https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=HildaCorley2963 2026-08-08T07:26:35Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirumayam_Assembly_constituency&diff=541497 2026-05-07T04:32:46Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 181<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Thirumayam.svg<br /> | incumbent_image = S. Regupathy in 2004 (cropped).jpg<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Pudukottai district|Pudukottai]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> | alliance = {{legend2|#dd1100|'''[[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]'''|border=solid 1px #000}}<br /> | mla = [[S. Regupathy]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2026<br /> | name = Thirumayam<br /> | electors = 220,568 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Tirumayam''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Pudukkottai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206082957/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |archive-date=6 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> |1952<br /> |[[Chinnaya]] and Palaniappan<br /> |<br /> |TTP and [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[V. Ramaiah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | Ponnambalam<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[A. Thiagarajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[N. Sundarraj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> | [[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | [[T. Pushparaj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[Alavayal V. Subbaiah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | [[S. Regupathy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | [[V. Chinniah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | [[M. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | [[R. M. Subburam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | [[P. K. Vairamuthu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |rowspan=3| [[S. Regupathy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.13}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.58}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.27}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.14}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.56}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|47.35}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|70.38}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|30.29}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|69.42}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.72}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|25.92}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.20}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.79}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.58}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.83}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|24.58}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. K. Vairamuthu]]|party=AIADMK|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakshmi Seenivasan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= C. Sindhamani|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,19,279|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thirumayam Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a181|access-date= 2 Jul 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71,349 |percentage=41.13% |change=-4.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. K. Vairamuthu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,967 |percentage=40.34% |change=-4.77 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Selvakumar |party=Independent politician |votes=15,144 |percentage=8.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Sivaraman |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=11,061 |percentage=6.38% |change=+4.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muniaraju |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,503 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Thirumeni |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,356 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,382 |percentage=0.80% |change= 0.31% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=173,462 |percentage=76.14% |change= -0.08% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=50|percentage=0.03% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,829 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.45% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,373 |percentage=45.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. K. Vairamuthu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71,607 |percentage=45.10% |change=-13.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pl. A. Chidambaram |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=5,096 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kanakarethinam |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,323 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vadamalai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,262 |percentage=1.42% |change=-0.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,114 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Suresh |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=950 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=766 |percentage=0.48% |change= -22.51% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=158,768 |percentage=76.22% |change= -2.52% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,304 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.68% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. K. Vairamuthu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=78,913 |percentage=58.27% |change=+18.4 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rm. Subburam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,778 |percentage=35.28% |change=-4.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vadamalai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,686 |percentage=1.98% |change=-6.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ilango |party=Independent politician |votes=1,457 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Radhakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,046 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sanjai Gandhi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,021 |percentage=0.75% |change=-0.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arimalam Thiyagi Subramanian Mutharayar |party=Independent politician |votes=927 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,135 |percentage=22.99% |change= 22.72% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=135,429 |percentage=78.74% |change= 6.12% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,992 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 18.13% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Rm. Subburam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,358 |percentage=40.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Radhakrishnan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,044 |percentage=39.87% |change=-11.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ku. Pa. Krishnan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,490 |percentage=8.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Murugesan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=7,863 |percentage=6.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chellakkannu |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,581 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Radhakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,462 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vengkatesan |party=TNJC |votes=618 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Narayanan |party=Independent politician |votes=607 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=314 |percentage=0.27% |change= -10.35% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=117,986 |percentage=72.62% |change= 13.03% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,477 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.42% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Radakrishnan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=58,394 |percentage=51.56% |change=+14.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,367 |percentage=40.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ganesan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,131 |percentage=2.76% |change=-1.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Adaikkammai |party=Independent politician |votes=1,606 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ramayee Achi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,555 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Chinnammal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,235 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Manimoli |party=Independent politician |votes=960 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,027 |percentage=10.62% |change= 0.11% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=113,248 |percentage=59.59% |change= -6.09% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 190,112 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= 4.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Chinniah]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=53,552 |percentage=47.35% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,664 |percentage=36.84% |change=-33.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Annathurai |party=Independent politician |votes=5,569 |percentage=4.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Pavanan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,385 |percentage=3.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subbaiah |party=Independent politician |votes=2,875 |percentage=2.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Alaguraj |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,829 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Venkatachalam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,327 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,888 |percentage=10.51% |change= -32.79% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=113,093 |percentage=65.68% |change= 1.53% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,332 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -23.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,701 |percentage=70.38% |change=+45.47 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Erama Govindarasan |party=Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam |votes=27,970 |percentage=27.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,840 |percentage=1.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Muthu |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=546 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=44,731 |percentage=43.30% |change= 37.93% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=103,295 |percentage=64.15% |change= -7.54% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,211 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 40.09% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Sobiah |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,374 |percentage=30.29% |change=+2.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,630 |percentage=24.92% |change=-44.5 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Regupathy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,625 |percentage=24.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Vairamuthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,235 |percentage=19.87% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,744 |percentage=5.38% |change= -35.91% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=106,864 |percentage=71.69% |change= -3.69% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,912 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -39.13% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=T. Pushparaju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=65,043 |percentage=69.42% |change=+23.7 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Pawanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,360 |percentage=28.13% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Somsundaram |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=1,727 |percentage=1.84% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Iramanarayanan |party=Independent politician |votes=565 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,683 |percentage=41.29% |change= 41.03% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=93,695 |percentage=75.38% |change= 4.55% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,285 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 23.70% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Sundararaj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,479 |percentage=45.72% |change=+19.8 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pulavar Ponnambalam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,256 |percentage=45.46% |change=+19.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Seenivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=7,609 |percentage=8.81% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=223 |percentage=0.26% |change= 0.19% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,344 |percentage=70.82% |change= 2.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,324 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 19.80% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Sundararaj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,694 |percentage=25.92% |change=-7.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ponnambalam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,637 |percentage=25.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Subbiah |party=Independent politician |votes=18,505 |percentage=23.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Duraikkannu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,427 |percentage=18.07% |change=-35.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Raja |party=Janata Party |votes=4,559 |percentage=5.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Somasundara Odiyar |party=Independent politician |votes=578 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Iyalarasan Alias Govindan |party=Independent politician |votes=425 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=57 |percentage=0.07% |change= -19.59% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=79,825 |percentage=68.40% |change= -8.30% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,468 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -27.27% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Thiagarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,630 |percentage=53.20% |change=-9.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. R. Ramanathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,353 |percentage=33.54% |change=-0.73 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Umanath |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,470 |percentage=7.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Somasundaram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,186 |percentage=4.39% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Sakthivel |party=Independent politician |votes=695 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,277 |percentage=19.66% |change= -8.86% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=72,615 |percentage=76.70% |change= -6.52% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,743 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.59% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Ponnambalam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,511 |percentage=62.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramiah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,290 |percentage=34.26% |change=-9.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Somasundaram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,088 |percentage=2.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,221 |percentage=28.52% |change= 12.61% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=70,889 |percentage=83.22% |change= 11.59% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,371 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 19.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Ramaiah]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,219 |percentage=43.58% |change=-12.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Balakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=17,916 |percentage=27.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramasrinivasan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=16,915 |percentage=26.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,703 |percentage=2.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,303 |percentage=15.91% |change= -20.86% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=64,753 |percentage=71.63% |change= 15.75% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,588 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -12.25% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramiah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,178 |percentage=55.83% |change=+31.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthuvairava Ambalagarar |party=Independent politician |votes=9,619 |percentage=19.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Natarajan Servai |party=Independent politician |votes=8,867 |percentage=17.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kasi Viswanathan |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=3,804 |percentage=7.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,559 |percentage=36.77% |change= 35.52% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=50,468 |percentage=55.88% |change= -40.48% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,321 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 31.25% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thirumayam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Palaniyappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,692 |percentage=24.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Audiappan Ambalagarar |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=35,769 |percentage=23.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnayya |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=31,562 |percentage=20.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sambasiva Moopan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,579 |percentage=18.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajagapola Pandarathar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,178 |percentage=8.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivaswam Rangiyar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,546 |percentage=4.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,923 |percentage=1.25% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=153,326 |percentage=96.36% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,125 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coord|10.25|78.75|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Pudukkottai district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agam_Kuan&diff=484792 2026-04-30T12:20:24Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Agam Kuan<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | settlement_type = Archaeological<br /> | image_skyline = Agam Kuan.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Agam Kuan<br /> | nickname = <br /> | location = <br /> | pushpin_map= India Bihar#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption= Location of Agam Kuan<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25|35|53|N|85|11|48|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = Metro<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Patna]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = [[Patna Municipal Corporation]] <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 800007<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Agam Kuan''' (&quot;unfathomable well&quot;) is an ancient well and archaeological site in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India. It is said to date back to the period of [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan emperor]], [[Ashoka]] (304–232 BCE). It is circular in shape, lined with brick in the upper {{convert|13|m}} and wooden rings in the remaining {{convert|19|m}}.{{cn|date=June 2024}}<br /> <br /> The Agam Kuan is set within an archaeological site identified by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] which also contains the adjacent [[Shitala Mata Temple, Patna|Shitala Devi temple]] where the [[Shaktism|Shakti]] deity [[Shitala]] Devi is venerated. Inside this temple, the [[Pinda (riceball)|pindas]] of the [[Saptamatrikas]] (the seven mother goddesses) are worshipped. The temple is widely revered for its belief in curing [[smallpox]] and [[chicken pox]].<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> Agam Kuan is situated close to the [[Gulzarbagh]] railway station,&lt;ref name=doa/&gt; on the way to [[Panch Pahadi]], on the outskirts of Patna, [[Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]]. It is east of Patna and south-west of [[Gulzarbagh Station]].&lt;ref name=Patna&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dc-patna.bih.nic.in/Brief_History/ExploExcav.aspx |title=The Explorations and Excavations at Patna: Agamkuan, Khaaunia &amp; Stone Trough |publisher=National Informatics Centre |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111944/http://dc-patna.bih.nic.in/Brief_History/ExploExcav.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; India<br /> <br /> ==According to the legend==<br /> During the 1890s, the British explorer, [[Laurence Waddell]], while exploring the ruins of [[Pataliputra]], identified Agam Kuan as the legendary well built by [[Ashoka]] for the purpose of torture before he embraced [[Buddhism]],{{Sfn|Vishnu|1993|p=173}} as part of [[Ashoka's Hell]] chambers.{{Sfn|Kapoor|2002|p=4741}} The torture practice was also reported by Chinese travellers (most probably [[Fa Hien]]) of the 5th and 7th centuries A.D.&lt;ref name=doa&gt;{{cite web |title=Agam Kuan |url=http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-01.htm#AgamKuan |publisher=Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Bihar, official website |access-date=15 September 2008 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181914/http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-01.htm#AgamKuan |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The well is stated to have been used to torture convicts by throwing them into the fire that used to emanate from the well. Ashoka's Edict no. VIII makes mention of this well, which was also known as &quot;fiery well&quot; or &quot;hell on earth&quot;.{{Sfn|Vishnu|1993|p=173}} Another popular legend states that this was the well where Ashoka threw 99 of his elder half-brother's heads and put the heads in the well to obtain the throne of the [[Mauryan Empire]].&lt;ref name=doa/&gt; However, in [[archaeological]] surveys, no evidence of head bones or a skeleton has been discovered from the well, which contradicts the Buddhist Sinhalese legend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35492|title=Annual Report Of The Archaeological Survey Of India|last=Blakiston|first=J. F.|date=1928 |pages=34–36}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to a myth, the well has a subterranean link with the [[Patala]] ([[Underworld|netherworld]]) or hell; this was inferred on the basis that a saint found a heavy log in the well which was supposed to have been lost in the sea. Another geo-hydrological link suggested that Agam Kuan is connected to the [[Ganges river]].&lt;ref name=Patna/&gt;{{Sfn|Sinha|1999|p=34-35, 59}} {{Sfn|O’Brien|p=17}} The site is also connected with several [[Jain]] legends, the most notable of them being that of a Jain monk, Sudarshana, who, when thrown into the well by a king named Chand, floated to the surface and was found seated on a lotus.&lt;ref name=doa/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Statue of Matrikas found near Agam Kuan, Patna, 1895.jpg|thumb|Statue of Matrikas found near Agam Kuan.]]<br /> Visitors throw coins into Agam Kuan,{{Sfn|Sinha|1999|p=59}} as it is still considered auspicious. It is used for many religious ceremonies, especially [[Hindu]] weddings.&lt;ref name=doa/&gt; Although it is venerated, the well waters are not consumed.&lt;ref name=Patna/&gt; Offerings of flowers and coins are thrown into the well usually during summer months as the well's history is linked to &quot;heat and hell&quot;. Dating to Mohammedan rule, the Mughal officials offered coins of gold and silver to Agam Kuan.{{Sfn|Sinha|1999|p=34-35}}<br /> <br /> ==Features==<br /> The structure is {{Convert|105|ft}} deep, circular in plan, with a diameter extending over {{Convert|4.5|m}}. It is brick-encased in the upper half to a depth of {{Convert|44|ft}} while the lower {{Convert|61|ft}} are secured by a series of wooden rings. Covered with moss, the surface structure, which now covers the well and forms its most distinctive feature, has eight arched windows.&lt;ref name=doa/&gt; The well was refurbished during the reign of [[Emperor Akbar]] and a roofed structure was built around the well.&lt;!--{{Sfn|Allen|2012|p=141}}--&gt; {{citation needed|date=August 2021}} This circular structure has been fitted with eight windows which are well placed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-01.htm|title=Brief description of important archaeological sites/monuments among protected ones:Agam Kuan, Patna|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Bihar|access-date=15 September 2008|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181914/http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-01.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Grounds==<br /> [[File:Shitala Devi Temple.JPG|right|thumb|upright|The Shitala Devi temple]]<br /> In addition to the Agam Kuan, the archaeological site features a temple, as well as several ancient and medieval sculptures. The [[Shitala Mata Temple, Patna|Shitala Devi temple]] is adjacent to the well, and is dedicated to [[Shitala Devi]], which houses the pindas of the Saptamatrikas (the seven mother goddesses). The temple is widely venerated for its belief in curing smallpox and chicken pox, and it is also visited by devotees for wish fulfilment.&lt;ref name=doa/&gt;{{Sfn|O'Malley|1924|p=193}} The temple's female priest is an uncommon practice.{{Sfn|Sinha|1999|p=34-35}}<br /> <br /> A statue of [[Yaksha]] of the [[Mauryan]] art period stands guard outside the temple. It was described earlier by [[Alexander Cunningham]] when he visited the site in 1879–80.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO000001003U0210C000 British Library] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209012150/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO000001003U0210C000 |date=9 February 2012 }} &quot;A. Cunningham ([[Alexander Cunningham]]) wrote (after his 1879-80 tour), 'When I saw the two statues in the New Indian Museum at Calcutta, I then remembered that a broken statue of a similar kind was still standing at Agam Kua, just outside the city of Patna, adorned with a new head and a pair of roughly marked breasts, so as to do duty for the great goddess Mata-Mai...The Agam Kua is a very large and very old brick well...The broken figure is said to have been found in this well, and it seems probable therefore that the two statues were also found either at or near the same place.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; This artefact is not traceable in the present day.&lt;ref name=doa/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Patan Devi]]<br /> *[[Mahavir Mandir]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book|last= Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Mahi-Mewat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mc6C5dVHbGAC&amp;pg=PA4741|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-272-0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last=O’Brien|first=Derek |title=Derek Introduces: 100 Iconic Indians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMOeAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT17|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-81-291-3413-4}}<br /> *{{cite book|last= O'Malley |first=Lewis Sidney Steward |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers Patna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-QaOP5nK-MC&amp;pg=PA193|year=1924|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7268-121-0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last= Sinha |first=Nishi |title=Tourism Perspective in Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=puVMrtgd7kAC&amp;pg=PA59|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-975-7}}<br /> *{{cite book|last= Vishnu |first=Asha |title=Material Life of Northern India: Based on an Archaeological Study, 3rd Century B.C. to 1st Century B.C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaJ5oyrqBakC&amp;pg=PA173|year=1993|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-410-7}}<br /> {{Patna}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Maurya Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Patna]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Patna]]<br /> [[Category:Archaeological sites in Patna]]<br /> [[Category:Water wells in India]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient Indian archaeological sites]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby_Halder&diff=488860 2026-04-29T04:37:37Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: adding initial info w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian author (born 1973)}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox person | name = Baby Halder | image = &lt;!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt; | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1973}} | birth_place = [[Kashmir]], India&lt;ref name=hindu07&gt;{{cite news |title=IN CONVERSATION: 'Writing has to be classless' |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/04/15/stories/2007041500130500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419142444/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/04/15/stories/2007041500130500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2007 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 April 2007 |access-date=20 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --&gt; | death_place = | nationality = | other_names =<br /> | known_for = ''[[Aalo Aandhari (A Life Less Ordinary)]]'' (2006) | occupation = Domestic worker, writer }}<br /> <br /> '''Baby Halder''' (or '''Haldar''') (born 1973) is an Indian author. Her best known work is her autobiography ''[[Aalo Aandhari (A Life Less Ordinary)]]'' (2002) which describes her harsh life growing up as a domestic worker,&lt;ref name=nyt06/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ray|first=Raka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kagyDaljjQC&amp;dq=Baby+Haldar&amp;pg=PT94|title=Cultures of Servitude: Modernity, Domesticity, and Class in India|last2=Qayum|first2=Seemin|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0804771092|author-link=Raka Ray}}&lt;/ref&gt; later translated into 21 languages, including 13 foreign languages.&lt;ref name=dna07&gt;{{cite news |title=Baby's day out in Hong Kong |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_baby-s-day-out-in-hong-kong_1085823 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=19 March 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and marriage==<br /> Born in [[Kashmir]],&lt;ref name=hindu07/&gt; Halder was abandoned by her birth mother at age 4 in [[Murshidabad]], when her father's habitual drinking forced her mother to leave him.&lt;ref name=tribune06/&gt; Subsequently, she was raised by an abusive father, an ex-serviceman and driver and her step-mother, with whom she travelled from Kashmir to Murshidabad and finally to [[Durgapur, West Bengal]], where she grew up.&lt;ref name=tri10&gt;{{cite news |title= Housemaid makes it big in literature |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100327/dplus.htm#2 |newspaper=The Tribune |date=27 March 2010 |access-date=20 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; She went to school intermittently, and dropped off after sixth standard,&lt;ref name=dna07/&gt; when at the age of 12, her father married her off to a man 14 years her senior, and a small-time decorator.&lt;ref name=out2003&gt;{{cite web |title=The Diary of Baby Haldar |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?219105 |date=24 February 2003|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=BBC2004/&gt; She had her first child at the age of 13, and two more in a quick succession. Meanwhile, after her sister was strangled to death by her husband, she started working as a domestic servant in the neighbourhood. Finally in 1999, at the age of 25, after years of domestic violence, she left her husband, escaping to Delhi on a train, with her three children on board. Now as a single parent, she started working as a housemaid in New Delhi homes, to support and educate her children, sons Subodh and Tapas and daughter, Piya; and then encountered several exploitative employers.&lt;ref name=nyt06/&gt;&lt;ref name=out2003/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Literary career==<br /> Her last employer was writer and retired anthropology professor Prabodh Kumar, a grandson of noted Hindi literary giant [[Munshi Premchand]], living in [[Gurgaon]], a suburb of capital New Delhi. Kumar noted her interest in books while she was dusting his book shelves, and encouraged her to first read leading authors,&lt;ref name=out2003/&gt; starting with [[Taslima Nasreen]]'s autobiographical ''Amar Meyebela'' (My Girlhood) about a tumultuous youth and deep anger on being born a woman in a poor society. This deeply moved Halder and turned out be a turning point, as it was to inspire her own memories, later on. She soon zealously began reading other authors.&lt;ref name=BBC2004/&gt;&lt;ref name=dna06/&gt; Subsequently, before going on a trip to South India, Kumar bought her a [[notebook]] and pen and encouraged her to write her life story, which she did late at night after work and sometimes in between chores, using plain matter-of-fact language and writing in native [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. When Kumar was back after a month, she had already written 100 pages.&lt;ref name=BBC2004/&gt;&lt;ref name=dna06&gt;{{cite news |title=From maid to star author|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_from-maid-to-star-author_1041956 |publisher=DNA newspaper |date=16 July 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sunobserve06&gt;{{cite news |title=Books: A life less ordinary: Tell-all book on a domestic's hard life |url=https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2006/07/30/pow08.asp |newspaper=[[Sunday Observer]] |date=30 August 2006 |access-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819131541/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2006/07/30/pow08.asp |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After several months, when her memoir was completed, Kumar also aided in editing the manuscript, and shared it with local literary circles and translated it into [[Hindi]]. This version was published in 2002 by a small Kolkata-based publishing house, Roshani Publishers. It received media attention as it documented the hard lives led by domestic servants in Asia,&lt;ref name=sunobserve06/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ordinary women, extraordinary tales |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/80389/ordinary-women-extraordinary-tales.html |newspaper= [[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=20 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and within two years it had published two more editions.&lt;ref name=out2003/&gt;&lt;ref name=BBC2004&gt;{{cite news |title=From maid to bestselling author |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3644934.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=21 September 2004 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Bengali original, ''Aalo Aandhari'' (Light and Darkness) was also published in 2004. A [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] version appeared in 2005 and the English translation was published in 2006, which became a best-seller in India, while ''[[The New York Times]]'' called it India's ''[[Angela's Ashes]]''.&lt;ref name=nyt06&gt;{{cite news |title=In India, a Maid Becomes an Unlikely Literary Star |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/books/02maid.html?_r=1&amp;oref=slogin |author=Amelia Gentleman|work= The New York Times|date=2 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon it was translated into 21 languages, including 13 foreign languages, including French, Japanese and Korean.&lt;ref name=dna07/&gt;&lt;ref name=tribune06/&gt;<br /> <br /> The book was translated into German in 2008. In 2008, a visit for her to Germany was planned in the company of her publisher, to present the book to audiences there and explain to them the present situation of women in India. The [[University of Göttingen|Georg-August University in Goettingen, Germany]] arranged for a seminar to be held with the author and her publisher on 23 October 2008. Further seminars were arranged in [[Frankfurt]], Düsseldorf, [[Krefeld]], [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]], [[Kiel]], Berlin and [[Heidelberg]]. Her second book ''Eshat Roopantar'' in Bengali was also well received.&lt;ref name=tri10/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> As of 2012, Halder continues to work for Prabodh Kumar in DLF City, Gurgaon. Although she is building a house in Kolkata with earnings from her books,&lt;ref name=tribune06&gt;{{cite news |title=Maid to write sequel to autobiography|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060811/delhi.htm#5 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=11 August 2006 |access-date=20 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=PHOTO FEATURE: Her Bill Of Writes |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=hub260512BILL.asp |date=26 May 2012 |publisher=[[Tehelka]] Magazine, Vol 9, Issue 21 |access-date=22 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014192518/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=hub260512BILL.asp |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; she plans to stay on in the city.&lt;ref name=outlook12&gt;{{cite web|title=Domestic helps: The Word is Respect: Baby Halder, the help-turned-author, at home |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?280560 |date=23 April 2012 |work=Outlook |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416194841/http://outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?280560 |archive-date=16 April 2012 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * ''[[Aalo Aandhari (A Life Less Ordinary)|Aalo Aandhari]]'' (Bengali, Darkness and Light), 2002.<br /> * ''Eshat Roopantar'' (Bengali).<br /> * ''A Life Less Ordinary'' (Translation of ''Aalo Aandhari''), tr. by [[Urvashi Butalia]]. [[Zubaan]], 2006. {{ISBN|818901367X}}.<br /> * 'GHARE FHERAR PATH' (An Autobiographical Narrative in Bengali) June 2014<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/books/02maid.html?ex=1312171200&amp;en=1a7c9bd627f14187&amp;ei=5088&amp;partner=rssnyt&amp;emc=rss In India, a Maid Becomes An Unlikely Literary Star.] ''The New York Times'', 2 August 2006<br /> * [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fline/fl2502/stories/20080201506307900.htm Woman’s story] [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], Jan/Feb 2008<br /> &lt;!-- * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060809013232/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/05/15/stories/2006051500650100.htm A life less ordinary.]}} ''[[The Hindu]]'' online edition, 15 May 2006 dead link--&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Halder, Baby}}<br /> [[Category:Indian memoirists]]<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language writers]]<br /> [[Category:Maids]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gurgaon]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Indian domestic workers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century memoirists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women memoirists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women novelists]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anshul_Jubli&diff=486867 2026-04-10T21:37:43Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: adding first data with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian mixed martial arts fighter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox martial artist<br /> | name = Anshul Jubli<br /> | other_names = King of Lions<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1995|1|13}}<br /> | birth_place = Bhatwari, [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India<br /> | nationality = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | death_cause = <br /> | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}<br /> | weight = {{convert|156|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | weight_class = [[Lightweight (MMA)|Lightweight]]<br /> | reach = 69 in&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Stats {{!}} UFC |url=http://www.ufcstats.com/fighter-details/a72a2a769fa5a2be |website=www.ufcstats.com |access-date=14 February 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214140133/http://www.ufcstats.com/fighter-details/a72a2a769fa5a2be |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style =<br /> | fighting_out_of =[[New Delhi]], India <br /> | team = Soma Fight Club<br /> | wrestling = <br /> | stance = Orthodox<br /> | years_active = 2019–present<br /> | mma_kowin = 2<br /> | mma_subwin = 1<br /> | mma_decwin = 4<br /> | mma_koloss = 2<br /> | mma_subloss = <br /> | mma_decloss = <br /> | mma_draw = <br /> | mma_nc = <br /> | am_win =13 <br /> | am_kowin = <br /> | am_loss =0 <br /> | university = [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]]<br /> | url = <br /> | sherdog = 365299<br /> | medaltemplates = <br /> |trainer = {{ubl|Mike Ikilei (Striking)<br /> |Youssef Webhe (MMA)<br /> |Siddharth Singh (Grappling)<br /> &lt;ref name=A&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 Feb 2023 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-meet-anshul-jubli-bsf-officer-s-son-from-uttarakhand-village-who-is-now-global-mma-star-bagged-ufc-contract-3021630/amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj_9sfAgKz9AhW-2nMBHeKqC1sQFnoECCoQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3j96vongNZrWe7Ko4aV4kF |url-status=live |access-date=6 Feb 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206235137/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-meet-anshul-jubli-bsf-officer-s-son-from-uttarakhand-village-who-is-now-global-mma-star-bagged-ufc-contract-3021630 |archive-date=6 Feb 2023 |title=Meet Anshul Jubli, BSF officer's son from Uttarakhand village who is now global MMA star; bagged UFC contract |publisher=[[DNA India]] |language=en-IN }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=B&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |last=Sengupta |first=Rudraneil |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-secures-contract-with-ufc-wipes-out-debt-and-ends-financial-struggle-101681459773144.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414081540/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-secures-contract-with-ufc-wipes-out-debt-and-ends-financial-struggle-101681459773144.html |archive-date=14 April 2023 |title='I believe warrior blood runs through me,' MMA fighter Anshul Jubli tells Wknd |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-IN }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}<br /> <br /> '''Anshul Jubli''' (born 13 January 1995) is an Indian professional [[Mixed martial arts|mixed martial artist]] who currently competes in the [[Lightweight (MMA)|Lightweight]] division of the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC). Jubli became the second Indian citizen to get a UFC contract, after Bharat Khandare.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Anshul Jubli UFC Profile|date=28 April 2022 |url=http://www.ufc.com/athlete/anshul-jubli|access-date=9 February 2023|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209205028/https://www.ufc.com/athlete/anshul-jubli|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> Jubli is a native of a village called Bhatwari, in the [[Uttarkashi district]] of [[Garhwal division]], in the north [[Indian state]] of [[Uttarakhand]].&lt;ref name=A /&gt;&lt;ref name=B /&gt; His roots are from [[Jubbal]] in [[Shimla district]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], that's why his ancestors adopted the surname Jubli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Rudraneil |date=29 December 2024 |title='I believe warrior blood runs through me,' MMA fighter Anshul Jubli tells Wknd |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-secures-contract-with-ufc-wipes-out-debt-and-ends-financial-struggle-101681459773144.html&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj6yeipzsyKAxXo1TQHHVA0PFcQFnoECBoQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2H8_6W6ZkE8saYUPuSilJG |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-secures-contract-with-ufc-wipes-out-debt-and-ends-financial-struggle-101681459773144.html&amp;ved |archive-date=29 December 2024 |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; His father was employed in the [[Border Security Force]], and due to his father's transfers, he spent his childhood in various states of India. His family eventually settled down in [[Dehradun]]. To get a job in the [[Indian Army]], he began preparing for [[Combined Defence Services Examination|Combined Defense Service]] and the [[Services Selection Board]] examinations. In 2015, Jubli started watching MMA upon his friend's recommendation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anshul Jubli : अंशुल जुबलीने इतिहास रचला; UFC स्पर्धा जिंकत करार खिशात टाकणारा ठरला पहिला भारतीय {{!}} MMA fighter |url=https://www.esakal.com/krida/mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-create-history-became-first-indian-citizen-to-earn-a-victory-at-a-ufc-event-aas86 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=9 February 2023 |language=mr-IN |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213065736/https://www.esakal.com/krida/mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-create-history-became-first-indian-citizen-to-earn-a-victory-at-a-ufc-event-aas86 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He received a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]] and worked as a school teacher before turning to mixed martial arts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Renjith Ravindran |date=11 December 2020 |title=Anshul Jubli: Story of the Uttarkashi Boy that dreams to conquer the MMA World |url=https://lockerroom.in/blog/view/Story-of-Anshul-Jubli |website=lockerroom.in |access-date=9 February 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209200138/https://lockerroom.in/blog/view/Story-of-Anshul-Jubli |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BSF Officer's son, Anshul Jubli, is 1st Indian to win Road to UFC Final - Know all About him |url=https://zeenews.india.com/web-stories/other-sports/bsf-officers-son-anshul-jubli-is-1st-indian-to-win-road-to-ufc-final-know-all-about-him-2570982 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Zee News |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212174841/https://zeenews.india.com/web-stories/other-sports/bsf-officers-son-anshul-jubli-is-1st-indian-to-win-road-to-ufc-final-know-all-about-him-2570982 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Upon watching videos of [[Firas Zahabi]], a [[Lebanese Canadians|Lebanese-Canadian]] MMA teacher as well as [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] and MMA instructor [[John Danaher (martial artist)|John Danaher]], Jubli and his friend mimicked moves to learn. His hometown at the time had no training or coaching facilities, Jubli thereby joined ''Crosstrain Fight Club'' in [[Delhi]], an MMA club under Siddharth Singh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Anshul Jubli, BSF officer's son from Uttarakhand village who is now global MMA star; bagged UFC contract |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-meet-anshul-jubli-bsf-officer-s-son-from-uttarakhand-village-who-is-now-global-mma-star-bagged-ufc-contract-3021630 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212182909/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-meet-anshul-jubli-bsf-officer-s-son-from-uttarakhand-village-who-is-now-global-mma-star-bagged-ufc-contract-3021630 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Mixed martial arts career==<br /> In 2019, he debuted in professional MMA at [[Matrix Fight Night]] (MFN), an MMA promotion founded by Bollywood actor [[Tiger Shroff]]. In his first fight on 29 June 2019, he won against Sanjeet Budhwar by decision at [[Mumbai]]. On 20 December he defeated Amit Raj Kumar by judges decision. On 28 February 2020, he won against Rajith Chandran by TKO in 4:44 of round one at [[Dubai]], in same year on 15 December he defeated Srikant Shekhar by decision after 3 round fight at Dubai and at 24 September defeated Mohammad Mahmoudian in round 1. He learnt boxing at Tokas Boxing Club under [[Rohit Tokas]], an amateur boxer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anshul Jubli Stats, News, Bio &amp; More |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/anshul-jubli |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=sportskeeda.com |language=en-us |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075905/https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/anshul-jubli |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anshul Jubli UFC: क्या है UFC? जिसमें भारत के अंशुल जुबली ने रच दिया इतिहास|date=26 October 2022 |language=hi |url=https://www.aajtak.in/sports/news/story/road-to-ufc-what-is-mixed-martial-arts-indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-makes-history-tspo-1562785-2022-10-26|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=13 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213070804/https://www.aajtak.in/sports/news/story/road-to-ufc-what-is-mixed-martial-arts-indian-mma-fighter-anshul-jubli-makes-history-tspo-1562785-2022-10-26|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Road to UFC ===<br /> In 2022, he entered the [[Road to UFC Season 1|Road to UFC Lightweight Tournament]] and advanced to the semifinals after his opponent Patrick Sho Usami missed weight and was pulled from the tournament.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the semi-finals, Jubli defeated South Korean Kyung Pyo Kim via split decision. He then faced [[Jeka Saragih]] of Indonesia in the finals at [[UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. Spivac]]. Jubli won the fight via TKO in the second round. This match earned him the [[List of UFC bonus award recipients|''Performance of the Night'']] and a contract with the UFC, becoming only the second fighter from India to be signed by the organization.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=UFC Vegas 68: India's Anshul Jubli Stops Jeka Saragih, Claims Road to UFC Lightweight Crown|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/02/05/ufc-vegas-68-jeka-saragih-vs-anshul-jubli/|author=Shawn Bitter|website=cagesidepress.com|date=5 February 2023|access-date=9 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207091928/https://cagesidepress.com/2023/02/05/ufc-vegas-68-jeka-saragih-vs-anshul-jubli/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UFN218&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-218-bonuses-serghei-spivac-50000-knockouts-submissions|title=UFC Fight Night 218 bonuses: Serghei Spivac's domination worthy of an extra $50,000|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|date=2023-02-05|access-date=2023-02-05|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207130847/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-218-bonuses-serghei-spivac-50000-knockouts-submissions|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/history-created-delhi-boy-anshul-jubli-becomes-1st-indian-to-win-road-to-ufc-final-bags-ufc-contract-558910/amp |title=HISTORY CREATED! Delhi boy Anshul Jubli becomes 1st Indian to win Road to UFC final, bags UFC contract - Sports News |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212170022/https://www.wionews.com/sports/history-created-delhi-boy-anshul-jubli-becomes-1st-indian-to-win-road-to-ufc-final-bags-ufc-contract-558910/amp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Ultimate Fighting Championship ===<br /> Jubli faced Mike Breeden on 21 October 2023, at [[UFC 294]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-12 |title=Anshul Jubli booked for UFC 294 |url=https://asianmma.com/anshul-jubli-booked-for-ufc-294/ |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Asian MMA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the weigh-ins, Breeden weighed in at 159.5 pounds, three and a half pounds over the lightweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight with Breeden being fined 30% of his purse, which went to Jubli.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2023/10/ufc-294-abu-dhabi-islam-makhachev-vs-alexander-volkanovski-chimaev-usman-weigh-in-results-live-video-stream|title=UFC 294 weigh-in results: Two fighters miss their marks in Abu Dhabi|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Staff|date=2023-10-20|access-date=2023-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jubli lost the fight via knockout in round three.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dewar |first=Val |date=2023-10-21 |title=UFC 294: Mike Breeden Barks, Secures Come-From-Behind Stoppage Against Anshul Jubli |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/10/21/ufc-294-mike-breeden-anshul-jubli/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jubli was scheduled to face Maheshate Hayisaer on 27 April 2024, at [[UFC on ESPN 55]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=ITN News |date=2024-01-20 |title=Anshul Jubli Next Fight Reported vs Maheshate Hayisaer for UFC April 27 |url=https://www.itnwwe.com/mma/anshul-jubli-next-fight-reported-vs-maheshate-hayisaer-for-ufc-april-27/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.itnwwe.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Jubli pulled out for unknown reasons and was replaced by [[Gabriel Benítez]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Benitez&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=Maheshate faces Gabriel Benitez at UFC Fight Night 243 |url=https://asianmma.com/maheshate-faces-gabriel-benitez-at-ufc-fight-night-243/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Asian MMA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jubli faced [[Quillan Salkilld]] on 9 February 2025, at [[UFC 312]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-11 |title=First three bouts announced for UFC 312 in Australia |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/11/ufc-312-first-three-bouts-announced |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He lost the fight by technical knockout 19 seconds into the first round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/02/08/ufc-312-quillan-salkilld-starches-anshul-jubli-in-debut//|title=UFC 312: Quillan Salkilld Starches Anshul Jubli in Debut|publisher=cagesidepress.com|author=Shawn Bitter|date=2025-02-08|access-date=2025-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Championships and accomplishments ==<br /> === Professional MMA ===<br /> *'''[[Ultimate Fighting Championship]]'''<br /> **[[List of UFC bonus award recipients|Performance of the Night]] (One time) {{small|vs. [[Jeka Saragih]]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;UFN218&quot;/&gt;<br /> **[[Road to UFC Season 1#Lightweight tournament bracket|Road to UFC Season 1 Lightweight Tournament]] Winner<br /> <br /> === Amateur MMA ===<br /> *'''BodyPower India Open MMA Tournament'''<br /> ** BodyPower Light Heavyweight Tournament Winner (2016)<br /> <br /> ==Mixed martial arts record==<br /> ===Professional===<br /> {{MMArecordbox<br /> |ko-wins=2<br /> |ko-losses=2<br /> |sub-wins=1<br /> |sub-losses=<br /> |dec-wins=4<br /> |dec-losses=<br /> |nc=<br /> }}<br /> {{MMA record start}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{no2}}Loss<br /> |align=center|7–2<br /> |[[Quillan Salkilld]]<br /> |TKO (punch)<br /> |[[UFC 312]] <br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2025|February|9}} <br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|0:19<br /> |[[Sydney]], Australia<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{no2}}Loss<br /> |align=center|7–1<br /> |Mike Breeden<br /> |KO (punches)<br /> |[[UFC 294]]<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|October|21}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|3:00<br /> |[[Abu Dhabi]], United Arab Emirates <br /> |{{small|Catchweight (159.5 lb) bout; Breeden missed weight.}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|7–0<br /> |[[Jeka Saragih]]<br /> |TKO (punches and elbows)<br /> |[[UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. Spivac]]<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|February|4}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|3:44 <br /> |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States<br /> |{{small|Won the [[Road to UFC Season 1#Lightweight tournament bracket|Road to UFC Season 1 Lightweight Tournament]]. Performance of the Night.}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|6–0<br /> |Kim Kyung-pyo<br /> |Decision (split)<br /> |[[Road to UFC Season 1#Episode 6|Road to UFC Season 1: Episode 6]]<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2022|October|23}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|5:00<br /> |[[Abu Dhabi]], United Arab Emirates<br /> |{{small|[[Road to UFC Season 1#Lightweight tournament bracket|Road to UFC Season 1 Lightweight Tournament]] semifinal.}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|5–0<br /> |Mohammad Mahmoudian<br /> |Submission (arm-triangle-choke)<br /> |Matrix Fight Night 6<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|September|24}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|2:17<br /> |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|4–0<br /> |Srikant Sekhar<br /> |Decision (unanimous)<br /> |Matrix Fight Night 5<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2020|December|15}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|5:00<br /> |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|3–0<br /> |Rajith Chandran<br /> |TKO (punches)<br /> |Matrix Fight Night 4<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2020|February|28}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|4:44<br /> |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|2–0<br /> |Amit Raj Kumar<br /> |Decision (unanimous)<br /> |Matrix Fight Night 3<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|December|20}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|5:00<br /> |[[Mumbai]], India<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{yes2}}Win<br /> |align=center|1–0<br /> |Sanjeet Budhwar<br /> |Decision (unanimous)<br /> |Matrix Fight Night 2<br /> |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|June|29}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|5:00<br /> |[[New Delhi]], India<br /> |{{small|Lightweight debut.}}<br /> |}<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Anshul Jubli |url=https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Anshul-Jubli-365299 |website=Sherdog |access-date=14 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214140132/https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Anshul-Jubli-365299 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of current UFC fighters]]<br /> * [[List of male mixed martial artists]] <br /> * [[Sport in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Sherdog|365299}}<br /> * {{UFC|anshul-jubli}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Sport}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jubli, Anshul}}<br /> [[Category:1995 births]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Dehradun]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male mixed martial artists]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Mixed martial artists from Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:People from Uttarkashi district]]<br /> [[Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters]]<br /> [[Category:Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University alumni]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Hamid&diff=549193 2026-04-06T18:56:04Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: made new entry!</p> <hr /> <div>'''ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd''' ([[ALA-LC romanization]] of {{langx|ar|عبد الحميد}}; {{langx|fa|عبدالحمید|Abdolhamid}}; {{langx|tr|Abdülhamit}}), also spelled as '''Abdulhamid''', '''Abdelhamid''', '''Abd-ul Hamid''', and '''Abd ol-Hamid''', is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, surname. It is a [[List of Arabic theophoric names|Muslim theophoric name]] built from the Arabic words ''[[Abd (Arabic)|ʻabd]]'' ('servant') and ''al-Ḥamīd'' (one of the [[names of God in the Qur'an]]),&lt;ref name=ahmed&gt;{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author=Salahuddin Ahmed| publisher = Hurst &amp; Company| location=London| year=1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rahman&gt; {{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author= S. A. Rahman| publisher=Goodword Books| location=New Delhi| year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; and thus means 'servant of the All-laudable'.<br /> <br /> It may refer to:<br /> <br /> ==Given name==<br /> {{Incomplete list |date=March 2024}}<br /> *[[Abd al-Hamid al-Katib]] (died 749), Umayyad official and Islamic scholar<br /> *[['Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk]] (fl. 830), Turkish Muslim mathematician<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Lahori]] (died 1654), Indian traveller and court historian of Shah Jahan<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Baba]] (died c.1732), Pashtun poet<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid I]] (1725–1789), sultan of the Ottoman Empire<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid (surveyor)]] (died ?1864), surveyor in Central Asia<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid II]] (1842–1918), sultan of the Ottoman Empire<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah]] (1864–1943), Sultan of Kedah<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Madarshahi]] (1869–1920), Bengali Islamic scholar and author<br /> *[[Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]] (1880–1976), political leader in Pakistan and Bangladesh<br /> *[[Abdulhamid Bey Gaytabashi]] (1884–1920), Chief of General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid (politician, born 1886)]] (1886–1963), former Education Minister of Assam<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Ben Badis]] (1889–1940), Algerian Muslim scholar<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Karami]] (1890–1950), Lebanese politician<br /> *[[Khwaja Abdul Hamied]] (1898–1972), Indian chemist and businessman<br /> *[[‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari]] (1902–1972), Iranian Bahá'í scholar<br /> *[[Sufi Abdul Hamid]] (1903–1938), African-American religious and labor leader<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Abdou]] (1905–1972), Egyptian footballer<br /> *[[Syarif Hamid II of Pontianak|Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie]] (1913–1978), Sultan of Pontianak, Indonesia<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)]] (1917–1984), Pakistani soldier<br /> *Abdelhamid I. Sabra (1924–2013), known as [[A. I. Sabra]], Egyptian-American historian of science<br /> *[[Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj]] (1925–2013), Syrian soldier and politician<br /> *[[Fouad Abdulhameed Alkhateeb]] (1925–1995), Saudi Arabian diplomat and businessman<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Mehri]] (1926–2012), Algerian politician<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Bouchouk]] (1927–2004), Algerian footballer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid (field hockey)]] (1927–2019), Gold medallist for Pakistan in 1960 Olympics<br /> *[[Abdul Hameed (writer)]] (1928–2011), Pakistani Urdu writer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Omar]] (1929–2009), Malaysian judge<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Kermali]] (1931–2013), Algerian footballer and football manager<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid (soldier)]] (1933–1965), Indian soldier and recipient of the Param Vir Chakra<br /> *[[Abd al-Hamid Kishk]] (1933–1996), Egyptian preacher, scholar of Islam and author<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush]] (1933–2007), Libyan politician<br /> *Omar Abdul Hamid Karami (1934–2015), known as [[Omar Karami]], Lebanese politician<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Brahimi]] (1936–2021), Prime Minister of Algeria<br /> *[[Mohsen Abdel Hamid]] (born 1937), Iraqi politician<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Temmar]] (born 1938), Algerian politician<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Sharaf]] (1939–1980), Prime Minister of Jordan<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Slama]] (1941–2025), Tunisian politician<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid II (field hockey)]] (born 1942), Silver medallist for Pakistan in 1964 Olympics<br /> *[[Abdul Hameed Dogar]] (born 1944), Pakistani judge<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Pawanteh]] (1944–2022), Malaysian politician<br /> *[[Abdul Hameed Nayyar]] (born 1945), Pakistani physicist<br /> *[[Molavi Abdul Hamid]] (born ca. 1946/1947), Iranian cleric<br /> *[[Abdolhamid Fathi]] (born 1948), Iranian fencer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid (voice actor)]] (1948–2022), Indonesian voice actor and puppeteer<br /> * [[Abdul Hamid (Indian politician)]] (born 1950), Indian politician<br /> *[[Wagdy Abd el-Hamied Mohamed Ghoneim]] (born {{circa|1952}}), Egyptian Islamic preacher and writer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)|Abdul Hamid Khan (politician)]] (born 1953), Pakistani politician<br /> *[[Abdellatif Abdelhamid]] (born 1954), Syrian film director<br /> *[[Gamal Abdelhamid]] (born 1957), Egyptian footballer (Zamalek)<br /> *Abid Al-Hamid Mahmud al-Tikriti, or [[Abid Hamid Mahmud]] (1957–2012), Iraqi military officer<br /> *Abdelhamid Halim Ben-Mabrouk (born 1960), known as [[Halim Benmabrouk]], French-Algerian footballer<br /> *Mohamed Fouad Abd El Hamid Hassan (born 1961), known as [[Mohammad Fouad]], Egyptian singer<br /> *[[Abdel Hamid al-Ghazzawi]] (born 1962), Libyan Guantanamo detainee<br /> *[[Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid]] (born 1962), Malaysian politician<br /> *[[Ammar Abdulhamid]] (born 1966), Syrian political activist<br /> *Yushau Abdulhameed Shuaib or [[Yushau Shuaib]] (born 1969), Nigerian writer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Bassiouny]] (born 1971), Egyptian footballer (Haras el Hodood)<br /> *[[Wazi Abdul Hamid]] (born 1971), Malaysian motorcyclist<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Hassan]] (born 1972), Egyptian footballer<br /> *[[Tamer Abdel Hamid]] (born 1975), Egyptian footballer (Zamalek)<br /> *[[Abdolhamid Rigi]] (ca. 1979–2010), Iranian executed for terrorist offences<br /> *[[Amir Abdelhamid]] (born 1979), Egyptian footballer (El-Ahly)<br /> *Ahmed Hossam Hussein Abdelhamid (born 1983), known as [[Mido (footballer)|Mido]], Egyptian footballer<br /> *[[Abdel Hamid Ahmed]] (born 1984), Egyptian footballer (El-Ahly)<br /> *[[Abdelhameed Amarri]] (born 1984), Sudanese footballer<br /> *[[Abdul Hameid Shabana]] (born 1985), Egyptian footballer<br /> *[[Abdul Hadi Abdul Hamid]] (born 1987), Malaysian footballer<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]] (1987–2015), terrorist involved in the November 2015 Paris attacks<br /> *[[Abdülhamit Yıldız]] (born 1987), Turkish footballer<br /> *[[Mustafa Abdul-Hamid]] (born 1988), American basketball player<br /> *[[Abdelhamid Abuhabib]] (born 1989), Palestinian Footballer<br /> *[[Abdelhamid El Kaoutari]] (born 1990), French footballer of Moroccan descent<br /> *Abdul Hamid (born 1990), known as [[Bill Hamid]], American soccer player<br /> *[[Abdulrahim Abdulhameed]] (born 1990), Bahraini Taekwondo practitioner<br /> *[[Mohd Zabri Abdul Hamid]] (1937–1975), Malaysian policeman<br /> *[[Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid]], Chief Minister of Kapurthala Princely State in India under the British Raj<br /> *Abdul Hamid Ali Hassan, Bahraini diplomat<br /> *Abdol-Hamid Heyrat Sajjadi, Iranian writer<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Adiamoh]], Nigerian journalist<br /> *[[Ja'far 'Abd Al-Hamid]], Iraqi-British film-maker<br /> * [[Abdul Hamid (Pakistani politician)]], Pakistani politician<br /> * [[Abdul Hameed (Pakistani politician)]], Pakistani politician<br /> * [[Abdul Hamid Khorasani]], Afghan military commander<br /> * [[Muhammad Abdul Hamid (disambiguation)]], multiple people<br /> ==Family or father name==<br /> *[[Dina bint 'Abdu'l-Hamid]] (1929–2019), Egyptian, first wife of King Hussein of Jordan<br /> *[[Ammar Abdulhamid]] (born 1966), Syrian writer<br /> *[[Asmaa Abdol-Hamid]] (born 1981), Danish social worker and politician<br /> *Marwan Abdelhamid (born 2000), known as [[Saint Levant]], Palestinian singer-songwriter and rapper<br /> *[[Rana Abdelhamid]] (born 1993), Egyptian-American self-defense advocate <br /> *Sara Abdel-Hamid (born 1989), known as [[Ikonika]], British electronic musician, producer and DJ<br /> *[[Yunis Abdelhamid]] (born 1987), French footballer<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid]], school in Malaysia<br /> *[[Abdul Hamid Sharaf School]], school in Jordan<br /> *[[Masjid Abdul Hamid]], mosque in Singapore<br /> *[[Ottoman submarine Abdül Hamid|Ottoman submarine ''Abdül Hamid'']], constructed 1886<br /> * ''[[Abdul the Damned]]'', also known as ''Abdul Hamid'', 1935 British film<br /> * [[Abdul Hamid Khan (disambiguation)]]<br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{given name|type=both}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Iranian masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Turkish masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Masculine given names]]<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Abd al-Hamid}}<br /> <br /> [[ca:Abd-al-Hamid]]<br /> [[it:'Abd al-Hamid#Persone]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adwaita&diff=469023 2026-03-27T08:34:17Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: updated section and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Aldabra giant tortoise (c. 1750 – 2006)}}<br /> {{about|a tortoise|the philosophy and religious practice|Advaita Vedanta|the design language used in the GNOME desktop environment|Adwaita (design language)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox animal<br /> | name = Adwaita<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | species = [[Aldabra giant tortoise]]<br /> | gender = Male<br /> | hatch_date = {{Circa}} 1750–1826<br /> | hatch_place = [[Aldabra]] Atoll<br /> | death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|2006|3|22}} Aged 180–255<br /> | death_place = [[Alipore Zoological Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India<br /> | weight = 250 kg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Adwaita''' (from {{Lang|sa|अद्वैत}}, meaning &quot;one and only&quot; in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]) ({{circa|1750}} – 22 March 2006), also spelled '''Adwaitya'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Calcutta's oldest resident dies |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta-s-oldest-resident-dies/cid/816177 |access-date=25 November 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=22 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=World Briefing {{!}} Asia: India: Tortoise That Saw The Rise And The Fall Of The British Empire Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/24/world/world-briefing-asia-india-tortoise-that-saw-the-rise-and-the-fall-of.html |access-date=25 November 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Reuters |date=24 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; or '''Addwaita''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Addwaita, a tortoise of great renown |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/addwaita-a-tortoise-of-great-renown/ |access-date=25 November 2024 |work=[[The Namibian]] |date=3 April 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; was a male [[Aldabra giant tortoise]] that lived in the [[Alipore Zoological Gardens]] of [[Kolkata]], India. At the time of his death in 2006, Adwaita was believed to be amongst the [[List of longest-living organisms|longest-living animals]] in the world.<br /> <br /> The animal is claimed to have been one of four tortoises that lived at [[Robert Clive]]'s estate at [[Barrackpore]], in the northern suburbs of Calcutta.&lt;ref name=BBC4837988&gt;{{cite news|title='Clive of India's' tortoise dies|newspaper=BBC News|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|date=23 March 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4837988.stm|access-date=23 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clive was said to have received the tortoises following his victory at the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lal2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lal|first=Vinay|date=April 2006|title=Clive and his Pet Tortoise|url=http://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/british-india/clive-pet-tortoise/|access-date=16 June 2020|website=MANAS, UCLA Social Sciences|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; although this story is unsubstantiated.<br /> <br /> Adwaita was transferred to the [[Zoological Garden, Alipore|Alipore Zoo]] in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] in 1875 or 1876 by [[Carl Louis Schwendler]], the founder of the zoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;PASB1876&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Zoological Garden|journal=Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|pages=23–24|date=February 1876|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofasi1876asia#page/n35/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adwaita lived in his enclosure in the zoo until his death on 22 March 2006 at an estimated age of 255.<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> Weighing 250&amp;nbsp;kg (551&amp;nbsp;lb), Adwaita was a solitary animal with no records of his progeny. He lived on a diet of wheat [[bran]], carrots, lettuce, soaked gram ([[chickpea]]), bread, grass and salt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lal2006&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Age==<br /> His shell cracked in late 2005, and a wound developed in the flesh underneath the crack. The wound became infected and eventually led to his death from liver failure on 22 March 2006. Adwaita is claimed to have been 255 years old at the time of his death, although this claim is unsubstantiated.&lt;ref name=BBC4837988/&gt; If Adwaita's claimed age were true, he would be the oldest known tortoise, outliving [[Harriet (tortoise)|Harriet]] by 80 years, [[Tu'i Malila]] by 67 years, and making him 63 years older than the current record holder [[Jonathan (tortoise)|Jonathan]].{{cn|date=December 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cite web |title=Kolkata toasts 255-year-old resident |url=http://headlines.sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13735319&amp;headline=Kolkata~toasts~255-year-old~resident |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=12 January 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427025103/http://headlines.sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13735319&amp;headline=Kolkata~toasts~255-year-old~resident |archive-date=27 April 2006}}<br /> *{{Cite news |title=Worlds Oldest Animals |publication-date= 29 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJjrtn7bf4o?id=13735319 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/lJjrtn7bf4o |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}<br /> <br /> {{Named turtles}}<br /> {{Kolkata topics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Adwaita}}<br /> [[Category:1750 animal births]]<br /> [[Category:2006 animal deaths]]<br /> [[Category:History of Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Individual tortoises]]<br /> [[Category:Individual animals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from liver failure]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Visakhapatnam_Fishing_Harbour_fire&diff=483103 2026-03-26T12:32:19Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: adding a page basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Fire in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox event<br /> | date = {{start and end dates|df=y|2023|11|19|2023|11|20}}<br /> | venue = <br /> | location = [[Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|17.695804|N|83.302501|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | type = [[Harbour Fire]]<br /> | cause = Unknown<br /> | injuries = None<br /> | property damage = Loss of Rs. 30 - 35 Crores (USD 3.6-4.2 Million)<br /> | deaths = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> On 19 November 2023, at around 23:00 [[UTC+05:30|IST]], a fire erupted at the [[Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour]], leading to the complete destruction of 43 fishing boats, while an additional 15 boats damaged partially. Source from which fire triggered is unknown and was under police enquiry.<br /> <br /> Reports suggest that a fire at the Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour resulted in an estimated loss of Rs. 30-35 Crores (US$3.6-4.2 Million). Local Boy Nani, a well-known YouTuber and fisherman, was initially arrested in connection with the incident. However, he was released after a preliminary inquiry, with police stating that CCTV footage did not support the suspicion against him.<br /> <br /> Police announced on 26 November 2023, their determination of the fire's cause, attributing it to locals Vasupalli Nani and Satyam, who, allegedly intoxicated, casually threw a cigarette into a boat, leading to a fire. Local fisherwomen protested the arrest, disputing the police version.<br /> <br /> The government awarded ₹7.11 [[crore]] for property damages, including 49 boats, and provided ₹10,000 to 400 workers dependent on the affected boats.<br /> <br /> == Incident ==<br /> A fire broke out at the Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour sometime after 23:00 IST on 19 November 2023. The fire rapidly spread to tens of boats, causing some to emit smoke and flames as fuel sources, such as LPG cylinders and fuel tanks, ignited. The [[Visakhapatnam fire department|fire department]] made their efforts to get the fire under control for over four hours and finally fire was brought under control by 4:30 am IST on 20 November.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-11-20 |title=At least 25 mechanised fishing boats reduced to ashes in major fire at Vizag Fishing Harbour |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/at-least-25-mechanised-fishing-boats-reduce-to-ashes-in-major-fire-at-vizag-fishing-harbour/article67553266.ece |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Several boats with fresh livestock were burned, along with the fish within them. Police initially estimated loss of around 25 fishing boats but later authorities found that 43 fishing boats were completely destroyed and 15 boats were partially damaged. This accident did not result in any loss of life.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=విశాఖ హార్బర్ అగ్నిప్రమాదం: యూట్యూబర్ 'లోకల్ బాయ్ నాని' వల్లే 43 బోట్లు తగులబడ్డాయా? |url=https://www.bbc.com/telugu/articles/cy92dxwjjzgo |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=BBC News Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Aftermath ==<br /> Harbour fishing market which operates on fishing activities of the Harbour got shut during next day as most of the livestock fished was burned during the accident. Authorities primarily estimated a loss of Rs. 30 - 35 Crores (US$3.6-4.2 Million) due to the accident. A local fisherman turned popular YouTuber, [[Local Boy Nani]], was initially arrested under suspicion that the fire broke out due to a dispute within a group of friends who were allegedly partying at the harbor. Nani filmed the accident live and shared it on [[YouTube]] in which he said that the source of fire is unknown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nani was released after a preliminary inquiry, and news reports indicated that the police stated the CCTV footage did not support the suspicion against Nani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=2023-11-20 |title=AP NEWS: యూట్యూబర్ లోకల్ బాయ్ నాని హార్బర్ ప్రమాదానికి కారణo కాదని పోలీసుల నిర్ధారణ |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2023/andhra-pradesh/visakhapatnam/youtuber-local-boy-nani-harbor-not-responsible-for-accident-police-confirms-1169315.