https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Harryson3545Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-28T14:03:24ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agri_S._S._Krishnamurthy&diff=484891Agri S. S. Krishnamurthy2026-05-07T02:24:49Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Agri S. S. Krishnamurthy<br />
| image = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|9|26}}<br />
| birth_place = Elathur, [[Kalasapakkam]], Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
<br />
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]]<br />
| term_start = 6 May 2026<br />
| predecessor = [[P. S. T. Saravanan]]<br />
<br />
| constituency1 = [[Polur Assembly constituency|Polur]]<br />
| term_start1 = 12 May 2021<br />
| term_end1 = 6 May 2026<br />
| predecessor1 = [[K. V. Sekaran]]<br />
| successor1 = R. Abishek<br />
<br />
| constituency2 = [[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]]<br />
| term_start2 = 11 May 2006<br />
| term_end2 = 20 May 2016<br />
| predecessor2 = [[S. Ramachandran (Kalasapakkam)|S. Ramachandran]]<br />
| successor2 = [[V. Panneerselvam]]<br />
<br />
| office3 = [[Department of Agriculture (Tamil Nadu)|Minister for Agriculture]]<br>[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| term3 = 19 May 2014 – March 2015<br />
<br />
| office4 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Food<br>[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| term4 = 16 May 2011 – 2012<br />
<br />
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br />
| father = S. Sundaresan<br />
<br />
}}<br />
'''Agri S. S. Krishnamurthy''' is an Indian politician and was a member of the [[Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Polur (State Assembly Constituency)|Kalasapakkam constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of MLAs from Tamil Nadu 2011|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/member_list.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |accessdate=2017-04-26}}</ref> As a representative of the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], he was previously elected to the same constituency in the 2006 elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report of Tamil Nadu 2006 Elections|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Born in an agricultural family of [[Thuluva Vellalar]] community of Elathur village in the present Kalasapakkam taluk of Tiruvannamalai district on 23 March 1959. Father S. Sundaresan and Mother Jagadambal. Married to Vijayakumari and is father of three children. He served as Chairman of Kalasapakkam Panchayat Union in the initial part of his career.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}<br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
He was elected as MLA from Kalasapakkam constituency at 2006 and was re-elected from Kalasapakkam constituency as a Member of Legislative Assembly in 2011 assembly election on an AIADMK ticket and was included in the [[Jayalalithaa]] ministry as Food minister. Later his portfolio was altered and he was given Commercial Taxes department. Again in a short period his portfolio was changed to Education and within a week from this change he was dropped from the cabinet. He is an agricultural graduate and thus earned the nickname 'Agri'.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}<br />
<br />
Krishnamoorthy replaced [[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]] as Minister for Agriculture in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] on 19 May 2014, when Jayalalithaa reshuffled her government.<ref>{{cite news |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jayalalithaa-sacks-three-ministers-six-aiadmk-functionaries-1989827 |title=Jayalalithaa sacks three ministers, six AIADMK functionaries |date=19 May 2014 |agency=PTI |accessdate=2017-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=NDTV |title=Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa Names 50 District Secretaries of AIADMK |agency=PTI |date=8 October 2015 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-names-50-district-secretaries-of-aiadmk-1229415 |accessdate=2017-05-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly (2011-2016)|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamoorthy, S. S.}}<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2011–2016]]<br />
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1959 births]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuzbak_Khan%27s_invasion_of_Kamarupa&diff=546380Yuzbak Khan's invasion of Kamarupa2026-05-05T03:49:28Z<p>Harryson3545: New</p>
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<div>{{Lead too short|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Short description|1257 military conflict in Assam}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Yuzbak Khan's invasion of Kamarupa<br />
| place = [[Kamata Kingdom]], [[Kamarupa]] (present day [[Assam, India]])<br />
| date = April–May 1257<br />
| result = [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]] victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sabyasachi |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Comprehensive_History_of_Modern_Bengal.html?id=Z3GxzQEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description |title=A Comprehensive History of Modern Bengal, 1700-1950 |date=2020 |publisher=Asiatic Society |isbn=978-93-89901-95-5 |language=en |quote=During April–May 1257, a Turkish invasion of Kamrup failed}}</ref><br />
| combatant1 = [[Kamata Kingdom]]<br />
| combatant2 = {{tree list}} [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]]<br />
** [[Lakhnauti Sultanate]]<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
| commander1 = [[Sandhya (ruler of Kamarupa)|Sandhya Ray]]<br />
| commander2 = [[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak|Yuzbak Khan]]{{POW}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Habibullah |first=Abul Barkat Muhammud |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Foundation_of_Muslim_Rule_in_India.html?id=3kQeAAAAMAAJ#Captured |title=The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India |publisher=Central Book Depot |year=1961 |pages=140 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sarkar, JN|chapter=The Turko-Afghan Invasions |editor=Barpujari, HK|title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2|publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992|pages=39–40}}</ref><br />
| image = Map of the Mamluk Empire.jpg<br />
| partof = [[Muslim Invasions of Assam]]<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = Map of [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1257<br />
}}<br />
<br />
In 1257, [[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak]], the governor of Bengal under the [[Delhi Sultanate]], invaded [[Kamarupa]] and initially gained some success. However, he was defeated and captured by the [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]] ruler, Sandhya.{{sfn|Ramakrishnan|2001|p=44}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Subhendugopal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WT8dAAAAMAAJ |title=Eminent Indian Śākta Centres in Eastern India |publisher=Punthi Pustak |year=1980 |pages=142 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Ichhimuddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OlHAAAAMAAJ |title=Aspects of Historical Geography of Prāgjyotiṣa-Kāmarūpa (ancient Assam) |publisher=Naya Prokash |year=1992 |isbn=9788185421018 |pages=31 |language=English}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
In 1228, the king of [[Kamarupa]] was killed by Malik-us-said Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah and his son was placed on the throne on the condition of paying tributes. In 1229, Nasir-ud-din, the governor of [[Bengal]] died, Raja Sandhya of [[Kamata Kingdom]] drove away Muslims from the country and brought the regions up to [[Karatoya River|Karatoya]] under his control. Next, [[Sandhya (ruler of Kamarupa)|Raja Sandhya]] invaded [[Gaur]] and with the support of several Hindu chiefs of Kamarupa called [[Baro-Bhuyan|Bhuyans]], annexed trans–Karatoya regions without any strong resistance from the Muslims. Thus, Sandhya avenged the previous loss of Kamarupa the hands of Muslim invaders and assumed the title of "Gaudesvara".{{sfn|Acharyya|1992|p=144}}<br />
<br />
== Battle ==<br />
Malik Yuzbek was determined to invade [[Kamarupa]] and to avenge the previous loss. According to [[Jadunath Sarkar]], Yuzbek crossed the [[Karatoya River]] near Goraghat in [[Rangpur, Assam|Rangpur]] district and marched through modern [[Goalpara]] district. Yuzbek invaded [[Kamarupa]] (present day [[Gauhati]]) and its immediate vicinity. This was called Kamarupa Nagara by [[Pala Empire|Pala]] kings. Yuzbek occupied Kamarupa and got immense wealth and treasures.{{sfn|Acharyya|1992|p=147}} Yuzbek's army did not meet much resistance while advancing, however they met effective resistance from the rear. Invaders first occupied the capital and Rai of Kamarupa evacuated it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396 |title=History Of Bengal Vol. 2 |date=1943 |pages=53}}</ref> But the Muslims could not get full possession of the city as they were engaged in fierce fighting with Kamarupa soldiers who were armed with bows and arrows.{{sfn|Acharyya|1992|p=148}}<br />
<br />
As the monsoon arrived, Kamarupa soldiers arrived from all sides, cut off the supplies of the city and seized the plains and waterways. The sultan caught hold of a guide who undertook to conduct his army by a shorter route through the submontane tract, evidently by way of [[Cooch Behar]] and [[Jalpaiguri]], in the direction of Devkot. When the <br />
sultan had retreated several stages, and entered the defiles and jungles he was trapped in a narrow valley assailed by the Hindus on all sides.{{sfn|Acharyya|1992|p=149}} In an engagement there, the entire [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish]] army was defeated and killed and the sultan with all his children, family and dependents became captives in the hands of [[Sandhya Ray|Sandhya]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gait |first=Edward Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam00gaitgoog |title=A history of Assam |date=1906 |publisher=Calcutta, Thacker, Spink & co. |others=Harvard University |pages=35}}</ref>{{sfn|Ramakrishnan|2001|p=45}}<br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
Due to wounds, Yuzbak died in front of his son. To check the further invasion of the Muslims, Sandhya shifted his capital from north Gauhati to [[Kamtapur|Kamatapur]]. This place had more strategic importance than the old <br />
city. The Kingdom of Kamarupa was called ''Kamata'' and the king designated as ''Kamatesvar'' after this event.{{sfn|Acharyya|1992|p=150}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak]]<br />
*[[Kamarupa]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Acharyya |first=N. N. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3309 |title=The history of medieval Assam : (from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century); a critical and comprehensive history of Assam during the first four centuries of Ahom rule, based on original Assamese sources, available both in India and England |date=1992 |publisher=New Delhi : Omsons Publ. |isbn=978-81-7117-004-3 |orig-date=originally published 1966}}<br />
*{{Cite book |first=S. |last=Ramakrishnan |url=http://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=44 |language=English |orig-date=originally published 1957}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuzbak Khan's invasion of Kamarupa}}<br />
[[Category:Battles involving India]]<br />
[[Category:1257]]<br />
[[Category:1200s conflicts]]<br />
[[Category:1200s in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:13th century in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century conflicts]]<br />
[[Category:Military history of India]]<br />
[[Category:Kamarupa]]<br />
[[Category:Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangalam_Assembly_constituency&diff=515858Mangalam Assembly constituency2026-05-05T01:30:29Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding New Pg!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Puducherry legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| constituency_no = 4<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:38004}}<br />
| state = <br />
| union_territory = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
| name = Mangalam<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Mangalam-assembly-constituency-4.png<br />
| mla = N. Rangaswamy<br />
| party = {{Party index link|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| district = [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = None<br />
}}<br />
'''Mangalam''' is a [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency in the Union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]].<ref name=pyceo>{{cite web |url=https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/img/maps/overall.jpg |title=Map showing the Assembly constituencies of the U.T. of Pondicherry |date= |access-date=9 November 2021 |publisher=Chief Electoral Office, Puducherry |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608111413/https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/img/maps/overall.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a part of [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency]] and comprises parts of Villianur Commune Panchayat and Kurumbapet Gram Panchayat, both in [[Puducherry district]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref> As of 2021, is represented by [[C. Djeacoumar]] of the [[All India N.R. Congress]].<br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Election<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan=2 | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| [[C. Djeacoumar]]<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3438-puducherry-2011/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2011 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
| S. V. Sugumaran<ref name=election2016/><br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| C. Djeacoumar<ref name=election2021/><br />
|-<br />
|[[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|N. Rangaswamy<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangalam}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Rangaswamy]]|party=All India N.R. Congress|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= S. S. Rangan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Mu. Subramanian|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= M. K. Sathya|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =36921 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India N.R. Congress|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2021 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangalam<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13417-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[C. Djeacoumar]]<br />
|party = All India N.R. Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:16972}}<br />
|percentage = 50.89<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Sun. Kumaravel<br />
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:14221}}<br />
|percentage = 42.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:367}}<br />
|percentage = 1.1<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:33353}}<br />
|percentage = 87.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:38007}}<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = All India N.R. Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2016 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangalam<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3474-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = S. V. Sugumaran<br />
|party = All India N.R. Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:13955}}<br />
|percentage = 44.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = S. Kumaravel<br />
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:8392}}<br />
|percentage = 26.83<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = K. Natarajan<br />
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:7124}}<br />
|percentage = 22.77<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:366}}<br />
|percentage = 1.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:31283}}<br />
|percentage = 89.81<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:34831}}<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = All India N.R. Congress<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Puducherry district]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Puducherry}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{coord|11.893|79.736|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:Puducherry district]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepak_Rawat&diff=495968Deepak Rawat2026-04-29T18:09:57Z<p>Harryson3545: added the pg needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service officer (born 1977)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Deepak Rawat<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|9|24}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mussoorie]], [[Uttarakhand]] ([[India]])<br />
| education = [[St George's College, Mussoorie]]<br />[[Hansraj College]] {{small|([[B.A.]])}}<br>[[Delhi University]]<br>[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] {{small|([[M.A.]] & [[M.Phil]])}}<br />
| occupation = [[Civil servant]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]<br />
| years_active = 2007–present<br />
| title = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Commissioner]] of [[Kumaon Division]], [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
* Secretary to [[Chief Minister]] of [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
}}<br />
| spouse = Vijeta Rawat<br />
| children = 2 (Divyansh Rawat, Divisha Rawat)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Deepak Rawat''' (born 24 September 1977) is an [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of [[Uttarakhand]] cadre.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |date=2022-08-23 |title=The Success Story Of Deepak Rawat Who Did Not Give Up His Dream To Become An IAS Officer |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/ias-deepak-rawat-success-story-577844.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=[[India Times]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-23 |title=UPSC Success Story: बेहद दबंग हैं ये आईएएस अधिकारी, फिल्मी अंदाज में करते हैं छापेमारी |trans-title=UPSC Success Story: This IAS officers is very domineering, raids in filmy style |url=https://www.amarujala.com/education/success-stories/ias-deepak-rawat-success-story-know-about-his-journey |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref> He is currently posted as the [[commissioner]] of [[Kumaon division]], [[Uttarakhand]] and additionally as secretary to [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] of [[Uttarakhand]]. As an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]] he is known for his huge social media presence across [[YouTube]] and [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangar |first=Aparna |date=2021-12-01 |title=Uttarakhand: आईएएस दीपक रावत को मिली नई जिम्मेदारी, बनाए गए कुमाऊं कमिश्नर; शासन ने आदेश किया जारी |trans-title=Uttarakhand: IAS Deepak Rawat got new responsibility, made Kumaon commissioner; Government issued order |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/uttarakhand/senior-ias-deepak-rawat-of-uttarakhand-appointed-as-new-commissioner-of-kumaon-939410.html |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-01 |title=उत्तराखंड: वरिष्ठ आईएएस अधिकारी दीपक रावत बने कुमाऊं कमिश्नर, आदेश जारी |trans-title=Uttarakhand: Senior IAS officer Deepak Rawat becomes Kumaon Commissioner, order issued |url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/dehradun1638347771 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
Rawat was born on 24 September 1977. His childhood dream was to become a [[Scrap|scrap dealer]] ([[Rag-and-bone man|ragman]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=IAS Success Story: कभी कबाड़ी वाला बनना चाहता था ये शख्स, किस्मत बदली और यूं बन गया IAS ऑफिसर |trans-title=IAS Success Story: A person who once aspired to become a scrap dealer eventually became an IAS officer due to a stroke of luck. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/off-beat/ias-success-story-deepak-rawat-wanted-to-become-a-scrap-dealer-but-became-an-ias-officer/1230983 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=hi}}</ref> He grew up in [[Mussoorie|Mussorie, Uttarakhand]] where his father worked as a farmer.<br />
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Rawat attended [[St George's College, Mussoorie|St. George's College, Barlowganj]] in [[Mussoorie]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni {{!}} St. George's College |url=https://sgconline.ac.in/alumni/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=St George College |language=en-US |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125103654/https://sgconline.ac.in/alumni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He completed his graduation in History Honours from [[Hansraj College]], Delhi and Post-graduation from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|JNU]].<ref name=":1" /> After that, he passed the civil services examination, becoming an IAS officer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=लड़का बनना चाहता था कबाड़ी वाला, बन गया मशहूर IAS अफसर! |trans-title=From aspiring scrap dealer to renowned IAS officer: the journey of a boy who defied odds |url=https://www.aajtak.in/trending/story/ias-officer-who-wanted-to-become-kabadiwala-in-childhood-tstf-1486977-2022-06-24 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhekale |first=Prajakta |date=2022-08-28 |title=UPSC तून IAS अधिकारी झाले नसते तर होणार होते भंगार विक्रेता; दीपक रावत यांची यशोगाथा |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/had-i-not-become-an-ias-officer-from-upsc-i-would-have-become-a-scrap-dealer-success-story-of-deepak-rawat-au129-792957.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-21 |title=कबाड़ी बनना चाहता था ये आईएएस, आज किसी स्टार से कम नहीं |trans-title=This IAS wanted to become a scrap dealer, today he is no less than a star |url=https://www.abplive.com/education/upsc-ias-success-story-deepak-rawat-upsc-success-story-2172866 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Rawat is an IAS officer from the 2007 batch. He has served in various positions as [[district magistrate]] and is recognized for conducting multiple raids during his tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2019 |title=छापे मारकर सुर्खियों में रहते हैं ये IAS अफसर, गांव में बिजली चोरी पर बोले थे- तुम तो फ्राड प्रधान हो |trans-title=The IAS officer, who often makes headlines for conducting raids, accused the village head of electricity theft and called him a fraudulent leader |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/news/ias-deepak-rawat-who-made-headlines-for-raid-against-corruption-6012115.html |access-date=9 February 2022 |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Purandare |first=Tejshree |date=2022-08-18 |title=ये IAS ऑफिसर चुटकियों में सुलझा लेते हैं जनता की हर समस्या, बचपन मे बनना चाहते थे कबाड़ी |trans-title=This IAS officer, who solves public problems efficiently, had a childhood aspiration to become a scrap dealer. |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttarakhand/story/deepak-rawat-ias-social-media-motivational-story-in-hindi-kabadiwala-childhood-dehradun-lcl-1519679-2022-08-18 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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Rawat has stated that a retired IPS officer, Anil Kumar Raturi (former [[Uttarakhand Police|DGP Uttarakhand]]), inspired him to pursue a career in [[Civil Services of India|civil services]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pallavi |first=Priya |date=2023-03-20 |title=Wanted To Be A Scrap Dealer In Childhood, says IAS Deepak Rawat |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/features/beyond-headlines/wanted-to-be-a-scrap-dealer-in-childhood-says-ias-deepak-rawat/ |url-status= |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Indian Masterminds |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Indian Revenue Service ===<br />
In his third attempt, Rawat passed the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC) examination and was appointed to the [[Indian Revenue Service (Custom & Indirect Taxes)|Indian Revenue Service (IRS - Customs)]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
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=== Indian Administrative Service ===<br />
Rawat continued his preparations and cleared the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) [[Civil Services Examination]] (CSE) twice, resulting in his appointment to the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Priyanka |date=2021-05-12 |title=कभी बचपन में ये ऑफिसर रखते थे कबाड़ी वाला बनने की इच्छा, आज हैं IAS, पढ़ें इनकी कहानी |trans-title=Once upon a time, this officer wished to become a scrap dealer, but today he is an IAS. Read his story. |url=https://ndtv.in/career/who-is-famous-ias-officer-deepak-rawat-on-social-media-know-about-his-upsc-struggle-2438825 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[NDTV India]]}}</ref><br />
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He was posted as district magistrate of [[Bageshwar district|Bageshwar]] (2011) and was transferred as managing director of Kumaon Vikas Mandal (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-01 |title=स्मार्टनेस में सुपरस्टारों को टक्कर देते हैं उत्तराखंड के आईएएस अधिकारी दीपक रावत, जानिए कॅरियर और परिवार के बारे में |trans-title=Uttarakhand's IAS officer Deepak Rawat rivals superstars in intelligence and style. Learn about his career and family |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-kumaon-new-commissioner-deepak-rawat-is-the-star-of-internet-media-22255457.html |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Later he transferred as district magistrate of [[Nainital district|Nainital]] (2014–2017) and [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]] (2017–2019) respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collectorate {{!}} District Nainital, Government of Uttarakhand {{!}} India |url=https://nainital.nic.in/collectrate/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-27 |title=25 IAS officers and 9 PCS, including 4 DMs, transferred in U'khand |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/briefs/brief-news/25-ias-officers-and-9-pcs-including-4-dms-transferred-in-ukhand/na20190627202907753 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[ETV Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former District Collectors {{!}} District Haridwar, Government of Uttarakhand {{!}} India |url=https://haridwar.nic.in/former-district-collectors/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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During his tenure as managing director of Uttarakhand Power Corporation Ltd. (UPCL) and Power Transmission Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd. (PTCUL), and director of Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA), Rawat worked under the supervision of senior officials, including [[Vinod Prasad Raturi]], who was then secretary in the Uttarakhand government.<ref>https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/uttarakhand-govt-rejigs-24-bureaucrats-in-a-major-administrative-reshuffle/84606421</ref><br />
Rawat was further appointed as [[Haridwar Kumbh Mela]] officer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-01 |title=Kumbh Mela begins formally in Haridwar |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/kumbh-mela-begins-formally-in-haridwar/article34213882.ece |access-date=2022-02-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-14 |title=Kumbh Mela 2021: World's Largest 'Diya' Inaugurated on Aastha Path in Haridwar |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/kumbh-mela-2021-worlds-largest-diya-inaugurated-on-aastha-path-in-haridwar-3639980.html |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[News18 India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kautilya |date=2019-06-28 |title=Dehradun: In major rejig, 5 districts get new DMs; 25 IAS officers reshuffled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/in-major-rejig-5-districts-get-new-dms-25-ias-officers-reshuffled/articleshow/69978356.cms |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |agency=Times News Network}}</ref> He is currently serving as commissioner of [[Kumaon division]], Uttarakhand<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-01 |title=खबर पर मुहर: आईएएस दीपक रावत को नई जिम्मेदारी, बनाए गए कुमाऊं कमिश्नर |trans-title=Seal of approval: IAS Deepak Rawat appointed as Kumaon Commissioner, assumes new responsibility |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttarakhand/city/dehradun/ias-deepak-rawat-appointed-as-kumaon-commissioner/uttarakhand20211201130307895 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[ETV Network]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kautilya |date=2021-12-02 |title=Months before polls, 35 officers rejigged in Uttarakhand {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/months-before-polls-35-officers-rejigged-in-uttarakhand/articleshow/88036730.cms |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |agency=Times News Network}}</ref> and additionally as secretary to [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] of [[Uttarakhand]], [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-05 |title=45 officers transferred, including 39 IAS; Savin Bansal appointed Doon DM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/45-officers-transferred-including-39-ias-savin-bansal-appointed-doon-dm/articleshow/113103124.cms |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=रातों-रात बदल गए IAS-PCS, उत्तराखंड के इन जिलों में बदले DM, पढ़ लें अपने जिले के नए डीएम का नाम |trans-title=Dehradun: Uttarakhand IAS-PCS Transfers - Deepak Rawat Appointed CM’s Secretary; New DMs for Haridwar, Bageshwar, and Chamoli |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/dehradun-uttarakhand-ias-pcs-transfer-deepak-rawat-cm-secretary-haridwar-bageshwar-chamoli-new-dm-name-8657954.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-09-05 |title=उत्तराखंड में बड़े स्तर IAS-PCS अधिकारियों में फेरबदल, दीपक रावत का कद बढ़ा, सचिव CM बने |trans-title=Uttarakhand IAS-PCS Officers Reshuffle: Deepak Rawat Appointed Secretary to Chief Minister |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/uttarakhand-ias-pcs-officers-reshuffle-deepak-rawat-became-secretary-to-chief-minister-2776557 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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Rawat has gained some notability for his work related videos on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Prashant |date=2020-10-16 |title=When the district magistrate is a YouTube star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/when-the-district-magistrate-is-a-youtube-star/articleshow/78118583.cms |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Vikas |date=2022-07-27 |title=कुमाऊं कमिश्नर दीपक रावत ने SDM और तहसील कार्यालय का किया निरीक्षण, अधिकारियों में मचा हड़कंप |trans-title=Commissioner of Kumaon, Deepak Rawat, inspects SDM and Tehsil offices, causing a stir among officers |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/kumaon-commissioner-deepak-rawat-inspect-sdm-and-tehsil-office-in-kashipur-ann-2178249 |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Sharad |date=2023-02-15 |title='मैं जिंदा हूं, मुझे जीवित कर दो...' किसान की बात सुनकर IAS हैरान |trans-title='I am alive, bring me back to life...' IAS officer surprised to hear farmer's plea. |url=https://www.aajtak.in/uttar-pradesh/story/farmer-meet-to-ias-dm-shamli-said-sir-i-am-alive-why-make-this-request-lcla-1636971-2023-02-15 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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== Awards and honours ==<br />
Rawat received the National Award in 2019 for his work as a District Nutrition Mission officer. The award was presented to him by Union Minister [[Smriti Irani]]. Rawat dedicated the award to [[Anganwadi]], a government-sponsored child-care and mother-care centre in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=दीपक रावत को मिला राष्ट्रीय सम्मान |trans-title=Deepak Rawat receives national honour |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/haridwar/story-deepak-rawat-got-national-award-2705884.html |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[Hindustan Dainik]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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== Controversy and criticism ==<br />
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=== Supreme Court warning ===<br />
In December 2018, a bench of the [[Supreme Court of India]], led by [[Ranjan Gogoi|Justice Ranjan Gogoi]], issued a warning to Rawat. He and his subordinate, Roorkee Joint Magistrate Nikita Khandelwal, were reportedly conducting a demolition drive in [[Jaurasi|Jaurasi Village]] where they violated the established court procedures during the operation. The court cautioned Rawat to comply with court orders and avoid any actions that may be perceived as contravening them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahapatra |first=Dhananjay |date=2018-12-05 |title=Don't play with court orders, SC tells young IAS officer {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dont-play-with-court-orders-sc-tells-young-ias-officer/articleshow/66945919.cms |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |agency=Times News Network}}</ref><br />
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=== Charges for attempted murder ===<br />
During his tenure as collector in Haridwar in January 2018, an [[Attempted murder|attempt to murder]] case was filed against Rawat by a priest. The priest alleged that Rawat, along with his helper, had assaulted him in a closed room. This incident occurred in the context of a dispute between the government and an ashram over land use. Rawat denied the allegations and claimed that they were part of a larger conspiracy to defame him. The case was later dropped due to lack of evidence. However, the incident was widely reported in the media and raised questions about Rawat's conduct as a government official.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-03 |title=Attempt to murder case filed against Haridwar DM<br />
|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/attempt-to-murder-case-filed-against-haridwar-dm201801031919090002/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=[[Asian News International]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nawaz |first=MS |date=2017-12-28 |title=Was beaten up by DM, helper: Matri Sadan seer |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/was-beaten-up-by-dm-helper-matri-sadan-seer/articleshow/62272062.cms |access-date=2023-03-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-04 |title=उत्तराखंड: हरिद्वार के डीएम पर हत्या के प्रयास का केस, बंद कमरे में पुजारी को पीटने का आरोप |trans-title=Uttarakhand: Case of attempt to murder on DM of Haridwar, accused of beating priest in closed room |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/in-uttarakhand-dm-deepak-rawat-has-booked-in-attempt-to-murder-case/537937/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=[[Jansatta]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
