred prose plays having themes of [[realism (arts)|realism]] and social importance.<ref name=thikkurissy/>

He entered the [[Malayalam film]] industry in 1950, which was in its early years with only about 10 films produced.<ref name="malayalamcinema.com: Cinema History">[http://malayalamcinema.com/Content-4/CinemaHistory.html Cinema History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223132036/http://malayalamcinema.com/Content-4/CinemaHistory.html |date=23 December 2008 }}. malayalamcinema.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref> He debuted in the industry with the film adaptation of his breakthrough play ''Sthree''. He produced the film and played the protagonist as well. It failed to make much impact at the box office, the film scene in [[Kerala]] then being ruled by [[Tamil films|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] films. Thikkurussy's next film ''[[Jeevitha Nouka]]'' (1951), produced by K and K Productions and directed by K. Vembu, was a turning point in Malayalam film history. It dealt with the theme of ego clashes in a joint family and was a big commercial success: It is touted as the first superhit in Malayalam film history.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161016064106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1422985.ece "Jeevitha Nauka 1951"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. 16 August 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-a-z-of-malayalam-cinema/20120420.htm "Special: The A-Z of Malayalam cinema"]. [[Rediff]]. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2023.</ref> The success also made Thikkurissy the first superstar of Kerala.<ref name="The Hindu 01"/> ''Jeevitha nouka'' was dubbed into four languages including [[Hindi]]. In 1952, he acted in ''Navalokam'' with a socially significant theme with Miss Kumari, who would later become the pet of the masses after the success of ''Neelakkuyil'' (1954). ''Navalokam'' did not make it big at the box office, but Thikkurissy cemented his superstardom with a big hit in the same year.

''Visappinte Vili'' had [[Prem Nazir]], then a novice. Thikkurissy coined Prem Nazir's screen name (his actual name was Abdul Khader). In 1953, another landmark of his ''Sheriyo Thetto'', was released. It was a film adaptation of his play of the same name. ''Sheriyo Thetto'' had him handling the story, screenplay, dialogues, lyrics and direction departments besides playing the pivotal role.<ref name="thikkurissy.com: Movies">[http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/movies.html Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926032050/http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/movies.html |date=26 September 2008 }}. thikkurissy.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref> With that Thikkurissy established himself as an inseparable element of Malayalam film industry. In 1968, he acted in the first full-length comedy film, ''[[Viruthan Shanku]]'', directed by [[P. Venu]]. He was credited with lyrics, screenplay and direction in many films. The 13 films for which he was the lyricist includes ''Sthree'', ''Palunku Paathram'', ''Devasundari'', ''Urvashi Bharathi'', ''Poojapushpam'' and ''Balloon''.<ref name="thikkurissy.com: Movies"/> He wrote story and screenplay for ''Muthalali'' and ''Aana Valarthiya Vanampadi''. He directed the films ''Sheriyo Thetto, Poojapushpam, Achante Bharya, Palunkupathram, Saraswati, Nurse'' and ''Urvashi Bharathi''. His major acting ventures are ''Jeevithanauka, Navalokam, Visappinte Vili, Iruttinte Atmavu, Swayamvaram, Umma, Bhakthakuchela, Nadi, Thulabharam, Maya, Abhijathyam, Surveykkallu, Avanazhi and Aryan''.<ref name="Weblokam profile: p. 2">[http://www.weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/0510/15/1051015029_2.htm Weblokam profile: p. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706003835/http://www.weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/0510/15/1051015029_2.htm |date=6 July 2007 }}. Weblokam.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref>

==Screen-naming==
Thikkurussy coined screen-names of many actors in Malayalam cinema. Actors who were renamed by Thikkurissy include
*[[Prem Nazir]]; actual name: Abdul Khader<ref name="The Hindu: Talent Unlimited">Prema Manmadhan (14 October 2005). {{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/14/stories/2005101400680100.htm |title=The Hindu: Talent Unlimited |access-date=28 November 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224104915/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/14/stories/2005101400680100.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 }}.</ref>
*S. J. Dev (stage actor and father of [[Rajan P. Dev]]); actual name: Devassia<ref name="The Hindu: Talent Unlimited"/>
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]; actual name: Madhavan Nair<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201011220906/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005042306030400.htm&date=2005%2F04%2F23%2F&prd=th The Hindu: J.C. Daniel Award for Madhu]}}. Hinduonnet.com (23 April 2005). Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref>
*[[Jose Prakash]]; actual name: K. J. Joseph
*[[Bahadoor]]; actual name: Kunjali
*[[Kuthiravattom Pappu]]; actual name: Padmadalakshan

==Personal life==
Thikkurissy was married three times. His first wife was Sarojini Kunjamma, the daughter of Madhavan Unnithan from the Samudayathil family in [[Karuvatta]], [[Haripad]]. They had two daughters: Shyamala Devi Kunjamma, also known as Lekha, who worked as an executive engineer in Ernakulam, and Geethadevi Kunjamma, a housewife in Pujappura, Thiruvananthapuram. After his separation from Sarojini, Thikkurissy married stage actress Ambalapuzha Meenakshy Amma. They had a son, Rajahamsan, who now lives in Chennai. This marriage also ended, and Thikkurissy later married K. Sulochana Devi, a singer and dancer. This third marriage lasted over four decades until his death. They had a daughter, Kanakasree, who was interested in poetry like her father. Kanakasree died in a motorcycle accident in 1989.<ref>[http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/biography.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828004504/http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/biography.html |date=28 August 2008 }}. thikkurissy.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref> In his later years, Thikkurissy suffered from various health issues due to his age. He died on 11 March 1997, at the age of 80, in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, due to kidney failure.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ranker.com/review/thikkurissy-sukumaran-nair/9533841?l=524456 | title=Famous people who died of renal failure | publisher=[[Ranker]] | date=30 November 2023 | accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref>

==Awards==
The major awards that he received are:<ref>[http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/awards.html Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121032535/http://www.thikkurissy.com/html/awards.html |date=21 November 2008 }}. thikkurissy.com (4 January 1996). Retrieved on 24 September 2012.</ref>

*[[Padma Shri]] from the [[Government of India]] − 1973
*[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] − 1986<ref>{{Cite web |year=1987 |title=Filmfare Awards 1986 |url=https://ia804507.us.archive.org/13/items/34th-filmfare-south-winners/34th%20Filmfare%20South%20winners.jpg |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |publication-date=1987-10-16}}</ref>
*[[Kerala State Film Award]] for Best Actor − 1972
*[[J. C. Daniel Award]] ([[Kerala State Film Award]] for Lifetime Achievement) – 1995
*[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] − 1983<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-ksna/457|title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship: Drama|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
*Mannathu Padmanabhan Award − 1989
*Film Readers Gallup-poll Award − 1963
*All Kerala Social Service Association Award − 1971
*Bombay Nirthya Sindhu Award − 1991
*Guru Chengannur Award 1991
*[[Prem Nazir]] Award − 1992
*N.Krishna Pillai Award 1992
*Palakkad Film Festival Award − 1995
*Pushpasree Award − 1995
*Bangalore Kalavedi Award − 1994
*Film Critics Association Award − 1995
*Kerala Kaumudhi Readers Club Award − 1994
*Film Guidance Society Award − 1996
*Government of India Emeritus Fellowship for Contribution in the field of Art and Literature From 1 April 1996 to 31 March 1998
*Talents of Universities Creative Heights Award − 1996
*Navachedhana Award − 1994
*Soorya Award − 1994
*Travancore Devaswam Board Award. – 1972
*Sree Moolanagaram Fine Arts Society Award − 1997
*Abhinaya Saamrat − 1991
*Nataka Chakravarthy − 1991
*Chalachithra Prathibha − 1993
*Chalachithra Rathnam − 1994
*Chalachithra Acharyan − 1994
*Malayala Chalachithra Kulapathy 1994
*Sarasadrutha Kavi − 1994
*Kala Vibhooshan − 1994
*Bheeshma Charya − 1994
*Sarvakala Sarva Bhouman − 1994
*Guru Karanavar − 1995
*Kala Jyothi − 1996
*Sarasa Vachaspathy − 1996
*Sadasya Thilakan − 1996

==Selected filmography==

===Direction===
* ''[[Urvashi Bharathi]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Achante Bharya]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Palunku Pathram]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Saraswathi (film)|Saraswathi]]'' (1970)
* ''Nurse'' (1969)
* ''[[Poojapushpam]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Sheriyo Thetto]]'' (1953)

===Writing===
* ''Aana Valarthiyal Vanampadiyude Makan'' (1971)
* ''Muthalali'' (1965)
* ''Sabarimala Shri Ayyappan'' (1962)
* ''Devasundari'' (1957)
* ''Sthree'' (1950)
* ''Kettinethinu Vaasanathailam''
* ''Urvashi Bharati''

===Acting===
A full acting filmography list is available here.<ref>[http://www.thikkurissy.com/docs/movies.pdf Please go through some of the finest performances of Thikkurissy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041019115818/http://www.thikkurissy.com/docs/movies.pdf |date=19 October 2004 }}. thikkurissy.com</ref>

====1950s====
{{colbegin}}
* ''Sthree'' (1950)
* ''[[Sasidharan]]'' (1950)
* ''[[Chandrika (1950 film)|Chandrika]]'' (1950)
* ''Navalokam'' (1951) as Kuruppu
* ''[[Jeevitha Nouka]]'' (1951) as Soman
* ''Visappinte Vili'' (1952)
* ''Andaman Kaithi'' (1952)
* ''Amma'' (1952)
* ''Achan'' (1952)
* ''Sheriyo Thetto'' (1953)
* ''Ponkathir'' (1953)
* ''Sneehaseema'' (1954)
* ''Puthradharmam'' (1954)
* ''Kidappadam'' (1954)
* ''Kalam Marunnu'' (1955)
* ''[[Harishchandra (1955 film)|Harishchandra]]'' (1955)
* ''Atmarpanam'' (1956)
* ''Thaskaraveeran'' (1957)
* ''Devasundari'' (1957)
* ''Atchanum Makanum'' (1957)
* ''Randidangazhi'' (1958)
* ''[[Mariakutty]]'' (1958) as Pariyalle Kuruvachan
* ''Aana Valarthiyal Vanampady'' (1959)
{{colend}}

====1960s====
{{Colbegin}}
* ''Umma'' (1960) as Abobacker Haji
* ''Seeta'' (1960)
* ''Poothali'' (1960)
* ''Unniyarcha'' (1961) as Kannappa Chekavar
* ''Shri Sabarimalai Shri Ayyappan'' (1961)
* ''[[Kandam Bacha Kotte]]'' (1961) as Alikoya Haji
* ''Jnaanasundari'' (1961) as King Philip
* ''[[Christmas Rathri]]'' (1961) as George
* ''Bhakta Kuchela'' (1961) as Kamsan
* ''Viyarpintae Vila'' (1962)
* ''Velu Thampi Dhalava'' (1962)
* ''[[Snehadeepam]]'' (1962) as Sreedharan
* ''Shree Rama Pattabhishekam'' (1962)
* ''Shreekovil'' (1962)
* ''Sabarimalai Shri Ayyappan'' (1962)
* ''Laila Majnu'' (1962)
* ''[[Snapaka Yohannan]]'' (1963) as Herodias Anthippas
* ''Sathyabhama'' (1963)
* ''Nithya Kanyaka'' (1963)
* ''Kalayum Kaminiyum'' (1963)
* ''Doctor'' (1963) as Madhava Menon
* ''Chilamboli'' (1963)
* ''Thacholi Othenan'' (1964)
* ''Shree Guruvayoorappan'' (1964) as Villumangalam Swami
* ''School Master'' (1964) as Raman Pilla
* ''Omanakuttan'' (1964)
* ''Kudumbini'' (1964) as Raghava Kuruppu
* ''[[Karutha Kai]]'' (1964) as Thampi
* ''Kalanju Kittiya Thankam'' (1964) as Bhaskara Pilla
* ''Devaalayam'' (1964)
* ''Ayesha'' (1964)
* ''Atom Bomb'' (1964) as Kurungodu
* ''Shakuntala'' (1965)
* ''Rosy'' (1965)
* ''[[Odayil Ninnu (film)|Odeyil Ninnu]]'' (1965) as Kuruppu
* ''Muthalali'' (1965)
* ''[[Mayavi (1965 film)|Mayavi]]'' (1965) as Krishna Menon
* ''Kochumon'' (1965)
* ''Kattu Pookkal'' (1965) as Thommachan
* ''Kathirunna Nikah'' (1965)
* ''Kaliyodum'' (1965)
* ''[[Jeevitha Yaathra]]'' (1965) as Parameshwara Kurup
* ''Inapravugal'' (1965)
* ''Chettathi'' (1965)
* ''Bhoomiyile Malakha'' (1965)
* ''Tilottama'' (1966)
* ''Tharavatamma'' (1966) as Keshavankutty
* ''[[Puthri]]'' (1966) as Kunjachan
* ''Priyathama'' (1966)
* ''Poocha Kanni'' (1966)
* ''Mayor Nair'' (1966)
* ''Kusruthy Kuttan'' (1966)
* ''Koottukar'' (1966)
* ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunni (1966 film)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]'' (1966) as Kunjunni Panikkar
* ''Karuna'' (1966)
* ''Kanmanikal'' (1966)
* ''Kanaka Chilanga'' (1966)
* ''Kallipennu'' (1966)
* ''Kadamattathachan'' (1966)
* ''Jail'' (1966)
* ''Iruttinde Athmavu'' (1966) as Karanavar
* ''[[Anarkali (1966 film)|Anarkali]]'' (1966) as Jaya Singhan
* ''Post Man'' (1967)
* ''Pareeksha'' (1967) as Janardhanan Pilla
* ''Naadan Pennu'' (1967)
* ''[[Iruttinte Athmavu]]'' (1967) as Madhavan Nair
* ''Madatharuvi'' (1967)
* ''Chitra Mela'' (1967) as (segment "Apaswarangal")
* ''Anveshichu Kandethiyilla'' (1967)
* ''[[Viruthan Shanku]]'' (1968)
* ''Vidyarthi'' (1968)
* ''Vazhi Pizhacha Santhathy'' (1968)
* ''Thulabharam'' (1968) as R.K.Menon
* ''[[Punnapra Vayalar]]'' (1968) as Maariyaveedan
* ''Manaswini'' (1968)
* ''Kodungalluramma'' (1968)
* ''Inspector'' (1968)
* ''[[Hotel High Range]]'' (1968) as Rajasahib
* ''Aparadhini'' (1968)
* ''Adyapika'' (1968)
* ''Poojapushpam'' (1969)
* ''Nurse'' (1969)
* ''Nadhi'' (1969) as Mattummel Thomachan
* ''[[Kumara Sambhavam]]'' (1969) as Himavat
* ''Chattambi Kavala'' (1969)
* ''Ballatha Pahayan'' (1969) as Beerankunju Hajiyar
* ''Aalmaram'' (1969)
{{colend}}