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Andhrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2023-11-20 |title=Local Boy Nani: యూట్యూబర్ లోకల్ బాయ్ నాని నిర్దోషి.. తేల్చేసిన పోలీసులు.. ? |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/andhra-pradesh-news/visakha-youtuber-local-boy-nani-is-not-the-cause-of-the-boat-fire-incident-in-harbour-488088.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] has established a special committee to investigate the recent fire accident. Comprising officials from the revenue, fire services, fisheries, and police departments, this committee is focused on examining the circumstances surrounding the incident. In addition to the committee, the government has formed a dedicated team consisting of personnel from the Crime, Task Force, and Central Crime Station (CCS) wings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=V. Kamalakara |date=2023-11-21 |title=Committee to probe into fire mishap at Vizag fishing harbour |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/committee-to-probe-into-fire-mishap-at-vizag-fishing-harbour/article67555249.ece |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Police announced that they could determine the cause of the fire and identify the culprits behind the accident on 26 November 2023. According to their account, two locals named Vasupalli Nani and Satyam, working as a cook and a watchman on fishing boats, who were heavily intoxicated, casually threw a cigarette into a boat. This action resulted in the accident as the fishing nets in the boat caught fire, leading to the fire accident. Some local fisherwomen protested against this arrest accusing police of framing case against innocent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-25 |title='ఒక్క సిగరెట్ ముక్క 48 బోట్లను తగులబెట్టింది'...విశాఖ హార్బర్ ప్రమాదం కేసును ఛేదించామన్న పోలీసులు |url=https://www.bbc.com/telugu/articles/c0x2expvd7zo |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=BBC News తెలుగు |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The state government declared a compensation of ₹7.11 crore for property damages, including 49 boats, to affected families. Additionally, ₹10,000 was provided to each of the 400 workers dependent on the damaged boats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-fishing-harbour-fire-victims-get-compensation-of-711-crore/article67565792.ece|title=Vizag fishing harbour fire victims get compensation of ₹7.11 crore|last=Rao|first=V. Kamalakara|date=2023-11-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2023-11-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Andhra Pradesh news: Fire breaks out at Visakhapatnam fishing harbour, 40 boats charred {{!}} Video |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/andhra-pradesh-news-fire-breaks-out-at-visakhapatnam-fishing-harbour-40-boats-charred-video-11700445542587.html |work=Livemint.com | date=20 November 2023 | accessdate=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Disasters in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:2023 fires in Asia|Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour]]<br /> [[Category:Visakhapatnam]]<br /> [[Category:November 2023 in India]]<br /> [[Category:2023 disasters in India|Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=England_cricket_team&diff=464202 2026-03-26T10:02:28Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: enhance structure additionally per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Men's national cricket team}}<br /> {{about|the men's team|the women's team|England women's cricket team}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket team<br /> | name = England<br /> | image = [[File:England cricket team logo.svg|125px|class=skin-invert]]<br /> | caption = <br /> | association = [[England and Wales Cricket Board]]<br /> | test_captain = [[Ben Stokes]]<br /> | od_captain = [[Harry Brook]]<br /> | t20i_captain = Harry Brook<br /> | coach = [[Brendon McCullum]]<br /> <br /> | test_status_year = 1877<br /> <br /> | icc_status = Full Membership <br /> | icc_member_year = 1909<br /> | icc_region = [[ICC Europe|Europe]]<br /> <br /> | test_rank = 3rd<br /> | odi_rank = 8th<br /> | t20i_rank = 2nd<br /> | test_rank_best = 1st &lt;small&gt;(1 June 1955)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/match_zone/test_ranking.php?year=1955|title=1955 Test Rankings|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320090951/http://www.icc-cricket.com/match_zone/test_ranking.php?year=1955#JUNE|archive-date=20 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | odi_rank_best = 1st &lt;small&gt;(1 January 1981)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/match_zone/odi_ranking.php?year=1981|title=1981 ODI Rankings|work=ICC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320093214/http://www.icc-cricket.com/match_zone/odi_ranking.php?year=1981|archive-date=20 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | t20i_rank_best = 1st &lt;small&gt;(24 October 2011)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/match_zone/team_ranking.php|title=Reliance ICC Rankings – ICC Team Rankings, ICC Test Rankings, ICC ODI Rankings |publisher=Icc-cricket.yahoo.net|date=24 October 2011|access-date=2 March 2025|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923151159/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/match_zone/team_ranking.php|archive-date=23 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> | first_test = v. {{cr|AUS}} at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]]; 15–19 March 1877 <br /> | most_recent_test = v. {{cr|AUS}} at [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]]; 4–8 January 2026<br /> | num_tests = 1,094<br /> | num_tests_this_year = 1<br /> | test_record = 404/334&lt;br /&gt;(356 draws)<br /> | test_record_this_year = 0/1&lt;br /&gt;(0 draws)<br /> <br /> | wtc_apps = 3<br /> | wtc_first = [[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2021]]<br /> | wtc_best = Fourth place ([[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2021]], [[2021-2023 ICC World Test Championship|2023]])<br /> <br /> | first_odi = v. {{cr|AUS}} at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]]; 5 January 1971<br /> | most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|SL}} at [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]]; 27 January 2026<br /> | num_odis = 823<br /> | num_odis_this_year = 3<br /> | odi_record = 409/374&lt;br /&gt;(9 ties, 31 no results)<br /> | odi_record_this_year = 2/1&lt;br /&gt;(0 ties, 0 no results)<br /> <br /> | wc_apps = 13<br /> | wc_first = [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]<br /> | wc_best = Champions ([[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]])<br /> <br /> | first_t20i = v. {{cr|AUS}} at the [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Ageas Bowl]], [[Southampton]]; 13 June 2005<br /> | most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]; 5 March 2026<br /> | num_t20is = 225<br /> | num_t20is_this_year = 11<br /> | t20i_record = 121/92&lt;br /&gt;(2 ties, 10 no results)<br /> | t20i_record_this_year = 9/2&lt;br /&gt;(0 ties, 0 no results)<br /> <br /> | wt20_apps = 10<br /> | wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]<br /> | wt20_best = Champions ([[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]], [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]])<br /> <br /> | h_pattern_la = <br /> | h_pattern_b = _whitecollar buttons<br /> | h_pattern_ra = <br /> | h_pattern_pants = <br /> | h_leftarm = FFFFF0<br /> | h_body = FFFFF0<br /> | h_rightarm = FFFFF0<br /> | h_pants = FFFFF0<br /> | a_pattern_la = _eng_odi25<br /> | a_pattern_b = _eng_odi25<br /> | a_pattern_ra = _eng_odi25<br /> | a_pattern_pants = <br /> | a_leftarm = 00137F<br /> | a_body = 00137F<br /> | a_rightarm = 00137F<br /> | a_pants = 001B39<br /> | t_pattern_la = <br /> | t_pattern_b = _eng_t20i25<br /> | t_pattern_ra = <br /> | t_pattern_pants = <br /> | t_leftarm = C90F14<br /> | t_body = C90F14<br /> | t_rightarm = C90F14<br /> | t_pants = 001B39<br /> <br /> | asofdate = 5 March 2026<br /> }}<br /> The '''England men's cricket team''' represents [[cricket in England|England]] and [[cricket in Wales|Wales]] in [[international cricket]]. Since 1997, it has been governed by the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] (ECB), having been previously governed by [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (the MCC) since 1903.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/about-us/about-the-ecb |title=About the ECB |publisher=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]] |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525164144/https://www.ecb.co.uk/about-us/about-the-ecb |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lords.org/history/mcc-history/|title=MCC History|publisher=[[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]]|access-date=7 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218202927/http://www.lords.org/history/mcc-history|archive-date=18 February 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; England and Wales, as founding nations, are a Full Member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) with [[Test cricket|Test]], [[One Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) status. Until the 1990s, [[Cricket in Scotland|Scottish]] and [[Cricket in Ireland|Irish]] players also played for England as those countries were not yet ICC members in their own right.<br /> <br /> England and [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] were the first teams to play a Test match (15–19 March 1877), and along with [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], these nations formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (the predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first ODI on 5 January 1971. England's first T20I was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.<br /> <br /> {{As of|2026|3|5}}, England have played 1,094 Test matches, winning 404 and losing 334 (with 356 draws).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Team records {{!}} Results summary |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html|access-date=2025-07-08|website=Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the Test series against Australia, England play for [[The Ashes]], one of the most famous trophies in all of sport, and they have won the urn on 32 occasions. England have also played 823 ODIs, winning 409.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Result summary |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224020144/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html |archive-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; They have appeared in the [[List of Cricket World Cup finals|final]] of the [[Cricket World Cup]] four times ([[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]], [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]), winning their first in [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]; they have also finished as runners-up in two [[ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophies]] ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]] and [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]). England have played 225 T20Is, winning 122.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283307.html |title=Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; They won the [[ICC T20 World Cup]] in [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]] and [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]], and were runners-up in [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]].<br /> <br /> {{As of|202|}}, England are ranked third in Tests, eighth in ODIs and second in T20Is by the ICC.&lt;ref name=&quot;ICC Rankings&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{Main|History of the England cricket team to 1939|History of the England cricket team from 1945}}<br /> <br /> [[File:All-England_Eleven.jpg|thumb|The All-England Eleven in 1846]]<br /> <br /> The first recorded incidence of a team with a claim to represent England comes from 9 July 1739 when an &quot;All-England&quot; team, which consisted of 11 gentlemen from any part of England exclusive of [[Kent county cricket team (pre-1843)|Kent]], played against &quot;the Unconquerable County&quot; of Kent and lost by a margin of &quot;very few notches&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Waghorn, pp.22–23.&lt;/ref&gt; Such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50373/50373-h/50373-h.htm|title=TOSSING FOR INNINGS. CRICKET EDITED BY HORACE G. HUTCHINSON}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1846 [[William Clarke (cricketer, born 1798)|William Clarke]] formed the [[William Clarke's All-England Eleven|All-England Eleven]]. This team eventually competed against a [[United All-England Eleven]] with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/all-england-eleven-787|title=All England Eleven Cricket Team}}&lt;/ref&gt; These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/cricket-sport|title=cricket ''Britannica.com''}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Early tours===<br /> [[File:England in North America 1859.jpg|left|thumb|The 1859 English team in North America]]<br /> <br /> The first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with [[English cricket team in North America in 1859|England touring North America]]. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by [[George Parr (cricketer)|George Parr]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dreamcricket.com/articles/history-of-american-cricket/150th-anniversary-of-the-first-english-cricket-tour-of-north-america/|title=150th anniversary of the first English cricket tour of North America|date=17 October 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2009/nov/11/cricket-tour-1859-north-america|title=One tour to start them all: how English cricketers blazed a trail 150 years ago|work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2009 |last1=Keating |first1=Frank }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]], attention turned elsewhere. [[English cricket team in Australia in 1861–62|English tourists visited Australia in 1861–62]] with this first tour organised as a commercial venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond, restaurateurs of [[Melbourne]]. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were &quot;against odds&quot;, with the opposing team fielding more than 11 players to make for a more even contest.&lt;ref name=&quot;content-uk.cricinfo.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=19 September 2006 |title=England v Australia 1864&amp;nbsp;– 1888 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-v-australia-1861-1888-259952 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106154837/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ausveng/content/story/259952.html |archive-date=6 January 2009 |access-date=5 February 2008 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; This first Australian tour was mostly against odds of at least 18/11.<br /> <br /> [[File:English cricket team 1861.jpg|right|thumb|The first England team to tour southern Australia in 1861–62]]<br /> <br /> The tour was so successful that Parr led a [[English cricket team in Australia in 1863–64|second tour in 1863–64]]. [[James Lillywhite]] led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&amp;O steamship ''Poonah'' on 21 September 1876. They played a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11-a-side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match. The combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with [[Charles Bannerman]] of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as ''James Lillywhite's XI v Combined Victoria and New South Wales''.&lt;ref name=&quot;content-uk.cricinfo.com&quot;/&gt; The teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter, 1877, when Lillywhite's team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious; this was the first time England fielded a fully representative team with [[W. G. Grace]] included in the team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154315.html|title=Australia in England 1880|publisher=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|access-date=5 February 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708035234/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154315.html|archive-date=8 July 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1880s===<br /> [[File:DeathofEnglishCricket.jpg|250px|thumb|The death notice printed on ''The Sporting Times'' newspaper which first named [[the Ashes]]]]<br /> <br /> England lost their first home series 1–0 in 1882, with ''[[The Sporting Times]]'' printing an obituary on English cricket:<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|&lt;div class{{=}}&quot;center&quot;&gt;In Affectionate Remembrance&lt;br/&gt;<br /> OF&lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;big&gt;''ENGLISH CRICKET'',&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> WHICH DIED AT THE OVAL&lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;small&gt;ON&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;big&gt;29th AUGUST, 1882,&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Deeply lamented by a large circle of sorrowing&lt;br/&gt;friends and acquaintances.&lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;big&gt;R. I. P.&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''N.B.—The body will be cremated and the''&lt;br/&gt;''ashes taken to Australia.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,23070-471469,00.html |title=The Ashes in The Times |work=The Times |date=6 November 2002 |access-date=5 February 2008 |location=London |first=Marcus |last=Williams |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210145936/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,23070-471469,00.html |archive-date=10 February 2008 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}<br /> <br /> As a result of this loss, the tour of [[1982–83 Ashes series|1882–83]] was dubbed by England captain [[Ivo Bligh]] as &quot;the quest to regain the ashes&quot;. England, with a mixture of amateurs and professionals, won the series 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketcrowd.com/displayvideo.html?ccvideo=2583&amp;ccdesc=The+Ashes+story%3A+How+it+all+began|title=The Ashes Story: How it all began}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisden&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154318.html|title=England in Australia, 1882–83|publisher=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|access-date=5 February 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119192012/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154318.html|archive-date=19 January 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bligh was presented with an urn that contained some ashes, which have variously been said to be of a [[bail (cricket)|bail]], [[cricket ball|ball]] or even a woman's veil, and so [[The Ashes]] was born. A fourth match was then played which Australia won by four wickets. However, the match was not considered part of the Ashes series.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisden&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/engine/match/62408.html|title=Australia v England|publisher=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|access-date=5 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107004403/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/engine/match/62408.html|archive-date=7 January 2009|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; England dominated many of these early contests, with England winning the Ashes series 10 times between 1884 and 1898.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;opposition=2;spanmax1=31+Dec+1899;spanmax2=31+Dec+1898;spanmin1=1+Jan+1884;spanmin2=1+Jan+1884;spanval1=span;spanval2=span;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=series|title=Test matches|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; During this period England also played their first Test match against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in 1889 at [[Port Elizabeth]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/engine/match/62426.html|title=South Africa v England|publisher=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|access-date=5 February 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710090015/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/engine/match/62426.html|archive-date=10 July 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1890s===<br /> England won the 1890 Ashes series 2–0, with the third match of the series being the first Test match to be abandoned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1890-60274|title=The Ashes 1890}}&lt;/ref&gt; England lost 2–1 in the 1891–92 series, although England regained the urn the following year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1891-92-60275|title=The Ashes 1891/92}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1893-60277|title=The Ashes 1893}}&lt;/ref&gt; England again won the 1894–95 series, winning 3–2 under the leadership of [[Andrew Stoddart]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stuart-wark-england-s-1894-scg-miracle-909033|title=England's 1894 SCG miracle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1894-95-60278|title=The Ashes 1894/95}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1895–96, England played South Africa, winning all Tests in the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1895-96-61685|title=England tour of South Africa 1895/96}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 1899 Ashes series was the first tour where the MCC and the counties appointed a selection committee. There were three active players: Grace, [[Lord Hawke]] and [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] captain [[Herbert Bainbridge]]. Prior to this, England teams for home Tests had been chosen by the club on whose ground the match was to be played. England lost the 1899 Ashes series 1–0, with Grace making his final Test appearance in the first match of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1899-60283|title=The Ashes 1899}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1900s===<br /> [[File:Australia vs England at Adelaide Oval in 1902.jpg|thumb|left|The Adelaide Oval, second day of the third test between Australia and England, 20 January 1902. Australia won by 4 wickets.]]<br /> The start of the 20th century saw mixed results for England as they lost four of the eight Ashes series between 1900 and 1914.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;opposition=2;orderby=start;spanmax1=31+Dec+1914;spanmin1=1+Jan+1900;spanval1=span;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=series |title=Test matches |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 February 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; During this period, England lost their first series against South Africa in the 1905–06 season 4–1 as their batting faltered.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;opposition=3;orderby=start;spanmax1=24+Jan+1911;spanval1=span;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=series|title=Test matches|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1905-06-61692|title=England tour of South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> England lost their first series of the new century to Australia in 1901–02 Ashes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1901-02-60284|title=The Ashes 1901/02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Australia also won the 1902 series, which was memorable for exciting cricket, including [[Gilbert Jessop]] scoring a Test century in just 70 minutes. England regained the Ashes in 1904 under the captaincy of [[Pelham Warner]]. [[R. E. Foster]] scored 287 on his debut and [[Wilfred Rhodes]] took 15 wickets in a match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1903-04-60287|title= The 1904 Ashes}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1905–06, England lost 4–1 against South Africa. England avenged the defeat in 1907, when they won the series 1–0 under the captaincy of Foster. However, they lost the 1909 Ashes series against Australia, using 25 players in the process.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1909-60292|title=The Ashes 1909}}&lt;/ref&gt; England also lost to South Africa, with [[Jack Hobbs]] scoring his first of 15 centuries on the tour.<br /> <br /> ===1910s===<br /> England toured Australia in 1911–12 and beat their opponents 4–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1911-12-60295|title=The Ashes 1911/12}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team included the likes of Rhodes, Hobbs, [[Frank Woolley]] and [[Sydney Barnes]]. England lost the first match of the series but bounced back and won the next four Tests. This proved to be the last Ashes series before the war.<br /> <br /> The 1912 season saw England take part in a unique experiment. A nine-Test triangular tournament involving England, South Africa and Australia was set up. The series was hampered by a very wet summer and player disputes however and the tournament was considered a failure with the ''Daily Telegraph'' stating:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 September 2006 |title=England v Australia 1890&amp;nbsp;– 1914 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-v-australia-1890-1914-260677 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008035811/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ausveng/content/story/260677.html |archive-date=8 October 2008 |access-date=5 February 2008 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|Nine Tests provide a surfeit of cricket, and contests between Australia and South Africa are not a great attraction to the British public.}}<br /> <br /> With Australia sending a weakened team and the South African bowlers being ineffective England dominated the tournament winning four of their six matches. The match between Australia and South Africa at [[Lord's]] was visited by [[George V|King George V]], the first time a reigning monarch had watched Test cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237048.html|title=Australia v South Africa|publisher=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|access-date=5 February 2008|date=14 February 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709172943/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237048.html|archive-date=9 July 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; England went on one more tour before the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]], beating South Africa 4–0, with Barnes taking 49 wickets in the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1913-14-61684|title=England tour of South Africa 1913/14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rob-steen-on-sydney-barnes-697977|title=Fiery Syd}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1920s===<br /> [[File:StateLibQld 1 233112 English cricket team at the test match held in Brisbane, 1928.jpg|right|thumb|English cricket team at the Test match at the [[Brisbane Exhibition Ground]] in 1928. England won by a record margin of 675 runs.]]<br /> <br /> England's first match after the war was in the 1920–21 season against Australia. Still feeling the effects of the war England went down to a series of crushing defeats and suffered their first whitewash losing the series 5–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1920-21-60301|title=1920-21 Ashes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Six Australians scored hundreds while Mailey spun out 36 English batsmen. Things were no better in the next few Ashes series losing the 1921 Ashes series 3–0 and the 1924–25 Ashes 4–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1921-60302|title=The Ashes 1921}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1924-25-60306|title=The Ashes 1924/25}}&lt;/ref&gt; England's fortunes were to change in 1926 as they regained the Ashes and were a formidable team during this period dispatching Australia 4–1 in the 1928–29 Ashes tour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1926-60307|title=The Ashes 1926}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1928-29-60310|title=The Ashes 1928-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the same year the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] became the fourth nation to be granted [[Test cricket#Test status|Test status]] and played their first game against England. England won each of these three Tests by an innings, and a view was expressed in the press that their elevation had proved a mistake although [[Learie Constantine]] did [[Double (cricket)|the double]] on the tour. In the 1929–30 season England went on two concurrent tours with one team going to New Zealand (who were granted Test status earlier that year) and the other to the West Indies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-to-1930-when-england-played-two-tests-in-a-day-714423|title=Playing two Tests in a day}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite sending two separate teams England won against New Zealand 1–0 and drawn with the West Indies 1–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149452.html |title=Quick, quick Snow |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=14 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CATI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Marylebone_Cricket_Club_in_West_Indies_1929-30.html |publisher=CricketArchive |title=England in the West Indies 1929–30 |access-date=20 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://test-cricket-tours.co.uk/page_3116506.html| title = England to New Zealand 1929-30| publisher = Test Cricket Tours| access-date = 31 August 2017| archive-date = 27 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170827210919/http://test-cricket-tours.co.uk/page_3116506.html| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1930s===<br /> [[File:4th Test Woodfull.jpg|left|thumb|[[Bill Woodfull]] evades a [[Bodyline]] ball during the [[English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33|English cricket team tour in Australia in 1932–33]]. Note the number of leg-side fielders.]]<br /> <br /> The 1930 Ashes series saw a young [[Don Bradman]] dominate the tour, scoring 974 runs in his seven Test innings. He scored 254 at Lord's, 334 at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]] and 232 at [[The Oval]]. Australia regained the Ashes winning the series 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1930-60314|title=The Ashes 1930}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of Bradman's prolific run-scoring the England captain [[Douglas Jardine]] chose to develop the already existing [[leg theory]] into fast leg theory, or [[bodyline]], as a tactic to stop Bradman. Fast leg theory involved bowling fast balls directly at the batsman's body. The batsman would need to defend himself, and if he touched the ball with the bat, he risked being caught by one of a large number of fielders placed on the leg side.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/bodyline-cricket-series-1932-33#:~:text=Bodyline%20was%20an%20aggressive%20fast,way%20as%20fast%20as%20possible.|title=Bodyline cricket series, 1932-33|date=29 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Using Jardine's fast leg theory, England won the next Ashes series 4–1, but complaints about the Bodyline tactic caused crowd disruption on the tour, and threats of diplomatic action from the [[Cricket Australia|Australian Cricket Board]], which during the tour sent the following cable to the MCC in London:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/07/1075854114533.html |title=It just wasn't cricket |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald|The Sun-Herald]] |access-date=4 December 2006 |date=8 February 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|Bodyline bowling assumed such proportions as to menace best interests of game, making protection of body by batsmen the main consideration. Causing intensely bitter feeling between players as well as injury. In our opinion is unsportsmanlike. Unless stopped at once likely to upset friendly relations existing between Australia and England.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-21013615|title=Bodyline: 80 years of cricket's greatest controversy|work=BBC News |date=14 January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Later, Jardine was removed from the captaincy and the [[Laws of Cricket]] changed so that no more than one fast ball aimed at the body was permitted per over, and having more than two fielders behind square leg was banned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/why-the-1932-33-bodyline-series-became-crickets-darkest-chapter/articleshow/113434312.cms#:~:text=Despite%20winning%20the%20series%204,infamous%20episodes%20in%20cricket%20history.|title=Why the 1932-33 'Bodyline' series became cricket's darkest chapter|work=The Times of India |date=17 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> England's following tour of India in the 1933–34 season was the first Test match to be staged in the subcontinent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/when-test-cricket-came-to-india-245528|title=When Test cricket came to India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was also notable for [[Stan Nichols]] and [[Nobby Clark (cricketer)|Nobby Clark]] bowling so many bouncers that the Indian batsman wore [[Pith helmet|solar toupées]] instead of caps to protect themselves.&lt;ref name=RG194&gt;{{cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |author-link=Ramachandra Guha |title=A Corner of a Foreign Field – The Indian History of a British Sport |page=194 |year=2002 |publisher=Picador |location=London |isbn=0-330-49117-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Australia won the 1934 Ashes series 2–1 and kept the urn for the following 19 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1934-60325|title=The Ashes 1934}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> England drew the 1938 Ashes, meaning Australia retained the urn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1938-60332|title=The Ashes 1938}}&lt;/ref&gt; England went into the final match of the series at The Oval 1–0 down, but won the final game by an innings and 579 runs. [[Len Hutton]] made the highest ever Test score by an Englishman, making 364 in England first innings to help them reach 903, their highest ever score against Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-the-oval-grind-of-1938-901415|title=The Oval grind of 1938}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/nostalgia/when-len-hutton-eclipsed-don-bradman-with-record-knock-at-the-oval-3066570|title=When Len Hutton eclipsed Don Bradman with record knock at The Oval|date=14 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The 1938–39 tour of South Africa saw another experiment with the deciding Test being a [[timeless Test]] that was played to a finish.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1938-39-61688/south-africa-vs-england-5th-test-62657/full-scorecard|title=5th test durban, March 1939, England tour of South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; England lead 1–0 going into the final timeless match at Durban. Despite the final Test being 'timeless', the game ended in a draw after 10 days as England had to catch the train to catch the boat home. A record 1,981 runs were scored, and the concept of timeless Tests was abandoned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/dec/22/the-spin-cricket-the-timeless-test-1939|title=The Test match that went on and on and on. Without a winner but with meaning|work=The Guardian |date=22 December 2015 |last1=Bull |first1=Andy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/calling-time-on-eternity-395117|title=Calling time on eternity}}&lt;/ref&gt; England hosted the West Indies in 1939 before the [[World War II|Second World War]], although a team for an MCC tour of India was selected more in hope than expectation of the matches being played.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-to-1939-the-tour-that-never-was-537461|title=The tour that never was}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-west-indian-team-in-england-1939-155218|title=The West Indian team in England 1939}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1940s===<br /> Test cricket resumed after the war in 1946, and England won their first match back against India. However, they struggled in the 1946–47 Ashes series, losing 3–0 in Australia under [[Wally Hammond]]'s captaincy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1946-47-60337|title=The Ashes 1946/47}}&lt;/ref&gt; England beat South Africa 3–0 in 1947 with [[Denis Compton]] scoring 1,187 runs in the series.<br /> <br /> The 1947–48 series against the West Indies was another disappointment for England, with the team losing 2–0 following injuries to several key players.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-in-west-indies-test-series-1947-48-60341|title=England tour of West Indies 1947-48}}&lt;/ref&gt; England suffered further humiliation against Bradman's invincible team in the 1948 Ashes series. Hutton was controversially dropped for the third Test, and England were bowled out for just 52 at The Oval.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-1948-61329/england-vs-australia-5th-test-62689/full-scorecard|title=5th test, The Oval 1948 Australia tour of England}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series proved to be Bradman's final Ashes series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cricmash.com/flashes-to-remember/ashes-1948-the-dons-final-innings|title=Ashes 1948: The Don's final innings|date=14 August 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1948–49, England beat South Africa 2–0 under the captaincy of George Mann. The series included a record breaking stand of 359 between Hutton and [[Cyril Washbrook]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283611.html Test matches – Highest partnership for the first wicket]. Stats.cricinfo.com. Retrieved 2018-07-08.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=1;id=1;type=team Test matches – Highest partnerships by wicket for England]. Stats.cricinfo.com. Retrieved 2018-07-08.&lt;/ref&gt; The decade ended with England drawing the Test series against New Zealand, with every match ending in a draw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-1949-62068|title=New Zealand tour of England 1949}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1950s===<br /> <br /> On 29 June 1950 England lost to the West Indies for the first time, with this being followed by a 3–1 series loss when they lost at ''The Oval'' on 16 August 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-1950-61876|title=West Indies tour of England 1950}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ramadhin-and-valentine-little-friends-of-mine-140863|title=Ramadhin and Valentine - little friends of mine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/365667/those-two-little-tormentors-of-mine|title=Those two little tormentors of mine}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:JohnsontoHutton.JPG|thumb|left|[[Len Hutton]] batting during the 5th Test Match of the [[1950–51 Ashes series]] played at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]]. [[Ian Johnson (cricketer)|Ian Johnson]] is bowling]]<br /> Their fortunes against Australia changed on the 1953 Ashes tour as they won the series 1–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1953-60359|title=The Ashes 1953}}&lt;/ref&gt; England did not lose a series between their 1950–51 and 1958–59 tours of Australia and secured famous victory in [[English cricket team in Australia in 1954–55|1954–55]] under the captaincy of [[Len Hutton]], thanks to [[Frank Tyson]] whose 6/85 at Sydney and 7/27 at Melbourne are remembered as the fastest bowling ever seen in Australia. The 1956 series was remembered for the bowling of [[Jim Laker]] who took 46 wickets at an average of 9.62, including figures of 19/90 at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]]. After drawing to South Africa, England defeated the West Indies and New Zealand comfortably.<br /> <br /> The England team then left for Australia in the 1958–59 season with a team that had been hailed as the strongest ever to leave on an Ashes tour but lost the series 4–0 as [[Richie Benaud]]'s revitalised Australians were too strong, with England struggling with the bat throughout the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1958-59-60380|title=The Ashes 1958/59}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 24 August 1959, England inflicted its only 5–0 whitewash over [[India national cricket team|India]]. All out for 194 at The Oval, India lost the last test by an innings. England's batsman [[Ken Barrington]] and [[Colin Cowdrey]] both had an excellent series with the bat, with Barrington scoring 357 runs across the series and Cowdrey scoring 344.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstats.com.au/zArchive/1950s/1959EI/1959EIcov.pdf|title=India in England 1959. England won 5-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1959-62279/england-vs-india-5th-test-62864/full-scorecard|title=England vs India, 5th Test at London, Aug 20 1959 - Full Scorecard}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1960s===<br /> The early and middle 1960s were poor periods for English cricket. Despite England's strength on paper, Australia held the Ashes and the West Indies dominated England in the early part of the decade. May stood down as captain in 1961 following the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1961|1961 Ashes defeat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1961-60390|title=The Ashes 1961}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/657117/benaud-s-manchester-miracle|title=Benaud's Manchester miracle}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Ted Dexter]] succeeded him as captain but England continued to suffer indifferent results. In 1961–62, they beat Pakistan, but also lost to India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-pakistan-1961-62-61762|title=England tour of Pakistan 1961/62}}&lt;/ref&gt; The following year saw England and Australia tie the 1962–63 Ashes series 1–1, meaning Australia retained the urn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1962-63-60396|title=The Ashes 1962/63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite beating New Zealand 3–0, England went on to lose to the West Indies, and again failed in the 1964 Ashes, losing the home series 1–0, which marked the end of Dexter's captaincy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1964-60402|title=The 1964 Ashes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> However, from 1968 to 1971 they played 27 consecutive Test matches without defeat, winning 9 and drawing 18 (including the abandoned Test at Melbourne in 1970–71). The sequence began when they drew with Australia at Lord's in the Second Test of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1968|1968 Ashes series]] and ended in 1971 when [[Indian cricket team in England in 1971|India]] won the Third Test at The Oval by four wickets. They played 13 Tests with only one defeat immediately beforehand and so played a total of 40 consecutive Tests with only one defeat, dating from their innings victory over the West Indies at The Oval in 1966. During this period they beat New Zealand, India, the West Indies, and Pakistan, and under [[Ray Illingworth]]'s leadership, regained [[The Ashes]] from Australia in 1970–71.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1970-71-60433|title=1970/71 Ashes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1970s===<br /> [[File:Ian Botham batting vs NZ - February 1978.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ian Botham]] batting against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] during a test match in February 1978 at [[Basin Reserve]]]]<br /> The 1970s, for the England team, can be largely split into three parts. Early in the decade, Illingworth's team dominated world cricket, winning the Ashes away in 1971&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/my-life-through-the-ashes-from-deadly-derek-through-warnie-to-stokes-boys-1381073|title=My life through the Ashes: from Deadly Derek to Warnie to Stokes' boys}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1970-71-60433|title=The Ashes 1970/71}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ray-illingworth-people-don-t-realise-how-hard-it-is-to-win-in-australia-492997|title='People don't realise how hard it is to win in Australia'}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then retaining them at home in 1972.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1972-60439|title=The Ashes 1972}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-the-fungus-that-floored-the-aussies-901241|title=The fungus that floored the Aussies}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/871281/captain-hook|title=Captain Hook}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same team beat Pakistan at home in 1971 and played by far the better cricket against India that season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1971-61463|title=Pakistan tour of England 1971}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, England were largely helped by the rain to sneak the Pakistan series 1–0 but the same rain saved India twice and one England collapse saw them lose to India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1971-62286|title=India tour of England 1971}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-on-his-57-at-old-trafford-in-1971-766991|title=Sunny's little gem}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was, however, one of (if not the) strongest England team ever with the likes of Illingworth, [[Geoffrey Boycott]], [[John Edrich]], [[Basil D'Oliveira]], [[Dennis Amiss]], [[Alan Knott]], [[John Snow (cricketer)|John Snow]] and [[Derek Underwood]] at its core.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/first-love-112304|title=First love}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The mid-1970s were more turbulent. Illingworth and several others had refused to tour India in 1972–73 which led to a clamour for Illingworth's job by the end of that summer&amp;nbsp;– England had just been beaten 2–0 by a flamboyant West Indies team&amp;nbsp;– with several England players well over 35. [[Mike Denness]] was the surprising choice but only lasted 18 months; his results against poor opposition were good, but England were badly exposed as ageing and lacking in good fast bowling against the 1974–75 Australians, losing that series 4–1 to lose the Ashes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1974-75-60453|title=The Ashes 1974/75}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1008601/call-in-colin|title=Call in Colin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-when-jeff-thomson-and-dennis-lillee-blew-england-away-788525|title=Shell-shocked and bloodied}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Denness was replaced in 1975 by [[Tony Greig]]. While he managed to avoid losing to Australia, his team were largely thrashed the following year by the young and very much upcoming West Indies for whom Greig's infamous &quot;grovel&quot; remark acted as motivation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/who-s-grovelling-now-134960|title=Who's grovelling now?}}&lt;/ref&gt; Greig's finest hour as England's captain was the 1976–77 win over India in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/nov/11/england-india-1976-1977-tour|title=How England managed to emerge victorious on the 1976-77 tour to India|work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2012 |last1=Selvey |first1=Mike }}&lt;/ref&gt; When Greig was discovered as being instrumental in World Series Cricket, he was sacked, and replaced by [[Mike Brearley]].<br /> <br /> Brearley's team showed again the hyperbole that is often spoken when one team dominates in cricket. While his team of 1977–80 contained some young players who went on to become England greats, most notably future captains [[Ian Botham]], [[David Gower]] and [[Graham Gooch]], their opponents were often very much weakened by the absence of their World Series players, especially in 1978, when England drew New Zealand 1–1 and Pakistan 2–0 before thrashing what was effectively Australia's 2nd XI 5–1 in 1978–79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1978-79-60476|title=The Ashes 1978/79}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1978-61457|title=Pakistan tour of England 1978}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-new-zealand-1977-78-61774|title=England tour of New Zealand 1977/78}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rewind-to-1978-botham-to-boycott-i-ve-run-you-out-you-604169|title='I've run you out, you ****'}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1980s===<br /> [[File:Trent Bridge Test Match, 1981- Alderman to Gower (geograph 2489133).jpg|thumb|left|Terry Alderman bowling to David Gower during the 1981 Ashes test at Trent Bridge]]<br /> The England team, with Brearley's exit in 1980, was never truly settled throughout the 1980s, which will probably be remembered as a low point for the team. While some of the great players like Botham, Gooch and Gower had fine careers, the team seldom succeeded in beating good opposition throughout the decade and did not score a home Test victory (except against minnows Sri Lanka) between September 1985 and July 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1985-1985/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1985 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1986-1986/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1986 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1987-1987/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1987 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1988-1988/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1988 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1989-1989/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1989 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/year/team-match-results/1990-1990/test-matches-1?team=1|title=Match results in 1990 in Tests - England}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Botham took over the captaincy in 1980 and they put up a good fight against the West Indies, losing a five match Test series 1–0, although England were humbled in the return series. After scoring a pair in the first Test against Australia, Botham lost the captaincy due to his poor form, and was replaced by Brearley. Botham returned to form and played exceptionally in the remainder of the series, being named man of the match in the third, fourth and fifth Tests. The series became known as Botham's Ashes as England recorded a 3–1 victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2011/jul/02/ian-botham-ashes-1981-mike-brearley|title='Ian Botham's Ashes': The myths, the legends and me|work=The Guardian |date=2 July 2011 |last1=Brearley |first1=Mike }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Keith Fletcher]] took over as captain in 1981, but England lost his first series in charge against India. [[Bob Willis]] took over as captain in 1982 and enjoyed victories over India and Pakistan, but lost the Ashes after Australia clinched the series 2–1. England hosted the World Cup in 1983 and reached the semi-finals, but their Test form remained poor, as they suffered defeats against New Zealand, Pakistan and the West Indies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832/england-vs-india-1st-semi-final-65088/live-cricket-score|title=England vs India, 1st Semi-Final at Manchester, Jun 22 1983 - Match Result}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gower took over as skipper in 1984 and led the team to a 2–1 victory over India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/that-1980s-sports-blog/2016/nov/07/england-india-1984-disarray-triumph-cricket|title=England went to India in 1984 in disarray but came home with a famous victory|work=The Guardian |date=7 November 2016 |last1=Pye |first1=Steven }}&lt;/ref&gt; They went on to win the 1985 Ashes 3–1, although after this came a poor run of form. Defeat to the West Indies dented the team's confidence,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/aug/13/scariest-test-england-ever-played-terror-west-indies-cricket-1986-patrick-patterson|title=The scariest Test England ever played: terror at the hands of West Indies|work=The Guardian |date=13 August 2017 |last1=Smyth |first1=Rob }}&lt;/ref&gt; and they went on to lose to India 2–0. In 1986, [[Micky Stewart]] was appointed the first full-time England coach. England beat New Zealand, but there was little hope of them retaining the Ashes in 1986–87. However, despite being described as a team that 'can't bat, can't bowl and can't field', they went on to win the series 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/nov/15/england-australia-ashes-1987-alive-testicular-cancer-anthony-mcgowan|title=Watching England beat Australia in the 1986-87 Ashes kept me alive|work=The Guardian |date=15 November 2021 |last1=McGowan |first1=Anthony }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After losing consecutive series against Pakistan, England drew a three match Test series against New Zealand 0–0. They reached the final of the 1987 World Cup, but [[1987 Cricket World Cup final|lost by seven runs against Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/38710046|title=Australia receive medals for 1987 Cricket World Cup win over England|work=BBC Sport |date=22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; After losing 4–0 to the West Indies, England lost the Ashes to a resurgent Australia led by Allan Border.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1989-60559|title=The Ashes 1989}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rob-smyth-the-ghosts-of-the-1989-ashes-645253|title=The ghosts of '89}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the likes of Gatting banned following a rebel tour to South Africa, a new look England team suffered defeat again against the West Indies, although this time by a margin of 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-wisden-trophy-1989-90-60565|title=The Wisden Trophy 1989/90}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1990s===<br /> If the 1980s were a low point for English Test cricket, then the 1990s were only a slight improvement. The arrival of Gooch as captain in 1990 forced a move toward more professionalism and especially fitness though it took some time for old habits to die. Creditable performances against India and New Zealand in 1990 were followed by a hard-fought draw against the 1991 West Indies and a strong performance in the [[1992 Cricket World Cup]] in which the England team finished as [[1992 Cricket World Cup final|runners-up]] for the second consecutive World Cup, but landmark losses against Australia in 1990–91 and especially Pakistan in 1992 showed England up badly in terms of bowling. So bad was England's bowling in 1993 that [[Rod Marsh]] described England's pace attack at one point as &quot;pie throwers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/cricket/2002/oct/04news.htm|title=News Roll ''reddif.com''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Having lost three of the first four Tests played in England in 1993, Gooch resigned to be replaced by [[Michael Atherton]].1992 also saw Scotland sever ties with the England and Wales team, and begin to compete as the [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland national team]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ScoCA&quot;&gt;[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/24.html Scotland] at CricketArchive&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> More selectorial problems abounded during Atherton's reign as new chairman of selectors and coach Ray Illingworth (then into his 60s) assumed almost sole responsibility for the team off the field. The youth policy which had seen England emerge from the West Indies tour of 1993–94 with some credit (though losing to a seasoned Windies team) was abandoned and players such as Gatting and Gooch were persisted with when well into their 30s and 40s. England continued to do well at home against weaker opponents such as India, New Zealand and a West Indies team beginning to fade but struggled badly against improving teams like Pakistan and South Africa. Atherton had offered his resignation after losing the 1997 Ashes series 3–2 having been 1–0 up after two matches&amp;nbsp;– eventually to resign one series later in early 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-1997-60645|title=The Ashes 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt; England, looking for talent, went through a whole raft of new players during this period, such as [[Ronnie Irani]], [[Adam Hollioake]], [[Craig White]], [[Graeme Hick]] and [[Mark Ramprakash]]. [[Alec Stewart]] took the reins as captain in 1998, but another losing Ashes series and early World Cup exit cost him Test and ODI captaincy in 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/11729495/englands-1999-cricket-world-cup-nightmare-20-years-on-from-last-time-england-hosted|title=England's 1999 Cricket World Cup nightmare: 20 years on from last time England hosted |work=Sky Sports }}&lt;/ref&gt; This should not detract from the 1998 home Test series where England showed great fortitude to beat a powerful South African team 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/darren-gough-on-headingley-1998-572499|title=Rhino's breakthrough}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Another reason for their poor performances were the demands of [[County Championship|County Cricket]] teams on their players, meaning that England could rarely field a full-strength team on their tours. This eventually led to the [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] taking over from the MCC as the governing body of England and the implementation of central contracts. By 1999, with coach David Lloyd resigning after the World Cup exit and new captain [[Nasser Hussain]] just appointed, England hit rock bottom (literally ranked as the lowest-rated Test nation) after losing 2–1 to New Zealand in shambolic fashion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-1999-62074|title=New Zealand tour of England 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hussain was booed on the Oval balcony as the crowd jeered &quot;We've got the worst team in the world&quot; to the tune of &quot;[[He's Got the Whole World in His Hands]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-1999-62074|title=New Zealand tour of England 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2000s===<br /> [[File:Lords test match.jpg|thumb|left|England v New Zealand test match at [[Lord's]] in 2004]]<br /> Central contracts were installed – reducing players workloads – and following the arrival of Zimbabwean coach [[Duncan Fletcher]], England thrashed the fallen West Indies [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2000|3–1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2000-61879|title=West Indies tour of England and Scotland 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; England's results in Asia improved that winter with series wins against both [[History of cricket in Pakistan from 2001#England 2000–01|Pakistan]] and [[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2000–01|Sri Lanka]]. Hussain's team had a far harder edge to it, avoiding the anticipated &quot;Greenwash&quot; in the [[Australian cricket team in England in 2001|2001 Ashes series]] against the all-powerful Australian team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-maintain-icc-test-championship-lead-with-ashes-victory-97250|title=Australia maintain ICC Test Championship lead with Ashes victory}}&lt;/ref&gt; The nucleus the team was slowly coming together as players such as Hussain himself, [[Graham Thorpe]], [[Darren Gough]] and [[Ashley Giles]] began to be regularly selected. By 2003 though, having endured [[English cricket team in Australia in 2002–03|another Ashes drubbing]] as well as another first-round exit from the [[2003 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]], Hussain resigned as captain after one Test against [[South African cricket team in England in 2003|South Africa]].<br /> <br /> [[Michael Vaughan]] took over, with players encouraged to express themselves. England won five consecutive Test series prior to facing Australia in the [[2005 Ashes series]], [[International cricket in 2005#ICC Championship tables in May 2005|taking the team to second place]] in the [[ICC Test Championship]] table. During this period England defeated the West Indies [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2004|home]] and [[English cricket team in West Indies in 2003–04|away]], [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2004|New Zealand]], and [[Bangladeshi cricket team in England in 2005|Bangladesh]] at home, and [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2004–05|South Africa]] in South Africa. In June 2005, England played its first ever [[Twenty20 International|T20 international match]], [[Australian cricket team in England in 2005#England v Australia (13 June)|defeating Australia by 100 runs]]. Later that year, England defeated Australia 2–1 in a thrilling series to regain the Ashes for the first time in 16 years, having lost them in 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jul/06/2005-alternative-history-greatest-ashes|title=2005 and all that: an alternative history of the greatest Ashes|work=The Guardian |date=6 July 2015 |last1=Bull |first1=Andy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/oct/14/the-spin-england-cricket-kevin-pietersen|title=The 2005 Ashes was so special because everyone watched, and everyone could|work=The Guardian |date=14 October 2014 |last1=Bull |first1=Andy }}&lt;/ref&gt; Following the 2005 Ashes win, the team suffered from a spate of serious injuries to key players such as Vaughan, Giles, [[Andrew Flintoff]] and [[Simon Jones (cricketer)|Simon Jones]]. As a result, the team underwent an enforced period of transition. A [[English cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06|2–0 defeat in Pakistan]] was followed by two drawn away series with [[English cricket team in India in 2005–06|India]] and [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2006|Sri Lanka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/daniel-brigham-when-ashes-winning-england-were-derailed-by-pakistan-929015|title=When Ashes-winning England were derailed by Pakistan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2006|home Test series victory against Pakistan]] in July and August 2006, several promising new players emerged.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-in-england-test-series-2006-224903|title=Pakistan in England Test Series 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Most notable were the left-arm orthodox spin bowler [[Monty Panesar]], the first [[Sikh]] to play Test cricket for England, and left-handed opening batsman [[Alastair Cook]]. The [[2006–07 Ashes series]] was keenly anticipated and was expected to provide a level of competition comparable to the 2005 series. In the event, England, captained by Flintoff who was deputising for the injured Vaughan, lost all five Tests to concede the first Ashes whitewash in 86 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jan/05/ashes2006.cricket2|title=Abject England roll over|work=The Guardian |date=5 January 2007 |last1=Selvey |first1=Mike }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]], England lost to most of the Test playing nations they faced, beating only the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]], although they also avoided defeat by any of the non-Test playing nations. Even so, the unimpressive nature of most of their victories in the tournament, combined with heavy defeats by New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, left many commentators criticising the manner in which the England team approached the one-day game. Coach Duncan Fletcher resigned after eight years in the job as a result and was succeeded by former [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] coach [[Peter Moores (cricketer)|Peter Moores]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/apr/19/england-cricket-team-cricket|title=Peter Moores unveiled as England cricket coach for second time|work=The Guardian |date=19 April 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Flintoff bowling Siddle, 2009 Ashes 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Andrew Flintoff]] bowling out [[Peter Siddle]]'s during the 2nd 2009 Ashes Test at Lord's]]<br /> In 2007–08, England toured [[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2007–08|Sri Lanka]] and [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2007–08|New Zealand]], losing the first series 1–0 and winning the second 2–1. These series were followed up at home in May 2008 with a [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2008|2–0 home series win against New Zealand]], with the results easing pressure on Moores – who was not at ease with his team, particularly star batsman [[Kevin Pietersen]]. Pietersen succeeded Vaughan as captain in June 2008, after England had been well beaten by [[South African cricket team in England in 2008|South Africa at home]]. The poor relationship between the two came to a head on the [[English cricket team in India in 2008–09|2008–09 tour to India]]. England lost the series 1–0 and both men resigned their positions, although Pietersen remained a member of the England team. Moores was replaced as coach by Zimbabwean [[Andy Flower]]. Against this background, England toured the [[English cricket team in West Indies in 2008–09|West Indies]] under the captaincy of [[Andrew Strauss]] and, in a disappointing performance, lost the Test series 1–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-2008-09-352657|title=England tour of the West Indies 2008/09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/espncricinfo-awards-2009-test-bowling-winner-jerome-taylor-5-for-11-vs-england-448056|title=ESPNcricinfo Awards 2009 Test bowling winner: Jerome Taylor swings us back to the '80s}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[2009 Ashes series]] featured the first Test match played in Wales, at [[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Sophia Gardens]], Cardiff.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cardiff to host Ashes Test match |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/4921718.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=20 April 2006 |access-date=23 August 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; England drew the match thanks to a last-wicket stand by bowlers [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] and Panesar.&lt;ref name=&quot;T1_D5&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Oliver |last=Brett |title=Defiant England cling on for draw |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/8146497.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=12 July 2009 |access-date=23 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713012906/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/8146497.stm |archive-date=13 July 2009 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A victory for each team followed before the series was decided at The Oval. Thanks to fine bowling by [[Stuart Broad]] and [[Graeme Swann]] and a debut century by [[Jonathan Trott]], England regained the Ashes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/aug/23/england-win-ashes-oval-test-australia|title=<br /> Paradise regained as England capture the Ashes once more|work=The Guardian|date=23 August 2009|last1=Selvey|first1=Mike}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2009-345967/england-vs-australia-5th-test-345974/match-report|title=Flintoff's fling inspires England Ashes glory}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2010s===<br /> After a drawn [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2009–10|Test series in South Africa]], England won their first ever ICC event, the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010 World Twenty20]], with a seven-wicket win over Australia in Barbados.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/may/16/england-australia-world-twenty20-final|title=Craig Kieswetter helps England thrash Australia to win World Twenty20|newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 May 2010 |last1=Selvey |first1=Mike }}&lt;/ref&gt; The following winter in the [[2010–11 Ashes series|2010–11 Ashes]], they beat Australia 3–1 to retain the urn and record their first series win in Australia for 24 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-2010-11-428730/australia-vs-england-4th-test-428752/match-report|title=England retain the Ashes with innings win}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, all three of their wins were by an innings – the first time a touring team had ever recorded three innings victories in a single Test series, [[Alastair Cook]] earning [[Compton–Miller Medal|Man of the Series]] with 766 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-ashes-winning-down-under-england-s-post-war-ashes-series-victories-in-australia-1292018|title=Winning Down Under: England's post-war Ashes series victories in Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Ashes 2010-11 Sydney Test final wicket.jpg|thumb|left|England players celebrate in the field as [[Chris Tremlett]] takes the winning wicket in the [[2010–11 Ashes series]] at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]].]]<br /> England struggled to match their Test form in the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/9421100.stm|title=Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh rally on to shock England|date=11 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite beating South Africa and tying with eventual winners India, England suffered shock losses to Ireland and Bangladesh before losing in the quarter-finals to Sri Lanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka vs England, 4th quarter-final ICC World Cup 2011|url=http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/4th-quarter-final-sri-lanka-vs-england.html|date=26 March 2011|access-date=26 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818070122/http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/4th-quarter-final-sri-lanka-vs-england.html|archive-date=18 August 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However the team's excellent form in the Test match arena continued and on 13 August 2011, they became the world's top-ranked Test team after [[Indian cricket team in England in 2011|comfortably whitewashing India 4–0]], their sixth consecutive series victory and eighth in the past nine series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/aug/22/england-india-seal-whitewash|title=England end India's resistance to seal win and whitewash|work=The Guardian |date=22 August 2011 |last1=Marks |first1=Vic }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/14614779|title=England complete India series whitewash at The Oval|work=BBC Sport |date=22 August 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, this status only lasted a year – having [[England cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2011–12|lost 3–0 to Pakistan]] over the winter, England were [[South African cricket team in England in 2012|beaten 2–0 by South Africa]], who replaced them at the top of the rankings. It was their first home series loss since 2008, against the same opposition. This loss saw the resignation of Strauss as captain and his retirement from cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/29/england-captain-andrew-strauss-retires|title=England captain Andrew Strauss retires from professional cricket|work=The Guardian |date=29 August 2012 |last1=Wilson |first1=Andy }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Cook, who was already in charge of the ODI team, replaced Strauss and led England to a [[English cricket team in India in 2012–13|2–1 victory in India]] – their first in the country since 1984–85.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Marc |last=Higginson |title=India v England: Jonathan Trott &amp; Ian Bell lead England to series win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/20752998 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=17 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, he became the first captain to score centuries in his first five Tests as captain and became England's leading century-maker with 23 centuries to his name. After finishing as runners-up in the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy]], England faced Australia in back-to-back Ashes series. A [[2013 Ashes series|3–0 home win]] secured England the urn for the fourth time in five series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-2013-566894|title=The Ashes 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in [[2013–14 Ashes series|the return series]], they found themselves utterly demolished in a 5–0 defeat, their second Ashes whitewash in under a decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/25610300|title=Ashes 2013-14: Australia crush England to seal 5-0 whitewash|work=BBC Sport |date=5 January 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Their misery was compounded by batsman Jonathan Trott leaving the tour early due to a stress-related illness and the mid-series retirement of spinner Graeme Swann. Following the tour, head coach Flower resigned his post while Pietersen was dropped indefinitely from the England team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/26040475 |title=Kevin Pietersen: Batsman's England career over |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 February 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606010906/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/26040475 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Flower was replaced by his predecessor, Moores, but he was sacked for a second time after a string of disappointing results including failing to advance from the group stage at the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/articles/moores-leaves-role-england-head-coach |title=Moores leaves role as England Head Coach |publisher=England and Wales Cricket Board |date=9 May 2015 |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105175138/http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/articles/moores-leaves-role-england-head-coach |archive-date=5 November 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/31792930|title=Cricket World Cup 2015: England knocked out by Bangladesh|work=BBC Sport |date=9 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/mar/10/england-exit-cricket-world-cup|title=Early England exit from Cricket World Cup is new low|work=The Guardian |date=10 March 2015 |last1=Snowdon |first1=Graham }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:The England Cricket Team Ashes 2015.jpg|thumbnail|right|The England team celebrate victory over Australia in the [[2015 Ashes series]].]]Moores was replaced by Australian [[Trevor Bayliss]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/articles/ecb-names-trevor-bayliss-englands-new-head-coach |title=Bayliss named England's new Head Coach |publisher=England and Wales Cricket Board |date=26 May 2015 |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129101453/http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/articles/ecb-names-trevor-bayliss-englands-new-head-coach |archive-date=29 January 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; who oversaw an upturn of form in the ODI team, including series victories against [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2015#ODI series|New Zealand]] and [[English cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2015–16#ODI series|Pakistan]]. In the Test arena, England reclaimed the Ashes [[2015 Ashes series|3–2]] in the summer of 2015 before regaining the [[Basil D'Oliveira Trophy]] in the [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2015–16|2015–16 winter]]. However, the upturn in fortune of the ODI and T20I teams coincided with steadily declining form of the Test team, especially with the bat, despite the emergence of key players [[Joe Root]] and [[Ben Stokes]]. After recording their [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016–17|first ever loss to Bangladesh]] in a Test, a [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|4–0 loss to India]] on the same tour resulted in the resignation of Cook as captain in early 2017, being replaced by Root, who was unable to reverse the decline in the fortunes of the team: in his first year as captain, the team suffered another away Ashes drubbing followed by a loss to New Zealand, embarrassingly dismissed for just 58 in the first test, although the team did recover [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|to beat India 4–1]] in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/846959 |title=England move up to fourth position after 4-1 series win |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:2019 World Cup winning England Cricket team with PM Theresa May.jpg|thumb|left|The England team celebrating their [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] success at [[10 Downing Street]] with [[Theresa May]]]]<br /> England entered the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] as favourites, having been ranked the number one ODI team by the ICC for over a year prior to the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48125031|title=Why England are favourites for the Cricket World Cup – and who might stop them|date=28 May 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619203809/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48125031|archive-date=19 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, shock defeats to Pakistan and Sri Lanka during the [[2019 Cricket World Cup group stage|group stage]] left them on the brink of elimination and needing to win their final two games against India and New Zealand to guarantee progression to the semi-finals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48765744|title=England lose against Australia in Cricket World Cup as old habits return at the worst of times|date=25 June 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626091817/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48765744|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was achieved, putting their campaign back on track, and an eight-wicket victory over Australia in the semi-final at Edgbaston meant England were in their first World Cup final since 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48870770|title=England reach Cricket World Cup final with thrashing of Australia|date=11 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715043052/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48870770|archive-date=15 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[2019 Cricket World Cup Final|final]] against New Zealand at Lord's has been described as one of the greatest and most dramatic matches in the history of cricket, with some calling it the &quot;greatest ODI in history&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&amp;objectid=12249489|title=2019 Cricket World Cup final: England beat Black Caps in greatest ODI in history|last=Anderson|first=Niall|journal=The New Zealand Herald|date=14 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|issn=1170-0777|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715173614/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&amp;objectid=12249489|archive-date=15 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; as both the match and subsequent [[Super Over]] were tied, after England went into the final over of their innings 14 runs behind New Zealand's total. England won by virtue of having scored more boundaries throughout the match, securing their maiden World Cup title in their fourth final appearance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48983890|title=England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic victory over New Zealand|date=14 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715181544/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48983890|archive-date=15 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/report/1144530/england-vs-new-zealand-final-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019|title=Epic final tied, Super Over tied, England win World Cup on boundary count|website=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 July 2019 |access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715190820/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/report/1144530/england-vs-new-zealand-final-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019|archive-date=15 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> That summer's [[2019 Ashes series|Ashes]] was the last series with Bayliss as coach and the series was full of moments including the emergence of [[Rory Burns]] and [[Jofra Archer]], but it was Stokes's virtuosic effort in the [[2019 Ashes series#Third Test|third Test at Headingley]] which entered cricketing folklore: with only one wicket remaining and 76 more runs still to win, Stokes hit an unbeaten 135 to keep the series alive.