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* {{Official website|http://kumaon.gov.in/pages/display/53-divisional-commissioner|name=Kumaon Divisional Commissioner}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian civil servants}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawat, Deepak}}<br />
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Hansraj College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:People from Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Revenue Service officers]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow_Line_(Mumbai_Metro)&diff=546187Yellow Line (Mumbai Metro)2026-04-23T10:48:02Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Metro line of the Mumbai Metro}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox rail line<br />
| name = {{big|Yellow Line}}<br />
| image = Mumbai_Metro_at_Gundavali_Station.jpg<br />
| image_width = 275px<br />
| caption = [[BEML]] rolling stock of Mumbai Metro Line 2<br />
| color = {{rcr|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}<br />
| type = [[Rapid transit]]<br />
| system = [[Mumbai Metro]]<br />
| status = Fully Operational: {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|2A|croute}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-mumbai/mmrc-gears-up-to-start-work-on-metro3/article8878600.ece|title = MMRC gears up to start work on Metro-3|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 21 July 2016}}</ref> <br> Partly Operational: {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|2B|croute}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-expansion-lines-2b-line-9-launch-all-you-need-to-know/article70832841.ece|title = Mumbai Metro lines 2B and 9 to be launched today: All you need to know|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 7 April 2026}}</ref><br />
| locale = [[Mumbai Suburban district]]<br />
| start = {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahisar (East)}}<br />
| end = {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Mandale}}<br />
| connectinglines = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|7|croute}}<br />
* {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|1|croute}}}}<br />
| stations = 17<br />
| daily_ridership = 212,000 (July 2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Two Mumbai Metro lines report record single-day ridership of 2.14 lakh amid heavy rain |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/travel/two-mumbai-metro-lines-report-record-single-day-ridership-of-214-lakh-heavy-rain-17280421.htm |website=cnbctv18.com |access-date=30 September 2023 |language=en |date=20 July 2023}}</ref><br />
| yearcommenced = {{start date|df=y|2016|11}}<br />
| planopen = <br />
| open = {{start date and age|df=y|2022|04|02}}<br />
| close = <br />
| owner = [[MMRDA]]<br />
| operator = Maha Mumbai Metro Operation Corp. Ltd. (MMMOCL)<br />
| website = [https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/projects/transport/metro-line-2A/overview Line 2A]<br />[https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/projects/transport/metro-line-2b/overview Line 2B]<br />
| character = [[Grade-separated]], [[elevated]]<br />
| depot = Charkop (2A) <br /> Mandale (2B)<br />
| stock = [[BEML]]<br />
| minradius = <br />
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| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}<br />
| electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]<br />
| speed_km/h = <br />
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| map = {{MM Yellow Line}}<br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''Yellow Line''' ('''Line 2''') is a [[rapid transit]] metro line of the [[Mumbai Metro]] in the city of [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The line connects [[Dahisar]] in the northwest with Mandale in Mankhurd, via [[Andheri]], [[Bandra Kurla Complex|BKC]], and [[Chembur]] in the east. Phase One of Line 2A was partially opened on 2 April 2022, from Dahisar (East) to Dahanukarwadi. Line 2A was completely opened on 19 January 2023 from Dahanukarwadi to Andheri (West) and consisted of eight new stations.<br />
<br />
Construction on the first section of the line, called Metro 2A (between Dahisar and D.N. Road), began in November 2016 and was completed in April 2022. This section will be {{convert|18.589|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, and comprise 17 of the 39 stations that form part of this route. The new {{Cvt|9.5|km|3}} section from Dahanukarwadi to DN Nagar, was inaugurated on 19 January 2023, by PM [[Narendra Modi]]. On 7 April 2026, the {{Convert|5.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} section of Line 2B from Diamond Garden to Mandle was launched for operations.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;"<br />
! colspan="10" style="background:#{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|yellow}};" |<span style="color:black;">Yellow Line</span><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Line number<br />
! colspan="2" |Station<br />
! rowspan="2" |Opening<br />
! rowspan="2" |Distance<br />
|-<br />
![[English language|English]]<br />
![[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2A<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahisar (East)}}<br />
|दहिसर (पूर्व)<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
| rowspan="2" |{{Cvt|18.589|km|}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahanukarwadi}}<br />
|डहाणूकरवाडी<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2B<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Andheri (West)}}<br />
|अंधेरी (पश्चिम)<br />
|December 2027<br />
| rowspan="2" |{{Cvt|23.649|km|}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Chembur}}<br />
|चेंबूर<br />
|December 2025<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Total<br />
!{{Cvt|42.238|km|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Public private partnership with RInfra ===<br />
A {{Cvt|38.24|km}} long Colaba–Bandra–Charkop line was proposed as the Yellow Line in the original Mumbai Metro masterplan unveiled by the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|MMRDA]] in 2004. A {{Cvt|13.37|km}} long Bandra-Kurla–Mankhurd line and a {{Cvt|7.5|km|2}} line from Charkop to Dahisar were proposed as Line 3 and Line 4, respectively, in the same plan.<ref name="mmrda1">{{cite web|url=http://202.54.119.40/projects_metro_rail.htm |title=Mmrda – Projects – Mumbai Metro Rail Project |publisher=Mmrdamumbai.org |access-date=12 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319164955/http://202.54.119.40/projects_metro_rail.htm |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.moneylife.in/article/road-infrastructure-must-be-planned-with-priority-for-pedestrians-non-motorised-vehicle-traffic/34556.html |title=Road infrastructure must be planned with priority for pedestrians, non-motorised vehicle traffic - Moneylife |newspaper=Moneylife.in |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923044849/http://www.moneylife.in/article/road-infrastructure-must-be-planned-with-priority-for-pedestrians-non-motorised-vehicle-traffic/34556.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/mumbai-metro3-launched-today/article6353788.ece|title=Third phase of metro rail inaugurated|date=26 August 2014}}</ref> In the updated masterplan, the proposed Charkop–Bandra–Mankhurd and Charkop–Dahisar lines were merged into a single Dahisar–Bandra–Mankhurd line, which would have been {{Cvt|32|km|2}} and had 27 stations. This was planned to be the second corridor of the Mumbai Metro. Like Line 1, this corridor was also proposed to be constructed on a public private partnership (PPP) model.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-in-talks-for-foreign-funding/ |title=MMRDA in talks for foreign funding |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=14 October 2016 |archive-date=19 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019073338/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-in-talks-for-foreign-funding/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Then President [[Pratibha Patil]] launched the project in August 2009. The MMRDA appointed [[Reliance Infrastructure]] (RInfra), in consortium with [[AtkinsRéalis|SNC Lavalin Inc.]], Canada and Reliance Communication,<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-08-04/news/27656838_1_metro-projects-mumbai-metro-metro-train |title=Reliance Infra wins Rs 11,000cr Mumbai Metro-II project - Economic Times |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=3 April 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614130722/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-08-04/news/27656838_1_metro-projects-mumbai-metro-metro-train |url-status=dead }}</ref> through an international competitive bidding process to carry out this phase of the project, and the concession agreement was signed with the RInfra-led consortium in January 2010.<ref name=CancelledPerhaps>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/another-r-infra-project-heads-for-termination/495986/ "Another R-Infra project heads for termination"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219082053/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/another-r-infra-project-heads-for-termination/495986/ |date=19 December 2012 }}. ''Business Standard''. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.</ref> The project was proposed to be implemented on [[build–operate–transfer]] (BOT) basis for a concession period of 35&nbsp;years, with an extension clause of another 10&nbsp;years.<ref name="indiatimes"/> The MMRDA estimated the project would cost {{INRConvert|8250|c}}, while Reliance Infrastructure estimated it would cost {{INR}} 11,000&nbsp;crore.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/reliance-infras-mumbai-metro-phase-ii-faces-cancellation/199810/on "Reliance Infra's Mumbai metro phase II faces cancellation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127231029/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/reliance-infras-mumbai-metro-phase-ii-faces-cancellation/199810/on |date=27 January 2013 }}. ''Business Standard''. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.</ref> Construction was planned to begin in August 2010 and conclude by mid-2013.<ref name="mmtpltoCM">{{cite news|title=MMTPL to CM: Metro II will take more time, money|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/jan/090112-MMTPL-to-CM-Metro-II-will-take-more-time-money.htm|first=Ranjeet|last=Jadhav|date=9 January 2012|location=Mumbai|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=13 March 2012|archive-date=31 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731235203/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/jan/090112-MMTPL-to-CM-Metro-II-will-take-more-time-money.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> However, construction work had yet to begin by December 2012, leading to calls for Yellow Lineto be cancelled outright.<ref name=CancelledPerhaps/><br />
<br />
The line's construction was handicapped by the lack of available land for carsheds at Charkop and Mankhurd; the [[Coastal Regulation Zone]] (CRZ) laws forbade construction on the land that had been selected by the MMRDA. The Union [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment and Forests]] (MoEF) refused to give clearance for the depots.<ref name="crzstop">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_crz-rules-may-stop-metro-ii-in-its-tracks_1320209|title=CRZ rules may stop Metro II in its tracks|last=Siddhaye|first=Ninad|date=5 December 2009|publisher=DNA|access-date=13 March 2012|location=Mumbai|archive-date=25 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225193006/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_crz-rules-may-stop-metro-ii-in-its-tracks_1320209|url-status=live}}</ref> MMRDA officials plan to solve the problem by shifting the location of the proposed rake depot to Malwani, near [[Malad]]. The {{convert|19|ha|km2}} plot does not come under the purview of the CRZ laws and therefore will not require environmental clearances.<ref>[http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20120922201209220438078208a83c966/MMRDA-finds-land-for-Metro-II-rake-depot-in-Malwani.html "MMRDA finds land for Metro II rake depot in Malwani"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925065237/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20120922201209220438078208a83c966/MMRDA-finds-land-for-Metro-II-rake-depot-in-Malwani.html |date=25 September 2012 }}. ''Mumbai Mirror''. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.</ref> The MMRDA has said that they have not ruled out an underground line, claiming that they had considered a combination of an elevated and underground alignment but had deemed it impossible due to the large land requirement for ramps and [[Interchange (road)|slip roads]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_metro-ii-may-still-run-underground-in-mumbai_1662492 |title=Metro-II may still run underground in Mumbai |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=15 March 2012 |access-date=28 March 2012 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324222005/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_metro-ii-may-still-run-underground-in-mumbai_1662492 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 6 September 2012, the MMRDA sent a letter to Reliance Infrastructure asking them to start work on the metro immediately or face legal action.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015845/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-15/mumbai/33862563_1_metro-ii-second-metro-line-mmrda "Metro II delay: Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority warns of action"]. ''The Times of India''. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120915012414/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/MMRDA-warns-RInfra-over-delay-in-second-Metro-line/Article1-930241.aspx "MMRDA warns RInfra over delay in second Metro line"]. ''Hindustan Times''. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.</ref> In response to the letter, RInfra blamed the government and the MMRDA for the delayed construction work. They said that the government had failed to fulfill its contractual obligation to provide the necessary land, right-of-way permits and clearances.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130128182249/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-17/mumbai/33901972_1_metro-ii-rinfra-juhu-airport "Metro’s second line project may get derailed"]. ''The Times of India''. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034120/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/mumbai/34259783_1_rinfra-mmrda-metro-ii "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, Reliance Infrastructure on clash course over second Metro rail"]. ''The Times of India''. 4 October 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-no-work-unless-state-follows-contract-/1011645/0 "‘No work unless state follows contract’"]. ''The Indian Express''. 4 October 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121004003818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Developer-sticks-to-his-guns-won-t-start-work-on-Metro-II/Article1-939561.aspx "Developer sticks to his guns, won’t start work on Metro-II"]. ''Hindustan Times''. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</ref> On 8 February 2013, then RInfra CEO Sumit Banerjee claimed that the project had not advanced because the MMRDA had failed to fulfill its share of the responsibilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Rs-65cr-spent-on-Metro-II-work-still-to-take-off/articleshow/18409711.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034122/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-09/mumbai/37006883_1_metro-ii-r-infra-mmrda|url-status=live|archive-date=28 September 2013|title=Rs 65cr spent on Metro II, work still to take off|date=9 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_metro-2-stuck-in-rinfra-mmrda-blame-game_1797951|title=Metro 2 stuck in RInfra-MMRDA blame game|publisher=DNA India|date=9 February 2013|access-date=12 February 2013|archive-date=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301021431/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_metro-2-stuck-in-rinfra-mmrda-blame-game_1797951|url-status=live}}</ref> The state government had since been considering alternative sites for the depot, which might have led to complete change in the alignment of the line and could have required re-bidding for the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mumbai-metro-corp-calls-for-consultants-for-third-line-113061900026_1.html|title=Mumbai Metro Corp calls for consultants for third line|work=Business Standard|date=19 June 2013|access-date=7 July 2013|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=28 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928074814/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mumbai-metro-corp-calls-for-consultants-for-third-line-113061900026_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 August 2013, ''DNA'' reported that an MMRDA official had informed them that a {{Convert|27|acre|adj=on}} plot that was to be used as the casting yard for Line 2, was planned to be marked for use as a casting yard for Line 3. The paper called the move "a clear indication" that Yellow Line"will not take off in the near future."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1872016/report-mumbai-s-second-metro-line-on-the-verge-of-derailment |title=Mumbai's second Metro line on the verge of derailment - Mumbai - DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=2013-09-28 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927083447/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1872016/report-mumbai-s-second-metro-line-on-the-verge-of-derailment |url-status=live }}</ref> Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan told the media on 30 August 2013 that "it is now clear that Mumbai's Metro II project will now not happen."<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |author=Rohit Chandavarkar |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/mumbais-metro-ii-project-cancelled-metro-i-other-infraprojects-in-deep-trouble-/articleshow/22168361.cms |title=Mumbai's Metro II project cancelled; Metro I and other Infra projects in deep trouble - Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=2013-08-31 |access-date=2013-09-28 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410223003/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/mumbais-metro-ii-project-cancelled-metro-i-other-infraprojects-in-deep-trouble-/articleshow/22168361.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-14/mumbai/46184771_1_second-metro-line-metro-ii-new-metro-route|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117102400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-14/mumbai/46184771_1_second-metro-line-metro-ii-new-metro-route|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-01-17|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Tenders for Metro-II to be reinvited soon|access-date=2014-01-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 November 2014, Reliance Infrastructure announced that it had terminated the agreement between the MMTPL and the Maharashtra government. RInfra stated, "Due to non-fulfilment of various critical obligations by Maharashtra government and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), the project could not take off. Even after four years, despite the best efforts of the Maharashtra government, various project impediments could not be resolved." The MMRDA issued a statement confirming that the agreement was terminated with mutual consent. No party will bare any cost as a result of the termination and the state government will return a bank guarantee of {{INR}} 160 crore. The MMRDA also clarified that the Yellow Lineproject had not been cancelled and will be constructed by the Mumbai Metro Railway Corp. Ltd (MMRCL) under an [[engineering, procurement and construction]] (EPC) model.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanjai|first1=P.R.|title=Reliance Infra pulls out of Mumbai Metro Line 2|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/bKzM6yXoPKaxW1YelH9FBL/Reliance-Infra-pulls-out-of-Mumbai-Metro-Line-2.html|website=Livemint|access-date=14 October 2016|date=13 November 2014|archive-date=29 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175550/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/bKzM6yXoPKaxW1YelH9FBL/Reliance-Infra-pulls-out-of-Mumbai-Metro-Line-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Further delay in Colaba-Seepz metro as govt tweaks bid norms|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/further-delay-in-colaba-seepz-metro-as-govt-tweaks-bid-norms-114020401319_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=14 October 2016|date=4 February 2014|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701200458/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/further-delay-in-colaba-seepz-metro-as-govt-tweaks-bid-norms-114020401319_1.html|url-status=live|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><br />
<br />
===EPC model===<br />
In September 2013, the MMRDA appointed RITES to study the feasibility of constructing the proposed {{Cvt|32|km|1}} metro line underground. RITES also studied the feasibility of extending the corridor and merging the {{Cvt|7.5|km}} Charkop-Dahisar metro, proposed as a separate line, with this project. RITES submitted its final report to the MMRDA in the last week of May 2014, concluding that constructing the metro underground and extending it up to Dahisar was feasible.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/underground-metro-technically-feasible-study/|title=Underground Metro technically feasible: Study|work=The Indian Express|date=6 March 2014|access-date=2014-04-03|archive-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531070143/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/underground-metro-technically-feasible-study/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/metro-ii-gets-nod-for-underground-line/15288160|title=Metro-II gets nod for underground line|date=11 May 2014 |access-date=14 October 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018233215/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/metro-ii-gets-nod-for-underground-line/15288160|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-in-talks-for-foreign-funding/|title=MMRDA in talks for foreign funding|date=20 May 2014|access-date=14 October 2016|archive-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019073338/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-in-talks-for-foreign-funding/|url-status=live}}</ref> The merged Dahisar-Bandra-Mankhurd line would be {{Cvt|40.2|km}} long and have 37 underground stations. The estimated cost of construction of this line was {{INR}}28,900 crore, 134% higher than the originally estimated costs of {{INR}}7,660 crore for the Charkop-Bandra-Mankhurd line and {{INR}}4,680 crore for the Charkop-Dahisar corridor. RITES proposed the construction of a major car depot at Oshiwara and a minor car depot at Mandale, Mankhurd on sites that were a mix of publicly and privately held land.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/dahisar-bandra-mankhurd-corridor-set-to-be-costliest-metro-project/|title=Dahisar-Bandra-Mankhurd corridor set to be costliest Metro project|date=5 June 2014|access-date=14 October 2016|archive-date=31 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231062322/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/dahisar-bandra-mankhurd-corridor-set-to-be-costliest-metro-project/|url-status=live}}</ref> The extension of the line to Mankhurd was proposed to resolve land acquisition issues, as land was available for the construction of a depot at Mankhurd.<ref name = "HT"/><br />
<br />
In June 2015, the MMRDA proposed building an {{Convert|18.6|km|abbr=on}} line from Dahisar East to Andheri East, and a {{Convert|12|km|abbr=on}} line from Bandra Kurla Complex to Mankhurd, as part of a plan to build 6 new metro lines at a total estimated cost of {{INRConvert|64000|c}}.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/over-130-km-of-metro-lines-to-criss-cross-city-by-2020/99/|title=Over 130 km of Metro lines to criss-cross city by 2020|date=16 June 2015|access-date=14 October 2016|archive-date=29 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729064114/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/over-130-km-of-metro-lines-to-criss-cross-city-by-2020/99/|url-status=live}}</ref> The MMRDA approved the detailed project report for the line in August 2015. The report estimated the cost of the project as {{INRConvert|12000|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=MMRDA sanctions Rs 35,400 cr for 118 km Mumbai metro network Andheri East and Dahisar East|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mmrda-sanctions-rs-35-400-cr-for-118-km-mumbai-metro-network-115082601240_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> On 15 June 2015, the MMRDA announced that it would combine the two stretches and implement the Yellow Line of the Mumbai Metro in three parts - Dahisar East-DN Nagar (Metro 2A), DN Nagar-BKC (Metro 2B), and BKC-Mankhurd (Metro 2C).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/metro-2-to-be-built-in-three-phases-2-other-routes-also-on-cards/article1-1359054.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616193605/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/metro-2-to-be-built-in-three-phases-2-other-routes-also-on-cards/article1-1359054.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2015|title=Metro 2 to be built in three phases, 2 other routes also on cards|date=16 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Centre paves way for Rs 8,000-cr loan for 2 metro lines|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/centre-paves-way-for-rs8-000-cr-loan-for-2-metro-lines/story-r4gPtl6UBJFPrEOyBKDHAI.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 October 2016|date=26 November 2015|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018235313/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/centre-paves-way-for-rs8-000-cr-loan-for-2-metro-lines/story-r4gPtl6UBJFPrEOyBKDHAI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 July 2015, it was announced that the MMRDA was allotted a {{Convert|22|acre|adj=on}} plot in [[Mankhurd]] adjacent to the [[Sion Panvel highway]] for the Metro carshed. The land was under dispute between the MMRDA and the State Home Ministry for the construction of a jail.<ref name="MetroIIyard">{{cite news |title=MMRDA gets 22-acre plot in Mankhurd for Metro II yard |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/MMRDA-gets-22-acre-plot-in-Mankhurd-for-Metro-II-yard/articleshow/47887367.cms |first=Yogesh |last=Naik |date=1 July 2015 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701123439/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/MMRDA-gets-22-acre-plot-in-Mankhurd-for-Metro-II-yard/articleshow/47887367.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The plan was later modified to build the line in two sections - Dahisar-DN Nagar (Metro 2A) and DN Nagar-Mankhurd (Metro 2B). Metro 2A was approved by the Maharashtra Government on 6 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra govt approves 2 new Metro lines for Mumbai, cost revised to Rs 12,618 crore|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-gets-2-new-metro-lines-cost-revised-to-rs-12618-crore/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=12 February 2017|date=7 October 2015|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226103340/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-gets-2-new-metro-lines-cost-revised-to-rs-12618-crore/|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2015, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) cleared the MMRDA's request to secure a loan from the [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB).<ref name="HT5">{{cite web|title=Centre paves way for Rs 8,000-cr loan for 2 metro lines|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/centre-paves-way-for-rs8-000-cr-loan-for-2-metro-lines/story-r4gPtl6UBJFPrEOyBKDHAI.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 February 2017|date=26 November 2015|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018235313/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/centre-paves-way-for-rs8-000-cr-loan-for-2-metro-lines/story-r4gPtl6UBJFPrEOyBKDHAI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Maharashtra Cabinet approved the Metro 2B corridor on 27 September 2016. Half of the project cost will be funded by the Centre and the State Government, while the remaining will be financed through loans from the Asian Development Bank and the New Development Bank. The Metro 2B corridor was proposed to be {{Cvt|23.5|km}} long and to have 22 stations. The project was estimated to cost {{INR}}10,986 crore,<ref name="NDTV3">{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Cabinet Gives Go-Ahead For Two Metro Lines|url=http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-cabinet-gives-go-ahead-for-two-metro-lines-1467281|website=NDTV.com|access-date=14 October 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205738/http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-cabinet-gives-go-ahead-for-two-metro-lines-1467281|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BS1">{{cite news|title=Mumbai to get two more Metro Rails|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/mumbai-to-get-two-more-metro-rails-116092701141_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=14 October 2016|date=27 September 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018202852/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/mumbai-to-get-two-more-metro-rails-116092701141_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> including land acquisition cost of {{INR}}1,274 crore.<ref name="HT" /><br />
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In February 2020, the MMRDA metropolitan commissioner R.A. Rajeev, stated that Yellow Line would be identified as the Yellow Line.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-29 |title=Metro-2A will be Yellow line, 7 to be Red |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/metros-to-pass-with-flying-colours-2a-will-be-the-red-line-7-yellow/story-ViMOTtKCAjXWWAG6aZAR6I.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> A study by [[World Resources Institute]] (WRI) India, published in May 2021, estimated that Metro 2A and Line 7 had the potential to create 1.1 million jobs in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-24 |title=Metro lines 2A, 7 have potential to create 1.1 million jobs: Study |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/metro-lines-2a-7-have-potential-to-create-1-1-million-jobs-study-101616526538623.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Elevated Metro 2B ===<br />
The elevated Metro 2B line received permission from the [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]] (CR) to be built at a height of 22 metres over the [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]] to accommodate CR's plan to construct an elevated CST-Panvel high-speed rail line and an elevated CST-Kalyan line. The MMRDA objected to the height band due to concerns over difficulty involved in operating a metro line at that height as well as evacuating passengers to ground level in case of an emergency. The Central Railway later granted the MMRDA permission to build Metro 2B at a height of 13 metres, with the CST-Panvel elevated line proposed to take a height of 22 metres.<ref name=":2" /><br />
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The plan to build Metro 2B as an elevated corridor faced opposition. Residents of SV Road gathered at the Sacred Heart Boys’ School in Khar to protest the Metro 2B project on 12 August 2017.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-12 |title=Mumbai Metro 2B: S V Road residents protest elevated Metro, demand underground line |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-2b-s-v-road-residents-protest-elevated-metro-demand-underground-line-4792768/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Petitions against the project were also filed in the [[Bombay High Court]] by the Juhu Vile Parle Development Cooperative Housing Association, the Gulmohar Area Society Welfare Group, and the Balabhai Nanavati Hospital.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title=Decided to go for elevated Metro after considering all pros & cons: MMRDA to Bombay HC |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-decided-to-go-for-elevated-metro-after-considering-all-pros-cons-mmrda-to-bombay-hc-1217174/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> Some Mumbai residents protested the project on 5 October 2017 at Santacruz and Mahim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-17 |title=Human chain against Metro 2B on Oct. 5 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/human-chain-against-metro-2b-on-oct-5/article24971279.ece |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-18 |title=Protest against elevated Metro 2B: 10,000 residents to form human chain in Santacruz on October 5 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/protest-against-elevated-metro-2b-residents-to-form-human-chain-in-santacruz-on-october-5361521/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Several celebrities including Javed Akthar participated in the protest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Ankita |date=2018-10-05 |title=Javed Akhtar Joins Protest in Mumbai, Demands Underground Metro |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/mumbaikars-demand-an-underground-metro-2b-line |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> Metro 2B also faced legal issues concerning the section between Indira Nagar and Nanavati Hospital that passes through a funnel area of the [[Juhu Aerodrome]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Mumbai Metro: Construction work on Metro Line 2B resumes; pillars to be up by 2024, says MMRDA |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/mumbai-metro-construction-work-on-metro-line-2b-resumes-pillars-to-be-up-by-2024-says-mmrda-article-98450521 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=PIL in high court objects to Mumbai Metro 2B overground line near Juhu airport |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/pil-in-high-court-objects-to-mumbai-metro-2b-overground-line-near-juhu-airport-101632239833831.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In June 2018, the MMRDA filed an affidavit in the Bombay High Court stating that it had "taken into consideration all the aspects of the project, including the pros and cons of underground and elevated Metro, and have taken a conscious decision to go for an elevated Metro". The agency stated that there was insufficient land available to build the metro partly underground, as large quantities of land were required to build the ramps going underground and coming back overground. The agency also noted that an underground metro would take 2 years to build and would cost over 5.5 times more per kilometer than an elevated line. The MMRDA stated that the design of the metro was a "highly technical issue" and that the petitioners did not have the required scientific experience to evaluate it.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-24 |title=MMRDA rules out underground Metro-2B corridor |url=https://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/240618/mmrda-rules-out-underground-metro-2b-corridor.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref> In August 2019, the Court directed the petitioners to explain why they thought the MMRDA had selected an elevated line instead of an underground line, after the petitioner's advocate stated that he "had not come prepared" and did not know if there was a scientific reason behind the MMRDA's decision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-27 |title=‘Do you know why Metro 2B went from underground to elevated?’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/do-you-know-why-metro-2b-went-from-underground-to-elevated/story-YDz68gakcOX1kQPZVLoAjM.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The Bombay High Court ruled in favour of the MMRDA and dismissed all petitions against the Metro 2B project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Legal hurdles cleared, MMRDA gets green signal for Mumbai Metro lines 2B & 4 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/legal-hurdles-cleared-mmrda-green-signal-mumbai-metro-lines-2b-4-8554578/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Petitions against metro lines disposed of by HC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bombay-high-court-dismisses-petitions-against-metro-4-and-2b-projects-ruling-in-favor-of-mmrda-and-government-metroprojects-bombayhighcourt-mmrda-101681326978063.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-23 |title=Bombay High Court clears way for construction of overground Metro 2B corridor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bombay-high-court-clears-way-for-construction-of-overground-metro-2b-corridor-8339600/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Cancelled stations ===<br />