====1970s====
{{Colbegin}}
* ''[[Nilakkatha Chalanangal]]'' (1970)
* ''Vivaham Swargathil'' (1970)
* ''Triveni'' (1970) as Padmanabhan
* ''Thara'' as Keshavankutty Nair
* ''[[Saraswathi (film)|Saraswathi]]'' (1970)
* ''Sabarimala Shri Dharmasastha'' (1970)
* ''[[Palunkupathram]]'' (1970)
* ''Othenente Makan'' (1970)
* ''Nizhalattam'' (1970) as Karunakaran
* ''Nazhikakallu'' (1970)
* ''Ezhuthatha Katha'' (1970)
* ''Cross Belt'' (1970) as Krishnan Thampi
* ''Amma Enna Stree'' (1970)
* ''Puthanveedu'' (1971)
* ''Neethi'' (1971)
* ''Muthassi'' (1971)
* ''Lanka Dahanam'' (1971)
* ''Kalithozhi'' (1971)
* ''Achante Bharya'' (1971)
* ''[[Makane Ninakku Vendi]]'' (1971) as Mamachan
* ''Aana Valarthiyal Vanampadiyude Makan'' (1971)
* ''[[Aabhijathyam]]'' (1971) as Shankara Menon
* ''[[Prathikaram]]'' (1972) as Pankajakshan Nair
* ''Thavaputhalvan'' (1972)
* ''Swayamvaram'' (1972)
* ''Sree Guruvayoorappan'' (1972)
* ''Sakthi'' (1972)
* ''Professor'' (1972)
* ''Maya'' (1972) as Decent Sankara Pilla
* ''Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka'' (1972) as K. B. Menon
* ''Aromalunni'' (1972)
* ''Achanum Bappayum'' (1972)
* ''Aaradi Manninte Janmi'' (1972)
* ''Urvashi Bharathi'' (1973)
* ''Thiruvabharanam'' (1973)
* ''[[Thaniniram]]'' (1973) as Gopalan Master
* ''Swarga Puthri'' (1973) as Mathai
* ''Sasthram Jayichu Manushyan Thottu'' (1973) as Dr. Govinda Menon
* ''Preathangalude Thazhvaram'' (1973)
* ''Ponnapuram Kotta'' (1973)
* ''Padmavyooham'' (1973)
* ''Pacha Nottukal'' (1973)
* ''Nakhangal'' (1973)
* ''Kavitha'' (1973)
* ''Kattu Vitachavan'' (1973)
* ''[[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Kaadu]]'' (1973/II) as Kattumooppan
* ''Jesus'' (1973)
* ''Divyadharsanam'' (1973)
* ''Chenda'' (1973)
* ''Angathattu'' (1973)
* ''Aasha Chakram'' (1973)
* ''Youvanam'' (1974)
* ''[[Vishnu Vijayam]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Thumbolarcha]]'' (1974) as Kannappa Chekavar
* ''Swarna Vigraham'' (1974)
* ''Suprabhatham'' (1974)
* ''Saptha Swarangal'' (1974) as Govinda Panikkar
* ''Pattabhisekam'' (1974)
* ''[[Pancha Thanthram]]'' (1974)
* ''Nellu'' (1974) as Chevara Perukki
* ''Nathoon'' (1974)
* ''Nagaram Sagaram'' (1974)
* ''Nadee Nadanmare Aavashyamunde'' (1974)
* ''Manyasree Viswamitran'' (1974)
* ''Devi Kanyakumari'' (1974)
* ''Check Post'' (1974)
* ''Ayalathe Sundari'' (1974)
* ''Thomashleeha'' (1975)
* ''Thiruvonam'' (1975)
* ''Swarna Matsyam'' (1975)
* ''Swami Ayyappan'' (1975)
* ''Soorya Vamsam'' (1975)
* ''Sathyathinte Nizhalil'' (1975)
* ''Sammanam'' (1975)
* ''Padmaragam'' (1975)
* ''[[Neela Ponman]]'' (1975) as Sankara Prabhu
* ''Mattoru Seetha'' (1975)
* ''Manishada'' (1975)
* ''Kottaram Vilakkanundu'' (1975)
* ''Kalayana Sougandhikam'' (1975)
* ''Dharmakshetre Kurukshetre'' (1975)
* ''Cheenavala'' (1975) as Rana
* ''[[Chattambikkalyaani]]'' (1975) as Daivam Mathai
* ''Bharya Illaatha Rathri'' (1975)
* ''Babu Mon'' (1975)
* ''Alibaba and Forty-one Thieves'' (1975) as Ameer
* ''Abhimanam'' (1975)
* ''Aaranya Kaandum'' (1975)
* ''Yaksha Gaanam'' (1976)
* ''Vazhi Vilakku'' (1976)
* ''Themmadi Vellappan'' (1976)
* ''Swimming Pool'' (1976)
* ''Sreemadh Bhagwad Geetha'' (1976)
* ''Sita Swayamvar'' (1976)
* ''Seemantha Puthran'' (1976)
* ''Sarvekkalu'' (1976)
* ''Romeo'' (1976)
* ''Rajanganam'' (1976)
* ''Mailanum Mathevanum'' (1976)
* ''Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Maghan'' (1976)
* ''Dheere Sameere Yamuna Theere'' (1976)
* ''Chirikudukka'' (1976) as Sadashivan Nair
* ''Chennai Valarthiya Kutty'' (1976)
* ''Appooppan'' (1976)
* ''Amrudha Vahini'' (1976) as Thampi
* ''Ammini Ammavan'' (1976)
* ''Amba Ambika Ambalika'' (1976)
* ''Abhinandanam'' (1976)
* ''Yatheem'' (1977) as Mammali Sayivu
* ''Vishukkani'' (1977)
* ''Thuruppu Gulam'' (1977)
* ''Soorya Kanthi'' (1977)
* ''Satyavan Savithri'' (1977)
* ''Saghakkale Munottu'' (1977)
* ''Rathi Manmathan'' (1977)
* ''Parivarthanam'' (1977)
* ''Niraparayum Nilavilakkum'' (1977)
* ''Mini Mol'' (1977)
* ''Manas Oru Mayil'' (1977)
* ''Kodiyettam'' (1977)
* ''Kavilamma'' (1977)
* ''[[Kannappanunni]]'' (1977) as Kannappan Chekavar
* ''Harsha Bhashpam'' (1977)
* ''Chathur Vedam'' (1977)
* ''Samudram'' (1977) as College Principal
* ''Aparadhi'' (1977)
* ''Aparaajitha'' (1977)
* ''Thacholy Ambu'' (1978)
* ''Sundharimarude Swapnangal'' (1978)
* ''Itha Oru Manushyan'' (1978)
* ''Society Lady'' (1978)
* ''Snehikkan Oru Pennu'' (1978)
* ''Manooradham'' (1978)
* ''Madhurikkunna Rathri'' (1978)
* ''Madanolsavam'' (1978) as Ambadi Rajasekharan Thampi
* ''Kanyaka'' (1978)
* ''Kanal Kattakal'' (1978) as Dr.Kumar
* ''Kalpa Vriksham'' (1978) as Sankaran Menon
* ''Kadathanattu Maakkam'' (1978)
* ''Jayikkanaayi Janichavan'' (1978)
* ''Chakrayudham'' (1978)
* ''Avar Jeevikkunnu'' (1978)
* ''Asthamayam'' (1978)
* ''Ashtamudi Kayal'' (1978)
* ''Vaaleduthaven Vaalaal'' (1979)
* ''Sayoojyam'' (1979)
* ''Puthiya Velicham'' (1979) as Lohithakshan Bhagavathar
* ''Pratheeksha'' (1979)
* ''Prabhatha Sandhya'' (1979)
* ''Ponnil Kulicha Rathri'' (1979)
* ''Pennorumbettaal'' (1979)
* ''Paapathinu Maranamilla'' (1979)
* ''Manushiyan'' (1979)
* ''Mamangam'' (1979) as King of Valluvanadu
* ''Iniyum Kaanaam'' (1979)
* ''Ini Ethra Sandhyakal'' (1979)
* ''Hridhayathinte Nirangal'' (1979)
* ''[[Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum]]'' (1979) as Shehan Sha
* ''Ajnatha Theerangal'' (1979)
{{Colend}}

====1980s====
{{colbegin}}
* ''Swathu'' (1980)
* ''Seetha'' (1980)
* ''Paallattu Kunjikannan'' (1980)
* ''Ambalavilakku'' (1980) as Ramavarmma
* ''Adhikaram'' (1980) as P.K.P
* ''Valarthu Mrigangal'' (1981) as Circus Owner Madhavan
* ''Thaalam Manasinte Thaalam'' (1981)
* ''Sanchari'' (1981)
* ''Grihalakshmi'' (1981)
* ''Padayottam'' (1982) as Kolathiri Rajavu
* ''Ithu Njangalude Katha'' (1982) as Ramankutty's Uncle
* ''Ithum Oru Jeevitham'' (1982)
* ''Ayudham'' (1982)
* ''Balooon'' (1982) as Aravindaksha Menon
* ''Ahagaaram'' (1983)
* ''[[Oru Sumangaliyude Katha]]'' (1984) as Yamuna's father
* ''Oru Nimisham Tharu'' (1984)
* ''Oodarathuammava Aalariyam'' (1984)
* ''Ivide Thudangunnu'' (1984) as Adv. Balachandra Menon
* ''Kudumbam Oru Swargam Bharya Oru Devatha'' (1984)
* ''Attahaasam'' (1984)
* ''[[Anakkorumma]]'' (1985) as Minister
* ''Ee Thalamura Ingane'' (1985)
* ''Azhiyatha Bandhangal'' (1985) as Thampi
* ''Sughamodevi'' (1986) as Sunny's Father
* ''Rareeram'' (1986) as Radha's Father
* ''[[Avanazhi]]'' (1986) as Nampoothiri
* ''Witness'' (1988) as Old Man
* ''[[Vellanakalude Nadu]]'' (1988) as Chandrashekharan Nair
* ''Oru Muthassi Katha'' (1988)
* ''[[Mukunthetta Sumitra Vilikkunnu]]'' (1988) as Menon
* ''[[Aryan (1988 film)|Aryan]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Varavelpu]]'' (1989) as 'Apal bandavan' Govindan Nair
* ''Oru Sayahnathinte Swapnam'' (1989) as Govinda Pillai
* ''[[Innale]]'' (1989) as Ramachandran Nair
* ''Ardham'' (1989) as Janardanan's Father
{{colend}}

====1990s====
{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Kuruppinte Kanakku Pustakom]]'' (1990) as Panikkar
* ''[[His Highness Abdullah]]'' (1990) as Mathilakathu Cheriyachan Thampuran
* ''[[Dr. Pasupathy]]'' (1990) as Pappan's grandfather
* ''[[Aye Auto]]'' (1990) as Krishna Pillai
* ''Arhatha'' (1990) as Ashwathi's grandfather
* ''[[Purappadu (1990 film)|Purappadu]]'' (1990)
* ''Nanma Niranjavan Sreenivasan'' (1990) as Madhavan Pillai
* ''[[Midhya (film)|Midhya]]'' (1990) as Grandfather
* ''[[Kizhakkunarum Pakshi]]'' (1991) as Moorthy
* ''Kalari'' (1991) as Ramesh and Rakesh's father
* ''Pookkalam Varavayi'' (1991) as Grandfather
* ''Kilukkam'' (1991) as Shop owner
* ''[[Advaitham]]'' (1992) as Parameswaran Namboothiri
* ''Kaazhchakkappuram'' (1992) as Paramu Pillai
* ''[[Midhunam]]'' (1993) as Kuruppu Master
* ''[[Akashadoothu]]'' (1993)
* ''Janam'' (1993) as old man
* ''[[Commissioner (film)|Commissioner]]'' (1994) as Kunjurama Kuruppu
* ''Sadharam'' (1995)
* ''Indian Military Intelligence'' (1995)
* ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Mayooranritham]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Mahathma]]'' (1996)
* ''Kilukil Pambaramam'' (1997)
* ''[[Janadhipathyam]]'' (1997) as Maharaja
{{colend}}

==Television==
* ''Lubdhan Lukose'' (Doordarshan)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Thikkurissi%20Sukumaran%20Nair&limit=268

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAwardSouth}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Thikkurissy Sukumaran}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Film directors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala]]
[[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Nagercoil]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:J. C. Daniel Award winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]

Anita Khemka

2026-02-06T05:37:16Z

HungHanks23355: quick fix layout as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian photographer (born 1972)}}
{{infobox person
|name=Anita Khemka
|birth_date={{birth year and age|1972}}
|occupation=Photographer
}}
'''Anita Khemka''' (born 1972) is an [[India]]n photographer.

Khemka is known for her work documenting India's third-sex [[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]] community,<ref name="GRANTA">{{cite web |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Rana |date=30 April 2020 |title=Laxmi |url=https://granta.com/laxmi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134115/https://granta.com/laxmi/ |archive-date=26 March 2024 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Granta]]}}</ref><ref name="MFAH">{{cite web |title=Anita Khemka X-Ray 5 |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/141773/xray-5?ctx=2a1ee51662807824428b365cced7572a82df33a8&idx=1788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134116/https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/141773/xray-5?ctx=2a1ee51662807824428b365cced7572a82df33a8&idx=1788 |archive-date=26 March 2024 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]]}}</ref><ref name="STRAIGHT">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Janet |date=14 September 2006 |title=Behind the probing lens |url=https://www.straight.com/behind-the-probing-lens |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134710/https://www.straight.com/behind-the-probing-lens |archive-date=26 March 2024 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[The Georgia Straight]] |language=en}}</ref> Her work with hijra was documented in the 2006 film ''Between the Lines: India's Third Gender''.<ref name="STRAIGHT" /><ref name="VARIETY">{{cite web |last1=Weissberg |first1=Jay |date=16 May 2006 |title=Between the Lines: India's Third Gender |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/between-the-lines-india-s-third-gender-1200516240/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326134114/https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/between-the-lines-india-s-third-gender-1200516240/ |archive-date=26 March 2024 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2009 |title=[Back Cover] |url=https://rai.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.025c4.x |journal=[[Anthropology Today]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.025c4.x |issn=0268-540X |jstor=25599031 |quote=The top image on the back cover is taken from Between the lines, a film by Thomas Wartman on India’s ‘third gender’ that follows photographer Anita Khemka as she explores the hidden hijra subculture of Bombay.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Her work is included in the collection of the [[Museum of Fine Arts Houston]].<ref name="MFAH"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khemka, Anita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]

{{India-artist-stub}}
{{India-photographer-stub}}

Kalonunia rice

2026-01-31T20:28:47Z

HungHanks23355: made initial details initial version.