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Smyth |first1=Rob |last2=Lemon |first2=Geoff |last3=Howcroft |first3=Jonathan |title=Ashes 2019: Ben Stokes steers England to one-wicket victory over Australia - as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2019/aug/25/ashes-2019-england-v-australia-third-test-day-four-live |website=The Guardian |date=25 August 2019 |access-date=25 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; England eventually drew the series 2–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/the-ashes/ashes-2019-australia-has-the-urn-but-no-series-win-so-where-does-the-result-stack-up/news-story/e7899239cbb32ab43ac84dd7056a0f7d |title=Ashes 2019: Australia has the urn but no series win — so where does the result stack up? |work=Fox Sports Australia |date=16 September 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2020s===<br /> [[File:England 2022 T20 World Cup champions.jpg|thumb|right|England players celebrating their victory with the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] trophy]]<br /> Under new coach [[Chris Silverwood]], England began the new decade well when they beat South Africa [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2019–20|3–1 away from home]] in early 2020, the first time that the England cricket team had won three Tests on a tour to South Africa [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1913–14|since 1913–14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/51270668 |title=England in South Africa: Joe Root's team win series 3-1 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=27 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The impact of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was immediately felt when England were withdrawn from their tour of Sri Lanka whilst being on the field,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28896266/england-tour-sri-lanka-cancelled-amid-covid-19-spread |title=England tour of Sri Lanka cancelled amid COVID-19 spread |work=ESPN Cricinfo |date=13 March 2020 |access-date=13 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; England were able to fulfil all of their fixture obligations during this time, but the summer of 2021 would be marred by COVID interruptions: England were forced to select a second-choice XI for the [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2021|ODI series against Pakistan]] due to a COVID-19 outbreak,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2184648 |title=Ben Stokes to captain England against Pakistan after seven members in bio-bubble test positive for COVID-19 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the deciding test of the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021|2021 Pataudi Trophy]] was postponed for 12 months due to a COVID-19 outbreak in the Indian camp.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/banner/england-india_fifth_test_old_trafford_cancelled_covid-19_fears_in_tourists_camp.html |title=England-India fifth Test at Old Trafford cancelled over Covid-19 fears in tourists' camp |work=The Cricketer |access-date=10 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After being beaten in the semi finals of the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], the [[2021–22 Ashes series]] could not have started worse for England when [[Rory Burns]] was bowled by [[Mitchell Starc]] on the first ball of the series. Four heavy defeats led to Silverwood's resignation as coach and [[Ashley Giles]]'s resignation as director of cricket. England then [[English cricket team in the West Indies in 2021–22|toured the West Indies]] and dropped several senior players, including Burns and [[Dawid Malan]] but also their leading fast bowlers, [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] and [[Stuart Broad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60302401 |title=James Anderson &amp; Stuart Broad left out of England squad for West Indies tour |work=BBC Sport |access-date=8 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; That decision backfired when England could not bowl out the West Indies in the first two tests and following a loss in the deciding test, Root resigned as captain after winning just one test in his last 17.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/joe-root-to-remain-england-test-captain-as-graham-thorpe-becomes-latest-ashes-casualty-1299860 |title=Joe Root to remain England Test captain as Graham Thorpe becomes latest Ashes casualty |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> 2022 saw a period of transition in both Test and white-ball teams; under a new management structure of [[Rob Key]] as director of cricket, England hired [[Ben Stokes]] as captain and [[Brendon McCullum]] as coach of the Test team and their attacking play became known as [[Bazball]], winning 11 of their first 13 tests, beating New Zealand, India, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ireland. The white-ball team hired [[Matthew Mott]] as coach and set the [[List of List A cricket records#Highest team scores|highest total]] in [[List A cricket]] when they scored 498–4 against The Netherlands in June.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/61839784 |title=England break ODI record with total of 498-4 in Netherlands |work=BBC Sport |access-date=17 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12173/12635647/england-smash-world-record-498-4-against-netherlands-jos-buttler-one-of-three-players-to-hit-hundreds |title=England smash world-record 498-4 against Netherlands; Jos Buttler one of three players to hit hundreds |work=Sky Sports |access-date=17 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jos Buttler]] succeeded [[Eoin Morgan]] as white-ball captain and won the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], becoming the first team to hold both the 50-over and 20-over trophies concurrently.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=England script history, become first team to hold both men's ODI and T20 World Cup titles |url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/england-script-history-become-first-team-to-hold-both-mens-odi-and-t20-world-cup-titles-533759 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=WION |date=13 November 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The following year saw England draw the [[2023 Ashes series]] and crash out of the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]] in the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/67319330#:~:text=England's%20World%20Cup%20defence%20is,hope%20of%20a%20freak%20turnaround.|title=Cricket World Cup 2023: England's defence ended by Australia defeat|work=BBC Sport |date=4 November 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Recent results===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2|<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| '''Home''' ||colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| '''Away'''<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Test cricket|Test]] &lt;!--Home--&gt;<br /> ! [[One Day International]] &lt;!--Home--&gt;<br /> ! [[Twenty20 International]]&lt;!--Home--&gt;<br /> ! [[Test cricket|Test]] &lt;!--Away--&gt;<br /> ! [[One Day International]] &lt;!--Away--&gt;<br /> ! [[Twenty20 International]]&lt;!--Away--&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! Last match won<br /> | [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025#3rd Test|3rd Test]] v [[India national cricket team|India]] 2025<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2025#3rd ODI|3rd ODI]] v [[South Africa cricket team|South Africa]] 2025<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2025#2nd T20I|2nd T20I]] v [[South Africa cricket team|South Africa]] 2025<br /> | [[2025-26 Ashes series|4th Test]] v [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] 2025<br /> | [[English cricket team in the West Indies in 2024–25#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] v [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] 2024<br /> | [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2025–26#2nd T20I|2nd T20I]] v [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] 2025<br /> |-<br /> ! Last match lost<br /> | [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025#5th Test|5th Test]] v [[India national cricket team|India]] 2025<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2025#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] v [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] 2025<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2025#1st T20I|1st T20I]] v [[South Africa cricket team|South Africa]] 2025<br /> | [[2025-26 Ashes series|3rd Test]] v [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] 2025<br /> | [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2025–26#3rd ODI|3rd ODI]] v [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] 2025<br /> | [[English cricket team in India in 2024–25#5th T20I|5th T20I]] v [[India national cricket team|India]] 2025<br /> |-<br /> ! Last series won<br /> | [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2024#Test series|Sri Lanka 2024]]<br /> | [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2025#ODI series|West Indies 2025]]<br /> | [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2025#T20I series|West Indies 2025]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2024–25#Test series|New Zealand 2024–25]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23#ODI series|Bangladesh 2022–23]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2025–26#T20I series|New Zealand 2025–26]]<br /> |-<br /> ! Last series lost<br /> | [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2021#Test series|New Zealand 2021]]<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2025#ODI Series|South Africa 2025]]<br /> | [[South African cricket team in England in 2022#T20I series|South Africa 2022]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in Pakistan in 2024–25#Test series|Pakistan 2024–25]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2025–26#ODI series|New Zealand 2025–26]]<br /> | [[English cricket team in India in 2024–25#T20I series|India 2024–25]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{n/a}}<br /> |&lt;!--tests, home--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;home_or_away=1;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 4 August 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |&lt;!--odi, home--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;home_or_away=1;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 7 September 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |&lt;!--t20, home--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;home_or_away=1;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 14 September 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |&lt;!--tests, away--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;home_or_away=2;home_or_away=3;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 29 December 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |&lt;!--odi, away--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;home_or_away=2;home_or_away=3;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 4 December 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |&lt;!--t20, away--&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Source: [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;home_or_away=2;home_or_away=3;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;size=10;team=1;template=results;type=team;view=results ESPNcricinfo.com]''. Last updated: 31 October 2025.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Forthcoming fixtures==<br /> As set out by the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]]'s Future Tours Programme, below is England's international fixture list until the Spring of 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/c100c4a8-78ff-48a3-a687-7f424d5450e6/ICC_Tours.pdf |title=2018 Men's Future Tour Programme |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195950/https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/c100c4a8-78ff-48a3-a687-7f424d5450e6/ICC_Tours.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Men's FTP 2023–2027 |url=https://i.imgci.com/db/DOWNLOAD/0000/0045/men-s_ftp_2023_2027.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Summer 2026'''<br /> * June : [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2026]] for three Tests<br /> * July : [[Indian cricket team in England in 2026]] for three ODIs and five T20Is<br /> * August to September : [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2026]] for three Tests<br /> * September : [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2026]] for three ODIs and three T20Is<br /> <br /> ==Governing body==<br /> {{Main|England and Wales Cricket Board}}<br /> <br /> The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) is the governing body of English and Welsh cricket and the England cricket team. The Board has been operating since 1 January 1997 and represents England on the [[International Cricket Council]]. The ECB is also responsible for the generation of income from the sale of tickets, sponsorship and broadcasting rights, primarily in relation to the England team. The ECB's income in the 2006 calendar year was £77&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://static.ecb.co.uk/files/ecb-annual-report-accounts-2006-group-financial-statements-1846.pdf |title=ECB Annual Report and Accounts 2006 |publisher=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]] |access-date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221616/http://static.ecb.co.uk/files/ecb-annual-report-accounts-2006-group-financial-statements-1846.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prior to 1997, the [[Test and County Cricket Board]] (TCCB) was the governing body for the English team. Apart from in Test matches, when touring abroad, the England team officially played as [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]] up to and including the 1976–77 tour of Australia, reflecting the time when MCC had been responsible for selecting the touring party. The last time the England touring team wore the bacon-and-egg colours of the MCC was on the 1996–97 tour of New Zealand.<br /> <br /> ===Status of Wales===<br /> {{See also|Cricket in Wales|Proposed Wales national cricket team}}<br /> Historically, the England team represented the whole of [[Great Britain]] in international cricket, with Scottish or [[Cricket in Wales|Welsh national team]]s playing sporadically and players from both countries occasionally representing England. [[Cricket Scotland|Scotland]] became an independent member of the ICC in 1994, having severed links with the TCCB two years earlier.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2005 |title=ICC Cricket World Cup countdown - Scotland |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-cricket-world-cup-countdown-scotland-219330 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cricket Scotland |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/europe/associate/69 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104225411/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/europe/associate/69 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Thomas |date=2022-01-18 |title=Some fans think Wales should declare independence from England - at cricket |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/sport/fans-think-its-time-wales-22786253 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=North Wales Live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruscoe-2004&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Criticism has been made of the England and Wales Cricket Board using only the England name while utilising Welsh players&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruscoe-2004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ruscoe |first1=Sybil |title=England's Welshmen call for name change |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/2386685/Englands-Welshmen-call-for-name-change.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/2386685/Englands-Welshmen-call-for-name-change.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=Daily Telegraph |date=13 September 2004}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis-2022&quot; /&gt; such as Simon and [[Geraint Jones]]. With Welsh players pursuing international careers exclusively with an England team, there have been a number of calls for [[Proposed Wales national cricket team|Wales to become an independent member of the ICC]], or for the ECB to provide more fixtures for a Welsh national team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/should-wales-international-cricket-team-6233035|title=Should Wales have its own international cricket team, ask Assembly Members|date=23 October 2013|website=Wales Online|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093255/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/should-wales-international-cricket-team-6233035|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=13 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both [[Cricket Wales]] and [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club]] have continually supported the ECB, with Glamorgan arguing for the financial benefits of the Welsh county within the English and Welsh structure, and Cricket Wales stating they are &quot;committed to continuing to play a major role within the ECB&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Clearing the Boundaries|url=http://www.cricketwales.org.uk/uploads/news/Clearing%20the%20Boundaries_FINAL_spreads.pdf|website=Cricket Wales|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103223746/http://www.cricketwales.org.uk/uploads/news/Clearing%20the%20Boundaries_FINAL_spreads.pdf|archive-date=3 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Glamorgan chief executive says Wales cricket team makes 'no sense' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/44487411 |agency=BBC |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131130523/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/44487411 |archive-date=31 January 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Glamorgan oppose petition to form a Wales cricket team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/16136233 |agency=BBC |date=12 December 2011 |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114204611/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/16136233 |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The absence of a Welsh cricket team has seen a number of debates within the [[National Assembly for Wales|Welsh Senedd]]. In 2013 a debate saw both [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] and [[Welsh Labour Party|Labour]] members lend their support to the establishment of an independent Welsh team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Establishment of a Welsh Cricket Team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/wales-24613204 |newspaper=BBC Democracy Live |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114204700/http://www.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/wales-24613204 |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, a report produced by the [[National Assembly for Wales|Welsh National Assembly's]] petitions committee, reflected the passionate debate around the issue. [[Bethan Sayed|Bethan Jenkins]], [[Plaid Cymru]]'s spokesperson on heritage, culture, sport and broadcasting, and a member of the petitions committee, argued that Wales should have its own international team and withdraw from the ECB. Jenkins noted that Ireland (with a population of 6.4&amp;nbsp;million) was an ICC member with 6,000 club players whereas Wales (with 3&amp;nbsp;million) had 7,500. Jenkins said: &quot;Cricket Wales and Glamorgan CCC say the idea of a Welsh national cricket team is 'an emotive subject', of course having a national team is emotive, you only have to look at the stands during any national game to see that. To suggest this as anything other than natural is a bit of a misleading argument.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/ams-query-possibility-welsh-national-5698082|title=A Welsh national cricket team? AMs will have their say on the possibility this autumn|last=Shipton|first=Martin|website=walesonline|access-date=21 March 2016|date=12 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071637/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/ams-query-possibility-welsh-national-5698082|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/fresh-debate-whether-its-time-8837007|title=Welsh national cricket team should be set up says Rhun ap Iorwerth|last=Wyn-Williams|first=Gareth|website=northwales|access-date=21 March 2016|date=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141322/http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/fresh-debate-whether-its-time-8837007|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jonathanedwards.org.uk/towards-a-national-future-for-welsh-cricket|title=Jonathan EdwardsTowards a National Future for Welsh Cricket|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045747/http://www.jonathanedwards.org.uk/towards-a-national-future-for-welsh-cricket|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/should-wales-international-cricket-team-6233035 |title=Should Wales have its own international cricket team, ask Assembly Members |last=Shipton |first=Martin |website=Wales Online |access-date=21 March 2016 |date=23 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093255/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/should-wales-international-cricket-team-6233035 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21656717-campaign-national-cricket-team-bat-and-daffodil|title=The bat and the daffodil|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=21 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/call-wales-cricket-team-2151211|title=Call for Wales to have its own cricket team|last=Williamson|first=David|website=Wales Online|access-date=21 March 2016|date=7 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203838/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/call-wales-cricket-team-2151211|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, the [[First Minister of Wales]], [[Carwyn Jones]] called for the reintroduction of the Welsh one-day team stating: &quot;[It] is odd that we see Ireland and Scotland playing in international tournaments and not Wales.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Wales cricket team should play one-day games, Carwyn Jones says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-40497534 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=4 July 2017 |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129024732/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-40497534 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Williamson |first1=David |title=Carwyn Jones says Wales should have a one-day international Welsh cricket team |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/carwyn-jones-says-wales-should-13283819 |publisher=Wales Online |date=5 July 2017 |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171557/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/carwyn-jones-says-wales-should-13283819 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==International grounds==<br /> {{Main|List of international men's cricket grounds in England and Wales}}<br /> <br /> {{location map+|England|float=right|width=290|caption=Locations of current international cricket grounds in England and Wales|places=<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Bristol County Ground|Bristol]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=right|lat=51.477225|long=-2.584156}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[County Ground, Taunton|Taunton]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=left|lat=51.019|long=-3.1008}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=left|lat=52.455814|long=-1.902489}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=right|lat=53.816353|long=-1.582172}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[The Oval]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=right|lat=51.483719|long=-0.114981}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Lord's]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=left|lat=51.5294|long=-0.1727}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=left|lat=53.456347|long=-2.286761}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Riverside Ground|Riverside]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=right|lat=54.849644|long=-1.560706}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Sophia Gardens]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=left|lat=51.487222|long=-3.191389}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=bottom|lat=50.924|long=-1.3219}}<br /> {{location map~|England|label=&lt;small&gt;[[Trent Bridge]]&lt;/small&gt;|position=right|lat=52.936954|long=-1.132108}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''Listed chronologically in order of first match and include neutral fixtures such as World Cup and Champions Trophy games''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Venue !! City !! County team !! Capacity !! Years used !! Test !! ODI !! T20I<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;8&quot;| Current venues<br /> |-<br /> | [[The Oval]] || London || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] || 26,000 || 1880– || 108 || 77 || 17<br /> |-<br /> | [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]] || Manchester || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] || 26,000 || 1884– || 86 || 55 || 13<br /> |-<br /> | [[Lord's]] || London || [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] || 28,000 || 1884– || 149 || 71 || 10<br /> |-<br /> | [[Trent Bridge]] || Nottingham || [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] || 17,500 || 1899– || 67 || 51 || 14<br /> |-<br /> | [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]] || Leeds || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] || 17,500 || 1899– || 82 || 48 || 1<br /> |-<br /> | [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]] || Birmingham || [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] || 25,000 || 1902– || 57 || 65 || 8<br /> |-<br /> | [[Riverside Ground]] || Chester-le-Street || [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]] || 19,000 || 1999– || 6 || 22 || 5<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Sophia Gardens]] || Cardiff || [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] || 15,500 || 1999– || 3 || 31 || 11<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]] || Southampton || [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] || 25,000 || 2003– || 7 || 33 || 13<br /> |-<br /> | [[County Ground, Taunton|County Ground]] || Taunton || [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] || 12,500 || 1983–2019 || – || 6 || 1<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bristol County Ground|County Ground]] || Bristol || [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]] || 17,500 || 1983– || – || 21 || 7<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;8&quot;| Former venues<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bramall Lane]] || Sheffield || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] || 32,000 || 1902 || 1 || – || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[St. Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground|St. Helen's]] || Swansea || [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] || 4,500 || 1973–1983 || – || 2 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough|North Marine Road Ground]] || Scarborough || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] || 11,500 || 1976–1978 || – || 2 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[Grace Road]] || Leicester || [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]] || 12,000 || 1983–1999 || – || 3 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[New Road, Worcester|New Road]] || Worcester || [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] || 5,500 || 1983–1999 || – || 3 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[County Ground, Southampton|County Ground]] || Southampton || [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] || 7,000 || 1983–1999 || – || 3 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[County Cricket Ground, Derby|County Ground]] || Derby || [[Derbyshire County Cricket Club|Derbyshire]] || 9,500 || 1983–1999 || – || 2 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[Nevill Ground]] || Tunbridge Wells || [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] || 6,000 || 1983 || – || 1 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford|County Ground]] || Chelmsford || [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] || 6,500 || 1983–1999 || – || 3 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[St Lawrence Ground]] || Canterbury || [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] || 15,000 || 1999–2005 || – || 4 || —<br /> |-<br /> | [[County Cricket Ground, Northampton|County Ground]] || Northampton || [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]] || 6,500 || 1999|| – || 2 || —<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;8&quot;| As of 31 September 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundList.asp|title=List of cricket grounds in England and Wales|access-date=9 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624175225/http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundList.asp|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Current squad==<br /> This lists all the active players who are contracted to or have played for England in the past year (since 5 March 2025) and the forms in which they have played, and any players (in italics) outside this criterion who have been selected in the team's most recent Test, ODI or T20I squad.<br /> <br /> The ECB offers a number of contracts in October each year to England players which covers both red-ball and white-ball players, considers the likelihood of players featuring in England teams across formats over the next period while recognising performances in the preceding year.&lt;ref name=&quot;23cc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECB announces updated England Men's Central Contract list for 2025–26|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4395907/ecb-announces-updated-england-mens-central-contract-list-for-202526 |access-date=4 November 2025 |website=ECB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Multi-year contracts have been awarded since 2023.<br /> <br /> In addition, [[Chris Woakes]] has appeared in Tests during this period but has since retired from international cricket, and [[Jamie Overton]] has appeared in Tests but is taking an indefinite break from red-ball cricket.<br /> <br /> '''Key'''<br /> *S/N = Shirt number<br /> *Con = Contract type (Central / Development)&lt;ref name=23cc /&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Name<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Age<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Batting style<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Bowling style<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Domestic team<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Con<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Forms&lt;!--NOTE: This refers to the forms they've played for England in the past year, not over their whole England career--&gt;<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | S/N<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Captaincy<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Last Test<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Last ODI<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#012169; color:white; | Last T20I<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;12&quot;| Batters<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tom Banton]] || {{age|1998|11|11}} || Right-handed || – || [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| – || T20I || align=&quot;center&quot;| 98 || || – || {{cricon|IND}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Harry Brook]] || {{age|1999|2|22}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 88 || ODI, T20I (C), Test (VC) || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jordan Cox (cricketer)|Jordan Cox]] || {{age|2000|10|21}} || Right-handed || – || [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| – || T20I || align=&quot;center&quot;| 93 || || – || {{cricon|WIN}} 2024 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zak Crawley]] || {{age|1998|2|3}} || Right-handed || – || [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 6 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || – <br /> |-<br /> | [[Ben Duckett]] || {{age|1994|10|17}} || Left-handed || – || [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 17 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ollie Pope]] || {{age|1998|1|2}} || Right-handed || – || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 80 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2025 || – || – <br /> |-<br /> | [[Joe Root]] || {{age|1990|12|30}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 66 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2019<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;12&quot;| All-rounders<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rehan Ahmed]] || {{age|2004|8|13}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 53 || || {{cricon|PAK}} 2024 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jacob Bethell]] || {{age|2003|10|23}} || Left-handed || [[Left arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 82 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sam Curran]] || {{age|1998|6|3}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I || align=&quot;center&quot;| 58 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2021 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Liam Dawson]] || {{age|1990|3|1}} || Right-handed || [[Left arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 83 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2025 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Will Jacks]] || {{age|1998|11|21}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 85 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jamie Overton]] || {{age|1994|4|10}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 75 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2025 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ben Stokes]] || {{age|1991|6|4}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 55 || Test (C) || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2023 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2022<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;12&quot;| Wicket-keeper-batters<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jos Buttler]] || {{age|1990|9|8}} || Right-handed || – || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 63 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Phil Salt (cricketer)|Phil Salt]] || {{age|1996|8|28}} || Right-handed || – || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 61 || || – || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] || {{age|2000|7|12}} || Right-handed || – || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 39 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;12&quot;| Pace bowlers<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jofra Archer]] || {{age|1995|4|1}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]]|| [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 22 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2025 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gus Atkinson]] || {{age|1998|1|19}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 37 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sonny Baker]] || {{age|2003|3|13}} || Right-handed || [[Fast bowling|Right-arm fast]] ||[[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 60 || || – || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|IRE}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Brydon Carse]] || {{age|1995|7|31}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 92 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sam Cook (cricketer, born 1997)|Sam Cook]] || {{age|1997|8|4}} || Right-handed || [[Fast bowling|Right-arm fast-medium]] ||[[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| – || Test ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 86 || || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2025 || – || –<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Matthew Fisher (English cricketer)|Matthew Fisher]]'' || {{age|1997|11|9}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| – || ''Test'' ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 74 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2022 || – || –<br /> |-<br /> | [[Saqib Mahmood]] || {{age|1997|2|25}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 25 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2022 || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Matthew Potts]] || {{age|1998|10|29}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 35 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2025 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Josh Tongue]] || {{age|1997|11|15}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test, ''T20I'' ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 56 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2026 || – || – <br /> |-<br /> | [[Luke Wood (cricketer)|Luke Wood]] || {{age|1995|8|2}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 57 || || – || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|NEP}} 2026<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]] || {{age|1990|1|11}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 33 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2025 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2025 || {{cricon|IND}} 2025<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;12&quot;| Spin bowlers<br /> |-<br /> | [[Shoaib Bashir]] || {{age|2003|10|13}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Derbyshire County Cricket Club|Derbyshire]] || align=&quot;center&quot;| C || Test || align=&quot;center&quot;| 67 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2025 || – || – <br /> |-<br /> | [[Adil Rashid]] || {{age|1988|2|17}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| C || ODI, T20I ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 95 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2019 || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{cricon|IND}} 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Coaching staff==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#012169; color:white; text-align:center; | Position<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#012169; color:white; text-align:center; | Name<br /> |-<br /> | Head coach <br /> | [[Brendon McCullum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/brendon-mccullum-named-as-england-s-new-test-coach-1314672?platform=amp|title=Brendon McCullum named as England's new Test coach|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2022|archive-date=12 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512131434/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/brendon-mccullum-named-as-england-s-new-test-coach-1314672?platform=amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Assistant coach<br /> | [[Paul Collingwood]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC interim&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Collingwood named interim England coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60288338 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=7 February 2022 |access-date=10 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Batting coach<br /> | [[Marcus Trescothick]]<br /> |-<br /> | Spin bowling coach<br /> | [[Jeetan Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> | Fast-bowling coach<br /> | [[Troy Cooley]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shemilt |first=Stephan |date=2026-01-21 |title=Troy Cooley: England hire 2005 Ashes-winning pace-bowling coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c0q45xe7ev8o |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Team colours==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-left:1em; float:right&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Period<br /> !Kit manufacturer<br /> !Shirt sponsor<br /> |-<br /> |1994–1996<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Tetley's Brewery|Tetley Bitter]]<br /> |-<br /> |1996–1998<br /> |rowspan=2|[[ASICS]]<br /> |-<br /> |1998–2000<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Vodafone]]<br /> |-<br /> |2000–2008<br /> |[[Admiral (sportswear)|Admiral]]<br /> |-<br /> |2008–2010<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Adidas]]<br /> |-<br /> |2010–2014<br /> |[[Brit Insurance]]<br /> |-<br /> |2014–2017<br /> |[[Waitrose]]<br /> |-<br /> |2017–2021<br /> |rowspan=2|[[New Balance]]<br /> |[[NatWest]]<br /> |-<br /> |2021–2022<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Cinch (company)|Cinch]]<br /> |-<br /> |2022–2025<br /> |Rowspan=2|[[Castore (brand)|Castore]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/2248054|title=Castore confirmed as Official kit supplier to England Cricket |date=13 September 2021 |access-date=11 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2025–present<br /> |[[Toyota]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> When playing Test cricket, England's [[Cricket clothing and equipment|cricket whites]] feature the three lions badge on the left of the shirt and the name of the sponsor Toyota on the centre. English and Welsh fielders may wear a navy blue cap or white sun hat with the ECB logo in the middle. Helmets are also coloured navy blue. Before 1997 the uniform sported the TCCB lion and stumps logo on the uniforms, while the helmets, jumpers and hats had the three lions emblem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/qa-the-sinister-aspect-of-golf-1590548.html |title=QA: The sinister aspect of golf |work=The Independent |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214072002/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/qa-the-sinister-aspect-of-golf-1590548.html |archive-date=14 December 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Before 1996, the caps used in test touring squads featured a crest depicting [[Saint George and the dragon|St. George and a dragon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-06 |title=Lions in sheep's clothing |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/1135753.html |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In April 2017, the ECB brought back the traditional cable-knit sweater for test matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 April 2017|title=All hail the return of cricket's traditional cable-knit sweater|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2017/04/04/hail-return-crickets-traditional-cable-knit-sweater/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2017/04/04/hail-return-crickets-traditional-cable-knit-sweater/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In One Day Internationals the kit is a blue shirt with navy trousers, whilst the Twenty20 kit is a flame-red shirt and navy trousers. Over the years, England's ODI kit has cycled between various shades of blue (such as a pale blue used until the mid-1990s, when it was replaced in favour of a bright blue)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85251/classic-world-cup-kits-1996.html |title=Classic World Cup Kits 1996 |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703222200/http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85251/classic-world-cup-kits-1996.html |archive-date=3 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85289/classic-world-cup-kits-1999.html |title=Classic World Cup Kits 1999 |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619193705/http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85289/classic-world-cup-kits-1999.html |archive-date=19 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; with the occasional all-red kit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=England's ODI kits down the years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2017/05/03/englands-odi-kits-years-ranked-rated/|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007121216/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2017/05/03/englands-odi-kits-years-ranked-rated/|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[limited overs cricket]], England's shirts feature the Toyota logo across the centre, except in [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] limited-overs tournaments when a modified kit design is used with 'ENGLAND' printed across the front and the sponsor's logo on the sleeve.<br /> <br /> ==Fan following==<br /> {{Main|Barmy Army}}<br /> <br /> [[Image:Barmy Army at the SCG.JPG|left|180px|thumb|The Barmy Army chanting at the Sydney Cricket Ground]]<br /> The Barmy Army is a travel agency that provides tickets and arranges touring parties for some of its members to follow the [[English cricket team]] in the UK and overseas. The Barmy Army was at first an informal group but was later turned into a company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://i.imgci.com/db/NATIONAL/ENG/CLUBS/barmy-army/history.html|title=History of the Barmy Army}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The name is also applied to followers of the team who join in with match day activities in the crowd, but do not necessarily travel as part of an organised tour. [[Collins dictionary]] defines the word barmy as &quot;slightly crazy or very foolish&quot;.<br /> <br /> The group, then less organised, was given its name by the Australian media during the [[English cricket team in Australia in 1994-95|1994–95]] [[Test cricket|Test]] series in [[Australia]], reportedly for the fans' hopeless audacity in travelling all the way to Australia in the near-certain knowledge that their team would lose, and the fact that they kept on chanting encouragement to the England team even when England were losing quite badly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/dec/01/ashes2006.cricket7 |title=Crass and corporate - why the Barmy Army are no laughing matter |date=2006-11-30 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-fight-back-against-the-barmy-army-427134.html |title=Dominic Lawson: Fight back against the Barmy Army |date=2006-12-05 |work=[[The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was co-founded by [[Paul Burnham]].&lt;ref name=tm&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkify.com.au/trademark/1114806?i=BARMY_ARMY-BACSC_Ltd_and_Peacock_David_John#.UT3AC9pFDIU |title=BARMY ARMY by BACSC Ltd and Peacock, David John - Australian Trademark No.1114806 |publisher=Trade Marks Australia |access-date=2020-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Tournament history==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+'''Key'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:gold&quot; width=&quot;20&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Champions'''<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:silver&quot; width=&quot;20&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Runners-up'''<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:#cc9966&quot; width=&quot;20&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Third place'''<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:lemonchiffon&quot; width=&quot;20&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Fourth place'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{legend2||''Indicates tournaments played within England''|border=2px solid red}}<br /> <br /> ===World Test Championship===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;19&quot; | [[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship record]]<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;150&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Year<br /> ! colspan=&quot;10&quot; | League stage<br /> ! width=&quot;150&quot; ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Final host<br /> ! width=&quot;150&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Final<br /> ! width=&quot;100&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Final position<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;20&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{abbr|Pos|Position}} !! colspan=&quot;5&quot; | Matches !! width=&quot;20&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{abbr|Ded|Deductions}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{abbr|PC|Points Contested}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{abbr|Pts|Points}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{abbr|PCT|Fraction of Points Won out of Points Contested}}<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;20&quot; | {{abbr|P|Played}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; | {{abbr|W|Won}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; | {{abbr|L|Lost}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; | {{abbr|D|Drawn}} !! width=&quot;20&quot; | {{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon&quot;<br /> | [[2019-21 ICC World Test Championship|2019–21]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-1268315/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2021–2023 Table|access-date=11 June 2023|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 4/9 || 21 || 11 || 7 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 720 || 442 || '''61.4''' || style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|[[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]], England || DNQ || League Stage<br /> |- style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon&quot;<br /> | [[2021–23 ICC World Test Championship|2021–23]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 4/9 || 22 || 10 || 8 || 4 || 0 || 12 || 264 || 124 || '''47'''|| style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot; |[[The Oval]], England || DNQ || League Stage<br /> |- <br /> | [[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2023–25]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2023-2025-1345943/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2023–2025 Points Table|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 5/9 || 22 || 11 || 10 || 1 || 0 || 22 || 264 || 114 || '''43.2'''|| style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot; |[[Lord's]], England || DNQ || League Stage<br /> |- <br /> | [[2025–2027 World Test Championship|2025–27]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2025-2027-1472510/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2025–2027 Points Table|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=12 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; || ''7/9'' || 10 || 3 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 120 || 38 || '''31.67'''|| style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot; |[[Lord's]], England || ''TBD'' || ''In progress''<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Cricket World Cup===<br /> {{main|England at the Cricket World Cup}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=9|[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] record<br /> |-<br /> ! width=200 |Year<br /> ! width=150 |Round<br /> ! width=50 |Position<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|W|Matches won}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|L|Matches lost}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|T|Matches tied}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|NR|No result}}<br /> ! width=50 |Win %<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||Semi-final||3/8||4||3||1||0||0||75.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]||Runners-up||2/8||5||4||1||0||0||80.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]||Semi-final||3/8||7||5||2||0||0||71.43<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]||rowspan=2|Runners-up||2/8||8||5||3||0||0||62.50<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]||2/9||10||6||3||0||1||66.67<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||Quarter-final||rowspan=2|8/12||6||2||4||0||0||33.33<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;| {{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{flagicon|IRL}} {{flagicon|NED}} [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||Group stage||5||3||2||0||0||60.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]||Group stage||8/14||6||3||3||0||0||50.00<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|WIN}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||Super 8||5/16||9||5||4||0||0||55.55<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BAN}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||Quarter-final||7/14||7||3||3||1||0||50.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Group stage||10/14||6||2||4||0||0||33.33<br /> |- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]||'''Champions'''||1/10||11||8||3||0||0||68.18<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]||Group stage||7/10||9||3||6||0||0||33.33 <br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} [[2027 Cricket World Cup|2027]] || colspan=&quot;9&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''TBD''<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} [[2031 Cricket World Cup|2031]]<br /> |-<br /> !Total||1 title||13/13||93||52||39||1||1||56.45<br /> |}<br /> <br /> :''*The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.''<br /> <br /> ===T20 World Cup===<br /> {{main|England at the T20 World Cup}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=9|[[ICC T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] record<br /> |-<br /> ! width=200 |Year<br /> ! width=150 |Round<br /> ! width=50 |Position<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|W|Matches won}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|L|Matches lost}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|T|Matches tied}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|NR|No result}}<br /> ! width=50 |Win %<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]||rowspan=2|Super 8||7/12||5||1||4||0||0||20.00<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]]||6/12||5||2||3||0||0||40.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:Gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|WIN}} [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]]||'''Champions'''||1/12||7||5||1||0||1||83.33<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SRI}} [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]]||Super 8||6/12||5||2||3||0||0||40.00<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]]||Super 10||7/16||4||1||3||0||0||25.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]]||Runners-up||2/16||6||4||2||0||0||66.67<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966<br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|Oman}} [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]||Semi-final||4/16||6||4||2||0||0||66.67<br /> |- style=&quot;background:Gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]||'''Champions'''||1/16 ||7||5||1||0||1||83.33<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966<br /> |{{flagicon|WIN}} {{flagicon|USA}} [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]||Semi-final||4/20||8||4||3||0||1||57.14<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]||Semi-final||4/20||8||6||2||0||0||75.00 <br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2028 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2028]] || colspan=&quot;9&quot;|<br /> ''TBD''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;border: 3px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{flagicon|IRE}} [[2030 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2030]]|| colspan='9'| ''Qualified as co-hosts''<br /> |-<br /> ! |Total||2 titles||10/10||61||34||24||0||3||59.38<br /> |}<br /> <br /> :''*The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.''<br /> <br /> ===Champions Trophy===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=9|[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]] record<br /> |-<br /> ! width=200 |Year<br /> ! width=150 |Round<br /> ! width=50 |Position<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|W|Matches won}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|L|Matches lost}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|T|Matches tied}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|NR|No result}}<br /> ! width=50 |Win %<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||rowspan=2|Quarter-final||5/9||1||0||1||0||0||0.00<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|KEN}} [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]||7/11||1||0||1||0||0||0.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SRI}} [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]||Pool stage||6/12||2||1||1||0||0||50.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||Runners-up||2/12||4||3||1||0||0||75.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]||Pool stage||7/10||3||1||2||0||0||33.33<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966<br /> |{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]||Semi-final||4/8||4||2||2||0||0||50.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]||Runners-up||2/8||5||3||2||0||0||60.00<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cc9966&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;border:2px solid red&quot;|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]||Semi-final||3/8||4||3||1||0||0||75.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{Flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|UAE}} [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]||Pool Stage||8/8||3||0||3||0||0||0.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|India}} [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]||colspan=&quot;8&quot;|''TBD''<br /> |-<br /> !Total||0 titles||9/9||27||13||14||0||0||48.15<br /> |}<br /> :''*The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.''<br /> <br /> ===Other tournaments===<br /> ====Summer Olympics====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=9|[[Cricket at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] record<br /> |-<br /> ! width=200 |Year<br /> ! width=150 |Round<br /> ! width=50 |Position<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|W|Matches won}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|L|Matches lost}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|T|Matches tied}}<br /> ! width=50 |{{Tooltip|NR|No result}}<br /> ! width=50 |Win %<br /> |- style=&quot;background:Gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics|1900]]||'''Champions'''||1/2||1||1||0||0||0||100.00<br /> |-<br /> ! |Total||1 title||1/1||1||1||0||0||0||100.00<br /> |}<br /> : ''*The Summer Olympics Gold medal was won by the Devon and Somerset Wanderers representing Great Britain.''<br /> :''*The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.''<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> ===ICC===<br /> '''Titles'''<br /> *'''[[ICC Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]'''<br /> **'''Champions (1):''' [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]<br /> **'''Runners-up (3):''' [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]], [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]<br /> *'''[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]]'''<br /> **'''Champions (2):''' [[2010 World Twenty20|2010]], [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]<br /> **'''Runners-up (1):''' [[2016 T20 World Cup|2016]]<br /> *'''[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]'''<br /> **'''Runners-up (2):''' [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]<br /> <br /> ==Records==<br /> {{main|England cricket team record by opponent}}<br /> <br /> ===Test matches===<br /> {{Main|List of England Test cricket records}}<br /> <br /> ====Test record versus other nations====<br /> {{#section-h:List of England Test cricket records|Team wins, losses and draws}}<br /> <br /> ====Test team records====<br /> *Highest team total: '''903–7 dec.''' v. [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] at [[The Oval]] in 1938&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-highest-innings-totals/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Highest totals by England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Lowest team total: '''45''' v. Australia at [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Sydney]] in 1886/87&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-lowest-innings-totals/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Lowest totals by England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *England are the only team in the history of Test cricket to have secured 100 victories by an innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharath |date=2015-08-11 |title=Analysis of England's 100 Test wins by an innings |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/analysis-of-englands-100-test-wins-by-an-innings-316339 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Cricket Country |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Test individual records====<br /> *Most matches: '''188 Tests'''&amp;nbsp;– [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/england/engine/records/individual/most_matches_career.html?class=1;id=1;type=team |title=Most Test matches playing for England |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222090717/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/england/engine/records/individual/most_matches_career.html?class=1%3Bid%3D1%3Btype%3Dteam |archive-date=22 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Longest-serving captain: '''64 Tests'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Joe Root]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-most-matches-as-captain/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most matches as captain for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Test batting records====<br /> [[File:Joe root.jpg|thumb|right|Joe Root, England's all-time leading run scorer in both Tests and ODIs]]<br /> *Most runs: '''13,943'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;team=1;template=results;type=batting|title=Most Runs for England|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222090016/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1%3Bteam%3D1%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbatting|archive-date=22 December 2011|url-status=live}} Retrieved on 9 December 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''60.73'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Herbert Sutcliffe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=1;id=1;type=team|title=Highest Batting Averages|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 9 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116193617/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=1;id=1;type=team|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}} Retrieved on 11 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Highest individual score: '''364'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Len Hutton]] v. Australia at [[The Oval]] in 1938&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-innings/england-1/test-matches-1|title=High scores for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Record partnership: '''454'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root and [[Harry Brook]] v. [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] at [[Multan Cricket Stadium|Multan]] in 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fow-highest-partnerships-by-wicket/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Highest partnerships for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most centuries: '''41'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-hundreds-career/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most hundreds for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most double centuries: '''7'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Wally Hammond]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-double-hundreds-career/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most double hundreds in a career for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most ducks: '''39'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Stuart Broad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/england/engine/records/batting/most_ducks_career.html?class=1;id=1;type=team |title=Most ducks for England |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Test bowling records====<br /> [[File:JIMMY ANDERSON.jpg|thumb|upright|James Anderson, England's all-time leading wicket taker in both Tests and ODIs]]<br /> *Most wickets: '''704'''&amp;nbsp;– James Anderson&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-most-wickets-career/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most wickets for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''10.75'''&amp;nbsp;– [[George Lohmann]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-bowling-average/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Best averages for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best innings bowling: '''10/53'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Jim Laker]] v. Australia at Old Trafford in 1956&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-figures-innings/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Best bowling figures in an innings for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best match bowling: '''19/90'''&amp;nbsp;– Jim Laker v. Australia at Old Trafford in 1956&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-figures-match/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Best bowling figures in a match for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best [[strike rate]]: '''34.1'''&amp;nbsp;– George Lohmann&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-strike-rate/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Best strike rates for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best economy rate: '''1.31'''&amp;nbsp;– [[William Attewell]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-economy-rate/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Best economy rates for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Five England bowlers have taken four wickets in an over, three of these at Headingley. They were [[Maurice Allom]] v. New Zealand at Christchurch in 1929–30, [[Kenneth Cranston]] v. South Africa at Headingley in 1947, [[Fred Titmus]] v. New Zealand at Headingley in 1965, [[Chris Old]] v. Pakistan at Edgbaston in 1978 and [[Andy Caddick]] v. West Indies at Headingley in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/18/when-andy-caddick-took-four-test-wickets-for-england-in-a-single-over-the-spin-cricket|title=When Andy Caddick took four Test wickets for England in a single over|work=The Guardian |date=18 August 2020 |last1=Burnton |first1=Simon }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Test fielding records====<br /> *Most catches by an outfielder: '''216'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fielding-most-catches-career/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most catches for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals as wicketkeeper: '''269'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Alan Knott]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-career/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most dismissals for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals in an innings: '''7'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Bob Taylor (cricketer)|Bob Taylor]] v. [[India national cricket team|India]] at [[Wankhede Stadium|Bombay]] in 1979/80&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-innings/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most dismissals in an innings for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals in a match: '''11'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Jack Russell (cricketer and artist)|Jack Russell]] v. [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] at [[Wanderers Stadium|Johannesburg]] in 1995/96&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-match/england-1/test-matches-1|title=Most dismissals in a match for England in Tests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===One Day Internationals===<br /> {{Main|List of England One Day International cricket records}}<br /> <br /> ====ODI record versus other nations====<br /> {{#section-h:List of England One Day International cricket records|Team wins, losses, draws and ties}}<br /> <br /> ====ODI team records====<br /> *Highest team total: '''498/4''' (50 overs) v. [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] at [[VRA Cricket Ground]] in 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jun/17/jos-buttler-unleashes-mayhem-against-dutch-as-england-smash-odi-record|title=Jos Buttler unleashes mayhem against Dutch as England smash ODI record|work=The Guardian |date=17 June 2022 |last1=Aldred |first1=Tanya }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Lowest team total: '''86''' (32.4 overs) v. [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] at Old Trafford in 2001&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/natwest-series-2001-61088/england-vs-australia-5th-match-66278/full-scorecard|title=5th match ENG v AUS, Manchester, June 14, 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====ODI individual records====<br /> *Most matches: '''225'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Eoin Morgan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-most-matches-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most matches for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Longest-serving captain: '''126 matches'''&amp;nbsp;– Eoin Morgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_as_captain.html?class=2;id=1;type=team|title=Records / England / One-Day Internationals / Most matches as captain|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====ODI batting records====<br /> [[File:Eoin Morgan 1.jpg|thumb|right|Eoin Morgan, England's most-capped player in ODIs]]<br /> *Most runs: '''7,577'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most runs for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''55.76'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Dawid Malan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-highest-career-batting-average/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Highest averages for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best strike rate: '''115.2'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Jos Buttler]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-highest-career-strike-rate/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Highest strike rates for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Highest individual score: '''182'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Ben Stokes]] v. New Zealand at [[The Oval]], [[London]] in 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-innings/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=High scores for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Record partnership: '''256*'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Alex Hales]] and Jason Roy v. [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]] in 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fow-highest-partnerships-by-wicket/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Highest partnerships for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most centuries: '''20'''&amp;nbsp;– Joe Root&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-hundreds-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most hundreds for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most ducks: '''15'''&amp;nbsp;– Eoin Morgan &amp; Jos Buttler&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-ducks-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most ducks for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====ODI bowling records====<br /> *Most wickets: '''269'''&amp;nbsp;– [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-most-wickets-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most wickets for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''23.61'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Andrew Flintoff]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-bowling-average/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Best averages for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best bowling: '''6/31'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Paul Collingwood]] v. [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] at Trent Bridge in 2005&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-figures-match/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Best bowling figures in a match for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best strike rate: '''30.6'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Liam Plunkett]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-strike-rate/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Best strike rates for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best economy rate: '''3.28'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Bob Willis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-economy-rate/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Best economy rates for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====ODI fielding records====<br /> *Most catches by an outfielder: '''108'''&amp;nbsp;– Paul Collingwood&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fielding-most-catches-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most catches for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals as wicketkeeper: '''271'''&amp;nbsp;– Jos Buttler&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-career/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most dismissals for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals in a match: '''6'''&amp;nbsp;– Alec Stewart v. [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] at Old Trafford in 2000; [[Matt Prior]] v. [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] at Trent Bridge in 2008; Jos Buttler v. South Africa at The Oval in 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-match/england-1/one-day-internationals-2|title=Most dismissals in a match for England in ODIs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===T20 Internationals===<br /> {{Main|List of England Twenty20 International cricket records}}<br /> <br /> ====T20I record versus other nations====<br /> {{#section-h:List of England Twenty20 International cricket records|Team results by opposition}}<br /> <br /> ====T20I team records====<br /> *Highest team total: '''267/3''' v. [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] at [[Brian Lara Cricket Academy]] in 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-highest-innings-totals/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Highest totals by England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Lowest team total: '''80''' v. [[India national cricket team|India]] at [[R. Premadasa Stadium|Colombo (RPS)]] in 2012&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-lowest-innings-totals/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Lowest totals by England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====T20I individual records====<br /> *Most matches: '''153'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Jos Buttler]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-most-matches-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most matches for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Longest-serving captain: '''72 matches'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Eoin Morgan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-most-matches-as-captain/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most matches as captain for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====T20I batting records==== &lt;!--These records use same criteria as in main article--&gt;<br /> [[File:Jos Buttler 2017.jpg|thumb|right|Jos Buttler, England's all-time leading run scorer in T20Is]]<br /> *Most runs: '''4,012'''&amp;nbsp;– Jos Buttler&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most runs for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''37.9'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Kevin Pietersen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-highest-career-batting-average/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Highest averages for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best strike rate: '''166.3'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Phil Salt]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-highest-career-strike-rate/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Highest strike rates for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Highest individual score: '''141*'''&amp;nbsp;– Phil Salt v. [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] at [[Brian Lara Cricket Academy|Tarouba]] in 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-innings/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=High scores for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Record partnership: '''182'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Dawid Malan]] and Eoin Morgan v. [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at [[McLean Park]] in 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fow-highest-partnerships-for-any-wicket/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Highest partnerships for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most centuries: '''4'''&amp;nbsp;– Phil Salt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-hundreds-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most hundreds for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most ducks: '''9'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Luke Wright]], [[Moeen Ali]] and Jos Buttler&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-ducks-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most ducks for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====T20I bowling records====<br /> *Most wickets: '''159'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Adil Rashid]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-most-wickets-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most wickets for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best average: '''16.8'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Graeme Swann]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-bowling-average/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Best averages for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best bowling: '''5/10'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Sam Curran]] v. [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] at [[Perth Stadium|Perth]] in 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-figures-innings/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Best bowling figures in an innings for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best strike rate: '''14.4'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-strike-rate/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Best strike rates for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Best economy rate: '''6.4'''&amp;nbsp;– Graeme Swann&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/bowling-best-career-economy-rate/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Best economy rates for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====T20I fielding records====<br /> *Most catches by an outfielder: '''48'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fielding-most-catches-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most catches for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals as wicket-keeper: '''95'''&amp;nbsp;– Jos Buttler {{efn|Some sources list Butler with 96 dismissals as keeper}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-career/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most dismissals for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most dismissals in an innings: '''4'''&amp;nbsp;– [[Matt Prior]] v. South Africa at [[Newlands Cricket Ground|Cape Town]] in 2007&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-innings/england-1/twenty20-internationals-3|title=Most dismissals in an innings for England in T20Is}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Jofra Archer also has 4 catches as a fielder, dunno if that should be listed, and if so separately or here--&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Most England appearances===<br /> {{Main|List of England Test cricketers|List of England ODI cricketers|List of England Twenty20 International cricketers}}<br /> <br /> These lists show the five players (or those tied for fifth) with the most appearances for England in each form of the game. The lists are correct up to match starting on 24 February 2026.