Two metro stations (MMRDA Station and Kurla Terminus) that were originally proposed for Metro 2B were cancelled. The MMRDA Station was cancelled because it overlapped with the Kalanagar flyover ramp. The Kurla Terminus station was cancelled in September 2020 because it was in the path of the restricted funnel zone for [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai Airport]]. Further, the proposed SG Barve Marg station was only 474 metres away from the proposed Kurla Terminus. Another issue was that the Kurla Terminus station would have been located between the [[Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road]] (SCLR) rail overbridge and another permanent structure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-16 |title=No Kurla terminus on Mumbai Metro-2B line: MMRDA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/no-kurla-terminus-on-mumbai-metro-2b-line-mmrda/story-ZtBG0cNR9YdTiIxpAbEjAJ.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-17 |title=Mumbai: Metro scraps plan for Kurla Terminus, MMRDA stations |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-metro-scraps-plan-for-kurla-terminus-mmrda-stations/articleshow/78160389.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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=== Depot and Line 7 link ===<br />
{{see also|Line 7 (Mumbai Metro)}}<br />
Line 7 of the Mumbai Metro connects Dahisar East with Andheri East, and the depot for the line was proposed to be located at [[Dahisar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Charkop Car Depot To Now House Metro 7,and 2A |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/infrastructure/charkop-car-depot-to-now-house-metro-7,and-2A-mmrda-45182 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Live |language=en}}</ref> However, land acquisition for the Dahisar depot was delayed by litigation filed in 2016. In 2020, the MMRDA proposed using the depot at [[Charkop]] to serve both Line 2A and Line 7 by building a ring metro line to connect the two corridors. The MMRDA utilized an empty plot of land located after Ovaripada station on Line 7 to build pillars for the link connecting the two lines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Shashank |title=Obstacles in getting car shed at Dahisar gives birth to a semi-circular metro line |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/problem-in-getting-car-shed-at-dahisar-gives-birth-to-a-semi-circular-metro-line/articleshow/78011234.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=Work on Mumbai Metro lines 2A, 7 delayed, likely to start operation by Jan 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/work-on-metro-lines-2a-7-delayed-likely-to-start-operation-by-jan-2022-6582295/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In November 2021, the MMRDA cancelled the plan to build the depot at Dahisar and instead proposed building the depot for Lines 7, 7A and 9 at Rai Murdhe in Bhayandar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=Mumbai: MMRDA changes location of 2 Metro depots |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-mmrda-changes-location-of-metro-depots-7628405/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Line 2A and Line 7 were both commissioned on 2 April 2022, with services operating between {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahanukarwadi}} and [[Aarey metro station|Aarey]] via [[Dahisar East metro station|Dahisar East]]. Both lines were extended on 19 January 2023, providing circular service between {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Andheri West}} and [[Gundavali metro station|Gundavali]] via Dahisar East.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-14 |title=PM Narendra Modi to inaugurate Mumbai Metro Lines 2A, 7 today: All you need to know |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/all-you-need-to-know-new-mumbais-new-metro-lines-opened-by-pm-modi-next-week-8381822/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The Charkop depot currently serves as the depot for Line 2A and Line 7. The Mandale depot will be used to serve Lines 2A and 2B once completed.<ref name=":7" /><br />
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==Construction==<br />
Yellow Line (Line 2) will be built in two sections - Dahisar-DN Nagar (Metro 2A) and DN Nagar-Mankhurd (Metro 2B). The MMRDA signed an agreement with the DMRC, appointing the latter as the implementing agency for the project on 12 December 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-12 |title=MMRDA signs deal with Delhi Rail Corporation for metro line 2, 7 |url=https://www.asianage.com/mumbai/mmrda-signs-deal-delhi-rail-corporation-metro-line-2-7-379 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref> The DMRC was paid {{INRConvert|334|c}} for its services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-23 |title=Dahisar to DN Nagar metro line: Maharashtra to pay Rs 334 crore for DMRC’s services |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/dahisar-to-dn-nagar-metro-line-maharashtra-to-pay-rs-334-crore-for-dmrcs-services/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The DMRC will have sole responsibility for civil and technical works, and operations and maintenance on the Metro 2A corridor. For the Metro 2B corridor, the MMRDA will carry out civil works, while the DMRC is tasked with technical work and operations and maintenance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Metro to get by with help from Delhi|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/mumbai-metro-to-get-by-with-help-from-delhi/story-oym9Pe2zwAA8Z2oQsLUAwM.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 October 2016|date=10 May 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018235230/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/mumbai-metro-to-get-by-with-help-from-delhi/story-oym9Pe2zwAA8Z2oQsLUAwM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2018, the state government granted special planning authority status to the MMRDA in a bid to speed up implementation of metro projects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-07 |title=MMRDA gets special tag to speed up 5 Mumbai Metro lines |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mmrda-gets-special-tag-to-speed-up-5-mumbai-metro-lines/story-MBgvW9oBmUMwLBRLDuEdbJ.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
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===Metro 2A===<br />
Metro 2A is {{Cvt|18.589|km}} long and connects Dahisar East to DN Nagar with 17 stations.<ref name = "HT">{{cite web|title=Construction of two metro lines to begin mid-monsoon|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/construction-of-two-metro-lines-to-begin-mid-monsoon/story-npNUP13d2rN6CsqgBtdRMM.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 October 2016|date=23 July 2016|archive-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920002830/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/construction-of-two-metro-lines-to-begin-mid-monsoon/story-npNUP13d2rN6CsqgBtdRMM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone station for Metro 2A on 11 October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-04 |title=Mumbai: Metro Lines 2A & 7 likely to be fully opened on August 15 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-metro-lines-2a-7-likely-to-be-fully-opened-on-august-15/articleshow/90630496.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The DMRC floated two tenders for the designing and construction of the corridor. The first package included the design and construction of a viaduct and 9 stations from Dahisar East to Dahanukarwadi, and the second package included the remaining viaduct and 8 stations from Valnai to Andheri West. J Kumar Infra Projects Limited was awarded both packages in June 2016, and carried out civil work, including viaducts and stations. The cost of the contract was {{INRConvert|1300|c}}, with J Kumar Infra bidding below the reserve price.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tainted J Kumar Infraporjects bags Dahisar-DN Nagar Metro 2A project|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773|website=dna|access-date=14 October 2016|date=9 August 2016|archive-date=15 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015125202/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Linah Baliga|date=Jul 8, 2018 |title=Corrupt? Work shoddily? You’re hired: Metro boss |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/corrupt-work-shoddily-youre-hired-metro-boss/articleshow/64901820.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Soil testing work along the corridor commenced in July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Soil testing starts for metro projects|url=http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/soil-testing-starts-metro-projects-672|website=Asian Age/|access-date=12 February 2017|date=2 July 2016|archive-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164910/http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/soil-testing-starts-metro-projects-672|url-status=live}}</ref> Construction on the corridor began in November 2016.<ref name=":0" /> The corridor was scheduled to be commissioned in October 2019, but delays in procuring rolling stock and issues with civil works pushed the deadline to December 2020.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=8 May 2018 |title=Nearly 50% of pillars ready, Metro 2A to start in 2020 - Times of India |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/nearly-50-of-pillars-ready-metro-2a-to-start-in-2020/articleshow/64071274.cms |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511193302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/nearly-50-of-pillars-ready-metro-2a-to-start-in-2020/articleshow/64071274.cms |archive-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> The opening of the line was further delayed by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=2023-01-22 |title=MMRDA says Metro 2A & 7 cost escalation to be Rs 900 crore |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mmrda-says-metro-2a-7-cost-escalation-to-be-rs-900-crore/articleshow/97216720.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As of 13 September 2017, 77% of the soil investigation work for pier foundation, 76% of barricading work, 37% of piles, and 19% of pile caps were completed, and 110 piers were cast, 75 pier caps erected, 26 U girders erected and work pile foundation work commenced for all 17 stations.<ref name=":0" /> In April 2019, the MMRDA issued tenders for the rooftop solar PV power projects at stations on Metro 2A.<ref>{{cite web |title=MMRDA Issues 7.63 MW Rooftop Solar Tender For Mumbai Metro Project |url=https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/mmrda-7-63-mw-rooftop-solar-tender-mumbai-metro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504071732/https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/mmrda-7-63-mw-rooftop-solar-tender-mumbai-metro |archive-date=4 May 2019 |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=saurenergy.com}}</ref> Track laying work on the line began in June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-18 |title=Work on track: MMRDA starts laying rail lines for Metro 2A, 7 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/work-on-track-mmrda-starts-laying-rail-lines-for-metro-2a-7/story-QJPE6FBZ5NN5erJKAnFFHK.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
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[[File:An under-construction Pahadi Eksar metro station in Borivali, as of February 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Pahadi Eksar metro station|Shimpoli]] station under construction in [[Borivali]] in 2022]]<br />
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The stations on the line have a platform length of {{Convert|185|m}} to serve 8-car rakes. Stations were built on a single pier, unlike the three piers used to support stations on Line 1. The single-pier design was chosen due to the lack of space available for construction on New Link Road. Unlike most metros in India, the stations were not completely constructed on site. Construction utilized "pi-girders", which were pre-cast at a casting yard in Bandra. The girders were then erected onto the station for platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-19 |title=Metro 2A corridor: MMRDA to use precast ‘pi-girders’ to expedite construction work |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/metro-2a-corridor-mmrda-to-use-precast-pi-girders-to-expedite-construction-work-5069293/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Most of the spans on the line have a length of {{Convert|25-28|m}}. A {{Convert|51|m|adj=on}} long steel girder was installed on New Link Road in Kandivali to accommodate a {{Convert|700|m|adj=on}} radius curve along the line.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-31 |title=Mumbai Metro line 2A: Steel girder 51-mts long launched over pillars |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-metro-line-2a-steel-girder-51-metres-long-launched-over-pillars-23068344 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
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MMRDA metropolitan commissioner R.A. Rajeev stated in September 2020 that almost 80% of construction work had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-11 |title=Mumbai Metro 2A, 7 trials to start from Jan 14 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-2a-7-trials-to-start-from-jan-14-6591239/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The MMRDA began conducting pre-trials on the rolling stock at the Charkop depot in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-25 |title=MMRDA begins pre-trials for Mumbai’s Metro trains |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mmrda-to-begin-pre-trials-for-mumbai-s-metro-trains-101614276774493.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The MMRDA announced that the electrification of the line had been completed on 26 May, and the first trial runs were conducted from 31 May.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=IANS|date=May 26, 2021 |title=MMRDA to conduct test run for two elevated Metro lines next week |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mmrda-to-conduct-test-run-for-two-elevated-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/82979298.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-01 |title=Mumbai: Trial run for Metro Line 2A and 7 flagged off |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-trial-run-for-metro-line-2a-and-7-flagged-off-7338657/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The MMRDA began a dynamic test and trial run on the {{Convert|20|km|abbr=on}} stretch between Dhanukarwadi and Aarey (including a portion of Line 7) on 19 June.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-20 |title=Mumbai: Dynamic trial run begins on Metro corridors 2A and 7 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-dynamic-trial-run-begins-on-metro-corridors-2a-and-7-7366847/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The final I-girder on Line 2A was launched at Adarsh Nagar Junction in Andheri on 6 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-06 |title=Final I-girder of Mumbai Metro Line 2A launched |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/final-i-girder-of-mumbai-metro-line-2a-launched-7555448/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The stretch between Dhanukarwadi and Aarey received provisional approval from the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=Mumbai: Metro corridors 2A, 7 get RDSO provisional certificate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-corridors-2a-7-get-rdso-provisional-certificate-7746601/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) began inspecting the line in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-20 |title=Mumbai: CMRS starts inspection of Phase 1 of Metro corridors 2A and 7 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-cmrs-starts-inspection-of-phase-1-of-metro-corridors-2a-and-7-7781793/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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A section of Metro 2A from Dhanukarwadi to Dahisar East (along with the section of Line 7 from Dahisar East to [[Aarey metro station|Aarey]]) was opened on 2 April 2022. Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray flagged off the first train at 4pm in the presence of Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar, Urban Development Minister Eknath Shinde, NCP chief Sharad Pawar, and the Leader of Opposition in the Legislative Council, Pravin Darekar. The line opened for public service from 8pm, with services operating between Dahanukarwadi and Aarey (on Line 7) via Dahisar East.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Mumbai: Phase 1 of Metro Line 2A and 7 opened for public |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-8-pm-today-phase-1-of-metro-line-2a-7-to-be-thrown-open-to-public-7850274/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The remaining section of Metro 2A from Dhanukarwadi to DN Nagar received approval from the RDSO in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=Mumbai’s Metro Line 2A, 7 clear designs & standards testing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbais-metro-line-2a-7-clear-designs-standards-testing-8205247/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The CMRS began inspecting the line in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Supervision of Mumbai Metro Lines 2A and 7 by Commission of Metro Rail Safety underway |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/supervision-of-mumbai-metro-lines-2a-and-7-by-commission-of-metro-rail-safety-underway-8298070/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The final section of the line (along with the final section of Line 7 from [[Goregaon East metro station|Goregaon East]] to [[Gundavali metro station|Gundavali]]) was inaugurated on 19 January 2023, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-19 |title=PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Mumbai Metro lines 2A and 7; what you need to know about the new routes |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-narendra-modi-to-launch-mumbai-metro-line-2a-line-7-all-you-need-to-know-about-these-lines/articleshow/97130932.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-01-18 |title=PM Modi to inaugurate Mumbai Metro Rail Lines 2A and 7 on 19 January. 10 points |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-and-7-on-19-january-10-points-11674000421224.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
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===Metro 2B===<br />
Metro 2B is {{Cvt|23.643|km}} long and connects DN Nagar to Mankhurd with 20 stations.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=5 January 2017 |title=MMRDA invites bids for 2 metro projects |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mmrda-invites-bids-for-2-metro-projects-2289395 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108151249/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mmrda-invites-bids-for-2-metro-projects-2289395 |archive-date=8 January 2017 |access-date=10 February 2017 |website=dna}}</ref> The foundation stone for Metro 2B was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 24 December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=MMRDA invites civil work bids for two Metro projects|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mmrda-invites-civil-work-bids-for-two-metro-projects/articleshow/56341075.cms|website=The Times of India|date=5 January 2017 |access-date=10 February 2017|archive-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212043828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mmrda-invites-civil-work-bids-for-two-metro-projects/articleshow/56341075.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The MMRDA utilized a drone to carry out survey work for Metro 2B. The drones were fitted with a 360-degree camera that provides up to 3-millimeter accuracy. The aerial survey takes less time than a regular survey, achieves greater accuracy and helps protect against false claims for compensation.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2017 |title=MMRDA plans drone survey for other Metro lines |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-plans-drone-survey-for-other-metro-lines/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307021303/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-plans-drone-survey-for-other-metro-lines/ |archive-date=7 March 2017 |access-date=7 March 2017 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The MMRDA invited bids for civil work on Metro 2B on 4 January 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=MMRDA invites tenders for design, construction of stations, viaducts for new Metro routes|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-invites-tenders-for-design-construction-of-stations-viaducts-for-new-metro-routes-4459347/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=10 February 2017|date=5 January 2017|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081334/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrda-invites-tenders-for-design-construction-of-stations-viaducts-for-new-metro-routes-4459347/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Racing against 2021 deadline, Maharashtra opens bids for two more Metro lines|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/racing-against-2021-deadline-maharashtra-opens-bids-for-two-more-metro-lines/story-0HhFwTLQIr5UeF3sNNH5BL.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=10 February 2017|date=5 January 2017|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081207/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/racing-against-2021-deadline-maharashtra-opens-bids-for-two-more-metro-lines/story-0HhFwTLQIr5UeF3sNNH5BL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Metro 2B was divided into four packages - ESIC Nagar to Khira Nagar, Saraswat Nagar to ILFS, MTNL Metro to Chembur, and Diamond Garden to Mandale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai commute to get faster, firms queue up to build two more Metro lines|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-commute-to-get-faster-firms-queue-up-to-build-two-more-metro-lines/story-ZAP8eA2hCU82SYSh4yHyEJ.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=13 May 2017|date=13 May 2017|archive-date=14 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514021351/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-commute-to-get-faster-firms-queue-up-to-build-two-more-metro-lines/story-ZAP8eA2hCU82SYSh4yHyEJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Metro 2B was tendered alongside Metro 4. L&T, Afcons Infrastructure, Tata, NCC and JMC, Reliance Infrastructure-RdE, JKumar Group, ITD Cementation, CHEC-TPL bid for packages on both Metro 2B and Metro 4. Simplex Infrastructure and a consortium of GHEC-RCC-JV-China placed bids only for some packages of Metro 2B. A total of 10 firms and/or consortia submitted bids for the two lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=MMRDA receives interest from domestic, foreign firms for metro|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/mmrda-receives-interest-from-domestic-foreign-firms-for-metro-925216-2017-05-12|website=India Today|access-date=13 May 2017|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614172934/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/mmrda-receives-interest-from-domestic-foreign-firms-for-metro/1/952672.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=R Infra, 10 others bid for Metro-2B, Metro-4 corridors|url=http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/130517/r-infra-10-others-bid-for-metro-2b-metro-4-corridors.html|website=Asian Age|access-date=13 May 2017|date=13 May 2017|archive-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524003437/http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/130517/r-infra-10-others-bid-for-metro-2b-metro-4-corridors.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The MMRDA shortlisted 8 bidders for the contract to build the Mandale depot in November 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-29 |title=Metro 2B: Eight firms shortlisted for car depot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/metro-2b-eight-firms-shortlisted-for-car-depot-4959505/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Simplex Infrastructure was awarded a {{INRConvert|1080|c}} contract to build the first package of Metro 2B by the MMRDA on 13 November 2017. This included the design and construction of a 12&nbsp;km long viaduct and 11 elevated stations including ESIC Nagar, Prem Nagar, Indira Nagar, Old Airport, Khira Nagar, Saraswat Nagar, National College, Bandra (W), MMRDA Office, Income Tax Office, and BKC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Rachita |date=2017-11-13 |title=Simplex Infra bags Rs 1,080 crore Mumbai metro job |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/construction/simplex-infra-bags-rs-1080-crore-mumbai-metro-job/articleshow/61630610.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-14 |title=Simplex Infra to design, build first part of Metro 2B |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/simplex-infra-to-design-build-first-part-of-metro-2b-4936300/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A joint venture between RCC Infra Ventures and MBZ-Ukraine was awarded a {{INRConvert|521|c}} contract for the second package on 3 March 2018. This included the design and construction of a 5.9&nbsp;km long elevated viaduct, the Mandale car depot, and 6 metro stations including MTNL Metro, SG Barve Marg, Kurla Terminus, Kurla East, and Chembur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-04 |title=MMRDA appoints contractors for Mumbai’s Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mmrda-appoints-contractors-for-mumbai-s-wadala-thane-kasarvadavali-metro-4-corridor/story-A7iPCzfqa5R7UbstRI2jiP.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Construction began in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Metro 2B work in sensitive aerodrome area begins after court's clearance |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-metro-2b-work-in-sensitive-aerodrome-area-begins-after-courts-clearance |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> In March 2019, the MMRDA altered the alignment of the proposed route at BKC Road to avoid it passing in front of Shiv Sena president Uddhav Thackeray's residence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-12 |title=Mumbai Metro line 2B in BKC to shift for Thackerays' safety |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-metro-line-2b-in-bkc-to-shift-for-thackerays-safety-threatens-to-cause-delays-20551164 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On 4 February 2020, the MMRDA terminated the contract awarded to Simplex Infrastructure and the RCC-MBZ joint venture over the delay in completing the work. Simplex had completed 5% of the total work in 30 months, while it was scheduled to have completed 65%.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-05 |title=Mumbai: 2 companies sacked for Metro project delay; it's second time for Simplex |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/2-companies-sacked-for-metro-project-delay-its-second-time-for-simplex/articleshow/73947967.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-04 |title=MMRDA terminates contracts for Metro Line 2B over delays |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mmrda-terminates-contracts-for-metro-line-2b-over-delays/article30738184.ece |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> RCC-MBZ had only completed 4.46% of total work.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-23 |title=Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority appoints new contractor to complete unfinished Metro 2B work |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mmrda-appoints-new-contractor-to-complete-unfinished-metro-2b-work/articleshow/90384742.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The MMRDA awarded a {{INRConvert|1307.88|c}} to J Kumar Infraprojects to complete work on the first package in June 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Narendra |date=2021-05-31 |title=J Kumar wins contract worth INR 1308 crores for balance work of Mumbai Metro Line 2B |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/j-kumar-wins-contract-worth-inr-1308-crores-for-balance-work-of-mumbai-metro-line-2b/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Shalini |date=2021-06-01 |title=MMRDA awards Mumbai Metro order to Indian firm J Kumar Infraprojects |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/news/mmrda-j-kumar-infraprojects/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Railway Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> and a {{INRConvert|760|c}} contract to Nagarjuna Construction Company to complete work on the second package of Metro 2B in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: MMRDA appoints new contractor for BKC-Chembur Metro 2B work |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-mmrda-appoints-new-contractor-for-bkc-chembur-metro-2b-work |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> Construction resumed in March 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-05 |title=Mumbai: MMRDA resumes Metro 2B work, 'pillars to be up by 2024' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-mmrda-resumes-metro-2b-work-pillars-to-be-up-by-2024/articleshow/98420909.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> The MMRDA stated that 70% of work on the Mandale depot had been completed by the end of May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=Mumbai: 70 percent work of Mandale carshed of Metro 2B line completed |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/infrastructure/mumbai-70-percent-work-of-d.-n.-nagar-andheri-west-mandale-metro-2b-line-carshed-completed-78885 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Live |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Current status===<br />
====Metro 2B====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! rowspan="2" |Sr. no.<br />
! rowspan="2" |Name of work<br />
! rowspan="2" |Description<br />
! colspan="9" |Status as of <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2b#|title=Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - Metro Line - 2|website=mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926041030/https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2b|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
!<br />
|-<br />
!21 May 2019<br />
!22 November 2019<br />
!4 August 2020<br />
!15 September 2020<br />
!5 October 2020<br />
!4 January 2021<br />
!2 August 2021<br />
!27 January 2022<br />
!5 September 2022<br />
!25 September 2023<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Soil investigation works<br />
|Soil investigation work for pier foundation completed<br />
|55%<br />
|59.08%<br />
|68.60%<br />
|colspan="2"| 70.60%<br />
|72.86%<br />
|74.29%<br />
|82.86%<br />
|90.57%<br />
|100.00%<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Utility works<br />
|Work completed<br />
|23%<br />
|28.86%<br />
|40.22%<br />
|colspan="2"| 45.07%<br />
|45.25%<br />
|46.46%<br />
|57.21%<br />
|65.21%<br />
|94.31%<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Piling works<br />
|Piling work for foundations completed<br />
|7%<br />
|8.84%<br />
|23.15%<br />
|25.10%<br />
|26.62%<br />
|28.20%<br />
|33.95%<br />
|38.08%<br />
|49.46%<br />
|80.88%<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Pile cap works<br />
|Pile cap work completed<br />
|3%<br />
|4.08%<br />
|12.1%<br />
|12.4%<br />
|12.93%<br />
|16.15%<br />
|20.67%<br />
|30.96%<br />
|37.28%<br />
|79.18%<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Pier works<br />
|Piers cast<br />
|1.2%<br />
|1.45%<br />
|5.95%<br />
|colspan="2"| 6.73%<br />
|6.94%<br />
|14.25%<br />
|23.46%<br />
|33.31%<br />
|63.48%<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |6<br />
| rowspan="2" |Pier cap works<br />
|Casting<br />
| rowspan="2"! colspan="2"| Casting beds are under preparation.<br />
| 3.12%<br />
|colspan="2"| 3.92%<br />
|5.52%<br />
|6.60%<br />
|12.91%<br />
|24.36%<br />
|68.09%<br />
|-<br />
|Erection<br />
|1.88%<br />
|colspan="2"| 2.33%<br />
|2.39%<br />
|5.14%<br />
|10.85%<br />
|21.27%<br />
|59.47%<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |7<br />
| rowspan="2" |U girder works<br />
|Casting<br />
|0.7%<br />
|0.8%<br />
|6.22%<br />
|colspan="2"| 7.84%<br />
|7.91%<br />
|10.79%<br />
|11.96%<br />
|34.48%<br />
|58.08%<br />
|-<br />
|Erection<br />
| colspan="2"| Casting yard works are in progress<br />
|1.40%<br />
|colspan="2"| 1.64%<br />
|1.98%<br />
|3.93%<br />
|7.7%<br />
|20.69%<br />
|40.00%<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Station work<br />
|Work is in progress at some of the 22 stations.<br />
|Yet to start<br />
|Soil investigation and utility identification work is in progress. Foundation work yet to start.<br />
|Foundation (pile and pile cap) work is in progress at 5 stations. Substructure work yet to start.<br />
|colspan="4"| Foundation (pile and pile cap) work is in progress at 5 stations.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|Mandale depot works<br />
|Work completed<br />
| colspan="3"| <br />
|colspan="3"| 7.00%<br />
|11.15%<br />
|21.22%<br />
|40.06%<br />
|80.72%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stations==<br />
[[File:Kandarpada, Metro Station 01.jpg|thumb|Passenger information display and [[platform screen doors]] at [[Kandarpada metro station|Kandarpada]] station]]<br />
{{Rapid transit OSM map|stroke-width=3|system_qid=Q28419528|single_line=y|stations=y|stations_qid=Q28419528|frame-width=300|frame-height=420|frame-align=right}}<br />
<br />