{{Short description|Type of non-Basmati aromatic rice from West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Kalonunia rice (কলোনুনিয়া চাল)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names =
| description =Kalonunia rice is an aromatic rice cultivated in [[West Bengal]]
| type =[[Aromatic rice]]
| area = Northern parts of West Bengal<ref>{{cite journal |title=Kalo Nunia: The Indigenous Scented Rice Cultivar from the Northern Parts of Bengal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378491190 |journal=Vigyan Varta | volume =5 | issue=2 | pages=152–157}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 02 January 2024
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/743|ipindiaservices.gov.in}}}}

'''Kalonunia rice''' is a variety of non-[[Basmati]], aromatic, black textured small [[rice]] mainly grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Evaluation of indigenous aromatic rice cultivars from sub-Himalayan Terai region of India for nutritional attributes and blast resistance |date=2021 |pmc=7910543 |last1=Mondal |first1=D. |last2=Kantamraju |first2=P. |last3=Jha |first3=S. |last4=Sundarrao |first4=G. S. |last5=Bhowmik |first5=A. |last6=Chakdar |first6=H. |last7=Mandal |first7=S. |last8=Sahana |first8=N. |last9=Roy |first9=B. |last10=Bhattacharya |first10=P. M. |last11=Chowdhury |first11=A. K. |last12=Choudhury |first12=A. |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=4786 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-83921-7 |pmid=33637778 |bibcode=2021NatSR..11.4786M }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Honey, Tangail, Garad among 5 more West Bengal products to get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/honey-tangail-garad-among-5-more-state-products-to-get-gi-tag/articleshow/106557464.cms |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=Five Bengal products including Sundarbans honey get GI tag |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/west-bengal/five-bengal-products-including-sundarbans-honey-get-gi-tag/na20240104170827022022873 |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=ETV Bharat News |date=4 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It is a common and widely cultivated crop in [[District|districts]] of [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] and [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]] along with some parts of [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]] & [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]] districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengal's own Gobindabhog and Tulaipanji soon to get a distinct stand on world map |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/how-new-grading-rules-for-non-basmati-rice-varieties-can-put-gobindabhog-on-world-map-9091192/ |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=2 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khush |first1=Gurdev S. |last2=Hettel |first2=Gene |last3=Rola |first3=Tess |title=Rice Genetics III: Proceedings of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 16-20 October 1995 |date=1996 |publisher=Int. Rice Res. Inst. |isbn=978-971-22-0087-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_hKLjbOuBEC&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PA823 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Roychoudhury |first1=Aryadeep |title=Rice Research for Quality Improvement: Genomics and Genetic Engineering: Volume 2: Nutrient Biofortification and Herbicide and Biotic Stress Resistance in Rice |date=29 July 2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-15-5337-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RL0DwAAQBAJ&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PA393 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarker |first1=Dilip De |last2=Saha |first2=Manas Ranjan |last3=Saha |first3=Subrata |title=Perspective of dietetic and antioxidant medicinal plants |date=1 January 2015 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-93-84878-95-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTrECQAAQBAJ&dq=Kalonunia+rice&pg=PT20 |language=en}}</ref>

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "Kalonunia Rice".<ref name=":0" />

==Name==
The word "Kalonunia" is derived from "Kalo", meaning black in the state language of [[Bengali language|Bengali]], representing the black-husked grain, and "Nunia", indicating a local rice group of West Bengal. Kalonunia is also reported as Kala nenia, Kala nina, or Kala nooniah.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Effect of organic nutrient management on yield, quality, nutrient uptake andeconomics of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) in hill zone of West Bengal |url=https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/view/5468/5058 |journal=Indian Journal of Agronomy |date=2024 |doi=10.59797/ija.v68i4.5468 |access-date=23 November 2024 |last1=Sanjivani Karki |last2=Mrityunjay Ghosh |last3=Binoy Chettri |last4=s. Banerjee |last5=t. Biswas |last6=p. Bandyopadhyay |last7=s. Ghosh |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=434–438 }}</ref>

===Local name===
It is known as Kalonunia chaal (কলোনুনিয়া চাল) or simply only as Kalonunia.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Business Ideas: স্বাদে গুণে অতুলনীয় কালো নুনিয়ার চাষে মোটা টাকা লাভ, কী এই জিনিস ? জেনে নিন |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/business/new-business-ideas-make-money-with-black-rice-cultivation-know-the-process-in-details-l18-dc-local18-1943899.html |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=bengali.news18.com |language=bn}}</ref> "Chaal" means rice in the local state language of [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yates |first1=William |title=Introduction to the Bengali Language |date=1874 |publisher=G.H. Rouse, Baptist Mission Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qdHAQAAMAAJ&dq=%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2+rice&pg=PA428 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Description==
Some of the uses and characteristics of Kalonunia rice:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nations |first1=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United |title=FUTURE SMART FOOD: Rediscovering hidden treasures of neglected and underutilized species for Zero Hunger in Asia |date=9 October 2018 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |isbn=978-92-5-130495-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6hxDwAAQBAJ&dq=Kalonunia+rice+gi&pg=PA203 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosal |first1=Sutanuka |title=After Rosogolla, Bengal plans GI tags for Kalonunia, Randhunipagal rice |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/after-rosogolla-bengal-plans-gi-tags-for-kalonunia-randhunipagal-rice/articleshow/61980674.cms?from=mdr |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

===Characteristics===
* It is noted for its vibrant black husk appearance and non-sticky texture. This blast resistant rice variety has a wide genetic base providing protection against pests, diseases, pathogens, and climate fluctuations. It also requires less fertilizer compared to other varieties.

===Uses===
* This rice is used as an everyday plain rice, as an alternative to Basmati. It is also used to prepare traditional sweet dishes, grain dust for local sweet dishes like [[Pitha|Pithe]] and Patisapta, and [[Payesh]] during rituals and special functions. Additionally, it is used to make [[puffed rice]], known locally as Muri, Bhat, and in the preparation of Bhat (boiled rice), [[Pilaf|Polao]], or Bhog ([[Khichdi (dish)|Khichdi]]).

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]] under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] on 2 January 2024 (valid until 11 March 2034).

State Agricultural Management & Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) from [[Narendrapur]], proposed the GI registration of Kalonunia rice. After filing the application in March 2021, the rice was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Kalonunia rice" exclusive to the rice grown in the region.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Kalonunia Rice |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/743 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref> It thus became the third rice variety from West Bengal after [[Tulaipanji rice]] and the 26th type of goods from West Bengal to earn the GI tag.

The GI tag protects the rice from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Varieties of rice}}
{{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Rice varieties]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Rice varieties of India]]
[[Category:Rice production in India]]
[[Category:Economy of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Agriculture in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]

Himanshu Sharma (cricketer)

2026-01-25T06:49:45Z

HungHanks23355: made the bio nd citations

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1998)}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Himanshu Sharma
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|6|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg spin|leg-break]]
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]

| club1 = [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
| year1 = 2023–2024
| date = 25 February 2024
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1350761.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Himanshu Sharma''' is an Indian cricketer. He played for [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. He is a bowler who bowls [[leg spin]] and bats right-handed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himanshu Sharma Profile - Cricket Player India. Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/himanshu-sharma-1350761 |access-date=2023-05-22 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Himanshu hails from [[Sikar]] which is a small town in [[Rajasthan]] about approximately 100 km far away from [[Jaipur]]. He began playing his cricket in Sikar but soon moved to Jaipur in order to take up and pursue the sport of cricket seriously. He had never played competitive cricket at any level and only began playing cricket in 2017. His father was a volleyball player who played at state level for Rajasthan before becoming a teacher.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=AadyaS |date=2023-05-21 |title=Himanshu Sharma: Who Is The Unknown RCB Leg-Spinner Scouted With The Help Of AI Who Hasn't Played Any Professional Cricket? |url=https://wisden.com/series-stories/who-is-himanshu-sharma-the-unknown-rcb-leggie-who-hasnt-played-any-professional-cricket |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Wisden |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521222647/https://wisden.com/series-stories/who-is-himanshu-sharma-the-unknown-rcb-leggie-who-hasnt-played-any-professional-cricket |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Himanshu's talent was spotted by the scouting team of the Royal Challengers Bangalore as part of RCB's Hinterland Scouting system, just a year prior to the buildup ahead of highly anticipated 2023 IPL auction. The Hinterland Scouting system deployed by RCB franchise significantly uses [[Artificial intelligence]] to cash in and find talents from several relatively less known areas of India.<ref name=":0" />

He was also invited for trials by Royal Challengers Bangalore camp even before he was actually purchased by RCB during the 2023 IPL auction which was held in December 2022. He was tested by the team head coach [[Sanjay Bangar]] and by the spin bowling coach [[Sridharan Sriram]] who were left impressed by his trials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avanish Singh and Himanshu Sharma on their preparations for IPL 2023 with RCB |url=https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-cricket-news/news/rcb-bold-diaries-young-guns-avinash-singh-and-himanshu-sharma-open-up-on |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.royalchallengers.com |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2023, he was bought by [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] during the auction for the [[2023 Indian Premier League]] for INR 20 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2022-12-23 |title=IPL 2023 full squads after mini-auction: How all 10 teams stack up |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-auction/ipl-auction-2023-squads-live-updates-full-list-of-players-sold-teams-csk-rcb-kkr-mi-gt-rr-lsg-srh-dc-pbks/article66295823.ece |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> Prior to being bought by RCB at the 2023 IPL auction, much to the surprise Himanshu Sharma had never played competitive cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023 Auction: Dodda Ganesh Lashes Out at RCB for Buying 'Unknown' Himanshu Sharma Instead of Karnataka's Shreyas Gopal |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-2023-auction-dodda-ganesh-lashes-out-at-rcb-for-buying-unknown-himanshu-sharma-instead-of-karnatakas-shreyas-gopal-6682441.html |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 21 May 2023, during the last group league phase clash between Royal Challengers Bangalore and defending champions Gujarat Titans which was also the 70th match of the [[2023 Indian Premier League]], he was listed by Royal Challengers Bangalore as one of their impact substitution players alongside [[Finn Allen]], [[Suyash Prabhudessai]], [[Sonu Yadav]] and [[Akash Deep]] when the final playing XI was announced by RCB after the toss.<ref name=":0" /> Himanshu even pushed RCB's premier legspinner [[Karn Sharma]] in the pecking order in the Impact Player Sub options for RCB especially in a do-or-die virtual knockout match for home side Royal Challengers Bangalore which was indeed a must win match in order to secure playoff spot.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2023-05-21 |title=RCB vs GT: Who is Himanshu Sharma? Player to make IPL debut for Bangalore in game against Gujarat |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/rcb-vs-gt-ipl-2023-who-is-himanshu-sharma-player-to-make-ipl-debut-for-royal-challengers-bangalore-in-game-against-gujarat-titans-2023-05-21-871804 |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was introduced by skipper [[Faf du Plessis]] in the bowling attack shortly after the end of Gujarat Titans powerplay. He eventually made his IPL debut as well as T20 debut during the second innings of the match between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Gujarat Titans.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-21 |title=Who is Himanshu Sharma? - All you need to know about RCB's surprise Impact Sub |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/who-is-himanshu-sharma-all-you-need-to-know-about-rcbs-surprise-impact-sub/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
There are discrepancies over his birth date. His birthdate has been mentioned as 6 June 1998 in his IPL website profile whereas his franchise Royal Challengers Bangalore mentions his birthdate as 1 November 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himanshu. Royal Challengers Bangalore |url=https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-squad/himanshu-sharma |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.royalchallengers.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720172044/https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-squad/himanshu-sharma |archive-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1350761}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Himanshu}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

James Fergusson (architect)

2026-01-11T12:15:55Z

HungHanks23355: expand information for consistency and corrected details for consistency

{{Short description|Scottish Historian}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = James Fergusson
| honorific_suffix = FRS
| image = PSM V31 D010 James Fergusson.png
| birth_date = 22 January 1808
| birth_place = [[Ayr]]
| death_date = 9 January 1886 (aged 77)
| death_place = [[London]]
| resting_place = [[Highgate Cemetery]]
| father = [[William Fergusson (physician)]]
}}

'''James Fergusson''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (22 January 1808 – 9 January 1886) was a Scottish architectural historian, mainly remembered for his interest in Indian historical architecture and antiquities. He was an important figure in the 19th-century rediscovery of ancient India. He was originally a businessman, and though not formally trained as an architect, designed some buildings and decorative schemes.

==Life==
===Education and India===
Fergusson was born in [[Ayr]], the son of [[William Fergusson (physician)|William Fergusson]] (1773–1846) an army surgeon turned medical writer, and inspector of hospitals. After being educated first at the [[Royal High School (Edinburgh)|Royal High School]], Edinburgh, and then at a private school in [[Hounslow]], he went to India to work as a manager at his family's mercantile house of [[Fairlie, Fergusson & Co.]] of [[Calcutta]]. Here he became interested in the remains of the ancient [[architecture of India]], little known or understood at that time. The successful conduct of an [[indigo]] factory, as he states in his own account, enabled him to retire from business after about ten years and settle in London.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}}

His observations on [[Indian architecture]] were first published in his book on ''The Rock-cut Temples of India'', published in 1845. The task of analysing the historic and [[aesthetic]] relations of this type of ancient buildings led him further to undertake a historical and critical comparative survey of the whole subject of architecture in ''The Illustrated Handbook of Architecture, being a Concise and Popular Account of the different Styles of Architecture prevailing in all Ages and Countries'', a work which first appeared in 1855 in two volumes.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}} It was followed in 1862 by one entitled ''A History of the Modern Styles of Architecture'', being a sequel to the ''Handbook of Architecture''.

The 1855 work was reissued ten years later in a much more extended form in three volumes, under the title of ''A History of Architecture in all Countries from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.'' The chapters on [[Indian architecture]], which had been considered at rather disproportionate length in the Handbook, were removed from the general History, and the whole of this subject treated more fully in a separate volume, ''The History of Indian and Eastern Architecture'', which appeared in 1876, as the fourth volume to ''The History of Architecture''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}} The 1876 work was later revised with additions by [[James Burgess (archaeologist)|James Burgess]] and [[Richard Phené Spiers]] in 1910 and published in two volumes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dames|first=M. Longworth|title=''History of Indian and Eastern Architecture'' by James Fergusson; James Burgess; R. Phené Spiers|journal=[[The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|date=April 1913|pages=470–474|doi=10.1017/S0035869X00044956|jstor=25189005}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
[[File:James Ferguson architect.jpg|thumb|left]] In 1849 Fergusson published a metaphysical study, ''Historical Inquiry into the True Principles of Beauty in Art: More Especially with Reference to Architecture''. Some of his essays on special points in archaeology, such as the treatise on ''The Mode in which Light was introduced into Greek Temples'', included theories on [[Greek temple]]s which did not receive general acceptance.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}}

Like many of his contemporaries, Fergusson was concerned about British preparedness to resist a French invasion and he published ''An Essay on a Proposed New System of Fortification: with Hints for its Application to our National Defences'' (1849), ''The Peril of Portsmouth; or, French Fleets and English Forts'' (1852) and ''Portsmouth Protected: a Sequel to the Peril of Portsmouth'' (1856). In 1859, he was the only civilian appointed to the [[Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom]],<ref>Ramaswami Iyengar, Professor M S and others (1922), [https://books.google.com/books?id=7yQv_AkyG_wC&dq=%22james+fergusson%22+portsmouth&pg=PA87 ''Eminent Orientalists: Indian, European, American''], G A Natesan & Co, Madras (pp. 87–88)</ref> which subsequently recommended a huge programme of coastal fortifications that became known as "[[Palmerston's Follies]]".