<br /> <br /> * '''†''' = players who are available for selection and have represented England in the format during the past 12 months.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:275px; margin:1em auto 1em auto&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Most Test caps&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=England Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats: Most Test matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-most-matches-career/england-1/test-matches-1 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | '''188''' || [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''167''' || [[Stuart Broad]] <br /> |-<br /> | '''163''' || [[Joe Root]] †<br /> |-<br /> | '''161''' || [[Alastair Cook]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''133''' || [[Alec Stewart]]<br /> |}<br /> |style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:275px; margin:1em auto 1em auto&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Most ODI caps&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=England Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats: Most One-Day International matches |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_career.html?class=2;id=1;type=team |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | '''225''' || [[Eoin Morgan]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''199''' || [[Jos Buttler]] †<br /> |-<br /> | '''197''' || [[Paul Collingwood]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''194''' || [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''189''' || [[Joe Root]] †<br /> |}<br /> |style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:275px; margin:1em auto 1em auto&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Most T20I caps&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=England Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats: Most Twenty20 International matches |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_career.html?class=3;id=1;type=team |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | '''153''' || [[Jos Buttler]] †<br /> |-<br /> | '''143''' || [[Adil Rashid]] †<br /> |-<br /> | '''115''' || [[Eoin Morgan]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''95''' || [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]<br /> |-<br /> | '''92''' || [[Moeen Ali]]<br /> |}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Eligibility of players==<br /> The England cricket team represents England and Wales. However, under [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] regulations,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/523af0cd4a1db-Player%20Eligibility%20Rules%20-%20effective%2018%20September%202013.pdf|title=The International Cricket Council Player Eligibility Regulations|date=18 September 2013|access-date=22 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721114235/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/523af0cd4a1db-Player%20Eligibility%20Rules%20-%20effective%2018%20September%202013.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; players can qualify to play for a country by nationality, place of birth or residence, so (as with any national sports team) some people are eligible to play for more than one team. [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] regulations&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ecb/document/2018/03/18/3c8ad1be-06f8-468a-86a3-96e20f2fe00b/FCC_KSL_RegistrationRegs_2018.pdf |title=Regulations Governing the Qualification and Registration of Cricketers |publisher=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=25 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; state that to play for England, a player must be a [[British citizenship|British citizen]], and have either been born in England or Wales, or have lived in England or Wales for three years. This has led to players who also held other nationalities becoming eligible to play for England. The qualification period for those born outside England and Wales has varied in the past, but in November 2018 the ECB announced that the period would be reduced to three years in all circumstances, in line with ICC regulations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Jofra Archer could play for England at World Cup after ECB amend eligibility rules |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jofra-archer-could-play-for-england-at-world-cup-after-ecb-amend-eligibility-rules-1167447 |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129160629/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25407156/jofra-archer-play-england-world-cup-ecb-amend-eligibility-rules |archive-date=29 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Of the current squad (see above), [[Brydon Carse]] was born in South Africa so had to fulfil residency requirements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=The who's who of South Africa's Kolpak brigade |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23129936/the-south-africa-kolpak-brigade |website=ESPNcricinfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706164321/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23129936/the-south-africa-kolpak-brigade|archive-date=6 July 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] and [[Ben Stokes]] have British citizenship, having lived in England since their youth. [[Jofra Archer]], though born in Barbados to a Barbadian mother, qualifies through his English father.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/nov/29/jofra-archer-available-england-ecb-eligbility-rules-cricket|title=England accused of poaching after rule change boosts Jofra Archer prospects|work=The Guardian |date=29 November 2018 |last1=Martin |first1=Ali |last2=Martin |first2=Exclusive by Ali }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jacob Bethell]] was also born in Barbados and moved to England as a teenager to attend [[Rugby School]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Dobell |first=George |date=6 January 2021 |title=Warwickshire teenager signs first professional contract as Caribbean talent drain continues |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/warwickshire-teenager-signs-first-professional-contract-as-caribbean-talent-drain-continues-1246694 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ICC regulations also allow cricketers who represent [[List of International Cricket Council members#Top Associate/Affiliate Members|associate]] (i.e. non-Test-playing) nations to switch to a Test-playing nation, provided nationality requirements are fulfilled. In recent years, this has seen Irish internationals [[Ed Joyce]], [[Boyd Rankin]] and [[Eoin Morgan]] switch to represent England (before Ireland were promoted to full member status in 2018), whilst [[Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)|Gavin Hamilton]] previously played for Scotland&amp;nbsp;– though Joyce, Rankin and Hamilton were later able to re-qualify for and represent the countries of their birth.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/wt202009/content/current/story/398710.html |title=Ireland frustration at Morgan call |author=Will Luke |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=7 April 2009 |access-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410065920/http://content.cricinfo.com/wt202009/content/current/story/398710.html |archive-date=10 April 2009 |url-status=live }} Retrieved on 9 April 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ireland/content/story/460770.html|title=Ed Joyce hopes for early Ireland switch|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|author=Staff|date=24 May 2010|access-date=9 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{portal bar|Cricket}}<br /> * [[List of England cricket captains]]<br /> * [[List of England cricket team coaches]]<br /> * [[List of England Test cricketers]]<br /> * [[List of England ODI cricketers]]<br /> * [[List of England Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> * {{cite book |last=Waghorn|first=H. T.|author-link=H. T. Waghorn |title=Cricket Scores, Notes, etc. (1730–1773) |year=1899 |publisher=Blackwood}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * {{official website}}<br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{Succession box<br /> | title = [[Test cricket|Test match playing teams]]<br /> | years = 15 March 1877&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Jointly with [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | before = None<br /> | after = [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]]<br /> }}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> {{England cricket team}}<br /> {{Navboxes|<br /> |titlestyle=background:#012169; color:white;<br /> |list=<br /> {{Navboxes<br /> | title = Titles<br /> | bg = gold<br /> | list1 =<br /> {{ICC Cricket World Cup winners}}<br /> {{ICC World Twenty20 winners}}<br /> }}<br /> {{National cricket teams}}<br /> {{Cricket in England}}<br /> {{International cricket tours of England}}<br /> {{Cricket in the British Isles}}<br /> {{national sports teams of England}}<br /> {{national sports teams of Wales}}<br /> {{National cricket teams}}<br /> }}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:England Cricket Team}}<br /> [[Category:1877 establishments in the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Cricket in England]]<br /> [[Category:Cricket in Wales]]<br /> [[Category:England and Wales]]<br /> [[Category:England in international cricket|*]]<br /> [[Category:National cricket teams]]<br /> [[Category:Sports organisations of England]]<br /> [[Category:Wales in international cricket]]<br /> [[Category:Men's national sports teams of England|C]]<br /> [[Category:Men's national sports teams of Wales|C]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Hindu_temples_in_India&diff=464425 2026-03-25T16:40:16Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: added details per sources and improved wording per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Hinduism in India}}<br /> This is a list of '''major [[Hindu temple]]s in [[India]]''', by [[States and territories of India|state]].<br /> <br /> This is a dynamic list. For example, [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (self-described as &quot;the world's richest temple trust&quot;) has an ongoing campaign to build a replica of the iconic [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Lord Venkateswara Swamy temple]] in [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]] in every Indian state and [[union territory]] that does not yet have one. The trust has developed 58 temples since 1933, mostly in the South Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[Telangana]]. It most recently opened a temple in [[Jammu]] in June 2023. It also plans to construct &quot;smaller temples in remote and backward villages in South Indian states.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-richest-temple-trust-plans-tirupati-temples-in-all-states/articleshow/101247038.cms?from=mdr |title=India's richest temple trust plans Tirupati temples in all states |author=Sandeep Raghavan |date=June 25, 2023 |publisher=[[Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Andhra Pradesh ==<br /> [[File:Tirumala Venkateswara temple entrance 09062015.JPG|thumb|[[Venkateswara Temple]], Tirumala Tirupati]]<br /> [[File:Simhachalam-temple-2 big.jpg|thumb|[[Simhachalam Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Kanakadurga Temple gopuram.jpg|thumb|[[Kanaka Durga Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Srisailam.jpg|thumb|upright|Golden Vimana of [[Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam|Srisailam Temple]]]]<br /> There are around 4,000 large temples in Andhra Pradesh state<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Ahobilam]]<br /> * [[Alipiri]]<br /> * [[Amararama]]<br /> * [[Satyanarayana Temple, Annavaram|Annavaram]]<br /> * [[Bhavanarayana Temple, Sarpavaram]]<br /> * [[Bugga Ramalingeswara temple|Bugga Ramalingeswara Swamy Temple]], [[Tadipatri]]<br /> * [[Chintalarayaswami Temple]]<br /> * [[Draksharama]]<br /> * [[Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati]]<br /> * [[Jogulamba Temple, Alampur]] <br /> * [[Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Narayanavanam]]<br /> * [[Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Srinivasamangapuram]]<br /> * [[Kanaka Durga Temple]], [[Vijayawada]]<br /> * [[Kapila Theertham]]<br /> * [[Kodandarama Temple, Tirupati]]<br /> * [[Konetirayala Temple, Keelapatla]]<br /> * [[Kotappakonda]]<br /> * [[Ksheerarama]]<br /> * [[Kulandeshwara Temple]]<br /> * [[Kumararama]]<br /> * [[Kurmanathaswamy temple, Srikurmam]] <br /> * [[Lakshmi Narasimha swamy temple, Penna Ahobilam|Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Penna Ahobilam]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Antarvedi ]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Mangalagiri]]<br /> * [[Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam]]<br /> * [[Mantralayam]]<br /> * [[Markapur|Chennakesava Swamy Temple, Markapur]]<br /> * [[Mukhalingam|Sri Mukhalingam, Srikakulam]]<br /> * [[Padmavathi Temple]]<br /> * [[Pallikondeswara Temple, Surutupalle]]<br /> * [[Prasanna Venkateswara Temple, Appalayagunta]]<br /> * [[Siddeswara kshetram]]<br /> * [[Siddheswara Swamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Somarama]]<br /> * [[Sri Sunama Jakini Matha]], [[Gooty]], [[Anantapur]]amu<br /> * [[Srikalahasteeswara temple|Srikalahasteeswara Temple]]<br /> * [[Srungara Vallabha Swamy Temple|Srungara Vallabha Swamy Temple, Tholi Tirupati]]<br /> * [[Suryanarayana Temple, Arasavalli]]<br /> * [[Suryanarayana Temple, Gollala Mamidada]]<br /> * [[Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam|Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Simhachalam]]<br /> * [[Varahaswamy Temple, Tirumala]]<br /> * [[Vedadri Narasimha Temple]], [[Vedadri]] <br /> * [[Vedanarayana Temple, Nagalapuram]]<br /> * [[Veerabhadra Temple, Lepakshi]]<br /> * [[Veeranjaneya Temple, Ardhagiri]]<br /> * [[Venkateswara Temple, Dwaraka Tirumala]]<br /> * [[Venkateswara Temple]], [[Tirumala]]<br /> * [[Vinayaka Temple, Kanipakam]]<br /> * [[Yaganti temple|Sri Yaganti Uma Maheswara Temple]], [[Yaganti]] <br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> == Arunachal Pradesh ==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Parshuram Kund]]<br /> * [[Rangnuwk hum]]<br /> <br /> ==Assam==<br /> [[File:Temple of Kamakhya.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kamakhya Temple]] in Guwahati]]<br /> [[File:Siva Dol.JPG|thumb|[[Sivadol]] in Sivasagar]]<br /> {{See also|List of temples in Guwahati}}<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Bhairabi Temple]], near [[Tezpur]]<br /> * [[Dah Parvatiya]]<br /> * [[Deopani Durga Mandir]], [[Karbi Anglong district]]<br /> * [[Dhekiakhowa Bornamghar]]<br /> * [[Dirgheshwari temple]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Doul Govinda Temple]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Hatimura Temple]], [[Silghat]]<br /> * [[Hayagriva Madhava Temple]], [[Hajo (India)|Hajo]]<br /> * [[Kamakhya Temple]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Ketakeshwar Dewal]], [[Tezpur]]<br /> * [[Madhab Than]]<br /> * [[Mahabhairav Temple]], [[Tezpur]]<br /> * [[Mahamaya Dham]], [[Dhubri district]]<br /> * [[Malinithan]]<br /> * [[Navagraha temples]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Negheriting Shiva Doul]], [[Dergaon]]<br /> * [[Rangnath Dol]]<br /> * [[Rudreswar Temple]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Sivasagar Sivadol]]<br /> * [[Sukreswar Temple]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> * [[Tamreswari Temple]]<br /> * [[Ugratara Devalaya]], [[Guwahati]]<br /> <br /> ==Bihar==<br /> [[File:Maa Mundeshwari Devi.jpg|thumb|[[Mundeshwari Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Vishnupadh Temple.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Vishnupad Mandir]] ]]<br /> [[File:Parasmanidham Ariel View.png|thumb|[[Parasmaninath Temple]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> *[[Aami Mandir]]<br /> *[[Baba Mukteshwar Dham|Baba Mukteshwarnath Dham, Deohar]]<br /> *[[Baba Garib Sthan Mandir]]<br /> *[[Bari Sangat Bihar]]<br /> *[[Budhi Mai]]<br /> * [[Budhanath Temple|Budhanath Temple, Bhagalpur]]<br /> *[[Maa Tara Chandi Temple]]<br /> *[[Chandika Sthan|Chandika Sthan, Munger]]<br /> *[[ISKCON Temple Patna]]<br /> *[[Kapileshwar Temple, Bihar|Kapileshwar Temple]]<br /> *[[Khudneshwar Asthan Morwa]]<br /> *[[Lal Keshwar Shiv Temple]], Bagmusha, Hajipur<br /> *[[Mahavir Temple|Mahavir Hanuman Temple]], [[Patna]]<br /> *[[Mangla Gauri Temple]]<br /> *[[Mittheswarnath Shiv Temple|Mittheswarnath Shiv Temple, Darbhanga District]]<br /> *[[Mundeshwari Temple]]<br /> *[[Pataleshwar Mandir|Pataleshwar Mandir, Hajipur]]<br /> *[[Maharani Sthan|Maharani sthan]], Barhiya<br /> *[[Patan Devi]]<br /> *[[Parasmaninath Temple]]<br /> *[[Ramchaura Mandir|Ramchaura Mandir, Hajipur]]<br /> *[[Kahalgaon|Shanti Baba Temple, Bhagalpur]] <br /> *[[Shitla Mata Temple, Patna]]<br /> *[[Shri Adinath Akhara]]<br /> *[[Sita Kund]]<br /> *[[Thawe Mandir]]<br /> *[[Ugna Mahadev, Bhawanipur]]<br /> *[[Viraat Ramayan Mandir]]<br /> *[[Vishnudham Mandir]]<br /> *[[Vishnupad Temple]], Gaya<br /> <br /> ==Chandigarh==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Chandi Mandir]]<br /> <br /> ==Chhattisgarh==<br /> [[File:Bhoramdeo Temple, Kawardha.jpg|thumb|[[Bhoramdeo Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Laxman temple at sirpur,chhattisgarh,india.JPG|thumb|[[Sirpur Group of Monuments|Laxman Temple, Sirpur]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;* [[Ashtabhuji Temple]]<br /> * [[Bambleshwari Temple]], [[Dongargarh]]<br /> * [[Barfani Dham]]<br /> * [[Bhoramdeo Temple]], Kawardha<br /> * [[Danteshwari Temple]], [[Dantewada]]<br /> * [[Dudhadhari temple|Dudhadhari Temple]]<br /> * [[Ganga Maiya]]<br /> * [[Kudargarh|Maa Bagheshwari Devi Temple]], Kudargarh, [[Surajpur, Chhattisgarh|Surajpur]]<br /> * [[Sirpur Group of Monuments|Laxman Temple, Sirpur]]<br /> * [[Maa Pitambara (Bagalamukhi) Temple]] - Amleshwar<br /> * [[Mahadev Temple, Deobaloda]] - Deobaloda, Durg<br /> * [[Mahamaya Temple]], Ambikapur, [[Surguja]]<br /> * [[Mahamaya Temple]], Ratanpur, [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]<br /> * [[Mata Kaushalya Temple]]<br /> * [[Rajim|Rajiv lochan Vishnu temple, Rajim]]<br /> * [[Sarvamangla]], Korba<br /> <br /> ==Delhi==<br /> [[File:Akshardham Lotus.jpg|thumb|[[Akshardham (Delhi)|Akshardham]] ]]<br /> [[File:Laxminarayan Temple in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|thumb|[[Laxminarayan Temple|Laxminarayan Birla Temple]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Chhatarpur Temple]]<br /> * [[Chittaranjan Park Kali Mandir]]<br /> * [[Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place]]<br /> * [[ISKCON Temple, Delhi]]<br /> * [[Jhandewalan Temple]]<br /> * [[Kalka Mandir]]<br /> * [[New Delhi Kali Bari]]<br /> * [[Nili Chhatri]]<br /> * [[Shani Dham Temple]]<br /> * [[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi)|Swaminarayan Akshardham]]<br /> * [[Uttara Guruvayurappan Temple]]<br /> * [[Uttara Swami Malai Temple]]<br /> * [[Yogmaya Temple, New Delhi|Yogmaya Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Goa==<br /> {{Main|List of temples in Goa}}<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla]]<br /> * [[Mandodari Temple, Betki]]<br /> * [[Shri Damodar Sansthaan, Goa|Shri Damodar Temple]], [[Zambaulim]]<br /> <br /> ==Gujarat==<br /> [[File:Dwarkadheesh temple.jpg|thumb|[[Dwarkadhish Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Damodar Kund - Junagadh - Gujarat - DSC001.jpg|thumb|[[Radha Damodar Temple, Junagadh]]]]<br /> [[File:Somnath-current.jpg|thumb|[[Somnath temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Sun Temple, Modhera 06.jpg|thumb|[[Sun Temple, Modhera]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Ahmedabad Kali Bari]]<br /> * [[Bahuchara Mata]]<br /> * [[Becharaji]]<br /> * [[Bhalka]]<br /> * [[Bhavnath Temple, Mau]]<br /> * [[Bhavnath]]<br /> * [[Camp Hanuman Temple]]<br /> * [[Chotila]]<br /> * [[Dwarkadhish Temple]]<br /> * [[EME Temple]]<br /> * [[Girnar]]<br /> * [[Gorthiya Mahadev Temple]]<br /> * [[Hanuman temple, Salangpur]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad]]<br /> * [[Kalika Mata Temple, Pavagadh]]<br /> * [[Nageshvara Jyotirlinga]]<br /> * [[Navlakha temple]], [[Ghumli]]<br /> * [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar]]<br /> * [[New Swaminarayan temple, Bhuj]]<br /> * [[Radha Damodar Temple, Junagadh]]<br /> * [[Rudra Mahalaya Temple]]<br /> * [[Rukmini Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Sadhimataji temple]]<br /> * [[Santram Mandir]]<br /> * [[Shamlaji]]<br /> * [[Shiva temple, Kera]]<br /> * [[Shri Keshavraiji Temple, Bet Dwarka]]<br /> * [[Someshwar Mahadev Temple]]<br /> * [[Somnath temple]]<br /> * [[Sun Temple, Modhera]]<br /> * [[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)]]<br /> * [[Swaminarayan Mandir, Gadhada]] <br /> * [[Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad]]<br /> * [[Umiya Mata Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Haryana==<br /> [[File:A temple in Mansa Devi temple complex, Panchkula near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|upright|Patiala temple inside [[Mata Mansa Devi Mandir|Mansa Devi Mandir]] complex ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Agroha Dham]]<br /> * [[Bhuteshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Brahma Sarovar]], [[Kurukshetra]]<br /> * [[Jyotisar]], [[Kurukshetra]]<br /> * [[Kartikeya Temple, Pehowa]]<br /> * [[Mata Mansa Devi Mandir]]<br /> * [[Pindara Temple]]<br /> * [[Sannihit Sarovar]], [[Kurukshetra]]<br /> * [[Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Himachal Pradesh==<br /> [[File:Naina Devi, Himachal Pardesh (10).jpg|thumb|[[Naina Devi]], [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilsapur]], one of the five ''[[Shakta pithas|Shaktipeethas]]'' in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[File:Shikari Devi Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Shikari Devi Temple]], world's sole roofless temple in [[Karsog]], [[Mandi district]]]]<br /> [[File:Kalibari Shimla.jpg|thumb|[[Kali Bari, Shimla|Kali Bari Temple]] in [[Shimla]], after which Shimla is named]]<br /> [[File:Jwalamukhi temple,kangra, himachal pradesh..JPG|thumb|[[Jwalamukhi temple, Himachal Pradesh|Jwalamukhi Temple]] in [[Kangra district|Kangra]], one of the five ''[[Shakta pithas|Shaktipeethas]]'' in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[File:0051223 Vajreshwari Devi Mandir, Kangra Himachal Pradesh 011.jpg|thumb|[[Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Kangra|Bajreshwari Temple]], one of the five ''[[Shakta pithas|Shaktipeethas]]'' in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[File:Jakhoo Mandir drone view.jpg|thumb|[[Jakhu Temple]], [[Shimla]]]]<br /> [[File:Hidimba Devi Temple - North-east View - Manali 2014-05-11 2648-2649.TIF|thumb|[[Hidimba Devi Temple]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Aadi Himani Chamunda]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Baba Balak Nath]]<br /> * [[Bagalamukhi Temple, Bankhandi, HP|Baglamukhi Temple, Bankhandi]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Baijnath Temple]], [[Baijnath, Himachal Pradesh|Baijnath]]<br /> * [[Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Kangra|Bajreshwari Mata Temple]], Nagarkot, [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> * [[Banni Mata Temple]], [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Bathu Temples]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Bhalei Mata Temple]], [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Bhimakali Temple|Bhimakali Mandir]], [[Sarahan]], [[Shimla district|Shimla]]<br /> * [[Bijli Mahadev]], [[Kullu]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> * [[Chaurasi Temple Bharmour|Chaurasi Temple]], [[Bharmour]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Chintpurni|Chintpurni Mandir]], [[Una district|Una]]<br /> * [[Dhingu Mata Temple]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Hatkoti|Hatkoti Mandir]], [[Rohru]], [[Shimla district|Shimla]]<br /> * [[Hidimba Devi Temple]], [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]<br /> * [[Jakhu Temple]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Jwalamukhi temple, Himachal Pradesh|Jwala Ji]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Kali Bari, Shimla|Kali Bari]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Kamna Devi Temple]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Kamaksha Temple]], [[Jaidevi]], [[Mandi district|Mandi]]<br /> * [[Lakshana Devi Temple, Bharmour|Lakshna Devi Temple]], [[Bharmour]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Maa Bhangayani Temple, Haripurdhar|Maa Bhangayani Temple]], [[Haripurdhar]], [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]<br /> * [[Maa Simsa Temple]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Mamaleshwar Mahadev|Mamleshwar Mahadev]], [[Karsog]], [[Mandi district|Mandi]]<br /> * [[Manikaran]], [[Kullu district|Kullu]]<br /> * [[Manimahesh Kailash Peak]], [[Chamba District|Chamba, Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> * [[Masrur Temples]], [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Mata Kuan Rani Temple]], [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]<br /> * [[Mindhal Mata Temple]], [[Pangi Valley|Pangi valley]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Naina Devi]], [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]<br /> * [[Pohlani Mata Temple]], [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]]<br /> * [[Raghunath Temple]], [[Kullu]]<br /> * [[Renuka Ji]], [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]<br /> * [[Sankat Mochan Temple, Shimla|Sankat Mochan Temple]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Shali Mata Temple]], [[Shimla district|Shimla]]<br /> * [[Shandilya Rishi Mandir]], Shalin village<br /> * [[Shikari Devi Temple]], [[Karsog]], [[Mandi district|Mandi]]<br /> * [[Maa Shoolini|Shoolini Devi]], [[Solan]]<br /> * [[Shri Chamunda Devi Mandir]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> * [[Shri Mahaveer Hanuman Mandir Khushala]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Tara Devi Temple]], [[Shimla]]<br /> * [[Trilokinath Temple at Tunde|Triloknath Temple]], [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]]<br /> * [[Trilokinath Temple, Mandi|Triloknath Temple]], [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]<br /> * [[Trilokpur temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Jammu and Kashmir==<br /> [[File:Lord Amarnath.jpg|thumb|Ice Lingam at [[Amarnath Temple|Amarnath Cave]]]]<br /> [[File:Mata Vaishno Devi Bhawan, Jammu. India.jpg|thumb|[[Vaishno Devi Temple]]]]<br /> <br /> ===Jammu Division===<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Raghunath Temple|Raghunath Mandir]], [[Jammu]]<br /> * [[Vaishno Devi Temple]], [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]]<br /> <br /> ===Kashmir Division===<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Amarnath Temple|Amarnath Cave Temple]], [[Anantnag]]<br /> * [[Hari Parbat]], [[Srinagar]]<br /> * [[Kheer Bhawani Temple ]], [[Ganderbal]]<br /> * [[Khrew]], [[Pulwama]]<br /> * [[Martand Sun Temple]], [[Anantnag]]<br /> * [[Shankaracharya Temple]], [[Srinagar]]<br /> <br /> ==Jharkhand==<br /> [[File:Baba Dham.jpg|thumb|[[Baidyanath Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Maa Dewri Mandir.jpg|thumb|[[Maa Dewri Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Jaganath Temple, Ranchi.jpg|thumb|[[Jagannath Temple, Ranchi|Jagannath hill Temple]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Baidyanath Temple]], [[Deoghar]]<br /> * [[Basukinath Temple|Basukinath Temple, Dumka]]<br /> * [[Bindudham]]<br /> * [[Chhinnamasta Temple]], [[Rajrappa]]<br /> * [[Gayatri Gyan Mandir, Mahuda|Gayatri Gyan Temple]]<br /> * [[Harihar Dham]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Ranchi|Jagannath Temple]]<br /> * [[Karneshwar Dham]]<br /> * [[Maa Dewri Temple]]<br /> * [[Maluti temples]]<br /> * [[Nagar Untari|Shree Banshidhar Radhika Ji Mandir]]<br /> * [[Sri Sri Kalika Maharani Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Karnataka==<br /> [[File:Shiva Statue Murdeshwara Temple.jpg|thumb|upright|121 feet tall statue of [[Shiva]] at [[Murudeshwara]] ]]<br /> [[File:Durga Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Durga temple, Aihole|Durga temple]], [[Aihole]] ]] <br /> [[File:ISKCON Banglaore Temple.jpg|thumb|[[ISKCON Temple, Bengaluru]]]]<br /> [[File:Hampi Virupaksha temple.JPG|thumb|[[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha temple]], Hampi]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Aihole]] <br /> * [[Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura]], at Amrutapura near [[Chikmagalur]]<br /> * [[Annapoorneshwari Temple]], [[Horanadu]]<br /> * [[Badami cave temples]]<br /> * [[Badami]]<br /> * [[Bhoganandishwara Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhutanatha group of temples, Badami]]<br /> * [[Chamundeshwari Temple]], [[Mysore]]<br /> * [[Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple]], [[Melukote]]<br /> * [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur]]<br /> * [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura]]<br /> * [[Devarayanadurga]]<br /> * [[Dharmaraya Swamy Temple]], [[Bangalore]]<br /> * [[Dharmasthala Temple]], [[Dharmasthala]]<br /> * [[Dodda Basavana Gudi]]<br /> * [[Doddabasappa Temple]], [[Dambal]]<br /> * [[Domlur Chokkanathaswamy temple]]<br /> * [[Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple]]<br /> * [[Ghati Subramanya]] Temple, [[Doddaballapur]]<br /> * [[Gokarna, India|Gokarna]]<br /> * [[Halebidu]]<br /> * [[Hampi]]<br /> * [[Hoysaleswara Temple]]<br /> * [[ISKCON Temple, Bangalore]]<br /> * [[Jnanakshi Rajarajeshwari Temple]], [[Bengaluru]]<br /> * [[Kadri Manjunath Temple]]<br /> * [[Kateel]]<br /> * [[Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple]], [[Uttara Kannada]]<br /> * [[Kukke Subramanya Temple]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Bhadravati]]<br /> * [[Male Mahadeshwara Hills|Mahadeshwara Temple]], [[Male Mahadeshwara Hills]]<br /> * [[Mookambika|Mookambika temple]], [[Kollur, Udupi district|Kollur]]<br /> * [[Murudeshwara]]<br /> * [[Nagadevatha]]<br /> * [[Nellitheertha Cave Temple]]<br /> * [[Pattadakal]]<br /> * [[Polali Rajarajeshwari temple]]<br /> * [[Ragigudda Anjaneya Temple]]<br /> * [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna]]<br /> * [[Shree Vishnumurthy Temple]]<br /> * [[Sirsi Marikamba Temple]]<br /> * [[Sri Sai Mandir, Belgaum]]<br /> * [[Sri Venkataramana Temple, Karkala]]<br /> * [[Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud]]<br /> * [[Sringeri#Sharadamba Temple|Sharadamba Temple, Sringeri]]<br /> * [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha]], [[Udupi]]<br /> * [[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha Temple]], Hampi<br /> <br /> ==Kerala==<br /> {{Main|List of Hindu temples in Kerala}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Ananthapuram Lak Temple.JPG|thumb|[[Ananthapura Lake Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Poornathrayisa back side.JPG|thumb|[[Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Vadakkunnathan Temple west nada - 0204.JPG|thumb|[[Vadakkumnathan Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Sabarimala sannidhanam.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sabarimala temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Vazhappally Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple|Vazhappally Temple]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Ambalappuzha Sri Krishna Temple]]<br /> * [[Ananthapura Lake Temple]]<br /> * [[Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple]]<br /> * [[Arattupuzha Temple]]<br /> * [[Attukal Temple]]<br /> * [[Chakkulathukavu Temple]]<br /> * [[Chettikulangara Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Chottanikkara Temple]]<br /> * [[Ettumanoor Mahadevar Temple]]<br /> * [[Ernakulam Shiva Temple]]<br /> * [[Guruvayur Temple]]<br /> * [[Kadampuzha Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Kanadikavu Shree Vishnumaya Kuttichathan Swamy temple]]<br /> * [[Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple]]<br /> * [[Koodalmanikyam Temple]]<br /> * [[Kottiyoor Temple]]<br /> * [[Lokanarkavu Temple]]<br /> * [[Mannarasala Temple|Mannarasala Snake Temple]]<br /> * [[Muthappan Temple]]<br /> * [[Oachira Temple]]<br /> * [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Parumala Valiya Panayannarkavu Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Payammal Shatrughna Temple]]<br /> * [[Pazhavangadi Ganapathy Temple]]<br /> * [[Peruvanam Mahadeva Temple]]<br /> *[[Pisharikavu Temple]], [[Koyilandy]]<br /> * [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]]<br /> * [[Sabarimala Temple]]<br /> * [[Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple]]<br /> * [[Sreenarayanapuram Temple]]<br /> * [[Tali Shiva Temple]]<br /> * [[Thirumoozhikkulam Lakshmana Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Thirunakkara Sree Mahadevar Temple, Kottayam|Thirunakkara Mahadevar Temple]]<br /> * [[Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple]]<br /> * [[Thirumandhamkunnu Temple]]<br /> * [[Thirunelli Temple]]<br /> * [[Thiruvanchikulam Temple]]<br /> * [[Thriprayar Temple]]<br /> * [[Tirunavaya Temple]]<br /> * [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]]<br /> * [[Vaikom Temple|Vaikom Mahadevar Temple]]<br /> * [[Valayanad Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Madhya Pradesh==<br /> [[File:Mahakal Temple Ujjain.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]] ]]<br /> [[File:Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg|thumb|[[Kandariya Mahadeva Temple]], [[Khajuraho]] ]]<br /> [[File:Sas Bahu Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Sas-Bahu Temple]], [[Gwalior]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Baba Baijnath Temple, Agar]]<br /> * [[Bagalamukhi Temple, Nalkheda]]<br /> * [[Bhojeshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Bijasan Mata Temple Indore|Bijasan Mata Temple]], [[Indore]]<br /> * [[Chaturbhuj Temple (Orchha)]], [[Orchha]]<br /> * [[Chintaman Ganesh Temple, Ujjain]]<br /> * [[Dada Darbar (Khandwa)|Dada Darbar]], [[Khandwa]]<br /> * [[Devi Jagadambi Temple]], [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments|Khajuraho]]<br /> * [[Dewas|Devi Vaishini Temple]], [[Dewas]]<br /> * [[Gajanan Maharaj Temple, Indore|Gajanan Maharaj Temple]], [[Indore]]<br /> * [[Jatashankar]], [[Pachmarhi]]<br /> * [[Kal Bhairav Temple, Ujjain]]<br /> * [[Kandariya Mahadeva Temple]]<br /> * [[Khajrana Ganesh Temple]], [[Indore]]<br /> * [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Bhopal]]<br /> * [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga|Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Ujjain]]<br /> * [[Maihar#Sharda Devi Temple|Sharda Devi Temple Maihar satna]]<br /> * [[Mohas Hanuman Mandir]]<br /> * [[Omkareshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Pashupatinath Temple, Mandsaur]]<br /> * [[Pitambara Peeth]], [[Datia]]<br /> * [[Ram Raja Temple]], [[Orchha]] Near [[Jhansi]]<br /> * [[Sasbahu Temple, Gwalior]]<br /> * [[Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple]], [[Adegaon]]<br /> * [[Shyam Kaka Temple]], [[Rajgarh district]]<br /> * [[Tigawa|Kankali Devi temple]], [[Tigawa]]<br /> * [[Tulsi Peeth]], [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]]<br /> <br /> ==Maharashtra==<br /> [[File:Siddhivinayak temple.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Sri Sai Baba Temple , Shirdi.jpg|thumb|[[Shri Sai Baba Temple, Shirdi]] ]]<br /> [[File:Trimbakeshwar nj.jpg|thumb|[[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Elephanta Caves Trimurti.jpg|thumb|Trimurti sculpture, [[Elephanta Caves]] ]]<br /> [[File:Kailasha temple at ellora.JPG|thumb|[[Kailasa temple, Ellora|Kailasa temple]], [[Ellora Caves]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Akkalkot Maharaj|Akkalkot Swami Samarth]] <br /> * [[Ambarnath|Ambreshwar Temple]], [[Ambarnath]] <br /> * [[Amboli, Sindhudurg|Hiranyakeshi temple]], [[Amboli, Sindhudurg]]<br /> * [[Amruteshwar Temple]], [[Ratanwadi]]<br /> * [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hingoli]]<br /> * [[Babulnath Temple|Babulnath Temple, Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Ballaleshwar Pali]]<br /> * [[Barshi|Bhagwant Temple, Barshi]]<br /> * [[Bhimashankar Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhuleshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Birla Mandir, Shahad]] <br /> * [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS Shri Swaminarayan]] Mandir, [[Ambegaon]]<br /> * [[Budhwar Peth, Pune|Red Jogeshwari Temple]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Chakreshwar Mahadev Mandir]], [[Nalasopara]]<br /> * [[Chandika Devi Temple, Juchandra]]<br /> * [[Chaturshringi Temple]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Chintamani Temple, Theur]]<br /> * [[Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Dashabhuja Temple]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Durgadi Fort]] Temple, [[Kalyan]]<br /> * [[Ekvira Mata Mandir]], [[Lonavala]]<br /> * [[Elephanta Caves]], near [[Elephanta Island]], [[Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Ellora Kailasanathar Temple|Kailash Temple]] at [[Ellora]]<br /> * [[Ganapati Temple, Redi]] <br /> * [[Ganesha Temple, Morgaon|Moreshwar Temple, Morgaon]]<br /> * [[Ganpati Temple, Tasgaon]]<br /> * [[Ganpatipule]], [[Ratnagiri]] <br /> * [[Girijatmaj|Girijatmaj Temple of Lenyadri]] <br /> * [[Gondeshwar Temple, Sinnar]]<br /> * [[Gondia|Nagra Temple, Gondia]]<br /> * [[Grishneshwar temple]], [[Ellora]]<br /> * [[Harihareshwar|Harihareshwara Temple]]<br /> * [[Harishchandragad]], [[Ahmednagar district]]<br /> * [[Indapur|Palasnath Temple, Indapur]]<br /> * [[ISKCON Temple, Pune]]<br /> * [[Jivdani Mata|Jivdani Mata Temple]], [[Virar]] <br /> * [[Jogeshwari]]<br /> * [[Jyotiba Temple|Jyotiba Temple at Wadi]]<br /> * [[Kala Ram Temple]], [[Nashik]]<br /> * [[Kasba Ganapati]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Khandoba Mandir]], [[Beed]]<br /> * [[Khandoba Temple, Jejuri]] <br /> * [[Khidkaleshwar Mandir]], [[Dombivli]]<br /> * [[Kopineshwar Mandir, Thane]]<br /> * [[Kukdeshwar Temple]] <br /> * [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu]]<br /> * [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur]] <br /> * [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Mumbai|Mahalakshmi Temple, Mahalakshmi, Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] [[Renuka]] Mata Temple <br /> * [[Mandher Devi Temple in Mandhradevi]] <br /> * [[Mankeshwar temple, Zodage]]<br /> * [[Markanda Mahadev, Chamorshi]]<br /> * [[Morya Gosavi]] Temple, [[Chinchwad]]<br /> * [[Mumba Devi Mandir]], [[Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Mumbra Devi Temple]], [[Mumbra]] <br /> * [[Narsobawadi]]<br /> * [[Padmalaya]]<br /> * [[Parshuram Temple]], [[Chiplun]]<br /> * [[Parvati Hill]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Pataleshwar Caves, Pune]]<br /> * [[Prabhadevi Temple]], [[Prabhadevi]], [[Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Ram Mandir railway station|Ram Mandir, Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Ranjangaon Ganpati|Mahaganpati Temple of Ranjangaon]]<br /> * [[Saptashrungi]]<br /> * [[Sarasbaug Ganpati]]<br /> * [[Satpuda Manudevi Temple, Adgaon]]<br /> * [[Shani Shingnapur]]<br /> * [[Shri Sai Baba Temple, Shirdi]], [[Shirdi]]<br /> * [[Shiv Mandir, Maharashtra]]<br /> * [[Shree Swaminarayan Temple Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Shri BrahmaChaitanya|Shri BrahmaChaitanya Gondavalekar Maharaj]], Gondavale<br /> * [[Shri Dev Rameshwar Temple|Shri Dev Rameshwar Mandir]] <br /> * [[Shri Laxmi Narsimha Temple]], [[Nira Narsingpur]] <br /> * [[Shri Laxmi Narsimha Temple]], [[Nira Narsingpur]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Mumbai]] <br /> * [[Siddheshwar &amp; Ratneshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Siddhivinayak Mahaganapati Temple]]<br /> * [[Siddhivinayak temple (Mumbai)|Siddhivinayak Temple]], [[Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek]]<br /> * [[Temblai|Tryamboli Temple Temblaiwadi, Kolhapur]]<br /> * [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]], [[Trimbakeshwar]]<br /> * [[Tulja Bhavani Temple]], [[Tuljapur]] <br /> * [[Tulshibaug]], [[Pune]]<br /> * [[Vajreshwari Temple|Vajreshwari Temple, Vajreshwari]]<br /> * [[Varadvinayak]]<br /> * [[Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar]] <br /> * [[Vithoba Temple]], [[Pandharpur]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Manipur==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Ningthoukhong Gopinath Mandir]]<br /> * [[Shree Govindajee Temple]], [[Imphal]]<br /> * [[Shri Radha Raman Temple of Kanchipur]], [[Kanchipur, Manipur|Kanchipur]]<br /> <br /> == Meghalaya ==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> *[[Nartiang Durga Temple]], West Jaintia Hills district<br /> <br /> ==Odisha==<br /> {{See also|List of temples in Bhubaneswar}}<br /> [[File:Konark Sun Temple Front view.jpg|thumb|[[Konark Sun Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Muktesvara deula.jpg|thumb| [[Muktesvara deula]] Panoramic View, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Temple-Jagannath.jpg|thumb| [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] Panoramic View, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Lingaraj temple Bhubaneswar 11007.jpg|thumb| [[Lingaraja Temple]] Panoramic View, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Vaitala Mandira.jpg|thumb| [[Baitala deula]] Panoramic View, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Rajarani Temple 2.jpg|thumb| [[Rajarani Temple]] Panoramic View, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Ratnagiri Jajpur district Odisha.jpg|thumb| [[Puspagiri Mahavihara]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Ananta Vasudeva Temple.jpg|thumb| [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Gate of Nrusinghanath Temple1.JPG|thumb| [[Nrusinghanath Temple]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Taratarini maa.jpg|thumb| [[Taratarini Temple]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ]]<br /> [[File:Brahmeswara Temple, Bhubaneswar.JPG|thumb|[[Brahmeswara Temple]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Ajaikapada Bhairava Temple]]<br /> * [[Ananta Shayana]]<br /> * [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]]<br /> * [[Annakoteshvara Temple]]<br /> * [[Astasambhu Siva Temples]]<br /> * [[Baitala Deula]]<br /> * [[Baladevjew Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhagabati Temple, Banapur]]<br /> * [[Bharati Matha]]<br /> * [[Bhattarika Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhringesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Biraja Temple]], [[Jajpur]]<br /> * [[Brahma Temple, Bindusagar]]<br /> * [[Brahmeswara Temple]]<br /> * [[Budha Deula]]<br /> * [[Byamokesvara temple]]<br /> * [[Chakreshvari Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Chakresvara Tank]]<br /> * [[Charchika Temple]]<br /> * [[Chateshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Cuttack Chandi Temple]]<br /> * [[Dhabaleswar]]<br /> * [[Dharakote]]<br /> * [[Dishisvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Durga Temple, Motia]]<br /> * [[Gupteswar Cave]]<br /> * [[Harihara Deula]], [[Boudh]]<br /> * [[Harishankar Temple]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Baripada]], [[Mayurbhanj]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Koraput]], Sabara Srikhetra in [[Koraput]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Nayagarh]], [[Nayagarh]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple]], [[Puri]]<br /> * [[Jaleswar Siva Temple Precinct]]<br /> * [[Kakatpur Mangala Temple]]<br /> * [[Kalabhairavi Temple]]<br /> * [[Kalikadevi Temple]]<br /> * [[Kapilash Temple]]<br /> * [[Kapilesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Kedareswar Temple]]<br /> * [[Khiching]]<br /> * [[Khirachora Gopinatha Temple]], [[Remuna]], [[Balasore]]<br /> * [[Kichakeshwari Temple]]<br /> * [[Konark Sun Temple]], [[Konark]]<br /> * [[Lankeswari Temple]], [[Sonepur, Orissa|Sonepur]]<br /> * [[Lingaraj Temple]]<br /> * [[Lokanatha Temple]]<br /> * [[Maa Taratarini Temple]], [[Adi Shakti]] Pith, Ganjam<br /> * [[Maa Tarini|Maa Tarini Temple]], [[Ghatgaon]], [[Kendujhar]]<br /> * [[Maa Ugra Tara]]<br /> * [[Madneswar Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Mahabhoi Sasana Tank]]<br /> * [[Mahakala-Mahakali Temple]]<br /> * [[Mahavinayak Temple]]<br /> * [[Mahendragiri, Orissa]]<br /> * [[Mangalesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Manibhadresvara Siva Temple – I]]<br /> * [[Manibhadresvara Temple – II]]<br /> * [[Manikeshwari Temple]]<br /> * [[Manikeshwari Temple]], [[Bhawanipatna]], [[Kalahandi]]<br /> * [[Markandeshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Markandeshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Mausimaa Temple]]<br /> * [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> * [[Nagesvara Temple, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> * [[Narayana Gosain Temple]]<br /> * [[Narayani Temple]]<br /> * [[Nilamadhav Temple]]<br /> * [[Nilkantheswar Shiva temple]]<br /> * [[Nrusinghanath Temple]]<br /> * [[Pabaneswara temple]]<br /> * [[Panchalingeshwar]]<br /> * [[Papanasini Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Parsurameswar Temple]]<br /> * [[Parvati Temple, Odisha|Parvati Temple]]<br /> * [[Paschimesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Patalesvara Siva Temple – I]]<br /> * [[Patalesvara Siva Temple – II]]<br /> * [[Patalesvara Siva Temple – III]]<br /> * [[Patali Srikhetra]], [[Sonepur, Orissa|Subarnapur]]<br /> * [[Raghunath Temple]], Odagaon<br /> * [[Rajarani Temple]]<br /> * [[Ram Mandir, Janpath]]<br /> * [[Ramachandi Temple]]<br /> * [[Rameshwar Deula]]<br /> * [[Sakshigopal Temple]]<br /> * [[Samaleswari Temple]]<br /> * [[Sanisvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Saptamatruka Temple]]<br /> * [[Sarala Temple]]<br /> * [[Simhanath Temple]]<br /> * [[Sivatirtha Matha, Old Town]]<br /> * [[Subarnameru Temple]]<br /> * [[Subarnesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Suka Temple]]<br /> * [[Sukutesvara Temple]]<br /> * [[Sundaresvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Sureswari temple]]<br /> * [[Svapnesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Swarnadhisvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Talesavara Siva Temple – II]]<br /> * [[Talesvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[The Leaning Temple of Huma]]<br /> * [[Tirthesvara Siva temple]]<br /> * [[Upper Bagh Devi Temple]]<br /> * [[Uttaresvara Siva Temple]]<br /> * [[Varahi Deula, Chaurasi]]<br /> * [[Vishnu Temple, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> * [[Visvanatha Shiva Temple, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> * [[Yajna Nrisimha Temple]]<br /> * [[Yameshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Yamesvara Tank (Nala Kunda)]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Punjab==<br /> [[File:Many of the locals we had spoken to were delighted that the Govt has sanctioned funds for renovation of this temple (38049489065).jpg|thumb|[[Durgiana Temple|Shri Durgiana Mandir]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Devi Talab Mandir]], [[Jalandhar]]<br /> * [[Durgiana Temple]], [[Amritsar]]<br /> *<br /> * [[Jayanti Devi Temple]], [[Mohali]]<br /> * [[Julfa Mata Temple]], [[Nangal]]<br /> * [[Maiser Khana]], [[Bathinda]]<br /> * [[Mukteshwar Mahadev Temple]], [[Pathankot]]<br /> * [[Shanaleshwara Swayambhu Temple]], [[Rajpura]]<br /> * [[Shri Kali Devi Temple, Patiala]]<br /> * [[Suraj Kund Sunam|Suraj Kund Temple]], [[Sunam]]<br /> * [[Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji]], [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7y1AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Bhagwan-Narainji |title=History and Culture of Himalayan States |date=1979 |publisher=Light &amp; Life Publishers |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rajasthan==<br /> [[File:Birla Temple in Jaipur.jpg|thumb|[[Birla Mandir, Jaipur]]]]<br /> [[File:Govind dev ji.jpg|thumb|[[Govind Dev Ji Temple|Radha Govind Dev ji Temple]], Jaipur]]<br /> [[File:Madanmohan-ji.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli|Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Aapeshwar Mahadev temple|Aapeshwar Mahadev Temple]] <br /> * [[Ambika Mata Temple]]<br /> * [[Baba Mohan Rama]] Temple, Kali Kholi, <br /> * [[Birla Mandir, Jaipur]]<br /> * [[Udaipur#Bohara Ganesh JI|Bohra Ganesh temple]]<br /> * [[Brahma Temple, Pushkar]]<br /> * [[Charbhuja|Shri Charbhuja temple]], [[Rajsamand District]]<br /> *[[Charbhuja Nath Temple]], Bundi, Rajasthan <br /> * [[Eklingji|Eklingji Mahadev Temple]]<br /> * [[Govind Dev Ji Temple]], [[Jaipur]]<br /> * [[Udaipur#Jagdish Temple|Jagdish temple]]<br /> * [[Jeen Mata|Jeen Mata Temple]]<br /> * [[Kaila Devi Temple]], [[Kaila devi]], [[Karauli]]<br /> * [[Kalika Mata Temple, Chittorgarh Fort]], <br /> * [[Karni Mata Temple]], [[Deshnoke]]<br /> * [[Khatu Shyam Temple]] [[khatu]]<br /> * [[Khatushyamji, Rajasthan|Khatushyamji]]<br /> * [[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli|Madan Mohan Temple]], [[Karauli]]<br /> * [[Mehandipur Balaji Temple]], [[Todabhim]]<br /> * [[Moti Dungri|Moti Dungari Temple]], [[Jaipur]]<br /> * [[Neemach Mata Temple]]<br /> * [[Osian, Jodhpur]]<br /> * [[Rani Sati Temple Jhunjhunu]]<br /> * [[Salasar Balaji Temple]], Salasar<br /> * [[Sanwaliaji temple]]<br /> * [[Sitaleshwar Temple]]<br /> * [[Sundha Mata Temple]]<br /> * [[Tanot Mata|Tanot Mata Temple]]<br /> <br /> ==Sikkim==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Hanuman Tok]], Gangtok<br /> * [[Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple]], [[Legship]]<br /> * [[Thakurbari Temple, Gangtok]]<br /> <br /> == Tamil Nadu ==<br /> {{Main|List of temples in Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> There are more than 33,000 ancient temples in Tamil Nadu.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}<br /> [[File:Mamallapuram (167).jpg|thumb|[[Shore Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Varagunamangai2.jpg|thumb|[[Thiruvaragunamangai Perumal Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Kamakshi Amman Temple Night.jpg|thumb|[[Kamakshi Amman Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Thirunagai8.JPG|thumb|[[Soundararajaperumal temple, Nagapattinam]]]]<br /> [[File:Gangaikonda Gopuram 5-10a.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]] ]]<br /> [[File:PERUR_PATTEESHWARAR_TEMPLE.jpg|thumb|[[Perur Pateeswarar Temple]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Adhirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]]<br /> * [[Adi Jagannatha Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Adi Srinivasa perumal temple]]<br /> * [[Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari]]<br /> * [[Adikesava Perumal temple, Mylapore]]<br /> * [[Adikesava Perumal temple, Sriperumpudur]]<br /> * [[Airavatesvara Temple]]<br /> * [[Amritaghateswarar-Abirami Temple]], [[Mayiladuthurai]]<br /> * [[Anjaneya Temple, Nanganallur]]<br /> * [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]<br /> * [[Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode|Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode, Namakkal]]<br /> * [[Arulmigu Manneaswarar Temple, Annur]]<br /> * [[Arulmigu Munthi Vinayagar Temple]]<br /> * [[Arulmigu Prasanna Venkatesa Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Bannari Amman Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhaktha Anjaneyar]]<br /> * [[Bhu Varaha Swamy temple]]<br /> * [[Brahmapureeswarar Temple]]<br /> * [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]] at [[Thanjavur]]<br /> * [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambaranathar Temple]]<br /> * [[Eri-Katha Ramar Temple]]<br /> * [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram|Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple]]<br /> * [[Gingee Venkataramana Temple]]<br /> * [[Gomathi Amman]]<br /> * [[ISKCON Temple, Chennai|Iskcon Temple, Chennai]] <br /> * [[Jagannatha Perumal temple]]<br /> * [[Jakath Rakshaka Perumal temple, Thirukkoodaloor]]<br /> * [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore]]<br /> * [[Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval]]<br /> * [[Kaliyuga Varadaraja Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple]]<br /> * [[Karpaka Vinayakar Temple]]<br /> * [[Kazheesirama Vinnagaram]]<br /> * [[Koniamman Temple, Coimbatore]]<br /> * [[Koodal Azhagar temple]]<br /> * [[Manakula Vinayagar Temple]]<br /> * [[Marudhamalai (temple)|Marudhamalai Subramanya Swami Temple, Coimbatore]]<br /> * [[Mayuranathaswami Temple, Mayiladuthurai|Mayuranathaswami Temple]], [[Mayiladuthurai]]<br /> * [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]] <br /> * [[Mondaicaud Bhagavathi Temple]]<br /> * [[Mudikondan Kothandaramar Temple]]<br /> * [[Nagaraja Temple, Nagercoil]]<br /> * [[Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam]]<br /> * [[Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple]]<br /> * [[Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal]]<br /> * [[Natadreeswarar Temple]]<br /> * [[Nellaiappar Temple]], [[Tirunelveli]]<br /> * [[Oppliyappan Temple]]<br /> * [[Pachaimalai Subramanya Swamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Padalathri Narasimhar Temple]]<br /> * [[Palani Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Parthasarathy Temple, Chennai]]<br /> * [[Pazhamudircholai|Pazhamudhircholai Temple]]<br /> * [[Perur Pateeswarar Temple, Coimbatore]]<br /> * [[Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Punnainallur Kothandaramar Temple]]<br /> * [[PunnaiNallur Mariamman]] temple<br /> * [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi]]<br /> * [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]]<br /> * [[Samayapuram Mariamman Temple]], Samayapuram<br /> * [[Sampathgiri|Sampathgiri Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Sangameswarar Temple]]<br /> * [[Sankaranayinarkoil|Sankaranaraya swamy temple]]<br /> * [[Sathyamurthi Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Shore Temple]]<br /> * [[Sikkal Singaravelan Temple]]<br /> * [[Sri Navaladi Karuppannaswami Temple – Mohanur]]<br /> * [[Srivilliputhur Andal Temple]]<br /> * [[Sundararaja Perumal temple]]<br /> * [[Swamimalai Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Thalai Sanga Nanmathiyam|Thalai Sanga Nanmathiyam Perumal Temple]]<br /> * [[Thanjai Mamani Koil]]<br /> * [[Thanumalayan Temple]]<br /> * [[Thillai Nataraja Temple]]<br /> * [[Thindal Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Thiruchendur Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Thiruthani Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur]]<br /> * [[Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple]]<br /> * [[Tirupparankunram Murugan Temple]]<br /> * [[Tiruppukkozhiyur]]<br /> * [[Ucchi Pillayar Temple]] <br /> * [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]]<br /> * [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur]]<br /> * [[Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple]]<br /> * [[Vaitheeswaran Koil]], [[Mayiladuthurai]]<br /> * [[Vana Vishesha Sthalangal]]<br /> * [[Vandiyur Mariamman Temple]]<br /> * [[Vedanarayana perumal temple, Thirunarayanapuram]]<br /> * [[Vedapureeswarar Temple, Puducherry]]<br /> * [[Veeraraghava Swamy Temple, Tiruvallur]]<br /> * [[Yathothkari Perumal Temple]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Telangana==<br /> {{Main|Temples of Telangana}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Ramappa Temple Warangal.JPG|thumb|[[Ramappa Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Bhadrachalam temple View from Lord Narasimha Temple.JPG|thumb|Bhadrachalam Temple]]<br /> [[File:1000 pillar temple HNK.jpg|thumb|1000 pillar temple in Warangal]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Alampur Jogulamba Temple]]<br /> * [[Alampur Navabrahma Temples]]<br /> * [[Ananthagiri Temple]]<br /> * [[Ashtalakshmi Temple, Hyderabad|Ashtalakshmi Temple]]<br /> * [[Bhadrakali Temple, Warangal|Bhadrakali Temple]]<br /> * [[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad]]<br /> * [[Chaya Someswara Temple]]<br /> * [[Chilkoor Balaji Temple]]<br /> * [[Dichpally Ramalayam]]<br /> * [[Erakeswara Temple, Pillalamarri]]<br /> * [[Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar]]<br /> * [[Hare Krishna Golden Temple]], [[Hyderabad]]<br /> * [[Hyderabad Kalibari]]<br /> * [[Jagannath Temple, Hyderabad]]<br /> * [[Jamalapuram Temple]]<br /> * [[Kaleshwara Mukteswara Swamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Karmanghat Hanuman Temple]]<br /> * [[Keesaragutta Temple]] <br /> * [[Komrelly Mallanna Temple|Komuravelli Mallikharjuna Temple]]<br /> * [[Kondagattu Anjaneya Swamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Kothakonda Jatara]]<br /> * [[Kuchadri Venkateshwara Swamy Temple]]<br /> * [[Kulpakji|Kolanupaka Jain Temple]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Dharmapuri]]<br /> * [[Padmakshi Temple]]<br /> * [[Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada]]<br /> * [[Ramappa Temple]]<br /> * [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Jiyaguda]]<br /> * [[Sammakka Saralamma Jatara]]<br /> * [[Sanghi Temple]]<br /> * [[Saraswati Temple, Wargal]]<br /> * [[Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam]]<br /> * [[Sitaram Bagh temple]]<br /> * [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri]]<br /> * [[Sri Peddamma Thalli Temple]]<br /> * [[Surendrapuri]]<br /> * [[Thousand Pillar Temple]]<br /> * [[Ujjaini Mahakali Temple]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Tripura==<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Agartala Jagannath Mandir]]<br /> * [[Chaturdasha Temple]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Agartala]]<br /> * [[Tripura Sundari Temple]]<br /> * [[Unakoti]]<br /> <br /> ==Uttar Pradesh==<br /> {{See also|Hindu temples in Varanasi}}<br /> [[File:Ram Janmbhoomi Mandir, Ayodhya Dham.jpg|thumb|[[Ram Mandir, Ayodhya]]]]<br /> [[File:Ganga Dwar, Gateway of Corridor of Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi.webp|thumb|[[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]], Varanasi (Ganga Dwar)]]<br /> [[File:PremMandirSideViewFromCanteen.jpg|thumb| [[Prem Mandir Vrindavan]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Alopi Devi Mandir]], [[Prayagraj]]<br /> * [[Bankey Bihari Temple]], [[Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Bharat Mata Mandir]], [[Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith|Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Campus]], [[Varanasi]]<br /> * [[Chandrika Devi Temple, Lucknow]]<br /> * [[Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura|Dwarkadheesh temple]], [[Mathura]]<br /> * [[Gorakhnath Math]], [[Gorakhpur]]<br /> * [[Govardhana Shila|Govardhan Shila]]<br /> * [[Hajari Mahadev Temple]], [[Etawah]]<br /> * [[Hanuman Garhi Temple]]<br /> * [[JK Temple]], [[Kanpur]]<br /> * [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]], [[Varanasi]]<br /> * [[Krishna Balaram Mandir|Krishna Balrama Mandir]]<br /> * [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]], [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]<br /> * [[Kusum Sarovar]]<br /> * [[Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir]], [[Barabanki]]<br /> * [[Mankameshwar Temple]], [[Agra]]<br /> * [[Nidhivan, Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Prem Mandir, Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Radha Damodar Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan]]<br /> * [[Radha Kund]]<br /> * [[Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Radha Raman Temple]]<br /> * [[Radha Rani Temple]], [[Barsana]]<br /> * [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> * [[Ram Mandir]], [[Ayodhya]]<br /> * [[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple]], [[Varanasi]]<br /> * [[Swaminarayan Temple]], [[Chhapaiya]], [[Basti district|Basti]]<br /> * [[Ved Mata Gaytri Mandir]]<br /> * [[Vindhyachal Temple]], [[Mirzapur]]<br /> * [[Waneshwar Mahadev Temple]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Uttarakhand==<br /> {{Chota Char Dham}}{{Other uses|List of temples in Uttarakhand}}[[File:Kedarnath Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Kedarnath Temple]] ]]<br /> [[File:Image ank.JPG|thumb|[[Jageshwar]] ]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> * [[Badrinath Temple]], [[Badrinath]]<br /> * [[Baleshwar Temple]], [[Champawat]]<br /> * [[Binsar Mahadev]], [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]<br /> * [[Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar]]<br /> * [[Daksheswar Mahadev Temple]], [[Kankhal]]<br /> * [[Gangotri]]<br /> * [[Garjiya Devi Temple]], near [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]]<br /> * [[Golu Devata]], [[Chitai]]<br /> * [[Gopinath Mandir]], [[Chamoli Gopeshwar]]<br /> * [[Gundiyat Gaon]]<br /> * [[Guptakashi]]<br /> * [[Gurudwara Shri Hemkund Sahib]], near [[Govindghat]]<br /> * [[Har Ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]<br /> * [[Jageshwar]]<br /> * [[Kalpeshwar]]<br /> * [[Kamanda Mahadev]]<br /> * [[Karnaprayag]]<br /> * [[Kedarnath Temple]], [[Kedarnath]]<br /> * [[Madhyamaheshwar]]<br /> * [[Mahasu Devta Temple]]<br /> * [[Mansa Devi Temple, Haridwar]]<br /> * [[Maya Devi Temple, Haridwar]]<br /> * [[Moteshwar Mahadev]], [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]]<br /> * [[Nandaprayag]]<br /> * [[Neelkanth Mahadev Temple (Rishikesh)|Neelkanth Mahadev Temple]], near [[Rishikesh]]<br /> * [[Rishikesh]]<br /> * [[Rudranath]]<br /> * [[Surkanda Devi]], near [[Mussoorie]]<br /> * [[Triyuginarayan Temple]]<br /> * [[Tungnath]]<br /> * [[Ukhimath]]<br /> <br /> ==West Bengal==<br /> {{See also|List of temples in Bishnupur}}<br /> [[File:Chandroday mandir uc side view.jpg|thumb|[[Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir|ISKCON Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Dakhineshwar Temple beside the Hoogly, West Bengal.JPG|thumb|[[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]]]]<br /> [[File:Babataraknathtemple.jpg|thumb|[[Tarakeswar|Tarakeswar Taraknath Temple]]]]<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a temple to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> &lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---&gt;<br /> *[[Ananta Basudeba Temple]], [[Bansberia]]<br /> *[[Annapurna Temple, Titagarh|Annapurna Temple]], [[Titagarh]]<br /> *[[Attahas, Katwa|Attahas]], [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]<br /> *[[Bahulara Ancient Temple]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]]<br /> *[[Baidyapur Jora Deul]], [[Baidyapur]]<br /> *[[Bakreshwar|Bakreswar Temple]], [[Birbhum]]<br /> *[[Bargabhima Temple]], [[Tamluk]]<br /> *[[Baneswar Shiva Temple]], [[Baneswar]]<br /> *[[Begunbari Kali Temple]], [[Purba Medinipur]]<br /> *[[Belur Math]], [[Belur, West Bengal|Belur]]<br /> *[[Bhavaniswar Mandir]], [[Baranagar, Murshidabad|Baranagar]]<br /> *[[Bhavatarini Shmashanpith Kali Temple]], [[Purba Medinipur]]<br /> *[[Bipadtarini Chandibari, Rajpur|Bipadtarini Chandibari]], [[Rajpur Sonarpur|Rajpur]]<br /> *[[Birla Mandir, Kolkata|Birla Mandir]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Boro Maa Kali Temple, Naihati|Boro Maa Kali Temple]], [[Naihati]]<br /> *[[Brindaban Chandra's Math]], [[Guptipara]]<br /> *[[Char Bangla Temples]], [[Baranagar, Murshidabad|Baranagar]]<br /> *[[Chandrakona Jorbangla Temple]], [[Chandrakona]]<br /> *[[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], [[Dakshineswar]]<br /> *[[Dwadash Shiva Temples]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Ekteswar Temple]], [[Ekteswar]]<br /> *[[Firinghi Kalibari]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Fullara]], [[Birbhum]]<br /> *[[Ghaghar Burhi]], [[Asansol]]<br /> *[[Gokulchand Temple]], [[Joypur, Bankura (community development block)|Joypur]]<br /> *[[Hangseshwari Temple]], [[Bansberia]]<br /> *[[Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir|ISKCON Temple]], [[Mayapur]]<br /> *[[Jagannath Temple, Digha]]<br /> *[[Jalpesh Temple]], [[Mainaguri]]<br /> *[[Jatileswar Temple]], [[Jalpaiguri]]<br /> *[[Kalighat Kali Temple]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Kalyaneshwari Temple]], [[Bardhaman]]<br /> *[[Kamteswari Temple]], [[Gosanimari]]<br /> *[[Kanak Durga Temple]], [[Chilkigarh]]<br /> *[[Keshabeshwar Temple]], [[South 24 Parganas]]<br /> *[[Kiriteswari Temple]], [[Lalbag subdivision|Lalbag]]<br /> *[[Kotulpur Sridhar Temple]], [[Kotulpur]]<br /> *[[Kripamayee Kali Temple]], [[Baranagar]]<br /> *[[Krishnarai Jiu Temple, Bagri|Krishnarai Jiu Temple]], [[Garbeta]]<br /> *[[Lake Kalibari]], [[Kolkata]] <br /> *[[Madangopal Jiu Temple]], [[Samta (India)|Samta]]<br /> *[[Madan Mohan Temple, Cooch Behar|Madan Mohan Temple]], [[Cooch Behar]]<br /> *[[Ma Manasa Temple, Jakpur|Maa Manasa Temple]], [[Kharagpur]]<br /> *[[Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling|Mahakal Temple]], [[Darjeeling]]<br /> *[[Malleswara Shiva Temple]], [[Chandrakona]]<br /> *[[Nandikeshwari Temple]], [[Sainthia]]<br /> *[[Nrisingha Temple, Nadia|Nrisingha Temple]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]]<br /> *[[Parvatinatha Temple]], [[Chandrakona]]<br /> *[[Radha Madhab Temple]], [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]<br /> *[[Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir]], [[Maldah]]<br /> *[[Rampara Kalibari]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Ramrajatala|Ramrajatala Temple]], [[Howrah]]<br /> *[[Rasmancha, Bishnupur|Rasmancha]], [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]<br /> *[[Siddheshwari Kali Mandir]], [[Kalna City]]<br /> *[[Shantinatha Shiva Temple]], [[Chandrakona]]<br /> *[[Shibnibas]], [[Nadia]]<br /> *[[Shobhabazar Lal Mandir]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Taraknath Temple]], [[Tarakeswar]]<br /> *[[Tarapith Temple]], [[Birbhum]]<br /> *[[Thanthania Kalibari]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> *[[Tridhara Milan Mandir]], [[Panchmura]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Lists of Hindu temples]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * Vastu-Silpa Kosha, ''Encyclopedia of Hindu Temple architecture and Vastu'' S.K.Ramachandara Rao, Delhi, Devine Books, (Lala Murari Lal Chharia Oriental series) {{ISBN|978-93-81218-51-8}} (Set)<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Hindu temples in India}}<br /> <br /> {{Asia topic|List of Hindu temples in}}<br /> {{list of lists |religious building | listcat=Lists of Hindu temples in India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hindu Temples In India}}<br /> [[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in India|Hindu temples]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuni_mandal&diff=542139 2026-03-24T13:23:39Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating New Pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Tuni mandal<br /> | settlement_type = [[Mandal]]<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining mandal}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Tuni mandal''' is one of the 21 mandals in [[Kakinada district|Kakinada District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As per census 2011,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4890-tuni-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh.html | title=Villages &amp; Towns in Tuni Mandal of East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh }}&lt;/ref&gt; there are 1 town and 20 villages.<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> Tuni Mandal has total population of 138,079 as per the [[2011 Census of India|Census 2011]] out of which 67,734 are males while 70,345 are females and the Average Sex Ratio of Tuni Mandal is 1,039. The total literacy rate of Tuni Mandal is 64.64%. The male literacy rate is 61.72% and the female literacy rate is 53.62%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/tuni-mandal-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh-4890 | title=Tuni Mandal Population, Religion, Caste East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh - Census India }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Towns and villages ==<br /> <br /> === Towns ===<br /> <br /> # [[Tuni]] (Municipality)<br /> <br /> === Villages ===<br /> # [[Chamavaram]]<br /> # [[Chepuru]]<br /> # [[Tetagunta]]<br /> # [[Velama Kothuru]]<br /> # [[Suravaram, Kakinada|Suravaram]]<br /> # [[Kathipudi]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kakinada district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mandals in Kakinada district]]<br /> [[Category:Mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Independence_Act_1947&diff=467733 2026-03-20T10:51:35Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use British English|date = February 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox UK legislation<br /> | short_title = Indian Independence Act 1947<br /> | type = Act<br /> | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom<br /> | long_title = An Act to make provision for the setting up in India of two independent dominion states, to substitute other provisions for certain provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, which apply outside those dominions, and to provide for other matters consequential on or connected with the setting up of those Dominions.<br /> | citation = [[10 &amp; 11 Geo. 6]]. c. 30<br /> | year = 1947<br /> | introduced_by = <br /> | territorial_extent = {{ublist|[[United Kingdom]]|[[British Raj|British India]]}}<br /> | royal_assent = 18 July 1947<br /> | commencement = 15 August 1947<br /> | repeal_date = 26 January 1950 ([[India]])&lt;br /&gt;23 March 1956 ([[Pakistan]])<br /> | repealing_legislation = [[Constitution of India]] (India)&lt;br /&gt;[[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956]] (Pakistan)<br /> | status = repealed<br /> | original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30/enacted<br /> | revised_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30|<br /> }}<br /> The '''Indian Independence Act 1947''' ([[10 &amp; 11 Geo. 6]]. c. 30) is an act of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] that [[partition of India|partitioned]] [[British India]] into the two new independent [[dominion]]s of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. On 15 July 1947 the House of Commons voted for the bill and the House of Lords gave its consent on the next day. The act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan, comprising [[West Pakistan|west]] (modern day [[Pakistan]]) and [[East Pakistan|east]] (modern day [[Bangladesh]]) regions, came into being on 15 August.&lt;ref name=&quot;SinghHoshiar&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Hoshiar Singh, Pankaj Singh|author2=Singh Hoshiar|title=Indian Administration|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K89d_QopUx8C&amp;pg=PA10|access-date=2 January 2013|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-6119-9|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Independence was at midnight on the 14/15 August, Pakistan chose to celebrate independence on the 14th and India on the 15th.}}<br /> <br /> The legislature representatives of the [[Indian National Congress]],&lt;ref&gt;represented by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], and [[Acharya Kripalani]]&lt;/ref&gt; the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]],&lt;ref&gt;represented by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Liaqat Ali Khan]], and Sardar [[Abdul Rab Nishtar]].&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] community&lt;ref&gt;represented by Sardar [[Baldev Singh]]&lt;/ref&gt; came to an agreement with [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]], then [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]]''',''' on what has come to be known as the ''3 June Plan'' or ''Mountbatten Plan.''<br /> <br /> ==Prelude==<br /> <br /> ===Attlee's announcement===<br /> [[Clement Attlee]], the [[prime minister of the United Kingdom]], announced on 20 February 1947 that:<br /> #The British Government would grant full self-government to British India by 3 June 1948 at the latest,<br /> #The future of the [[Princely States]] would be decided after the date of final transfer is decided.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Ghose|first=Sankar|title=Jawaharlal Nehru : a biography|year=1993|publisher=Allied Publ.|location=New Delhi [u.a.]|isbn=9788170233695|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUeyUhVGIDMC&amp;q=attlee%27s+announcement&amp;pg=PA151|edition=1. publ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Third June Plan===<br /> The 3rd June 1947 Plan was also known as the Mountbatten Plan.<br /> The British government proposed a plan, announced on 3 June 1947, that included these principles:<br /> #Principle of the partition of British India was accepted by the British Government<br /> #Successor governments would be given [[dominion]] status<br /> #Autonomy and sovereignty to both countries<br /> #Can make their own constitution<br /> #Princely states were given the right to join either India or Pakistan (with no option to remain independent), based on two major factors: geographical contiguity and the people's wishes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Zain |first1=Omer Farooq |date=April 2006 |title=Siachen Glacier Conflict: Discordant in Pakistan-India Reconciliation |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41394127 |journal=Pakistan Horizon |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=74–75 |jstor=41394127 |access-date=8 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Provisions==<br /> <br /> The act's most important provisions were:<br /> * Division of British India into the two new dominions – the [[Dominion of India]] and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] – with effect from 15 August 1947;<br /> * Partition of the provinces of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] and [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] between the two new countries;<br /> * Establishment of the office of [[Governor-General]] in each of the two new countries, as representatives of [[the Crown]];<br /> * Conferral of complete legislative authority upon the respective [[Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assemblies]] of the two new countries;<br /> * Termination of British [[suzerainty]] over the [[princely state]]s, with effect from 15 August 1947. These states could decide to join either India or Pakistan;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mehrotra |first1=S.R. |title=Towards Indias Freedom And Partition |date=1979 |publisher=Vikash Publishing House |location=Delhi |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154/page/n259 247] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154 |access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;See Section 7 (1) (b): &quot;the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States, all functions exercisable by His Majesty at that date with respect to Indian States, all obligations of His Majesty existing at that date towards Indian States or the rulers thereof, and all powers, rights, authority or jurisdiction exercisable by His Majesty at that date in or in relation to Indian States by treaty, grant, usage, sufferance or otherwise.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Abolition of the use of the title &quot;[[Emperor of India]]&quot; by the [[British monarch]] (this was subsequently executed by [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] by [[royal proclamation]] on 22 June 1948);<br /> <br /> The act also made provision for the division of joint property, etc. between the two new countries, including in particular the division of the armed forces.<br /> <br /> ==Salient features==<br /> <br /> #Two new dominion states: Two new dominions were to emerge from the Indian empire: India and Pakistan.<br /> #Appointed Date: 15 August 1947 was declared as the appointed date for the partition.<br /> #Territories:<br /> ##Pakistan: East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, and Chief Commissioner's Province of Baluchistan.<br /> ##The fate of the [[North-West Frontier Province]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]) was subject to the result of a [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum|referendum]].<br /> ##Bengal &amp; Assam:<br /> ###The [[Bengal Presidency|province of Bengal]] as constituted under the Government of India Act 1935 ceased to exist.<br /> ###In lieu thereof two new provinces were to be constituted, to be known respectively as [[East Bengal]] and [[West Bengal]].<br /> ###The fate of [[Sylhet Division|District Sylhet]], in the province of [[Assam Province|Assam]], was to be decided in a [[1947 Sylhet referendum|referendum]].<br /> ##Punjab:<br /> ###The [[Punjab Province (British India)|province]] as constituted under the Government of India Act 1935 ceased to exist.<br /> ###Two new provinces were to be constituted, to be known respectively as [[West Punjab]] and [[East Punjab]].<br /> #The boundaries of the new provinces were to be determined, whether before or after the appointed date, by the award of a boundary commission to be appointed by the Governor-General.<br /> #Constitution for the New Dominions: until the time of the making of the new constitution, the new dominions and the provinces thereof were to be governed by the Government of India Act 1935. (Temporary Provisions as to the Government of Each New Dominion).<br /> #The Governors-General of the new dominions:<br /> ##For each of the new dominions a new Governor-General was to be appointed by the Crown, subject to the law of the legislature of either of the new dominions.<br /> ##Same person as Governor-General of both dominions: if unless and until provision to the contrary was made by a law of the legislature of either of the new dominions, the same person could be the Governor-General of both.<br /> #Powers of Governor-General: (Section-9)<br /> ##The Governor-General was empowered to bring this Act into force.<br /> ##Division of territories, powers, duties, rights, assets, liabilities, etc., was the responsibility of Governor General.<br /> ##To adopt, amend, Government of India Act 1935, as the Governor-General may consider it necessary.<br /> ##power to introduce any change was until 31 March 1948, after that it was open to the constituent assembly to modify or adopt the same Act. (Temporary Provisions as to the Government of Each New Dominion.)<br /> ##Governor-General had full powers to give assent to any law.<br /> #Legislation for the new dominions:<br /> ##The existing legislative setup was allowed to continue as Constitution making body as well as a legislature. (Temporary Provisions as to the Government of Each New Dominion.)<br /> ##The legislature of each dominion was given full powers to make laws for that dominion, including laws having extraterritorial operation.<br /> ##No Act of Parliament of UK passed after the appointed date would be extended to the territories of new dominions.<br /> ##No law and provision of any law made by the legislature of the new dominions shall be void or inoperative on the ground that it is repugnant to the law of England.<br /> ##The Governor-General of each dominion had full powers to give assent in His Majesty's name to any law of the legislature. [Configuration of Pakistan's Constitution Assembly (CAP I): 69 members of the central legislature + 10 immigrant members= 79].<br /> #Consequences of setting up of the new dominions:<br /> ##His Majesty's Government lost all the responsibility to the new dominions.<br /> ##The suzerainty of His Majesty's Government over the Indian States lapsed.<br /> ##All the treaties or agreements with the Indian States and the [[Adivasi|tribal area]]s that were in force at the passing of the act lapsed.<br /> ##The title of &quot;Emperor of India&quot; was dropped from the titles of British Crown.<br /> ##The office of [[Secretary of State for India]] was abolished and the provisions of GOI Act 1935 relating to the appointments to the civil service or civil posts under the crown by the secretary of the state ceased to operate.<br /> #Civil servants: Section 10 provided for the continuance of service of the government servants appointed on or before 15 August 1947 under the Governments of new Dominions with full benefits.<br /> #Armed Forces: Sections 11, 12, and 13 dealt with the future of the Indian armed forces. A Partition Committee was formed on 7 June 1947, with two representatives from each side and the viceroy in the chair, to decide about the division thereof. As soon as the process of partition was to start it was to be replaced by a Partition Council with a similar structure.<br /> #First and Second Schedules:<br /> ##First Schedule listed the districts provisionally included in the new province of East Bengal:<br /> ###[[Chittagong Division]]: Districts of [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]], [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]] and [[Comilla District|Tipperah]].