There will be a total of 37 stations on Line 2. Metro 2A, from Dahisar to Andheri (West), has 17 stations. Metro 2B, from Andheri (West) to Mankhurd, will have 20 stations.<ref name="2A">{{cite web |url=https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2a# |title=Line 2A-Project Features-Stations |publisher=MMRDA |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005100404/https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2a |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2B">{{cite web |url=https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2b# |title=Line 2B-Project Features-Stations |publisher=MMRDA |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926041030/https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2b |url-status=live }}</ref> The MMRDA partnered with the bike-sharing app MBYK to provide a bicycle-sharing service at stations on the line.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-16 |title=Mumbai: You can now hire public bikes from Metro 2A, 7 stations |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/you-can-now-hire-public-bikes-from-metro-2a-7-stns/articleshow/92242292.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;<br />
|- bgcolor=#{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}<br />
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |'''<span style="color:black;">Yellow Line (Line 2A)</span>'''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | #<br />
! colspan="2" | Station<br />
! rowspan="2" |Interchange<br />
! rowspan="2" | Opened<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-05 |title=Mumbai Metro on fast track to hit 2025 completion goal |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-metro-races-against-time-to-meet-2025-deadline-23513407 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
! rowspan="2" | Alignment<br />
|-<br />
![[English language|English]]<br />
![[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahisar (East)}}<br />
|दहिसर (पूर्व)<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|red|croute}}<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Anand Nagar}}<br />
|आनंद नगर<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Kandarpada}}<br />
|कांदरपाडा<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Mandapeshwar}}<br />
|मंडपेश्वर<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Eksar}}<br />
|एकसर<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Borivali (West)}}<br />
|बोरीवली (पश्चिम)<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Shimpoli}}<br />
|शिंपोली<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Kandivli (West)}}<br />
|कांदिवली (पश्चिम)<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dahanukarwadi}}<br />
|डहाणूकरवाडी<br />
|<br />
|2 April 2022<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Valnai–Meeth Chowky}}<br />
|वळनई–मीठ चौकी<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Malad (West)}}<br />
|मालाड (पश्चिम)<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Lower Malad}}<br />
|लोअर मालाड<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bangur Nagar}}<br />
|बांगूर नगर<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Goregaon (West)}}<br />
|गोरेगाव (पश्चिम)<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Oshiwara}}<br />
|ओशिवरा<br />
|<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Lower Oshiwara}}<br />
|लोअर ओशिवरा<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|pink|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Andheri (West)}}<br />
|अंधेरी (पश्चिम)<br />
|[[File:Logo_of_Mumbai_Metro_Line_1.svg|link=Blue_Line_(Mumbai_Metro)|22x22px]] {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|blue|croute}}<br />
|19 January 2023<br />
|Elevated<br />
|- bgcolor=#{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}<br />
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |'''<span style="color:black;">Yellow Line (Line 2B)</span>'''<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Hare Ram Hare Krishna Mandir - Juhu}}<br />
|हरे राम हरे कृष्ण मंदिर - जुहू <br />
|<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Prem Nagar}}<br />
|प्रेम नगर<br />
|<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Indira Nagar (Vile Parle)}}<br />
|इंदिरा नगर (विलेपार्ले)<br />
|<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Nanavati Hospital}}<br />
|नानावटी रुग्णालय<br />
|<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Khira Nagar}}<br />
|खिरा नगर<br />
|{{rint|mumbai|s}} {{rcb|Mumbai Suburban Railway|Western|croute}}<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Saraswat Nagar}}<br />
|सारस्वत नगर<br />
|<br />
|December 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra}}<br />
|वांद्रे<br />
|{{rint|mumbai|s}} {{rcb|Mumbai Suburban Railway|Western|croute}}<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Income Tax Office}}<br />
|आयकर कार्यालय<br />
|[[File:Logo_of_Mumbai_Metro_Line_3.png|link=Aqua_Line_(Mumbai_Metro)|17x17px]] {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|aqua|croute}}<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|26<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|ILFS}}<br />
|आयएलएफएस<br />
|<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|MTNL}}<br />
|एमटीएनएल<br />
|<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|SG Barve Marg}}<br />
|एसजी बर्वे मार्ग<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|gold|croute}} ''(proposed)''<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Kurla (East)}}<br />
|कुर्ला (पूर्व)<br />
|<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Eastern Express Highway}}<br />
|पूर्व द्रुतगती महामार्ग<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|green|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Chembur}}<br />
|चेंबूर<br />
|{{rint|mumbai|monorail}} '''[[Chembur monorail station|Chembur]]'''<br />
|December 2027<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|32<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Deshbhakt N.G. Acharya Udyan-Diamond Garden, Chembur}}<br />
|देशभक्त ना.ग.आचार्य उद्यान-डायमंड गार्डन, चेंबूर<br />
|<br />
|8 April 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|33<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Chowk (Chembur)}}<br />
|छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज चौक (चेंबूर)<br />
|<br />
|8 April 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Deonar}}<br />
|देवनार<br />
|<br />
|8 April 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|35<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Mankhurd}}<br />
|मानखुर्द<br />
|{{rint|mumbai|s}} {{rcb|Mumbai Suburban Railway|Harbour|croute}}<br>{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|gold|croute}} ''(proposed)''<br />
|8 April 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|36<br />
|{{stl|Mumbai Metro|Maharashtranagar Mandale}}<br />
|महाराष्ट्रनगर मंडाळे<br />
|<br />
|8 April 2026<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-bgcolor = #{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}<br />
|colspan = "8"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Cost==<br />
Metro 2A was built at a cost of {{INRConvert|6410|c}}. The line was originally scheduled to open in October 2019 but was delayed, and completed in January 2023. The MMRDA stated that the delay escalated the project cost by about 7%.<ref name="The Times of India"/> The State Government bore 48% of the total project cost. The MMRDA secured a loan worth 52% of the total project cost from the [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB).<ref name="HT5"/> The MMRDA allotted {{INRConvert|340|c|nolink=yes}} to the DMRC to implement and commission rolling stock, signalling, and telecommunication work for the Metro 2A and Line 7 corridors on 26 November 2016.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 November 2016 |title=Consultant for MTHL finalized |website=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Consultant-for-MTHL-finalized/articleshow/55633793.cms |url-status=live |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127020202/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Consultant-for-MTHL-finalized/articleshow/55633793.cms |archive-date=27 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link: MMRDA approves appointment of general consultants |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-approves-appointment-of-general-consultants-4395612/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126152903/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-approves-appointment-of-general-consultants-4395612/ |archive-date=26 November 2016 |access-date=26 November 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=General consultant appointed for MTHL project |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-general-consultant-appointed-for-mthl-project-2276988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126151454/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-general-consultant-appointed-for-mthl-project-2276988 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |access-date=26 November 2016 |website=dna}}</ref><br />
<br />
Metro 2B is estimated to cost {{INR}}10,986 crore,<ref name="NDTV3" /><ref name="BS1" /> including the land acquisition cost of {{INR}}1,274 crore.<ref name="HT" /> Half of the project cost will be funded by the Centre and the State Government, while the remaining will be financed through loans from the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank.<br />
<br />
On 2 March 2019, the Union Ministry of Finance stated that it signed a $926 million loan agreement with the ADB to fund the construction of Lines 2 and 7. This was the single largest infrastructure loan ever extended by the ADB. The funds will be used to procure 63 six-car trainsets and for signalling and safety systems on both corridors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Development Bank To Lend $926 Million For Mumbai Metro Rail Project |url=https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-metro-rail-project-asian-development-bank-to-lend-926-million-for-metro-rail-project-2001512 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302223413/https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-metro-rail-project-asian-development-bank-to-lend-926-million-for-metro-rail-project-2001512 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Infrastructure==<br />
<br />
=== Rolling stock ===<br />
[[BEML]] was awarded a {{INRConvert|3015|c}} contract to supply 378 metro cars (63 trainsets) for Yellow Lineand Line 7 in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Narendra |date=2018-11-23 |title=BEML bags Rs.3,015 Crore Contract for Mumbai Metro Corridor |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/beml-bags-rs-3015-crore-contract-mumbai-metro-corridor/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref> Seven international manufacturers of rolling stock, such as [[Alstom]], [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] (later acquired by Alstom for the transportation division in 2021), [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]], [[CRRC]], [[Titagarh Rail Systems|Titagarh]], BEML, and [[Hyundai Rotem]], participated in the bid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=Rs.3,015 crore order bagged by BEML for Mumbai Metro Corridor - Make in India” initiatives of MOHUA |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=185919}}</ref> An additional 126 metro cars (21 trainsets) were ordered from BEML to cater to metro extensions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-01 |title=Mumbai: Manufacturing of coaches commences for Metro Lines 2A, 2B and 7 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-manufacturing-of-coaches-commences-for-metro-lines-2a-2b-and-7-21461164 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> All trainsets were manufactured at BEML's Rail Coach Factory in [[Bangalore]], Karnataka. The rakes are capable of driverless operation making them the first driverless metro trains to be made in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BEML delivers first India-made driverless metro cars to Mumbai Metro |url=https://www.domain-b.com/economy/infrastructure/railways/20190909_driverless_metro.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=domain-b.com}}</ref> BEML began manufacturing the coaches on 29 July 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-30 |title=BEML starts work on Mumbai metro cars |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/focus-bengaluru/beml-starts-work-on-mumbai-metro-cars-750626.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> built the first metro coach in 75 days and unveiled it in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=Mumbai Metro gets first ‘Make in India’ driverless metro cars with bi-cycle parking facility; details here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-mumbai-metro-gets-first-make-in-india-driverless-metro-cars-with-bi-cycle-parking-facility-details-here-1699824/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> The first trainset arrived in Mumbai on 28 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=Mumbai: 1st rake for Metro-2A arrives; CM to unveil it on Friday |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-1st-rake-for-metro-2a-arrives-cm-to-unveil-it-on-friday-101611818349133.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Each trainset is made up of 6 coaches with a total passenger capacity of 1,660 and dense crush load capacity of 2,092. The trainset is 3.2 metres wide, made of stainless steel and each coach has 4 doors on each side. The rake employs a regenerative braking system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BEML bags Rs3,015-cr order for Mumbai Metro Corridor |url=https://www.domain-b.com/industry/Engineering/20181123_order.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=domain-b.com}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
=== Depot ===<br />
The Charkop depot currently serves as the depot for Line 2A and Line 7.<ref name=":7" /> The Charkop depot is located on a 16.40 hectare site,<ref name="mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - Metro Line - 2 |url=https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005100404/https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/metro-line-2a |archive-date=5 October 2017 |access-date=2017-12-24 |website=mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in}}</ref> and has 20 stabling lines.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-28 |title=Metro Line 2A to use Charkop depot till work on Line 2B & Mandale depot is completed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/metro-line-2a-to-use-charkop-depot-till-work-on-line-2b-mandale-depot-is-completed-8347599/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The Charkop depot had 305 employees of which 30% were women (as of October 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-16 |title=At Mumbai Metro’s Charkop depot, women employees bridge the gender gap |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/at-mumbai-metros-charkop-depot-women-employees-bridge-the-gender-gap-8211659/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The depot for Yellow Line is proposed to be located on a 28 hectare site at Mandale, and is the largest metro depot in Mumbai. It has a double decker structure with 76 stabling lines.<ref name=":7" /> It is currently under construction and will serve Line 2A and 2B once completed.<br />
<br />
=== Signalling ===<br />
Yellow Line utilises the [[Alstom]] Urbalis 400 [[communications-based train control]] (CBTC) signalling system. Alstom was awarded a EUR90 million contract to supply the signalling and telecommunications systems for Mumbai Metro Yellow Lineand Line 7, as well as Pune Metro Line 1 and Line 7.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Alstom to provide state-of-the-art signalling system for Mumbai Metro and Pune Metro |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-alstom-to-provide-state-of-the-art-signalling-system-for-mumbai-metro-and-pune-metro-1534359/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alstom bags Rs 700 crore contracts from Mumbai, Pune metros |url=https://www.constructionweekonline.in/projects-tenders/9434-alstom-bags-rs-700-crore-contracts-from-mumbai-pune-metros |website=Construction Week |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Power ===<br />
Yellow Lineis electrified at [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz]] [[Alternating current|AC]], with power provided via an [[overhead catenary]]. The MMRDA signed an agreement with Adani Electricity Mumbai Limited to supply electricity to Metro 2A and Metro 7 on 2 December 2022. Around 120 million units is required to power both lines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-02 |title=Adani to supply power for MMRDA’s two new metro lines |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/adani-to-supply-power-for-mmrda-s-two-new-metro-lines-101669994104019.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Electricity to power Mumbai Metro Lines 2A & 7 connecting Andheri to Dahisar |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/adani-electricity-to-power-mumbai-metro-lines-2a-7-connecting-andheri-to-dahisar |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fare collection===<br />
A consortium of Indian company Datamatics and Italian company AEP Ticketing solutions S.R.L was awarded a {{INRConvert|160|c}} contract to implement the [[automated fare collection]] system for Yellow Lineand Line 7 in February 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Release |first1=Press |title=Datamatics wins AFC System contract for Mumbai Metro Line 2A, 2B & 7 |url=https://www.datamatics.com/press-release-list/datamatics-wins-automated-fare-collection-contract-for-mumbai-metro-line-2a-2b-and-7 |website=www.datamatics.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mahale |first1=Ajeet |title=MMRDA finalises firm for AFC on 3 Metro lines |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mmrda-finalises-firm-for-afc-on-3-metro-lines/article26207895.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=5 December 2022 |language=en-IN |date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Datamatics Wins Automated Fare Collection Contract for Mumbai Metro Line 2A, 2B and 7 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/datamatics-wins-automated-fare-collection-contract-for-mumbai-metro-line-2a-2b-and-7-119020800419_1.html |website=Business Standard India |access-date=5 December 2022 |date=8 February 2019|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 2=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Metro lines]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script&diff=522656Nāgarī script2026-04-23T04:23:39Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Abugida}}<br />
{{Infobox Writing system<br />
|name=Nāgarī<br />
|type=[[Abugida]]<br />
|sample=The word Nāgarī in the Nāgarī script.jpg<br />
|imagesize=250px<br />
|caption=The word ''Nāgarī'' in the Nāgarī script.<br />
|languages={{plainlist|<br />
*[[Sanskrit]]<br />
*[[Prakrit]]}}<br />
|time= 7th century CE<br />
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]<br />
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]<br />
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]] (debated)<br />
|fam4=[[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]<br />
|fam5=[[Gupta script|Gupta]]<br />
|fam6=[[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/epigraphyindianepigraphyrichardsalmonoup_908_D/mode/2up,p39-41 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Akshara Orthography 2019 p.27">Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019), p. 27</ref><ref name=daniels>{{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=P.T. |title=Writing systems of major and minor languages |date=January 2008}}</ref><ref name="masica">{{cite book |last1=Masica |first1=Colin |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |date=1993 |page=143}}</ref><br />
|sisters=[[Bengali-Assamese script]], [[Odia script]],<ref name="Akshara Orthography 2019 p.27"/> [[Nepalese scripts|Nepalese]]<br />
|children={{plainlist|<br />
*[[Devanagari]]<br />
*[[Kaithi]]<br />
*[[Nandinagari]]<br />
*[[Sylheti Nagri]]<br />
*[[Gujarati script|Gujarati]]<br />
*[[Modi script|Modi]]}}<br />
}}<br />
[[File:1st century Sravasti Bodhisattva, Epigraphical Hybrid Sanskrit, Saheth-Maheth, Uttar Pradesh India.jpg|thumb|260px|[[Shravasti]] [[Bodhisattva]] statue with 1st-century Brahmi script (first three lines) and 9th-century Nagari script (last line).<ref>Richard Salomon (1992), Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, p. 81</ref><ref>D.R. Sahni (1911), ''Sahet-Mahet plate of Govinda Chandra Samvat 1186'', Epigraphia Indica, Volume XI, pp. 20–26</ref> ]]<br />
{{brahmic}}<br />
The '''Nāgarī script''' is the ancestor of [[Devanagari]], [[Nandinagari]] and other variants, and was first used to write [[Prakrit]] and [[Sanskrit]]. The term is sometimes used as a synonym for Devanagari script.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tripathi |first=Kunjabihari |title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script |publisher=Utkal University |year=1962 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ |page=28 |quote="Northern Nāgarī (almost identical with modern Nagari)" |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name=kathleen>Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, {{ISBN|978-1615301492}}, page 83</ref><ref name="Danesh Jain 2003">George Cardona and Danesh Jain (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415772945}}, pages 68-69</ref> It came in vogue during the first millennium CE.<ref name=nagari>{{cite book|chapter=Devanagari through the ages |title=India Central Hindi Directorate (Instituut voor Toegepaste Sociologie te Nijmegen)|year=1967|location=University of California}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Nāgarī script has roots in the ancient [[Brahmi script]] family.<ref name="Danesh Jain 2003"/> The Nāgarī script was in regular use by 7th century CE, and had fully evolved into Devanagari and Nandinagari scripts by about the end of first millennium of the common era.<ref name=kathleen/><ref>Richard Salomon (2014), Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195356663}}, pages 33-47</ref><ref>Pandey, Anshuman. (2017). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17162-nandinagari.pdf ''Final proposal to encode Nandinagari in Unicode''.]</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Nagari is a [[vṛddhi]] derivation from [[wikt:नगर|नगर]] ({{Transliteration|hi|ISO|nagara}}), which means city.<ref>Monier Williams Online Dictionary, [http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html nagara], Cologne Sanskrit Digital Lexicon, Germany</ref><br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
The Nāgarī script appeared in India after 600 CE as a northwestern variant of the [[Gupta script]]. In turn it branched off into several scripts, including [[Devanagari]], (meaning "heavenly Nagari".by the 11th century.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ywo0M9OpbXoC&pg=PA110&dq=nagari+script+gupta&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje39vmh_qSAxURF1kFHQqfGEUQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=nagari ''History of Writing'', by Steven R. Fischer, Reaktion Books, 2003, p. 110]</ref><br />
<br />
==Usage outside India==<br />
{{Further|Sanskrit epigraphy}}<br />
<br />
The 7th century Tibetan king [[Songtsen Gampo]] ordered that all foreign books be transcribed into the Tibetan language, and sent his ambassador Tonmi Sambota to India to acquire alphabetic and writing methods, who returned with a Sanskrit Nāgarī script from Kashmir corresponding to twenty-four (24) Tibetan sounds and innovating new symbols for six (6) local sounds.<ref>William Woodville Rockhill, {{Google books|avFDAQAAMAAJ|Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution|page=671}}, United States National Museum, page 671</ref><br />
<br />
The museum in Mrauk-u ([[Mrohaung]]) in the [[Rakhine state]] of [[Myanmar]] held in 1972 two examples of Nāgarī script. Archaeologist [[Aung Thaw]] describes these inscriptions, associated with the [[Chandra dynasty|Chandra, or Candra]], dynasty that first hailed from the ancient Indian city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesáli]]:<ref>{{cite book |author1=Aung Thaw |author1-link=Aung Thaw |title=Historical sites in Burma |date=1972 |publisher=Ministry of Union Culture, Government of the Union of Burma |location=Rangoon |oclc=65722346|language=en}}</ref> <br />
{{blockquote|... epigraphs in mixed Sanskrit and Pali in North-eastern Nāgarī script of the 6th century dedicated by [Queen] Niti Candra and [King] Vira Candra<br />
|author= [[Aung Thaw]]<br />
|source= Historical sites in Burma (1972) }}<br />
<br />
<gallery class="center" widths="120px" heights="200px"><br />
File:Copper plates NMND-1.JPG|Coppern plates in Nāgarī script, 1035 CE<br />
File:Nagari Script 01.jpg|Nagari Script 01<br />
File:Nagari Script 02.jpg|Nagari Script 02<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Nandinagari]]<br />
*[[Sylheti Nagri]]<br />
*[[Eastern Nagari]]<br />
*[[Lipi (script)|Lipi]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{List of writing systems |Abugidas}}<br />
{{Sanskrit}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagari Script}}<br />
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanimozhi_N._V._N._Somu&diff=508214Kanimozhi N. V. N. Somu2026-04-19T22:22:56Z<p>Harryson3545: New Details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Kanimozhi NVN Somu<br />
| image =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|10|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start = 27 September 2021<br />
| term_end = 2 April 2026<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = <br />
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Kilpauk Medical College]], [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute]]<br />
| profession = Doctor<br />
| relations = [[N. V. Natarajan]]<br />
| father = [[N. V. N. Somu]]<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Dr Kanimozhi NVN Somu''' is an Indian politician. She was a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Tamil Nadu]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] as a member of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/dmk-candidates-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-tamil-nadu-1034836.html | title=DMK candidates elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Tamil Nadu | publisher=Deccan Herald | work=ETB Sivapriyan | date=27 September 2021 | accessdate=28 September 2021}}</ref> She is the State Medical Wing Secretary and spokesperson of the party. She is a Doctor, having done her MBBS at [[Kilpauk Medical College]] and Master of Surgery (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from the [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute]]. She is the Founder and Chief Consultant of Thaaimai Hospital located at TTK ROAD, Alwarpet, Chennai and Thaaimai Fertility and Research Centre located at Gopalapuram, Chennai.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2021/09/14135733/1318069/CM-Stalin-announces-Kanimozhi-NVN-Somu-and-KRN-Rajesh-.vpf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914152427/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2021/09/14135733/1318069/CM-Stalin-announces-Kanimozhi-NVN-Somu-and-KRN-Rajesh-.vpf | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 September 2021 | title=Stalin chooses Kanimozhi NVN Somu, KRN Rajesh Kumar as DMK candidates for Rajya Sabha bypolls | publisher=Dtnext | date=14 September 2021 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mgmhealthcare.in/mgm-members/dr-kanimozhi-nvn-somu/ | title=Dr Kanimozhi NVN Somu | work=MGM | publisher=MGM Healthcare | accessdate=14 September 2021 | archive-date=14 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914152429/https://mgmhealthcare.in/mgm-members/dr-kanimozhi-nvn-somu/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dmk-announces-kanimozhi-somu-and-krn-rajeshkumar-candidates-rajya-sabha-155271 | title=DMK announces Kanimozhi Somu and KRN Rajeshkumar as candidates to Rajya Sabha | publisher=The NewsMinute | date=14 September 2021 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/dmk-announces-candidates-for-rajya-sabha-by-polls-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/86194479.cms | title=DMK announces candidates for Rajya Sabha bypolls in Tamil Nadu | work=Shanmughasundaram J| publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=14 September 2021 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/210416/tn-assembly-polls-know-your-candidates.html | title=TN Assembly polls: Know your candidates | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | date=21 April 2016 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/dr-kanimozhi-is-the-daughter-of-former-dmk-mp-nvn-somu-062430.html | title=சுஜா வருணிக்கு பிரசவம் பார்த்த டாக்டர் கனிமொழி.. யாருன்னு தெரியுதா? | publisher=Tamil Filmbeat | date=24 August 2019 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/090516/kanimozhi-s-dharmika-commitment-to-t-nagar.html | title=Kanimozhi's 'Dharmika commitment' to T Nagar | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | date=9 May 2016 | accessdate=14 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somu, Kanimozhi NVN}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:1973 births]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Naina_Deviji_Assembly_constituency&diff=537059Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:35:26Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Sri Naina Deviji<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 49<br />
| map_image = 49-Sri Naina Deviji constituency.svg<br />
| mla = [[Randhir Sharma]]<br />
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:75176}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]]. [[Naina Devi]] is also part of [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/shimla-rural.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= October 31, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= October 31, 2017 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!Picture<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br />
| [[Randhir Sharma]]||<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]] <br />
| [[Ram Lal Thakur]]<ref name=election2017/> ||<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| [[Randhir Sharma]] ||<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Naina Deviji}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Randhir Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,403 |percentage=47.23% |change={{increase}}0.10 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ram Lal Thakur]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=29,232|percentage=46.96%|change={{decrease}}1.99}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Deepak Kumar|party=Rashtriya Devbhumi Party|votes=2,114|percentage=3.40%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Narinder Singh|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=653|percentage=1.05%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhag Singh|party=Communist Party of India|votes=627|percentage=1.01%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=225|percentage=0.36%|change={{decrease}}0.47}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=171 |percentage=0.27% |change= {{decrease}}1.54 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=62,254|percentage=82.81%|change={{decrease}}1.97}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,176 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.94 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.71 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Naina Deviji<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ram Lal Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,119 |percentage=48.94% |change={{increase}}3.11 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Randhir Sharma]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=27,077|percentage=47.13%|change={{decrease}}1.44}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=477|percentage=0.83%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ramesh Chand|party=Independent politician|votes=382|percentage=0.66%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Balak Ram Sharma|party=All India Forward Bloc|votes=357|percentage=0.62%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sukh Ram Thakur|party=Independent politician|votes=314|percentage=0.55%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,042 |percentage=1.81% |change= {{decrease}}0.92 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=57,452|percentage=84.78%|change={{increase}}2.41}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,763 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.22 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.37 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Naina Deviji}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Randhir Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,598 |percentage=48.57% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ram Lal Thakur]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=23,213|percentage=45.84%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Krishan Kumar|party=Communist Party of India|votes=1,117|percentage=2.21%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hoshiar Singh|party=Independent politician|votes=805|percentage=1.59%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Puran Chand Bhatia|party=Independent politician|votes=508|percentage=1.00%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhola Ram|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=340|percentage=0.67%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,385 |percentage=2.73% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=50,642|percentage=82.38%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,477 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Naina Devi]]<br />
* [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|31.64|76.82|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandan_Kumar_Choudhary&diff=493307Chandan Kumar Choudhary2026-04-19T01:57:16Z<p>Harryson3545: added new bio v1!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Chandan Kumar Choudhary<br />
| native_name = चंदन कुमार चौधरी<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| office1 = Municipal Councillor, Sangam Vihar-A<br />
| term_start1 = 7 December 2022<br />
| term_end1 = 08 February 2025<br />
| constituency1 = Sangam Vihar-A (Ward No. 163)<br />
| known_for = Winning the [[2022 Delhi Municipal Corporation election]]<br />
| office = Member of [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 08 February 2025<br />
| constituency = [[Sangam Vihar Assembly constituency|Sangam Vihar]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]<br />
| successor =<br />