He received the gold medal of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] in 1871. Among his works, besides those already mentioned, are: ''Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis restored'' (1851), ''Mausoleum at Halicarnassus restored'' (1862), ''Tree and Serpent Worship'' (1868), ''Rude Stone Monuments in all Countries'' (1872), and ''The Temples of the Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram Area at Jerusalem'' (1878). The sessional papers of the [[Institute of British Architects]] include papers by him on ''The History of the Pointed Arch'', ''Architecture of Southern India'', ''Architectural Splendour of the City of Beeja pore'', on the ''Erechtheum'' and on the ''Temple of Diana at Ephesus''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}}

Although not a prolific practising architect, a small number of examples of Fergusson's architecture remain in existence, the most notable of which are the parliament building of [[Jamaica]],{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} and the [[Marianne North]] Gallery in [[Kew Gardens]].<ref>{{cite web|orig-year=2002 |date=30 November 2004 |title=The Marianne North Gallery |url=http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/mariannenorth.html |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120132610/http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/mariannenorth.html |archive-date=20 November 2011 }}</ref>

Fergusson was adviser with [[Austen Henry Layard]] in the scheme of decoration for the [[Assyria]]n court at [[The Crystal Palace]], and in 1856 assumed the duties of general manager to the Crystal Palace Company, a post which he held for two years.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}} In 1866 he was a member of a committee to advise Henry Scott on design aspects of the [[Royal Albert Hall]], along with architects [[William Tite]] and [[Matthew Digby Wyatt]], and the engineers [[John Hawkshaw]] and [[Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet|John Fowler]].

In 1847 Fergusson published ''An Essay on the Ancient Topography of Jerusalem'', in which he contended that the [[Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)|Mosque of Omar]] was the identical church built by [[Constantine the Great]] over the tomb of our Lord at Jerusalem, and that it, and not the present church of the [[Holy Sepulchre]], was the genuine burial-place of Jesus. The burden of this contention was further explained by the publication in 1860 of his ''Notes on the Site of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem''; and ''The Temples of the Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram Area at Jerusalem'', published in 1878, which was a further elaboration of these theories, which are said to have been the origin of the establishment of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}}
[[File:Grave of William and James Fergusson in Highgate Cemetery.jpg|thumb|Grave of William and James Fergusson in [[Highgate Cemetery]]]]
Fergusson died in London on 9 January 1886{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=273}} and is buried with his father on the west side of [[Highgate Cemetery]].

==Selected publications==
*Fergusson, James. ''An Essay on the Ancient Topography of Jerusalem, with Restored Plans of the Temple, &c., and Plans, Sections, and Details of The Church Built by Constantinople the Great over the Holy Sepulchre, now known as the Mosque of Omar, and other illustrations'' (1847). London: John Weale.
*Fergusson, James. [https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalinq00ferggoog ''An Historical Inquiry into the True Principles of Beauty in Art, More Especially With Reference to Architecture''] (1849), London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
*Fergusson, James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=10dKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA8-IA2 ''An Essay on a Proposed New System of Fortification: With Hints for its Application to our National Defences''] (1849), London: John Weale.
*Fergusson, James. ''The Illustrated Handbook of Architecture'' (1855). London: John Murray. [https://archive.org/details/illustratedhandb01ferguoft Vol. I] and [https://archive.org/details/illustratedhandb02ferguoft Vol II.]
*Fergusson, James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M5FDAAAAcAAJ ''Tree and Serpent Worship, or Illustrations of Mythology and Art in India''], (1868) London: W H Allen & Co.
*Fergusson, James. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001275883 ''Rude Stone Monuments in All Countries''], (1872) London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
*Fergusson, James. ''History of the Modern Styles of Architecture'' (1891). New York: Dodd, Mead. [https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderns01ferg Vol. I] and [https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderns02ferg Vol. II].
*Fergusson, James, et al. '''History of Indian and Eastern Architecture'', 2nd Edition (1910). London: J. Murray. [https://archive.org/details/historyofindiane01ferguoft Vol. I] and [https://archive.org/details/historyofindiane02ferguoft Vol. II]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

'''Attribution:'''
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Fergusson, James |volume=10 |page=273 }}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|display=James Fergusson| wikt=no | commons=Category:James Fergusson (architect) | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:James Fergusson | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=y}}
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Fergusson, James (1808-1886)|volume=18}}
*{{Gutenberg author|id=47440}}
*[http://www.kamit.jp/08_fergusson/ferg_eng.htm James Fergusson and Indian Architecture]
*[http://www.kamit.jp/08_fergusson/chrono_uni.htm James Fergusson, Chronological Table of Writings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722111554/http://www.kamit.jp/08_fergusson/chrono_uni.htm |date=22 July 2011 }}
*[https://www.arthistoricum.net/en/themen/portale/gkg/quellen/fergusson James Fergusson at arthistoricum.net] (German)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fergusson, James}}
[[Category:1808 births]]
[[Category:1886 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish historians]]
[[Category:Architectural theoreticians|Ferguson, James]]
[[Category:British fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal]]
[[Category:British architectural historians]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish architects]]
[[Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]

Ulabari

2026-01-11T05:55:48Z

HungHanks23355: Made new article

{{Short description|Villages}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ulabari
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|26.33371|91.47351|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nalbari
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1744
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 781339<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulabari BO Pin Code, Nalbari, Assam |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tools/pincodes/assam/nalbari/ulabari-bo |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ulabari Pin Code - 781339, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search nalbari Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/assam/nalbari/ulabari-pincode-781339.html |website=[[ABP News]] |access-date=3 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 =
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| area_total_ha =
| registration_plate =
}}

'''Ulabari''' is a village<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarmah |first1=Harekrishna Deva |title=Development of Inland Navigation: Problems & Prospects |date=1997 |publisher=Lawyer's Book Stall |page=103 |isbn=978-81-85921-43-3 |language=en}}</ref> located in [[Barbhag|Barbhag Circle]] of [[Nalbari|Nalbari district]] in [[Assam]]. The village has population of a total 1,744 of which 903 are males and. 841 are females as per [[2011 census of India|Census 2011 of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/44031/download/47696/DH_18_2001_NAL.pdfx |access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sabha |first1=India Parliament Lok |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1996 |volume=6 |issue=9-10 |page=321 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalbari district]]
[[Category:Human settlement]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Arulius barb

2026-01-06T19:07:52Z

HungHanks23355: entry

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =Puntius arulius.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Abraham, R. | title = ''Dawkinsia arulius'' | volume = 2015 | article-number = e.T172500A70168511 | date = 2015 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T172500A70168511.en }}</ref>
| taxon = Dawkinsia arulius
| display_parents = 3
| authority = ([[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1849)
| synonyms =
* ''Systomus arulius'' Jerdon, 1849
* ''Barbus arulius'' (Jerdon, 1849)
* ''Puntius rubrotinctus'' (Jerdon, 1849)
* ''Systomus rubrotinctus'' (Jerdon, 1849)
}}

The '''Arulius barb''' ('''''Dawkinsia arulius''''') is a tropical [[cyprinid]] fish native to the [[Kaveri River]] basin of south east [[India]].<ref>{{FishBase |genus= Dawkinsia|species= arulius| month = April | year = 2013}}</ref> Other common names include '''Tamiraparani barb''', '''Silas barb''' and '''longfin barb'''.

==Description==
Adult fish are dark brownish olive on the back, becoming lighter on the sides to white on the ventral surface. It has a black, vertical blotch in the middle of its body, above the origin of its pelvic fin. It has a second black, vertical blotch above its anal fin, and a third black bar or blotch on the base of the caudal fin, though less well defined as the other two blotches. The fins are thin and transparent or translucent. Adults possess more pronounced colors than the juvenile. The adult male gets filament-like extensions to the branched dorsal-fin rays like the closely related filament barb species found in [[Tambraparni River]] basin, ''[[Dawkinsia tambraparniei]]'', the use of the common name, '''longfin barb is quite often accepted''' (''[[Dawkinsia filamentosa]]''). It reaches an adult size of {{convert|12|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|TL]].

==Habitat==
Its native habitat is large streams, rivers, and lakes, with a [[pH]] of 6.0 – 6.5, [[Deutsche Härte|dH]] of 10, and temperature 19 °C to 25 °C.

==Etymology==
The name ''arulius'' is derived from the name "aruli" used by local inhabitants.

==In the aquarium==
Though less common to the hobby than other related barbs, this peaceful, active, egg-laying fish is compatible with other related species in the home aquarium such as [[tiger barb]]s (''Puntigrus tetrazona''), and [[rosy barb]]s (''Pethia conchonius'') and other fast swimming [[Cyprinidae|cyprinid]] species of similar size. Also compatible with some [[cichlid]] species, but smaller fish such as neon tetras would be at risk of predation. As with many barbs, nippy behavior is common, but alleviated by keeping the fish in numbers of at least 5–6 individuals in the aquarium, while taking into account the space requirements of the adult size of 4–5 inches (10–12 cm).

==See also==

* [[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|author=Rohan Pethiyagoda|author2=Maurice Kottelat|name-list-style=amp |access-date=5 February 2006 |work=The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2005 Supplement No. 12: 127–144 |title=A review of the barb of the Puntius filamentosus group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) of southern India and Sri Lanka |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz127-144.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811085205/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz127-144.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2007 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1257357|from2=Q28148954}}

[[Category:Dawkinsia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1849]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas C. Jerdon]]
[[Category:Kaveri River]]

Basanta Manjari Devi

2025-11-29T20:21:14Z

HungHanks23355: Minor updates and cleanup applied

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Basanta Manjari Devi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1900}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date |1961|06|07|df=dmy}}<ref name="Member-Profile-985">{{cite web | last=Odisha Legislative Assembly| first=Odisha Legislative Assembly| title=Odisha Legislative Assembly | website=Odisha Legislative Assembly | url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/image.aspx?img=985 | access-date=2020-07-16}}</ref>
| death_place =
| constituency = Ranpur
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] and Minister for Industries and Social Welfare, [[Odisha]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = Indian National Congress
| spouse = Biranchi Narayan Singh Deo
| children =
}}

'''Basanta Manjari Devi''' (1900 – 7 June 1961) was an Indian politician who served as the first woman minister of [[Odisha]]. She was the Deputy Minister of Health in the 1946 [[Nabakrushna Choudhuri|Harekrushna Mahatab]] government.

==Early life and family==
Devi was born into the royal family of [[Nilgiri State]]. Her father was Shyama Chandra Bhanja Mardaraj Harichandan.<ref name="Member-Profile-985"/> She was married to Biranchi Narayan Singh Deo of Ranapur State. In the 1946 general election she was elected from [[Ranpur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ranpur constituency]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate. She was a Minister of Health, Relief and Rehabilitation in the 1946 [[Harekrushna Mahatab|Harekrushna Mahtab]] ministry.<ref name="Civic Affairs 1957 p. 3-PA124">{{cite book | title=Civic Affairs | publisher=P. C. Kapoor at the Citizen Press | issue=v. 4, nos. 7-12 | year=1946 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_wmAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA124 | access-date=2020-07-16 | page=3-PA124|quote=Srimati Basanta Manjari Devi (Health, Relief and Rehabilitation)}}</ref>

In Independent India she was Deputy Health Minister, Odisha in 1953.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Humanities|first=National Endowment for the|date=1952-07-18|title=Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, July 18, 1952, Image 4|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88077521/1952-07-18/ed-1/seq-4/|access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Basanta Manjari}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1957–1961]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]

{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

East Bengal Club Season Awards

2025-11-28T16:22:16Z

HungHanks23355: created new entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Short description|Seasonal awards conferred by East Bengal Club}}

The '''East Bengal Club Season Awards''' are the official [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] awards presented on 1 August to various recipients in the Foundation Day celebrations of the club. The Inaugural award was handed out in 2011 which had three categories the highlight 'Bharat Gourav Award', the 'Lifetime Achievement Award' and the 'Player of the Season Award'.

==Awards ceremony==

East Bengal Club was founded on 1 August 1920 and every year on this day, the club celebrates its Foundation Day. Since 2011, the awards ceremony was launched by the club to commemorate and honour different sporting personalities as per the categories. The highest honour "Bharat Gaurav" award is handed out each year to honour outstanding sports personalities who have made the country proud in different fields of sports. Along with the "Bharat Gaurav" award, the club also presents two lifetime achievement awards namely "Dr Ramesh Chandra (Nosa) Sen Memorial Lifetime Achievement Award" and "Byomkesh Bose Memorial Lifetime Achievement Award" in respect of two former legends of the club, to honour former players and sportspersons who have represented the club. Along with these, the club also awards the "Player of the Season" to the best player of the previous season. The club also awards two awards dedicated to sports journalists namely the "Ajoy Bose Memorial Journalism Award" and "Pushpen Sarkar Memorial Photo-Journalism Award". The club also hands over the "Pankaj Gupta Memorial and Pratul Gupta Memorial Referee Award" to various referees from Kolkata maidan.

==Winners==
===Bharat Gaurav Award===
[[File:Milkha Singh.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Milkha Singh]] - recipient of the Bharat Gourav award in 2016.]]