<br /> ###[[Dhaka Division|Dacca Division]]: Districts of [[Backergunge District|Bakarganj]], [[Dhaka District|Dacca]], [[Faridpur Division|Faridpur]], and [[Mymensingh Division|Mymensingh]].<br /> ###[[Presidency division|Presidency Division]]: Districts of [[Jessore District|Jessore]] (except [[Bangaon subdivision|Bangaon]] Tehsil), and [[Kushtia District (1947–1984)|Kustia]] and [[Meherpur District|Meherpur]] Tehsils (of [[Nadia district]]).<br /> ###[[Rajshahi Division]]:Districts of [[Bogra District|Bogra]], [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] (except [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Raiganj]] and [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Balurghat]] Tehsil), [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]], [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] and [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Nawabganj]] Tehsil (of [[Malda district|Malda]] district).<br /> ##Second Schedule listed the districts provisionally included in the new province of West Punjab:<br /> ###[[Lahore Division]]: Districts of [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Lahore District|Lahore]] (except [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]] Tehsil), [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]] and [[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] Tehsil (of [[Gurdaspur District (British Punjab)|Gurdaspur]] district).<br /> ###[[Rawalpindi Division]]: Districts of [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Jhelum District|Jehlum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]] and [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]].<br /> ###[[Multan Division]]: Districts of [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Faisalabad District|Lyallpur]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Multan District|Multan]] and [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]].&lt;ref name=salient&gt;{{cite web|title=Salient features of the act|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf|access-date=9 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Partition==<br /> {{main|Partition of India|Radcliffe Line}}<br /> <br /> There was so much violence, and many Muslims from what would become India fled to Pakistan; and Hindus and Sikhs from what would become Pakistan fled to India. Many people left behind all their possessions and property to avoid the violence and flee to their new country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The history of partition|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml|access-date=9 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Princely states==<br /> [[File:India &amp; Pakistan on eve of Independence.png|thumb|The territory of British India partitioned between India (brown) and Pakistan (green). The remaining unshaded areas were princely states.]]<br /> {{Main|Princely states of Pakistan|Princely states of India}}<br /> <br /> On 25 July 1947, Mountbatten held a meeting with the [[Chamber of Princes]], where he addressed the question of the princely states, of which there were 562. The treaty relations between Britain and the Indian States would come to an end, and on 15 August 1947 the [[suzerainty]] of the British Crown was to lapse. Mountbatten ruled out any dominion status for any of the princely states, and advised them to accede to one or the other of the dominions, India and Pakistan, according to geographical contiguity. Although it was possible for the states to remain independent (autonomous) to some extent after 15 August, their dependency on the British government of dominion of India for defence, foreign affairs, communication and other matters rendered such freedom meaningless.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Bhargava |first=R. P. |title=The Chamber of Princes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQgNE1uSEgC&amp;pg=PA313 |year=1991 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-005-5 |page=313}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |title=Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ |date=2012 |orig-date=first published 1968 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-011-9231-6 |page=79}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> {{Further|Princely states of India|Political integration of India}}<br /> Lord Mountbatten continued as the first Governor General of independent India. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] became the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel|Vallabhbhai Patel]] became the [[Home Minister|home minister]].<br /> <br /> Over 550 princely states, almost all of the states contiguous with the territory of India, acceded to India by 15 August. The exceptions were [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]], [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<br /> <br /> Contiguous to both India and Pakistan, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, on account of its 77% Muslim majority, was expected to accede to Pakistan. When Maharaja [[Hari Singh]] hesitated to do this, Pakistan launched a [[First Kashmir War|tribal invasion]] in an effort to persuade him. Instead, he chose to accede to India. The state has been [[Kashmir conflict|disputed]] between India and Pakistan ever since.&lt;ref name=&quot;SteinArnold2010&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Stein |first1=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |title=A History of India |url=https://archive.org/details/a-history-of-india-second-edition-2010 |edition=2nd |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6 |page=358}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The state of [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] initially acceded to Pakistan but faced a revolt from its Hindu population. India considered the accession of Junagadh invalid because it violated the principle of geographical contiguity of the partition, but Pakistan argued that the maritime border of Junagadh is connected to Pakistan by sea route. Following a breakdown of law and order, its [[Dewan]] requested India to take over the administration on 8 November 1947. India conducted a referendum in the state on 20 February 1948, in which the people voted overwhelmingly to join India.<br /> <br /> The state of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] had a majority Hindu population but also a Muslim ruler with a large Muslim minority. The [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] wanted to get Dominion status. Hyderabad elected to maintain its independence and lobbied internationally for recognition. However, it faced the pro-communist [[Telangana Rebellion]] and agitation by Indian nationalists opposed to its independence. On 13 September 1948, the Indian government launched an invasion of Hyderabad called [[Operation Polo]]. The Hyderabadi military was defeated over five days of fighting. With his state about to be over run, the Nizam signed the [[Instrument of Accession]], joining India. The formal integration of Hyderabad into the dominion of India took place much later on January 25, 1950, when the Nizam signed the Instrument of Accession with the central government. A day later, as India became a republic on January 26, the Nizam took over as the Raj Pramukh or governor.<br /> <br /> ===Pakistan===<br /> {{Further|Princely states of Pakistan}}<br /> [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] became the [[governor-general of Pakistan]], and [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] became the [[prime minister of Pakistan]].<br /> <br /> Between October 1947 and March 1948 the rulers of several Muslim-majority states signed instruments of accession to [[Princely states of Pakistan|join Pakistan]]. These included [[Amb (princely state)|Amb]], [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]], [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]], [[Khanate of Kalat|Kalat]], [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], [[Kharan (princely state)|Kharan]], [[Las Bela (princely state)|Las Bela]], [[Makran (princely state)|Makran]], and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]].&lt;ref name=Behera&gt;{{citation |first=Navnita Chadha |last=Behera |title=Demystifying Kashmir |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2007 |isbn=978-8131708460 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC |pages=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Z. H. Zaidi, ed., ''Jinnah Papers: The states: Historical and Policy Perspectives and Accession to Pakistan'', vol. VIII (Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, Government of Pakistan, 2003), p. 113&lt;/ref&gt; The Khanate of Kalat initially elected to resume its independence, until 27 March 1948 when its ruler acceded to Pakistan.<br /> <br /> ==Repeal==<br /> <br /> The Indian Independence Act was subsequently repealed in Article 395 of the [[Constitution of India]] and in Article 221 of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956]],&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Article 221: The Government of India Act, 1935, and the Indian Independence Act, 1947, together with all enactments amending or supplementing those Acts, are hereby repealed: Provided that the repeal of the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, applicable for the purposes of Article 230 shall not take effect until the first day of April, 1957.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; both constitutions being intended to bring about greater independence for the new states. The act has not been repealed in the United Kingdom, where it still has an effect, although some sections of it have been repealed.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indian independence movement]]<br /> *[[Pakistan Movement]]<br /> *[[Partition of India]]<br /> *[[Political integration of India]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{wikisource|Indian Independence Act 1947}}<br /> * [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1947/jul/15/indian-independence-bill Indian Independence Bill,1947] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503085240/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1947/jul/15/indian-independence-bill |date=3 May 2017 }}<br /> *{{cite web|access-date=30 April 2010 |title=Indian Independence Act 1947 (c.30) |work=Original Statute from The UK Statute Law Database|publisher=Office of Public Sector Information, National Archives, UK |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1947/pdf/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf}}<br /> *{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2008 |title=Indian Independence Act 1947 (c.30) |work=Revised Statute from The UK Statute Law Database |publisher=Office of Public Sector Information, National Archives, UK |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1947/cukpga_19470030_en_1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015151658/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1947/cukpga_19470030_en_1 |archive-date=15 October 2008 }}<br /> *[https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-empire/collections1/collections2/1947-indian-independence-act/ Image of the Act on the UK Parliamentary website]<br /> <br /> {{Indian independence movement}}<br /> {{Pakistan Movement}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1947 in Indian law]]<br /> [[Category:1947 in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:1947 in British law]]<br /> [[Category:Independence acts in the Parliament of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Partition of India]]<br /> [[Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1947]]<br /> [[Category:1947 in international relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–United Kingdom relations]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan–United Kingdom relations]]<br /> [[Category:Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning India]]<br /> [[Category:India and the Commonwealth of Nations]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan and the Commonwealth of Nations]]<br /> [[Category:July 1947 in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:July 1947 in the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956]]<br /> [[Category:Lord Mountbatten]]<br /> [[Category:Democratization]]<br /> [[Category:Territorial evolution of Bangladesh]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sargaalaya_Crafts_Village&diff=533205 2026-03-17T02:57:31Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating A Place!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> |name = Sargaalaya<br /> |image = Saargalaya_Boating.jpg<br /> |caption = Saargalaya Boating Facility<br /> |building_type=Crafts village<br /> |architectural_style=Ethnic<br /> |owner= [[Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society]]<br /> |location = [[Iringal]], [[Vatakara ]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|11.5601|75.6058|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> |pushpin_map = India Kerala<br /> |opened_date = 19 Feb 2011<br /> |website = {{url|http://sargaalaya.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sargaalaya''' is a {{convert|20|acre|adj=on}} arts and [[craft]]s village in [[Iringal]], near [[Vatakara]] in the [[Kozhikode]] district of Kerala, India.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Sargaalaya’s helping hand for artisans | website=The Hindu |date=19 July 2017 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/sargaalayas-helping-hand-for-artisans/article19387863.ece |access-date=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anima 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Anima |first=P. |title=Artistry unlimited |website=The Hindu |date=26 December 2014 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/sargotsav-at-sargaalaya-crafts-village-celebrates-handcrafted-traditional-artefacts/article6728296.ece |access-date=19 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was established at a cost of around 15 crores on 19 February 2011 by The Kerala Tourism Department. It was inaugurated by the then Home and Tourism Minister, Mr Kodiyeri Balakrishnan and the [[Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society]] received the contract to manage the crafts village for a period of ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kerala-arts-and-crafts-village-to-open-on-feb-19/article1458489.ece |title=Opening of crafts village |publisher=The Hindu Businessline |access-date=15 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kerala State Tourism award function is also held at the crafts village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://keralaitnews.com/6125/the-travel-planners-wins-recognition-for-innovative-use-of-it-in-tourism |title= Tourism awards |publisher= Kerala IT news |access-date=14 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sargaalaya has over 60 stalls selling various ethnic crafts and it also houses The Crafts Design and Technology development centre, which provides training for craftsmen to learn new techniques in traditional handicrafts.{{fact|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Sargaalaya International Arts &amp; Crafts Festival==<br /> The annual Sargaalaya International Arts &amp; Crafts Festival is held here from 20 December to 5 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/crafts-fair-to-liven-up-sargaalaya/article7973686.ece |title=International Crafts Fair and South India's biggest fair. |newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate=14 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2016 Sargalaya Festival had over 350 artisans from all over the world register for the Festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/At-Sargaalaya-a-celebration-of-crafts/article16901003.ece |title=Artisans from all over the world |newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate= 14 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> It is also considered to be South India's biggest handicraft fair. Around two hundred thousand (lakh) people visited the festival in 2015.<br /> <br /> == Boating ==<br /> The village also has recreational boating facility, as it is situated on the banks of the Kuttiady River. Both rowing and paddle boats are available.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite web | last=Prasad | first=K.V. |title=Crafts fair to liven up Sargaalaya |website=[[The Hindu]] | date=24 March 2016 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/crafts-fair-to-liven-up-sargaalaya/article7973686.ece |access-date=10 October 2017}}<br /> * {{cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |title=Sargaalaya all set for 5th Crafts Festival |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=20 December 2015 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151220/nation-current-affairs/article/sargaalaya-all-set-5th-crafts-festival |access-date=10 October 2017}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://sargaalaya.in Official website]<br /> * [https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/sargaalaya-arts-craft-village/171/ Sargaalaya Arts and Crafts Village]. Keralatourism.org.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian handicrafts]]<br /> [[Category:Tourism in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Arts of Kerala]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussain_Shah_Wali&diff=448749 2026-03-12T20:08:31Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Improved readability and structure</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> <br /> {{Short description|Sufi saint in Golconda Sultanate (d. 1620)}}<br /> {{primarysources|date=January 2008}}<br /> {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | background = <br /> | name = Hussain Shah Wali<br /> | image = <br /> | religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br /> | alias = <br /> | location = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], Kingdom of [[Golkonda]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(now in [[Telangana]], [[India]])&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> | Title = <br /> | Period = <br /> | Predecessor = <br /> | Successor = <br /> | ordination = <br /> | post = <br /> | previous_post = <br /> | present_post =<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> }}<br /> '''Hussain Shah Wali''' was a [[sufi]] [[saint]] of [[Golkonda]], during the reign of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]. He is credited with building the [[Hussain Sagar]] at Hyderabad in the year 1562. The [[mausoleum]] and [[shrine]] at the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]] called ''Dargah Hussain Shah Wali'' was built by [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] in his honour. He is a [[Hussain]]i ''[[sayyid]]'' and descendant of Khwaja Banda Nawaz. He died in 1620.<br /> <br /> ==Arrival at Golconda fort==<br /> Shah Wali arrived at Golconda, Hyderabad during the rule of Sultan Ibrahim Qutb Shah. The Sultan of Golconda was a follower of [[Shi'ism]] and shah wali was A Saiyed and the follower of Sufism . The sultan arranged for Shah Wali's stay, and in his first meeting gave Shah Wali the command over 10,000 troops and also named him secretary of royal construction works. After some time Sultan Ibrahim accepted him as his son in law.<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> <br /> Hussain Shah Wali died on 12 February 1620. <br /> <br /> ==Dargah of Hussain Shah Wali==<br /> <br /> The Darga of Saint Hussain Shah Wali is located at Shaikpet, about 2km north west of [[Golconda]]. The mausoleum and shrine near the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]] called [[Dargah Hussain Shah Wali]] was built by Abdullah Qutb Shah in his honour. <br /> <br /> It is commonly referred to as HS Darga or Shaikpet Darga by locals.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[http://www.ts.gov.in/tstourism/themes/heritage/heritage_monuments_hyderabad1_bottom.html Telangana State Tourism feature]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Wali}}<br /> [[Category:Indian Sufis]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:1620 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:17th-century Indian scholars]]<br /> {{India-reli-bio-stub}}<br /> --------------------------------<br /> https://www.scribd.com/document/542787004/A-brief-biography-of-Hazrat-Khaja-Hussian-Shah-Wali-Hyderabad<br /> ----------------------------------------</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_exercises_of_the_Indian_Air_Force&diff=471846 2026-03-09T13:30:32Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: small adjusted section for accuracy and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|None}}<br /> [[File:F-15 MiG-27.jpg|thumb|[[Indian Air Force]]'s [[Mikoyan MiG-27|MiG 27]] in a formation with [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]]'s [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15]] in exercise [[Cope India]] 2004]]<br /> [[File:IAF Su-30MKIs and RAF Eurofighter Typhoons during Indradhanush exercise.jpg|thumb|IAF [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKIs]] and [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]s during [[Indradhanush]] 2010 exercise]]<br /> The Indian Air Force engages in multiple [[military exercise]]s with foreign nations and their air forces to increase interoperability between themselves. Some are also multinational exercise. The following is a '''list of exercises of the Indian Air Force'''.:<br /> <br /> # [[Exercise Garuda]] (India, France)<br /> # [[Cope India]] (India, United States)<br /> # SINDEX (India, Singapore)<br /> # Gaganshakti (only India)<br /> # [[Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise)|Indradhanush]] (India, UK)<br /> # [[Exercise Red Flag]] (Multinational, Host: USA)<br /> # Exercise Desert Eagle (India, UAE)<br /> # Exercise Eastern Bridge (India, Oman)<br /> # [[Iron Fist (exercise)|Exercise Iron Fist]] (only India)<br /> # [[Red Flag – Alaska]] (Multinational, Host: United States)<br /> # Siam Bharat (India, Thailand)<br /> # Pralay Shayam ([[Disaster response]] exercise)<br /> # [[INDRA (naval exercise)|Exercise INDRA]] –bilateral (India, Russia)<br /> # [[Blue Flag (Israeli Air Force exercise)|Exercise Blue Flag]] (Multinational, Host: Israel)<br /> # Exercise DANX (only India)<br /> # [[Exercise Pitch Black]] (Multinational, Host: Australia)<br /> # Aviaindra (India, Russia)<br /> # Shinyuu Maitri (India, Japan)<br /> # [[Exercise Vayushakti|Vayushakti]] (only India)<br /> # Exercise Desert Knight (India, France, UAE)<br /> # Exercise Desert Warrior (India, Egypt)<br /> # Exercise Cobra Warrior (Multinational, Host: United Kingdom)<br /> # Exercise Udara Shakti (India, Malaysia)<br /> # Bharat Shakti (Tri-service)<br /> # [[Exercise Tarang Shakti]] (Multinational, Host: India)<br /> # Exercise INIOCHOS (Multinational, Host: Greece)<br /> # Exercise Desert Flag (Multinational, Host: UAE)<br /> # [[Exercise Aakraman]] (only India)<br /> # Exercise Tiger Claw (India, United States) (Special Forces)<br /> # Exercise Ocean Sky (Multinational, Host: Spain)<br /> <br /> The Indian Air Force's participation in multinational air exercises has evolved significantly over the decades. From early bilateral training drills to hosting full-scale multilateral exercises such as Tarang Shakti, this evolution has reflected India’s growing airpower confidence, interoperability goals, and strategic partnerships. A detailed historical narrative on this transformation has been documented.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Anchit |title=Diffidence to Strength: Multinational Air Exercises in Indian Skies |url=https://iafhistory.in/2024/08/03/diffidence-to-strength-multinational-air-exercises-in-indian-skies/ |website=IAFHistory |date=3 August 2024 |access-date=5 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == 1963 ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Name<br /> !Participating Country<br /> !Units<br /> !Date<br /> !Location<br /> !References<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''1963'''<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Shiksha<br /> |<br /> * Australia,<br /> * India (Host),<br /> * United Kingdom,<br /> * United States<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[Palam Airport|Palam AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Exercise Shiksha |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/iaf/history/1950s/shiksha01/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == 2000 – 2010 ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Name<br /> !Participating Country<br /> !Units<br /> !Date<br /> !Location<br /> !References<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2003'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda I]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[Gwalior Airport|Maharajpur AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2004'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Cope India]]<br /> |United States<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]<br /> |16 - 27 February<br /> |[[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=144|title=Exercise Cope India 04|website=indianairforce.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619073549/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=144|archive-date=2009-06-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://theaviationist.com/2014/05/02/cope-india-2004-results/|title=Cope India: when India's Russian jets achieved a surprising 9:1 kill ratio against U.S. F-15s|date=2014-05-02|work=The Aviationist|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Sindex I<br /> |Singapore<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior AFS]], India<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2005'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda II]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[Istres Air Base]], France<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exercise Garuda V – Strengthening strategic partnership |url=https://www.spsmai.com/aerospace/?id=3040&amp;q=Exercise-Garuda-V-%E2%80%93-Strengthening-strategic-partnership\ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.spsmai.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2006'''<br /> |-<br /> |Sindex II<br /> |Singapore<br /> |<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> |3 - 20 January <br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=14593|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Gagan Shakti<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> |4 - 27 September<br /> |<br /> * [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command]]<br /> * [[South Western Air Command]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=23623|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise)|Indradhanush]] I<br /> |United Kingdom<br /> |<br /> |2 - 13 October<br /> |[[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Sindex III<br /> |Singapore<br /> |<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> |8 November<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=21808|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Sindex IV<br /> |Singapore<br /> |<br /> |8 - 22 December<br /> |[[Paya Lebar Air Base]], Singapore<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2007'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda III]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> |13 - 25 February<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-02-13 |title=Indo-French joint air exercise Garuda-III begins |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive2/erelease.aspx |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise)|Indradhanush]] II<br /> |United Kingdom<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> |<br /> |[[RAF Waddington]], United Kingdom<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive.cfm?storyid=BE8B53D9-1143-EC82-2E1D1D967FFBDE9F|title=RAF - News by Date|last=here|first=RAF Details|website=www.raf.mod.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Sindex V<br /> |Singapore<br /> |<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]], [[No. 18 Squadron IAF|No. 18 Squadron]]<br /> |26 November - 13 December<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/press_room/official_releases/nr/2007/nov/26nov07_nr.html|title=Singapore and India in Bilateral Air Exercise - SINDEX 07|website=www.mindef.gov.sg|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=290|title=EXERCISE SINDEX 2007|website=indianairforce.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2008'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Red Flag|Red Flag]]<br /> |United States (Host), India, France, South Korea<br /> |<br /> * 8 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 2 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 2 [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> * 247 [[Garud Commando Force|Garud Commandos]]<br /> |9 - 23 August<br /> |[[Nellis Air Force Base|Nellis AFB]], United States<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=41679|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=41199|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=40103|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=258|title=Exercises - Red Flag Aug 08|website=indianairforce.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Desert Eagle I<br /> |UAE<br /> |<br /> |September<br /> |[[Al Dhafra Air Base|Al-Dhafra airbase]], UAE<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-holds-air-combat-exercise-with-UAE/articleshow/52468271.cms|title=India holds air combat exercise with UAE - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2009'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Cope India]]<br /> |United States<br /> |<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> * [[Antonov An-32]]<br /> * [[Mil Mi-17]]<br /> * [[Garud Commando Force|Garud Commandos]]<br /> |19 - 23 October<br /> |[[Agra AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=361|title=Indo-US Exercise - Cope India 2009 - SP's Aviation|website=www.sps-aviation.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=262|title=EXERCISE COPE INDIA 09|website=indianairforce.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Eastern Bridge I<br /> |Oman<br /> |<br /> * 6 [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> |31 October<br /> |[[Jamnagar Airport|Jamnagar AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/India-Oman-conduct-first-joint-air-exercise/article16889518.ece|title=India, Oman conduct first joint air exercise|last=Dikshit|first=Sandeep|date=2009-10-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2010'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Vayushakti|Vayushakti]] 10<br /> |—<br /> |[[Fighter aircraft]]<br /> * [[Su-30MKI]]<br /> * [[Mirage 2000]]<br /> * [[MiG-27]] <br /> * [[MiG-29]]<br /> <br /> Helicopters<br /> <br /> * [[Mi-35]] ([[attack helicopter]]; [[No. 104 Helicopter Squadron, IAF|104 Squadron]])<br /> * [[Mi-17]] ([[Transport helicopter|medium-lift helicopter]])<br /> <br /> [[Military transport aircraft|Transport aircraft]]<br /> <br /> * [[Il-76]] (heavy-lift; [[No. 44 Squadron IAF|44 Squadron]])<br /> * [[An-32]] (medium-lift)<br /> <br /> [[AWACS]]<br /> <br /> * [[Beriev A-50#A-50EI|A-50EI]] ([[No. 50 Squadron IAF|50 Squadron]])<br /> <br /> [[Indian Special Forces]]<br /> <br /> * [[Garud Commando Force]]<br /> * [[Para SF]]<br /> * [[MARCOS]]<br /> <br /> [[Aerobatics team]]<br /> <br /> * [[Surya Kiran]]<br /> * [[Sarang display team|Sarang]]<br /> |28 February<br /> |Chandan Fire Range, [[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2010-02-28 |title=IAF carries out fire power exercise using frontline aircraft |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/iaf-carries-out-fire-power-exercise-using-frontline-aircraft-411725 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611030457/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/iaf-carries-out-fire-power-exercise-using-frontline-aircraft-411725 |archive-date=2017-06-11 |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2010-03-03 |title=Vayu Shakti 2010 Exercise |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/vayu-shakti-2010-exercise-43.39 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616210308/https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/vayu-shakti-2010-exercise-43.39 |archive-date=2024-06-16 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=India TV News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda IV]]<br /> |India, France (Host), Singapore<br /> |<br /> * 6 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 3 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> |14 - 25 June<br /> |[[Istres Air Base]], France<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-14 |title=Exercise 'GARUDA' begins |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive2/erelease.aspx |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise)|Indradhanush]] III<br /> |United Kingdom<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * [[Beriev A-50]]<br /> |18 October - 3 November<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], West Bengal<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Information Bureau |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=68741 |access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == 2011 – 2020 ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Name<br /> !Participating Country<br /> !Units<br /> !Date<br /> !Location<br /> !References<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2011'''<br /> |-<br /> |Eastern Bridge II<br /> |Oman<br /> |<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]] ([[No. 6 Squadron IAF|6 Squadron]])<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-29]] ([[No. 28 Squadron IAF|28 Squadron]])<br /> |22 October<br /> |[[Jamnagar Airport|Jamnagar AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/second-indiaoman-joint-air-exercises-end/article2562726.ece|title=Second India-Oman joint air exercises end|date=2011-10-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Air Force exercises |url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/category/exercises/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=indianairforce.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2013'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Iron Fist (exercise)|Iron Fist]]<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-29]]<br /> * [[HAL Tejas]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> * [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]<br /> * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]<br /> * [[Antonov An-32]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> * [[Beriev A-50]]<br /> * [[Mil Mi-8]]<br /> * [[Mil Mi-17]]<br /> * [[Mi-35|Mil Mi-35]]<br /> |February 2013<br /> |[[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/iron-fist-2013-indian-air-force-fire-power-capabilities-pokhran-range-rajasthan-369264-2013-02-23|title=Iron Fist 2013: IAF displays precision fire power capabilities in Pokhran range - {{!}} Photo1 {{!}} India Today {{!}}|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|date=23 February 2013 |access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-pics-iaf-s-firepower-at-iron-fist-along-pak-border/20130222.htm#3|title=PICS: IAFs supremacy at IRON FIST along Pak border - Rediff.com News|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-air-force-displays-prowess-at-pokhran-air-show-514297|title=Indian Air Force displays prowess at Pokhran air show|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2014'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda V]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 4 [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> * 4 [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Beriev A-50]]<br /> |2 - 13 June<br /> |[[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exercise Garuda V – Strengthening strategic partnership |url=https://www.spsmai.com/aerospace/?id=3040&amp;q=Exercise-Garuda-V-%E2%80%93-Strengthening-strategic-partnership\ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.spsmai.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.ambafrance.org/Indo-French-Air-Exercise-Garuda-V|title=Indo-French Air Exercise &quot;Garuda V&quot;|website=La France en Inde / France in India|language=en|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Air Exercise Between Indian Air Force and French Air Force (Exercise Garuda V) Commences at Jodhpur |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=105348 |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-11-01 |website=pib.nic.in |archive-date=2017-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004952/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=105348 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2015'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise)|Indradhanush]] IV<br /> |[[United Kingdom]]<br /> |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]], [[No. 2 Squadron IAF|No. 2 Squadron]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |30 July<br /> |[[RAF Coningsby]] and [[RAF Brize Norton]], United Kingdom<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aviationweek.com/blog/exercise-indradhanush-flankers-and-typhoons-battle-british-skies|title=Exercise Indradhanush: Flankers And Typhoons Battle In British Skies|website=aviationweek.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2016'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Iron Fist (exercise)|Iron Fist]]<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[HAL Tejas]]<br /> * [[Surya Kiran|Suryakiran Aerobatic Team]]<br /> * [[Garud Commando Force]]<br /> |18 March<br /> |[[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-air-force-to-showcase-combat-capability-at-iron-fist-2016/articleshow/51347596.cms|title=Indian Air Force to showcase combat capability at Iron Fist-2016|date=2016-03-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-iron-fist-2016-iaf-showcases-combat-capabilities-in-pokhran-2191061|title=Iron Fist 2016: IAF showcases combat capabilities in Pokhran {{!}} Latest News &amp; Updates at Daily News &amp; Analysis|date=2016-03-18|work=dna|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Red Flag – Alaska]] 16-1<br /> |[[United States]]<br /> |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 4 [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * 2 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |28 April - May 13<br /> |[[Eielson Air Force Base|Eielson AFB]], United States<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-and-us-fly-red-flag-high/article8601788.ece|title=India and U.S. fly 'Red Flag' high|date=2016-05-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=142479|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=145357|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Desert Eagle II<br /> |UAE<br /> |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> |May 24 - June 3<br /> |[[Al Dhafra Air Base|Al-Dhafra airbase]], UAE<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145749|title=IAF Participation in Ex Desert Eagle – II at UAE|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145958|title=Exercise Desert Eagle-II Concludes Today|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Siam Bharat I<br /> |Thailand<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-18 |title=Joint Military Exercises |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1539020 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2017'''<br /> |-<br /> |Eastern Bridge IV<br /> |Oman<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-29|Mikoyan Mig-29]]<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> |16 - 20 January<br /> |[[Jamnagar Airport|Jamnagar AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/iaf-and-royal-air-force-of-oman-to-hold-joint-exercise/articleshow/56606005.cms|title=Indian Air Force and Royal Air Force of Oman to hold joint exercise - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157489|title=Indian AIR Force and Royal AIR Force of OMAN Chiefs review exercise eastern BRIDGE-IV at Jamnagar|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabianaerospace.aero/oman-continues-to-build-bridges-with-india.html|title=Arabian Aerospace - Oman continues to build bridges with India|website=www.arabianaerospace.aero|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Siam Bharat II<br /> |Thailand<br /> |<br /> |22 - 26 May<br /> |[[Chiang Mai]], Thailand<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=162163|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/iaf-participates-in-joint-exercise-with-thai-air-force-117052601523_1.html|title=IAF participates in joint exercise with Thai air force|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2017-05-26|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-iaf-participates-in-joint-exercise-with-thai-air-force-2452099|title=IAF participates in joint exercise with Thai air force {{!}} Latest News &amp; Updates at Daily News &amp; Analysis|date=2017-05-26|work=dna|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Sri Lanka<br /> |<br /> * Air warrior drill team<br /> |9 - 14 July<br /> |[[Colombo]], Sri Lanka<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=167440|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/iaf-conducts-fiveday-exercise-with-lankan-air-force/1099392|title=IAF conducts five-day exercise with Lankan air force|website=www.outlookindia.com|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/content/indian-air-force-conducts-exercises-sri-lankan-troops-amparai|title=Indian Air Force conducts exercises with Sri Lankan troops in Amparai {{!}} Tamil Guardian|website=www.tamilguardian.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Pralay Shayam ([[Disaster response]] exercise)<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> * [[Mil Mi-17]]<br /> * [[HAL Dhruv]]<br /> * [[HAL Chetak]]<br /> |23 September<br /> |[[Hyderabad]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-23 |title=Multi-Agency Exercise 'Pralay Sahayam' Held |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=171060 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[INDRA (Naval Exercise)|Indra]] (tri-service)<br /> |Russia<br /> |<br /> * 2 [[Ilyushin Il-76]]<br /> |19 - 29 October<br /> |Sergeyvsky Training Ranges, Russia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-01 |title=Joint Indo-Russia Tri-Services Exercise Indra-2017 successfully conducted |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1507833 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Blue Flag (Israeli Air Force exercise)|Blue Flag]]<br /> |<br /> Israel (Host), India and 6 other nations<br /> |<br /> * 1 [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]<br /> * 45 [[Garud Commando Force|Garud Commandos]]<br /> |2 - 6 November<br /> |Uvda Air Force Base, Israel<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=173108|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/India-Air-Force-heads-to-Israel-to-begin-military-air-exercises-512027|title=India Air Force heads to Israel to begin military air exercises|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|access-date=2017-11-02 |issn=0792-822X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iaf-to-participate-in-multilateral-air-exercise-in-israel/articleshow/61374325.cms|title=IAF to participate in multilateral air exercise in Israel|date=2017-10-31|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.defensenews.com/training-sim/2017/03/21/israeli-air-force-to-host-7-nations-in-its-largest-ever-air-drill/|title=Israeli Air Force to host 7 nations in its largest-ever air drill|last=Opall-Rome|first=Barbara|date=2017-08-08|work=Defense News|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |DANX (Defence of Andaman &amp; Nicobar Exercise)<br /> | —<br /> |<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]<br /> |20 - 24 November<br /> |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-11-24 |title=As China becomes more aggressive, in a first Indian Military conducts exercise to Liberate Andaman |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-indian-military-andaman-indian-navy-1093675-2017-11-24 |access-date=2017-11-27 |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2018'''<br /> |-<br /> |Gaganshakti<br /> | —<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-29|Mikoyan Mig-29]]<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * [[HAL Tejas]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-27]]<br /> * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> |8 - 22 April<br /> |India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/iaf-kicks-off-its-biggest-combat-drill-gagan-shakti-in-jaisalmer/articleshow/63721431.cms|title=IAF kicks off its biggest combat drill Gagan Shakti in Jaisalmer - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-air-force-shows-its-might-at-gagan-shakti/shoot-for-the-sky/slideshow/63770964.cms|title=Indian Air Force shows its might at war exercise 'Gagan Shakti' - Show of strength|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gagan-shakti-2018-indian-air-force-sukhoi-fighter-jet-refuelled-mid-air-in-big-wargames-exercise-1837580|title=Air Force Sukhoi Fighter Jet Refuel Mid-Air In Big Wargames Exercise|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Pitch Black|Pitch Black]]<br /> |<br /> Australia (Host), India and 10 other nations<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> * 1 [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]<br /> * 145 [[Garud Commando Force|Garud Commandos]]<br /> |27 July - 18 August<br /> |Darwin Air Force Base, Australia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180973|title=Indian Air Force Participates for the First Time in Exercise Pitch Black – 18 with Royal Australian Air Force|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/indias-air-force-to-participate-in-australias-pitch-black-air-combat-exercise/|title=India's Air Force to Participate in Australia's 'Pitch Black' Air Combat Exercise|last=Diplomat|first=Franz-Stefan Gady, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181966|title=Conclusion: Exercise Pitch Black 2018, RAAF Base Darwin, Australia (24 Jul 18 – 18 Aug 18)|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Bi-lateral exercise<br /> |Indonesia<br /> |20 - 22 August<br /> |Subang Air Base, Malaysia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=182029|title=IAF Contingent Returns to India on Completion of Ex Pitch Black 2018|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Aviaindra<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Russia<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Mikoyan MiG-29|Mikoyan Mig-29]]<br /> * [[Mil Mi-8]]<br /> |17 - 28 September<br /> |Lipetsk, Russia<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183578|title=Exercise Aviaindra-18 Commences at Lipetsk (Russia)|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183879|title=Exercise Aviaindra-18|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |10 - 22 December<br /> |[[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur]], India<br /> |-<br /> |[[Cope India]]<br /> |United States<br /> |<br /> |3 - 14 December<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda]] and [[Air Force Station Arjan Singh|Panagarh Air Force Stations]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/default-subsec/defence/air-forces-of-the-us-and-india-to-hold-joint-exercise-cope-india-2019/articleshow/66868769.cms|title=Air forces of the US and India to hold joint exercise 'Cope India 2019'|date=2018-11-29|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Shinyuu Maitri - Bi-Lateral Exercise<br /> |Japan<br /> |<br /> * [[C-17 Globemaster]]<br /> * [[Antonov An-32]]<br /> |03-7 December<br /> |[[Agra Airport|AFS Agra]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-08 |title=EX SHINYUU Maitri-2018 With JASDF Commences |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=186087 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2019'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Vayushakti|Vayushakti]] 19<br /> |—<br /> |<br /> |16 February<br /> |[[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=EXERCISE VAYUSHAKTI-2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2001820 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=Exercise Vayu Shakti-24: IAF showcases its offensive capabilities at Pokhran |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/exercise-vayu-shakti-24-iaf-showcases-its-offensive-capabilities-at-pokhran-101708189111874.html |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garud VI]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> *[[Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]] <br /> *[[Dassault Rafale]]<br /> *[[Ilyushin IL-78]]<br /> *[[C-17 Globemaster]]<br /> |1 - 12 July<br /> |[[Mont-de-Marsan]], France<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-19 |title=Culmination of Exercise Garuda-VI |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1579692 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == 2020 – present ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Name<br /> !Participating Country<br /> !Units<br /> !Date<br /> !Location<br /> !References<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2021'''<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Desert Knight 21<br /> |India &amp; France<br /> |<br /> * '''India'''- [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30 MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], [[Beriev A-50]], [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130-J]] and [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> * '''France'''- [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]], [[Airbus A330 MRTT|A330 MRTT]], [[Airbus A400M Atlas|A400M]]<br /> |23 January<br /> |[[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IAF and FASF Conclude Ex Desert Knight 2021 |url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/ex-desert-knight-2021/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=indianairforce.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Desert Warrior- Joint Tactical Air Exercise<br /> |Egypt <br /> |<br /> |30-31 October <br /> |El Berigat Air Base, Egypt<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 2, 2021 |title=Air forces of India and Egypt conduct two-day joint exercise {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/air-forces-of-india-and-egypt-conduct-two-day-joint-exercise/articleshow/87492637.cms |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en |agency=PTI}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2022'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Pitch Black|Pitch Black]]<br /> |<br /> Australia (Host), India and 15 other nations<br /> |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |27 July - 18 August<br /> ||[[RAAF Base Darwin|Darwin Air Force Base]], Australia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=Exercise Pitch Black 2022 Concludes |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1858987 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda VII]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> * [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * [[Dassault Rafale]]<br /> * [[HAL Tejas]]<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]<br /> * [[HAL Prachand]]<br /> * [[Mil Mi-17]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * other unspecified [[Airborne early warning and control|AEW&amp;C]]<br /> |26 October to 12 November<br /> |[[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=EXERCISE GARUDA - VII AT AIR FORCE STATION JODHPUR |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1871611 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Garuda VII |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/garuda-vii |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2023'''<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Cobra Warrior 23-1<br /> |<br /> * United Kingdom (Host),<br /> * Belgium,<br /> * Finland,<br /> * India,<br /> * Saudi Arabia,<br /> * United States<br /> |145 personnel<br /> * 5 [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 2 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |6 March to 24 March<br /> |<br /> * [[RAF Waddington]]<br /> * [[RAF Coningsby]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-16 |title=Exercise COBRA WARRIOR |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/stations/raf-coningsby/news/exercise-cobra-warrior/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=raf.mod.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-26 |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE TO PARTICIPATE IN EXERCISE COBRA WARRIOR AT WADDINGTON IN UK |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1902576 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2024'''<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Desert Knight 24<br /> |<br /> * India (Host),<br /> * France,<br /> * United Arab Emirates<br /> |<br /> * '''India'''- [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30 MKI]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[Beriev A-50]], [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130-J]] and [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> * '''France'''- [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]], [[Airbus A330 MRTT|A330 MRTT]]<br /> * '''UAE'''- [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]<br /> |23 January<br /> |[[Arabian Sea]], Indian [[Flight information service|FIS]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title=Indian Air Force (IAF) conducts 'Exercise Desert Knight' with France and UAE counterparts. Check visuals here |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-air-force-iaf-conducts-exercise-desert-knight-with-france-and-uae-counterparts-check-visuals-here/articleshow/107102825.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-24 |title=PRESS RELEASE: EX- DESERT KNIGHT |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1999010 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Vayushakti|Vayushakti]] 24<br /> |—<br /> |&gt;121 aircraft<br /> <br /> * Fighter jets – [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]], [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30 MKI]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk]]<br /> * Transport aircraft – [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J]]<br /> * Helicopter – [[HAL Prachand|Prachand]], [[HAL Dhruv|Dhruv]], [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|Chinook]], [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache]], [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]]<br /> * Surface to Air Missiles – [[Akash (missile)|Akash]], [[SAMAR Air Defence System|SAMAR]]<br /> |17 February<br /> |[[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-14 |title=Big &quot;Supersonic&quot; Bang: IAF's Exercise Vayu Shakti 2024 set to impress |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/big-supersonic-bang-iafs-exercise-vayu-shakti-2024-set-to-impress/articleshow/107683952.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Bharat Shakti (Tri-service)<br /> |—<br /> |<br /> * [[HAL Tejas]]<br /> * [[HAL Dhruv]]<br /> * [[HAL Rudra]]<br /> * [[HAL Prachand]]<br /> |12 March<br /> |[[Pokhran]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-03-12 |title=Bharat Shakti exercise tests tri-service fire power, showcases indigenous defence equipment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-speech-in-bharat-shakti-exercise-in-pokhran-rajasthan-on-march-12-2024/article67942545.ece |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exercise Bharat Shakti |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-bharat-shakti |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Smruti |date=2024-03-14 |title=Here are all 'Made in India' weapons systems showcased during tri-service 'Bharat Shakti' exercise |url=https://theprint.in/defence/here-are-all-made-in-india-weapons-systems-showcased-during-tri-service-bharat-shakti-exercise/2000772/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-03-09 |title=Tri-service exercise 'Bharat Shakti' to demonstrate prowess of indigenously manufactured equipment |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tri-service-exercise-bharat-shakti-to-demonstrate-prowess-of-indigenously-manufactured-equipment/articleshow/108352024.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Gaganshakti<br /> |—<br /> |[[List of active Indian military aircraft#Air Force|All units of IAF]]<br /> |1 - 10 April<br /> |India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gagan Shakti-2024 |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/state-pcs-current-affairs/gagan-shakti-2024 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-03-26 |title=Indian Army provides logistic support to Indian Air Force for upcoming Exercise Gagan Shakti |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-provides-logistic-support-to-indian-air-force-for-upcoming-exercise-gagan-shakti/articleshow/108796932.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Sumit |date=2024-04-02 |title=IAF's 10-day mega exercise 'Gagan Shakti' begins from April 1-10 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/iafs-10-day-mega-exercise-gagan-shakti-begins-from-april-1-10/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Red Flag – Alaska]] 24-2<br /> |<br /> * Germany,<br /> * India,<br /> * Netherlands,<br /> * Singapore,<br /> * United Kingdom<br /> * United States (Host)<br /> |<br /> * 8 [[Dassault Rafale]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |4 - 14 June<br /> |[[Eielson Air Force Base]], United States<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-16 |title=IAF's Rafale aircraft participate in Red Flag exercise in Alaska |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iafs-rafale-aircraft-participate-in-red-flag-exercise-in-alaska/articleshow/111039680.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Indian Air Force participates in Red Flag Alaska 24-2 |url=https://www.eielson.af.mil/News/Display/Article/3809443/indian-air-force-participates-in-red-flag-alaska-24-2/https://www.eielson.af.mil/News/Display/Article/3809443/indian-air-force-participates-in-red-flag-alaska-24-2/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Eielson Air Force Base |language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Pitch Black|Pitch Black]]<br /> |<br /> Australia (Host), India and 18 other nations<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> * 4 [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi Su-30 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78 MKI|Ilyushin IL-78 MKI]]<br /> * 1 [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]<br /> |27 July - 18 August<br /> |[[RAAF Base Darwin|Darwin Air Force Base]], Australia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE EX PITCH BLACK 2024 AT DARWIN, AUSTRALIA |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032522 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Press Information Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Udara Shakti<br /> |Malaysia<br /> |5 - 9 August<br /> |[[Kuantan]], Malaysia<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=1820661813203128669 |user=DDNewsLive |title=The Indian Air Force contingent arrived at Kuantan, Malaysia to participate in bilateral Air Exercise Udara Shakti- 2024 with the Royal Malaysian Air Force... |date=2024-08-06 |access-date=2024-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |last2=ThePrint |date=2024-07-09 |title=IAF's Su-30 MKIs to be part of 20-nation mega 'Exercise Pitch Black' in Australia |url=https://theprint.in/india/iafs-su-30-mkis-to-be-part-of-20-nation-mega-exercise-pitch-black-in-australia/2167634/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Tarang Shakti]]<br /> |'''Phase I'''<br /> * India (Host),<br /> * France,<br /> * Germany,<br /> * Spain,<br /> * United Kingdom.<br /> '''Phase II'''<br /> <br /> * India (Host),<br /> * Australia<br /> * Bangladesh,<br /> * Greek,<br /> * Singapore,<br /> * United Arab Emirates<br /> * United States<br /> |<br /> |'''Phase I'''– 6 - 14 August<br /> <br /> '''Phase II'''– 29 August to 14 September<br /> <br /> |<br /> * [[Sulur Air Force Station|Sulur AFS]]<br /> * [[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur AFS]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=What is Tarang Shakti, the largest military exercise that India will host? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-is-tarang-shakti-the-largest-military-exercise-that-india-will-host-101722435902901.html |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=Exercise Tarang Shakti: India's Largest multinational air exercise to begin on August 6 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/exercise-tarang-shakti-indias-largest-multinational-air-exercise-to-begin-on-august-6-3131281 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Eastern Bridge VII<br /> |Oman<br /> |'''India''': [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[Sepecat Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]]<br /> '''Oman''': [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]], [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk]]<br /> |11 - 22 September<br /> |[[RAFO Masirah]], Oman<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-11 |title=IAF AIRCRAFT SET COURSE FOR EXERCISE EASTERN BRIDGE VII AT OMAN |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2053702 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-21 |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETES EXERCISE EASTERN BRIDGE VIIAT RAFO MASIRAH |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2057325 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Joint Military Training <br /> |Singapore<br /> |'''India''': [[Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[Sepecat Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]]<br /> '''Singapore''': [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]], [[F-15]], [[EL/W-2085|G-550 AEW&amp;C]], [[C-130]]<br /> |21 October - 9 December<br /> |[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]], India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=India, Singapore kick off air force exercise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/india-and-singapore-launch-major-joint-air-force-exercise/articleshow/114440806.cms |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2025'''<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise INIOCHOS-25<br /> |Greece (Host), India and 13 other nations<br /> |<br /> * [[Su-30MKI]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> * [[C-17]]<br /> |31 March - 11 April<br /> |[[Andravida Air Base]], Greece<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-03-30 |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE TO PARTICIPATE IN MULTI-NATION AIR EXERCISE INIOCHOS-25 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116710 |access-date=2025-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Desert Flag-10<br /> |UAE (Host), India and 10 other nations<br /> |<br /> * [[MiG-29]]<br /> * [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]]<br /> |21 April - 8 May<br /> |[[Al Dhafra Air Base]], UAE<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-20 |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE PARTICIPATES IN MULTINATIONAL EXERCISE DESERT FLAG-10 IN UAE |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2123037 |access-date=2025-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-20 |title=India deploys MiG-29 &amp; Jaguar jets for multi-nation Desert Flag exercise in UAE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-deploys-mig-29-jaguar-jets-for-multi-nation-desert-flag-exercise-in-uae/articleshow/120454919.cms |access-date=2025-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Aakraman]]<br /> |India<br /> |<br /> |Late April<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 April 2025 |title=Amid tensions with Pakistan, what does India's 'Aakraman' exercise indicate? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-air-force-aakraman-military-exercise-meaning-pakistan-pahalgam-terror-attack-2715095-2025-04-25 |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Tiger Claw<br /> |United States<br /> |(Special Forces exercise)<br /> |26 May - 10 June<br /> |[[Garud Commando Force|Garud]] Regimental Training Centre (GRTC), [[Chandigarh Air Force Station]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2025-06-11 |title=India, US conduct maiden Special Forces drill ‘Tiger Claw’ to boost interoperability |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Jun/11/india-us-conduct-maiden-special-forces-drill-tiger-claw-to-boost-interoperability |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is ‘Exercise Tiger Claw’? The maiden Special Forces drill between India, US to boost interoperability |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/what-is-exercise-tiger-claw-the-maiden-special-forces-drill-between-india-us-to-boost-interoperability-cccc8ro8 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Exercise Ocean Sky 2025<br /> |Spain (Host), India and other nations<br /> |<br /> |20 - 31 October<br /> |[[Gando Air Base]], Spain<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-23 |title=Indian Air Force participates in multinational exercise Ocean Sky 2025 in Spain |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/indian-air-force-participates-in-multinational-exercise-ocean-sky-2025-in-spain20251023152020/ |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=ANI News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Garuda|Garuda VIII]]<br /> |France<br /> |<br /> * 6 [[Su-30MKI]]<br /> * 3 [[C-17]]<br /> * 1 [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> |16 – 27 November<br /> |[[Mont-de-Marsan Air Base]], France<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=Exercise Garuda 25: Indian Air Force participates in the 8th edition of bilateral air exercise with French Air and Space Force |date=2025-11-15 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2190299 |access-date=2025-11-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=Garuda 2025 Exercise |date=2025-11-12 |publisher=French Embassy in India |url=https://in.ambafrance.org/Garuda-2025-Exercise |access-date=2025-11-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |AviaIndra<br /> |Russia<br /> |<br /> * [[Su-30MKI]]<br /> * [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> * [[Mi-17]]<br /> |15 – 22 December<br /> |India<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=2000942358746292253 |user=IAF_MCC |title=The #IAF is hosting Exercise AviaIndra-2025, a joint exercise with the Russian Federation Aerospace Force (RFASF) from 15–22 Dec 2025... |date=2025-12-16 |access-date=2025-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-17 |title=India-Russia defence ties: IAF hosts joint Exercise AviaIndra-2025; bilateral cooperation, aerospace synergy in focus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-russia-defence-ties-iaf-hosts-joint-exercise-aviaindra-2025-bilateral-cooperation-aerospace-synergy-in-focus/articleshow/126031546.cms |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-18 |title=AviaIndra-2025 Reflects Strategic Continuity in India-Russia Defence and Airpower Collaboration |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/news/iaf-hosts-aviaindra-2025-india-russia-defence-ties-aerospace-synergy-169161/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=indianmasterminds.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2026'''<br /> |-<br /> |Indo Thai In-situ Exercise<br /> |India and Thailand<br /> |<br /> * [[Su-30MKI]]<br /> * [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]]<br /> |9 - 12 February<br /> |[[Indian Ocean]] Region<br /> |Exercise included IAF [[EL/W-2090|AWACS]] and Thai [[Gripen]] and [[Ground-control intercept|Ground Control Interception]] (GCI).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=The Indian Air Force (IAF) conducts in-situ Joint Exercise with Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) in Indian Ocean Region |date=2026-02-13 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2227536&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1 |access-date=2026-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Exercise Vayushakti|Vayushakti]] 26<br /> |—<br /> |77 fighter aircraft, 43 helicopters and eight transport aircraft, with 277 weapons and 12,000 kg of explosives.<br /> * Fighter jets – [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]], [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30 MKI]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]], [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk]]<br /> * Transport aircraft – [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J]], [[C-295]], [[C-17]]<br /> * Helicopter – [[HAL Prachand|Prachand]], [[HAL Rudra|Rudra]], [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|Chinook]], [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache]], [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]]<br /> * Surface to Air Missiles – [[Akash (missile)|Akash]], [[SPYDER]]<br /> * Short Range Loitering Munitions (SRLM), Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems (CUAS)<br /> |27 February<br /> |[[Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Air-to-Ground Range]], [[Jaisalmer]], India<br /> |Motto: &quot;Achook, Abhedya aur Sateek&quot;.<br /> The exercise will be undertaken during day, dusk and night.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=Curtain Raiser Exercise Vayushakti 2026 |date=2026-02-11 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2226479&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1 |access-date=2026-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=From Rafale to Tejas: IAF gears up for full-spectrum air power display at Vayushakti-26 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/defence/news/from-rafale-to-tejas-iaf-gears-up-for-full-spectrum-air-power-display-at-vayushakti-26/articleshow/128672411.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&amp;aoh=17717720694563&amp;csi=0&amp;referrer=https://www.google.com&amp;ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/defence/news/from-rafale-to-tejas-iaf-gears-up-for-full-spectrum-air-power-display-at-vayushakti-26/articleshow/128672411.cms |access-date=2026-02-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of exercises of the Indian Army]]<br /> * [[List of Indian Naval deployments]]<br /> * [[Exercise TROPEX]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|refs=}}<br /> {{Indian Air Force}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Air Force exercises}}<br /> [[Category:India aviation-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Military aviation exercises|Indian Air Force]]<br /> [[Category:Indian military exercises]]<br /> [[Category:Indian military-related lists]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravinder_Bansal&diff=530011 2026-03-09T02:13:20Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: put up first post and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|First person of Indian origin to fly solo around the world in a single engine plane}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox aviator<br /> | name = Ravinder Bansal<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | image = Ravinder Bansal Plane.png<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|2|26}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Ambala, India]]<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | occupation = Entrepreneur and aviator<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = First person of Indian origin to fly solo around the world in a single engine plane.<br /> | first_flight_date = <br /> | famous_flights = Solo Global Circumnavigation 4 July – 20 August 2017<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | website = <br /> | spouse = Pratibha Bansal<br /> | awards = {{Awards|award=Upstate New York Entrepreneur of the Year|year=1993 |title= |role= |name= }}{{Awards|award=Walter P. Cooke Award|year=2009 |title= |role= |name= }}{{Awards|award=State University of New York Honorary Doctorate of Science|year=2022 |title= |role= |name= }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ravinder Bansal''' (born 26 February 1949),&lt;ref name=&quot;limca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.earthrounders.com/ravinder_record.php|title=Limca Book of Records Citation|date=2017-09-19|website=Earth Rounders|language=en|access-date=2021-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an [[Indian American]] entrepreneur, philanthropist, and amateur pilot from [[Clarence, New York]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Buffalo News 1993&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=WNY Entrepreneurs Win Five Awards | website=The Buffalo News | date=1993-06-25 | url=https://buffalonews.com/news/wny-entrepreneurs-win-five-awards/article_7a025c1d-5c44-5035-b0b2-16b70998f25c.html | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;University at Buffalo 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ravinder K. Bansal of Clarence, Walter P. Cooke Award | website=University at Buffalo | date=2009-03-03 | url=http://www.buffalo.edu/news/news-releases.host.html/content/shared/www/news/private/2009/03/9941.html | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Fischer | first=Nancy A. | title=Clarence retiree's solo flight around globe is a mission of mercy | website=The Buffalo News | date=2017-06-23 | url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/clarence-retirees-solo-flight-around-globe-is-a-mission-of-mercy/article_29153219-3586-5551-b30e-1f5e77da5b49.html | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yadav 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite news | last=Yadav | first=Yojana | title=Ambala-origin NRI to fly solo across world to raise funds for MRI machine | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=2017-06-26 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ambala-origin-man-to-fly-solo-across-world-to-raise-funds-for-mri-machine/story-VzzQGcR75kopuihyqfXC4N.html | access-date=2023-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the first person of [[Indian people|Indian]] origin to fly around the world solo in a single engine plane.&lt;ref name=&quot;limca&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dadhwal 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Dadhwal | first=Sheetal | title=Clocking miles, touching lives | website=The Tribune India News Service | date=2019-12-20 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/clocking-miles-touching-lives-868684 | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schanz 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Schanz | first=Jenn | title=Local man sets record with solo flight to India | website=News 4 Buffalo | date=2017-08-27 | url=https://www.wivb.com/news/local-news/local-man-sets-record-with-solo-flight-to-india/1042766074/ | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Bansal was born in [[Ambala, India]] in 1949 to an Agarwal family. His father, Dr. Chatar Muni Bansal, was a private physician in [[Kasauli|Kasauli, India]]. He did his early schooling in Kasauli before moving to Ambala to attend [[Sanatan Dharma College|S.D. College]]. He completed a PhD in [[Mechanical Engineering]] at the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] from 1974 to 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yadav 2017&quot; /&gt; While studying at Georgia Tech, he also learned how to fly and received his pilot's license in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dadhwal 2019&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Bansal was recruited by [[Linde plc|Linde]] and moved to the [[Buffalo, NY]] area in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer 2017&quot; /&gt; He co-founded a medical and industrial oxygen concentrator company, AirSep Corporation, in [[Amherst, NY]] in 1987 and served as CEO until its acquisition.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franczyk 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Franczyk | first=Annemarie | title=The breath of life | website=Buffalo Business First | date=2006-04-20 | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/buffalo/stories/2006/04/24/smallb1.html | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; For his work at AirSep, he was awarded the 1993 Entrepreneur of the Year award in Upstate New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Buffalo News 1993&quot; /&gt; AirSep was also awarded the U.S. Department of Commerce's Export Achievement Award in 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;University at Buffalo 2009&quot; /&gt; At its peak, AirSep employed 700 people and had $110 million in revenue in 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franczyk 2006&quot; /&gt; AirSep was acquired by Chart Industries in 2012 for $170 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Industries 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | last=Industries | first=Chart | title=Chart Industries to Acquire AirSep Corporation | website=GlobeNewswire News Room | date=2012-07-23 | url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/07/23/274212/263081/en/Chart-Industries-to-Acquire-AirSep-Corporation.html | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Offshore Energy 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=USA: Chart Industries Acquires AirSep Corporation | website=Offshore Energy | date=2012-07-24 | url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/usa-chart-industries-acquires-airsep-corporation/ | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bansal was awarded the Walter P. Cooke Award in 2009 from the [[State University of New York at Buffalo]] for his philanthropic contributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;University at Buffalo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WBFO 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UB Alumni Association Honors 20 at Annual Dinner | website=WBFO | date=2009-03-19 | url=https://news.wbfo.org/post/ub-alumni-association-honors-20-annual-dinner | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bansal was awarded a [[State University of New York]] Honorary Doctorate of Science on 21 May 2022 for his accomplishments as an entrepreneur, humanitarian and researcher.&lt;ref name=&quot;University at Buffalo 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Bansal to receive SUNY Honorary Doctorate at UB commencement | website=University at Buffalo | date=2022-05-09 | url=https://engineering.buffalo.edu/home/news/seas.host.html/content/shared/engineering/home/articles/news-articles/2022/bansal-to-receive-suny-honorary-doctorate-at-ub-commencement.detail.html | access-date=2022-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Circumnavigation==<br /> [[File:Ravinder Bansal Route.png|thumb|Ravinder Bansal's Solo Circumnavigation Route]]<br /> In August 2017, Bansal completed a solo circumnavigation of the globe in an airplane with a single, [[reciprocating engine]], becoming the first person of Indian origin to do so.&lt;ref name=&quot;limca&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dadhwal 2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schanz 2017&quot; /&gt; Bansal departed on his circumnavigation from Buffalo, NY, USA on 4 July 2017, and returned 47 days later on 20 August 2017. He completed his circumnavigation in his own [[Cessna 400]] single-engine piston aircraft.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Indian Panorama 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Indian American to embark on solo flight around the world | website=The Indian Panorama | date=2017-06-30 | url=https://www.theindianpanorama.news/indians-abroad/indian-american-embark-solo-flight-around-world/ | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; His trip consisted of 36 stops in 19 countries and covered a total distance of 21,738 [[nautical miles]] with a cumulative flight time of 135.9 hours.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bansal&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Bansal | first=Ravi | title=Round the World Solo Flight by Ravi Bansal | website=Round the World Solo Flight by Ravi Bansal | url=http://www.raviworldflight.com/ | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; The flight required six months of preparation with his logistics team of Eddie Gold and Ahmed Hassan at GASE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer 2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Das 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Das | first=Y P | title=RC Ambala's cancer hospital gets a flying Ambassador | website=ROTARY NEWS | date=2017-10-01 | url=https://rotarynewsonline.org/rc-ambalas-cancer-hospital-gets-a-f%e2%80%89lying-ambassador/ | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bansal, inspired by the passing of his sister-in-law to complications from [[breast cancer]], set out to raise awareness and money with his circumnavigation mission for the Rotary Cancer Hospital in his hometown of Ambala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dutt 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Dutt | first=Ela | title=Around the world in 47 days, Indian-American from Buffalo, N.Y. raised awareness about cancer in India | website=News India Times | date=2021-02-27 | url=https://www.newsindiatimes.com/around-the-world-in-47-days-indian-american-from-buffalo-n-y-raised-awareness-about-cancer-in-india/ | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of August 2017, the mission had raised $160,000 towards the purchase of an [[MRI machine]] to allow for early detection of cancer at the hospital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Fischer | first=Nancy A. | title=Clarence pilot's solo flight around world raises $160,000 for India hospital | website=The Buffalo News | date=2017-08-29 | url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/clarence-pilots-solo-flight-around-world-raises-160-000-for-india-hospital/article_ac901f2a-729a-5be3-ab24-b9d1f710d0c2.html | access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bansal was recognized for becoming the first person of Indian origin to fly solo around the world by the [[Limca Book of Records]] in its 2020 edition.