| website = https://www.chandanchoudhary.in/ <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chandan Kumar Choudhary''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). In 2022, he was elected as a Councillor from the Sangam Vihar-A ward in the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]] election. In 2025, he was elected as a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from the Sangam Vihar constituency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi Assembly Election 2025: BJP Announces Candidates |url=https://example.com/bjp-candidates-delhi-2025 |website=News Portal |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 December 2022 |title=Sangam Vihar-A ward LIVE results: BJP Candidate Chandan Kumar Choudhary Wins in Ward No.163 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/sangam-vihar-a-ward-live-results-leading-trailing-won-lost-in-ward-no-163-6546037.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210201544/https://www.news18.com/news/elections/sangam-vihar-a-ward-live-results-leading-trailing-won-lost-in-ward-no-163-6546037.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chandan Kumar Choudhary(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- 163-SANGAM VIHAR-A(SOUTH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Delhi2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=6255 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210201546/https://myneta.info/Delhi2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=6255 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=myneta.info}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Sangam Vihar">{{cite news |date=8 February 2025 |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Sangam Vihar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0549.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208115232/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0549.htm |archive-date=8 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Choudhary entered active politics through the BJP's Delhi unit and played a role in local governance. His electoral success in the 2022 MCD elections helped BJP retain its presence in the municipal body. As an MCD Councillor, he focused on local civic issues, sanitation, and infrastructure development in his ward.<br />
<br />
In 2025, the BJP announced him as the candidate for Sangam Vihar in the Delhi Assembly elections against candidates from Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and Indian National Congress (INC) and won.<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi BJP finalizes candidates for 2025 election |url=https://example.com/delhi-bjp-assembly-2025 |website=Political News |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Electoral history ==<br />
* 2022 Delhi Municipal Corporation election – Elected as MCD Councillor from Sangam Vihar-A (Ward No. 163)<br />
* 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election – BJP MLA from Sangam Vihar<ref name="Sangham Vihar Election Result: BJP's Chandan Kumar Choudhary Wins">{{cite news |title=Sangham Vihar Election Result: BJP's Chandan Kumar Choudhary Wins |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/sangham-vihar-election-result-bjps-chandan-kumar-choudhary-wins |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=TimelineDaily |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208115054/https://timelinedaily.com/elections/sangham-vihar-election-result-bjps-chandan-kumar-choudhary-wins |archive-date=8 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Chandan Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aizawl_North_1_Assembly_constituency&diff=485057Aizawl North 1 Assembly constituency2026-04-18T23:39:32Z<p>Harryson3545: Added new entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Mizoram legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Aizawl North 1<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram (Aizawl North 1 highlighted).png<br />
| constituency_no = 10<br />
| state = [[Mizoram]]<br />
| district = [[Aizawl district|Aizawl]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]<br />
| established = 1987<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[Vanlalhlana]]<br />
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:20216}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Aizawl North 1''' is one of the 40 [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |work=ECI |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215221429/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=elections.in>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/mizoram/assembly-constituencies|title=Mizoram Assembly Constituency List|publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is part of [[Aizawl district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled tribes]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1987]] <br />
| [[Lalhlimpuii]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1989]] <br />
| [[Rosangliana]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br />
| [[Lalhmingthanga]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1998]] <br />
| rowspan=2|[[Lalzama]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Mizo National Front|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2003 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br />
| rowspan=2|[[R. Romawia]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br />
| rowspan=2|[[Vanlalhlana]]<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Zoram People's Movement|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2023===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 1}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Vanlalhlana<br />
|party = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = R. Lalzirliana<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Lalnunmawia Chuaungo<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = <br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 1<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9687-mizoram-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Vanlalhlana]]<br />
|party = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|votes = 7094<br />
|percentage = 40.09<br />
|change = {{decrease}}21.26<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lalringliana<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 5929<br />
|percentage = 33.51<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = C. Lalhlimpuia<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 3595<br />
|percentage = 20.32<br />
|change = {{decrease}}16.76<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lalruatfeli Hlawndo<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|votes = 700<br />
|percentage = 3.96<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = David Lalfakzuala<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 225<br />
|percentage = 1.27<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.42<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Vanlalruata<br />
|party = PRISM<br />
|votes = 77<br />
|percentage = 0.44<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 74<br />
|percentage = 0.42<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.29<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1165<br />
|percentage = 6.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 17694<br />
|percentage = 76.50<br />
|change = {{decrease}}2.59<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2013 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 1<ref name=Miz2013>{{cite web |url= http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |title= Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |publisher= Election Commission of India |access-date= 8 October 2021 |archive-date= 15 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[R. Romawia]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 5970<br />
|percentage = 37.08<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.29<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Vanlalhlana]]<br />
|party = Mizoram People's Conference<br />
|votes = 5313<br />
|percentage = 33.00<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = C. Lalmalsawma<br />
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party<br />
|votes = 4564<br />
|percentage = 28.35<br />
|change = {{increase}}4.81<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = David Lalfakzuala<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 137<br />
|percentage = 0.85<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 115<br />
|percentage = 0.71<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 657<br />
|percentage = 4.11<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 16099<br />
|percentage = 79.09<br />
|change = {{increase}}1.89<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2008===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 1<ref name="eci">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3666-mizoram-2008/ |title=Mizoram 2008 - Mizoram - Election Commission of India |date= |author= |accessdate= 8 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[R. Romawia]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 4948<br />
|percentage = 36.89<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Lalzama]]<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 3911<br />
|percentage = 29.16<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Vanlalhruaia<br />
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party<br />
|votes = 3158<br />
|percentage = 23.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = M. Lalmanzuala<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|votes = 1158<br />
|percentage = 8.63<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Chawngroliana<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|votes = 155<br />
|percentage = 1.16<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lalsailova Sailo<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|votes = 84<br />
|percentage = 0.63<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1037<br />
|percentage = 7.73<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 13414<br />
|percentage = 77.2<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box new seat win|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Mizoram}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23.757|92.728|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Aizawl district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Aizawl]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1987]]<br />
[[Category:1987 establishments in Mizoram]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangrol,_Surat_Assembly_constituency&diff=515931Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:34:57Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding New Article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}<br />
{{about|the constituency in Surat district|the constituency in Junagadh district|Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Mangrol<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 156<br />
| state = Gujarat<br />
| district = [[Surat district|Surat]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bardoli Lok Sabha constituency|Bardoli]]<br />
| established = 1972<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[Ganpat Vasava]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:225733}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Mangrol''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Surat district|Surat]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br />
<br />
== List of segments ==<br />
This assembly seat represents the following segments :<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref><br />
<br />
# Mangrol [[Taluka]]<br />
# [[Umarpada]] Taluka<br />
<br />
== Member of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{{expand list|date=June 2025}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!Picture<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br />
|rowspan=5| [[Ganpat Vasava]] ||rowspan=5|[[File:Ganpatsinh Vasava.jpg|75px]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/><br />
<br />
|- <br />
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
<!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA--><section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/> <br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]:Mangrol, Surat}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 93,669<br />
|percentage = 55.69<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Snehalkumar Ramsing Vasava|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=42,246|percentage=25.12|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chaudhari Anilbhai Sumanbhai|party=Indian National Congress|votes=26,718|percentage=15.89|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=3,111|percentage=1.85|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=39.8|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:220,316}} <br />
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022" /><br />
<br />
===2017===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Mangrol (Surat)<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 91,114<br />
|percentage = 58.38<br />
|change = +1.95<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Nansingbhai Nandariabhai Vasava<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 50,315<br />
|percentage = 32.24<br />
|change = -2.04<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Uttambhai Somabhai Vasava<br />
|party = Bharatiya Tribal Party<br />
|votes = 7,183<br />
|percentage = 4.60<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Jagatsinh Laljibhai Vasava<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|votes = 2,569<br />
|percentage = 1.65<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 40,799<br />
|percentage = 26.14<br />
|change = +3.99<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,56,079<br />
|percentage = 77.74<br />
|change = -3<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2012===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangrol<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |archive-date=26 November 2013|date= |author= |access-date= 1 June 2021 |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 79,255<br />
|percentage = 56.43<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Tejasbhai Chaudhari<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 48,149<br />
|percentage = 34.28<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 31,106<br />
|percentage = 22.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,40,452<br />
|percentage = 80.74<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2007===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangrol}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 64,357<br />
|percentage = 50.55<br />
|change = +4.89<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Ramanbhai Kansarbhai Chaudhari<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 51,458<br />
|percentage = 40.42<br />
|change = +3.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Sureshbhai Vasava<br />
|party = IND<br />
|votes = 5,739<br />
|percentage = 4.51<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Hemantbhai Vasava<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|votes = 3,633<br />
|percentage = 2.85<br />
|change = -9.79<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Chhanabhai Vasava<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 2,134<br />
|percentage = 1.68<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = 10.13<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,27,321<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2002===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Mangrol}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 51,227<br />
|percentage = 45.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Ramanbhai Kansarbhai Chaudhari<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 41,643<br />
|percentage = 37.12<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Anilbhai Bhagat<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|votes = 14,179<br />
|percentage = 12.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Vikrambhai Vasava<br />
|party = Bharatiya Navshakti Party<br />
|votes = 5,132<br />
|percentage = 4.57<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = 8.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,12,181<br />
|percentage = 68.24<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|21.47|73.15|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Surat district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]<br />
[[Category:1972 establishments in Gujarat]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Rama_Bantu&diff=537070Sri Rama Bantu2026-04-15T19:55:19Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sri Rama Bantu<br />
| image = Sri Rama Bantu.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = I. N. Murthy<br />
| producer = [[Y. V. Rao (producer and journalist)|Y. V. Rao]]<br />
| writer = N Sambandam <br>[[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]]<br>[[Mohan Babu]]<br>Hari Prasad<br />
| music = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]<br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1979|8|3}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sri Rama Bantu''''' is a 1979 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film starring [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Mohan Babu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starhomes/chiranjeevi/filmography.html|title=Chiranjeevi movie list - Telugu Cinema hero}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chiranjeeviblog.com/filmography/chiranjeevi-filmography.html|title = Chiranjeevi Filmography|date = 5 July 2010}}</ref> It was produced by [[Y. V. Rao (producer and journalist)|Y. V. Rao]] and was commercially successful.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Vinayaka Rao |date=8 July 2009 |title=నిర్మాతగా రాణించిన ఫిలిం జర్నలిస్టు వై. వి. రావు |trans-title=Y. V. Rao, a film journalist who excelled as a producer |url=http://telugucinemacharitra.com/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF/ |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=Navya |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothy]] |page=30 |via=Telugu Cinema Charitra |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310182003/http://telugucinemacharitra.com/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Raghuram<br />
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Seetha<br />
* [[Mohan Babu]] as Nagaraju<br />
* [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Balaraju<br />
* [[J. V. Ramana Murthi|Ramana Murthy]] as Ramadasu<br />
* [[Arja Janardhana Rao]] as [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]]<br />
* [[Nagesh]] as [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]]<br />
* [[Prabhakar Reddy]] as Rahim<br />
* [[Potti Veeraiah]] as Nagaraju's henchman<br />
* [[Pemmasani Ramakrishna]] as Gangulu<br />
* [[Ceylon Manohar]] as Jacky<br />
* Hari Prasad as Mohan<br />
* [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Chalapathi Rao<br />
* [[Kalpana Rai]] as Durgamma<br />
* K.V. Chalam as Panchayathi Member<br />
* [[Potti Prasad]] as Panchayathi Member<br />
* [[Jayamalini]]<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Track listing <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Seethamma Siggupadindi<br />
| extra1 = P. Susheela<br />
| length1 =<br />
<br />
| title2 = Na Menatha Kodaka<br />
| extra2 = S. Janaki<br />
| length2 =<br />
<br />
| title3 = Ramabantu Nene<br />
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br />
| length3 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
{{empty section|date=October 2019}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0246251}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1979 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Satyam (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:1979 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]<br />
{{1970s-Telugu-film-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh_Assembly_constituency&diff=495033Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:21:14Z<p>Harryson3545: added initial post and citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Distinguish|Cumbum Assembly constituency}}{{short description|Defunct Legislative Assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
|name = Cumbum<br />
|district = [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]<br />
|state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|electors = {{formatnum:135131}}<ref name=election2004/><br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]]<br />
|established = 1951<br />
|abolished = 2008<br />
|reservation = None<br />
|type= SLA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Cumbum''' was one of the 294 [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation1976/> It was in [[Prakasam district]] and was dissolved before the 2009 elections. Most of its area is now part of the [[Giddalur Assembly constituency]].<br />
<br />
== History of the constituency ==<br />
<br />
The Cumbum constituency was first created for the [[Madras State]] [[Madras Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] in 1952.<ref>name=delimitation1951>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1951 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=23 August 1951 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It was dissolved in the 1955 elections due to the passing of the Delimitation Commission of 1952, which was created due to the ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1951''.<ref>name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020}}</ref> Justice [[N. Chandrasekhara Aiyar|N Chandrasekhara Aiyar]], a retired justice of the Supreme Court, was its chairman in 1953.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/2_ncaiyar.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105824/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/2_ncaiyar.htm |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice N. Chandrasekhara Aiyar}}</ref> After the passing of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], it became a part of the new [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm |title=Seventh Amendment |publisher=Indiacode.nic.in |access-date=2011-11-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501011646/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm |archive-date=1 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.e.1955.458/page/n3/mode/2up|title=Extraordinary Gazette of India, 1955, No. 458|date=14 January 1955}}</ref> After the passing of the ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976'', its extent was the Cumbum and Ardhaveedu firkas in Giddalur taluk; and Podili taluk (excluding Podili and Marripudi firkas) and Thimmareddipalli firka in Kanigiri taluk.<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
The ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008'' abolished the constituency and hence was defunct as of the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Yerragondapalem Assembly constituency]] was newly formed as part of the ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008'' and active from the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> after dissolving the Cumbum Assembly Constituency<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative assembly ==<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|+[[Madras State]]<br />
!Year<br />
!MLA<br />
!colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|[[Pidathala Ranga Reddy]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The constituency did not exist between 1955 and 1976.<br />
<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|+[[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
!Year<br />
!MLA<br />
!colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
| Kandula Obula Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
| Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color| Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| Vudumula Venkata Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
| Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br />
| Chappidi Vengaiah<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<ref name="election1999" /><br />
| Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<ref name=election2004/><br />
| Vudumula Srinivasulu Reddy<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 February 2022}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Vudumula Srinivasulu Reddy ]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=52,738|percentage=52.62% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chegireddy Linga Reddy]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=45,116 |percentage=45.01% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,622 |percentage=7.60% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,360 |percentage=74.27% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,131 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress|loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4052-andhra-pradesh-1999/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 1999 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 15 February 2022}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=59,615|percentage=59.41% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chappidi Vengaiah]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=39,717 |percentage=39.58% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,898 |percentage=19.83% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=102,898|percentage=70.83% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,266|change = }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1994 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chappidi Vengaiah]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=44,294 |percentage=50.64% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=39,913|percentage=45.63% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,381 |percentage=5.01% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,372 |percentage=71.77% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,528 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress|swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=58,356 |percentage=63.16% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Vudumula Venkata Reddy]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=32,523 |percentage=35.20% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,833 |percentage=27.96% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,463|percentage=67.80% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,320|change = }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress|loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Vudumula Venkata Reddy]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=39,089 |percentage=50.08% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kandula Nagarjuna]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=36,093|percentage=46.24% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,996 |percentage=3.84% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=79,087 |percentage=68.79% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,970 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1983 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kandula Nagarjuna Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=35,660 |percentage=50.33% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vudumula Venkata Reddy]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=33,082|percentage=46.69% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,578 |percentage=3.64% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,145 |percentage=66.29% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,834 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Indian National Congress (I) |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kandula Obula Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress (I) |votes=33,191 |percentage=45.51% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mohammed Sharief Shaik]] |party= Janata Party |votes=26,712 |percentage=36.62% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,479 |percentage=8.88% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,751 |percentage=71.39% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,715 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win|winner= Indian National Congress (I) ||loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1952 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Cumbum<ref name=election1951>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pidathala Ranga Reddy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,468 |percentage=39.37 |change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adapala Ramaswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=17,144 |percentage=30.04}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kandula Obula Reddy |party=Krishikar Lok Party |votes=15,235 |percentage=26.70}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suggam Purushotham |party=Socialist Party |votes=2,220 |percentage=3.89}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,324 |percentage=9.33 |change=}} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,067 |percentage=66.50 |change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,818}} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Prakasam district]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Coord|15.58|79.11|display=title}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Prakasam district]]<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br />
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neila_Sathyalingam&diff=521598Neila Sathyalingam2026-04-11T09:24:15Z<p>Harryson3545: added new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Singaporean classical Indian dancer (1938–2017)}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Neila Sathyalingam<br />
| caption = Neila {{circa}} 1944<br />
| native_name = நீலா சத்யலிங்கம்<br />
| image = Neila Sathyalingam c. 1944 (cropped).png<br />
| birth_name = Neela Balendra<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1938|2|8|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Colombo]], Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|3|9|1938|2|8|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = Singapore<br />
| death_cause = <br />
| known_for = Receiving the [[Cultural Medallion]] for dance (1989)<br />
| education = [[Kalakshetra]] (1956–1958, 1969–1971)<br />
| employer = <br />
| occupation = [[Classical Indian dance]]r, choreographer and instructor<br />
| title = Srimathi<br />
| spouse = Sathyalingam Suntharalingam<br />
| children = 5<br />
| website = [http://www.apsarasarts.com www.apsarasarts.com]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Neila Sathyalingam''' (8 February 1938<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/oral_history_interviews/record-details/4b9f89cb-0749-11e4-a330-0050568939ad |title=TAN, Richard Swee Guan 陈瑞源 |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328102523/http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/oral_history_interviews/record-details/4b9f89cb-0749-11e4-a330-0050568939ad |url-status=live }}</ref> – 9 March 2017) was a Singaporean [[classical Indian dance]]r, choreographer and instructor of [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] origin. An alumna of [[Kalakshetra]] in Madras (now [[Chennai]]) under the tutelage of Srimathi [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]], she emigrated with her family to Singapore in 1974. In 1977 she and her husband founded the performance arts company Apsaras Arts, which has staged performances throughout the world. She was the company's artistic director and continued to teach dance.<br />
<br />
In 1983, Neila was appointed the dance instructor and choreographer for the Indian Dance Group of the [[People's Association]] (PA)—a state board in Singapore—where she remained a resident choreographer. She was also an artistic adviser to Singapore's [[National Arts Council Singapore|National Arts Council]]. For her contributions to dance, Neila was awarded the Singaporean [[Cultural Medallion]] in 1989. She became a [[Singaporean nationality law|Singapore citizen]] in 1994.<br />
<br />
Neila's interactions with choreographers and dancers of different cultural backgrounds and traditions in Singapore inspired her to create new Indian dance steps based on classical foundations; for instance, her dance-drama ''Kannagi'', staged for the Singapore Festival of Arts in 1998, was said to have stretched tradition to its limits and offered something to a range of audiences far wider than a traditional dance-drama would have done. Up to 2007, Neila had choreographed dance segments for the last 13 [[Chingay Parade]]s, street parades held annually in Singapore as part of [[Chinese New Year]] festivities.<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
The second of four daughters of a well-to-do dental surgeon and a housewife,<ref name="ST">{{cite news|last=Tay|first=Michelle|title=The Monday Interview : A Dance with Destiny|publisher=[[The Straits Times]] (Life!)|date=20 August 2007|page=L4}}</ref><ref name="Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)">Neila's mother's name was Manonmany Balendra: {{cite web|last=Peiris|first=Roshan|title=Dancing Since Seven|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/980830/plus9.html|publisher=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]]|date=30 August 1998|access-date=22 August 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020233008/http://sundaytimes.lk/980830/plus9.html|archive-date=20 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Neila Balendra was born in 1938 in [[Colombo]], Ceylon (now [[Sri Lanka]]). She began dancing at the age of five, and trained in the [[classical Indian dance]] traditions of ''[[Bharatanatyam]]'', ''[[Kathak]]'', ''[[Kathakali]]'' and ''[[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]'' at the Shanti Kumar School of Dance and the Kalaya School of Dance in Colombo. In 1954, she won the gold medal at the All-Ceylon Dance Festival and was selected to perform for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<ref name="Infopedia">{{cite web|author=Nureza Ahmad|title=Neila Sathyalingam|url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|publisher=Singapore Infopedia, [[National Library Board]]|date=25 August 2004|access-date=22 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930025412/http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|archive-date=30 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> when the Queen visited Sri Lanka in April 1954 during her tour of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] after acceding to the throne. Neila has said: "That was the day I decided I was going to devote my life to dance. My father wanted me to become a dental surgeon, but I refused".<ref name="ST"/><br />
[[File:Rukmini Devi.jpg|thumb|Neila Sathyalingam trained under the legendary ''[[Bharatanatyam]]'' danseuse [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]], photographed here in 1940.]]<br />
At 18, she enrolled in [[Kalakshetra]], a cultural academy located in Madras (now [[Chennai]]) which was established to preserve traditional values in [[Indian art]] and reputed to be one of the best dance institutions in India,<ref name="Infopedia"/> under the tutelage of Srimathi [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]] (1904–1986).<ref name="Apsaras Arts">{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.apsarasarts.com/about_us.htm|publisher=Apsaras Arts|access-date=22 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928181719/http://www.apsarasarts.com/about_us.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> She lived a regimented lifestyle, living in a thatched house with "snakes above and rats running below" and waking at 4:30am for dance practice every day. She completed her five-year course in two years,<ref name="ST"/> graduating with a first-class honours diploma in ''Bharatanatyam'' in 1957.<ref name="Infopedia"/><br />
<br />