East Bengal Club had constituted the ‘Bharat Gaurav Award' in 2011, as the highest decoration by the club to honour the outstanding sports personalities who had made India proud in different fields of sports. Three times Olympic Champion and Indian Hockey legend [[Leslie Claudius]] was the first recipient of the award in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastbengalclub.co.in/bharatgourav.html|title=East Bengal Club - Bharat Gourav Award|work=East Bengal Club|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219122531/https://eastbengalclub.co.in/bharatgourav.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The club has awarded the likes of [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]], [[Arun Ghosh]], [[Bachendri Pal]], [[Milkha Singh]], [[Dhanraj Pillay]], [[Gurbux Singh (field hockey)|Gurbux Singh]], [[Kapil Dev]] since then. The award was not presented in two years 2020 and 2021 due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref name=eb2020/> In 2022 the awards were once again presented, with former [[India women's national cricket team]] captain [[Jhulan Goswami]] and tennis star [[Leander Paes]] jointly awarded the honour by the club.<ref name=awards2022>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=1 August 2022|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/leander-jhulan-get-east-bengals-highest-honour/article65712915.ece|title=Leander, Jhulan get East Bengal's highest honour|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 August 2022|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809154635/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/leander-jhulan-get-east-bengals-highest-honour/article65712915.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:35%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Year
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20%;" |Recipient
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:10%;" |Sport Field
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:2%;" |Ref
|-
| 2011
| [[Leslie Claudius]]
| [[Field hockey]]
| <ref name="EB2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2011/august1stpart_2011.html|title=East Bengal and Mohun Bagan practice starts while East Bengal Day celebrated|work=KolkataFootball.com|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228193844/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2011/august1stpart_2011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]
| [[Association football|Football]]
| <ref name="EB2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/08/03/3281514/east-bengal-foundation-day-celebrating-93-years-of|title=East Bengal Foundation Day: Celebrating 93 years of consistent achievement|work=Goal|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219122528/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/08/03/3281514/east-bengal-foundation-day-celebrating-93-years-of|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Saikat|date=23 July 2012|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-to-celebrate-foundation-day-on-1st-august|title=East Bengal to celebrate Foundation Day on 1st August|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=21 January 2021|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903172322/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-to-celebrate-foundation-day-on-1st-august|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| [[Arun Ghosh]]
| Football
| <ref name="EB2013">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Arun-Ghosh-to-be-conferred-East-Bengals-Bharat-Gaurav-award/articleshow/20934248.cms|title=Arun Ghosh to be conferred East Bengal's Bharat Gaurav award|work=The Times of India|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903172332/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Arun-Ghosh-to-be-conferred-East-Bengals-Bharat-Gaurav-award/articleshow/20934248.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| [[Bachendri Pal]]
| [[Mountaineering]]
| <ref name="EB2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/bachendri-pal-conferred-bharat-gaurav-by-east-bengal-club-1406967895-1|title=Bachendri Pal conferred Bharat Gaurav by East Bengal Club|work=Jagranjosh|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219124034/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/bachendri-pal-conferred-bharat-gaurav-by-east-bengal-club-1406967895-1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| [[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Mohammed Habib]]
| Football
| <ref name="EB2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohamamed-habib-awarded-bharat-gaurav-east-bengal|title=Indian Legend Mohamamed Habib awarded 'Bharat Gaurav' by East Bengal|work=Sportkeeda|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219122529/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohamamed-habib-awarded-bharat-gaurav-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| [[Milkha Singh]]
| [[Sprint (running)|Sprint]]
| <ref name=awards2016>{{cite web|date=27 July 2016|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/East-Bengal-to-honour-Milkha-Singh-with-Bharat-Gaurav-award/article14511241.ece|title=East Bengal to honour Milkha Singh with Bharat Gaurav award|work=The Hindu|accessdate=30 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Dhanraj Pillay]]
| [[Field hockey]]
| <ref name="EB2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dhanraj-pillay-conferred-with-bharat-gaurav-by-east-bengal-football-club-1501664139-1|title=Dhanraj Pillay conferred with Bharat Gaurav by East Bengal Football Club|work=Jagranjosh|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219124033/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dhanraj-pillay-conferred-with-bharat-gaurav-by-east-bengal-football-club-1501664139-1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| [[Gurbux Singh (field hockey)|Gurbux Singh]]
| Field hockey
| <ref name="EB2018">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/east-bengal-seek-a-new-identity-on-foundation-day/articleshow/65237673.cms|title=East Bengal seek a 'new identity' on foundation day|work=The Times of India|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802092224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/east-bengal-seek-a-new-identity-on-foundation-day/articleshow/65237673.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[Kapil Dev]]
| [[Cricket]]
| <ref name="EB2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/east-bengal-to-confer-kapil-dev-with-bharat-gaurav-award/1577311|title=East Bengal to confer Kapil Dev with Bharat Gaurav award|work=Outlook|accessdate=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019194701/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/east-bengal-to-confer-kapil-dev-with-bharat-gaurav-award/1577311|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| colspan="2"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID20|Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], the East Bengal Foundation day awards were put on hold.<ref name=eb2020>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=1 Aug 2020|url=http://www.badgebfansclub.in/east-bengal-fc-celebrates-101st-foundation-day/?amp|title=East Bengal FC celebrates 101st Foundation Day!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=3 Sep 2021|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903172328/https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8604439334947400&format=1040x320&w=1040&h=320&ptt=12&iu=2948180789&adk=1537702374&output=html&bc=7&pv=2&wgl=1&asnt=0-1221369915691582806&dff=Roboto%2C%20Helvetica%2C%20Arial%2C%20sans-serif&brdim=10%2C10%2C10%2C10%2C1600%2C0%2C1100%2C900%2C1055%2C3807&ifi=1&pfx=0&adf=2438287650&nhd=0&adx=0&ady=0&oid=2&is_amp=5&amp_v=2108192119000&d_imp=1&c=9896006881&ga_cid=amp-y9EK_jtIlgPjX8s_J96GpQ&ga_hid=6881&dt=1630689806929&biw=1055&bih=3807&u_aw=1600&u_ah=1000&u_cd=24&u_w=1600&u_h=1000&u_tz=0&u_his=38&vis=1&scr_x=0&scr_y=0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badgebfansclub.in%2Feast-bengal-fc-celebrates-101st-foundation-day%2F&loc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badgebfansclub.in%2Feast-bengal-fc-celebrates-101st-foundation-day%2F%3Famp&bdt=2036&dtd=654&__amp_source_origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badgebfansclub.in|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2021
| colspan="2"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID21|Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], the East Bengal Foundation day awards were put on hold for the second consecutive year.<ref name=eb2021>{{cite web|date=29 Jul 2021|url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengal-club-will-celebrate-foundation-day-with-only-flag-hosting/|title=East Bengal Club Will Celebrate Foundation Day With Only Flag Hosting|work=East Bengal the Real Power|accessdate=3 Sep 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729162832/https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengal-club-will-celebrate-foundation-day-with-only-flag-hosting/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan=2| 2022
| [[Jhulan Goswami]]
| Cricket
| <ref name=awards2022/>
|-
| [[Leander Paes]]
| [[Tennis]]
| <ref name=awards2022/>
|-
| rowspan=1| 2023
| [[Ratan Tata]]
| Industrialist
| <ref name=awards2023>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=1 August 2023|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-foundation-day-tarun-bose-cleiton-silva-naorem-mahesh-indian-football-news/article67147596.ece|title=ast Bengal confers Tarun Bose the lifetime achievement award; Cleiton, Naorem Mahesh also felicitated|work=Sportstar|accessdate=30 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=1| 2024
| [[Sourav Ganguly]]
| Cricket
|
|-
|}

===Player of the Season Award===

[[File:Penn_Orji.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Penn Orji]] - recipient of the Player of the Season award in 2012.]]
East Bengal had constituted the 'Player of the Season Award' in 2011 to honour the best football player of the previous season. It is decided by the Executive Members committee. [[Mehtab Hossain]] was the first recipient in 2011.<ref name="EB2011"/>

However, the first Player of the Season title was awarded at the end of the [[2007-08 East Bengal F.C. season|2007–08]] season, given by the then official marketing partner - Ideas Unlimited, with goalkeeper [[Subrata Paul]] being the winner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/search/index.asp?news_id=488|title=Bodyline-Kingfisher East Bengal Award function held today|work=East Bengal Club|accessdate=5 June 2020|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116013957/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/search/index.asp?news_id=488|archivedate=16 January 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:40%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Year
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:10%;" |Nationality
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20%;" |Recipient
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Position
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Ref
|-
| 2008
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Subrata Paul]]
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/search/index.asp?news_id=493|title=Subrata Pal gets East Bengal Player of the Year Award|work=East Bengal Club|accessdate=5 June 2020|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116090547/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/search/index.asp?news_id=493|archivedate=16 January 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Mehtab Hossain]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2011"/>
|-
| 2012
<td align="left">{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria</td>
| [[Penn Orji]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2012"/>
|-
| 2013
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Saumik Dey]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2013"/>
|-
| 2014
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Arnab Mondal]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2014"/>
|-
| 2015
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Robert Lalthlamuana]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2015"/>
|-
| 2016
<td align="left">{{flagicon|KOR}} South Korea</td>
| [[Do Dong-hyun]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name=awards2016/>
|-
| 2017
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Gurwinder Singh]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2017"/>
|-
| 2018
<td align="left">{{flagicon|SYR}} Syria</td>
| [[Mahmoud Amnah]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2018"/>
|-
| 2019
<td align="left">{{flagicon|IND}} India</td>
| [[Laldanmawia Ralte]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2019"/>
|-
| 2020
|colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID20}}
|-
| 2021
|colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID21}}
|-
| 2022
|colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| <ref name=awards2022/>
|-
| 2023
| align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| [[Cleiton Silva]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name=awards2023/>
|-
| 2024
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|
|-
|}

===Lifetime Achievement Award===

East Bengal had constituted the 'Lifetime Achievement Award' in 2011 to honour a legendary sports personality of the club. It is decided by the Executive Members committee. India and East Bengal Legend Sudhir Karmakar and [[Sukumar Samajpati]] were the first recipients of this award in 2011.<ref name="EB2011"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:41%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Year
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:7%;" |Nationality
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:25%;" |Recipient
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Position
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Ref
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Sudhir Karmakar
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2011"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Sukumar Samajpati]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2011"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Prasanta Sinha]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2012"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Santo Mitra
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2012"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Samaresh Chowdhury
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2013"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Abani Bose
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| <ref name="EB2013"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Amal Dutta]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2014"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Parimal Dey]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name="EB2014"/>
|-
|2015
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Chandan Banerjee
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2015"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Shyamal Ghosh
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name=awards2016/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Shyam Thapa]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name=awards2016/>
|-
| 2017
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Subhash Bhowmick]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name="EB2017"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Sunil Bhattacharya
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2018"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Surajit Sengupta]]
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| <ref name="EB2018"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Monoranjan Bhattacharya]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2019"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Bhaskar Ganguly]]
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| <ref name="EB2019"/>
|-
| rowspan="1"|2020
| colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID20}}
|-
| rowspan="1"|2021
| colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID21}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Gautam Sarkar]]
| [[Midfielder (association football)|Midfielder]]
| <ref name=awards2022/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Swapan Sengupta
| [[Midfielder (association football)|Midfielder]]
| <ref name=awards2022/>
|-
| rowspan="1"|2023
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Tarun Bose
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| <ref name=awards2023/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| Ranjit Mukherjee
| [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Prasanta Banerjee]]
| [[Midfielder (association football)|Midfielder]]
|
|-
|}

===Academy Player of the Year Award===

East Bengal had constituted the 'Academy Player of the Year Award' in 2018 to honour the best football player of the [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal FC Academy]] for the previous season. It is decided by the Executive Members committee. [[Manoj Mohammed]] and [[PC Rohlupuia]] were the first recipients of this award in 2018.<ref name="EB2018"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:40%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;" |Year
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:10%;" |Nationality
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:15%;" |Recipient
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:10%;" |Position
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:2%;" |Ref
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Manoj Mohammed]]
| [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| <ref name="EB2018"/>
|-
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[PC Rohlupuia]]
| [[Midfielder]]
| <ref name="EB2018"/>
|-
| 2019
| colspan="3"|''not awarded''
|
|-
| 2020
| colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID20}}
|-
| 2021
| colspan="3"|''not awarded''
| {{efn-ua|name=COVID21}}
|-
|}

===Special Awards===
On the occasion of the centenary celebrations of the club in 2019, a set of special awards were awarded to sports personalities associated with the East Bengal club.<ref name="EB2019"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:40%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:18%;" |Award Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:5%;" |Nationality
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:15%;" |Recipient
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:2%;" |Ref
|-
! Coach of Coaches award
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[P. K. Banerjee]]
| <ref name="EB2019"/>
|-
! Best Foreign Player award
| align="left"|{{flagicon|IRN}} Iran
| [[Majid Bishkar]]
| <ref name=baadshah>{{cite web|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|date=16 Aug 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-wanted-time-for-myself-thought-no-one-would-find-me-here-majid-bishkar/articleshow/70693669.cms|title=wanted time for myself, thought no one would find me here|work=The Times of India|accessdate=5 Jul 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705192725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-wanted-time-for-myself-thought-no-one-would-find-me-here-majid-bishkar/articleshow/70693669.cms|archive-date=5 Jul 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=13 Aug 2019|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/football-east-bengal-centenary-celebrations-majid-bishkar-returns-kolkata-jamshed-nasiri-mohun-bagan-bhaskar-ganguly-mohammedan/article29037120.ece|title=Emotional homecoming for East Bengal legend Majid 'Badsha' Beshkar|work=[[Sportstar]]|accessdate=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515115606/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/football-east-bengal-centenary-celebrations-majid-bishkar-returns-kolkata-jamshed-nasiri-mohun-bagan-bhaskar-ganguly-mohammedan/article29037120.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{East Bengal FC}}

[[Category:East Bengal Club]]

Ankita Bhakat

2025-11-14T10:44:10Z

HungHanks23355:

{{Short description|Indian recurve archer (born 1998)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Ankita Bhakat
| image = Ankita Bhakat Indian Archer.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Bhakat in 2021
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|06|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| sport = [[Archery]]
| rank = [[Recurve bow|Recurve]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[recurve bow|recurve archery]]}} [[File: Archery pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team recurve|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships|2025 Dhaka]]|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships#Recurve|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Dhaka]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Recurve|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Dhaka]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Recurve|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships|2023 Bangkok]]|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships#Recurve|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Archery World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Archery World Cup|2021 Guatemala]]|Team}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Archery World Cup|2021 Paris]]|Team}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Archery World Cup|2022 Paris]]|Team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 Archery World Cup|2021 Guatemala]]|Mixed team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Archery World Cup|2022 Gwangju]]|Team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Paris]]|Team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Shanghai]]|Mixed team}}
{{MedalCompetition|Asia Cup}}
{{MedalGold|2016 Taipei|Individual}}
{{MedalGold|2016 Taipei|Team}}
{{MedalGold|2019 Bangkok|Mixed team}}
{{MedalSilver|2017 Bangkok|Team}}
{{MedalSilver|2019 Bangkok|Team}}
{{MedalBronze|2016 Bangkok|Mixed team}}
{{MedalBronze|2017 Taipei|Mixed team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Youth Archery Championships|World Youth Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 World Archery Youth Championships|2017 Rosario]]|Team}}
}}

'''Ankita Bhakat''' (born 17 June 1998) is an Indian [[Recurve bow|recurve archer]]. Bhakat competed at the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris Olympics]], where she finished fourth in the [[Archery at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Mixed team|recurve mixed team]] event after losing the bronze medal match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Anjishnu |date=2 August 2024 |title=Paris 2024 Olympics archery: Dhiraj Bommadevara-Ankita Bhakat miss mixed team bronze medal by a whisker |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-archery-india-mixed-team-finish-fourth |website=Olympics}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bhakat was born on 17 June 1998 in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], to parents Shantanu Bhakat, a milkman, and Shila Bhakat.<ref name="toi article">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ankita-bhakat/articleshow/62556839.cms |title=Ankita Bhakat |work=[[The Times of India]] |publication-date=18 January 2018 |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Olympic dreams">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/olympic-dreams-but-no-bow-for-archer-ankita-bhakat/articleshow/58047248.cms |title=Olympic dreams, but no bow for archer Ankita Bhakat |work=The Times of India |last=Sengupta |first=Abhishek |publication-date=6 April 2017 |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref>

She took up archery when she was ten, attending the Calcutta Archery Club for initial training.<ref name="Olympic dreams" /><ref name="jagran article">{{Cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-ankita-bhakat-archery-17345007.html |title=कभी उधार के तीर-धनुष से लेती थी ट्रेनिंग |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=Hindi |publication-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> She joined the Tata Archery Academy at [[Jamshedpur]] in 2014, where she trained under Dharmendra Tiwari, [[Purnima Mahato]] and Ram Awdesh.<ref name="Olympic dreams" /><ref name="jagran article" />

==Career==
Based on her performance during the trials conducted by the [[Archery Association of India]] (AAI), Bhakat was selected to compete, as a part of the Indian national team, in the 2015 [[World Archery Youth Championships]] in [[Yankton, South Dakota|Yankton]], South Dakota in the United States.<ref name="budding Kolhan archers">{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150414/jsp/jharkhand/story_14408.jsp |title=It's bullseye US for budding Kolhan archers |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |location=Kolkata |last=Thaker |first=Jayesh |publication-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712054926/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150414/jsp/jharkhand/story_14408.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> However, a week prior to the event, India withdrew as 18 people from their delegation did not receive visas for the US.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2015 |title=Statement: India's withdrawal from youth championships |url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/news/120029/statement-indias-withdrawal-youth-championships |access-date=21 July 2025 |publisher=[[World Archery]]}}</ref>