&lt;ref name=&quot;limca&quot; /&gt; The State of New York Legislature of the County of Erie recognized Bansal for his record solo flight and efforts in the fight against cancer by passing a resolution on 7 September 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.erie.gov/legislature/sites/www2.erie.gov.legislature/files/uploads/Session_Folders/2017/Session_17/Meeting%2016%20from%202017%20minutes.pdf|title=Erie County Legislature Meeting No. 16|website=Erie County Legislature|access-date=2021-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bansal published a book in 2019, ''Cleared Direct Destination'', detailing his solo circumnavigation mission.&lt;ref name=&quot;India News Calling 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Round the World Solo Flight for Cancer Patients | website=India News Calling | date=2014-05-10 | url=http://www.indianewscalling.com/news/89913-round-the-world-solo-flight-for-cancer-patients-.aspx | language=la | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Earthrounders 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Books | website=Earth Rounders | date=2020-07-16 | url=https://www.earthrounders.com/books.php#rav2 | access-date=2021-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bansal, Ravinder}}<br /> [[Category:Circumnavigators of the globe]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ambala]]<br /> [[Category:1949 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Citrus_Research_Institute,_Nagpur&diff=492978 2026-03-04T10:38:00Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created initial entry and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Horticulture institute in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox institute<br /> | name = ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur &lt;br/&gt; (NRCC)<br /> | image = <br /> | image_name = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | latin_name = <br /> | motto = <br /> | founder = <br /> | established = 29 November 1985<br /> | mission = <br /> | focus = Citrus in India<br /> | president = [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]], [[Government of India]]&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | chairman = <br /> | head_label = Director<br /> | head = Dr. M. S. Ladaniya<br /> | faculty = <br /> | adjunct_faculty = <br /> | staff = <br /> | key_people = <br /> | budget = <br /> | endowment = <br /> | debt = <br /> | num_members = <br /> | subsidiaries = <br /> | owner = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]<br /> | non-profit_slogan = <br /> | former_name = <br /> | location = Amravati Road<br /> | city = [[Nagpur]]<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | province = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coor = {{coord|21|08|48.2|N|79|03|01.2|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | address = NRCC, Opp. NBSS&amp; LUP Amravati Road, Nagpur &lt;br/&gt; Pin Code: 440 010<br /> | website = http://nrccitrus.nic.in<br /> | dissolved = <br /> | footnotes = &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; As the NRCC comes under the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] whose President is the Minister<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute''' (previously National Research Centre for Citrus) ({{langx|hi|केन्द्रीय नींबू वर्गीय फल अनुसंधान संस्थान}}) is an institute for research in [[citrus]] fruits and [[horticulture]] at [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/National-Research-Centre-for-Citrus-to-be-upgraded-as-national-institute/articleshow/44964636.cms|title=National Research Centre for Citrus to be upgraded as national institute|last=Shrivastav|first=Snehlata|date=29 October 2014|work=The Times of India|accessdate=21 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Given-lemons-National-Research-Centre-for-Citrus-makes-them-juicier/articleshow/40624442.cms|title=Given lemons, National Research Centre for Citrus makes them juicier|last=Shrivastav|first=Snehlata|date=22 August 2014|work=The Times of India|accessdate=21 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/National-Research-Centre-for-Citrus-gets-to-the-root-of-orange-root-stock/articleshow/21469460.cms|title=National Research Centre for Citrus gets to the root of orange root stock|last=Shrivastav|first=Snehlata|date=30 July 2013|work=The Times of India|accessdate=21 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located at [[Nagpur]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The city is famous for [[mandarin oranges]]. The centre provides for research in the field of citrus [[agriculture]]; it also offers consultancy towards the field. It is a research institute under the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) which is an autonomous body under the [[Ministry of Agriculture]] of the [[Government of India|Indian Government]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{unreferencedsect|date=February 2026}}<br /> Central India has appropriate conditions for growing citrus. The city of Nagpur and the region of [[Vidarbha]] produces the bulk of India's citrus tonnage, which is the fifth [[Citrus production|largest producer in the world]].<br /> In 1980, a task force appointed by the Ministry of Agriculture suggested the need of strengthening of research on citrus in central India after their survey during 24 to 26 April. Dr. D.J. Hutchison, and [[UNDP]] consultant on citrus recommended the establishment of Citrus Research Station at Nagpur to investigate problems concerning citrus fruits in the region. The Maharashtra state government also requested the Director General of Indian Council of Agricultural Research for the same. Similarly, quinquennial review team (QRT) of Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), [[Bangalore]] furthered the recommendation. Consequently, ICAR agreed for the establishment of the Research Station at Nagpur in VIth Plan.<br /> <br /> Initially named the Central Citrus Research Station a committee constituted by ICAR selected suitable land at Nagpur and the [[Government of Maharashtra]] agreed to provide the 100 hectares of land for the station to be established during VIIth Plan. The foundation stone was laid on 29 July 1985 formally by [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]], the then [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]. The Centre was functional from 29 November 1985.<br /> <br /> The centre started functioned from part of the building of rabbit breeding centre of the Veterinary College at [[Seminary Hills, Nagpur]] which was under [[Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth|Dr. PDKV]], Akola. Initially, [[pathology]], [[entomology]], [[horticulture]] and post-[[harvest]] technology laboratories were established.<br /> <br /> On 1 April 1986, the status of Central Citrus Research Station which was functioning under IIHR, Bangalore was upgraded to National Research Centre for Citrus with an outlay of Rs.74.00 lakhs in VII Plan. In 1996, the Centre was shifted from the building of rabbit breeding centre of the Veterinary College at Seminary Hills to present site at Amravati Road.<br /> <br /> ==Mandate==<br /> The institute was created amidst the so-called 'citrus decline' in India resulting in reduction in the [[Arable land|cropped area]] under citrus. The 2030 Visio document for the institute notes that [http://nrccitrus.nic.in/index.php?c=pages&amp;m=index&amp;id=17]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} of the erstwhile undergoing research activities at various [[List of universities in India|universities]] none was able to contribute to this important region as also that the research was not linked by any framework.<br /> <br /> The newly created institute has now been the nodal body of citrus research in India. The ''National Mission on Citrus'' and concurrent research activities has allowed a concurrent doubling in yield in Maharashtra.<br /> <br /> The initial mandate of the 'station' was limited:<br /> {{Quote|text=The mandate at the time of establishment of the Centre was to undertake research on mandarin and acid lime to increase the productivity through developing better varieties, standardizing appropriate agrotechniques, integrated pest and disease management and developing technologies for improved storage, packing processing and waste utilization.}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] (Indian Council on Agricultural Research), parent body to this Centre and other Research Centres and Institutes in various fields of agriculture and allied in India<br /> *[http://nrccitrus.nic.in/index.php?c=pages&amp;m=index&amp;id=1 About Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531195954/http://nrccitrus.nic.in/index.php?c=pages&amp;m=index&amp;id=1 |date=31 May 2014 }}<br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Research institutes in Nagpur]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]<br /> [[Category:Citrus farmers]]<br /> [[Category:1985 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations established in 1985]]<br /> [[Category:Horticulture in India]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nirbhoya&diff=522153 2026-03-04T00:32:30Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: put up the entry w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2018 Indian Bengali film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Nirbhoya<br /> | image = Nirbhoya.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = {{Infobox name module|bn|নির্ভয়া}}<br /> | director = Milan Bhowmik<br /> | producer = Sanjib Samaddar<br /> | screenplay = Sudeshu Shivam<br /> | story = Sumantra Chatterjee&lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya not on delhi case&quot;/&gt;<br /> | starring = [[Raaj Bhowmik]]&lt;br&gt;[[Meghali]]<br /> | music = Arunava Chakrabarty<br /> | cinematography = B. Satish<br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = Sambit Media and Productions<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2018|08|31|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/nirbhoya/movieshow/65577946.cms|title=Nirbhoya Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News &amp; Videos - eTimes|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2020|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nirbhoya''''' is a 2018 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] directed by Milan Bhowmik and produced by Sanjib Samaddar under the banner of Sambit Media and Productions. The film is based on the [[2012 Delhi gang rape case]].&lt;ref name=&quot;film on nirbhoya&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Film on Delhi gang rape to help change mindset|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130330/entertainment-bollywood/article/film-delhi-gang-rape-help-change-mindset|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405003616/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130330/entertainment-bollywood/article/film-delhi-gang-rape-help-change-mindset|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2013|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nirbhoya goes on floor&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=&quot;Nirbhoya&quot; Bangla Movie Goes on Floors|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/24644613-nirbhoya-bangla-movie-goes-floors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220151050/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/24644613-nirbhoya-bangla-movie-goes-floors|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 February 2013|publisher=[[Washington Bangla Radio on Internet]]|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from [[West Bengal]], the film was also to be released in other states like [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Assam]] and [[Bihar]]. Another version of the film, dubbed in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] script editing in Hindi done by Sudeshu Shivam was also to be released.&lt;ref name=ndtv/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{rquote|right|It is also about the conscience of people which needs to be changed. The trigger for me definitely was the Delhi gang rape and the huge protest that rocked the nation. But the protests also provoked me to think if such an agitation alone can stop the crime. But the big question is whether after the protests, rapes have come down in India. No, and perhaps here is where we have to address the problem for a real solution beyond laws and legalese.|Director Milan Bhowmik regarding the plot of his new film.&lt;ref name=&quot;film on nirbhoya&quot;/&gt; }}<br /> * [[Meghali]] as Nirbhaya&lt;ref name=ndtv&gt;{{cite web|title=Milan Bhowmik to direct 'Nirbhaya' - a movie on the Delhi gang-rape|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIS1NDDbLA4|publisher=[[NDTV]]'s channel on [[YouTube]]|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Raaj Bhowmik as Nirbhaya's friend<br /> * Jaysree<br /> * Amrapali<br /> * Riya<br /> * [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as the Chief Minister&lt;ref name=ndtv/&gt;<br /> * [[Sreelekha Mitra]]<br /> * [[Badshah Maitra]]<br /> * Mrinal Mukherjee<br /> * [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as a police officer&lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya slams casual mindset&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Film on Delhi rape, Nirbhaya, slams casual mindset: Ashis Vidyarthi|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1815426/report-film-on-delhi-rape-nirbhaya-slams-casual-mindset-ashis-vidyarthi|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]<br /> * [[Biplab Chatterjee]]<br /> * Ramen Roychowdhury<br /> * Gouri Shankar Panda<br /> * [[Subhasish Mukhopadhyay]]<br /> * Kalyan Chatterjee&lt;ref name=Mahurat/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Making ===<br /> In an interview, [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] said that the director of ''Nirbhoya'' was inspired to make this film after he read a report of a rape and mutilation of a victim of [[South Africa]] soon after the Delhi incident.&lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya slams casual mindset&quot;/&gt; The victim of the rape was a 23-year-old trainee [[physiotherapist]] whose real name was Jyoti Singh, but she came to be known as Nirbhaya, meaning &quot;fearless&quot;. However, during a press meet at the Press Club Kolkata, director Milan Bhowmik said that the film is not based on the Delhi rape case, but actually on the present scenario of our society. He added that the film will create a sense of responsibility among his viewers.&lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya not on delhi case&quot;/&gt; The mahurat of ''Nirbhoya'' was held at the Floatel Hotel in Kolkata on 11 February 2013.&lt;ref name=Mahurat&gt;{{cite web|title=Mahurat of Milan Bhowmik's Bengali movie 'Nirbhaya'|url=http://www.gomolo.com/720110/photos-mahurat-of-milan-bhowmiks-bengali-movie-nirbhaya|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the director, the aim of the film is to make the people aware that anti-rape laws or street protests alone cannot prevent the repetition of such a dangerous event. Though the incident was set in [[Delhi]], the characters of the film would be based in [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;film on nirbhoya&quot;/&gt; The film is also the first project of the [[Production company|production house]], Sambit Media and Productions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nirbhoya goes on floor&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> Filming of ''Nirbhoya'' started on 5 February 2013 &lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya not on delhi case&quot;/&gt; and was completed by April 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;film on nirbhoya&quot;/&gt; There will be sequences in the film where the bus will be passing through various streets of [[New Delhi]] and [[Random checkpoint|police checkpoints]]. There will be various sub-plots depicting diverse types of sexual crimes. Some action sequences are also in the film, shot with the assistance and supervision of fight director Judo Ramu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nirbhoya goes on floor&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> The film will introduce many newcomers, including Raaj, [[Meghali]], Jaysree, Amrapali and Riya, who will play important roles representing the awakening of the younger generation. Every female character in the film will be the victim of various dangerous incidents.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nirbhoya goes on floor&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Arunava Chakrabarty composed the film score for ''Nirbhoya''. The playback singers include [[Shreya Ghoshal]] and [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nirbhoya goes on floor&quot;/&gt; It was reported that the soundtrack will consists of around three songs.&lt;ref name=&quot;nirbhaya not on delhi case&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Nirbhaya, not on Delhi gang rape victim?|url=http://www.gomolo.com/news-nirbhaya-not-on-delhi-gang-rape-victim/6876|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=20 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[NDTV]] also reported that will not be much songs in the film.&lt;ref name=ndtv/&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Satyagraha (film)|Satyagraha]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDB title|tt8983136}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Films about women in India]]<br /> [[Category:2018 films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Bengali-language films]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yarivanu&diff=474059 2026-03-03T22:18:28Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: update references after review and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Yaarivanu<br /> | image = Yarivanu-film-poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Dorai–Bhagavan]]<br /> | producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]<br /> | story = M. D. Sundar<br /> | screenplay = Chi. Udayashankar<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Lohith]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Roopa (actress)|Roopa Devi]]&lt;br&gt;[[B. Saroja Devi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hema Choudhary]]<br /> | music = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]<br /> | cinematography = S. S. Lal &lt;br&gt; Kabir Lal<br /> | editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam<br /> | studio = Dakshayini Combines<br /> | released = {{Film date|1984||df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 130 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> }} <br /> '''''Yaarivanu''''' ({{translation|Who is he?}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller film]], directed by [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] and produced by [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1418295/fullcredits/|title=Yarivanu? (1984) - IMDb|access-date=30 June 2018|archive-date=19 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419014301/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1418295/fullcredits/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Roopa (actress)|Roopa Devi, Hema Choudhary]] and [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]. The screenplay, dialogues and lyrics were written by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] and story was by M. D. Sundar. [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Lohith]] played a double role in the movie, though both roles never appear together onscreen. It was his second dual role movie after the 1983 movie ''[[Eradu Nakshatragalu]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Shyam, younger brother of Sridhar dies while falling from a boat and S.P ( Superintendent of Police) Bhaskar is investigating the case. Sridhar and other family members receives a huge shock when Shyam appears alive, at home one day. In the end, it turns out that the boy happens to be a lookalike of Shyam, is the son of Bhaskar and he was made to act as Shyam in order to find out the truth. Shyam was killed by Shridhar in order to take over his property. Sridhar dies by falling down a cliff and Shyam unites with both of his mothers.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Superintendent of police Bhaskar<br /> * [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] (credited as Master Lohit) as Shyam<br /> * [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Shridhar<br /> * [[Roopa (actress)|Roopa Devi]]<br /> * [[B. Saroja Devi]]<br /> * [[Hema Choudhary]]<br /> * [[Shringar Nagaraj]]<br /> * [[Shivaram]] <br /> * [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]]<br /> * Neegro Johnny as Shabbeer<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> * During the shooting of this movie in Ooty, Rajkumar was attacked by about 30 unknown miscreants armed with cycle chains and razors on March 3. The Akhila Karnataka Dr Rajkumar Abhimangala Sangha (the fans association) demanded the Tamil film distributors in the city that they stop screening Tamil films until March 22 and the distributors agreed. The fact of his being roughed up has become a major issue in the state. In the welter of allegations that followed, the Janata Party and A.K. Subbiah, the Kannada Nadu chief and former BJP strongman featured prominently as the forces to blame while Subbiah said that it was the Congress(I) that was behind the episode.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19840331-violence-in-karnataka-tamil-nadu-assumes-linguistic-colour-following-attack-on-actor-802908-1984-03-31|title=Violence in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu assumes linguistic colour following attack on actor|access-date=13 January 2019|archive-date=13 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232559/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19840331-violence-in-karnataka-tamil-nadu-assumes-linguistic-colour-following-attack-on-actor-802908-1984-03-31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Srinath had to get beaten by Rajkumar in the movie. But Rajkumar sternly refused to beat Srinath in the climax, in spite of Srinath &amp; Director duo Dorai-Bhagwan's repeated requests. Rajkumar was firm, saying Srinath is a dear friend and he would not want to project enmity even on screen. He was aware of the travails Vishnuvardhan had faced, due to a mishap while shooting ''[[Gandhada Gudi]]'' and didn't want any such thing to recur. Relenting to it, Dorai-Bhagwan changed the climax, so that Srinath would fall off the cliff and die.<br /> * Roopa Devi, who starred in Dorai-Bhagwan's ''[[Samayada Gombe]]'' was retained as the female lead in this movie.<br /> * Director [[Dorai–Bhagavan|S K Bhagwan]] had revealed that he was so impressed by the climax twist of the movie ''[[Chase A Crooked Shadow]]'' that he had used it as a reference point for this movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EoVx3yQc9wM&amp;feature=youtu.be|title=ಮಹಾನಟಿ ಸಾವಿತ್ರಿ ಅಣ್ಣಾವ್ರ ಜೊತೆ ನಟಿಸಿದ ಆ ಸಿನಿಮಾ&amp;#124; ಡಾ.ರಾಜ್ ಚಿತ್ರ-ಜೀವನ ಯಾನ&amp;#124;Part24&amp;#124; Bhagawan &amp;#124;Kalamadhyama|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030015620/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&amp;v=EoVx3yQc9wM&amp;feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music of the film was composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]], with lyrics penned by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/yaarivanu-k0000667 |title=Songs |access-date=17 October 2014 |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022110331/http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/yaarivanu-k0000667 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Yaarivanu<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | border = yes<br /> | alt = Yes<br /> | released = 1984<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = <br /> | length = 19:06<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | label = MRT Music<br /> | director = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Premigala Saval]]<br /> | prev_year = 1984<br /> | year = 1984<br /> | next_title = [[Bettada Hoovu]]<br /> | next_year = 1985<br /> | chronology = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Track list===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! # !! Title !! Singer(s)<br /> |- <br /> | 1<br /> | &quot;Kannige Kaanuva&quot;<br /> | [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Lohith]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | &quot;Raagavo Anuragavo&quot;<br /> | [[Dr. Rajkumar]], [[S. Janaki]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | &quot;Kaveri Yeke Oduve&quot;<br /> | Dr. Rajkumar<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | &quot;Aakashade Haaraduva&quot;<br /> | Dr. Rajkumar, [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Lohith]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1418295}}<br /> <br /> {{Dorai–Bhagavan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1984 films]]<br /> [[Category:1984 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1984 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Rajan–Nagendra]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Chi. Udayashankar]]<br /> [[Category:1984 thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Dorai–Bhagavan]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achan_(2011_film)&diff=461357 2026-03-03T20:49:52Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2011 Indian film by Ali Akbar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Achan<br /> | image = Achan film.jpg<br /> | caption = Film DVD cover<br /> <br /> | director = [[Ramasimhan (director)|Ramasimhan]]<br /> | producer = Louisiama<br /> | writer = S. R. Raveendran<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Thilakan]]&lt;br /&gt;Sasi Eranjikkal<br /> | music = Vimal<br /> | cinematography = Ramasimhan<br /> | editing = Ramasimhan<br /> | distributor = Real Images<br /> | studio = Daridra Films International<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|1|14}}<br /> | runtime = 107 min.<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget =<br /> }}<br /> '''''Achan''''' ({{translation|Father}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]] and starring [[Thilakan]]. The film is based on a drama of the same name written by S. R. [[Raveendran]], who also scripted the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;OI&quot;/&gt; The film's shooting began on 28 July 2010, and was scheduled to release by October. Several issues regarding the casting of Thilakan, an expelled member of the [[Association of Malayalam Movie Artists]], led the film to a delayed release on 14 January 2011. Ali Akbar's wife produced the film; the music was composed by his daughter.&lt;ref name=&quot;BA&quot;&gt;[http://thebollywoodactress.com/achan-has-begun-shooting-at-kozhikode/ &quot;Achan has begun shooting at Kozhikode&quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826120829/http://thebollywoodactress.com/achan-has-begun-shooting-at-kozhikode/ |date=26 August 2010 }}. Thebollywoodactress.com. 2010-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film is about an elderly gentleman Major Madhava Menon aka Major Maman ([[Thilakan]]) who has seen better days but has been left alone, and his emotional relationship with a male nurse, Rahithan (Sasi Eranjikkal). An emotional bond develops between the two. Rahithan considers the Major like his father. In between he gets thoughts of killing the Major to free both the souls of the burden they are carrying. But he can not do it and even rejects a government job in order to serve the Major. In the end, the Major sends Rahithan away at gun point, so that Rahithan should not miss his future.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Thilakan]] as Major Madhava Menon<br /> * Sasi Eranjikkal as Gopalakrishnan aka Rahithan, the male nurse<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film is based on a drama of the same name by S. R. Raveendran.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120908214519/http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2010/08/director-ali-akbar-plans-complete-shooting-achan-weeks.html &quot;Director Ali Akbar Plans To Complete Shooting Of Achan In Two Weeks&quot;]. Realbollywood.com. 2010-08-04.&lt;/ref&gt; The film was shot in various parts of [[Kozhikode]].&lt;ref name=&quot;OI&quot;&gt;[https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/top-stories/2010/thilakan-achan-ali-290710.html &quot;Thilakan's Achan takes off&quot;]. [[Oneindia.in]]. 2010-07-29&lt;/ref&gt; The first shot of the film was done at the director's house in Chevayoor near [[Kozhikode]].&lt;ref name=&quot;OI&quot;/&gt; The film was expected to be completed within 12 days and was headed for an October release.&lt;ref name=&quot;BA&quot;/&gt; Thilakan plays the lead role of Major Madhava Menon in the movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-07-11 |title=Achan Malayalam Movie Preview, Synopsis - Malayalam movie Achan Preview, Synopsis. |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7798/malayalam/achan/preview.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711222040/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7798/malayalam/achan/preview.htm |archive-date=2012-07-11 |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=nowrunning.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Controversies==<br /> ''Achan'' was Thilakan's first film after he was expelled from the Association of Malayalam Movie Artists (AMMA).&lt;ref name=&quot;OI&quot;/&gt; A few weeks after the film was announced, Ali Akbar's car was stoned by miscreants.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.filmydum.com/top-stories/1725/thilakan%E2%80%99s-achan-begins &quot;Thilakan's 'Achan' begins&quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802135728/http://www.filmydum.com/top-stories/1725/thilakan%E2%80%99s-achan-begins |date=2 August 2010 }}. Filmdyum.com. 2010-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt; The filming had to be stopped for some days following similar issues. After the filming and the post-production activities completed, the theatres was not permitted to release the film, following the issues between Ali Akbar and the Film Producers' Association. The issues had considerable media attention right from its beginning. Ali Akbar organised protests in Kozhikode in January 2011, after which the theatres were permitted a limited release.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110116061430/http://www.sify.com/movies/thilakan-goes-back-to-the-stage-news-malayalam-lbnj5adgedh.html &quot;Thilakan goes back to the stage&quot;]. [[Sify]]. 13 January 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Achan}}<br /> [[Category:2011 films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eklavya:_The_Royal_Guard&diff=461166 2026-03-03T11:58:21Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: minor cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{For|the character from ''The Mahabharata''|Ekalavya}}<br /> {{See also|Ekalavya (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Eklavya: The Royal Guard<br /> | image = Eklavya.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]<br /> | writer = '''Story &amp; Screenplay:'''&lt;br&gt;[[Abhijat Joshi]]&lt;br&gt;Vidhu Vinod Chopra&lt;br&gt;'''Dialogues:'''&lt;br&gt;[[Swanand Kirkire]] <br /> | producer = Vidhu Vinod Chopra&lt;br&gt;Abhijat Joshi<br /> | starring = [[Amitabh Bachchan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sanjay Dutt]]&lt;br&gt;[[Saif Ali Khan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Vidya Balan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jackie Shroff]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jimmy Sheirgill]]&lt;br&gt;[[Boman Irani]]&lt;br&gt;[[Raima Sen]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Natty Subramaniam]]<br /> | editing = Raibiranjan Maitra<br /> | music = [[Shantanu Moitra]]<br /> | studio = [[Vinod Chopra Films]]<br /> | distributor = [[Eros International]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2007|02|16|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 109 min<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | budget = {{INR}} 30 [[crore]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=346|title=Eklavya – the Royal Guard – Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}} 38 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=346|title=Eklavya – the Royal Guard – Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Eklavya: The Royal Guard''''' is a 2007 Indian [[crime drama film]] directed by [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]. It stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Vidya Balan]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] and [[Boman Irani]]. The film marks Vidhu Vinod Chopra's return to directing after seven years.<br /> <br /> ''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' was theatrically released on 16 February 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;release date&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=glamsham.com| work=Release date for Eklavya: The Royal Guad confirmed | url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/06/dec/22_eklavya_vidhu_vinod_chopra_amitabh_saif.asp| access-date=30 June 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was a major [[Box-office bomb|box office disappointment]] as per the distributors and exhibitors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=EKLAVYA is a major box-office disappointment&quot;, say the film's distributors and exhibitors|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/news/07/feb/26_eklavya_amitabh_bachchan_vindo_chopra.asp#|website=glamsham.com|access-date=25 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this, the film was chosen as [[List of India's official entries to the Oscars|India's official entry to the Oscars]] to be considered for nomination in the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]] category for the year 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;oscar entry&quot;&gt;{{cite web| title=sheetudeep.com| work=Eklavya: India's Official Entry for Oscar Award| url=http://www.sheetudeep.com/blog/entertainment/eklavya-indias-official-entry-for-oscars| access-date=28 September 2007| archive-date=13 January 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113121632/http://www.sheetudeep.com/blog/entertainment/eklavya-indias-official-entry-for-oscars/| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Contemporary India. A majestic fort. A royal dynasty that no longer rules. A king without a kingdom. Yet Eklavya ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]), their royal guard, lives in a time warp. He lives only to protect the fort, the dynasty, and the king. For nine generations, Eklavya's family has protected Devigarh, a centuries-old citadel in Rajasthan. His marksmanship is the stuff of legends. His unflinching loyalty inspires ballads. Eklavya has spent his entire life serving the royals and closely guarding their secrets, but now he's getting old and increasingly blind. Unable to cope with the suffocating customs of his land, the heir, Prince Harshwardhan ([[Saif Ali Khan]]), has stayed away in [[London]]. But the sudden demise of the queen, Rani Suhasinidevi ([[Sharmila Tagore]]), forces the prince back to the kingdom he had left behind. The queen leaves a letter for her son in which she tells him that his biological father is actually Eklavya.<br /> <br /> The prince's return brings a rush of joy into the moribund fort. His mentally challenged twin sister, Princess Nandini ([[Raima Sen]]), and his childhood love, Rajjo ([[Vidya Balan]]), are delighted to see him. But the joy of reunion is short-lived.<br /> <br /> There is unrest in the kingdom: farmers are being stripped of their lands. The king, Rana Jaywardhan ([[Boman Irani]]), influenced by his brother, Rana Jyotiwardhan ([[Jackie Shroff]]), supports the atrocities being forced upon the helpless peasants. The king receives a death threat over the phone. An irreverent police officer, Pannalal Chohar ([[Sanjay Dutt]]), is called in to investigate. But he might be too late. The fragile peace of the land is suddenly shattered by a barrage of bullets. Jaywardhan ([[Boman Irani]]) instructs his brother to kill Eklavya ([[Amitabh Bachchan|Bacchan]]) in a fit of rage, but his brother ([[Jackie Shroff|Shroff]]) betrays him and kills him and his driver (Rajjo's father). And amidst the mayhem, the safely guarded secrets of the fort are revealed.<br /> <br /> Eklavya suspects Jyotiwardhan and his son, Udaywardhan ([[Jimmy Sheirgill]]), are responsible for Jaywardhan's ([[Boman Irani]]) death. He kills Udaywardhan and leads Jyotiwardhan to Udaywardhan's body, intending to kill him and fulfill his oath, whereupon Jyotiwardhan reveals to Eklavya that it was the prince who ordered the murder of the king. Shouting in denial, Eklavya kills Jyotiwardhan, knowing he must face the young prince, his son, to finally fulfill his [[dharma]].<br /> <br /> Harshwardhan ([[Saif Ali Khan]]), overcome with guilt, reveals his hand in the murder of Jaywardhan to Rajjo, who leaves him because his actions also caused the death of her father. When Eklavya comes to the palace to kill the prince, he explains why he killed the king. The King had murdered the Queen when she, in her semi-conscious state, kept saying Eklavya's name. Eklavya finally fulfills his dharma by sparing his son's life and declared his own pre-conceived notions to be wrong. Rajjo eventually forgives Harshwardhan because she believes that he is truly sorry for his actions, and Pannalal ([[Sanjay Dutt]]) finds a suicide note saying that Udaywardhan and Jyotiwardhan, afraid that they were about to be caught, jumped in front of a train. Harshwardhan finally reveals Eklavya to be his true father in front of the entire village.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Eklavya<br /> * [[Sanjay Dutt]] as DSP Pannalal Chohar<br /> * [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Prince Harshvardhan Rana<br /> * [[Vidya Balan]] as Rajjo Singh<br /> * [[Jackie Shroff]] as Rana Jyotiwardhan<br /> * [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] as Prince Udaywardhan Rana <br /> * [[Boman Irani]] as Rana Jayvardhan<br /> * [[Raima Sen]] as Princess Nandini<br /> * [[Parikshat Sahni]] as Omkar Singh, Rajjo's father<br /> * [[Sharmila Tagore]] as Rani Suhasinidevi<br /> * [[Pankaj Jha]] as a peasant villager<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ===Development and filming===<br /> ''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' was originally titled ''Yagna''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yagna&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=indiafm.com| work=Yagna to Eklavya: The Royal Guard | date=7 January 2006 | url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/09/12/5803/index.html| access-date=30 June 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Production began in early 2005. The principal shooting of the film was completed in November 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schedule&quot;&gt;{{cite web| title=indiafm.com| work=Eklavya shooting is complete| url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2005/11/11/825/index.html| access-date=27 January 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126190355/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2005/11/11/825/index.html| archive-date=26 November 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; The primary location for shooting was in [[Rajasthan]], at [[Devigarh]] and in [[Udaipur]]. According to the official website, shooting took place inside the living quarters of the Jaipur Royal Family. Prince [[Raghavendra Rathore]] and Subarna Rai Chaudhari designed the costumes for the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;costumes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=eklavya-movie.com |work=Royalty designs for the cast of Eklavya |url=http://eklavya-movie.com/movie/etching-eklavya/ |access-date=27 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218083840/http://eklavya-movie.com/movie/etching-eklavya/ |archive-date=18 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eklavya's cottage was built from scratch.<br /> <br /> The action sequences were to take place in [[Egypt]] but were shot near [[Bikaner]]. 600 camels were used in the shoot.&lt;ref name=&quot;camels&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=eklavya-movie.com |work=because of the 800 Indian camels used for action sequence, which would then have had to be exported. |url=http://eklavya-movie.com/movie/camel-kicked-me-in-the-head-says-amitabh-bachchan/ |access-date=27 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212023414/http://eklavya-movie.com/movie/camel-kicked-me-in-the-head-says-amitabh-bachchan/ |archive-date=12 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Shantanu Moitra]], who was the music director of ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'' (2005), composed the music for the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shantanu Moitra&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=indiaglitz.com| work=Shantanu Moitra back for Eklavya | url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/28486.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122182742/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/28486.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=22 January 2007| access-date=27 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Post-production===<br /> The global distributor for the film is Eros International.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eros International&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=indiafm.com| work=Eros to distribute Vidhu Vinod Chopra's next | url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2007/01/11/8631/index.html| access-date=27 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The soundtrack to ''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' was released on 15 February 2007.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.audiorec.co.uk/prdtls.asp?id=2454&amp;curr=0 Eklavya CD : movie Eklavya CD songs Eklavya CD film Eklavya CD song Eklavya CD mp3 Eklavya CD lyric Eklavya CD hindi movie Eklavya CD music review Eklavya CD cd Eklavya CD dvd Eklavya CD picture Eklavya CD movie song Eklavya CD&quot;&gt; Audiorec[indian music store&amp;#93;&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#d1e4fd&quot;sdfsdfsd<br /> ! # !! Title !! Singer !! Time<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;The Revelation&quot; || Pranab Biswas, Ravindra Sathe || 3:25<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Chanda Re (The Moon Song)&quot; || [[Hamsika Iyer]] || 4:36<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;The Gayatri Mantra Theme&quot;|| Ravindra Sathe || 2:27<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Jaanu Na&quot; || [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Swanand Kirkire]] || 4:29<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || &quot;The Killing&quot;|| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Pranab Biswas || 4:33<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || &quot;The Theme of Eklavya&quot;||Pranab Biswas|| 4:28<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || &quot;The Love Theme&quot;|| [[Hamsika Iyer]] || 2:26<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || &quot;Suno Kahani (The Legend of Eklavya)&quot; || [[Swanand Kirkire]] || 3:22<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Controversies==<br /> <br /> There was a controversy regarding selecting the film as India's official entry to the [[Best Foreign Film]] Academy award. [[Bhavna Talwar]], the director of ''[[Dharm (film)|Dharm]]'' (2007), accused The Indian selection committee ([[Film Federation of India]]) and claimed that her film was rejected in favor of ''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' (2007) because of the personal connections of the latter film's director and producer.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071221064859/http://in.reuters.com/article/hollywood/idINDEL9964020070929 &quot;India's entry to Oscars caught in a legal tangle&quot;], [[Reuters|Reuters India]], 2007-09-29. Retrieved November 14, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|http://www.eklavyatheroyalguard.com}} – {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212235526/http://www.eklavyatheroyalguard.com/ |date=12 December 2007 |title=Archive copy }}<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=0459605}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhu Vinod Chopra}}<br /> {{Vinod Chopra Films}}<br /> {{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2007 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about royalty]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winner_(2003_film)&diff=545801 2026-03-03T04:40:25Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating Article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{More plot|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Winner (2003).jpg<br /> | caption = DVD cover<br /> | director = [[Sundar C]]<br /> | writer = [[Boopathy Pandian]] (dialogue)<br /> | screenplay = Sundar C<br /> | story = Sundar C<br /> | producer = Suthan S. Ramachandran<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Prashanth]]|[[Kiran Rathod]]}}<br /> | cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]<br /> | editing = [[P. Sai Suresh]]<br /> | music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> | studio = Mother India Movies International<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2003|09|27}}<br /> | runtime = 145 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prashanth The Winner Always |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/prashanth-the-winner-always-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndc4nte |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250106102914/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/prashanth-the-winner-always-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndc4nte |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Winner''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[action comedy film]] directed and co-written by [[Sundar C]]. It stars [[Prashanth]] and [[Kiran Rathod]] in the lead roles, while [[Vadivelu]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[M. N. Rajam]], [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil director)|Raj Kapoor]], Prathap Singh and [[Riyaz Khan]] play supporting roles. The film, which has music scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and cinematography handled by [[Prasad Murella]], released on 27 September 2003.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Sakthivel Sathyamoorthy is studying [[Engineering]] in a college in [[Chennai]], and gets into quarrels every other day. Unable to withstand the threats from hooligans, his wealthy parents send him to his mother's village in [[Pollachi]] where his maternal grandfather Velayutham and grandmother Sivagami reside. Though his grandparents are rich and respected farmers, Sakthi has not met them due to a small dispute between his father and grandfather. In the village, an innocent third cousin of Sakthi, Kaipulla, lives with the old couple with hopes of becoming their heir. He has a small gang and roams around the village with his mates. Kaipulla is constantly challenged by Sakthi's distant relative Kattadurai Thevar, also a rich landlord. Sakthi visits his grandparents and decides to stay in the village for a month. A marriage of their relative is planned, and the whole family from all over Tamil Nadu assembles. Neelaveni, who accompanies her relatives, sees Sakthi at the wedding and falls in love with him. Kattadurai is supposed to marry Neelaveni.<br /> <br /> Many events follow. Kattadurai often clashes with Sakthi and gets beaten up. Amidst the wedding preparation, a group of former enemies including Vaira Kannan and Neelavani's aunt, along with Neelaveni's father, kidnap Neelaveni. After a huge tussle, Sakthi brings Neelaveni back.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Prashanth]] as Sakthivel Sathyamoorthy<br /> * [[Kiran Rathod]] as Neelaveni<br /> * [[Vadivelu]] as Kaipulla<br /> * [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Sathyamoorthy<br /> * [[M. N. Nambiar]] as Velayutham<br /> * [[M. N. Rajam]] as Sivagami<br /> * [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Vaira Kannan<br /> * Prathap Singh as Santhanapandi Thevar<br /> * [[Riyaz Khan]] as Kattadurai Thevar<br /> * Vimalraj as Vaira Kannan's brother<br /> * [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Neelaveni's uncle<br /> * [[Junior Balaiah]] as Kattadurai's uncle<br /> * [[Vichu Vishwanath]] as Kattadurai's cousin<br /> * [[Bonda Mani]] as Kaipulla's sidekick<br /> * [[Crane Manohar]] as Kaipulla's sidekick<br /> * [[Nirosha]] as Neelaveni's cousin<br /> * [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Neelaveni's aunt<br /> * Jaya Murali as Dhanalakshmi<br /> &lt;!-- uncredited<br /> * [[Muthukaalai]] as Kaipulla's sidekick<br /> * [[Singamuthu]] as Thief<br /> * [[Halwa Vasu]] as Train Station Master<br /> * [[Bharathi (Tamil actress)|Bharathi]] as Neelaveni's friend<br /> * [[Thalapathy Dinesh]] as Neelaveni's bodyguard<br /> * [[Vatsala Rajagopal]] as Neelaveni's grandmother<br /> * [[Shanmugasundari]] as Neelaveni's grandmother<br /> * [[Nellai Siva]] as the astrologer<br /> * Kottai Perumal<br /> * [[Chelladurai]]<br /> * [[Bava Lakshmanan]]<br /> * [[Master Bharath]]<br /> * [[Udayaraj|Master Udayaraj]] as Boy on bicycle<br /> * [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Kaipulla's henchman (uncredited) --&gt;<br /> *[[Aarthi Agarwal]] (uncredited appearance in the song &quot;Mathapoo&quot;)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Actor [[Prashanth]] signed on to star in the film in late 2001, with [[Aarthi Agarwal]] signed on as the lead actress, her Tamil debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cinebits |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c32.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909070245/http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c32.html |archive-date=9 September 2013 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Nilacharal}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was reported that Agarwal had impressed actress [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] with her performances in Telugu films and Khushbu thus recommended her to her filmmaker husband, [[Sundar C]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tulika |date=5 March 2002 |title=The Beautiful South |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/05spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215028/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/05spice.htm |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] was the director's original choice for the comic role of Kaipulla, that was eventually played by [[Vadivelu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yuvashree |date=9 May 2024 |title=வின்னர் படத்தில் வடிவேலுவுக்கு பதில் நடிக்க வேண்டியவர்! அட, இந்த நடிகரா.. |trans-title=The man who should have acted instead of Vadivelu in the film ''Winner''! Huh, this actor.. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/director-sundar-c-says-comedy-actor-vivek-was-the-first-choice-for-kaipulla-character-before-vadivelu-in-winner-movie-502966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509211516/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/director-sundar-c-says-comedy-actor-vivek-was-the-first-choice-for-kaipulla-character-before-vadivelu-in-winner-movie-502966 |archive-date=9 May 2024 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agarwal was later replaced by [[Kiran Rathod]]. Despite this, Agarwal can be seen in the beginning of the song &quot;Mathapoo&quot;, which was filmed in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VBbVXcZUAQ |title=GOAT பாட்டு ஹிட்டானதுக்கான காரணம் இது தான்! {{!}} Prashanth {{!}} Sundar C {{!}} Winner Secrets😂🤣 {{!}} Part 02 |date=29 April 2024 |language=Ta |publisher=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |trans-title=This is the reason why the GOAT song became a hit! |time=5:45 to 6:18 |time-caption=From |access-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709145252/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VBbVXcZUAQ |archive-date=9 July 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scenes showcasing a wedding at Rathod's character's house were shot at Vasan House, [[Chennai]]. Other scenes were shot in [[Hyderabad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=10 September 2002 |title=Winner |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/winner.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030306235548/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/winner.asp |archive-date=6 March 2003 |access-date=9 June 2012 |website=Chennai Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prashanth was briefly hospitalised after injuring himself filming an action scene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Prashanth |url=http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/An%20Interview%20with%20Prashanth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213827/http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/An%20Interview%20with%20Prashanth.html |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Cinematoday3.itgo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=15 February 2002 |title=Young and mature at once |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501180300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704160813/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501180300.htm |archive-date=4 July 2003 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vadivelu was injured on a separate occasion and could not walk properly, so his limp was written into the script as a result of his character being beaten up.&lt;ref name=&quot;news18&quot; /&gt; The scene where he tells [[Riyaz Khan]]'s character, &quot;Venaam Valikkuthu Azhuthuruven&quot; ({{Translation|Please don't, it hurts, I'll cry}}) took 16 takes to approve as Khan could not control his laughter every time Vadivelu said the line.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A |first=Ganesh |date=12 September 2024 |title=கண்ணாடி கடையில் வேலை பார்த்தவர் காமெடி கிங் ஆனது எப்படி? வடிவேலுவின் மறுபக்கம் |trans-title=How did a man working in a glass shop become the king of comedy? The other side of Vadivelu |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/unknown-facts-about-tamil-cinema-comedy-actor-vadivelu-gan-sjoxbf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250106101111/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/unknown-facts-about-tamil-cinema-comedy-actor-vadivelu-gan-sjoxbf%23image3 |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winner- Pavalakkodi Tamil Film Audio CD by Yuvan Shankar Raja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/winner-pavalakkodi-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250107034159/https://mossymart.com/product/winner-pavalakkodi-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |archive-date=7 January 2025 |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vignesh Ram of ''Nilacharal'' called it an &quot;above average album with a mixture of western, folk, [[Dappankuthu|dappanguthu]] and melody numbers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ram |first=Vignesh |title=WINNER - AUDIO REVIEW |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/review/winner_audio.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031005090948/http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/review/winner_audio.html |archive-date=5 October 2003 |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=Nilacharal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Eye Um Eye Um&quot; || [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]] || rowspan=5|[[Pa. Vijay]] || 4:23<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Endhan Uyir Thozhiyae&quot; || [[Udit Narayan]] || 4:38<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Mathapoo&quot; || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Premji Amaran]], Sri Vardhini || 3:59<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Mudhal Murai&quot; || [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]] || 5:10<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Engirundhai&quot; || [[Harish Raghavendra]] || 4:06<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kozhi Kokkarra&quot; || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Prashanthini]] || [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]|| 4:25<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Winner'' was released on 27 September 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;news18&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=சர்வராக வேலை பார்த்த வெற்றிப்படத் தயாரிப்பாளர் |trans-title=Successful film producer who worked as a hotel server |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-a-successful-film-producer-suthan-s-ramachandran-who-worked-as-a-server-809437.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104024539/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-a-successful-film-producer-suthan-s-ramachandran-who-worked-as-a-server-809437.html |archive-date=4 January 2025 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, &quot;It's a typical Sunder C film, one of his more enjoyable ones, with the right dose of action, sentiment, romance and humour, all weaved into a single film that is engaging and with not many lagging moments. The film makes no pretensions of being a classy affair, but nevertheless it is wholesome entertainment for the entire family. The highlight is the humour generated by the comedy track&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=9 October 2003 |title=Winner |url=http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov302.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212000029/http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov302.asp |archive-date=12 December 2003 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Chennai Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' called Vadivelu as man of the match while also praising Rathod's acting and Prashanth's action.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=26 October 2003 |title=வின்னர் |trans-title=Winner |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-10-26/page/17/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240130152256/https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-10-26/page/16/mode/2up |archive-date=30 January 2024 |access-date=30 January 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=17 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;It is a typical Sundar C. brand entertainer [...] with comedy, stunts, romance and sentiment thrown in to make the product racy [...] So naturally don't expect too much of logic in the story or plausibility in the narration&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=3 October 2003 |title=&quot;Winner&quot; |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/winner/article28574369.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812154426/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/winner/article28574369.ece |archive-date=12 August 2020 |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' wrote &quot;The thrills are there all right, but C.Sundar should have given some importance to the script. He depends on stunts and Kiran’s glamour to bring the audience to the halls. The last 20 minutes of the film look exactly like the recent Jayam where lovers are fleeing from the village with the entire villagers close on their heels as they try to catch the last train!&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winner |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003000304/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?cid=2429 |archive-date=3 October 2003 |access-date=30 November 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Post-release ==<br /> Post-release, the film's producer Ramachandran criticised Prashanth for his alleged unprofessional behaviour during production.&lt;ref name=&quot;news18&quot; /&gt; He claimed that the actor insisted on hiring Agarwal and she was paid more than the budget allocated by the producer just for the lead actress, but Prashanth after a point unceremoniously demanded her removal, and himself often did not show up for filming according to the agreed schedule. Ramachandran alleged that Prashanth was upset that Vadivelu's role had more scope than his own, hence he refused to let the film be completed and released within the planned time. He blamed Prashanth for the cost overruns, and said he was forced to sell the film at a low price to distributors. Despite this, he adopted the name &quot;Winner&quot; Ramachandran as an homage to the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தாட்சாயணி |date=29 May 2019 |title=&quot;விஜயகாந்த் சொல்லித்தான் ஷூட்டிங் ஸ்பாட்டுக்கே வந்தார் பிரசாந்த்!&quot; – 'வின்னர்' ராமச்சந்திரன் |trans-title=&quot;Prashanth came to the shooting spot only on Vijayakanth's advice!&quot; – 'Winner' Ramachandran |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/winner-ramachandran-inerview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250106090158/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/winner-ramachandran-inerview |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vadivelu's association in the film titled 'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' became popular, and was used as the title for a [[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam|2013 film]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=10 October 2017 |title=Happy birthday Vaigai Puyal Vadivelu: There is no stopping this humour storm! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-vaigai-puyal-vadivelu-4883168/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403023404/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-vaigai-puyal-vadivelu-4883168/ |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{Sundar C}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2003 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s masala films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2003 action comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2003 films]]<br /> [[Category:2003 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Sundar C]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nerkonda_Paarvai&diff=475136 2026-03-03T03:03:02Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: basic enhance article to improve readability further and cleaned formatting to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2019 film by H. Vinoth}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Nerkonda Paarvai<br /> | image = Nerkonda Paarvai poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[H. Vinoth]]<br /> | writer = H. Vinoth&lt;br /&gt;[[Ritesh Shah]]<br /> | story = [[Shoojit Sircar]]&lt;br /&gt;Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury<br /> | based_on = ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]''&lt;br /&gt;by [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]<br /> | producer = [[Boney Kapoor]]<br /> | starring = [[Ajith Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Shraddha Srinath]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]] &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Tariang<br /> | studio = [[Zee Studios]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Boney Kapoor|Bayview Projects LLP]]<br /> | music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Nirav Shah]]<br /> | editing = Gokul Chandran<br /> | distributor = S Picture&lt;br /&gt;Kandhasamy Arts<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|08|08|[[India]]}}<br /> | runtime = 157 minutes&lt;ref name=&quot;BBFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nerkonda Paarvai |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/nerkonda-paarvai-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zotk4ote |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821102641/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/nerkonda-paarvai-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zotk4ote |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=BBFC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|108–181.45}} [[crore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FPGross&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=4 December 2019 |title=Bigil, Petta, Viswasam, Kanchana 3, Nerkonda Paarvai, Kaithi power Kollywood's theatrical takings in 2019 to Rs 1000 cr |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigil-petta-viswasam-kanchana-3-nerkonda-paarvai-kaithi-power-kollywoods-theatrical-takings-in-2019-to-rs-1000-cr-7736851.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228120405/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigil-petta-viswasam-kanchana-3-nerkonda-paarvai-kaithi-power-kollywoods-theatrical-takings-in-2019-to-rs-1000-cr-7736851.html |archive-date=28 December 2019 |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 September 2019 |title='Nerkonda Paarvai' completes 50 days at the worldwide box office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nerkonda-paarvai-completes-50-days-at-the-worldwide-box-office/articleshow/71306417.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228162057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nerkonda-paarvai-completes-50-days-at-the-worldwide-box-office/articleshow/71306417.cms |archive-date=28 February 2021 |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nerkonda Paarvai''''' ({{translation|The Forthright Gaze}})&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Supriya |date=31 October 2019 |title=The taste of lightning |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/supriya-nair/the-taste-of-lightning/articleshow/71825646.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117213134/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/supriya-nair/the-taste-of-lightning/articleshow/71825646.cms |archive-date=17 November 2020 |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 2019 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[legal film|legal]] [[action drama]] film directed by [[H. Vinoth]]. Produced by [[Boney Kapoor]], it is a remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'' (2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Apart from a couple of unnecessary fights and a brief romance, this is a faithful remake of 'Pink'. |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nerkonda-paarvai-review-ajiths-courtroom-drama-film-needed-be-made-106859 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813183837/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nerkonda-paarvai-review-ajiths-courtroom-drama-film-needed-be-made-106859 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=8 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Shraddha Srinath]], [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]], and Andrea Tariang (reprising her role from the original). It also features [[Arjun Chidambaram]], [[Adhik Ravichandran]], Aswin Rao, [[Rangaraj Pandey]], [[Sujith Shankar]], [[Delhi Ganesh]], and [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] in pivotal roles. [[Nirav Shah]] is the [[cinematographer]] of the film, while Gokul Chandran is the editor.<br /> <br /> The film's [[soundtrack]] and score were composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] with cinematography by [[Nirav Shah]] and editing by Gokul Chandran. The film was released theatrically on 8 August 2019 to positive reviews from critics. It grossed {{INR|108–181.45}} [[crore]] worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;FPGross&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Meera Krishnan, Famitha Banu, and Andrea Tariang are three independent young women living in [[Chennai]] who are best friends. One night, they happen to attend a party, enjoying themselves. On the other hand, rich boys Vishwa and Venkatesh take their friend, an injured Adhik Ramajayam, to the hospital. Adhik had been hit in the head and was bleeding profusely. However, the boys decide not to file a police complaint. Meanwhile, the women hurriedly return home from the party, agitated over something, but they try to forget it and carry on with their lives.<br /> <br /> During her morning exercise, Meera is observed by Bharath Subramaniam, a grim man living in their neighbourhood who was a successful lawyer and a loving husband to his wife Kalyani years ago. Kalyani had died due to pregnancy complications when Bharath had to leave her alone at home due to an important case. This causes Bharath to break down mentally and retire from his profession, coping with his depression through the use of medications. Bharath senses from the look on Meera's face that something unpleasant has been going on in her life. Later, Meera filed a complaint against Adhik and his friend as they had started causing misery in her friends' lives. Learning of this, Adhik orchestrates a gang to kidnap Meera and molest her, while threatening her to withdraw the complaint. She is later dropped back at home, but is arrested the next day on charges of prostitution and attempted murder by Adhik.<br /> <br /> Bharath learns of Meera's plight from her friends and fights the gang that aided Adhik's friends, capturing the main goon and handing him over to the police. He also returns to his profession by offering to help the women by representing them in their cases. Soon, a case is filed. Adhik's side is represented by Sathyamoorthy.<br /> <br /> Sathyamoorthy presents the events based on Adhik's allegations that Meera and her friends met Adhik and his friends, and slept with them after having drinks. Adhik is hit on the head by Meera as a result of non-payment, labelling the women as prostitutes. He bases this on the fact that Meera has a family but lives alone, Famitha has a relationship with an older man, and Andrea is moving to Chennai from North India. Meera and her friends deny the allegations and state that the men tried to sexually assault them, prompting Meera to hit Adhik on the head with a bottle in self-defence.<br /> <br /> Bharath represents the women and bases their statement on the fact that a woman has the right to say no. Bharath and Sathyamoorthy cross-examine the witnesses and the women individually in the subsequent days, with Bharath's investigation proving successful in favour of the women. Towards the end of the trial, Bharath questions Adhik, who arrogantly says that &quot;girls born in good families don't party or drink.&quot; Bharath, however, holds a photo of Adhik's sister attending a party and having drinks in the courtroom, causing Adhik to lose his cool and curse Meera and her friends, stating that they &quot;reaped what they sowed.&quot; Consequently, he blurts out that he tried to rape Meera, shocking Sathyamoorthy. Bharath concludes the case by criticising the regressive views of society where women are stereotyped as prostitutes if they come home late, yearn to be independent, drink, and so on, but men are not judged the same way for having similar preferences.<br /> <br /> The case ends with Adhik and his friends getting arrested.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Ajith Kumar]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Bharath Subramaniam<br /> * [[Shraddha Srinath]] as Meera Krishnan<br /> * [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]] as Famitha Banu<br /> * Andrea Tariang as Andrea Tariang<br /> * [[Vidya Balan]] as Kalyani Bharath ([[special appearance]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 August 2019 |title='I worshipped Sridevi': Vidya Balan reveals the reason why she agreed to do a cameo in Ajith's Nerkonda Paarvai |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-i-worshipped-sridevi-vidya-balan-reveals-the-reason-why-she-agreed-to-do-a-cameo-in-ajith-s-nerkonda-paarvai-2781541 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821102637/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-i-worshipped-sridevi-vidya-balan-reveals-the-reason-why-she-agreed-to-do-a-cameo-in-ajith-s-nerkonda-paarvai-2781541 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=7 January 2021 |work=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Arjun Chidambaram]] as Adhik<br /> * [[Adhik Ravichandran]] as Vishwa<br /> * Aswin Rao as Venkatesh <br /> * [[Rangaraj Pandey]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Sathyamoorthy<br /> * [[Sujith Shankar]] as Gavaskar<br /> * [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Krishnan<br /> * [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Ramajayam<br /> * D. Ramachandran as the [[Judge]]<br /> * [[Junior Balaiah]] as Junior<br /> * [[Uday Mahesh]] as [[Police commissioner|Commissioner]] Deepak<br /> * [[Dinesh Prabhakar]] as [[Inspector]] Kandhasamy<br /> * Sittrarasu as Kathiravan<br /> * Priyadarshini Rajkumar as Meera's senior colleague<br /> * [[Kishen Das]] as Andrea's friend<br /> * Mai Pa Narayanan<br /> * Mathew Varghese<br /> * Kumar Natarajan<br /> * Kalpana Shree<br /> * [[Kalki Koechlin]] (special appearance in the song &quot;Kaalam&quot;)<br /> * Yunohoo (special appearance in the song &quot;Kaalam&quot;)<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was officially launched on 7 December 2018 with a formal pooja in Chennai. [[Boney Kapoor]] made his Tamil debut with this film.{{Cn|date=April 2025}} Actress [[Vidya Balan]] made her Tamil debut with this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=4 March 2019 |title=Pink remake starring Ajith named Nerkonda Paarvai, first look out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/mar/04/ajiths-pink-remake-named-nerkonda-paarvai-first-look-out-1946667.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043121/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/mar/04/ajiths-pink-remake-named-nerkonda-paarvai-first-look-out-1946667.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a remake of the Hindi film ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]''. The film producers said that the shooting will start from February 2019 and will hit the theatre screens on 8 August 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 November 2018 |title=Ajith-Vinoth film: 'Thala 59' director clarifies social media rumours |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/nov/15/ajith-vinoth-film-thala-59-director-clarifies-social-media-rumours-1898573.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043743/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/nov/15/ajith-vinoth-film-thala-59-director-clarifies-social-media-rumours-1898573.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2019, Kannada actress [[Shraddha Srinath]] was finalised to play the role that [[Taapsee Pannu]] played in the original version. The film also had [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]]. Andrea Tariang, who was also part of the original film, reprised her role. Shooting was finished in early April 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 2019 |title=It's a wrap for Ajith Kumar's Nerkonda Paarvai. |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/apr/03/its-a-wrap-for-ajith-kumars-ner-konda-paarvai-10857.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410045621/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/apr/03/its-a-wrap-for-ajith-kumars-ner-konda-paarvai-10857.html |archive-date=10 April 2019 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Nerkonda Paarvai<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 8 August 2019<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | label = [[Zee Music Company]]<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Kazhugu 2]]<br /> | prev_year = 2019<br /> | next_title = [[Hero (2019 Tamil film)|Hero]]<br /> | next_year = 2019<br /> | misc = {{Singles<br /> | name = Nerkonda Paarvai<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = Vaanil Irul<br /> | single1date = 27 June 2019<br /> | single2 = Kaalam<br /> | single2date = 9 July 2019<br /> | single3 = The Theme – Thee Mugan Dhaan<br /> | single3date = 20 July 2019<br /> | single4 = Agalaathey<br /> | single4date = 25 July 2019<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The soundtrack album is scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] in his first collaboration with director H. Vinoth. All the songs were released as singles. The soundtrack rights for the movie were acquired by [[Zee Music Company]].<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Vaanil Irul<br /> | extra1 = [[Dhee (singer)|Dhee]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Uma Devi<br /> | length1 = 3:23<br /> | title2 = Kaalam<br /> | extra2 = Alisha Thomas, Yunohoo<br /> | lyrics2 = Nagarjoon R, Yunohoo<br /> | length2 = 3:38<br /> | title3 = The Theme – Thee Mugam Dhaan<br /> | extra3 = [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan]], [[Senthildass Velayutham]], Sarath Santhosh<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> | length3 = 3:07<br /> | title4 = Agalaathey<br /> | extra4 = Prithivee, [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> | length4 = 4:38<br /> | lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay<br /> | title5 = <br /> | extra5 =<br /> | length5 = <br /> | lyrics5 =<br /> |all_writing=|title6=|length6=|title7=|length7=|title8=|length8=|title9=|length9=|title10=|length10=|total_length=}}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Box office ===<br /> The film has done average in [[Tamil Nadu]] and in [[Chennai]]. It grossed {{INR}} 6.70 [[crore]] in the first five days in [[Chennai]] itself.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai box office collection Day 5: Ajith's film is unstoppable |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-day-5-ajith-s-film-is-unstoppable-1580293-2019-08-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813164926/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-day-5-ajith-s-film-is-unstoppable-1580293-2019-08-13 |archive-date=13 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film collected {{INRConvert|45|c|lk=off|year=2015|to=USD|0|mode=historical}} in [[Tamil Nadu]] in 4 days and {{INRConvert|70|c|lk=off|year=2015|to=USD|0|mode=historical}} worldwide in opening weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai box office collection: Ajith starrer mints Rs 70 crore in opening weekend |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-ajith-starrer-mints-rs-70-crore-in-opening-weekend/story-NBQvFqd9ziSWolhqNoGvhL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728174224/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-ajith-starrer-mints-rs-70-crore-in-opening-weekend/story-NBQvFqd9ziSWolhqNoGvhL.html |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It collected {{INR|72.5 crore}} in [[Tamil Nadu]], {{INR|4.1 crore}} in [[Karnataka]], {{INR|1.95 crore}} in [[Kerala]] and {{INR|20.5 crore}} overseas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 August 2019 |title=''Nerkonda Paarvai Box Office Collection Worldwide: Rs 100 crore BLOCKBUSTER! Thala Ajith film shatters records!'' |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-worldwide-rs-100-crore-blockbuster-thala-ajith-film-shatters-records-108587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902221442/https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-nerkonda-paarvai-box-office-collection-worldwide-rs-100-crore-blockbuster-thala-ajith-film-shatters-records-108587 |archive-date=2 September 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Zee Business}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' published that ''Nerkonda Paarvai'' made {{INR|181.45 crore}} worldwide,&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot; /&gt; whereas ''[[Firstpost]]'' stated that the film ended its run with {{INR|108 crore}} worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;FPGross&quot; /&gt;The film entered {{INR|100 crore}} crore club in 4 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant V. |last2=Dugh |first2=Harish |date=14 August 2019 |title=BIG FEAT! Thala Ajith starrer Nerkonda Paarvai creates this Box Office Collection record! |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-biggest-superstar-thala-ajith-after-viswasam-nerkonda-paarvai-sets-box-office-on-fire-latest-details-108306 |access-date=24 October 2024 |work=Zee Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Critical response===<br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=100|count=5|average=7.3|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=22 December 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NERKONDA PAARVAI |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nerkonda_paarvai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222192338/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nerkonda_paarvai |archive-date=22 December 2023 |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''We'' magazine gave the film 4/5 stars, stating &quot;Vinoth has done well to keep the fans engaged. Especially, in the second half of the movie, the courtroom scenes. On the whole, the movie stays true to its original, stays relevant to the current situation. We already know that this movie will be a huge hit and with Ajith as the lead, things only have got better. Once again, huge applause for Ajith. For his acting, for selecting a plot like this.