Neila met her husband, Sathyalingam Suntharalingam,<ref>According to a 20 August 2007 article in the [[The Straits Times|Straits Times]], Sathyalingam Suntharalingam was 78 years old in 2007: {{cite news|last=Tay|first=Michelle|title=The Monday Interview : A Dance with Destiny|publisher=[[The Straits Times]] (Life!)|date=20 August 2007|page=L4}}</ref> at Kalakshetra. The son of a Sri Lankan politician, [[C. Suntharalingam]], he had graduated from the [[University of Madras]] with a ''Sangitha Sironmani'' (Degree in Music) and from Kalakshetra in 1955 with a Diploma in Music,<ref name="Apsaras Arts"/> and was then teaching [[Indian classical music]] [[Music theory|theory]] and the playing of the Indian drum and cymbals at the academy. After a two-year courtship, they married in 1956 and moved back to Sri Lanka where they lived in a 40-[[Hectare|ha]] farm just outside Colombo. Sathyalingam then taught dance in schools while raising her children, the first of whom was born in 1957.<ref name="ST"/><br />
<br />
In May 1958, [[Sri Lankan riots of 1958|riots broke out in Sri Lanka]] between the [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] and [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Tamil]] communities. Although the Sathyalingams received a tip-off that they had been targeted and managed to escape the violence, 80 Sinhalese rioters attacked and burned their home. Having lost their abode and all their possessions, they resettled in Colombo. In 1969 Neila returned to Kalakshetra to be trained as an instructor and to take up a postgraduate diploma course. She graduated in 1972 with a distinction and was appointed a dance teacher with Kalakshetra.<ref name="Infopedia"/><br />
<br />
==Career in Singapore==<br />
In 1974, Neila moved to Singapore after American company Uniroyal Chemicals,<ref>It is not known whether this company is related to the [[United States Rubber Company]], which was renamed Uniroyal Inc. in 1961.</ref> for which her husband worked as an area sales manager, was posted there.<ref name="ST"/><br />
<br />
In Singapore, Neila was exposed to dancers of different cultural backgrounds and traditions, inspiring her to create new Indian dance steps based on classical foundations.<ref name="Infopedia"/> In 1977, Neila and her husband founded performing arts company Apsaras Arts under the auspices of the Kamala Club, an organisation for Indian ladies promoting Indian dance and music. Starting with 20 students, the company expanded in size and significance, and has staged numerous ''arangetrams'' (dance débuts) and performances in Singapore and abroad, including Australia,<ref>{{cite news|last=Ruffell|first=L|title=Apsaras Puts Fresh Beat in Singapore Swing|publisher=[[The Canberra Times]]|date=6 June 2001}} Apsaras Arts also toured Sydney and Canberra in 2002, and Darwin in 2003: {{cite web|author=Nureza Ahmad|title=Neila Sathyalingam|url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|publisher=Singapore Infopedia, [[National Library Board]]|date=25 August 2004|access-date=22 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930025412/http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|archive-date=30 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Indonesia<ref>{{cite news|last=Khrisna|first=Nandhini|title=Classical Indian Dance Provides Captivating Spectacle|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050922.S03|publisher=[[The Jakarta Post]]|date=22 September 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105335/http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050922.S03|archive-date=29 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hoang|first=Dan|title=Singapore Arts Troupe Comes to Vietnam|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2004/08/224696/|publisher=VietNamNet Bridge |date=9 August 2004 |access-date=29 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316222943/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2004/08/224696|archive-date=16 March 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
Apsaras Arts, now based at the [[Telok Ayer]] Performing Arts Centre, took part in numerous arts and dance festivals worldwide, including the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|Asean]] Festival in Malaysia (1983); the Australian Youth Musical Festival (August 1983); the [[Hong Kong Arts Festival]] (1990); the [[World of Music, Arts and Dance]] (Womad) Festival in Singapore (2002); the 17th National Cultural Festival in [[Nong Khai]], Thailand (2003); and the Indian Festival of Arts in Singapore (2003).<ref name="Infopedia"/> Neila and her husband were respectively the company's artistic director and music director, and continued to teach classical Indian dance and music.<ref name="Apsaras Arts"/><br />
<br />
In 1983, Neila was appointed the dance instructor and choreographer for the Indian Dance Group of the [[People's Association]] (PA), where she taught Indian dance to children from lower-income families for free. She was the resident choreographer for the Indian Dance Group, which is now under the umbrella of PA Talents.<ref name="PA Talents">{{cite web|title=Neila Sathyalingam, Resident Choreographer, Indian Dance Group|url=http://www.lifeskillslifestyle.org.sg/patalents/personalities/choreoresident_ns.asp|publisher=[[People's Association|PA Talents]]|access-date=22 August 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033022/http://www.lifeskillslifestyle.org.sg/patalents/personalities/choreoresident_ns.asp |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref> She was also an artistic adviser to the [[National Arts Council Singapore|National Arts Council]].<ref name="ST"/><br />
<br />
Neila was awarded the [[Cultural Medallion]] for her contributions to dance in 1989.<ref name="ST"/><ref name="Infopedia"/> She became a [[Singaporean nationality law|Singapore citizen]] in 1994, her husband and children following suit in subsequent years.<ref name="ST"/> Also in 1994, she was honoured by Bharat Kalachar, a music and dance school in Chennai,<ref>See the [http://www.bharatkalachar.com official website of Bharat Kalachar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821181035/http://www.bharatkalachar.com/ |date=21 August 2007 }}. Retrieved on 24 August 2007.</ref> with the ''Viswa Kala Bharathi'', an award given to non-resident Indian artistes who have helped to propagate Indian arts in foreign lands,<ref>See {{cite web|last=Iyengar|first=Geetha|title=Mrs. YGP of Bharat Kalachar: A Commitment to Indian Culture|url=http://carnatica.net/nvr/mrsygp.htm|publisher=Carnatica.net|access-date=24 August 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004742/http://carnatica.net/nvr/mrsygp.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> for her artistic contributions throughout the world.<ref name="PA Talents"/><br />
<br />
Together with fellow Cultural Medallion holders Som Said and Yang Choong Lian, Neila was a choreographer for the Lion City Angels, a multiracial children's dance troupe formed in 1988. The group performed in the Children's Folklore Festival in France in 1995 and the International Children's Folklore Festival in Spain in 1996. Other major achievements of Neila's include the dance-drama ''Kannagi'', staged for the Singapore Festival of Arts in 1998, and the "Fire" segment of the performance ''The Rhythm of Life'' staged by the People's Association Cultural Troupe in November 2001; the former was said to have "stretched the bounds of traditions to its limits and succeeded in offering something to a range of audiences far wider than what a traditional dance-drama would have done".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lim|first=Sonny|chapter=Neila Sathyalingam|chapter-url=http://www.dansing.org.sg/aboutdance_singapore_Neila.php|editor-last=Purushothaman|editor-first=Venka|title=Narratives : Notes on a Cultural Journey : Cultural Medallion Recipients, 1979–2001|location=Singapore|publisher=[[National Arts Council Singapore|National Arts Council]]|year=2002|isbn=981-04-6737-0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928094240/http://www.dansing.org.sg/aboutdance_singapore_Neila.php|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}.</ref> Up to 2007, Neila had also choreographed dance segments for the last 13 [[Chingay Parade]]s, which are street parades held annually in Singapore as part of [[Chinese New Year]] festivities.<ref name="ST"/><br />
<br />
On 14 and 15 September 2007, Neila staged at the [[Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall|Victoria Theatre]] what has been termed her "last mega-production", an Indian epic dance drama called ''Sivagami'' written by [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]] (1899–1954), which involved 65 dancers from Apsaras Arts and from India. Thereafter, she has said that she intended to "slow down" by focusing on her teaching, although she has remarked: "There is really no such thing called a swan song, and I won't like to keep still after being so active. ... I will keep dancing as long as my body will say yes to me".<ref name="ST"/><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Neila and her husband, Sathyalingam, had three daughters and a son. Of her daughters, her eldest, Mohana (born 1957), sings for Apsaras Arts' performances; while Nandana (born 1960), runs an Indian performing arts school also called Apsaras Arts in Canberra, Australia. Her daughter, Shaan (born 1962)<ref>According to a 20 August 2007 article in the ''[[The Straits Times|Straits Times]]'', Neila's children Nandana and Shaan were respectively 47 and 45 years old in 2007: {{cite news|last=Tay|first=Michelle|title=The Monday Interview: A Dance with Destiny|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=20 August 2007|page=L4}}</ref> is a legal adviser for the [[National Library Board]] of Singapore. Her younger son Skanda (born 1963) contracted [[encephalitis]] at six months and became severely mentally and physically disabled.<ref name="ST"/> Neila's younger sister, Anusha, who lives in Zambia, is a ''Bharatanatyam'' dancer and teacher.<ref name="Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)"/><ref name="ST"/> She died, aged 79, on 9 March 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/pioneer-dancer-neila-sathyalingam-dies|title=Pioneer dancer Neila Sathyalingam dies|last=Nanda|first=Akshita|date=10 March 2017|work=straitstimes.com|access-date=11 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313005201/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/pioneer-dancer-neila-sathyalingam-dies|archive-date=13 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <!-- Neila is aged 79 when she died. Reporter likely had no information on her birthday and assumed 78 based on birthyear--><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{cite web|author=Nureza Ahmad|title=Neila Sathyalingam|url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|publisher=Singapore Infopedia, [[National Library Board]]|date=25 August 2004|access-date=26 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930025412/http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_471_2004-12-23.html|archive-date=30 September 2007|url-status=dead}}<br />
*{{cite news|last=Tay|first=Michelle|title=The Monday Interview : A Dance with Destiny|publisher=[[The Straits Times]] (Life!)|date=20 August 2007|page=L4}}<br />
*{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.apsarasarts.com/about_us.htm|publisher=Apsaras Arts|access-date=22 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928181719/http://www.apsarasarts.com/about_us.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{cite news|title=Dramatist, Dancer among Cultural Medallion Winners|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=17 February 1990|page=3}}<br />
*{{cite news|author=T. Sasitharan|author2=B.C. Goh|title=Winners All|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=4 May 1990|pages=1–2}}<br />
*{{cite news|title=A Special Night for New Singaporeans|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|page=1}}<br />
*{{Cite book|last=Gan|first=Hui Cheng|chapter=Dancing Bodies : Culture and Modernity|chapter-url=http://www.dansing.org.sg/workfiles/About%20Dance/Singapore%20Dance/SporeDance-Gan.pdf|editor-last=Kwok|editor-first=Kian Woon|editor2-last=Mahizhnan|editor2-first=Arun|editor3-last=T. Sasitharan|title=Jati Diri: Citra Seni di Singapura [Selves : The State of the Arts in Singapore]|location=Singapore|publisher=[[National Arts Council Singapore|National Arts Council]]|year=2002|isbn=981-04-5217-9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327141545/http://www.dansing.org.sg/workfiles/About%20Dance/Singapore%20Dance/SporeDance-Gan.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2009|df=dmy-all}}<br />
*{{cite web|title=FY2005 : Cultural Medallion Grant Recipients Initiate New Projects|url=http://www.nac.gov.sg/new/new02a.asp?id=254|publisher=[[National Arts Council Singapore]]|date=4 May 2006|access-date=22 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928024533/http://www.nac.gov.sg/new/new02a.asp?id=254|archive-date=28 September 2007}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170313041153/http://www.swhf.sg/the-honourees/11-arts-culture-entertainment/6-neila-sathyalingam Profile], swhf.sg; accessed 11 March 2017.<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033022/http://www.lifeskillslifestyle.org.sg/patalents/personalities/choreoresident_ns.asp Neila Sathyalingam profile], lifeskillslifestyle.org.sg; accessed 11 March 2017.<br />
<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sathyalingam, Neila}}<br />
[[Category:1938 births]]<br />
[[Category:2017 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean female dancers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Cultural Medallion for dance]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Singapore]]<br />
[[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to Singapore]]<br />
[[Category:Kalakshetra Foundation alumni]]<br />
[[Category:People from Colombo]]<br />
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahabubnagar_district&diff=514677Mahabubnagar district2026-04-05T02:17:52Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding Place</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Mahabubnagar district<br />
| native_name = Palamooru district<br />
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Telangana|District]] of [[Telangana]]<br />
| total_type = Total<br />
| image_skyline = Mallela theertham 1.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Mallela Theertham waterfall<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
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| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location in Telangana<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| coor_pinpoint = Mahabubnagar<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Telangana]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = <br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| established_title = Established<br />
| established_date = <br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
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| parts_type = [[List of mandals in Telangana|Mandalas]]<br />
| parts_style = para<br />
| p1 = 16<br />
| area_total_km2 = 2738<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 919903<br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=At A Glance {{!}} Mahabubnagar District, Telangana {{!}} India|url=https://mahabubnagar.telangana.gov.in/ataglance/|access-date=2020-09-15|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
| population_urban = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]<br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio<br />
| demographics1_info2 = <br />
| leader_title = [[District collector]]<br />
| leader_name = Ravi Gugulothu IAS<br />
| leader_title1 = <br />
| leader_name1 = <br />
| leader_title2 = <br />
| leader_name2 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| registration_plate = TG–06<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.sakshi.com/telangana/2016/10/13/vehicle-registration-codes-for-new-districts-in-telangana|title=Vehicle Registration Codes For New Districts In Telangana|website=Sakshipost|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref><br />
| blank_name_sec1 = <br />
| blank_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank_info_sec2 = <br />
| website = {{URL|http://mahabubnagar.telangana.gov.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahabubnagar district''', also known as '''Palamooru district'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Mahbubnagar District {{!}} Mahbubnagar District, Telangana {{!}} India |url=https://mahbubnagar.telangana.gov.in/about-district-2-2/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>, is a [[district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. [[Mahabubnagar]] is the district headquarters which is popularly known as Palamoor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official website of Mahabubnagar district|url=http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/|publisher=National Informatics center|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> The district shares boundaries with [[Narayanapet District|Narayanapet]], [[Vikarabad]], [[Rangareddy]], [[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool]], [[Wanaparthy district|Wanaparthy]] and [[Jogulamba Gadwal district|Jogulamba Gadwal]] districts. The district was formed during the period of the 6th [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State]] – Nawab [[Mir Mahbub Ali Khan]] and is named after him.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Mahabubnagar was formerly known as ''Palamoor'', meaning "land of milk" due to its milk production.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/|title=Mahabubnagar-NIC|work=mahabubnagar.nic.in}}</ref> The name was changed to Mahabubnagar on 4 December 1890, in honour of [[Mahboob Ali Khan|Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI]], the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] (1869–1911 AD).<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The area that forms current Mahbubnagar district has historic significance. It was under ''Janapada'' rule by 6th century BCE, and later was Maurya territory. The region was at the core of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] from 221 B.C.E. to 218 C.E., and also a large part of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] from the 7th to the 11th century CE, also part of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] from 11th to the 14th century CE, The region was later part of the Kingdom of Golkonda (c. &nbsp;– 1512), with its capital city [[Golkonda]] located near Hyderabad.<br />
<br />
In 1518, the region came under control of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], which reigned until 1687. The region was then a part of [[Hyderabad State]], ruled by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Asaf Jahi Dynasty]], from 1724 to 1948.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
<br />
Mahabubnagar district is spread over an area of {{convert|2737.00|km2|sqmi|abbr=}}.<ref name="newdist">{{cite news|title=New districts|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=320397|access-date=8 October 2016|work=Andhra Jyothy.com|date=8 October 2016|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064351/http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=320397|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Krishna River|Krishna]] river flows through the district, as well as the [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]]. They merge at Sangameswaram.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religion in Mahabubnagar district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
|titlebar=#fcd116<br />
|float=left<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Telangana|Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.26}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|12.41}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.74}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.59}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
As of the [[2011 census of India]], the district has a population of 919,903. Mahbubnagar district has a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 63.35%. 122,189 (13.28%) were under 6 years of age. 319,346 (34.72%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 129,340 (14.06%) and 105,547 (11.47%) of the population respectively.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = left<br />
|caption = Languages of Mahabubnagar district (2011)<ref name="language"/><br />
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 76.23 |color1 = steelblue<br />
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 12.23 |color2 = green<br />
|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 10.57 |color3 = khaki<br />
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.97 |color4 = grey<br />
}}<br />
<br />
At the time of the 2011 census, 76.23% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 12.23% [[Urdu]] and 10.57% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Jain temple ==<br />
The oldest terracotta style Jain temple is in Alvanpalli village of Mahabubnagar district. This temple was built between 7th and 8th century.<br />
This temple is one of the two such structures in India other built during [[Gupta period]] is located at [[Bhitargaon]] under [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. This temple was built using bricks made of burnt clay. The large bricks of the temple were plaster using the limestone. The principal deity of the temple was [[Mahavira]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/300918/the-last-of-the-2-brick-temples.html|title=The last of the 2 brick temples|date=30 September 2018|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> The temple was around 18th century, since no efforts were being made to conserve it the rare structure the sculptures of Mahavira, [[Parsvanatha]] and few other historical importance had been moved to a local museum in Pillalamarri and some to the State Museum in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-04-30/Unique-Jain-temple-in-Telangana-lies-in-ruins/296815|title=Unique Jain temple in Telangana lies in ruins|date=30 April 2017|website=The Hans India|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Economy ==<br />
In 2006, the Indian government named Mahabubnagar one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of [[Districts of India|640]] total).<ref name=brgf /> It is one of the nine districts in Telangana currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Koilsagar project.jpg|thumb|250px|Koilsagar project]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Pre Historic Mid Krishna-Tungabhadra Valley sites.jpg|thumb|250px|Many Pre Historic sites of Mid Krishna-Tungabhadra Valley are present in the erstwhile Mahabubnagar district and now in Jogulamba, Wanaparthy and Nagarkurnool districts]]<br />
<br />
== Administrative divisions ==<br />
The district has one [[List of Revenue Divisions in Andhra Pradesh|revenue divisions]] of Mahabubnagar. These are sub-divided into 16 [[mandal]]s.<ref name="newdist" /> Ravi Gugulothu IAS is the present collector of the District.<ref>{{cite news|title=K Chandrasekhar Rao appoints collectors for new districts|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/111016/k-chandrasekhar-rao-appoints-collectors-for-new-districts.html|access-date=13 October 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=11 October 2016}}</ref><br />
{| wiki table''<br />
|+<br />
!#<br />
!mandals in District<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Addakal]]<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Balanagar, Mahbubnagar district|Balanagar]]<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Bhoothpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Chinnachintakunta]]<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Devarakadra]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Gandeed]]<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|[[Hanwada]]<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|[[Jadcherla]]<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|[[Koilkonda]]<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
| [[Mahabubnagar(Urban)]]<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
| [[Mahabubnagar(Rural)]]<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
| [[Midjil]]<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
| [[Moosapet]]<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
| [[Nawabpet, Mahbubnagar district|Nawabpet]]<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
| [[Rajapur, Telangana|Rajapur]]<br />
|-<br />
|16 <br />
| [[Koukuntla]]<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
| [[Mohammadabad, Mahbubnagar district|Mohammadabad]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[V. Srinivas Goud]]&nbsp;– politician<br />
* [[Suravaram Pratapareddy]]&nbsp;– social historian<br />
* [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]&nbsp;– former Chief Minister of Hyderabad State<br />
* [[Devarakonda Vittal Rao]]&nbsp;– politician<br />
* [[Jaipal Reddy]]&nbsp;– politician<br />
* [[Nagam Janardhan Reddy]]&nbsp;– politician<br />
* [[Venkatarama Reddy]]&nbsp;- kotwal<br />
* [[Goreti Venkanna]]&nbsp;– singer<br />
* [[B. Venkateshwarlu]]&nbsp;– writer and journalist<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---><br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
Mahabubnagar district falls under the jurisdiction of [[Osmania University]] and [[Palamuru University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palamuruuniversity.ac.in|title=Palamuru University|work=palamuruuniversity.ac.in}}</ref> The district has many government and private medical college, junior, undergraduate and graduate colleges.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[List of districts in Telangana]]<br />
*[[Gaddampally]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [http://www.mahabubnagar.nic.in/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023093131/http://www.mahabubnagar.nic.in/ |date=23 October 2018 }}<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Mahbubnagar district<br />
|North = [[Ranga Reddy district]]<br />
|Northeast = [[Nalgonda district]]<br />
|East = [[Guntur district]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Southeast = [[Prakasam district]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
|South = [[Kurnool district]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Southwest = [[Raichur district]], Karnataka<br />
|West = [[Yadgir district]], Karnataka<br />
|Northwest = [[Kalaburagi district]], Karnataka<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Mahabubnagar district}}<br />
{{Telangana |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mahbubnagar district| ]]<br />
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Districts of Telangana]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burjor_Avari&diff=492555Burjor Avari2026-04-02T08:51:27Z<p>Harryson3545: added some info v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian historian and educator (1938–2019)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English |date=May 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox scholar<br />
| name = Burjor Avari<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
| fullname =<br />
| othernames =<br />
| birth_name = <!-- Use only if different from full/othernames --><br />
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1938}}<br />
| birth_place = [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = 2019<br />
| death_place = Manchester<br />
| death_cause =<br />
| era =<br />
| region =<br />
| workplaces = [[Manchester Metropolitan University]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Manchester]]<br />
| thesis_title =<br />
| thesis_url =<br />
| thesis_year =<br />
| doctoral_advisor =<br />
| doctoral_students =<br />
| notable_students =<br />
| school_tradition =<br />
| main_interests = South Asian history<br />
| principal_ideas =<br />
| major_works = {{ubl|''India: The Ancient Past''|''Islamic Civilization in South Asia''}}<br />
| awards =<br />
| influences =<br />
| influenced =<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Burjor Avari''' (1938–2019) was a [[British Indians|British-Indian]] historian and professor of [[South Asia]]n history at the [[Manchester Metropolitan University]] in the UK. He received an [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] in recognition of his work in multicultural education.<br />
<br />
==Life and career==<br />
Avari was born into a [[Parsi]] family in [[Navsari]], in modern-day Gujarat, India, in 1938 and spent his childhood in [[Kenya]] and [[Zanzibar]]. He graduated in history from the [[University of Manchester]] and obtained teacher training from the [[Oxford University]]'s Institute of Education.<ref name=ancient><br />
{{cite book |title=India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200 |first=Burjor |last=Avari |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-1134251629 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y88nzRtTNUAC |at=front cover}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Burjor Avari obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/jun/19/burjor-avari-obituary |newspaper=The Guardian |date=19 June 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Avari taught history in Kenyan and British schools from 1962 to 1984. He became the team leader for developing multicultural education in the schools of [[Tameside]] in 1984. In 1988, he was appointed as a principal lecturer at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]], where he coordinated multicultural education and taught Indian history. He was awarded the title of [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] in 1988 for his work in multicultural education.<ref name=ancient/><ref name=profile><br />
[https://www2.mmu.ac.uk/hpp/staff/profile/index.php?profile_id=92 Burjor Avari], Manchester Metropolitan University, Retrieved 13 May 2015.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
Avari retired in 2003 and subsequently held the position of Honorary Research Fellow at the Manchester Metropolitan University.<ref name=Islamic><br />
{{cite book |last=Avari |first=Burjor |title=Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-58061-8 |page=ii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
==Works==<br />
'''Books'''<br />
* ''India: The Ancient Past — The History of the Indian Subcontinent from 7000 BC to AD 1200'', (Routledge, 2007). {{ISBN|9781134251629}}<br />
* ''In Praise of Multiculturalism: Defending Diversity'', (Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012), {{ISBN|9781905476732}}<br />
* ''Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent'', (Routledge, 2013). {{ISBN|9780415580618}}<br />
* ''Interwoven World: Ideas and Encounters in History'', (co-edited with George Verghese, Common Ground Publishing, Illinois, 2016). {{ISBN|978-1612298283}}<br />
<br />
'''Articles'''<br />
* "An Ethnocentric History of the World: The Case of Paul Johnson", (with [[George Gheverghese Joseph]]), ''History Workshop'', Spring 1987, pp.&nbsp;112–121. {{JSTOR|4288751}}<br />
* "Race Relations Training: The State of the Art", (with George Gheverghese Joseph), Peter David Pumfrey, Gajendra K. Verma (eds) ''Race Relations and Urban Education: Contexts and Promising Practice'', (Psychology Press, 1990). {{ISBN|185000711X}}<br />
* "Becoming British, remaining Indian," in K. N. Malik and Peter Robb (eds) ''India and Britain: Recent Past and Present Challenges'', (Allied Publishers, 1994)<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
'''''India: The Ancient Past'''''<br />
<br />
[[Bhikhu Parekh]] called Avari's ''India: The Ancient Past'' a balanced and well-researched book with lucid exposition.<ref name=ancient/> Klaus Karttunen, while noting that Avari is not a professional historian, acknowledged that he used accounts by good historians for his sources and, when the sources were in disagreement, displayed sound judgement in describing them.<ref name=Karttunen/> Muhammad Mughal of [[Durham University]] also noted that Avari's account was based on the work of well-known historians. He termed Avari's approach to the Indian subcontinent as "holistic", tracing the history of the subcontinent through the geography of regions and culture. Mughal also credited Avari for successfully eliminating the perception that India has been isolated from the rest of the world by describing the intercultural communication that has left a mark on India's cultural patterns.<ref name=Karttunen>Karttunen, Klaus, Book review of Burjor Avari's 'India: The Ancient Past', ''Orientalistische Literaturzeitung''. Volume 110, Issue 1, Pages 70–71, {{doi|10.1515/olzg-2015-0025}}, April 2015</ref><ref name=ancient_review>Mughal, M. A. Z. (2009) [https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/yiZwNrc4VuedQrvdyxDv/full Book review of 'India: The Ancient Past: A History of Indian Sub-continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200' by Burjor Avari], ''Contemporary South Asia'', 17 (1). pp. 93–94.</ref><br />
<br />
'''''Islamic Civilization in South Asia'''''<br />
<br />
[[Francis Robinson]] of [[Royal Holloway, University of London|Royal Holloway]] called ''Islamic Civilization in South Asia'' a story extremely well told, stating that, working in heavily contested areas of history, Avari provided a well-balanced exposition.<ref name=Islamic/> Muhammad Mughal welcomed Avari's attempts to explore Muslim history in South Asia. He called his approach "innovative, comprehensive and unique in style". He pointed out that the book sheds light on the peace-loving and multicultural aspects of South Asian Muslims, which are often overlooked in political rhetoric.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mughal|first=M. A. Z.|date=2015|title=Book review: Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent, written by Burjor Avari|journal=Numen|volume=62|issue=2–3|pages=379–382|doi=10.1163/15685276-12341374|issn=0029-5973|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/15108/1/15108.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Avari, Burjor}}<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1938 births]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester]]<br />
[[Category:Historians of South Asia]]<br />
[[Category:British historians]]<br />
[[Category:British educational theorists]]<br />
[[Category:British Zoroastrians]]<br />
[[Category:British people of Parsi descent]]<br />
[[Category:Parsi people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Kenya]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kathgola_Palace&diff=508923Kathgola Palace2026-03-22T02:22:54Z<p>Harryson3545: New Info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Historical building in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox historic building<br />
| name = Kathgola Palace<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| former_names = <br />
| alternate_names = <br />
| status = <br />
| image = Kathgola satyajit sinha.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = Kathgola Palace<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| altitude = <br />
| building_type = Complex<br />
| architectural_style = <br />
| structural_system = <br />
| cost = <br />
| client = <br />
| owner = Dugar family<br />
| current_tenants = <br />
| landlord = <br />
| location = [[Kathgola]], [[Murshidabad-Jiaganj]] CD block, [[Murshidabad district]]<br />
| address = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.2076|N|88.26723|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| groundbreaking_date = <br />