In the 2015 Seoul International Youth Archery Festa, held from 3 to 9 September in [[Seoul]], Bhakat was part of the team that won two medals—a bronze in the girl's individual recurve competition and a silver in the girl's recurve team event.<ref name="indianarchery">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianarchery.info/upload/SG%202015%20-%20report-%20Agenda%20(2).pdf |title=Archery Association of India; Report of the Secretary-General |website=indianarchery.info |access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref> At the Indoor Archery World Cup (Stage 2), held from 10 to 11 December 2016 in [[Bangkok]], Bhakat competed in the women's individual recurve competition where she defeated Prachi Singh 6–2 in an all-Indian first round match, but lost 0–6 to Jeon Hunyoung in the pre-quarter-finals.<ref name="sportskeeda">{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/archery/indoor-archery-world-cup-atanu-das-finishes-fourth-atul-verma-upsets-olympic-champion |title=Indoor Archery World Cup: Atanu Das finishes fourth, Atul Verma upsets Olympic champion |work=[[Sportskeeda]] |last=Banerjee |first=Sudeshna |publication-date=12 December 2016 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>

Bhakat competed in the women's individual and women's recurve team events at the 2017 Asia Cup (Stage 2) held in Bangkok. In the former, she reached the quarter-finals, losing 2–6 to compatriot [[Deepika Kumari]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/archery/indoor-archery-world-cup-deepika-kumari-clinches-bronze-medal |title=Indoor Archery World Cup: Deepika Kumari clinches bronze medal |work=Sportskeeda |last=Banerjee |first=Sudeshna |publication-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref> whereas in the latter, she won a silver medal with her teammates, Promia Daimary and Sakshi Rajendra Shitole, losing 0–6 to [[Chinese Taipei]] in the final.<ref name="Olympic dreams" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/archery/asia-cup-stage-2-indian-mens-compound-archers-win-team-gold |title=Asia Cup Stage 2: Indian men's compound archers win team gold |work=Sportskeeda |last=Banerjee |first=Sudeshna |publication-date=26 March 2017 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> That same month, she took part in the women's recurve competition at the 37th edition of the Indian Senior National Championships in [[Faridabad]]. She made it to the finals, losing 6–2 to Deepika Kumari.<ref name="Olympic dreams" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://worldarchery.org/news/147908/olympians-das-kumari-take-indian-national-titles |title=Olympians Das, Kumari take Indian National titles |work=World Archery Federation |last=Ganapathy |first=Selva |access-date=20 September 2018 |publication-date=1 April 2017}}</ref>

Bhakat also competed at the 2017 Asia Cup (Stage 3) World Ranking Tournament, held from 4 to 9 July 2017 in [[Chinese Taipei]], in three events—women's individual, women's team and mixed team. She won the bronze medal in the mixed team event with her partner Mukesh Boro.<ref name="toi article" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/17511/2017-asia-cup-world-ranking-tournament-stage-3#/team/IND/RX/team |title=2017 Asia Cup World Ranking Tournament Stage 3 |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref> Later that year, she was among the 24 members who were selected to compete for the Indian national team in the [[2017 World Archery Youth Championships]] at [[Rosario]], Argentina following the completion of their training at [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/argentina-calling-four-state-archers-in-national-team/cid/1661008 |title=Argentina calling – Four state archers in National Team |work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkata |publication-date=30 September 2017 |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

At the [[World Youth Archery Championships]], Bhakat competed in the recurve junior mixed team event with her partner Jemson Singh Ningthoujam, and together they were seeded ninth.<ref name="Indian pair win gold medal">{{Cite news |url=https://worldarchery.org/news/154095/indian-pair-win-junior-recurve-world-title |title=Indian pair win junior recurve world title |work=World Archery Federation |last=Wells |first=Chris |publication-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Indian pair win gold">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/indian-pair-win-gold-at-world-archery-youth-championship-4881835/ |title=Indian pair win gold at World Archery Youth Championship |work=The Indian Express |agency=Press Trust of India |publication-date=9 October 2017 |access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref> The pair won the gold medal after defeating the Russian team 6–2 in the final, thus giving India its fourth overall world youth championships title and its first since [[Deepika Kumari]] won it in 2009 and 2011.<ref name="Indian pair win gold medal" /><ref name="Indian pair win gold" /> They had defeated the top-seeded Korean team 5–4 in the quarter-final and the Ukrainian team 6–0 in the semi-final, respectively, en route to the final.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/16586/rosario-2017-world-archery-youth-championships#/team/IND/RJX/team |title=Rosario 2017 World Archery Youth Championships |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

In April 2018, Bhakat competed at the [[2018 Archery World Cup]] held from 23 to 29 April in [[Shanghai]], China in the women's individual, women's team and the mixed team recurve events.<ref name="Ankita Bhakat at the 2018 archery world cup">{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/18142/shanghai-2018-hyundai-archery-world-cup#/entry/17262 |title=Ankita Bhakat at the Shanghai 2018 Hyundai Archery World Cup |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref> In the individual recurve event, she was seeded eighth, after having scored 665 out of 720 points in the qualifications round.<ref name="Ankita Bhakat at the 2018 archery world cup" /><ref name="Ankita is best Indian in recurve qualifications of Archery World Cup">{{Cite news |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/ankita-bhagat-is-best-indian-in-recurve-qualifications/article23673438.ece/ |title=Ankita is best Indian in recurve qualifications of Archery World Cup |work=[[Sportstar]] |agency=Press Trust of India |publication-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref> She defeated compatriot [[Bombayla Devi Laishram]] 6–4 in the third round, but lost 4–6 to China's An Qixuan in the fourth round.<ref name="Ankita Bhakat at the 2018 archery world cup" /> She teamed up with Promila Daimary and Deepika Kumara in the women's team event and with [[Atanu Das]] in the mixed team event, reaching the quarter-finals of both events before losing 1–5 and 4–5 to the Chinese and United States teams respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/18142/shanghai-2018-hyundai-archery-world-cup#/team/IND/RW/team |title=India Recurve Women Team |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/18142/shanghai-2018-hyundai-archery-world-cup#/team/IND/RX/team |title=India Recurve Mixed Team |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref>

Subsequently, in May 2018, Bhakat competed in the women's individual and women's recurve team events at the 2018 Archery World Cup – Stage 2 held in [[Antalya]], Turkey.<ref name="2018 Hyundai archery world cup">{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/18116/antalya-2018-hyundai-archery-world-cup#/team/IND |title=Antalya 2018 Hyundai Archery World Cup – India |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In the latter event, she teamed up with Promila Daimary and [[Deepika Kumari]], and eventually reached the semi-finals by defeating the French and the Russian teams 5–3 and 5–1 in the second round and quarter-finals, respectively.<ref name="2018 world cup – Indian rw team">{{Cite web |url=https://worldarchery.org/competition/18116/antalya-2018-hyundai-archery-world-cup#/team/IND/RW/team |title=India Recurve Women Team |website=World Archery Federation |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In the semi-final, however, the Indian team lost 2–6 to the South Korean team.<ref name="2018 world cup – Indian rw team" /> Subsequently, they faced Chinese Taipei in the bronze medal match, losing 2–6.<ref name="2018 world cup – Indian rw team" /><ref name="hindustantimes">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/indian-trio-falters-in-women-s-recurve-bronze-play-off-at-archery-world-cup/story-HLVphBkQmtTeTO3EMZCReJ.html |title=Indian trio falters in women's recurve bronze play-off at Archery World Cup |work=Hindustan Times |agency=Press Trust of India |publication-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref>

===2024 Summer Olympics===
Bhakat made her first Olympic appearance in the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris. She lost 4-6 to [[Poland]]'s [[Wioleta Myszor]] in the Women's Individual 1/32 Elimination Round. Bhakat advanced to the quarterfinals in the Women's Team, along with [[Bhajan Kaur]] and [[Deepika Kumari]]. However, the team lost to the [[Netherlands]]' team 0-6. Bhakat made history, with [[Dhiraj Bommadevara]] by competing in India's first-ever Olympic medal in archery in the Mixed Team Bronze Medal Match, but lost 2-6 to the [[United States of America]]'s team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/ankita-bhakat-and-dhiraj-bommadevara-miss-medal-by-a-whisker-but-script-history-for-indian-archery-in-paris-olympics-101722605522066.html |title=Ankita Bhakat and Dhiraj Bommadevara miss medal by a whisker but script history for Indian archery in Paris Olympics |website=hindustantimes.com |date=2 August 2024 |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/ankita-bhakat_1546200 |title=BHAKAT Ankita |work=[[Paris 2024 Olympics]] |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhakat, Ankita}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female archers]]
[[Category:World Archery Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Olympic archers for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Archers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development

2025-10-28T10:25:14Z

HungHanks23355: made basic entry first draft.

{{Short description|Research institution in Northeast India}}
{{Infobox Institute
| name = Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD)
| image = Ibsd India logo.png
| image_size =
| image_name =
| caption =
| motto = Promoting Bioresources
| established = {{Start date and age|2003}}
| parent = [[Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council]] (BRIC)
| head_label = [[Director (education)|Director]]
| head = Dr. Nanaocha Sharma ''(Additional Charge)''
| faculty =
| staff =
| budget =
| endowment =
| debt =
| location = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India
| address =
| website = https://ibsd.gov.in
}}
'''The Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development''' (IBSD) is an autonomous research institution under the [[Department of Biotechnology]] (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India. Located in Imphal, Manipur, it is the only DBT institute dedicated exclusively to researching and sustainably utilizing the unique bioresources of the [[Northeast India|North Eastern Region of India]].

==History==
IBSD was legally registered in April 2001 under the Manipur Societies Registration Act, 1989. The institute began functioning after the appointment of its first Director on January 18, 2003, and has since pursued its mission of developing [[bioresources]] sustainably for socio-economic development in India’s North East.<ref>{{cite web |title=History - IBSD |url=https://ibsd.gov.in/ibsd/home/index.php/pages/view?id=history |website=ibsd.gov.in |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==Objectives and areas of research==
IBSD's main objectives are:
*Establishment of state-of-the-art biotechnology research facilities in Imphal, which is located in the [[Indo-Burma]] [[biodiversity hotspot]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India's development is incomplete without development of North Eastern Region– Vice President |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1761183 |work=www.pib.gov.in |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=5 October 2021}}</ref>
*Summarizing and investigating the wealth of biodiversity at India and Southeast Asia's land [[biogeographic]] interface.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur Governor highlights biodiversity of northeast |url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-governor-highlights-biodiversity-of-northeast |work=www.easternmirrornagaland.com |publisher=[[Eastern Mirror]] |date=20 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
*Orchestrating biotechnological innovation for sustainable exploitation of indigenous bioresources.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=B |last2=Bhardwaj |first2=PK |last3=Chaudhary |first3=SK |last4=Pathaw |first4=N |last5=Singh |first5=HK |last6=Tampha |first6=S |last7=Singh |first7=KK |last8=Sharma |first8=N |last9=Mukherjee |first9=PK |title=Bioeconomy and ethnopharmacology - Translational perspective and sustainability of the bioresources of northeast region of India. |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |date=10 August 2024 |volume=330 |article-number=118203 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2024.118203 |pmid=38641075}}</ref>
*Developing human capability in bioresource conservation, management, and commercialization.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |title=Deal to help research |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/deal-to-help-research/cid/1389461 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |date=25 August 2017}}</ref>
*Enabling employment generation and regional economic growth through technology transfer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=W Mohendro|title=Working on Mushroom cultivation and harnessing their potentials |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/11/2/Dr-W-Mohendro-Singh-AO-IBSD-Imphal-Contd-from-previous-issueThe-study-identified-14-newly-recorded-mush.html |work=www.thesangaiexpress.com |publisher=[[The Sangai Express]] |date=2 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*Association with national and foreign organizations to advance bioresource research.<ref name="telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news |title=IBSD, NBRC sign MoU |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/2/9/IMPHAL-Feb-9The-Institute-of-Bioresources-and-Sustainable-Development-IBSD-Imphal-has-signed-a-MoU-with.html |work=www.thesangaiexpress.com |issue=9 February 2024 |publisher=[[The Sangai Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Samom |first1=Sobhapati |title=Manipur-based IBSD signs MoU with US institute |url=https://assamtribune.com/manipur-based-ibsd-signs-mou-with-us-institute |work=assamtribune.com |publisher=[[The Assam Tribune]] |date=15 September 2010 |language=en}}</ref>

==Centres==
IBSD is headquartered in Imphal and operates a Regional Centre in [[Gangtok]] (Sikkim), and Research Nodes in [[Shillong]] (Meghalaya) and [[Aizawl]] (Mizoram). Additionally, it maintains a Bioresource Park at Haraorou, Imphal, for [[germplasm]] collection and conservation.<ref>{{cite news |title=First bio-resource hub in the making in NE |url=https://assamtribune.com/first-bio-resource-hub-in-the-making-in-ne |work=assamtribune.com |publisher=[[The Assam Tribune]] |date=15 September 2010 |language=en}}</ref>

==Outreach and other activities==
*IBSD established a Science Museum in [[Chandel district|Chandel]], an aspirational district of Manipur. The museum showcases biodiversity exhibits, traditional bioresources, scientific instruments, and facilitates lectures and community outreach programs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Science Museum opened in Manipur's Chandel |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/science-museum-opened-manipurs-chandel-1502994327.html |work=The Statesman |date=14 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*The institute actively organizes seminars, workshops, and training programs to promote bio-entrepreneurship and awareness of Northeastern bioresources.<ref>{{cite news |title=Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh inaugurates International Biotech Conclave, first-ever in Northeast |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1902350 |work=www.pib.gov.in |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
*Initiatives include the Phytopharmaceutical Mission, Himalayan Bioresources Mission, Synergy Mission, and research in Network [[Pharmacology]] to foster translational outcomes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Meghalaya: Field training conducted under Himalayan Bioresource Mission on Gaultheria fragrantissima |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/meghalaya-field-training-conducted-388389-2022-06-01 |work=[[India Today|India Today NE]] |date=1 June 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Pulok Mukherjee]]

==See also==
*[[Department of Biotechnology]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{coord|24.8032|93.9049|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Research institutes established in 2003]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Manipur]]

Battle of Shamli

2025-10-13T13:37:01Z

HungHanks23355: new

{{Short description|1857 battle in the Indian Rebellion of 1857}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Shamli
| partof = the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 10 May 1857
| place = [[Thana Bhawan]], [[Shamli district]], India
| territory =
| result = British victory<ref name="کیا ۱۸۵۷/ کی جدوجہد ”پہلی “جنگ آزادی تھی ؟">{{cite journal |journal=Darul Uloom |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/articles/tmp/1428729711%2005-Kia%201857%20Ki%20Jido%20Juhd_MDU_09_September_2007.htm|author=[[Wali Rahmani]]|title=کیا ۱۸۵۷/ کی جدوجہد "پہلی "جنگ آزادی تھی ؟ |trans-title= Was the 1857 first war of Independence? |issue=9 |volume=1|publisher =Darul Uloom Deoband|date=September 2007|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Deobandi jihadism|Local Muslim Militias]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|East India Company}}
| commander1 = [[Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] [[Rashid Ahmed Gangohi]] [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]] [[Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi]] [[Najib Ali Choudhury]]<ref name="Rahman2009">{{cite book|last1=Rahman|first1=Md. Matiur|last2=Bhuiya|first2=Abdul Musabbir|title=Teaching of Arabic language in Barak Valley: a historical study (14th to 20th century)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/92871/7/07_chapter%203.pdf |year=2009|publisher=Assam University|location=Silchar|pages=59–60}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Thanwi|first=Ashraf Ali|authorlink=Ashraf Ali Thanwi|title=Imdad al-Mushtaq ila Ashraf al-Akhlaq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYFCAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Haji+Imdad+Allah+Faruqi+was+a+paragon+of+Chishti-%C2%A7abiri+tradition+who+took+an+active+part+in+the+1857+uprising+and+even+established+an+emirate+at+Thana+Bhawan.+Shamli%27s+catastrophe+forced+him+to+leave+India+and+settle+at+Mecca%22|journal=Islamic Culture|volume=LVI|issue=I|year=1982|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|page=321}}</ref> Muhammad Zamin{{KIA}} [[Muhammad Munir Nanautavi]]
| commander2 = unknown
| units1 =
| units2 =
| strength1 = unknown
| strength2 = unknown
| casualties1 = unknown
| casualties2 = unknown
| notes =
}}

The '''Battle of Shamli''' or '''Battle of Thana Bhawan''' was fought on 10 May 1857 between the forces of [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] and the East India Company. It was part of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].