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krithika |date=8 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai Review: Ajith hits a sixer! |url=https://www.wemagazine.in/nerkonda-paarvai-review-ajith-hits-a-sixer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814061844/https://www.wemagazine.in/nerkonda-paarvai-review-ajith-hits-a-sixer/ |archive-date=14 August 2019 |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=We Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 4/5 stars stating &quot;Ajith and Shraddha Srinath starrer is one of the most socially relevant films to come out of Tamil film industry. Also, it mostly remains true to the story of its Hindi original&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai movie review: Ajith, Shraddha's Pink remake the most powerful Tamil film in a long time. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-ajith-shraddha-s-pink-remake-the-most-powerful-tamil-film-in-a-long-time/story-Gzm3GAU9gxsHNPjNsiqVmI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821102638/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-ajith-shraddha-s-pink-remake-the-most-powerful-tamil-film-in-a-long-time/story-Gzm3GAU9gxsHNPjNsiqVmI.html |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 4/5 stars stating &quot;A man of Ajith's stature is bound to create ripples in the media and the messages get spread far and wide&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai review: With Ajith at the helm, NKP strikes the right tone. |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/090819/nerkonda-paarvai-review-with-ajith-at-the-helm-nkp-strikes-the-right.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201072438/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/090819/nerkonda-paarvai-review-with-ajith-at-the-helm-nkp-strikes-the-right.html |archive-date=1 December 2022 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars stating &quot;With arresting performances of artistes and an engaging screenplay which touch upon a sensitive issue, H Vinoth manages to stay true to the original version&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=NERKONDA PAARVAI MOVIE REVIEW. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nerkonda-paarvai/movie-review/70551571.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209234002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nerkonda-paarvai/movie-review/70551571.cms |archive-date=9 December 2022 |access-date=16 September 2019 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Firstpost]] gave 3.5/5 stars stating &quot;Nerkonda Paarvai is Ajith's best movie in recent times and deserves a watch for its daring theme and presentation&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai movie review: Ajith, Shraddha Srinath shine in faithful, engaging remake of Pink. |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-ajith-shraddha-srinath-shine-in-faithful-engaging-remake-of-pink-7120351.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207070238/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-ajith-shraddha-srinath-shine-in-faithful-engaging-remake-of-pink-7120351.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars stating &quot;Nerkonda Paarvai is a timely film that could significantly contribute to sensitising people to the plight of the victims of sexual violence. When a big star like Ajith says 'No means No', the impact of the punchline on the audience could be immediate and stronger than what Amitabh Bachchan achieved when he said it the first time.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai review: This is Ajith's most significant social film. |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-rating-5888274/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225063825/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-rating-5888274/ |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[News18]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars stating &quot;Ajith carries the weight of the film on his shoulders with ease but he refuses to shed his mainstream superstar image completely&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=NERKONDA PAARVAI MOVIE REVIEW. |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-a-superbly-subdued-ajith-gets-the-film-up-and-flying-2263151.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821102640/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-a-superbly-subdued-ajith-gets-the-film-up-and-flying-2263151.html |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[Film Companion]]'', &quot;In a sense, Nerkonda Paarvai is a companion piece to [[Viswasam]]. Once again, Ajith redeems himself by saving a woman after failing to protect one. It's an admirable admission of vulnerability for a megastar...as Bharath, Ajith gives one of his best performances. He is subdued, dignified—like the courtroom scenes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=6 August 2019 |title=Nerkonda Paarvai Movie Review: A Subdued, Dignified Ajith Powers A Solid &quot;No Means No&quot; Drama |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-a-subdued-dignified-ajith-powers-a-solid-no-means-no-drama |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219050418/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/nerkonda-paarvai-movie-review-a-subdued-dignified-ajith-powers-a-solid-no-means-no-drama |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Home media===<br /> The film became available as [[Video on demand|VOD]] on [[ZEE5]] on 19 September 2019, and saw a DVD release in India, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nerkonda Paarvai |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/nerkonda-paarvai/0-0-90827 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307010749/https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/nerkonda-paarvai/0-0-90827 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=ZEE5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2019 |title=ZEE5 launches its next Tamil original Police Diary 2.0 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee5-launches-its-next-tamil-original-police-diary-2-0-2244212.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821102649/https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee5-launches-its-next-tamil-original-police-diary-2-0-2244212.html |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=Zee News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt9675716}}<br /> <br /> {{H. Vinoth}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010s legal drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about social issues in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about women in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br /> [[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian feminist films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian legal drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by H. Vinoth]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by Boney Kapoor]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blouse_(film)&diff=492024 2026-03-02T10:03:16Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created the page needs work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian short film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Blouse<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = Vijayeta Kumar<br /> | producer = [[Times Music]]<br /> | writer = Sanjay Chandwara<br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = [[Sumeet Vyas]]<br /> | music = <br /> | cinematography = Arjun Sorte<br /> | editing = Pranav Mistry<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|05|07}}&lt;ref name=&quot;AT30sep2020&quot; /&gt;<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Blouse''''' is an Indian Hindi short film based on an submissive school teacher, Shyam, and directed by Vijayeta Kumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Archana Kumari |first=Singh |date=30 September 2020 |title=Sumit Vyas' short film 'Blouse' |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/trailer/sumeet-vyas-short-film-blouse-full-movie/videoshow/78402389.cms |website=[[India Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shyam wants to give a special gift to his wife, Roopa, on the occasion of [[Karva Chauth|Karwa Chauth]], but he loses her blouse measurements. <br /> <br /> In this film, Shyam's role is played by [[Sumeet Vyas]], Roopa is played by Preeti Hansraj Sharma, Kanta is played by [[Ronjini Chakraborty]], and Babu Tailor is played by Imran Rasheed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=30 September 2020 |title=Sumeet Vyas' short film 'Blouse' with 10 National and International nominations is OUT NOW on YouTube |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sumeet-vyas-short-film-blouse-with-10-national-and-international-nominations-is-out-now-on-youtube/articleshow/78401281.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[New York Indian Film Festival]], it won the Best Short Film Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=Blouse: Sumeet Vyas's short film is now on YouTube, has been nominated in many film festivals |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/bollywood/article/blouse-a-sumeet-vyas-short-film-with-10-national-and-international-nominations-is-out-now-on-youtube/315025 |website=[[Times Now Hindi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also won Best Script at the [[Jaipur International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumeet Vyas On Short Film Blouse: “Simple Story That Needs Special Skills To Be Told” |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/sumeet-vyas-on-short-film-blouse-simple-story-that-needs-special-skills-to-be-told/ |website=Koimoi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AT30sep2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/sumit-vyas-famous-short-film-with-ten-international-nominations-called-blouse-is-releasing-after-six-years-tmov-1138282-2020-09-30 | title=Sumit Vyas' famous film Blouse released online after 6 years |website=[[Aaj Tak]] | date=30 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Sumeet Vyas]] as Shyam<br /> * Preeti Hansraj Sharma as Roopa<br /> * [[Ronjini Chakraborty]] as Kanta<br /> * Imran Rasheed as Babu Tailor<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> ==External links==<br /> {{IMDb title|3012010}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian short films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 short films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Indian films]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laiphangba&diff=511560 2026-02-26T07:23:22Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: made a post...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Laiphangba<br /> | title = Khuman Ningthou<br /> | reign = 570 CE – 620 CE<br /> | reign-type = [[Monarch]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Khomba Ningthouba]]<br /> | successor = [[Punshi Yumoiba]]<br /> | spouse = Nganurol Kaireima<br /> | issue = Punshi Yumoiba<br /> | regnal name = Adon Laiphangba<br /> | house = [[Khuman dynasty]]<br /> | father = Khomba Ningthouba<br /> | occupation = [[Monarch]]<br /> | religion = [[Sanamahism]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Khuman Kingdom}}<br /> {{Meitei people}}'''Adon Laiphangba''' ({{Langx|omp|Aton Laiphangpa}}) was a king of the [[Khuman dynasty]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]).{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|p=14-15}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=38-40}} He reigned from 570 CE to 620 CE.{{Sfnp|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998|p=43}}<br /> <br /> He was a contemporary of King [[Ura Konthouba]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (567-657 CE).{{Sfnp|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998|p=43}}<br /> <br /> == Reign ==<br /> In 575 CE, Laiphangba built [[Mayang Imphal]] as the second capital of the kingdom besides the already established capital at [[Thoubal]]. This was the start of dual-capital system of the [[Khuman kingdom]].{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|p=14-15}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=38-40}}<br /> <br /> During his time, the Khuman kingdom was extended westward which made the kingdom much more powerful.{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|p=14-15}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=38-40}}<br /> <br /> His son, [[Punshi Yumoiba]] further developed [[Mayang Imphal]], which made it grow stronger than the capital at [[Thoubal]].{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|p=14-15}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=38-40}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Yumbanlol copper plate inscriptions]]<br /> * [[Khuman dynasty]]<br /> * [[Kangleipak]]<br /> * [[Mayang Imphal]]<br /> * [[Sanamahism]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Sources cited ===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Khelchandra Singh |first=Ningthoukhongjam |author-link=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466994 |title=Khuman Kangleirol |date=1980 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980}}}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ibobi |first=Laikhuram |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465221 |title=Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998}}}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Kullachandra Sharma |first=B. |author-link=Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466468 |title=Khuman Ningthourol Lambuba |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989}}}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Khuman kings]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Year of death missing]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pichu_Sambamoorthi&diff=447094 2026-02-14T02:18:45Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian musicologist (1901–1973)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Pichu Sambamoorthi<br /> | image= Pichu Sambamoorthi.png<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1901|02|14}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bitragunta]], [[Madras Presidency]], India<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1973|10|23|1901|02|14}}<br /> | occupation = [[Musicologist]]&lt;br&gt;Writer<br /> | yearsactive = 1928–1973<br /> | known for = Music academics<br /> | spouse = Anandavalli<br /> | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Pichu Sambamoorthi''' (1901–1973) was an Indian musicologist, writer and the professor of musicology at the [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamurthy [Sambamoorthy], Pichu.&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://aroundlife.cn/grove/Entries/S51885.htm | title=Sambamurthy [Sambamoorthy], Pichu. | publisher=Around Life | date=2016 | access-date=1 April 2016 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the author several books on music, including ''A Dictionary of South Indian Music and Musicians'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamoorthy2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Pichu Sambamoorthy|title=A Dictionary of South Indian Music and Musicians of P. Sambamoorthy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QP8nRAAACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Great composers'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamoorthy1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Great Composers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZPjAAAAMAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''South Indian Music'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamoorthy&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=South Indian music|year=1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYufAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Indian Music Pub. House}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Sruthi Vadyas (Drones)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sruthi Vadyas (Drones)&quot;&gt;{{cite book | url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL358092W/Sruti_vadyas_drones | title=Sruthi Vadyas (Drones) | publisher=All India Handicrafts Board | author=P Sambamoorthy | year=1957 | pages=48 | oclc=10709031}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Laya Vadyas: Time-Keeping Instruments''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamoorthy1959&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Laya Vadyas: Time-keeping Instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP59QgAACAAJ|year=1959|publisher=All India Handicrafts Board}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was awarded the [[Madras Music Academy]]'s [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] in 1972. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1971, for his contributions to music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also a 1963 recipient of the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/Fellows.html | title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship | publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi | date=2016 | access-date=16 July 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727131515/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/Fellows.html | archive-date=27 July 2016 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Born on 14 February 1901 at [[Bitragunta]], a small village in the erstwhile [[Madras Presidency]] (presently in [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]), Sambamoorthi trained in vocals and violin under various teachers such as Boddu Krishniah, M. Doraiswami Iyer, S. A. Ramaswami Iyer and Krishnaswami Bhagavatar.&lt;ref name=&quot;P Sambamoorthy on Open Library&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL8784A/P_Sambamoorthy | title=P Sambamoorthy on Open Library | publisher=Open Library | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; He started his career, in 1928, as a member of faculty of music at [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai|Queen Mary's College]] but moved to Germany, in 1931, under a grant from [[Deutsche Akademie]], and studied musicology at the academy, simultaneously learning [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München]], then known as ''Staatliche Akademie der Tonkunst''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamurthy [Sambamoorthy], Pichu.&quot; /&gt; On his return to India, he joined [[Madras University]] as a lecturer and, later, a Reader in Music, and continued there till 1961 when he joined ''Sangita Vadyalaya'', Chennai, as its director. In 1964, he was appointed as the Professor of Musicology at [[Sri Venkateswara University]], Tirupati, a post he held for two years, till his return to Madras University in 1966.&lt;ref name=&quot;P Sambamoorthy on Open Library&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sambamoorthi was associated with several universities in India, including [[Banaras Hindu University]], under a [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] programme.&lt;ref name=&quot;P Sambamoorthy on Open Library&quot; /&gt; He published over 50 books which included a six-volume treatise, ''South Indian Music''&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|author4=Timothy Rice|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&amp;pg=PA161|year=1998|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=161–}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a two-volume biographical account, ''Great Composers''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Great composers / P. Sambamoorthy.&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?dscnt=1&amp;fctN=facet_local20&amp;elementId=6&amp;recIdxs=6&amp;rfnGrp=1&amp;frbrVersion=2&amp;scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&amp;fctV=request_to_reading_room&amp;tab=local_tab&amp;dstmp=1459602184768&amp;gathStatTab=true&amp;mode=Basic&amp;vl(488279563UI0)=sub&amp;indx=7&amp;fromLogin=true&amp;renderMode=poppedOut&amp;rfnGrpCounter=1&amp;vl(freeText0)=Composers&amp;fn=search&amp;vid=BLVU1&amp;displayMode=full&amp;ct=display&amp;recIds=BLL01012495982&amp;vl(1423900464UI1)=all_items&amp;doc=BLL01012495982&amp;tabs=detailsTab&amp;fromLogin=true | title=Great composers / P. Sambamoorthy. | publisher=British Library | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Catalogue of Musical Instruments'', in display at the [[Government Museum, Chennai]], was prepared by him in 1962,&lt;ref name=&quot;Catalogue of musical instruments&quot;&gt;{{cite book | url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000834486 | title=Catalogue of musical instruments | publisher=Hathi Trust | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; which has since gone into several re-prints.&lt;ref name=&quot;Preface to the Fourth Edition&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.e-books-chennaimuseum.tn.gov.in/ChennaiMuseum/images/82/files/basic-html/page8.html | title=Preface to the Fourth Edition | publisher=Chennai Museum | date=12 September 1973 | access-date=2 April 2016 | archive-date=21 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421160756/http://www.e-books-chennaimuseum.tn.gov.in/ChennaiMuseum/images/82/files/basic-html/page8.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He received the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]] from the Government of India in 1971.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot; /&gt; A year later, he was selected for the [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] award by the [[Madras Music Academy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Recipients of Sangita Kalanidhi&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.musicacademymadras.in/fotemplate05.php?temp=ac1c9891-da71-11e2-b2c0-00167688e545&amp;tc=acb9c3bc-f620-11e2-8d59-00304891133e&amp;shid=acb9f4b8-f620-11e2-8d59-00304891133e | title=Recipients of Sangita Kalanidhi | publisher=Madras Music Academy | date=2016 | access-date=2 April 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101059/http://www.musicacademymadras.in/fotemplate05.php?temp=ac1c9891-da71-11e2-b2c0-00167688e545&amp;tc=acb9c3bc-f620-11e2-8d59-00304891133e&amp;shid=acb9f4b8-f620-11e2-8d59-00304891133e | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sambamoorthi, who was married to Anandavalli, died on 23 October 1973, at the age of 72.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sambamurthy [Sambamoorthy], Pichu.&quot; /&gt; His life and work have been documented in a book, ''Prof. Sambamoorthy, the Visionary Musicologist'', published by [[Madras Music Academy]], in connection with his birth centenary in 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prof. Sambamoorthy, the Visionary Musicologist&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=Prof. Sambamoorthy, the Visionary Musicologist | publisher=Madras Music Academy | author=Brahma | year=2001 | pages=171 | oclc=48508812}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Selected bibliography ==<br /> <br /> ===English===<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=South Indian music series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BatKnQEACAAJ|year=1929|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=The Melakarta Janya-Raga Scheme: With an Explanatory Chart and Two Appendices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2BLNAAACAAJ|date=1929|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=South Indian Music Series ... (South Indian Music.) Illustrated with tables. Second edition, revised and enlarged|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sr3ZMgEACAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Madras}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Syama Sastri and other Famous Figures of South Indian Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwEjMgEACAAJ|year=1935|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=A Dictionary of South Indian Music and Musicians (3 volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kQoAAAAMAAJ|year=1952|publisher=Indian Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Sruti Vadyas: (drones)|url=https://archive.org/details/srutivadyasdrone00samb|year=1957|publisher=All India Handicrafts Board}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Laya Vadyas: Time-keeping Instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP59QgAACAAJ|year=1959|publisher=All India Handicrafts Board}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Great Composers (2 volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGovnQEACAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=South Indian music (6 volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBE5AQAAIAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Indian Music Pub. House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Tyagaraja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PEHAQAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=National Book Trust}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Government Museum (Madras, India)|author2=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Catalogue of Musical Instruments: Exhibited in the Government Museum, Chennai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKCfAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Principal Commissioner of Museums, Government Museum}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=The Flute|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwbOOwAACAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Indian music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Aids to the teaching of music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5c6AAAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Indian Music Pub. House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Great musicians: giving biographical sketches and critical estimates of 15 of the musical luminaries of the post-Tyagaraja period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RYFAQAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Indian Music Pub. House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Elements of Western Music for Students of Indian Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyhEnQEACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> <br /> ===Tamil===<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Kirtana sagaram (5 volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lj2QrgEACAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=கர்னாடக ஸங்கீத புஸ்தகம்: முதல் பாகம்|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIQYnQEACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=P. Sambamoorthy|title=Practical course in karnatic music (3 volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7FunQEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Indian Music Publishing House}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München]]<br /> * [[Deutsche Akademie]]<br /> * [[Madras Music Academy]]<br /> {{portal|India|Music}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India|url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade|url-access=registration|date=20 July 1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-86840-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/n509 260]–}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/02/23/stories/0923070d.htm | title=Homage to musicologist | date=2001 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=16 July 2016}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/02/16/stories/0916070f.htm | title=Remembering a pioneer | date=2001 | access-date=16 July 2016 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | author=Maithreyi Ramadurai}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br /> * Sriram, V (2019) &quot;[https://www.madrasmusings.com/vol-29-no-16/lost-landmarks-of-chennai-60/ Lost Landmarks of Chennai]&quot;, Madras Musings, Vol. XXIX No. 16, December 1-15, 2019<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}<br /> {{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sambamoorthi, Pichu}}<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br /> [[Category:1901 births]]<br /> [[Category:1973 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:University of Music and Theatre Munich alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Madras]]<br /> [[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musicologists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Nellore district]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]<br /> [[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]<br /> [[Category:English-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian musicologists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century science writers]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vadakke_Madhom&diff=543236 2026-01-31T06:40:14Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating Entry!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu pilgrimage site in Kerala, India}}<br /> {{notability|Geo|date=November 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox body of water<br /> | name = Brahmaswam Madham <br /> | image = Lake in Thrissur, Kerala 20140101 01.jpg<br /> | caption = A view of Brahmaswam Madham from Padinjarechira pond<br /> | alt = View of Brahmaswam Madham from Padinjarechira pond<br /> | image_bathymetry = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Vadakke Madhom within Kerala<br /> | caption_bathymetry = <br /> | location = [[Thrissur]] city, [[Kerala]]<br /> | coords = {{coord|10.522|76.209|display=title,inline}}<br /> | type = Artificial pond<br /> | inflow = <br /> | outflow = <br /> | catchment = <br /> | basin_countries = [[India]]<br /> | length = <br /> | width = <br /> | area = {{convert|4|acre|abbr=on}}<br /> | depth = <br /> | max-depth = <br /> | volume = <br /> | residence_time = <br /> | shore = <br /> | elevation = <br /> | islands = <br /> | cities = <br /> | frozen = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Vadakke Madhom''' popularly known as '''Brahmaswam Madham''', is one of the four ancient [[South India]]n ''{{not a typo|[[matha|madhoms]]}}'' that propagate [[Advaita Vedanta|Adwaita]] or [[Nonduality (spirituality)|nondualism]]. Spiritual leader [[Adi Shankara]]'s disciple Hasthamalakacharya started the Madhom. It is located at [[Thrissur]] city in [[Kerala]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.namboothiri.com/articles/madhoms.htm|title=Brahmaswom Madhoms and Swaamiyaar Madhoms |website=Namboothiri.com|access-date=20 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Totakacharya was the first Madhapathi (Head) of Vadakke Madhom.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{commons category-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Thrissur topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Madhoms in Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Thrissur district]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]<br /> [[Category:Religious organisations based in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals in Kerala]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_1-paisa_coin&diff=504014 2026-01-09T00:59:02Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: made new post</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian coin}}<br /> {{distinguish|1 naya paisa (Indian coin)}}<br /> {{Infobox coin<br /> | Denomination = One Paisa<br /> | Country = India<br /> | Value = 1[[File:Indian Paisa symbol.svg|8px]] ({{frac|1|100}}{{INR}})<br /> | Unit = <br /> | Mass_g = 1.48<br /> | Mass_troy_oz = 0.048<br /> | Mass_grain = <br /> | Mass_ounce = <br /> | Mass_special = &lt;!-- used for specialized formatting (eg. multiple cladding of same coin)--&gt;<br /> | Gold_troy_oz = <br /> | Silver_troy_oz = <br /> | Diameter_mm = 16 <br /> | Diameter_inch = 0.063<br /> | Diameter_special = &lt;!-- used for specialized formatting, or adding references to infobox--&gt;<br /> | Thickness_mm = 1.01<br /> | Thickness_inch = 0.04<br /> | Thickness_special = &lt;!-- used for specialized formatting, or adding references to infobox--&gt;<br /> | Edge = Smooth<br /> | Composition = [[Nickel silver|Nickel-brass]] (1964)&lt;br/&gt;[[Aluminium]] (1965–1971)<br /> | Years of Minting = {{Start date|1957}}–{{End date|1981}}<br /> | Mintage = 2,235,853,025<br /> | Mint marks = [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]] = ⧫&lt;br/&gt;Mumbai Proof issues = B&lt;br/&gt;[[India Government Mint, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] = *&lt;br/&gt;[[India Government Mint, Noida|Noida]] = °&lt;br/&gt;[[India Government Mint, Kolkata|Kolkata]] = No mint-mark<br /> | Circulation = [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]]<br /> | Catalog Number = KM#9 &amp; KM#10<br /> | Obverse = <br /> | Obverse Design = <br /> | Obverse Designer = <br /> | Obverse Design Date = <br /> | Obverse Discontinued = <br /> | Obverse2 = <br /> | Obverse2 Design = <br /> | Obverse2 Designer = <br /> | Obverse2 Design Date = <br /> | Obverse2 Discontinued = <br /> | Obverse3 = <br /> | Obverse3 Design = <br /> | Obverse3 Designer = <br /> | Obverse3 Design Date = <br /> | Obverse3 Discontinued = <br /> | Obverse4 = <br /> | Obverse4 Design = <br /> | Obverse4 Designer = <br /> | Obverse4 Design Date = <br /> | Obverse4 Discontinued = <br /> | Reverse = <br /> | Reverse Design = <br /> | Reverse Designer = <br /> | Reverse Design Date = <br /> | Reverse Discontinued = <br /> | Reverse2 = <br /> | Reverse2 Design = <br /> | Reverse2 Designer = <br /> | Reverse2 Design Date = <br /> | Reverse2 Discontinued = <br /> | Reverse3 = <br /> | Reverse3 Design = <br /> | Reverse3 Designer = <br /> | Reverse3 Design Date = <br /> | Reverse3 Discontinued = <br /> | Reverse4 = <br /> | Reverse4 Design = <br /> | Reverse4 Designer = <br /> | Reverse4 Design Date = <br /> | Reverse4 Discontinued = <br /> }}<br /> The Indian '''One Paisa coin''' ({{langx|hi|पैसा}}) is a former denomination of the [[Indian Rupee]]. The 1[[File:Indian Paisa symbol.svg|8px]] coin equals {{frac|1|100}} (one-hundredth) of the Indian Rupee. The symbol for paisa is ([[File:Indian Paisa symbol.svg|10px]]). In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the &quot;Indian Coinage Act&quot;. Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called &quot;Naya Paisa&quot; ({{langx|hi|नया पैसा}}) (English: ''New Paisa'') and on 1 June 1964, the term &quot;Naya&quot; was dropped and the denomination was simply called &quot;One paisa&quot;. One paisa coin has been [[Legal tender#Demonetization|demonetized]] and is no longer [[legal tender]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=25 paise coins to be demonetised |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2011/05/18/25paise-coins-to-bedemonetised-aid0126.html |work=OneIndia |access-date=2024-09-14 |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605085015/https://www.oneindia.com/2011/05/18/25paise-coins-to-bedemonetised-aid0126.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Prior to 1957, the [[Indian rupee]] was not [[Decimalisation|decimalised]] and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 [[Anno Domini|AD]] was further divided into 16 [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]]. Each anna was further divided to four [[Indian pice]]s and each pice into three [[Pie (monetary subunit)|pies]] till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the &quot;Indian Coinage Act&quot; to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called &quot;Naya Paisa&quot; (English: ''New Paisa''). On 1 June 1964, the term &quot;Naya&quot; was dropped and the denomination was simply called &quot;One paisa&quot;. One paisa coins were issued as a part of &quot;The Decimal Series&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Republic India Coinage&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Republic India Coinage|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|access-date=30 November 2016|url=https://rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/mc_republic.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128133655/https://rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/mc_republic.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1 paisa coin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=1 paisa coin|publisher=India Numismatics|access-date=30 November 2016|url=https://indianumismatics.wordpress.com/category/history-of-indian-coins/|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914104632/https://indianumismatics.wordpress.com/category/history-of-indian-coins/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; One paisa coin was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on 30 June 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Currency Matters&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Currency Matters|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|access-date=30 November 2016|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_CurrencyFAQView.aspx?Id=39|archive-date=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109032648/https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_CurrencyFAQView.aspx?Id=39|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Variants==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;13&quot;|Variants (1964-1981).<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Image !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Value !! colspan=&quot;4&quot;| Technical parameters !! colspan=&quot;3&quot;| Description !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Year of minting !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Monetary&lt;br/&gt;status<br /> |-<br /> ! Obverse !! Reverse !! Weight !! Diameter !! Thickness !! Metal !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First !! Last<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1 Naya paisa (Obverse).jpg|x100px]] || [[File:1 Naya paisa (Reverse).jpg|x100px]] || 1 Paisa || 1.5 g || 16 mm || 1 mm || Bronze || Smooth || [[State Emblem of India]] &amp; country&lt;br/&gt;name in Hindi and English. || Face-value and year. || 1957 || 1961 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1 Indian paisa (Obverse) 1964.jpg|x100px]] || [[File:1 Indian paisa (Reverse) 1964.jpg|x100px]] || 1 Paisa || 1.48 g || 16 mm || 1.01 mm || [[Nickel silver|Nickel-brass]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Smooth || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[State Emblem of India]] &amp; country&lt;br/&gt;name in Hindi and English. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Face-value and year. || 1959 || 1964 || [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1964 Indian paisa&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=1964 Indian paisa|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 November 2016|url=http://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1626.html|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015420/http://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1626.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1 Indian paisa (Obverse).jpg|x100px]] || [[File:1 Indian paisa (Reverse).jpg|x100px]] || 1 Paisa || 0.75 g || 17 mm || 1.72 mm || [[Aluminium]] || 1965 || 1981 || [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1965 Indian paisa&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=1965 Indian paisa|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 November 2016|url=http://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces7179.html|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914104740/https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces7179.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|India|Numismatics|Money}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Indian paisa]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian currency}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Historical currencies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Coins of India]]<br /> [[Category:One-cent coins]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Pandit&diff=528868 2026-01-08T00:47:12Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: put up a article v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Singer (born 1967)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Rakesh Pandit<br /> | image =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Rakesh Pandit in August 2014<br /> | image_size = 221px<br /> | occupations = Singer, musician<br /> | instruments = Vocals, Harmonium<br /> | genre = Classical Singing, [[Semi-classical music|Semi-Classical Singing]], [[Ghazals|Ghazals Singing]], [[Sufi|Sufi Singing]], [[Folk music|Folk Singing]], [[Bhajan|Bhajan Singing]], [[Playback singer|Playback Singing]]<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], [[Tips Industries|Tips]], [[Saregama]], [[Venus Records &amp; Tapes]]<br /> | years_active = 1989–present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rakesh Pandit''' (born 8 September 1967) is an Indian Singer whose songs have been featured mainly in Hindi Movies and sung over 100 Bollywood songs. He has released Indian pop albums and gave many live performances.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article575784.ece|title = Lata Mangeshkar, Pt Jasraj sing &quot;aarti&quot; for Marathi movie|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 17 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Jagjit-Singh-mesmerises-all/articleshow/5189087.cms |title=Jagjit Singh mesmerises all - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126073524/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-03/bollywood/28096267_1_jagjit-singh-jagjitji-art-and-music |archive-date=26 January 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> <br /> Rakesh Pandit was born on 8 September 1967 in [[Borivali, Mumbai]] to a great classical artiste Shri. Shambhu Pandit (Well renowned Qawwali Duo in Music Industry as &quot;ShankerShambhu&quot;). He began his singing career at the age of three, when he joined his father Shri. Shambhuji. In his teenage years(12 years), he successfully gave live performances on stage and began his [[Bollywood]] singing career at a very early age of 22. He learnt the nuances of music from his dad and uncle Shri.Shanker Pandit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lilting-melody/765906|title = Lilting MELODY|date = 25 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Rakesh Pandit debuted in 1989 when he rendered his high-pitched voice for '''''Milte Hain Dil Se Dil''''' from the movie '''Mera Dil Tere Liye'''. The music director of this movie 'Babul Bose' gave him his first break in Bollywood with a cracking Qawaali which was picturized on Kader Khan, Mamta Kulkarni and Dinesh.<br /> <br /> He Won many accolades for his soulful songs:-<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Yeh Jo Tera Zikr Hai'' from '''''Guzaarish''''' (2010)<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1438298/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Tum Jo Aaye Zindagi Mein'', ''Pee loon'' '''''in Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai''''' (2010)<br /> <br /> He sings in varied genres including Classical, [[Folk music|Folk]], [[Bhajan]], [[Ghazal]], [[Qawwali]] and [[Sufi music|Sufiana]].<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> * [[Guzaarish (2010 film)|Guzaarish]]<br /> * [[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]<br /> * [[Maqbool]]<br /> * [[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1224626}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pandit, Rakesh}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male ghazal singers]]<br /> [[Category:1967 births]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=PC_Jabin_College&diff=467835 2026-01-06T10:56:44Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: minor refine information based on references and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Science college in India}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> |name = P.C. Jabin Science College<br /> |image = P.C.Jabin College Heritage Building.jpg<br /> |caption = P.C. Jabin College Heritage Building, HUBLI<br /> |motto = <br /> |established = 1957<br /> |type = [[Education]]<br /> |principal = L.D.Horakeri<br /> |faculty =<br /> |undergrad = [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]], BCA<br /> |postgrad = [[Master of Science|M.Sc.]]<br /> |academic_affiliations = [[Karnatak University]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Affiliated Colleges Dharwad |url=https://kud.ac.in/affiliated-college.php |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=kud.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |city = [[Hubli]]<br /> |state = [[Karnataka]]<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |coor = {{coord|15|22|1.96|N|75|7|20.05|E|region:IN|display=title}}<br /> |campus = [[Urban area]] &lt;br&gt; &amp;nbsp; 9 [[acres]] <br /> |nickname = Jabinians<br /> |website = {{URL|http://www.jabincollege.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''P. C. Jabin Science College''' is a science college in [[Hubballi]], [[India]] run by the [[KLE Society]], Belagavi. It is located in Vidyanagar, Hubballi, next to the [[KLE Technological University]], Hubballi. The college is named after its principal donor Parappa Channappa Jabin of Hubballi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About College|url=http://www.jabincollege.com/AboutCollege.aspx |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=www.jabincollege.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is recognised under 2F and 12B of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] Act, June 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/colleges/List%20of%20college%20as%20on%2030112021.pdf#page=455 |title=Consolidated List of Colleges under section 2(f)/12(B) 31-01-2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=ugc.ac.in|pages=455}}&lt;/ref&gt; The college was reaccredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] and the UGC awarded the status of &quot;College with Potential for excellence&quot; in 2006.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} UGC has granted autonomous status to the college.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/0062368_Latest-832-Auto-Colleges16-06-2021.pdf?_gl=1*170gbvh*_ga*MjE0NzM3NjU3NC4xNjQ1MTgxMjcy*_ga_FGHYECNLXB*MTY0NjU2OTU2NS40LjEuMTY0NjU2OTU5MC4w#page=18 |title=STATUS LIST OF APPROVED 871 AUTONOMOUS COLLEGES AS ON DATE 22.02.2022 |access-date=6 March 2022|website=ugc.ac.in |pages=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Programs ==<br /> * Bachelor of Science. <br /> * Bachelor of Computer Applications.<br /> * Master of Science (Bio-Tech).<br /> * Master of Science (Computer Science).<br /> * Master of Science (Organic Chemistry).<br /> * Master of Science (Physics).<br /> <br /> == Facilities ==<br /> <br /> The college building consists of a library, laboratories, classrooms and a garden spread over {{convert|8|acre|m2}}. Every department is provided with a staff room, a library, a computer and a separate chamber for the head of the department. The garden has medicinal plants and aquaculture. The college also provides a few student - amenities like a bank, a canteen, a post office, drinking water, a career guidance bureau, a counselling cell and a placement cell.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br /> <br /> * Library - The college library has a collection of 58,000 books and 500 periodicals, in an independent building. The establishment of a Digital Library is in process and will have an Open Access System. A special provision will be made to help the poor and deserving students, SC/ ST students, etc., by providing, every year, a set of text books each for one complete year. The library will be provided with audio, video, internet and photocopying facilities. The Digital Library will give access to 6,000 e-journals through the internet. It will cater to the needs of both the students and the faculty. It will be useful for the members of the faculty in their research. It will be computerized with a library management software, with an O. P. A. C. (Online Public Access Catalog) system, which will help the students and staff search for a book.<br /> * '''Language Lab''' – It has 24 computers.<br /> * '''Hostel accommodation for both boys and girls''' – Both girls and boys have hostels. The boys' hostel can accommodate 75 boys. The ladies' hostel can accommodate 280 students. Both the hostels are in the vicinity of the College.<br /> * '''Student Support Service''' – Co-curricular and extra curricular activities.<br /> Extra curricular activities like sports, debates, etc., are conducted by the College Union, which consists of various students' associations and a gym. These bodies meet periodically to chalk out programs. Every student on the rolls is a member of a 'College Union' which coordinates the participation of the students in co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. The student representatives nominated by the committee constituted by the Principal collect suggestions of students.<br /> <br /> Other activities such as seminars, symposia, lectures by experts, etc., are organized through the subject associations - Physical Society, Chemical Society, Mathematical Society, Zoological Society, Botanical Society, Statistical Society and the Karnataka Rajya Vijnana Parishath (Karnataka State Science Foundation). The college magazine, called &quot;College Miscellany&quot; has a Chief Editor. The students contribute articles on various subjects and general topics and can also send their suggestions for improvement of the magazine, directly to the Editor.<br /> <br /> ==NCC / NSS==<br /> The college offers NCC training as well as participation in the NSS and community service schemes. The students are advised to join either NCC or NSS and also to take an active part in sports in their own interest as certain percentage of seats are reserved for admission to professional colleges and Post Graduate courses. Such students are also given preference in the appointments in many departments.<br /> <br /> '''Co-Operative Consumers Society'''<br /> The Co-Operative Consumers Society of the college sells articles which are useful to students.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Hubli-Dharwad]]<br /> [[Category:Science colleges in India]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1957]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qila_Mubarak&diff=464292 2025-12-24T07:03:16Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: basic updated citations per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>'''Qila Mubarak''' may refer to three distinctive historical sites associated with [[Sikh architecture|Sikh]] and [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic architectural heritage]]. These forts were primarily established by the rulers of the [[Phulkian dynasty]] during accession of [[Ala Singh]], a heraldic leaguer of &lt;span lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;Sidhu kinship.&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> * [[Qila Mubarak, Bathinda]] historical monument in the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India prepositionally constructed or robustly fortified by forbearing protagonists of [[Brar|Brar-Jat]] sub-lineage, however some accountable sources indicate it was originally built by non other than [[Ala Singh]] of the renowned Patiala dynasty.<br /> * [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala]], fortress of Sikh architecture in Patiala, Punjab, India. <br /> * [[Qila Mubarak, Faridkot]] <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Qila Rai Pithora]], fortified complex in present-day Delhi, which includes the Qutb Minar complex.<br /> <br /> {{geodis}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rani_Kamalapati%E2%80%93Indore_Junction_AC_Double_Decker_Express&diff=529585 2025-12-23T06:32:58Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: put up some info initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Passenger train in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Rani Kamalapati – Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express<br /> | image=<br /> | caption =<br /> | type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]<br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|9|27}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=AC Double Decker Train Service between Habibganj and Indore in Madhya Pradesh Flagged Off |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99732|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=27 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFobAI7V1HU] <br /> | last = originally 13 August 2014 [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Indore-Bhopal-double-decker-to-go-off-tracks-on-Aug-13/articleshow/39860501.cms] now extended [http://thehitavada.com/news-details/double-decker-train-to-continue-plying-between-habibganj-and-indore]<br /> | operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railways]]<br /> | ridership = Poor [http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indore-bhopal-double-decker-runs-with-only-8-passengers-1915681]<br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}}<br /> | stops = 6<br /> | end = {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}}<br /> | distance = {{convert|224|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 3&amp;nbsp;hours 35&amp;nbsp;minutes as 22183 {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}} {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} AC Double Decker Express, 4&amp;nbsp;hours 00&amp;nbsp;minutes as 22184 {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}} AC Double Decker Express<br /> | frequency = Daily<br /> | class = AC Chair Car<br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = No<br /> | autorack =<br /> | catering = No [[pantry car]] attached<br /> | observation = Rake sharing with 22185 / 86 [[Bhopal–Indore AC Double Decker Express]]<br /> | entertainment =<br /> | baggage =<br /> | other facilities=<br /> | stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] coaches<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br /> | el =<br /> | trainnumber = 22183 / 22184<br /> | speed = {{convert|140|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum,&lt;br/&gt;{{convert|59.08|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts<br /> | map = <br /> | map_state =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 22183 / 84 '''Rani Kamalapati–Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[West Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}} and {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} in India.<br /> <br /> It operates as train number 22183 from Rani Kamalapati to Indore Junction and as train number 22184 in the reverse direction, serving the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<br /> <br /> ==Coaches==<br /> <br /> The 22183 / 84 Rani Kamalapati–Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express on introduction had 11 AC Chair Car coaches but owing to poor response presently has only 3 AC Chair Car coaches. It does not have a [[pantry car]].<br /> <br /> As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br /> <br /> ==Service==<br /> <br /> 22183 Rani Kamalapati–Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express covers the distance of 224&amp;nbsp;kilometres in 3&amp;nbsp;hours 35&amp;nbsp;mins (62.51&amp;nbsp;km/h) and in 4&amp;nbsp;hours 00&amp;nbsp;mins as 22184 Indore Junction–Rani Kamalapati AC Double Decker Express (56.00&amp;nbsp;km/h).<br /> <br /> As the average speed of the train is above 55&amp;nbsp;km/h, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.<br /> <br /> ==Routeing==<br /> <br /> The 22183 / 84 Rani Kamalapati–Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express runs from Rani Kamalapati via [[Bhopal Bairagarh railway station|Bairgarh]], [[Maksi]], {{stnlnk|Dewas Junction}} to Indore Junction.<br /> <br /> ==Traction==<br /> <br /> As the route is fully electrified, it is powered by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tuglakabad]]-based [[WAP-7]] for its entire run [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFobAI7V1HU].<br /> <br /> ==Timings==<br /> <br /> *22183 Rani Kamalapati–Indore Junction AC Double Decker Express leaves Rani Kamalapati on a daily basis at 06:00&amp;nbsp;hrs IST and reaches Indore Junction at 09:35&amp;nbsp;hrs IST the same day.<br /> *22184 Indore Junction–Rani Kamalapati AC Double Decker Express leaves Indore Junction on a daily basis at 19:20&amp;nbsp;hrs IST and reaches Rani Kamalapati at 23:20&amp;nbsp;hrs IST the same day.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indore-bhopal-double-decker-runs-with-only-8-passengers-1915681|title=Indore–Bhopal Double Decker runs with only 8 passengers|work=DNA India|access-date=2014-04-28}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/Bhopal-Indore-double-decker-may-lose-superfast-status/articleshow/28377681.cms|title=Bhopal–Indore double decker may lose superfast status|work=The Times of India|access-date=2014-04-28}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwD2WU_kM8Q|title=YouTube - HISTORIC DAY FOR BHOPAL ! HABIBGANJ INDORE DOUBLE DECKER INAUGURATED 27 Sep 2013|via=YouTube|access-date=2014-04-28}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?news=Habibganj-Indore-double-decker-train-flagged-off-India-Sector&amp;nid=tB/+kQSbrzzfJYjOk1unvQ==|title=Construction World – Habibganj-Indore double decker train flagged off|work=constructionworld.in|access-date=2014-04-28}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/Double-decker-A-double-whammy-for-women-passengers/articleshow/32765104.cms|title=Double-decker: A double whammy for women passengers|work=The Times of India|access-date=2014-04-28}}<br /> *http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Indore-Bhopal-double-decker-to-go-off-tracks-on-Aug-13/articleshow/39860501.cms<br /> *http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indore-bhopal-double-decker-runs-with-only-8-passengers-1915681<br /> *http://thehitavada.com/news-details/double-decker-train-to-continue-plying-between-habibganj-and-indore {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120435/http://thehitavada.com/news-details/double-decker-train-to-continue-plying-between-habibganj-and-indore |date=26 August 2014 }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in|title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry|publisher=indianrail.gov.in|access-date=2014-04-05}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=irctc.co.in|access-date=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=&amp;#91;IRFCA&amp;#93; Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2014-04-05}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Western India}}<br /> {{Western Railway}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rani Kamalapati-Indore AC Double Decker Express}}<br /> [[Category:Transport in Bhopal]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Indore]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Double-decker trains of India]]<br /> [[Category:Defunct trains in India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services discontinued in 2015]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prithvi_Vallabh_(TV_series)&diff=526830 2025-11-25T07:08:42Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: put up initial post basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian historical television series}}<br /> {{about|2018 Indian TV series|other uses|Prithvi Vallabh (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Prithvi Vallabh 2018 TV series Title Card.jpg<br /> | caption = &lt;!--Please don't use captions for obvious title cards.--&gt;<br /> | genre = [[historical drama]]<br /> | creator =<br /> | based_on = ''[[Prithivivallabh (novel)|Prithivivallabh]]'' by [[Kanaiyalal Munshi]]&lt;ref name=a/&gt;<br /> | writer = Anirudh Pathak &lt;br&gt; Manoj Sinha &lt;br&gt; Ashutosh Kumar &lt;br&gt; Sweta Mishra<br /> | director = Maqbool Khan and Animesh Verma<br /> | starring = [[Ashish Sharma]] &lt;br&gt; [[Sonarika Bhadoria]] &lt;br&gt;[[#Cast|see below]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 45<br /> | producer = Anirudh Pathak<br /> | cinematography = Arvind Singh<br /> | company = Writer's Galaxy<br /> | network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|1|20}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2018|6|17|df=y}} <br /> }}<br /> '''''Prithvi Vallabh – Itihaas Bhi, Rahasya Bhi''''' ({{Translation|''Prithvi Vallabh – History Too, Mystery Too''}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Hindi]] historical television series that aired on the weekends on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/get-a-sneak-peek-into-prithvi-vallabh/articleshow/60349226.cms|title=Get a sneak peek into 'Prithvi Vallabh'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/prithvi-vallabh-to-porus-these-magnum-opus-historical-shows-promise-to-change-the-face-of-indian-tv-lifetv-1039170-2017-09-06|title=Prithvi Vallabh to Porus: These magnum opus historical shows promise to change the face of Indian TV|date=6 September 2017 |access-date=6 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The show is produced by Aniruddh Pathak and the production company Writer's Galaxy. Based on historical kings of [[Middle kingdoms of India]], the story takes inspiration from ''[[Prithivivallabh (novel)|Prithivivallabh]]'', a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] historical fiction by [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi]]. The show is the first production of [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]'s sub-branch, SET Originals. It premiered on 20 January 2018.&lt;ref name=a&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/prithvi-vallabh-is-20-history-80-mystery-anirudh-pathak-180111|title=Prithvi Vallabh' is 20% history, 80% mystery: Anirudh Pathak|date=11 January 2018|accessdate=11 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The show follows the stories of the prince of [[Malwa]], [[Vakpati Munja|Prithvi Vallabh]] and the princess of [[Manyakhet]], Mrinalvati and how their never-supposed-to-be love story unfolds.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Mrinalvati (Mrinal) is the Princess of the [[Manyakhet]] Kingdom and her younger brother [[Tailapa II|Tailap]] is the King of Manyakhet, who are advised by Guru Vinayaditya. Due to the treachery of King [[Siyaka|Singhdant]] of the [[Malwa]] Kingdom, which killed the entire royal family except Mrinal and Tailap, Mrinal has dedicated her life to getting revenge against Singhdant. She sends some African mercenaries to attack Malwa, but they are stopped by [[Vakpati Munja|Prithvi Vallabh]] ([[Vakpati Munja|Munj]]), the adopted son of Singhdant and the Yuvraj of Malwa.<br /> <br /> After a successful alliance with the King of Devgiri, [[Bhillama II|Bhilam]], Mrinal decides to secretly attack Malwa with foreign explosives and also kill Singhdant during the anticipated Rang-Utsav of Malwa. There she meets Prithvi, who immediately falls in love with her and uses him to get to Singhdant. Their plan is successful, but she is not able to kill Singhdant. Prithvi follows Mrinal and throws his sword at her, but she escapes. There is huge loss of life and property in Malwa and because of this, Prithvi is banished from the Kingdom.<br /> <br /> He goes to the place where Singhdant had found him in order to know the truth about his birth. An old lady informs Prithvi that she had found him in the forest and when she shouted whose child that was, the legendary Gajakesari appeared. Meanwhile, Tailap is in love with a [[courtesan]] named Kosha, because of which, his wife, the Queen of Manyakhet, Jakkala gets very jealous. Mrinal fixes the marriage of Bhilam-Raj's daughter, Vilas with Tailap's son, Prince [[Satyashraya|Satyashray]].<br /> <br /> Mrinal asks Tailap to attack Malwa as it is in a weak state. In the battle, the son of Singhant, Yuvraj [[Sindhuraja|Sindhuraj]] is about to lose against Tailap, but the Commander of Malwa, Kallari, and Prithvi come to his aid. Malwa wins the battle. War prisoner Tailap is released by Prithvi, whom Singhdant has made the new King of Malwa. Mrinal is unable to bear this humiliation and goes to Africa and hires a very strong army including giants. Meanwhile, Prithvi invites Sindhu's son, Prince [[Bhoja|Bhoj]] back from his Gurukul in order to participate in the next battle.<br /> <br /> The battle starts as Mrinal refuses to accept peace. Prithvi and his men are successful in killing all the giants and major part of Manyakhet's army during the night. The next day, Prithvi and Mrinal engage in a duel in which Prithvi beats Mrinal and takes her as Malwa's hostage. In Malwa, Mrinal again tries to kill Singhdant, but is unsuccessful. Mahakay and Sindhu, along with Mulraj, plot to have Mrinal kidnapped when she would be taken to the prison. Prithvi decides to do something in order to change Mrinal's heart. Thus, he kidnaps her with the assistance of Daku Dharti Singh.<br /> <br /> During the kidnapping, Prithvi cuts Mulraj's hand. News reach Mahakay and he asks Mulraj to kill Mrinal and put the blame on Prithvi, but Mrinal and Prithvi both escape. They again meet that old lady who gives them shelter in the forest where Prithvi saves Mrinal from a snake. By looking at his bravery and kindness, Mrinal falls in love with Prithvi. Prithvi believing Mrinal, takes her to princess Amrusha and thereafter a new friendship between Amrusha and Mrinal begins. Leaving Mrinal to Amrusha, Prithvi sets out to Malwa to convey the good news to his father. On his way, he learns that Kalari had been captured and sets out to free him. Mrinal, on the other hand, reveals to Sulochana that it was all her plan to kill Singhdant by trapping Prithvi. Meanwhile, Sindhu, led astray by Mahakay, decides to invite Mrinal to Malwa in Prithvi's absence and succeeds in his mission. The same night, he kills Singhdant and blames Mrinal for the same. Rajmata Vatra, believing the same, orders to arrest both Prithvi and Mrinal, after which both are imprisoned. During the funeral for Singhdant, Sindhuraj is made the next king of Malwa after which he insults Mrinal and sentences her to death.<br /> <br /> When Sindhu is about to light the funeral pyre, Rajmata asks him to stop and asks Prithvi to do the same. Later she reveals the actual truth of Singhdant's murder, shocking everyone. Prithvi gets his post back and saves Mrinal from execution and takes her to Malwa as she falls unconscious. Tailap, on the other hand, knowing about his sister's state sets out to free her with the help of the neighbouring kingdoms. Later, Prithvi forgives Sindhu and refuses to punish him for his crime. Tailap reaches Malwa where he is welcomed by Prithvi to his surprise with the proposal of peace and friendship and takes him to Mrinal. She wakes up recalling the insult to her and refuses to accept Prithvi's proposal of peace and, in anger, slaps Prithvi. As she is about to leave, Amrusha intervenes and try to persuade Mrinal, but in vain. Meanwhile, Prince Satyashraya returns from his Gurukul and is introduced to his would-be wife Vilas, after which he tortures her emotionally.<br /> <br /> Back at Malwa, Sindhu tries to kill himself, but is saved by Prithvi after which everyone forgives him. Mrinal, on the other undergoes emotional trauma thinking about Sindhu's insulting words, but is comforted by Guru Aditya. After this, Prithvi goes to meet Van Amma to learn the secret of his birth and identity who advises him to go to Mrinal to know the truth of Gajakesari. Everyone refuses to let Prithvi go to Manyaket, but he is stubborn and so left with no other option, Rajmata tells that she would let Prithvi go if Kalari gives permission. Kalari challenges Prithvi to a duel if he wants his permission. Satyashraya tortures Vilas again, but this time is caught by Sulochana who promises Vilas that she would not reveal the truth to Mrinal until she wishes to. The very next day, he tries to misbehave with Vilas for which he is brutally punished by Mrinal and is made to apologise to Vilas and her family. Prithvi defeats Kalari in the duel and sets off to Manyakhet and is accompanied by Bhoj and Rasiniti. Back in Manyakhet, Vikramjeet, the brother of Bhilam Raj, makes his entry. Prithvi, on reaching Manyakhet, proposes marriage to Mrinal, shocking everyone and is insulted by Mrinal again. After this incident, Prithvi stays in Manyaket. It is then that Bhoj meets Vilas, who had actually come to meet Prithvi, and is instantly drawn to her. That very day, Mrinal comes to meet Prithvi in his tent and puts forward the condition of beheading his family members in exchange for her marriage with him. Prithvi, undeterred by her words, asks her permission to stay until Diwali to which she agrees and also invites him for dinner at the palace.<br /> <br /> On the night of royal dinner Satyashray poisons food which affects Bhoj, but saved by Sulochana's timely intervention. Manyakhet asks for forgiveness from Prithvi and Mrinal asks what she can do to restore trust, for which Prithvi asks permission to build a statue. Meanwhile Vilas comes to see Bhoj with Jakkala and Laxmi. They develop close friendship. Prithvi sends Rasnidhi and Bhoj back because he don't want them to get harmed further.<br /> <br /> On the eve of Diwali the statue is unveiled in front of public, which shows Mrinal and Prithvi together. This offends Mrinal to warrant Prithvi's arrest, later in court furious King Tailabh awards death sentence to Prithvi. <br /> Meanwhile Kosha is pregnant from Tailabh and is on the run with Mosi for her life. She hides in Prithvi's camp and eventually Prithvi finds out. He gives her a separate guest tent to live comfortably, and inspires her to ask for her rights. Kosha breaks into royal court and is given place to stay in palace as she is pregnant on Mrinal's order. This does not sit well with Jakkala and Satyashray and their resentment and hatred for Mrinal deepens.<br /> <br /> Before executing Prithvi publicly, Tailabh asks for his last wish to which Prithvi replies he wants to be dead by Mrinal's hands. According to which next day Mrinal goes forward to put rope around his neck, but realises that this might be last she will see of Prithvi. Seeing her in emotional turmoil, Prithvi unconsciously pulls her and kisses her. Emotional Mrinal kisses back for split second but soon realises the situation and stabs him with Sulochana's sword.<br /> <br /> The kiss sprouts all kinds of reaction in Manyakhet's ordinary people since all witnessed what happened. On one hand who wanted to see Prithvi and Mrinal together (Sulochana and Vilas) are upset seeing Mrinal's state of shock and anger. Vikramjeet takes advantage of this and manipulates Tailabh into berefting Mrinal of all the important Political and Social posts. Slowly he gains hold of Mrinal's Post by helping to win the war against Chola kingdom.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile after getting stabbed Prithvi falls down and before anyone could react, he is saved by HimRaj. It is revealed that HimRaj is Organiser of GajKesari sect and is here to save Prithvi because it's their responsibility to look after wellbeing of GajKesari of that time. He warns Guru Vinayaditya, Tailabh and Mrinal that killing GajKesari will bring curse upon Manyakhet kingdom.<br /> <br /> Slowly Prithvi is brought back to life and left to heal as he is still unconscious. Slowly Prithvi gets his conscience back and Mrinal begins to torture him with new tricks every time without killing him. She is furious with Prithvi's action and empties all of her hatred over him. Prithvi accepte this without saying a word. For final blow she puts him into Bazar crossroads and provoke people to stone him as he is the son of King Singhdant of Malwa who killed her King Father and Queen mother. Mrinal is shunned by everyone who she holds dear and near slowly making her realise that hating Prithvi is no use when her own people don't respect her. Queen Jakkala brings forth the final nail calling her state is worse than Kosha the prostitute. This hurts Mrinal to the core, and she decides to leave the Kingdom forever.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile Bhoj comes to find out about Prithvi in garb of common man and bumps into Vilas. Vilas is happy to see him, promises to help him. After knowing about Mrinal's decision with help of Bhoj's advice she calls Guru Vinayaditya to stop her from leaving as she listens to only him. This further makes Jakkala resent Mrinal more and Satyashray and Vikramjeet to plot Prithvi's murder by poisoning his medicines.<br /> <br /> Guru Vinayaditya visits Prithvi's chamber and Prithvi is given idea of what his actions did to Mrinal. He is deeply saddened as this wasn't his motive at all. He asks forgiveness of Mrinal and is told by her that a Woman's Pride is not so much delicate thing that could be broken by mere touch of a man. Her reply makes him admire her more and when he is put into Bazzar tells people it was his fault alone, not Mrinal's, unknown that Mrinal is listening to him.<br /> <br /> Vilas hears Vikramjeet and Satyashray plotting and rushes to tell Mrinal but is stabbed by Vikramjeet- her own uncle. Still she manages to reach Mrinal and tells her to stop Killing of Prithvi as he is the only one who loves her. Seeing Vilas into pain and suffering and still caring for her Mrinal blurts out that she also loves Prithvi and she won't let anything happen to him or Vials, both. Leaving her into care of Sulochana's associates she runs for his chamber only to find HimRaj and Guru Vinayaditya already there. HimRaj calls out Vikramjeet and all other kings of whole India for their small mindsets and tells about GajKesari's Legend.<br /> <br /> It is revealed that GajKesari is <br /> Living Legend who births as human to save whole Bharat (Indian subcontinent) from outer evil forces with help of all the king's of India. Also, Mrinal's father, King Shivdutt, was GajKesari of his time. The war that GajKesari wins is to protect the Golden Sparrow which keeps the whole Indian Subcontinent spiritually and economically empowered.<br /> The enemy is Subukabdin Gajhni who wants that sparrow for himself and was defeated by King Shivdutt 30 years ago. Legend also tells that Sparrow has to be saved by GajKesari as only he has those special powers and will be left vulnerable after war and completion of his task. Which is why Singhdant took opportunity to kill him, and later changed his way to peace in wake of repentance.<br /> <br /> Eventually All kings are called into Manyakhet and decide to meet with their respective forces into Vindhya mountain range for Grand Battle. Mrinal is chosen by Prithvi as Chief Commander of whole Indian collective army, HimRaj supporting this as she is daughter of former GajKesari. This upsets Vikramjeet and few King's male ego.<br /> Later in Malwa's camp, Mrinal confess to Prithvi and asks for forgiveness. He is happy to have her with him. Prithvi leaves for malva and Mrinal prepares to leave for Vindhya with her army. Meanwhile Vikramjeet plots with Tailabh to attack Malwa behind Prithvi's back so they can bring it down once for all. While Prithvi and Mrinal are battling in Kabul they attack on Malva and Kallari is badly injured. Tailabh and Vikramjeet runs like cowards back to Manyakhet. Kallari wants to see Prithvi before death, and Vazda sends Bhoj to Prithvi with urgent call.<br /> While Manyakhet attacks Maalva, Mrinal meets Prithvi and both leave with whole army to Kabul. Kabul's King Jaypal asks his son to find GajKesari and bring him into Kabul. He finds them in midway to Kabul and tells them that Subukabdin Gajhni has laid siege to Kabul Palace. Only plus point is Subuk's two sons wants throne for themselves. Prithvi has to leave for Kabul with few choice warriors as there is Blizzard making their progress slow. Asking Guru Vinayaditya to bring whole army later he goes further to inspect to what can be done to win the war.<br /> <br /> Once reaching the Gajhni camp, they infiltrate the camp, but Mrinal is captured; day is saved as she pretends to local liquor supplier. Gajhni wants her for himself and takes her to his tent. To save Mrinal, Prithvi kidnaps one of Gajhni's son and reaches to palace through secret tunnel. The news breakout and search begins to find Ismael. Eventually with different twist and turns Mrinal is rescued and brought back to palace. There, Prithvi shows her the Golden Sparrow and puts it back into ground with all of his powers. Once done, he is left weak, and brought back to their camp, as army has reached. <br /> Once in camp, Kings bribed by Vikram try to kill Prithvi in sleep but are slaughtered by Mrinal. Eventually, Gajhni is killed, and Mahmood goes back his land, never to return.<br /> Bhoj reaches to Kabul just as Prithvi is about to leave for Malva, and is told what happened after he left for Kabool.<br /> Once reaching, he meets Kallari and Kallari dies into his arms. In Manyakhet, Mrinal confronts Tailap about invasion on Malva but has to keep quiet in front of Vikramjeet's logics as she and Prithvi are not yet out into open.<br /> <br /> Prithvi comes to Manyakhet, to complete wishes of his both late father's, King Singhdant and Guru Kallari to finish enmity between two kingdoms, forever. Vikramjeet provokes him but Prithvi shows his real face to royal family and puts forth marriage proposal for Mrinal to end the war. Satyashray wants to continue the war, Tailap is as usual indecisive but Queen Jakkala opposes this war mindset. Agreeing with Jakkala, Mrinal asks Prithvi if he would marry her. Prithvi replies by filling her hair parting (maang) with vermillon (sindoor).<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> <br /> * [[Ashish Sharma]] as [[Vakpati Munja|Prithvi Vallabh (Vakpati Munjraj)]] / Dhaku Dharti Singh / Gajj Kesari / Munj, King of [[Malwa]]<br /> * [[Sonarika Bhadoria]] as Warrior Princess Mrinalvati (Mrinal), King Tailap's Elder Sister, the greatest Warrior of [[Manyakhet]], legendary Regent of Manyakhet <br /> * [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Sena Adhyaksh Kallari, Chief of Malwa's Army, King Prithvi's teacher, mentor and his godfather<br /> * [[Sheezan Khan]] as [[Raja Bhoj|Yuvraj Bhoj]], Crown Prince of Malwa, King Prithvi's beloved Nephew, Son of Prince Sindhuraja<br /> * [[Ashnoor Kaur]] as Rajkumari Vilasvati (Vilas)-Princess of [[Devgiri]].<br /> * [[Seema Biswas]] as Vandevi, Mentor and Mother-like Friend of King Prithvi, Tribal Lady who first found Prithvi in the forest, identified him as Gajj Kesari, prophesied his greatness and handed his responsibility to King Singhdant and Kallari<br /> * [[Sunil Kumar Palwal]] as [[Sindhuraja|Sindhuraj]], Prince of Malwa, King Prithvi's younger brother, Crown Prince Bhoj's father<br /> * [[Shalini Kapoor (actress)|Shalini Kapoor]] as Rajmata Vazda, Mother of King Prithvi Vallabh, Malwa's Queen Mother<br /> * [[Pawan Chopra]] as [[Siyaka|Raja Singhdant]], King Prithvi and Prince Sindhuraja's father, former King of Malwa <br /> * [[Ankush Bali]] as Rasnidhi, Court Poet of Malwa, Close Friend of King Prithvi<br /> * [[Alefia Kapadia]] as Princess Savitri, Prince Sindhuraj's wife, Mother of Crown Prince Bhoj<br /> * [[Jitin Gulati]] as [[Tailapa II|Tailapraj]], King of Manyakhet, Princess Mrinalvati's younger brother<br /> * [[Swati Rajput]] as Sulochana, one of the greatest warriors in the history of Manyakhet, Chief of Princess Mrinal's personal Army and Spies, closest and most trusted ally of Princess Mrinal<br /> * [[Surendra Pal]] as Guru Vinayaditya, Princess Mrinal and King Tailap's Mentor and Foster Father<br /> * [[Piyali Munshi]] as Maharani Jakkala, Queen of Manyakhet, Mother of Crown Prince Satyashraya, Sister of Queen Lakshmi of Devgiri<br /> * [[Divyangana Jain]] as Kosha, King Tailap's Mistress<br /> * [[Yunus Khan]] as Rajkumar [[Satyashraya]], Crown Prince of Manyakhet<br /> * [[Vizin sharma]] as Bilal Friend of satyashraya<br /> * [[Shweta Dadhich]] as Mausi, Kosha's Aunt and Foster Mother<br /> * [[Narendra Jha]] as Deceased King of Manyakhet, Father of Princess Mrinal and King Tailap (Cameo)<br /> * [[Gurdeep Kohli]] as Ujjwala, Deceased Queen of Manyakhet, Princess Mrinal and King Tailap's Mother (Cameo)<br /> * [[Ishita Ganguly]] as Rajkumari Amrusha, Princess of [[Ujjain]], King Prithvi's childhood best friend.