| construction_start_date = <br />
| completion_date = 1873<br />
| opened_date = <br />
| floor_area = <br />
| size = <br />
| website = <br />
| references = <br />
| number_of_rooms = <br />
}}<br />
'''Kathgola Palace''' is a historical building belonging to the Dugar family at [[Kathgola]] in the [[Murshidabad-Jiaganj]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] of [[Murshidabad district]]. It now houses a museum.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The place was earlier called Kath Golap Garden because ''[[Dactylanthus taylorii|Wood Roses]]'', called ''Kath Golap'' in Bengali, used to grow in abundance in the garden. The name got distorted later.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabadpolice.org/place_of_interest | title = Place of Interest | work = Kathgola Garden | publisher = Murshidabad Police District | accessdate = 23 July 2021 | archive-date = 23 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210723101817/http://murshidabadpolice.org/place_of_interest | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{OSM Location map<br />
|width=350| height=400| zoom=13<br />
|coord={{coord|24|11|10|N|88|16|40|E}}| float=left|caption='''Murshidabad'''<br />F: facility, H: historical site <br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br />
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|11|11|N|88|16|9|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Hazarduari Palace| numbered1=H | mark-title1=[[Hazarduari Palace]] (H)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=12| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#AA6666|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br />
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|11|30|N|88|16|7|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Nizamat Imambara | mark-title2= [[Nizamat Imambara]] (H)| numbered2=H| shape-color2=#AA6666|label-offset-y2=-2<br />
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|11|24|N|88|16|10|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Clock Tower | mark-title3= [[Clock Tower of Murshidabad]] (H)| numbered3=H<br />
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|11|24|N|88|16|4|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Madina Mosque | mark-title4= [[Madina Mosque (Bengal)]] (H)| numbered4=H<br />
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|10|55|N|88|16|10|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Wasif Manzil | mark-title5= [[Wasif Manzil]] (H)| numbered5=H<br />
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|12|4|N|88|16|0|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jafaganj Cemetery | mark-title6= [[Jafarganj Cemetery]] (H)| numbered6=H<br />
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|11|0|N|88|17|17|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Katra Masjid | mark-title7= [[Katra Masjid]] (H)| numbered7=H<br />
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|11|5|N|88|16|10|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Chawk Masjid | mark-title8= [[Chawk Masjid]] (H)| numbered8=H<br />
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|9|43|N|88|16|32|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Jama Masjid, Motijheel | mark-title9= [[Jama Masjid, Motijheel]] (H)| numbered9=H<br />
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|11|9|N|88|16|49|E}} | label-pos10=top|label10= Fauti Mosque | mark-title10= [[Fauti Mosque]] (H)| numbered10=H<br />
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|12|23|N|88|16|20|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Kathgola Palace | mark-title11= Kathgola Palace (H)| numbered11=H |shape-color11=black| label-size11=13|label-color11=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --><br />
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|12|12|N|88|15|50|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Mir Jafar's Palace | mark-title12= [[Namak Haram Deorhi]] (H)| numbered12=H<br />
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|12|23|N|88|16|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Nashipur Rajbari| mark-title13= [[Nashipur]] (H)| numbered13=H<br />
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|10|34|N|88|16|58|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Murshidabad |labela14= railway station| numbered14=F| mark-title14= [[Murshidabad railway station]] (F) |shape-color14=#967117<br />
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|12|5|N|88|15|25|E}} | label15= Bhagirathi River| label-color15 = #77A1CB| label-angle15=59| label-pos15=right| label-size15=10| mark-size15=0| mark-title15 =none<br />
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|11|17|N|88|16|5|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Yellow Mosque | mark-title16= [[Yellow Mosque]] (H)| numbered16=H<br />
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|12|32|N|88|16|0|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= House of Jagat Seth | mark-title17= [[House of Jagat Seth]] (H)| numbered17=H<br />
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|11|53|N|88|15|54|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Tomb of Azimunnisa Begum | mark-title18= [[Tomb of Azimunissa Begum]] (H)| numbered18=H<br />
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|12|51|N|88|15|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Nashipur |labela19= railway bridge| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Nashipur Rail Bridge]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117<br />
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|11|8|N|88|16|15|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Tripolia |labela20= Gate | mark-title20= Tripolia Gate <br/> Sorry, no page link (H)| numbered21=H}}<br />
<br />
===Location===<br />
Kathgola Palace is located at {{coord|24.2076|N|88.26723|E|display=inline}}.<br />
<br />
The [[Namak Haram Deorhi]], [[Jafarganj Cemetery]], [[Nashipur|Nashipur Rajbari]], [[House of Jagat Seth]] and [[Tomb of Azimunissa Begum]] are all located nearby. One can reach the temple town of Rani Bhavani at [[Baranagar, Murshidabad|Baranagar]], on the other side of the Bhagirathi, by country boat from Ajimganj.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://offbeatweekend.com/mushidabad/ | title = Offbeat Weekend in Murshidabad | work = Outskirts of Killa Nizamat (Northern part) | publisher = Offbeat Weekend | accessdate = 20 July 2021 | archive-date = 21 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210721035644/https://offbeatweekend.com/mushidabad/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in Murshidabad city. Most of the places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. A few, without pages yet, remain unmarked. The map has a scale. It will help viewers to find out the distances.</small><br />
<br />
==The palace and garden==<br />
[[File:Katgola Palace at night 2.jpg|thumb|250px|Illuminated Katgola Palace at night during the Murshidabad Heritage Festival]]<br />
Murshidabad was at its peak in the early 19th century, and the opportunities of trade and banking attracted many Marwari Jains to go and settle there. Azimganj and Jiaganj became the nucleus of the Marwari Jain community. In the course of time, they acquired immense wealth and they built many Jain temples. The principal families were the Dugars, the Dudhorias, the Nahars, the Kotharis and the Nowlakhas.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.storiesbyarpit.com/2015/09/the-hidden-treasure-azimganj-jiyaganj.html | title = The Hidden Treasures: Azimganj, Jiyaganj & Kathgola| publisher = Stories by Arpit | accessdate = 23 July 2021}}</ref> Although, many of them shifted their base to Kolkata, with the ascendancy of the British, the palatial buildings and temples they built are still there.<ref name=kathgola1>{{cite web | url = https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69213/have-you-heard-about-the-sheherwali-s-of-bengal | title = Have you heard about the Sheherwalis of Bengal?| work = Uttara Gangopadhyay | publisher = Outlook Traveller, 20 November 2018 | accessdate = 23 July 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
A popular attraction on a customary tour of Murshidabad is the Kathgola Palace and Garden, built by Dhanpat Singh Dugar and Lakshmipat Singh Dugar in 1873. The Dugars hired a French architect to renovate a part of their palace. A Bengali architect was also involved. "This palace is a perfect blend of art and architecture and connoisseurs of true art will get a taste of both." Victorian lions and Michael Angelo statues have changed the place. The Adinath temple is famous and there are several Jain and Hindu temples. There are 17 images of Jain tirthankaras. There was a zoo inside. "The palace has been converted to a museum and showcases magnificent chandeliers, mirrors, furniture, etc".<ref name=kathgola1/><ref name=kathgola2>{{cite web | url = https://travelandculture.expertscolumn.com/importance-kathgola-palace-murshidabad-west-bengal | title = Importance of the Kathgola Palace in Murshidabad in West Bengal | work = The Jain temples and Kathgola Palace are brilliant historical sites| publisher = Travel & Culture | accessdate = 23 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://lbb.in/kolkata/kathgola-palace-murshidabad/ | title = Visit This Palace In Murshidabad To Get A Taste Of Erstwhile Bengal| publisher = LBB | accessdate = 23 July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Kathgola picture gallery==<br />
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px"><br />
File:Kathgola Palace at Murshidabad district 01.jpg|Kathgola Palace<br />
File:Gateway - Kathgola Gardens - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 5993-5998.tif|Gateway – Kathgola Gardens<br />
File:Kathgola Gardens With Palace - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6022 6040.tif|Kathgola Palace<br />
File:Adinath Temple inside Kathgolap Garden complex.jpg|Adinath Temple<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Katgola Michelangelo.JPG|Michaelangelo<br />
File:Stepwell Gate - Kathgola Gardens - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6116.JPG|Stelwell Gate – Kathgola Garden<br />
File:Queen's pet fish Boutique.jpg|Garden decoration<br />
File:Garden Fancy article.jpg|Garden decoration<br />
File:Katgola A Traditional Design.JPG|A traditional design in the palace<br />
File:Equestrian Statue - Kathgola Gardens - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6001.JPG|Equestrian statue<br />
File:Cast Iron Chairs - Palace Interior - Kathgola Gardens - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6110.JPG|Cast iron chairs in the palace<br />
File:Kathgola Gardens - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6090.JPG|Garden road<br />
File:Kathgola Palace Motifs Murshidabad.JPG|Pillar decoration<br />
File:Nageshwar Ganesh Kathgola Palace.JPG|Ganesha in the palace<br />
File:Kathgola Palace Murshidabad verandah.JPG|Verandah railing<br />
File:Garden of Wood & Rose, Murshidabad.jpg|Kathgola Palace<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikivoyage inline|Murshidabad}}<br />
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{{commons category|Kathgola Palace}}<br />
<br />
{{Murshidabad topics}}<br />
{{Tourist attractions in Murshidabad}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Murshidabad]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Murshidabad district]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_power_distribution&diff=464615Electric power distribution2026-03-19T01:40:34Z<p>Harryson3545: fixed details for clarity and cleaned formatting per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Final stage of electricity delivery to individual consumers in a power grid}}<br />
[[File:Polemount-singlephase-closeup.jpg|thumb|upright|A 50&nbsp;kVA pole-mounted distribution transformer ]]<br />
<br />
'''Electric power distribution''' is the final stage in the [[Power delivery|delivery of electricity]]. Electricity is carried from the [[Electric power transmission|transmission system]] to individual consumers. Distribution [[Electrical substation|substations]] connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to '''medium voltage''' ranging between {{val|2|ul=kV}} and {{val|33|u=kV}} with the use of [[transformer]]s.<ref name="Short2014"/> ''Primary'' distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to [[distribution transformer]]s located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the [[utilization voltage]] used by lighting, industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through ''secondary'' distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through [[service drop]]s. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the [[subtransmission]] level.<ref name=HSW/><br />
<br />
[[File:Electricity Grid Schematic English.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|General layout of [[Grid (electricity)|electricity networks]]. The voltages and loadings are typical of a European network (in Canada, for example, Extra High Voltage can mean 735kV.) ]]<br />
The transition from transmission to distribution happens in a power [[Electrical substation|substation]], which has the following functions:<ref name=HSW>{{Cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/power5.htm|title=How Power Grids Work|website=HowStuffWorks|access-date=2016-03-18|date=April 2000}}</ref><br />
* [[Circuit breaker]]s and switches enable the substation to be disconnected from the [[Electrical grid|transmission grid]] or for distribution lines to be disconnected.<br />
* Transformers step down transmission voltages, {{val|35|u=kV}} or more, down to primary distribution voltages. These are medium voltage circuits, usually {{val|600|-|35000|u=V}}.<ref name="Short2014">{{Cite book|title=Electric Power Distribution Handbook|last1=Short|first1=T.A.|publisher=CRC Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4665-9865-2|location=Boca Raton, Florida, USA|pages=1–33}}</ref><br />
* From the transformer, power goes to the [[busbar]] that can split the distribution power off in multiple directions. The bus distributes power to distribution lines, which fan out to customers.<br />
Urban distribution is mainly underground, sometimes in [[common utility duct]]s. Rural distribution is mostly above ground with [[utility pole]]s, and suburban distribution is a mix.<ref name="Short2014" /><br />
Closer to the customer, a distribution transformer steps the primary distribution power down to a low-voltage secondary circuit, usually 120/240 V in the US for residential customers. The power comes to the customer via a [[service drop]] and an [[electricity meter]]. The final circuit in an urban system may be less than {{convert|50|ft|m|order=flip}} but may be over {{convert|300|ft|m|order=flip}} for a rural customer.<ref name="Short2014" /><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{further|History of electric power transmission}}<br />
[[File:Brush Company arc light madison square new york 1882.png|thumb|upright|The late 1870s and early 1880s saw the introduction of [[arc lamp|arc-lamp]] lighting used outdoors or in large indoor spaces, such as this [[Brush Electric Company]] system installed in 1880 in [[New York City]].]]<br />
<br />
Electric power distribution become necessary only in the 1880s, when electricity started being generated at [[power stations]]. Until then, electricity was usually generated where it was used. The first power-distribution systems installed in European and US cities were used to supply lighting: [[arc lamp|arc lighting]] running on very-high-voltage (around 3,000 V) [[alternating current]] (AC) or [[direct current]] (DC), and [[incandescent lamp|incandescent lighting]] running on low-voltage (100 V) direct current.<ref>Quentin R. Skrabec, The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO – 2012, page 86</ref> Both were supplanting [[gas lighting]] systems, with arc lighting taking over large-area and street lighting, and incandescent lighting replacing gas lights for business and residential users.<br />
<br />
The high voltages used in arc lighting allowed a single generating station to supply a string of lights up to {{convert|7|mi|km|adj=off}} long.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers|last1=Berly|first1=J.|publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers|volume=IX|date=1880-03-24|title=Notes on the Jablochkoff System of Electric Lighting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lww4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA143|issue=32|page=143|access-date=2009-01-07}}</ref> And each doubling of voltage would allow a given cable to transmit the same amount of power four times the distance than at the lower voltage (with the same power loss). By contrast, direct-current indoor incandescent lighting systems, such as [[Pearl Street Station|Edison's first power station]], installed in 1882, had difficulty supplying customers more than a mile away because they used a low voltage (110 V) from generation to end use. The low voltage translated to higher current and required thick copper cables for transmission. In practice, Edison's DC generating plants needed to be within about {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} of the farthest customer to avoid even thicker and more expensive conductors.<br />
<br />
=== Introduction of the transformer ===<br />
The problem of transmitting electricity over longer distances became a recognized engineering roadblock to electric power distribution, with many less-than-satisfactory solutions tested by lighting companies. But the mid-1880s saw a breakthrough with the development of functional transformers that allowed AC power to be "stepped up" to a much higher voltage for transmission, then dropped down to a lower voltage near the end user. Compared to direct current, AC had much cheaper transmission costs and greater [[economies of scale]] — with large AC generating plants capable of supplying whole cities and regions, which led to the use of AC spreading rapidly.<br />
<br />
In the US the competition between direct current and alternating current took a personal turn in the late 1880s in the form of a "[[war of currents]]" when [[Thomas Edison]] started attacking [[George Westinghouse]] and his development of the first US AC transformer systems, highlighting the deaths caused by high-voltage AC systems over the years and claiming any AC system was inherently dangerous.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Webb B.|last1=Garrison|title=Behind the headlines: American history's schemes, scandals, and escapades|url=https://archive.org/details/behindheadlinesa00garr |url-access=registration|publisher=Stackpole Books|year=1983|page=[https://archive.org/details/behindheadlinesa00garr/page/107 107]|isbn=9780811708173}}</ref> Edison's propaganda campaign was short-lived, with his company switching over to AC in 1892.<br />
<br />
AC became the dominant form of transmission of power with innovations in Europe and the US in [[electric motor]] designs, and the development of engineered ''universal systems'' allowing the large number of legacy systems to be connected to large AC grids.<ref name="Thomas Parke Hughes 1930, pages 120-121">{{cite book |last1=Parke Hughes |first1=Thomas |title=Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930 |publisher=JHU Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780801846144 |pages=120–121}}</ref><ref name="Raghu Garud 2009, page 249">{{cite book |last1=Garud |first1=Raghu |title=Managing in the Modular Age: Architectures, Networks, and Organizations |last2=Kumaraswamy |first2=Arun |last3=Langlois |first3=Richard |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2009 |isbn=9780631233169 |page=249}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the first half of the 20th century, in many places the [[electric power industry]] was [[vertical integration|vertically integrated]], meaning that one company did generation, transmission, distribution, metering and billing. Starting in the 1970s and 1980s, nations began the process of [[deregulation]] and [[privatization]], leading to [[electricity market]]s. The distribution system would remain regulated due to being a [[natural monopoly]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perloff |first1=Jeffrey M. |author1-link=Jeffrey M. Perloff |title=Microeconomics |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson |location=Harlow, England |isbn=9781292215624 |page=394 |edition=8th, global}}</ref> but generation, retail, and sometimes transmission systems were transformed into competitive markets.<br />
<br />
==Generation and transmission==<br />
{{Main|Electric power transmission|Electricity generation}}<br />
<imagemap><br />
File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC [[electricity delivery]] from generation stations to consumers' [[service drop]].<br />
rect 2 243 235 438 [[Power station]]<br />
rect 276 317 412 556 [[Transformer]]<br />
rect 412 121 781 400 [[Electric power transmission]]<br />
rect 800 0 980 165 [[Transformer]]<br />
desc bottom-left<br />
</imagemap><br />
<br />
Electric power begins at a generating station, where the potential difference can be as high as 33,000 volts. AC is usually used. Users of large amounts of DC power such as some [[railway electrification system]]s, [[telephone exchange]]s and industrial processes such as [[aluminium]] smelting use [[rectifier]]s to derive DC from the public AC supply, or may have their own generation systems. [[HVDC|High-voltage DC]] can be advantageous for isolating alternating-current systems or controlling the quantity of electricity transmitted. For example, [[Hydro-Québec]] has a direct-current line which goes from the [[James Bay]] region to [[Boston]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hydroquebec.com/learning/transport/grandes-distances.html|title=Extra-High-Voltage Transmission {{!}} 735 kV {{!}} Hydro-Québec|website=hydroquebec.com|access-date=2016-03-08}}</ref><br />
<br />
From the generating station it goes to the generating station's switchyard where a step-up transformer increases the voltage to a level suitable for transmission, from 44 kV to 765 kV. Once in the transmission system, electricity from each generating station is combined with electricity produced elsewhere. For alternating-current generators, all generating units connected to a common network must be [[Synchronization (alternating current)| synchronized]], operating at the same frequency within a small tolerance. Alternatively, disparate sources can be combined to serve a common load if some external power converter, such as a [[Frequency changer|rotating machine]] or a [[HVDC| direct current converter system]] is interposed. Electricity is consumed as soon as it is produced. It is transmitted at a very high speed, close to the [[speed of light]].<br />
<br />
== Primary distribution ==<br />
Primary distribution voltages range from 4&nbsp;kV to 35&nbsp;kV phase-to-phase (2.4&nbsp;kV to 20&nbsp;kV phase-to-neutral)<ref name="eep-pdvl">{{cite web|url=http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/primary-distribution-voltage-levels|title=Primary Distribution Voltage Levels|last1=Csanyi|first1=Edvard|date=10 August 2012|website=electrical-engineering-portal.com|publisher=EEP – Electrical Engineering Portal|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> Only large consumers are fed directly from distribution voltages; most utility customers are connected to a transformer, which reduces the distribution voltage to the low voltage "utilization voltage", "supply voltage" or "mains voltage" used by lighting and interior wiring systems.<br />
<br />
=== Network configurations ===<br />
[[File:NCPC Power Plant Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada 08.jpg|thumb|Substation near [[Yellowknife]], in the Northwest Territories, Canada]]<br />
<br />
Distribution networks are divided into two types, '''radial system''' or network.<ref>{{cite book|last=Abdelhay A. Sallam and Om P. Malik|title=Electric Distribution Systems|date=May 2011|publisher=IEEE Computer Society Press|isbn=9780470276822|page=21}}</ref> A radial system is arranged like a tree where each customer has one source of supply. A network system has multiple sources of supply operating in parallel. Spot networks are used for concentrated loads. Radial systems are commonly used in rural or suburban areas.<br />
<br />
Radial systems usually include emergency connections where the system can be reconfigured in case of problems, such as a fault or planned maintenance. This can be done by opening and closing switches to isolate a certain section from the grid.<br />
<br />
Long feeders experience [[voltage drop]] ([[power factor]] distortion) requiring [[capacitor]]s or [[Voltage regulator|voltage regulators]] to be installed.<br />
<br />
Reconfiguration, by exchanging the functional links between the elements of the system, represents one of the most important measures which can improve the operational performance of a distribution system. The problem of optimization through the reconfiguration of a power distribution system, in terms of its definition, is a historical single objective problem with constraints. Since 1975, when Merlin and Back<ref>Merlin, A.; Back, H. Search for a Minimal-Loss Operating Spanning Tree Configuration in an Urban Power Distribution System. In Proceedings of the 1975 Fifth Power Systems Computer Conference (PSCC), Cambridge, UK, 1–5 September 1975; pp. 1–18.</ref> introduced the idea of distribution system reconfiguration for active power loss reduction, until nowadays, a lot of researchers have proposed diverse methods and algorithms to solve the reconfiguration problem as a single objective problem. Some authors have proposed Pareto optimality based approaches (including active power losses and reliability indices as objectives). For this purpose, different artificial intelligence based methods have been used: microgenetic,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mendoza |first1=J.E. |last2=López |first2=E.A. |last3=López |first3=M.E. |last4=Coello Coello |first4=C.A. |date=2009-09-01 |title=Microgenetic multiobjective reconfiguration algorithm considering power losses and reliability indices for medium voltage distribution network |url=https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0009 |journal=IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution |language=en |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=825–840 |doi=10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0009 |issn=1751-8687|url-access=subscription |hdl=10533/132408 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> branch exchange,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bernardon |first1=Daniel Pinheiro |last2=Garcia |first2=Vinicius Jacques |last3=Ferreira |first3=Adriana Scheffer Quintela |last4=Canha |first4=Luciane Neves |date=2010-03-01 |title=Multicriteria Distribution Network Reconfiguration Considering Subtransmission Analysis |journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=2684–2691 |doi=10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2041013 |bibcode=2010ITPD...25.2684B |s2cid=36322668 |issn=0885-8977}}</ref> particle swarm optimization<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Amanulla |first1=B. |last2=Chakrabarti |first2=Saikat |last3=Singh |first3=S. N. |date=2012-01-24 |title=Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Systems Considering Reliability and Power Loss |journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=918–926 |doi=10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2179950 |bibcode=2012ITPD...27..918A |s2cid=21613514 |issn=0885-8977}}</ref> and non-dominated sorting [[genetic algorithm]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3390/en6031439|doi-access=free|title=Pareto Optimal Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm Based on NSGA-II|year=2013|last1=Tomoiagă|first1=Bogdan|last2=Chindriş|first2=Mircea|last3=Sumper|first3=Andreas|last4=Sudria-Andreu|first4=Antoni|last5=Villafafila-Robles|first5=Roberto|journal=Energies|volume=6|issue=3|pages=1439–1455|hdl=2117/18257|hdl-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Rural services ===<br />
[[File:Red-tailed hawk on power pole-2033.jpg|thumb|High voltage power pole in rural [[Butte County, California]]]]<br />
[[Rural electrification]] systems tend to use higher distribution voltages because of the longer distances covered by distribution lines (see [[Rural Electrification Administration]]). 7.2, 12.47, 25, and 34.5&nbsp;kV distribution is common in the United States; 11&nbsp;kV and 33&nbsp;kV are common in the UK, Australia and New Zealand; 11&nbsp;kV and 22&nbsp;kV are common in South Africa; 10, 20 and 35&nbsp;kV are common in China.<ref name="eolss">{{cite book|last1=Chan|first1=F|title=Electrical Engineering|chapter-url=http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c05/e6-39a-06-01.pdf|access-date=12 March 2016|chapter=Electric Power Distribution Systems}}</ref> Other voltages are occasionally used.<br />
<br />
Rural services normally try to minimize the number of poles and wires. It uses higher voltages (than urban distribution), which in turn permits use of galvanized steel wire. The strong steel wire allows for less expensive wide pole spacing. In rural areas a pole-mount transformer may serve only one customer. In [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]], and [[South Africa]], [[Single-wire earth return]] systems (SWER) are used to electrify remote rural areas.<br />
<br />
Three phase service provides power for large agricultural facilities, petroleum pumping facilities, water plants, or other customers that have large loads (three-phase equipment).<br />
In North America, overhead distribution systems may be three phase, four wire, with a neutral conductor. Rural distribution system may have long runs of one phase conductor and a neutral.<ref>Donald G. Fink, H. Wayne Beatty (ed), '' Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition'', McGraw Hill, 1978, {{ISBN|0-07-020974-X}}, page 18-17</ref><br />
In other countries or in extreme rural areas the neutral wire is connected to the ground to use that as a return (single-wire earth return).<br />
<br />
== Secondary distribution ==<br />
[[File:World Map of Mains Voltages and Frequencies, Detailed.svg|thumb|upright=3|World map of mains voltage and frequencies]]<br />
{{main|Low-voltage network}}<br />
{{See also|Mains electricity}}<br />
Electricity is delivered at a frequency of either 50 or 60&nbsp;Hz, depending on the region. It is delivered to domestic customers as [[single-phase electric power]]. In some countries as in Europe a [[Three-phase electric power|three phase]] supply may be made available for larger properties. Seen with an [[oscilloscope]], the domestic power supply in North America would look like a [[sine wave]], oscillating between −170 volts and 170 volts, giving an effective voltage of 120 volts RMS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/power2.htm|title=How Power Grids Work|website=HowStuffWorks|access-date=2016-03-18|date=April 2000}}</ref> [[Three-phase electric power]] is more efficient in terms of power delivered per cable used, and is more suited to running large electric motors. Some large European appliances may be powered by three-phase power, such as electric stoves and clothes dryers.<br />
<br />
A [[Ground (electricity)|ground]] connection is normally provided for the customer's system as well as for the equipment owned by the utility. The purpose of connecting the customer's system to ground is to limit the voltage that may develop if high voltage conductors fall down onto lower-voltage conductors which are usually mounted lower to the ground, or if a failure occurs within a distribution transformer. [[Earthing system]]s can be TT, TN-S, TN-C-S or TN-C.<br />
<br />
=== Regional variations ===<br />
<br />
====220–240 volt systems====<br />
Most of the world uses 50&nbsp;Hz 220 or 230 V single phase, or 380 or 400&nbsp;V three-phase for residential and light industrial services. In this system, the primary distribution network supplies a few substations per area, and the 230/400&nbsp;V power from each substation is directly distributed to end users over a region of normally less than 1&nbsp;km radius. Three [[live wire (electricity)|live (hot) wire]]s and the [[neutral wire|neutral]] are connected to the building for a three phase service. Single-phase distribution, with one live wire and the neutral is used domestically where total loads are light. In Europe, electricity is normally distributed for industry and domestic use by the three-phase, four wire system. This gives a phase-to-phase voltage of {{nowrap|400 volts}} [[Three-phase electric power#Three-wire and four-wire circuits|wye]] service and a single-phase voltage of {{nowrap|230 volts}} between any one phase and neutral. In the UK a typical urban or suburban low-voltage substation would normally be rated between 150&nbsp;kVA and 1&nbsp;MVA and supply a whole neighbourhood of a few hundred houses. Transformers are typically sized on an average load of 1 to 2&nbsp;kW per household, and the service fuses and cable is sized to allow any one property to draw a peak load of perhaps ten times this.<br />
For industrial customers, 3-phase {{nowrap|400 / 690 volt}} is also available, or may be generated locally.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.en-powered.com/blog/the-bumpy-road-to-energy-deregulation | title = The Bumpy Road to Energy Deregulation | publisher = EnPowered | date = 2016-03-28 | access-date = 2017-04-07 | archive-date = 2017-04-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145323/https://www.en-powered.com/blog/the-bumpy-road-to-energy-deregulation | url-status = dead }}</ref> <br />
Large commercial and industrial customers have their own [[distribution transformer]]s with an input from 11 kV to 33 kV. Some high consumption users are supplied by [[transmission network]] from 110 kV to 220 kV.<br />
<br />
==== 100–120 volt systems ====<br />
Most of the Americas use 60&nbsp;Hz AC, the 120/240 volt [[Split-phase electric power|split-phase]] system domestically and three phase for larger installations. North American transformers usually power homes at 240 volts, similar to Europe's 230 volts.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} It is the split-phase that allows use of 120 volts in the home.<br />
<br />
[[File:Power Grid of Japan.svg|thumb|Japan's utility frequencies are {{nowrap|50 Hz}} and {{nowrap|60 Hz}}.]]<br />
<br />
In the [[electricity sector in Japan]], the standard voltage is 100&nbsp;V, with both 50 and 60&nbsp;Hz AC frequencies being used. Parts of the country use 50&nbsp;Hz, while other parts use 60&nbsp;Hz.<ref name="JapanTimes20110719">{{Cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/07/19/reference/japans-incompatible-power-grids/|title=Japan's incompatible power grids|last1=Gordenker|first1=Alice|date=2011-07-19|newspaper=The Japan Times Online|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|access-date=2016-03-12}}</ref> This is a relic from the 1890s. Some local providers in [[Tokyo]] imported 50&nbsp;Hz German equipment, while the local power providers in [[Osaka]] brought in 60&nbsp;Hz generators from the United States. The grids grew until eventually the entire country was wired. Today the frequency is 50&nbsp;Hz in Eastern Japan (including Tokyo, [[Yokohama]], [[Tōhoku region|Tohoku]], and [[Hokkaido]]) and 60&nbsp;Hz in Western Japan (including [[Nagoya]], [[Osaka]], [[Kyoto]], [[Hiroshima]], [[Shikokuchūō|Shikoku]], and [[Kyushu]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2225.html|title=Electricity in Japan|website=Japan-Guide.com|access-date=2016-03-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