On 10 May 1857, local Muslims under the leadership of [[Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] gathered at [[Thana Bhawan]], a small town in the [[Shamli district]] in current-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], around 120 km from [[Delhi]], to stage a violent protest against [[Company rule in India]]. The clergy won the day in what came to be known as the Battle of Shamli<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/Family-Kids/13687-who-led-1857s-battle-of-shamli/|title=Who led 1857's Battle of Shamli?|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfilesindia.com/tablighi-jamaat-faity-vs-frenzy/|title=Tablighi Jamaat: Faith vs Frenzy|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802060527/https://www.gfilesindia.com/tablighi-jamaat-faity-vs-frenzy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and established a government mostly in the [[Shamli district]]. [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]] was the commander-in-chief and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] was the [[Qadi]] of the [[State (polity)|state]], but soon after the killing of Muhammad Zamin, the situation turned in favour of the East India Company. The arrest of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]], one of the main leaders of the Rebellion of 1857, followed. [[Shamli district|Shamli]] fell to the British, and the town of [[Thana Bhawan]] was largely destroyed by the [[East India Company]] Army.<ref name="جنگ آزادی میں مولانا رشید احمد گنگوہی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کا کردار">{{cite news|url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%81%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1|author=|title=جنگ آزادی میں مولانا رشید احمد گنگوہی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کا کردار|date=November 2014|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author1=Najmul Hasan Thanwi |title=Maidan-e-Shamli-o-Thana Bhawan awr Sarfaroshan-e-Islam |publisher=Idara Talifat-e-Ashrafia |location=[[Thana Bhawan]] |language=ur}}
* [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/600413?mode=full Role of Indian Arabic Writers in the Freedom Movement of India], p. 67–92
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1857 in India]]
[[Category:Shamli district]]
[[Category:Battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857|Shamli]]

Burmagomphus cauvericus

2025-09-28T21:33:02Z

HungHanks23355: created a info.

{{Short description|Species of dragonfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Burmagomphus cauvericus.jpg
| image_caption = Male
| image2 = Burmagomphus cauvericus female lateral view.jpg
| image2_caption = Female
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=Kakkasery, F. |date=2011 |title=''Burmagomphus cauvericus'' |volume=2011 |article-number=e.T175150A7113920 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T175150A7113920.en |access-date=1 March 2022|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/175150/7113920}}</ref>
| genus = Burmagomphus
| species = cauvericus
| authority = Fraser, 1926
}}

'''''Burmagomphus cauvericus'''''<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref> is a species of [[dragonfly]] in the family [[Gomphidae]]. It was earlier known only from the banks of [[Kaveri]] river in [[Kodagu district]].<ref name="iucn"/><ref name=atlas>{{cite book |last1=K.A. |first1=Subramanian |last2=K.G. |first2=Emiliyamma |last3=R. |first3=Babu |last4=C. |first4=Radhakrishnan |last5=S.S. |first5=Talmale |title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India |date=2018 |publisher=Zoological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-8171-495-4|pages=206–207}}</ref> It is recently recorded from [[Kerala]] too.<ref> {{cite web|year=2022| title=Burmagomphus cauvericus Fraser, 1926|author= | website=Odonata of India, v. 1.57. Indian Foundation for Butterflies| url=http://www.indianodonata.org/sp/457/Burmagomphus-cauvericus}}</ref>

==Description and habitat==
[[File:Burmagomphus cauvericus from Arivikuthu, Thodupuzha by Kausthubh K N, 6-7-2021.jpg|thumb|left|''Burmagomphus cauvericus'' from [[Thodupuzha]], [[Kerala]]]]
It is a medium-sized dragonfly with bottle-green eyes. Its thorax is black, marked with greenish-yellow stripes. The upper [[humeral spot]] is usually absent. Lateral markings on thorax are very similar to those of ''[[Burmagomphus pyramidalis]]''; the stripe on the first suture is almost confluent to join the upper part of the stripe on the second suture. This species can be easily recognized by the anterior thoracic markings of ''[[Burmagomphus laidlawi]]'' with the lateral thoracic markings of ''[[Burmagomphus pyramidalis]]''.<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. II|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London|year=1934|pages=222–223|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2/page/n245}}</ref><ref name=Fraser-BNHS>{{cite journal|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=Indian dragonflies. Part XXIV| volume= 31|pages=408–426|journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|year=1926|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/185601#page/582/mode/1up}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of odonates of India]]
* [[List of odonata of Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1850688}}

[[Category:Gomphidae]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1926]]

{{Gomphidae-stub}}

Alpesh Dhakan

2025-09-25T02:04:18Z

HungHanks23355:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{no footnotes|date=August 2014}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2019}}
}}

'''Alpesh Dhakan''' (born 25 February 1985) is an Indian television actor known for having portrayed the role of Lord Ganesha in the serial, [[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]] that aired on [[Life OK]] from 2011 to 2014. He is also known for playing the role of Saurabh Bose in the drama series, [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]].

==Career==
Dhakan began his acting career with a small role in the play, ''Achalayatan'' (The Immovable), by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in September 2008. His second play was Muktidhaam in 2009. From 2010 to 2011, he appeared in the VRG Drama, [[Gandhi Before Gandhi]] at the JAINA Convention in Antwerp and subsequent shows in Indian cities such as Ahmedabad, Mumbai, and Hyderabad.

Dhakan's first television appearance came in 2011, with him landing the role of the youngest son of the Uttank family in the serial [[Sanskaar Laxmi]], which aired on Zee TV. In 2012, he appeared in [[Parichay (TV series)|Parichay — Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]] on Colors TV, [[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada|Kya Hua Tera Vadaa]] on Sony and [[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] on Sab TV. In 2013, he worked in [[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?|Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava]] and [[Savitri (TV series)|Savitri]], both on Life OK. In November 2013, he appeared in the role of Lord Ganesha in the mythological series, [[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]] on Life OK. He has played minor roles in ''Rakshak on Life'' OK in 2013, [[Emotional Atyachar]] on Channel V in 2013, [[Comedy Nights with Kapil]] on Colors TV in 2014, and [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]] on Sony TV from 2016 to 2017. Makers Won't Confirm That He will Part Of Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi Season 3.

Dhakan appeared in [[Kevi Rite Jaish]], a 2012 Gujarati drama film directed by [[Abhishek Jain]]. His movie [[Yaan (film)|Yaan]] was a Tamil action thriller film directed by the cinematographer, [[Ravi K. Chandran]], where he plays the role of Vikas.

==References==
*[http://article.wn.com/view/2013/10/29/Ganesha_in_Mahadev_set_to_be_replaced/ Ganesha in 'Mahadev' set to be replaced]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhakan, Alpesh}}
[[Category:Indian television male child actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Nagzari, Vikramgad

2025-09-20T08:19:09Z

HungHanks23355: made info

{{Short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagzari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.7817735|N|72.8545019|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 15
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 213
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551790
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nagzari''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Nagzari has 40 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 92.78%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 213 || 108 || 105
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 33 || 15 || 18
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 208 || 105 || 103
|-
| Literates || 167 || 89 || 78
|-
| Workers (all) || 122 || 61 || 61
|-
| Main workers (total) || 122 || 61 || 61
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 34 || 16 || 18
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 82 || 40 || 42
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 6 || 5 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Non-workers || 91 || 47 || 44
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

Gurjar Kshatriya Kadias

2025-09-19T20:58:32Z

HungHanks23355: created a stub.

{{Cleanup rewrite|date=September 2024}}
'''Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia''', also known as '''Gurjar Kadia'''/ '''Gujjar Kadia''', and '''Kadia Kshatriya''' are a [[Hindu]] community mostly in [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]], in India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saraswati|first=Baidyanath|title=Pottery-making Cultures and Indian Civilization|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=56}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Institute |first=Deccan College Post-graduate and Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnlDAAAAYAAJ&q=Gujjar+kshatriya+kadia |title=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |date=1995 |publisher=Dr. A. M. Ghatage, director, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute |pages=167 |language=en}}</ref>

==Distribution==

They are found in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of Gujarat specifically in the districts of [[Junagadh]], [[Vadodara]], [[Surat]], [[Amreli]] and [[Jamnagar]]. They are said to have founded thirty six villages in the [[Halar|Halar Region]] of Jamnagar district.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Rs 40 lakh showered on Gujarati folk singers (Watch Video) {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/rs-40-lakh-showered-on-gujarati-folk-singers-1724231/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=xx>{{cite news |title=સમૂહ લગ્ન આયોજન:સમસ્ત શ્રી ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય કડિયા સમાજ દ્વારા રાજકોટ ખાતે 45મો ભવ્ય સમૂહ લગ્નોત્સવ યોજાયો |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/ahmedabad/news/samast-shri-gurjar-kshatriya-kadiya-samaj-organized-45th-grand-mass-marriage-festival-at-rajkot-132291353.html |access-date=18 June 2025 |agency=Divya Bhaskar |issue=June 2023}}</ref>

Outside, Gujarat, community members live mainly in [[Maharashtra]]<ref name=xx/><ref name=md/> in cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Nagpur]].<ref name=md>{{cite news|title=કડિયા પ્રીમિયર લીગનું ચૅમ્પિયનપદ પુણેની બૅચલર બૉય્સ ટીમે જીતી લીધું|url=http://www.gujaratimidday.com/sports/cricket/kadiay-premiat-league|access-date=20 March 2015|agency=Midday.com|publisher=Jagran|date=23 April 2012}}</ref> The community members also live in [[Dhanbad]], [[Jharia]] and [[Kolkata]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}

Further, the migrant population is found in East Africa<ref>{{cite book|title=Kenya Gazette 3 May 1966|year=1966|page=461|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxnrUs4jICQC&q=gurjjar+kshatriya&pg=PA461}}</ref>

==Religion and customs==
The community follows Hindu rituals and Hindu gods and goddess. They worship [[Lord Swaminarayan]], [[Lord Krishna]], [[Lord Rama]], [[Vishwakarma]], the Hindu presiding deity of all craftsmen and architects<ref>{{cite news|title=ગોંડલમાં વિશ્વકમૉ જયંતી નિમિત્તે શોભાયાત્રા Procession being taken out on Vishwakarma Jayanti|url=http://bollywood.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/SAU-1203215-1852377.html|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Divya Bhaskar|date=15 February 2011}}</ref> and their [[Kuladevata]] and [[Shurapura]]s. The community members attend the [[Shivaratri]] festival held at [[Junagadh]] - [[Girnar]] in large numbers, where the community also owns a large [[Dharamshalas|dharamshala]].<ref>{{cite news|title=જૂનાગઢની આર્થિક કરોડરજજુ શિવરાત્રિનો મેળો : પાંચ દિવસમાં રૂ.રપ કરોડનો લાભ Junagadh's economic backbone - Girnar Shivaratri fair - generates income of 25 crores in five days|url=http://www.sandesh.com/article.aspx?newsid=35807|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223013409/http://www.sandesh.com/article.aspx?newsid=35807|archive-date=2007-12-23|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Sandesh|date=18 February 2012}}</ref>

The Hindu rites of marriage are followed and they are an [[Endogamy|endogamous]] community who practice the principle of clan [[exogamy]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Mass community marriages are held during [[Vasant Panchami]] since more than last two decades beginning in year 1986.<ref>{{cite news|title=ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય સમાજનો સમૂહલગ્નોત્સવ યોજાશે 25th Mass marriage function to be held by Gurjar Kshatriya community|url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/DGUJ-1775096-2788928.html|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Divya Bhaskar|date=25 January 2011}}</ref>

==News==
The community was in news when in 2008, the two boys of their community studying in [[Ashram]] run by [[Asaram Bapu]] at [[Ahmedabad]] were found dead in mysterious circumstances alleged to be victim of some [[Tantra|tantric]] practices, which created a huge uproar not only in Gujarat but whole of India and they demanded [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] probe in death of the boys of their community.<ref name="s">{{cite web | url=http://article.wn.com/view/WNAT49af742457254a0d88f1263b79dd7964/ | title=ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય કડિયા સમાજ આસારામ બાપુનો વિરોધ કરશે | publisher=wn.com | date=2009-09-08 | access-date=7 March 2015 | author=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gurjjar Kshatriya Samaj demands CBI probe into Asaram Ashram whodunit|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/gurjjar-kshatriya-samaj-demands-cbi-probe-into-asaram-ashram-whodunit/337194/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122160203/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/gurjjar-kshatriya-samaj-demands-cbi-probe-into-asaram-ashram-whodunit/337194/|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2013|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Express India|date=18 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય કડિયા સમાજમાં આક્રોશ Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia community shows their anguish|url=http://article.wn.com/view/WNAT98de93ce2076688e9e52062dd0e0116b/|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Sandesh|date=15 July 2008}}</ref>

In 2013, the community meeting took place at [[Chikhli, Gujarat|Chikhli]]<ref>{{cite news|title=ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય કડિયા સમાજ દ્વારા પ્રતિભા સન્માન સમારોહ યોજાયો|url=http://www.sandesh.com/printarticle.aspx?newsid=111370&lang=Read%20in%20English|access-date=27 February 2015|publisher=Sandesh|date=2 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014, the whole community voted to elect new leader at a gathering at [[Fatsar]] near [[Una, Gujarat|Una]].<ref>{{cite news|title=ગુર્જર ક્ષત્રિય કડિયા સમાજ સમસ્‍ત હાલાર વિભાગ મોટીનાતના પ્રમુખપદે નરેન્‍દ્રભાઇ સોલંકી|url=http://www.akilanews.com/05032014/rajkot-news/1394001205-22380|access-date=27 February 2015|agency=Akila news.com|date=5 March 2014}}</ref>

In 2023 they held mass marriage function at Rajkot, which was attended Gujarat cabinet minister Kunawarji Bawaliya of BJP.<ref name=xx/>

==See also==
* [[Kadia Kumbhar]]
* [[Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Gurjar]]