<br /> * [[Geetanjali Mishra]] as Rani Lakshmi-Queen of Devgiri, younger Sister of Manyakhet's Queen Jakkala.<br /> * [[Yashodhan Rana]] as Him Raj.<br /> * [[Ankit Arora]] as Vikramjeet-Brother of Devgiri's King, Prime Minister of Manyakhet.<br /> * [[Puja Banerjee]] as Vikramjeet’s wife.<br /> * [[Kiran Kumar]] as Sultan [[Sabuktigin]] of Ghazni<br /> * [[Tushar Chawla]] as [[Ismail of Ghazni]]<br /> * [[Rakshit Pant]] as [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]<br /> <br /> ==International broadcast==<br /> In Sri Lanka, it airs on [[TV Derana]], dubbed into [[Sinhalese language|Sinhala]] and titled as ''Pruthivi Maharaja''. It is dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and titled as ''Kadhal Mannan Prithvi'' and it airs on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Life]] from 5 August 2019. It was broadcast in thailand on [[Channel 8 (Thailand)]], Myanmar on [[5Plus]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * ''[http://www.sonyliv.com/details/show/5714194936001/Prithvi-Vallabh Prithvi Vallabh]'' at [[Sony Liv]]<br /> {{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Television series set in Ancient India]]<br /> [[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Karnataka]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manigramam,_Tamil_Nadu&diff=470641 2025-11-03T16:51:07Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: minor adjusted page after review and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Manigramam<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = ta Maninagar<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = left<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|11|09|27|N|79|48|50|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = Mayiladuthurai<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 609114<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 04364<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = Mayiladuthurai, Sirkazhi<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = Mayiladuthurai<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = Poompuhar<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Manigramam''' is a village in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] in the southern [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com/#?lat=11.1645300&amp;lon=79.8168300&amp;z=4&amp;plat=28.7065000&amp;plon=76.8207100&amp;pz=4&amp;addr=Manigramam |title=Yahoo Maps India : Manigramam, Mayiladuthurai |accessdate=2009-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archivedate=2008-12-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located 25&amp;nbsp;km from [[Mayiladuthurai]] (Mayuram), 18&amp;nbsp;km from [[Sirkali]], 5&amp;nbsp;km from [[Poompuhar]], 2&amp;nbsp;km from Thiruvengadu. Famous Thirumani Azhagar temple is located in this village. Other than this, Mariyamman temple, Ayyanar Kovil with Madurai Veeran, Pirai Veeran temple, Mosque and Church decorate the village.<br /> <br /> Nearest railway station: Sirkazhi, Mayiladuthurai &lt;br/&gt;<br /> Nearest airport: Tiruchy<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Mayiladuthurai district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Mayiladuthurai-geo-stub}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mizo_cuisine&diff=469763 2025-11-02T09:07:40Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: basic fix content per sources and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Traditional cuisine of the Mizo people of India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Indian cuisine}}<br /> '''Mizo cuisine''' is the traditional cuisine of the [[Mizo people]] of [[Mizoram]], India. Mizos traditionally eat [[rice]] as their [[staple food]].<br /> <br /> == Overview == <br /> The cuisine of [[Mizoram]] shares characteristics to other regions of [[Northeast India]] and North India. Rice is the staple food of Mizoram, while Mizos love to add non-vegetarian ingredients in every dish. Fish, chicken, pork and beef are popular meats among Mizos. Dishes are cooked in any available oil. Meals tend to be blander with less oil and more vegetables. Most Mizos love eating boiled vegetables along with rice but the younger generation tends to like fried and spicy food; food from other cultures are also a popularity among many young Mizo. Rice is known as 'Chaw' and Curry as 'Hme', a popular dish is ''bai'', made from boiling vegetables (the ingredients tend to differ from household to household) with ''bekang'' (fermented soybeans similar to Japanese [[Nattō]]) or ''sa-um'', a fermented pork, and served with rice. ''Sawhchiar'' is another common dish, made of rice and cooked with beef, pork or chicken.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mizo-Cuisine-51701.htm |title=Mizo Cuisine in India |publisher=India9.com |date=7 June 2005 |access-date=7 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/mizoram/culture/food.html |title=Food in Mizoram |publisher=Mapsofindia.com |date=2013-06-28 |access-date=2013-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Dishes==<br /> The [[staple food]] of most of the Mizo people is rice, with meat and vegetables served on the side, ranging from the homely bai, a simple vegetable stew, non veg stew with sesame, garlic, onion and herbs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mizar |first1=Shilpa |title=Mizo by nature |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/Mizo-by-nature/article16273038.ece |website=The Hindu |date=30 June 2010 |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Side dishes===<br /> * Bai – combination of several herbs cooked with string beans and edible ferns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Where the Clouds Roll Along |url=https://m.rediff.com/travel/nov/20mizo1.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rep – smoked meat (fish, chicken, pork or beef) mixed with flavors of chilies, local herbs and fresh leafy greens<br /> * Chhum han – mixed steamed vegetables.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Arnab |title=5 Tasty Recipes from Mizoram |url=https://www.nelive.in/mizoram/food/5-tasty-recipes-mizoram |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Hmarcha rawt - tangy and spicy chilli chutney<br /> * [[Dal]]<br /> * Bekang - fermented soya beans similar to Japanese [[Nattō]]<br /> [[File:Mizo food.jpg|thumb|300px|Typical Mizo food including stable rice, bai, meat and hmarcha rawt]]<br /> ===Lunch===<br /> [[File:Mizo Lunch.jpg|thumb|300px|Typical Mizo lunch including chhangban, alu chop, atta and tea]]<br /> Lunch in a Mizo home differs from house to house. Food eaten in lunch can range from simple biscuits to even noodles and also sometimes &quot;chhangban&quot; (a snack prepared from finely ground sticky rice) which is usually accompanied by kurtai (jaggery) and tea. <br /> <br /> Some of the Items eaten during lunch are: <br /> * Sanpiau – Rice porridge mixed with meat, sauce and Mizo spices.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Choudhery |first1=Chandrakala |title=Mizo cuisine: A hit among food lovers |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/mizo-cuisine-a-hit-among-food-lovers/1082217 |website=Outlook India |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Chhangban – Sticky local rice bread.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mizo cuisine: A hit among food lovers |url=http://www.catchnews.com/life-society-news/mizo-cuisine-a-hit-among-food-lovers-66875.html |website=Catch news |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Artui chhipchhuan chow – Sunny-side-up fried egg with noodles<br /> * Alu chop<br /> * Sawhchiar<br /> <br /> === Fermented dishes ===<br /> <br /> * Bekang-um (fermented soybean)<br /> <br /> * Sa-um (fermented pork fat)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Thanzami |first=K. |title=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of Mizoram |date=2020 |work=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture |pages=435–457 |editor-last=Tamang |editor-first=Jyoti Prakash |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-1486-9_16 |access-date=2025-05-11 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-15-1486-9_16 |isbn=978-981-15-1486-9 |last2=Lalhlenmawia |first2=H.|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bungsut |first=Lalchhanhimi |title=Food Journeys: Stories from the Heart |publisher=[[Zubaan]] |year=2023 |isbn=9789390514427 |editor-last=Kikon |editor-first=Dolly |edition=1 |location=New Delhi |pages=211-224 |language=en |chapter=Lo leh choka: Conversations on Mizo Food |editor-last2=Rodrigues |editor-first2=Joel}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Chhi-um (fermented sesame seeds)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> * Ai-um (fermented crabs with crushed sesame seeds)<br /> <br /> * Aite-um (fermented whole crab)<br /> <br /> * Tam-um (fermented mustard leaves)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> * Tuai-um (fermented bamboo shoots) <br /> <br /> === Beverages ===<br /> {{main|Zu (beverage)}}<br /> * Zupui<br /> * Zufâng (sweet rice beer)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Tin-zu (strong undistilled rice beer)<br /> * Rakzu (strong distilled rice beer)<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Mizoram}}<br /> {{Cuisine of India}}<br /> {{cuisines}}<br /> [[Category:Indigenous cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cuisine by state or union territory]]<br /> [[Category:Cuisine of Northeast India]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Mizoram]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_155_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=520921 2025-10-29T18:29:33Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[National Highway 202 (India)]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R with history}}<br /> }}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehanga_Singh_Sidhu&diff=517283 2025-10-18T06:18:01Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: started the biography w/ infobox!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian high jumper (born 1922)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Mehanga Singh Sidhu<br /> | full_name = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | sport = Athletics<br /> | event = High jump<br /> | club = <br /> | collegeteam =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1922|8|15|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | height =<br /> | weight =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mehanga Singh Sidhu''' (born 15 August 1922) is an Indian [[Sport of athletics|athlete]]. He competed in the [[high jump|men's high jump]] at the [[Athletics at the 1951 Asian Games|1951 Asian Games]] and the [[Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics - Men's high jump|1952 Summer Olympics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SportsRef&quot;&gt;{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/mehnga-singh-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418115843/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/mehnga-singh-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Mehnga Singh Olympic Results |accessdate=27 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{sports links}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mehnga}}<br /> [[Category:1922 births]]<br /> [[Category:Possibly living people]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men high jumpers]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-athletics-bio-stub}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Civil_and_Military_Gazette&diff=540455 2025-10-12T22:08:31Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating New Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Newspaper published in India, 1872–1963}}<br /> {{Infobox newspaper<br /> | name = The Civil and Military Gazette<br /> | logo =<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = Daily newspaper<br /> | publisher = E.A. Smedley<br /> | founded = {{Start date|1872}}<br /> | language = English<br /> | ceased_publication = August 31, 1963<br /> | headquarters = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] (later Pakistan) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''The Civil and Military Gazette''''' was a daily English-language newspaper founded in 1872 in [[British India]]. It was published from [[Lahore]], [[Shimla|Simla]] and [[Karachi]], some times simultaneously, until its closure in 1963.&lt;ref name=asiamap&gt;[http://www.asiamap.ac.uk/newspapers/display.php?ID=15&amp;Query=indian&amp;Order=0&amp;pp=15&amp;View=0&amp;RecView=1 Asiamap: Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211241/http://www.asiamap.ac.uk/newspapers/display.php?ID=15&amp;Query=indian&amp;Order=0&amp;pp=15&amp;View=0&amp;RecView=1 |date=2016-03-03 }}, Retrieved September 10, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; The archives are owned by Lahore-based businessman Humayun Naseer Shaikh and have been digitized by Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy's Citizens Archive of Pakistan.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{Infobox newspaper<br /> | name = The Civil and Military Gazette &lt;br&gt;<br /> (Lahore)<br /> | logo =<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = Daily newspaper<br /> | editor = {{Unbulleted list|Stephen Wheeler (??–1886)|[[E. Kay Robinson]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> (1886–??)}}<br /> | associate_editor = [[Rudyard Kipling]] (1882–1887)<br /> | founded = {{Start date|1872}}<br /> | language = English<br /> | ceased_publication = September 13, 1963<br /> | headquarters = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] (later Pakistan) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox newspaper<br /> | name = The Civil and Military Gazette&lt;br&gt;<br /> (Simla)<br /> | logo =<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = Daily newspaper<br /> | founded = {{Start date|1872}}<br /> | language = English<br /> | ceased_publication = February 12, 1949<br /> | headquarters = [[Shimla|Simla]], [[British India]] (later India) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox newspaper<br /> | name = The Civil and Military Gazette &lt;br&gt;<br /> (Karachi)<br /> | logo =<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = Daily newspaper<br /> | founded = {{Start date|1949|02|03}}<br /> | language = English<br /> | ceased_publication = March 31, 1953<br /> | headquarters = [[Karachi]], [[British India]] (later Pakistan) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''The Civil and Military Gazette'' was founded in [[Lahore]] and [[Shimla|Simla]] in 1872. It was a merger of ''[[The Mofussilite]]'' in [[Calcutta]], and the ''[[Lahore Chronicle]]'' and ''[[Indian Public Opinion and Panjab Times]]'' in Lahore.&lt;ref name=asiamap/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-pPLnk1RyHEC&amp;dq=Indian+Public+Opinion+and+Punjab+Times&amp;pg=PA26 Indian English through newspapers: By Asima Ranjan Parhi], Retrieved September 11, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Lahore and Simla editions of the paper continued to be published concurrently until 1949, when the Simla branch was closed.<br /> <br /> ''The Civil and Military Gazette'' began publishing in [[Karachi]] a week before its branch in Simla closed. However, the ''CMG'' in Karachi was very short-lived, the publication lasting a mere 4 years.<br /> <br /> During the ''CMG''{{'s}} publication in Lahore, Simla, and Karachi, the frequency of publication changed thrice as follows:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable &quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; |Date changed<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; |Until<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; |Frequency of Publication<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; |Branches affected<br /> |-<br /> | January 2, 1929<br /> | November 14, 1932<br /> | Daily (except Tuesday)<br /> | Lahore, Simla<br /> |-<br /> | November 15, 1932<br /> |December 27, 1932<br /> | Daily<br /> |Lahore, Simla<br /> |-<br /> | June 1, 1945<br /> | October 24, 1949<br /> | Daily (except Monday)<br /> |Lahore, Karachi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notable staff members==<br /> <br /> ===Rudyard Kipling===<br /> ''The Civil and Military Gazette'' was the workplace of renowned British author and poet, [[Rudyard Kipling]]. It was referred to by Kipling as his &quot;mistress and most true love.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kipling|first=Rudyard|year=1935|url=http://ghostwolf.dyndns.org/words/authors/K/KiplingRudyard/prose/SomethingOfMyself/index.html|title=Something of mysel|publisher=public domain|accessdate=September 6, 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223004314/http://ghostwolf.dyndns.org/words/authors/K/KiplingRudyard/prose/SomethingOfMyself/index.html|archivedate=February 23, 2014}}also: 1935/1990. Something of myself and other autobiographical writings. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-40584-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kipling was [[sub-editor|assistant editor]] of the ''CMG'', a job procured for him by his father, who was [[curator]] of the [[Lahore Museum]],&lt;ref name=vweb&gt;[http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/kipling/rkchron.html Vicyorianweb.Org: Rudyard Kipling Chronology], Retrieved September 11, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; when it was decided that he lacked the academic ability to get into [[Oxford University]] on a [[scholarship]].&lt;ref&gt;Carpenter, Henry and Mari Prichard. 1984. [[The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature]]. pp. 296–297. {{ISBN|0-19-860228-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When Kipling joined the staff at the Lahore ''CMG'' in 1882, the [[editor-in-chief]] was Stephen Wheeler. 1886 brought a change of editors at the newspaper. Kay Robinson, the new editor, allowed more creative freedom, and Kipling was asked to contribute short stories to the newspaper.&lt;ref&gt;Rutherford, Andrew (1987). Introduction to the Oxford World's Classics edition of &quot;Plain Tales from the Hills&quot;, by Rudyard Kipling. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-281652-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; His first collection of [[short stories]], ''[[Plain Tales from the Hills]]'', contained 28 stories that had initially found publication in the ''CMG''.&lt;ref&gt;Carpenter, H. and M. Prichard. 1984. The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature, Oxford University Press, Oxford, and New York. {{ISBN|0-19-860228-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rudyard Kipling eventually left ''The Civil and Military Gazette'' in 1887, to move to its sister-newspaper in [[Allahabad]], ''[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]''.&lt;ref name=vweb/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===CE Newham===<br /> CE Newham remained acting editor of the paper during 1928-1929. After that he remained editor during 1929-1930.<br /> <br /> ===Abdul Hamid Sheikh===<br /> The last editor of the ''CMG'' was Abdul Hamid Sheikh, who wrote Lahore Notes under 'HS' in ''The Pakistan Times'' after the ''CMG'' shut down.<br /> <br /> ===Mahbub Jamal Zahedi===<br /> [[Mahbub Jamal Zahedi]] joined ''The Civil and Military Gazette'' in 1963, at a time when its last branch, situated in Lahore, was about to cease publication. He served there for only a few months, before he moved to ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'' in Karachi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=68820 |title=MJ Zahedi no more |work=The Daily Star |date=December 26, 2008 |accessdate=September 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204184512/http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=68820 |archivedate=December 4, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{English-language newspapers in Pakistan}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Civil and Military gazette, The}}<br /> [[Category:Daily newspapers published in India]]<br /> [[Category:Newspapers established in 1872]]<br /> [[Category:English-language newspapers published in India]]<br /> [[Category:English-language newspapers published in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Publications disestablished in 1963]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media in Lahore]]<br /> [[Category:1872 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Daily newspapers published in Pakistan]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microgomphus_torquatus&diff=517564 2025-10-03T19:23:00Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: started first details w/ infobox!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of dragonfly}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = Microgomphus torquatus-Deccan Scissortail.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Male<br /> | status = DD<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Dow, R.A. |year=2009 |title=''Microgomphus torquatus'' |volume=2009 |article-number=e.T163584A5619149 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T163584A5619149.en |access-date=17 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | genus = Microgomphus<br /> | species = torquatus<br /> | authority = ([[Edmond de Sélys Longchamps|Selys]], 1854)<br /> | synonyms = {{Species list | ''Cyclogomphus torquatus'' | Selys, 1854}}<br /> | synonyms_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{Catalogue of Life|id=42X32|title=''Microgomphus torquatus''|access-date=10 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Microgomphus torquatus''''', the '''Deccan scissortail''' or '''collared pygmy clubtail''', is a [[dragonfly]] [[species]] in the ''[[Microgomphus]]'' genus of the [[Gomphidae]] family.&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist&quot;&gt;{{inaturalist taxon|105782|''Microgomphus torquatus''}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has been found in [[Maharashtra]].&lt;ref name=iucn/&gt; It is also found to occur in the [[Deccan]] part of [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> It is a small dragonfly with greenish blue eyes or brownish green eyes. Thorax is black, marked with yellow. Abdomen is black, marked with greenish white. Segments three to seven have greenish white narrow basal rings. It can be distinguished by the shape of anal appendages from other gomphids. A similar species to ''Microgomphus torquatus'' is ''[[Microgomphus souteri]]'', both of which are small in size. However, ''M. torquatus'' can be distinguished by the shape of cerci from '' M. souteri''.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Dattaprasad |last1=Sawant |first2=Rakesh M. |last2=Deulkar |first3=Srujan |last3=Ogale |first4=Hemant |last4=Ogale |title=Four new records of dragonflies (Insecta, Odonata) from Amboli region of Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India |journal=Entomon |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=99–106 |year=2023 |url=https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230156881 |doi=10.33307/entomon.v48i1.850|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Range==<br /> This species is native to India. It has its distribution from [[Gujarat]] to [[Karnataka]] and yet can be found in more southern parts of [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; And it is found to occur in [[West Bengal]] as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |first1=Subhajit |last1=Roy |first2=Aniruddha |last2=Singhamahapatra |first3=Amar Kumar |last3=Nayak |year=2022 |journal=Journal of Animal Diversity |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=121–151 |doi=10.52547/JAD.2022.4.2.8 |title=Observations of Odonata (Insecta) from heterogeneous patches of Bankura district with first report of Microgomphus torquatus (Selys, 1854) from West Bengal state of India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362519467|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Habitat==<br /> This dragonfly is found in rocks or boulders of rivers, streams, canals of Deccan Plateau.&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist&quot;/&gt;<br /> [[File:Microgomphus torquatus-male.jpg|thumb|Microgomphus torquatus, Pygmy collared clubtail from river bhadra.]]<br /> [[File:Microgomphus torquatus, male.jpg|thumb|Microgomphus torquatus, Pygmy collared clubtail from river bhadra.]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q2071149}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Gomphidae]]<br /> [[Category:Insects of India]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Edmond de Sélys Longchamps]]<br /> [[Category:Insects described in 1854]]<br /> <br /> {{Gomphidae-stub}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aghanashini_(village)&diff=484837 2025-09-12T21:27:15Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: adding the location needs work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Aghanashini<br /> | native_name =<br /> | native_name_lang = Kannada<br /> | other_name =<br /> | nickname =<br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = River Aghanashini.jpg<br /> | image_alt =<br /> | image_caption = Aghanashini River<br /> | pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt =<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|14.520|N|74.368|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Uttara Kannada]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date =<br /> | founder =<br /> | named_for =<br /> | parts_type =<br /> | parts =<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Kumta]]<br /> | government_type =<br /> | governing_body = Village Panchayat<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes =<br /> | area_rank =<br /> | area_total_km2 =<br /> | elevation_footnotes =<br /> | elevation_m =<br /> | population_total =<br /> | population_as_of = 2001<br /> | population_rank =<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym =<br /> | population_footnotes =<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code =<br /> | registration_plate =<br /> | website =<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''' Aghanashini ''' ({{Translation|One who destroys sins}}) is a small village situated on the southern banks of [[River Aghanashini]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Village/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx |title=Census of India : List of Villages Alphabetical Order &gt; Karnataka |work=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-18 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161209/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Village/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx |url-status=dead }} , Census Village code= 770400&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;yahoomaps&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com |title=Yahoo! maps India : |access-date=2009-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archive-date=2008-12-18 }} Aghanashini, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka&lt;/ref&gt; The river Aghanashini originates at 'Shankara Honda' in the [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]] city. It is one of the virgin rivers of the world. The water from this river flows unobstructed through the Western Ghats range and then joins the Arabian Sea.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===Rajamundroog===<br /> Rajamundroog was the name of a redoubt adjacent to Aghanashini.&lt;ref name=&quot;Balmer&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Balmer |first1=Nick |title=Sepoys and Griffins: Captain's Carpenter and his operations around Rajahmundroog, 1783 |url=http://sepoysgriffins.blogspot.com/2010/04/captains-carpenter-and-his-operations.html |website=Sepoys and Griffins |accessdate=20 September 2019 |date=10 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was a small square fort built of brown stone. At one point it was besieged by [[Hyder Ali]] and subsequently was taken by the [[East India Company]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Uttara Kannada]]<br /> * [[Districts of Karnataka]]<br /> * [[Mangalore]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{official website|http://Uttarakannada.nic.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{Settlements in Uttara Kannada district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Uttara Kannada district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{UttaraKannada-geo-stub}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_Credit_Programme&diff=501207 2025-07-27T16:21:07Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created new stub basic info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|21st century initiative in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br /> '''Green Credit Programme''' is a programme announced by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] of the [[Government of India]] in October 2023 as part of the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative proposed by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] at the [[Conference of the parties|Conference of the Parties]] to the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UNFCCC]] (COP27) held in [[Sharm El Sheikh|Sharm El-Sheikh]], [[Egypt]] in 2022.<br /> <br /> == Objective ==<br /> The Green Credit Programme was announced on 13 October 2023 as part of the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the conference of COP held in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.&lt;ref name=&quot;gc5&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Why experts aren't happy with Centre's Green Credit Program methodology |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2024/02/27/why-experts-arent-happy-with-centres-green-credit-program-methodology.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=The Week |date=27 February 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is claimed to be a market-based mechanism driven aim of providing incentives for participating in voluntary environmental actions across different sectors consisting of individuals, societies and industries and companies in private sector.&lt;ref name=&quot;gc1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Vanak |first1=Anuja Malhotra &amp; Abi Tamim |title=How green is the green credit programme? |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/green-credits-where-they-are-due/article67870309.ece |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=Frontline |date=24 February 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The scheme aims at promoting plantation on degraded wasteland and helps in generating green credits.&lt;ref name=&quot;gc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=What is the Green Credits scheme, which PM Modi mentioned at COP28 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/what-is-the-green-credits-scheme-which-pm-modi-mentioned-at-cop28-9050627/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=1 December 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Types of activities ==<br /> The Green Credit Programme covers eight types of activities &lt;ref name=&quot;gc6&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=India's Green Credit Programme, carbon credit initiative {{!}} What the draft says and who'll benefit |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-green-credit-programme-carbon-credit-initiative-draft-details-benefits-17060651.htm |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=CNBCTV18 |date=28 June 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1.Credit for Tree Plantation 2. Green Credit for Water 3.Green Credit for Sustainable Agriculture 4. Green Credit for Waste Management 5.Green Credit for reducing air pollution 6. Green Credit for Mangrove conservation and rotation 7.Green Credit for Eco Mark 8. Green Credit for Sustainable Building and Infrastructure.&lt;ref name=&quot;gc4&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Shishir |title=Govt launches Green Credit to incentivise eco-friendly actions |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/govt-launches-green-credit-to-incentivise-eco-friendly-actions/article67420282.ece |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=BusinessLine |date=14 October 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Procedure ==<br /> Green Credit Programme is designed to avail credit by online registration by the firm of its activities electronically and claim green credit.&lt;ref name=&quot;gc3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=How you can gain by planting trees under Green Credit plan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-you-can-gain-by-planting-trees-under-green-credit-plan/articleshow/108724869.cms |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=23 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Carbon offsets and credits]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Climate change in India]]<br /> [[Category:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]<br /> [[Category:Environmental policies approved in 2023]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dil_Dosti_Dilemma&diff=497069 2025-06-15T01:49:43Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created some details added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2024 Indian drama series by Debbie Rao}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Dil Dosti Dilemma poster.jpg<br /> | genre = Drama<br /> | caption = Release poster<br /> | director = Debbie Rao<br /> | producer = Jahanara Bhargava&lt;br&gt;Seema Mohapatra<br /> | writer = Manjiri Vijay Pupala&lt;br&gt;[[Anuraadha Tewari]]<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = {{Based on|''Asmara’s Summer''|''[[Andaleeb Wajid]]''}}<br /> | starring = [[Anushka Sen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shishir Sharma]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mahesh Thakur]]&lt;br&gt;[[Priyanshu Chatterjee]]<br /> | music = Sid Paul<br /> | cinematography = Deep Metkar<br /> | editor = Vaishak Ravi<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = <br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|4|25}}<br /> | last_aired = <br /> | studio = <br /> | company = <br /> | released = <br /> | network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> }}<br /> '''Dil Dosti Dilemma''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]] language [[romantic comedy]] drama television series for [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The series is directed by Debbie Rao and produced by Jahanara Bhargava and Seema Mohapatra. It stars [[Anushka Sen]], [[Shishir Sharma]], [[Mahesh Thakur]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] and others. The series premiered on 25 April 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dil-dosti-dilemma-prime-videos-young-adult-series-starring-anushka-sen-to-premiere-on-this-date/article68057143.ece|title='Dil Dosti Dilemma': Prime Video's young adult series starring Anushka Sen to premiere on this date|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Dil Dosti Dilemma, based on the book ''Asmara's Summer'' by Andaleeb Wajid, is the story of a young girl, Asmara, who has to move to her grandparents' home for the summer instead of traveling with her parents to Canada. Popular and witty in college, she doesn't want her friends to know her association with this tacky neighbourhood, and she lies to them that she's gone to Canada. Living for a month with her grandparents, though, making new friends, checking out the hot neighbour next door, and learning things about herself, makes Asmara undergo a journey of change.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Anushka Sen]] as Asmara<br /> * [[Shruti Seth]] as Arshiya: Asmara's mother<br /> * [[Khalid Siddiqui]] as Khalid: Asmara's father<br /> * [[Shishir Sharma]] as Asmara's Nana<br /> * [[Tanvi Azmi]] as Asmara's Naani<br /> * [[Revathi Pillai]] as Naina: Asmara's friend<br /> * Elisha Mayor as Tania: Asmara's friend<br /> * [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Rohan Kariappa: Naina's father<br /> * [[Akshit Sukhija]] as Armaan: Naina's beau<br /> * [[Mahesh Thakur]] as AB: Tania's father<br /> * Visakha Pandey as Rukhsana: Asmara's childhood friend<br /> * Kush Jotwani as Farzan: Asmara's love interest<br /> * Ritik Ghanshani as Suhail: Rukhsana's love interest<br /> * [[Suhasini Mulay]] as Akhtar Begum<br /> * Arjun Berry as Dhruv: Tania's office colleague<br /> * Nitya Beria as Nia<br /> * [[Shreya Shanker]] as Ariana<br /> * [[Farida Dadi]] as Ghazala Aapa<br /> * Kenny Panchal as Sharifa<br /> * [[Dilnaz Irani]] as Nandini<br /> * [[Sonal Jha]] as Afroz<br /> * Samvedna Suwalka as Mandira<br /> * [[Kanan Gill]] as Nasir Akhtar: Cameo Appearance<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of [[NDTV]] gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that &quot;It thrives on the simple and pertinent ideas that it espouses about the clash of tradition and modernity and the importance of balancing heritage with hasty models of urban redevelopment driven by greed.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal|title=Dil Dosti Dilemma Review: A Bubbly, Breezy And Occasionally Moving Coming-Of-Age Yarn|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dil-dosti-dilemma-review-a-bubbly-breezy-and-occasionally-moving-coming-of-age-yarn-3-stars-5519511|access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3/5 stars and said &quot;This young adult drama serves as a poignant exploration of the importance of cultural identity, familial bonds, and self-discovery.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Khurana |first=Archika |title=DIL DOSTI DILEMMA SEASON 1 REVIEW : ANUSHKA SEN IS THE HEART OF THIS TEEN DRAMA ABOUT FRIENDSHIPS AND FAMILY|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/dil-dosti-dilemma/dil-dosti-dilemma-season-1/seasonreview/109521242.cms |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Deepanjana Pal writes in the ''[[Film Companion]]'' that if you’re in the mood for an easy, breezy, undemanding binge that holds out the reward of a sweetly chaste love story, Dil Dosti Dilemma should be your weekend watch.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Pal |first=Deepanjana |title= Dil Dosti Dilemma Review: A Fluffy, Frothy Teenage Drama|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/dil-dosti-dilemma-review-a-fluffy-frothy-teenage-drama|access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[Film Companion]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Trisha Bhattacharya of ''[[India Today]]'' writes in her review that &quot;If you're craving some chill time and in need of a show that's personal, then look no further than Prime Video's freshest delight&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |title='Dil Dosti Dilemma' Review: Anushka Sen's teen drama is cliched and less fun|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/dil-dosti-dilemma-review-anushka-sens-teen-drama-is-less-fun-more-cliche-prime-video-series-debbie-rao-2531362-2024-04-25 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Udita Jhunjhunwala of the ''[[Scroll.in]]'' stated that &quot;Dil Dosti Dilemma is a low-cal, feel-good entertainer that gradually draws you in, just the way Asmara is drawn into Tibri Road.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |title='Dil Dosti Dilemma' review: A feelgood entertainer about young love and old ties|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1066841/dil-dosti-dilemma-review-a-feelgood-entertainer-about-young-love-and-old-ties|access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Vinamra Mathur of the [[Firstpost]] stated in his review that &quot;Dil Dosti Dilemma is both alarming and aspirational. It can be scary for any child who aspires to travel to Canada to land up at a place she has no desire to be at.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mathur|first=Vinamra |title=Amazon Prime Video IN's 'Dil Dosti Dilemma' review: Anushka Sen's show is a heartwarming take on how route can wait, root comes first|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amazon-prime-video-ins-dil-dosti-dilemma-review-anushka-sens-show-is-a-heartwarming-take-on-how-route-can-wait-root-comes-first-13763406.html|access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deepa Gahlot of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated 3/5 stars and observed &quot;''Dil Dosti Dilemma'' is a coming-of-age series without profanity, and that by itself breaks the current mould.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dil Dosti Dilemma Review: Sweet|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/dil-dosti-dilemma-review/20240425.htm|date=25 April 2024|website=Rediff}}{{rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * ''[[Happy Family: Conditions Apply]]''<br /> * ''[[Panchayat (TV series)|Panchayat]]''<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt31913505}}<br /> <br /> {{Amazon Video original series}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swachhta_Ke_Sur&diff=538807 2025-04-12T10:56:14Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox concert<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = ''Swachhta Ke Sur'' logo<br /> | location = [[Indore]], [[Bhopal]], [[Gwalior]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Ujjain]], India<br /> | producers = [[Rishiking]] (2020–present)&lt;br /&gt;Sadhana Pandey (2020–present)<br /> | date = 2020-present<br /> | website = {{url|swachhtakesur.com}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Swachhta ke sur'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://mpbreakingnews.in/Bhopal/Swachhata-Ke-Sura-to-be-played-in-the-bhopal-58511/|title=राजधानी में छिड़ेंगे स्वच्छता के सुर|date=10 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://dastaknews.com/ujjainnews.php?id=124193|title=स्वच्छता के सुर|date=11 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a musical program in which people are made aware of [[Swachh Bharat]] by conducting live musical concerts through [[Bollywood]] singers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dprmp.org/NewsDetail.aspx?newsid=790104&amp;disid=50|title=स्वच्छता के सुर कार्यक्रम 12 जनवरी को|date=11 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/ujjain/news/mp-news-sanitation-notes-will-echo-in-grand-hotel-today-094530-6373664.html|title=ग्रांड होटल में आज गूंजेंगे स्वच्छता के सुर|date=12 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The program started on 12 January 2020 from [[Ujjain]], Madhya Pradesh in which Bollywood singer [[Payal Dev]] and [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] gave a presentation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://dgnews.co.in/2020/01/11/live/|title=swachhta suvekshan 2020 swachta ke sur |date=11 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Through this program, auditioning new singers is also provided to them through a platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/mp-news-the-youth-of-the-capital-will-join-hands-with-playback-singer-shaan-will-also-perform-kadamtal-065026-6404851.html|title=शान के साथ सुर मिलाएंगे राजधानी के युवा|date=16 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; This concept was developed by Urban Administration and Development, Madhya Pradesh [[Commissioner]] [[Parikipandla Narahari|P Narahari IAS]]. The program is directed by [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] under the banner of Folk Culture &amp; Ree Musical.<br /> <br /> == Summary ==<br /> There are two stages of Swachhta Ke Sur, first is the state level singing competition and the second is to provide the stage to the winning competitions with the Bollywood singers in the cities. Young people participate in this show and are judged on the basis of their voice quality, singing talent and versatility in their performance. It started in Madhya Pradesh with the first season in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dgnews.co.in/2020/01/17/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8/|title=LIVE AUDITION: 18 जनवरी, स्मार्ट सिटी ऑफिस, गोविंदपुरा, भोपाल|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In first season [[Bollywood]] singer [[shaan (singer)|Shaan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://bansalnews.com/state/-bhopal-motilal-nehru-stadium-will-resonate-with-songs-of-shaans-cleanliness/403417-21.html|title=शान के स्वच्छता के गीतों से गूजेंगा मोतीलाल नेहरू स्टेडियम|date=10 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Javed Ali]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplessamachar.in/singers-will-perform-in-the-program-of-cleanliness|title=स्वच्छता के सुर कार्यक्रम में प्रस्तुति देंगे गायक|date=14 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://mpbreakingnews.in/gwalior/singer-javed-ali-proves-to-be-helpful-gwalior-ranks-third-in-ranking-for-the-first-time-58801/|title=सिंगर जावेद अली मददगार साबित, रैंकिंग में पहली बार ग्वालियर तीसरे पायदान पर|date=16 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Payal Dev]], [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] and [[Shankar Mahadevan]] were added. On 19 January 2020, Bhopal [[Madhya Pradesh Government]] Minister [[Public Relations]] [[P. C. Sharma]], old cabinet Minister [[Suresh Pachouri]], Urban Administration and Development, Madhya Pradesh [[Commissioner]] [[Parikipandla Narahari|P Narahari IAS]] and [[Bhopal Municipal Corporation]] Commissioner vijay dutta joined Singer Shaan's program and together they also honored the new talent winner Singer Mohammad Salman who came out of the audition for Swachhta Ke Sur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/mp-news-impossible-to-catch-don-but-possible-to-move-towards-cleanliness-065533-6433209.html|title=स्वच्छता की ओर बढ़ना मुमकिन|date=20 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-shaan-appeals-to-the-citizens-of-bhopal-to-make-the-city-number-one-in-cleanliness-mppm-mpsg-2786470.html|title=शान ने भोपालियों से की शहर को स्वच्छता में नंबर-1 बनाने की इस तरह अपील|date=20 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[File:Shaan &amp; Rishiking 16.jpg|thumb|Shaan &amp; Rishiking Live in Bhopal]]<br /> <br /> === Season 1 ===<br /> <br /> *[[Payal Dev]] &amp; [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] – 12 January 2020 [[Ujjain]]<br /> *[[Javed Ali]] &amp; [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] – 15 January 2020 [[Gwalior]]<br /> *[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] &amp; [[Rishiking]] – 19 January 2020 [[Bhopal]]<br /> *[[Javed Ali]] &amp; [[Rishiking]] – 26 January 2020 [[Indore]]<br /> *[[Dev Negi]] &amp; [[Rishiking]] – 2 February 2020 [[Jabalpur]]<br /> <br /> === Season 2 ===<br /> <br /> Swachhta ke sur Season 2 will start in January 2023 with Singer [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sid Sriram]], [[Javed Ali]], [[Payal Dev]], [[Mangli]] and Rapper [[Rishiking]] under [[Folk culture|Folk Culture India Association]] and Kingslord.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{facebook|swachhtakesur}}<br /> <br /> {{Music industry}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Concerts]]<br /> [[Category:Music festivals in India]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuddha_Kaandam&diff=546334 2025-04-04T14:16:34Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: Creating Pg!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2022 film by Anantharajan}}<br /> {{For|the upcoming Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon|Dhruva Natchathiram: Chapter One – Yuddha Kaandam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Yuddha Kaandam<br /> | image = Yuddha Kaandam.jpg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | director = Anantharajan<br /> | producer = Padmavathi&lt;br&gt;Aishwarya&lt;br&gt;Jayasree<br /> | writer = Bose Venkat (dialogues only)<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> *Sriram Karthik<br /> *Krisha Kurup<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Iniyan J. Harris<br /> | editing = <br /> | music = Hari Sai<br /> | released = {{Film date|2022|12}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | runtime = <br /> | budget = &lt;!-- Add with a Reliable source --&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!-- Add with a Reliable source --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Yuddha Kaandam''''' ({{translation| War zone}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller]] film directed by Anantharajan on his directorial debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yuddha Kaandam - Official Teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/yuddha-kaandam-official-teaser/videoshow/80251308.cms |access-date=2024-02-23 |newspaper=The Times of India | date=13 January 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars Sriram Karthik and Krisha Kurup in the main lead roles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-11-11 |title=Sriram and Krisha's next is a thriller made in a single shot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sriram-and-krishas-next-is-a-thriller-made-in-a-single-shot/articleshow/79173411.cms |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023170634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sriram-and-krishas-next-is-a-thriller-made-in-a-single-shot/articleshow/79173411.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was shot and set as a [[one-shot film]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-03 |title=Yuddha Kaandam, a Tamil film filmed in a single take |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2020/12/03/yuddha-kaandam-a-tamil-film-filmed-in-a-single-take |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=[[DT Next]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film revolves around incidents unfolding in a police station at night. The film had its theatrical release and opened to mostly negative reviews from critics owing to criticism related to poor writing and screenplay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; In December 2022, the film was officially selected as one of the 12 Tamil films in the competition category at the 20th [[Chennai International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=These 12 Tamil Films To Compete At Chennai International Film Festival 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/these-12-tamil-films-to-compete-at-chennai-international-film-festival-2022-6550897.html |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125082812/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/these-12-tamil-films-to-compete-at-chennai-international-film-festival-2022-6550897.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-12-16 |title=Iravin Nizhal and Kadaisi Vivasayi part of 100 films that will be screened at the Chennai International Film Festival |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/iravin-nizhal-and-kadaisi-vivasayi-part-of-100-films-that-will-be-screened-at-the-chennai-international-film-festival/articleshow/96272285.cms |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525203027/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/iravin-nizhal-and-kadaisi-vivasayi-part-of-100-films-that-will-be-screened-at-the-chennai-international-film-festival/articleshow/96272285.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Synopsis ==<br /> Ramalingam (Sriram Karthick) reaches the Valmiki Nagar police station with the intention of filing a complaint over the disappearance of his girlfriend Mithila (Krisha Kurup). Ramalingam's decision to register the police complaint at Valmiki Nagar police station seems to have backfired, as the police officer at the station is later known to be the chief mastermind in several harassment reports targeting women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=U |first=Saradha |date=2022-12-27 |title=Yuddha Kaandam review: The single-shot, cop drama is a letdown |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/yuddha-kaandam-review-single-shot-cop-drama-letdown-171334 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * Sriram Karthik as Ramalingam<br /> * Krisha Kurup as Mithila<br /> * [[Yog Japee]] as Inspector Langeswaran<br /> * [[Bose Venkat]] as Encounter Inspector Karna<br /> * Suresh Menon as Maarisan<br /> * V. K. R. Raghunath as Ram's father<br /> * Karna Raja as Police Writer<br /> * Chozhan Ramasamy as Shanmugam<br /> * Mahesh Sethupathi as Subramani<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in 2020 amid the outbreak of [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; The filmmakers decided to shoot the entire film in a single take and the shooting was proceeded during the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The filmmakers promoted the film as the &quot;first proper commercial single-shot film of India&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-05 |title=யுத்த காண்டம்: பிராப்பர் சிங்கிள் ஷாட் மூவி என அறிவித்தது ஏன்? - விளக்கும் படக்குழு |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/yudhdha-kaandam-movie-actor-sriram-karthick-shares-about-the-movie |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Ananda Vikatan |language=ta |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125082813/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/yudhdha-kaandam-movie-actor-sriram-karthick-shares-about-the-movie |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The filmmakers roped in around 25 actors and 100 technicians for the shooting of the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; As per the reports, most of the crew members were relatively new to the film industry, and the film was wrapped up after conducting 50 rehearsals with the crew members.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; The title for the film ''Yuddha Kaandam'' was inspired by the chapter ''Yuddha Kaanda'' in the popular Hindu Sanskrit epic ''[[Ramayana]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; The shooting was predominantly held in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> &lt;!--<br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> --&gt;<br /> [[Category:2022 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:One-shot films]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharati_Devi_Ranga&diff=490913 2025-01-30T11:48:51Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: adding first biography and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Bharati Devi Gogineni<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 1908<br /> | birth_place = [[Machavaram, Palnadu district|Machavaram]], [[Bapatla]] taluq, [[Guntur district]], India<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1972|9|27|1908}}<br /> | occupation = [[Freedom fighter]], politician<br /> | spouse = [[N. G. Ranga]]<br /> | known_for = [[Civil Disobedience Movement]], women's rights advocacy<br /> | alma_mater = [[Ruskin School of Art]], Oxford <br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]&lt;br&gt;[[Krishikar Lok Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[Swatantra Party]]<br /> | office = [[Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Bharati Devi Gogineni''', also known as '''Bharathi Devi''' and '''Bharati Devi Ranga''' (1908–1972), was an Indian freedom fighter and political figure. She participated in the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] in 1932, facing a year-long sentence. She is known for organizing women [[Satyagraha|Satyagrahis]] and Harijan Day Celebrations, advocating for [[Inter-caste marriages in India|inter-caste marriages]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DistinguishedAcquaintances&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=N. G. Ranga |author1-link=N. G. Ranga |title=Distinguished Acquaintances, Vol 1 |date=1976 |publisher=Desi Book Distributors |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8MBAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Bharati+Devi+Ranga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elected in 1958, she served as a Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]. She was the spouse of farmer leader [[N. G. Ranga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=B. Suguna |title=Women's Movement |date=2009 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=9788183564250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> She was born in 1908&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=Malladi Subbamma |author1-link=Malladi Subbamma |title=Women and Social Reform |date=1994 |publisher=Booklinks Corporation |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBEqAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=Bharati+Devi+Ranga+born+1908}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Machavaram, Palnadu district|Machavaram]], [[Bapatla]] taluq, [[Guntur district]]. She was a resident of [[Nidubrolu]]. Her early education took place at Sarada Niketan in [[Guntur]]. Later, she studied at the [[Ruskin School of Art]], [[Oxford]], from 1925 to 1926.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ranga&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DistinguishedAcquaintances&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> During the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] in 1932, she organized women [[Satyagraha|Satyagrahis]] in [[Guntur]], [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]], and [[Krishna district]], playing a prominent role in organizing women volunteers. She was sentenced to one year in prison and fined 500 rupees on 2 February 1931, for her involvement in the [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]]. She served her sentence in [[Vellore Central Prison|Vellore jail]] and was injured during the [[Venkatagiri]] Zamindari Ryots campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=M. A. Nayeem |author1-link=M. A. Nayeem |title=History of Modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Political and administrative aspects |date=2000 |publisher=Abul Kalam Azad Oriental Research Institute |page=221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjJuAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Bharati+Devi+Ranga}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bharati Devi organized [[Harijan]] Day celebrations, advocating inter-dining with [[Dalit]] and promoting inter-caste marriages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ranga&quot;/&gt; She served as the President of Andhra Kisaan Congress from 1940 to 1942. She also raised funds for the defense of Madras Kissans in 1940.{{citation needed|date= February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Bharati Devi was a member of the [[Madras State]] Educational Advisory Committee from 1946 to 1947.{{citation needed|date= February 2024}}<br /> <br /> In 1956, she presided over the Andhra Women's Conference at [[Ghantasala, Krishna district]], where she actively worked towards achieving equal property rights for women. During the Rayalaseema famine in 1952–53, she provided service by collecting cattle feeds, food grains, and clothes, distributing them in the affected areas, Due to her work, she was referred to as [[Annapurna (goddess)|Annapurna]] by the people.{{fact|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> She along with her husband [[N. G. Ranga]] founded the Rayalaseema Organisation of Summer Schools of Economics and Politics in 1938, situated in Madanapalle, with a focus on rural activities. They organized various events, including the Rayalaseema Ryots Conference, Rayalseema Economic Development Conference, Rayalaseema Forest Ryots Conference, Rayalaseema Teachers Conference, Rayalaseema Peasants Institute, Rayalaseema Students Conference, Rayalaseema Youth Conference, Rayalaseema Progressive Writers Conference, Rayalaseema Cotton Growers Conference, Rayalaseema Oil-Seeds Producers or Dealers Conference, Rayalaseema Famine Relief Conference, and Rayalaseema Irrigation Development Conference along with various other platforms for women, panchayat boards, and co-operative societies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Pagadala |first1=Tejaswini |title=India's Glocal Leader Chandrababu Naidu |date=2018 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=9789387146600 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BFBDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Bharati+Devi+Ranga&amp;pg=PT17}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1958, she was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Council]] from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She died on 27 September 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ranga&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bharati Devi Gogineni |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?2782 |publisher=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ranga, Bharati Devi}}<br /> [[Category:1908 births]]<br /> [[Category:1972 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br /> [[Category:People from Guntur district]]<br /> [[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu people]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tukamai&diff=473075 2024-10-09T10:10:54Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: update layout also and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian spiritual master}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{more footnotes|date=November 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu leader<br /> |name = Tukaram Chaitanya<br /> |image =<br /> |caption = Tukamai<br /> |religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> |birth_place = Sukali Veer, [[Hingoli District|Hingoli]] district, [[Maharashtra, India]] <br /> |guru = [[Swami Chinmayananda of umarkhed]]<br /> |disciples = [[Brahma Chaitanya|Brahmachaitanya]]<br /> |philosophy = [[Nath Panth]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Tukamai''' or Tukaram Chaitanya was an Indian mystic and spiritual master. He was born into a [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family to Kashinathpanta and Parvatibai at Sukali Veer, a village in present-day [[Hingoli district]], Maharashtra. He was a disciple of Swami Chinmayananda of Umarkhed.<br /> [[Brahma Chaitanya|Brahmachaitanya]], a 19th-century Indian saint and spiritual master was one of his prominent disciples.&lt;ref&gt;Shri Tukamai Charitra - Dr. D. D. Deshmukh&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Saint of Gondawale K. V. Belsare&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Hingoli district]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Green_women%27s_cricket_team&diff=503872 2023-12-20T06:49:59Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: made details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian women's cricket team}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket team<br /> | name = India Green<br /> | image = <br /> | colours =<br /> | captain = [[Mona Meshram]] (50 over) &lt;br&gt; [[Veda Krishnamurthy]] (20 over)<br /> | coach =<br /> | founded = 2008<br /> | ground = <br /> | capacity = <br /> | title1 = [[Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|WCT]]<br /> | title1wins = 1<br /> | title2 = [[Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|WT20CT]]<br /> | title2wins = 1<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> The '''India Green women's cricket team''', previously known as '''India B''' and '''India Under-19s''', are an Indian women's cricket team that compete in the [[Senior Women's Challenger Trophy]] and the [[Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy]]. The team has no geographical base, instead being made up of some of the best players from across [[India]]. Between the 2012–13 and 2016–17 seasons, the team functioned as an Under-19 team.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCT&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy: BCCI needs to fix format to get most out of women's cricket in India |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/womens-challenger-trophy-bcci-needs-to-fix-format-to-get-most-out-of-womens-cricket-in-india-3073412.html |work=First Post |access-date=6 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have won the 50 over Challenger Trophy and the T20 Challenger Trophy once apiece, in [[2008–09 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2008–09]] and [[2009–10 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|2009–10]], respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;CAprof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=India Green Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/11/11543/11543.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=6 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> India Green were first formed in 2008, as India B, to compete in the 50 over [[Senior Women's Challenger Trophy]], which involved three teams made up of the best players in India. In their [[2008–09 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|first season]], the side, captained by [[Amita Sharma]], won the competition, beating India A in the final by six wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2008/09 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/11/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2008-09.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India A Women v India B Women, 5 October 2008 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/188/188790.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The following season, the side was renamed India Green and competed in the [[2009–10 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy]], and again emerged triumphant, beating [[India Blue women's cricket team|India Blue]] in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Twenty20 Challenger Trophy 2009/10 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/12/Womens_Twenty20_Challenger_Trophy_2009-10.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Returning to the 50 over format in [[2010–11 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2010–11]], the side again reached the final but lost out this time to India Blue, by 7 wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2010/11 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2010-11.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India Blue Women v India Green Women, 12 December 2010 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/297/297919.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The following season, [[2011–12 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2011–12]], India Green finished bottom of the group with no victories.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2011/12 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/15/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2011-12.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ahead of the [[2012–13 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2012–13]] season, India Green were made into a side exclusively for Under-19 players, captained by Nidhi Torvi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCT&quot;/&gt; The side remained as an Under-19 side until the [[2016–17 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2016–17]], but were unsuccessful in this guise, losing every match during the period.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2012/13 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/18/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2012-13.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2013/14 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/20/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2013-14.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2015 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/23/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2015.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2016/17 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/29/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2016-17.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After returning to equal status with the other teams ahead of the [[2017–18 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2017–18]] season, captained by [[Anuja Patil]] and including [[India women's national cricket team|India]] played such as [[Punam Raut]] and [[Ekta Bisht]], the side topped the group of the Challenger Trophy before losing in the final to India Blue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2017/18 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/30/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2017-18.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2018–19 season saw the return of the [[2018–19 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|T20 competition]] alongside the [[2018–19 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|50 over competition]], with India Green finished bottom of the group in both competitions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Challenger Trophy 2018/19 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/32/Womens_Challenger_Trophy_2018-19.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women's Twenty20 Challenger Trophy 2018/19 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/32/Womens_Twenty20_Challenger_Trophy_2018-19.html |work=CricketArchive | access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019–20, the 50 over Challenger Trophy was cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[2019–20 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|T20 Challenger Trophy]] was competed with different teams.&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/covid-19-womens-domestic-cricket-takes-a-big-hit-as-fate-of-168-matches-remains-uncertain/articleshow/75166064.cms |title=COVID-19: Women's domestic cricket takes a big hit as fate of 168 matches remains uncertain |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Seasons==<br /> ===Senior Women's Challenger Trophy===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Season<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot; | League standings&lt;ref name=&quot;CAprof&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Final standing<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | P<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | W<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | L<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | T<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NRR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pts<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pos<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2008–09 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2008–09]]<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || +0.120 || 2 || 1st<br /> | style=&quot;background: gold;&quot; | Champions<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2010–11 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2010–11]]<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || –0.461 || 4 || 2nd<br /> | style=&quot;background: silver;&quot; | Lost final<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2011–12 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2011–12]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –0.980 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2012–13 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2012–13]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –1.033 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2013–14 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2013–14]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –1.190 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2015 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2015]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –1.149 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2016–17 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2016–17]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –0.460 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2017–18 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2017–18]]<br /> | 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || +0.737 || 8 || 1st<br /> | style=&quot;background: silver;&quot; | Lost final<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2018–19 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2018–19]]<br /> | 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || –0.534 || 0 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Season<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot; | League standings&lt;ref name=&quot;CAprof&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Final standing<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | P<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | W<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | L<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | T<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NRR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pts<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pos<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2009–10 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|2009–10]]<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || –0.079 || 4 || 2nd<br /> | style=&quot;background: gold;&quot; | Champions<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2018–19 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|2018–19]]<br /> | 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || –1.468 || 4 || 3rd<br /> | style=&quot;background: white;&quot; | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> * '''[[Senior Women's Challenger Trophy]]:'''<br /> ** '''Winners (1):''' [[2008–09 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy|2008–09]]<br /> * '''[[Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy]]:'''<br /> ** '''Winners (1):''' [[2009–10 Senior Women's T20 Challenger Trophy|2009–10]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Senior Women's Challenger Trophy}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:India Green women's cricket team}}<br /> [[Category:Senior Women's Challenger Trophy teams]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garhi_Thakur&diff=499962 2023-12-16T23:23:11Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created a details and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Garhi Thakur<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Tundla block Garhi Thakur.png<br /> | map_caption = Map showing Garhi Thakur in Tundla block<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.26655|N|78.29806|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 0.951<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 821<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = <br /> | demographics1_title1 = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 283203<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Garhi Thakur''' ({{IAST|Gaṛhī Ṭhākur}}) is a village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 821, in 119 households.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As of 2011, Garhi Thakur had a population of 821, in 119 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;{{rp|71}} This population was 54.4% male (447) and 45.6% female (374).&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 86 --&gt; The 0-6 age group numbered 122 (70 male and 52 female), making up 14.9% of the total population.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 86 --&gt; 349 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 42.5% of the total.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 87 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 B&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|86-7}}<br /> <br /> The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Garhi Thakur as having a population of 431 people (224 male and 207 female), in 268 households and 254 physical houses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village &amp; Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|162-3}}<br /> <br /> The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Garhi Thakur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 245 people (128 male and 117 female), in 63 households and 63 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 235 acres.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|lxxx}}<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> As of 2011, Garhi Thakur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 71-2 --&gt; Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 73 --&gt; The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 74, 6 --&gt; Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 75 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|71-6}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Firozabad district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaura_Hardo&diff=500029 2023-11-09T22:20:12Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: created basic info added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Gaura Hardo<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Deenshah Gaura block map.png<br /> | map_caption = Map showing Gaura Hardo (#025) in Deenshah Gaura CD block<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.039995|N|81.177748|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GeoNames&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | subdivision_type = Country India<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 8.169<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 8001<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = UP-35<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Gaura Hardo''', or just '''Gaura''',&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; is a village in [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=331–47 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It serves as the headquarters of [[Deenshah Gaura]] block, in the [[tehsil]] of [[Dalmau]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt; It is located 33&amp;nbsp;km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters,&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;/&gt; on the road from Dalmau to [[Salon, India|Salon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; As of 2011, Gaura Hardo has a population of 8,001 people, in 1,446 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt; It has five primary schools and one [[maternity and child welfare centre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Gaura Hardo has a bazar called Achalganj&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; and hosts markets twice per week, on Tuesdays and Saturdays.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; Cloth and vegetables are the main items traded.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; The village also hosts a [[Dussehra]] festival annually on [[Asvina]] Sudi 10 which draws thousands of attendees.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; The festival involves a dramatic reenactment from the [[Ramayana]] and vendors bring cattle, [[earthenware]] pottery, cloth, [[hosiery]], and toys to sell at the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> At the turn of the 20th century, in addition to the Achalganj bazar, Gaura Hardo had a post office and a school.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Rai Bareli: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXIX Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |page=174 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35020 |access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was held by [[Bais (Rajput clan)|Bais]] [[taluqdar]]s and the Dussehra fair was described as a small one at the time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; Its population as of 1901 was 2,501 people, including a Muslim minority of 123.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Gaura Hardo as comprising 20 hamlets, with a total population of 3,076 people (1,614 male and 1,462 female), in 636 households and 594 physical houses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=170, 175, lxxxvi-lxxxvii of section &quot;Dalmau Tahsil&quot; |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The area of the village was given as 2,075 [[acre]]s and it had a post office at that point.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; Average attendance of the Dussehra festival was listed at 10,000 people, and attendance of the twice-weekly market was about 500.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; It was then part of [[Jagatpur, Raebareli|Jagatpur]] block.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Gaura Hardo as having a population of 4,350 people, in 896 households, and having an area of 839.72 [[hectare]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village &amp; Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=172–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Raebareli district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sellagudapatti&diff=533991 2023-11-05T08:55:28Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: new redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Pochampalli taluk]] {{R with history}}</div>

HildaCorley2963 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandham_(1985_film)&diff=446759 2022-06-20T11:43:40Z

<p>HildaCorley2963: rd update</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Bandham (film)]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

HildaCorley2963