Safipur Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:47:43Z

HungHanks23355: Made entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Safipur
| map_image = 163-Safipur.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,46,258
| constituency_no = 163
| district = [[Unnao district|Unnao]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Bamba Lal Diwakar]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
}}
'''Safipur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Safipur]] and other parts of [[Safipur tehsil]] and [[Hasanganj tehsil]], in [[Unnao district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref> It is one of six assembly constituencies in the [[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher = [[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718103411/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2022, the constituency is represented by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Bamba Lal Diwakar]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Sudhir Kumar (politician)|Sudhir Kumar]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Bamba Lal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref name="results2022" />
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Safipur<ref name="results2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bamba Lal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:102968}}
|percentage = 52.13
|change = +9.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kunwar Chand Vakil
|votes = {{formatnum:68836}}
|percentage = 34.85
|change = +10.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:19768}}
|percentage = 10.01
|change = -18.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1745}}
|percentage = 0.88
|change = -0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34132}}
|percentage = 17.28
|change = +3.47
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197535}}
|percentage = 57.05
|change = -3.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Safipur<ref name="election2017"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bamba Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:84068}}
|percentage = 42.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ram Baran
|votes = {{formatnum:56832}}
|percentage = 28.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sudhir Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:48506}}
|percentage = 24.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Bablu Rawat
|votes = {{formatnum:2056}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1820}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27236}}
|percentage = 13.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197225}}
|percentage = 60.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.74|80.35|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Unnao district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Hazrat Begum

2025-07-17T07:47:45Z

HungHanks23355: expanded intro also and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Hazrat Begum
| title = [[Princess|Shahdukht]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| image =
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1740
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[Delhi Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]] (modern day [[India]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| consort = yes
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]|1757|1772|end= {{Abbr|d.|death}}}}
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] (by birth) [[Durrani]] (by marriage)
| father = [[Muhammad Shah]]
| mother = [[Sahiba Mahal]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| image_size =
}}

'''Hazrat Begum''' ({{langx|fa|حضرت بیگم}}; {{langx|ps|حضرت بېګم}}; born {{circa}} 1740), also known as '''Hazrat Mahal'''<ref name="Sarkar1964">{{cite book | author = Sir Jadunath Sarkar | date = 1964 | title = 1771-1788. 3d ed. 1964 | publisher = Orient Longman | pages = 307}}</ref><ref name="Saha1997">{{cite book | author = Dr. B. P. Saha | date = 1997 | title = Begams, Concubines, and Memsahibs | publisher = Vikas Publishing House | pages = 29 | isbn = 9788125902850 }}</ref> and '''Sahiba Begum''',<ref name="Sarkar">{{cite web | author = Sarkar, Jadunath| title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire, Volume 1 | website=Internet Archive | date=1964 | page = 334| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007 | access-date=2021-11-01}}</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal princess]], as the daughter of Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]]. She was a wife of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the first emir of the [[Durrani Empire]].

==Life==
Hazrat Begum was born a Mughal princess and was the daughter of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] and his wife [[Sahiba Mahal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Jadunath|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire.|date=1999|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad|isbn=9788125017615|page=268|edition=4th}}</ref> In April 1748, her father died, and her brother, [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]], ascended the throne.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Michael|title=The Orchid House: Splendours and Miseries of the Kingdom of Oudh, 1827-1857|date=1960|publisher=Cassell|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUeAAAAMAAJ&q=chief+queen|language=en}}</ref> His mother, [[Qudsia Begum]], gave pension to the Begums and the children of the late emperor not only from the government's purse but also from her own funds.<ref>{{cite book|first=Savita|last=Kumari|title=Udham Bai: A Glimpse into the Aplendid Life of a Later Mughal Queen|page=51}}</ref>

On 26 May 1754,<ref name="Sarkar"/> Ahmad Shah was attacked on a journey by a band of Marathas under Malhar Rao Holkar.<ref>{{cite book | author = Bilkees I. Latif | date = 2010 | title = Forgotten | publisher = Penguin Books India | pages = 50 | isbn = 978-0-14-306454-1}}</ref> While running away from Sikandrabad, he took along with him Hazrat Begum, his mother [[Qudsia Begum]], his son [[Mahmud Shah Bahadur]], and his favourite wife Inayetpuri Bai, leaving all other empresses and princesses at the mercy of the enemies.<ref>{{cite book | author = Sudha Sharma | title = The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India | publisher = SAGE Publications India | isbn = 9789351505679 | date = March 21, 2016|page=66}}</ref>

At the age of sixteen in February 1756, she became so famous for her matchless beauty that the Mughal emperor [[Alamgir II]], who was then about sixty, used pressure and threats to force Sahiba Mahal and the princess' guardian and step-mother, [[Badshah Begum]], to give him Hazrat Begum's hand in marriage.<ref name=Islamic >{{cite book|last1=Aḥmad|first1=ʻAzīz|last2=Israel|first2=Milton|title=Islamic society and culture: essays in honour of Professor Aziz Ahmad|date=1983|publisher=Manohar|page=146|language=en}}</ref> The princess preferred death over marrying an old wreck of sixty and Alamgir II did not succeed in marrying her.<ref name="Islamic" />

In April 1757, after [[Sack of Delhi (1757)|sacking the imperial capital of Delhi]], the Durrani king Ahmed Shah Abdali desired to marry the deceased Emperor Muhammad Shah's 16-year-old daughter.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Comprehensive History of India: 1712-1772|date=1978|publisher=Orient Longmans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggduAAAAMAAJ&q=Hazrat+sahiba+mahal|language=en}}</ref> As she was only 16 years old, Badshah Begum again resisted handing over her tender charge to an Afghan king 35 years old, but Shah forcibly wedded her on 5 April 1757 in Delhi.<ref name=Sarkar71>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Sir Jadunath|title=1754-1771 (Panipat). 3d ed. 1966, 1971 printing|date=1971|publisher=Orient Longman|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtU5AQAAIAAJ&q=Hazrat+sahiba+mahal|language=en}}</ref> After the wedding celebrations, Ahmad Shah took his young wife back to his native place of [[Afghanistan]]. The weeping bride was accompanied by Badshah Begum, Sahiba Mahal and a few ladies of note from the imperial Mughal harem.<ref name="Sarkar71" />

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Hazrat Begum'''
|2= 2. [[Muhammad Shah|Muhammad Shah, Mughal Emperor]]
|3= 3. [[Sahiba Mahal]]<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book | author = Jaswant Lal Mehta | date = 1 January 2005 | title = Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 | publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | pages = 137 | isbn = 978-1-932705-54-6}}</ref>
|4= 4. [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] [[Jahan Shah (Mughal prince)|Jahan Shah]]
|5= 5. Fakhr-un-nissa Begum<ref name="malik">{{cite book|last1=Malik|first1=Zahir Uddin|title=The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748|date=1977|publisher=Asia Pub. House|location=London|isbn=9780210405987|page=407}}</ref>
|6= 6. Sayid Salabat Khan<ref name="Singh2001">{{cite book | editor = Nagendra Kr Singh | date = 2001 | title = Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: S-Z | publisher = A.P.H. Publishing Corporation | isbn = 9788176482356 | page = 10}}</ref>
|7= 7. Safa Begum<ref name="Archives1970">{{cite book | author = Maharashtra (India). Dept. of Archives | date = 1970 | title = Maharashtra Archives, Volume 5 | publisher = Director, Government Print. and Stationery, Maharashtra State. | page = 13}}</ref>
|8= 8. [[Bahadur Shah I|Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor]]
|9= 9. Dilruba<ref>Muni Lal, ''Mini Mughals'' (1989), p. 29</ref>
|10=
|11=
|12= 12. Nawab Sa'adat Khan Zulfiqar Jang<ref>{{cite book|last1=University|first1=Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim|title=Medieval India : a miscellany|date=1972|publisher=Asia Pub. House.|location=London|isbn=9780210223932|pages=252}}</ref>
|13=
|14=
|15=
|16= 16. [[Aurangzeb|Muhi-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor]]
|17= 17. Nawab Bai of [[Rajauri]]
|18=
|19=
|20=
|21=
|22=
|23=
|24= 24. Sayyid Hussain Marashi
|25=
|26=
|27=
|28=
|29= }}

==See also==
*[[Mughal Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Royal consorts of Afghanistan|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Mughal princesses]]
[[Category:1740s births]]
[[Category:People from the Durrani Empire]]
[[Category:Afghan royal consorts]]
[[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]

Modheshwari Temple, Modhera

2025-07-05T18:28:32Z

HungHanks23355: made a location

{{rewrite|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Modheshwari Mata Temple
|image=File:Modheshwari Temple, Modhera (63415).jpg
|caption=Main entrance of the temple
|map_type=India Gujarat#India
|map_caption=Location in Gujarat, India
|coordinates={{coord|23.5834|72.1454|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|deity=[[Modheshwari]]
|district=[[Mehsana]]
|state=[[Gujarat]]
|country=[[India]]
|architecture_style=Solanki
|creator=King Bhima I
|year_completed=1026-1027 CE
|native_name=મોઢેશ્વરી માતાજી
|native_name_lang=GU
|location=[[Modhera]]}}
'''Modheshwari Mata Temple''' is an ancient Hindu temple located in [[Modhera]] village of Mehsana district in Gujarat, India. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu mother-goddess [[Modheshwari]] Mata, an aspect of the divine feminine [[Shakti]]. It was built around 1026-1027 CE during the reign of the Solanki dynasty king [[Bhima I]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modheshwari Mata Temple - An Ancient Temple of Gujarat |url=https://www.goldentriangletour.com/en/tourist-attractions/india/gujarat/mahesana/modheshwari-mata-temple-gujarat.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=www.goldentriangletour.com}}</ref>

== Legend ==
According to Hindu mythology, the temple is associated with the legend of the demon Karnat, who was causing havoc in the village. Seeking protection, the saints prayed to the goddess [[Parvati]], who then manifested as Modheshwari Mata. With her eighteen arms wielding various weapons, she defeated the demon and protected the villagers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHRI MODHESHWARI MATA MANDIR NAVRATRI MAHOTSAV, MEHSANA |url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/shri-modheshwari-mata-mandir-navratri-mahotsav-mehsana-1 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=utsav.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Worship and rituals ==
The temple is revered as the clan deity of the Modh community, consisting of [[Brahmin]], [[Vaishya]], [[Kshatriya]], and [[Patidar]]. Special poojas and rituals are organized during Chaitra Navaratri and on the Purnima of every month. The temple opens at 07:00 AM and closes at 07:30 PM.

== Architecture and location ==
[[File:Modheshwari Temple, Modhera (36336).jpg|thumb|Interiors of the temple|left]]
The temple complex features exquisite stone carvings and sculptures, showcasing the Solanki style of architecture. It is situated near the ruins of the famous [[Sun Temple, Modhera|Sun Temple in Modhera]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=GanpatiSevak |date=2023-02-02 |title=Modheshwari Mata Temple Modhera: Aarti, Timings, History, HD Photos, Mantra, Chalisa |url=https://ganpatisevak.in/modheshwari-mata-temple-aarti-timings-history-photos/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Ganpati Sevak |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
The Modheshwari Mata Temple is a significant tourist attraction in Modhera and is located 25 km from Mehsana. Besides the temple in Modhera, there are notable temples dedicated to the deity in various cities across Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shree Modheshwari Mata Temple {{!}} श्री मोधेश्वरी माता मंदिर {{!}} Modhera Gujarat {{!}} About, Aarti, Timings, History, How to Reach |url=https://www.bhaktibharat.com/en/mandir/shree-modheshwari-mata-temple |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=BhaktiBharat.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Deities worshiped ==
Devi Modheshwari is depicted with eighteen arms, each holding various weapons symbolizing protection. The temple also houses an ancient temple dedicated to Bhagwan Surya (Sun God), now in ruins.

== Facilities ==
The temple premises are well-maintained, offering a peaceful environment for worship. Ample parking facilities and a restaurant are available for visitors' convenience.

== See also ==
* [[Sun Temple, Modhera]]
* [[Solanki architecture]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mehasana}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Modhera]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Mahu Ibrahimpur

2025-04-06T12:11:09Z

HungHanks23355: minor changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahu Ibrahimpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = (Mahu-Ibrahimpur, Khas, Dalalpur)
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Mahoo
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.72|N|77.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karauli district|Karauli]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hindaun Block|Hindaun Tehsil]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 8
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 10,000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 322254
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-7469
| registration_plate = RJ 34
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:889 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mahu Ibrahimpur''' is a [[town]] in [[Hindaun Block]] in [[Karauli]] [[List of districts of Rajasthan|district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]] in [[Northern India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAHOO IBRAHIDIST KARAULI BANK OF BARODA IFSC Code: Check BANK OF BARODA MAHOO IBRAHIDIST KARAULI IFSC, MICR Code and Branch address |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ifsc-bank-codes/params/ifsccode/bank-bank-of-baroda/state-rajasthan/district-karauli/branch-mahoo-ibrahidist-karauli |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The town is located in the vicinity of the [[Aravalli Range]]. Its population is approximately 10000. The town covers an area of 8 Square kilometres (3.1 sq mi).

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Cities and towns in Karauli district]]
[[Category:Hindaun Block]]

{{Bharatpurdivision-geo-stub}}

Kanikkaran

2025-03-20T20:26:12Z

HungHanks23355: made initial data needs work

{{Short description|Semi-nomadic community in southern India}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Kanikkaran
| image = Castes and tribes of southern India. Assisted by K. Rangachari (1909) (14596909057).jpg
| population = 25,088
| caption = Kanikkar tribal, Travancore, 1905
| total_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-11-03}}</ref>
| total_year = 2011 census
| popplace = {{flagcountry|India}}
| region1 = [[Kerala]]
| pop1 = 21,251
| region2 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| pop2 = 3,837
| languages = [[Kanikkaran language|Kanikkaran]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| religions = Folk Hinduism
| related-c =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| related_groups =
}}

'''Kanikkaran''' are a tribal community found in the southern parts of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states in India. According to 2011 census there are 24,000 Kanikkars,<ref name="census">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kev Kanikkaran A language of India]. ''The Ethnologue Website'', retrieved November 21, 2009</ref> living in several districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. They dwell in forests or near to forests in [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Kollam district|Kollam]] in Kerala, and [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]] and [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]] districts in Tamil Nadu.

Though they cultivate everything and make agriculture as the main profession, they have a special liking for fishing and hunting. Literacy is estimated to be around 53.84%.<ref>[http://www.focusonpeople.org/major_tribals_in_kerala.htm#9 Major Tribals in Kerala]. ''Focus On People'', retrieved August 20, 2011</ref> ''Kaanikkar Nritham'' is a form of group dance performed as a rural offering. [[Kokra (instrument)|Kokra]] is a traditional musical instrument used by them.<ref>[http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/performingarts.htm Tribal Dances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806203547/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/performingarts.htm |date=2017-08-06 }}. ''The PRD Kerala Website'', retrieved August 20, 2011</ref>

==Language==
The [[Kanikkaran language]] is closely related to Tamil, but has significant Malayalam influence.<ref name="census" /><ref>{{Citation | editor-last=Lewis | editor-first=Paul M. | title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition | publisher=SIL International | publication-date=2009 | isbn=978-1-55671-216-6}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Amboori|Amboori Village]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Kerala]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]