Most household appliances are made to work on either frequency. The problem of incompatibility came into the public eye when the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] knocked out about a third of the east's capacity, and power in the west could not be fully shared with the east since the country does not have a common frequency.<ref name="JapanTimes20110719" /><br />
<br />
There are four [[high-voltage direct current]] (HVDC) converter stations that move power across Japan's AC frequency border. [[Shin Shinano]] is a [[Back-to-back connection#Power transmission|back-to-back]] HVDC facility in [[Japan]] which forms one of four [[frequency changer]] stations that link Japan's western and eastern power grids. The other three are at [[Higashi-Shimizu Frequency Converter|Higashi-Shimizu]], [[Minami-Fukumitsu]] and [[Sakuma Dam#HVDC frequency converter|Sakuma Dam]]. Together they can move up to 1.2 GW of power east or west.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/why-japans-fragmented-grid-cant-cope|title=Why Japan's Fragmented Grid Can't Cope|website=Spectrum.IEEE.org|date=6 April 2011 |access-date=2016-03-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 240 volt systems and 120 volt outlets ====<br />
Most modern North American homes are wired to receive 240 volts from the transformer, and through the use of [[Split-phase electric power|split-phase electrical power]], can have both 120 volt receptacles and 240 volt receptacles. The 120 volts is typically used for lighting and most [[AC power plugs and sockets|wall outlets]]. The 240 volt circuits are typically used for appliances requiring high watt heat output such as ovens and heaters. They may also be used to supply an [[electric car]] charger.<br />
<br />
== Modern distribution systems ==<br />
Traditionally, the distribution systems would only operate as simple distribution lines where the electricity from the [[Electric power transmission|transmission networks]] would be shared among the customers. Today's distribution systems are heavily integrated with [[renewable energy]] generations at the distribution level of the power systems by the means of [[distributed generation]] resources, such as [[solar power]] and [[wind power]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fathabad|first1=A. M.|last2=Cheng|first2=J. |last3=Pan|first3=K. |last4=Qiu|first4=F. |date=November 2020|title=Data-Driven Planning for Renewable Distributed Generation Integration|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Systems|volume=35|issue=6|pages=4357–4368 |doi=10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3001235|bibcode=2020ITPSy..35.4357F|s2cid=225734643 |issn=1558-0679|hdl=10397/89857|hdl-access=free}}</ref> As a result, distribution systems are gradually becoming more independent from the transmission networks. Balancing the supply-demand relationship at these modern distribution networks (sometimes referred to as [[microgrid]]s) is challenging, and it requires the use of various economic, technological and [[Ancillary services|operational means]] to operate. Such tools include market signals, [[battery storage power station]], [[data analytics]], optimization tools, etc.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Energy}}<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
* [[Backfeeding]]<br />
* [[Cost of electricity by source]]<br />
* [[Distribution network operator]]<br />
* [[Dynamic voltage restoration]]<br />
* [[Electric utility]]<br />
* [[Electricity distribution companies by country]]<br />
* [[Electricity generation]]<br />
* [[Electricity retailing]]<br />
* [[Extra-low voltage]]<br />
* [[High voltage]]<br />
* [[Low voltage]]<br />
* [[Network protector]]<br />
* [[Overhead power line]]<br />
* [[Power distribution unit]]<br />
* [[Power-system automation]] – IEEE standard to interconnect tele-protection and multiplexer devices of power utility companies<br />
* [[Power system simulation]]<br />
* [[Transmission system operator]]<br />
* [[High-voltage transformer fire barriers]]<br />
* [[Ultra-high-voltage electricity transmission in China]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Wikiversity|Electrical Power Distribution}}<br />
*[https://ieee-pes.org/ IEEE Power Engineering Society]<br />
*[https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/td/dist/ IEEE Power Engineering Society Distribution Subcommittee]<br />
*[http://www.oe.energy.gov U.S. Department of Energy Electric Distribution website]<br />
<br />
{{Electricity generation}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Electric power distribution| ]]<br />
[[Category:Electrical engineering]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narasimham_(film)&diff=448104Narasimham (film)2026-03-17T18:11:25Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Narasimham<br />
| image = Narasimham (film).jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = [[Shaji Kailas]]<br />
| producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]<br />
| writer = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]<br />
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mohanlal]]|[[Thilakan]]|[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]|[[N. F. Varghese]]|[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]}}<br />
| music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt; [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;C. Rajamani<br />
| cinematography = Sanjeev Sankar<br />
| editing = [[L. Bhoominathan]]<br />
| studio = [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]<br />
| distributor = [[Swargachitra Appachan|Swargachitra]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2000|01|26}}<br />
| runtime = 175 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = {{INR}}1{{ndash}}2 crore{{efn|name="NarasimhamBudget"|''Narasimham''{{'s}} reported budgets vary between ₹1 crore (''[[Malayala Manorama]]''&lt;ref name="mm"&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sreedhar |first=Sajil |date=2025-04-11 |title=Mohanlal: The star who blends acting brilliance with box office might |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/11/malayalam-cinema-box-office-hits-mohanlal-films.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|OnManorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;) 2 crore (''[[International Business Times]]''&lt;ref name="boxoffice"/&gt;)}}<br />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}22 crore&lt;ref name="mm" /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-18 |title=Highest-grossing movies of Mohanlal that you should watch right now! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/highest-grossing-movies-of-mohanlal-that-you-should-watch-right-now/photostory/77038466.cms?picid=77038542 |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=What Was The Biggest Malayalam Hit In The Year You Were Born? |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-movies-what-was-the-biggest-malayalam-hit-in-the-year-you-were-born-mohanlal-mammootty-prithviraj-fazil |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Film Companion}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Narasimham''''' ({{Translation|The [[Narasimha|man-lion]]}}) is a 2000 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Shaji Kailas]] and written by [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]. ''Narasimham'' was released on 26 January 2000, India's 50th [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]],&lt;ref name="highest"/&gt; and ran for 200 days in theatres and grossed over 20 crores worldwide, which was a record in the Kerala box office.&lt;ref name="boxoffice"/&gt;<br />
The film stars [[Mohanlal]] in the title role with [[Thilakan]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[N. F. Varghese]], [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]] and [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] in pivotal roles. [[Mammootty]] appears in a cameo role. The film was the first production of [[Aashirvad Cinemas]], owned by [[Antony Perumbavoor]], the former chauffeur of Mohanlal.<br />
<br />
The film was re-released under the name ''Narasimham Returns'' in 2014, which premiered in [[Dubai]] and was re-released in [[Kerala]] on several occasions, where it still enjoys a [[cult following]].&lt;ref name=premiere/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/15-years-narasimham-returns/|title=After 15 Years Narasimham Returns-Mohanlal-Ranjith-|last=Webdesk|date=2014-12-04|website=onlookersmedia|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Adhipathi]]'' (2001), starring [[Mohan Babu]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]], [[Preeti Jhangiani]] and [[Soundarya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/adhipathi_printer.php |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |title=Movie Reviews Adhipathi |date=6 September 2002 |access-date=2 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301125601/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/adhipathi_printer.php |archive-date=1 March 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Poovalli Induchoodan is the only son of idealistic [[High Court Justice]] Maranchery Karunakara Menon, who is sentenced to 6 years imprisonment for murdering his classmate. He later learns that the Home Minister, Manappally Madhavan Nambiar and his crony [[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Sankaranarayanan had framed him to seek revenge on Justice Menon who had earlier given jail sentence to Manapally in a corruption case. Induchoodan, who had achieved rank in [[Civil Services Examination (India)|Civil exams]] loses the post and Manapally Sudheeran, Manappally's younger son enters the list of civil service trainees.<br />
<br />
It is later revealed that Ramakrishnan, who is the son of Mooppil and Manappally's top supporters, was the real killer. After six years, Madhavan Nambiar, who is now a former [[#Kerala State minister|state minister]], is dead and Induchoodan is released from prison. Induchoodan thwarts Manapally Pavithran, Manappally's elder son from performing the funeral rituals of his father at the banks of [[Bharathapuzha]]. Many confrontations between Induchoodan and Manapally's henchmen begin. Justice Menon and his wife Sharada return to Kerala to stay with Induchoodan. A girl named Indulekha claims to be the daughter of Justice Menon. Indulekha was manipulated by the Manappally's family members to take revenge on Induchoodan. Menon flatly refuses the claim and banishes her.<br />
<br />
Forced by circumstances and at the instigation and help of Manapally Pavithran, she reluctantly comes out open with the [[parentage]] claim. At first, Induchoodan thrashes the protesters, but upon knowing the truth from his maternal uncle Chandrabhanu, he accepts the task of her protection as her elder brother. Induchoodan decides to marry Indulekha to his good friend Jayakrishnan where he confronts Justice Menon and prods him to accept the mistake and acknowledge the parentage of Indulekha. Menon ultimately regrets and secretly goes on to confess to his daughter.<br />
<br />
The next morning, Induchoodan returns to Poovally, where he learns that Indulekha is found dead and Menon is accused of murdering her. The whole act was planned by Pavithran, who after killing Indulekha forces Raman Nair (Menon's long time servant) to testify against Menon in court. In court, Nandagopal Marar, a close friend of Induchoodan and a [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] [[lawyer]], appears for Menon and manages to lay bare the murder plot and hidden intentions of the other party. Menon is proven innocent and is released. After confronting Pavithran and promising to avenge Indulekha's death, Induchoodan meets Justice Menon, who is remorseful for all his actions, including not believing in the innocence of Induchoodan.<br />
<br />
While speaking to Induchoodan, Menon suffers a [[heart attack|stroke]] and passes away. At Menon's funeral, Manapally Pavithran arrives to poke fun at Induchoodan and also tries to carry out the postponed last rituals of his own father. Induchoodan interrupts the ritual and avenges the death of Indulekha and Justice Menon by severely injuring Pavithran. On his way back to a peaceful life, Induchoodan accepts Anuradha, who is the robust and honest daughter of Mooppil Nair as his life partner.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*[[Mohanlal]] as Maranchery Poovali Induchoodan "Achu" Menon<br />
*[[Thilakan]] as [[Judge|Justice]] Maranchery Karunakara Menon, Induchoodan's father<br />
*[[N. F. Varghese]] as Manappally Pavithran, Nambiar's elder son<br />
*[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]] as Anuradha, Induchoodan's love interest (voiceover by [[Sreeja Ravi]])<br />
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Poovalli Chandrabhanu, Induchoodan's maternal uncle<br />
*[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Eradi, Panchayath district president<br />
*[[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] as Sharada, M. K. Menon's wife and Induchoodan's mother<br />
*[[Spadikam George]] as Kalletti Vasudevan<br />
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Indulekha, Induchoodan's sister (voiceover by [[Bhagyalakshmi]])<br />
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Raman Nair<br />
*[[Irshad Ali (actor)|Irshad]] as Gopalan, Induchoodan's friend<br />
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Bharathan, Induchoodan's friend <br />
*[[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Govindankutty, Induchoodan's friend <br />
*[[Vijayakumar (Malayalam actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Jayakrishnan, Induchoodan's best friend<br />
*[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] as [[Superintendent of police|SP]] Manappally Sudheeran, Nambiar's younger son<br />
*[[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as [[Inspector|CI]] Habeeb, Induchoodan's friend<br />
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Venu Master<br />
*[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Manappally Madhavan Nambiar<br />
*[[Narendra Prasad]] as Mooppil Nair, Ramakrishnan and Anuradha's father<br />
*[[Bheeman Raghu]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DySP]] Sankaranarayanan<br />
*[[Mohan Raj]] as Bhaskaran<br />
*E. A. Rajendran as Ramakrishnan<br />
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Sharadi, Indulekha's relative<br />
*[[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Anuradha's mother<br />
*[[Ponnamma Babu]] as Jayalakshmi teacher<br />
*[[Kollam Ajith]] as Vasudevan, Pavithran's henchmen<br />
*[[Kollam Thulasi]] as [[Public Prosecutor]] Gopinathan<br />
*[[Jagannatha Varma]] as [[Judge|Justice]] Pillai<br />
*[[Mammootty]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Nandagopal Marar (cameo appearance){{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Narasimham<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2000<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Filmi]]<br />
| length = 31:05<br />
| label = Sargam Speed Audios&lt;br /&gt;[[Satyam Audios]]<br />
| producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Kannezhuthi Pottum Thottu]]<br />
| prev_year = 1999<br />
| next_title = [[Pilots (film)|Pilots]]<br />
| next_year = 2000<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The film's original soundtrack includes five songs composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] and a total of eight tracks. Lyrics were by [[Gireesh Puthenchery]]. The soundtrack album was released by Sargam Speed Audios and later the audio right was acquired by [[Satyam Audios]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Narasimham (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by M. G. Radhakrishnan |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/narasimham-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1474050139 |publisher=[[iTunes]] |access-date=25 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song "Aarodum Onnum" featuring [[Mohanlal]] and Aishwarya is not included in the film's home video version.<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Narasimham (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
<br />
| title1 = Narasimham<br />
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br />
| length1 = 3:50<br />
<br />
| title2 = Manjin Mutheduthu<br />
| extra2 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[K S Chithra]]<br />
| length2 = 4:40<br />
<br />
| title3 = Aarodum Onnum<br />
| note3 = Male version<br />
| extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br />
| length3 = 5:32<br />
<br />
| title4 = Amme Nile<br />
| note4 = Version 1<br />
| extra4 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br />
| length4 = 4:03<br />
<br />
| title5 = Manjin Mutheduthu<br />
| note5 = Female version<br />
| extra5 = [[K S Chithra]]<br />
| length5 = 4:39<br />
<br />
| title6 = Amme Nile<br />
| note6 = Version 2<br />
| extra6 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]]<br />
| length6 = 4:13<br />
<br />
| title7 = Aarodum Onnum<br />
| extra7 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br />
| length7 = 5:16<br />
<br />
| title8 = Pazhanimala<br />
| extra8 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]]<br />
| length8 = 5:35<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Narasimham'' was released on 26 January 2000 on India's [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]. It was re-released on 5 December 2014 in [[Dubai]] after 15 years. The re-release was part of a special programme organised under the title ''Narasimham Returns'' on the occasion of celebrating the 15th anniversary of the film. It premiered at Golden Cinemas, Dubai. The premiere was attended by the major cast and crew of the film and subsequent screenings was received well by public. Later, it was released in [[Kerala]].&lt;ref name=premiere&gt;{{cite web|author=IndiaGlitz|title=Narasimham to Return|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/narasimham-to-return-malayalam-news-117027.html|website=Indiaglitz.com|access-date=23 January 2016|date=23 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Akhila Menon|title=Narasimham To Re-release On Dec 5|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/narasimham-to-re-rerelease-on-december-5-166410.html|publisher=Filmibeat.com|access-date=23 January 2016|date=3 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In 2016, ''Narasimham Returns'' was re-released in seven districts in Kerala. The special screenings were held in [[Ernakulam]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kottayam]], [[Kannur]], [[Pathanamthitta]] and [[Kollam]] on 26 January 2016.&lt;ref name=rerelease&gt;{{cite news|author=Anu James|title=Narasimham returns: Mohanlal starrer to be re-released in 7 theatres on Republic Day|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/narasimham-returns-mohanlal-starrer-be-re-released-7-theatres-republic-day-664264|access-date=23 January 2016|agency=[[International Business Times]]|date=23 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
===Box office===<br />
The film was released in 32 centres in Kerala. It collected a distributor's share of {{INR Convert|2|c}} in 35 days from the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/717/2crore.jpg/|title=Narasimham:Two crore share in 35 days|publisher=[[Vellinakshatram (magazine)|Vellinakshatram]]|website=[[ImageShack]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023092507/http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/717/2crore.jpg/|archive-date=23 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film completed 200 days in theatres. Producer's profits were estimated at {{INR}}10 crore.&lt;ref name="profit"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000825/renews.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213081145/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000825/renews.htm|archive-date=13 February 2011|title=Flops galore, soft porn rules in Kerala|author=Ayyappa Prasad|publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|date=25 August 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Narasimham'' generated around {{INR}}7 crore for the distributor's share.&lt;ref name="Shaji Kailas"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20001027/recover.htm|title=Action films are his forteasari|author=Ayyappa Prasad|publisher=[[Screen India]]|date=27 October 2000|access-date=14 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220090452/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20001027/recover.htm|archive-date=20 December 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the time, the film was the highest-grossing film in Malayalam cinema.&lt;ref name="profit" /&gt; The film also created history for screening with maximum number of additional shows for any Malayalam film, which took 16 years to surpass by ''[[Premam]]'' (2015).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Nicy V. P.|title=Box-Office Collection: 'Premam', 'Oru Vadakkan Selfie' Success Makes Nivin Pauly Ultimate Winner of Malayalam Cinema 2015|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-premam-oru-vadakkan-selfie-success-makes-nivin-pauly-ultimate-winner-637111|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=25 June 2015|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=G. Krishnakumar|title=Premam is in the air|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/premam-is-in-the-air/article7290979.ece|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 June 2015|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the highest rated films in the television.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/narasimham-to-celebrate-15-years/103507/story.htm|title='Narasimham' to celebrate 15 years|publisher=Nowrunning.com|access-date=1 July 2016|date=23 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
The film grossed {{INR Convert|18|c}} at the box office against a budget of {{INR Convert|2|c}},&lt;ref name="333 CRORES"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mohanlal-celebrates-16th-anniversary-narasimham-pulimurugan-sets-photo-664720|author=Anu James|title=Mohanlal celebrates 16th anniversary of Narasimham on Pulimurugan sets [PHOTO]|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=27 January 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; making it the highest-grossing Malayalam film ever, at the time.&lt;ref name="highest"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/24mallu.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=R. Ayyappan|title=Movies: Sleaze time, folks!|access-date=1 July 2016|date=1 January 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; It ran for more than 200 days in theatres.&lt;ref name="boxoffice"&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mohanlal-mammootty-starrer-narasimham-15th-anniversary-celebrations-dubai-gets-grand-response-616307|author=Anu James|title=Mohanlal-Mammootty Starrer 'Narasimham': 15th Anniversary Celebration in Dubai Gets Grand Response [PHOTOS]|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=6 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=rediff.com, Movies: Sleaze time, folks!|url=https://m.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jan/24mallu.htm|access-date=2021-06-28|website=m.rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Accolades ===<br />
;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Kerala Film Critics Award]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film Critics Awards Complete List From 1977 Till 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |website=Kerala Film Critics Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Popular Film|Best Popular Film]] - [[Shaji Kailas]] (director)<br />
<br />
;[[Asianet Film Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2001-02-23 |title=Mammooty, Samyuktaverma win Asianet film awards |url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-shows/awards/mammooty-samyuktaverma-win-asianet-film-awards-010223 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=IndianTelevision.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*[[Asianet Film Awards#Best Film|Best Film]] - [[Antony Perumbavoor]] (producer)<br />
*[[Asianet Film Awards#Best Director|Best Director]] - Shaji Kailas<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
Mohanlal's punch dialogue in the film ''Nee Po Mone Dinesha'' has become an iconic Malayalam catchphrase.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Nandagopal Rajan|title=#PoMoneModi: Angry Kerala responds to PM Modi's Somalia comparision &amp;#91;sic&amp;#93; |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pomonemodi-trends-across-india-as-kerala-twitterati-vent-ire-at-pm/|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=12 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=DNA webdesk|title=Watch: When Chris Gayle imitated Mohanlal's famous dialogue!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-when-chris-gayle-imitated-mohanlal-s-famous-dialogue-2144912|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=13 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Mundu]] worn by Mohanlal in this film, popularly known as ''Narasimham Mundu'', became a fashion trend among youngsters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mohanlal-turns-55-8-performances-that-prove-he-is-the-most-bankable-successful-star-of-indian-cinema-994811.html|author=Roktim Rajpal|title=Mohanlal turns 55: 8 performances that prove he is the most bankable, successful star of Indian cinema|access-date=1 July 2016|work=[[News18]]|date=21 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Shaji Kailas"/&gt; The film includes five songs composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]], of which ''Dhaankinakka/Pazhanimala'' and Mohanlal's introduction song attained a high level of popularity. The film was the 1000th acting credit of Jagathy Sreekumar.<br />
<br />
=== PoMoneModi campaign ===<br />
Two years after being elected as the prime minister, [[Narendra Modi]] visited the state of [[Kerala]] in May 2016 to campaign for the BJP in the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]. During a campaign rally, Modi gave a speech in which he compared the infant mortality rate (IMR) of [[Kerala]] to that of [[Somalia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-does-pm-modi-get-when-he-compares-kerala-somalia-pomonemodi-trend-43051 | title=What does PM Modi get when he compares Kerala to Somalia? A #PoMoneModi trend | date=11 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kerala]] is one of the most religiously heterogeneous states in India, and the Kerala model has consistently been praised as one of the most socially developed states. At the time of his remarks, Kerala had the lowest IMR in India at 10,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/at-6-keralas-single-digit-imr-a-great-achievement/article37195817.ece | title=At 6, Kerala's single-digit IMR a great achievement | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 October 2021 | last1=Maya | first1=C. }}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Gujarat|Gujarat's]] was 30, the national average stood at 34,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Press Release: Press Information Bureau | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1796436 | access-date=2025-05-10 | website=pib.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Somalia]] had an IMR of 137. As a consequence, a social media campaign took off using the hashtag [[PoMoneModi]] ("[[Go Back Modi]]"), inspired by the famous Narasimham punchline.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pomonemodi-trends-across-india-as-kerala-twitterati-vent-ire-at-pm/ | title=#PoMoneModi: Angry Kerala responds to PM Modi's Somalia comparision | date=12 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0273870}}<br />
<br />
{{Shaji Kailas}}<br />
{{Aashirvad Cinemas}}<br />
{{Ranjith}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2000 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2000 films]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by M. G. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Shaji Kailas]]<br />
[[Category:2000 action films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot at Varikkasseri Mana]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]<br />
[[Category:Aashirvad Cinemas films]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Indian_Villagers_going_to_Market&diff=536835South Indian Villagers going to Market2026-03-17T15:47:24Z<p>Harryson3545: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1937 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{Infobox artwork<br />
| title = South Indian Villagers going to Market<br />
| image =<br />
| artist = [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]<br />
| year = 1937<br />
| medium = Oil on canvas<br />
| width_metric = 90<br />
| length_metric = 147.3<br />
| metric_unit = cm<br />
| imperial_unit = in<br />
| museum = [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], [[New Delhi]]<br />
}}<br />
'''''South Indian Villagers going to Market''''' is an [[oil on canvas]] painting by Hungarian-Indian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]].<ref name=Sundaram2010.807>Sundaram, p. 807</ref><ref name=Rana2017>{{cite journal |last1=Rana |first1=Subir |title=Framing the political, rebellious and 'desiring' body: Amrita Sher-Gil and the 'Modern' in Painting |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |date=2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=35–53 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26317442?searchText=&searchUri=&ab_segments=&searchKey=&refreqid=fastly-default%3A5032121bf12a572137885ff7b08405fb |issn=0376-9771}}</ref> It was painted at Sher-Gil's home, The Holme, [[Shimla]], [[British India|India]], around October- November 1937, along with the two smaller compositions, ''The Story Teller'' and ''Siesta''.<ref name=Dalmia2013.98>Dalmia, p. 98</ref><ref name=Sundaram2010.416>Sundaram, pp. 416-417</ref> It is one of her large compositions and one of her South Indian trilogy, along with ''[[Bride's Toilet]]'' and ''[[Brahmacharis (painting)|Brahmacharis]]''.<ref name=Sundaram2010.370>Sundaram, p. 370</ref><ref name=Dalmia2013.201>Dalmia, p. 201</ref><ref name=Keserü>{{cite book |last1=Keserü |first1=Katalin |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=8. Amrita Sher-Gil: the Indian painter and her French and Hungarian connections|pages=111-112}}</ref> In 1937 it was displayed at [[Amrita Sher-Gil's paintings at Lahore (1937)|her Lahore exhibition]] for a price of ₹1,500.<ref name=Sundaram2010.422>Sundaram, p. 422</ref><br />
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil painting South Indian Villagers Going to Market 1937 Simla.jpg|thumb|275px|[[Amrita Sher-Gil]] painting ''South Indian Villagers Going to Market'', 1937, with three of its models at her home in Simla.]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Dalmia|first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |language=en}}<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1|pages=1–417|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=418–821|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}<br />
<br />
{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]<br />
[[Category:1937 paintings]]<br />
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]<br />
[[Category:Paintings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Paintings of women]]<br />
[[Category:Paintings of children]]<br />
[[Category:Genre paintings]]<br />
[[Category:Bananas in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Paintings of fruit]]<br />
<br />
{{India-culture-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zubin_Mehta&diff=457168Zubin Mehta2026-03-16T15:56:03Z<p>Harryson3545: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian conductor (born 1936)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Zubin Mehta<br />
| image = Zubin Mehta, 1985 - collezione Tino Barindelli.tif<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = Mehta in 1985<br />
| birth_name =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1936|4|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br />
| occupation = Conductor<br />
| years_active = 1958–present<br />
| spouse = {{ubl| {{marriage|Carmen Lasky|1958|1964|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Nancy Kovack]]<br>|1969}} }}<br />
| children = 4<br />
| father = [[Mehli Mehta]]<br />
| organizations = {{ubl| [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]] | [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] | [[New York Philharmonic]] | [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] }}<br />
| relatives = [[Zarin Mehta]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.zubinmehta.net}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zubin Mehta''' (born 29 April 1936) is an Indian conductor of Western classical music. He is music director emeritus of the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] (IPO) and conductor [[:wikt:emeritus|emeritus]] of the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]].<br />
<br />
Mehta's father was the founder of the Bombay Symphony Orchestra, and Mehta received his early musical education from him. When he was 18, he enrolled in the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna|Vienna state music academy]], from which he graduated after three years with a diploma as a conductor. He began winning international competitions and conducted the [[Royal Liverpool Philharmonic]] at the age of 21. Beginning in the 1960s, Mehta gained experience by substituting for celebrated maestros throughout the world.<br />
<br />
Mehta was music director of the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]] from 1961 to 1967 and of the Los Angeles Philharmonic from 1962 to 1978, the youngest music director ever for any major North American orchestra (now tied with Gustavo Dudamel, who was hired by the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 2007 at age 26 as well). In 1969, he was appointed music adviser to the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] and in 1981 he became its music director for life. From 1978 to 1991, Mehta was music director of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. He was chief conductor of the [[Maggio Musicale Fiorentino]] in [[Florence]] from 1985 to 2017.<br />
<br />
He is an honorary citizen of both Florence and [[Tel Aviv]] and was made an honorary member of the [[Vienna State Opera]] in 1997 and of the [[Bavarian State Opera]] in 2006. The title of honorary conductor was bestowed on him by numerous orchestras throughout the world. More recently, Mehta made several tours with the Bavarian State Opera and kept up a busy schedule of guest conducting appearances. In December 2006, he received the [[Kennedy Center Honor]] and in October 2008 he was honored by the Japanese Imperial Family with the [[Praemium Imperiale]]. In 2016, Mehta was appointed honorary conductor of the [[Teatro San Carlo]], Naples.<br />
<br />
Mehta was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gop Platform Committee Urged to Give Support to Israel |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/gop-platform-committee-urged-to-give-support-to-israel |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early years and education==<br />
Mehta was born into a [[Parsi]] family in [[Mumbai|Bombay (now Mumbai)]], India, during the [[British Raj]], the older son of [[Mehli Mehta|Mehli]] (1908–2002) and Tehmina (Daruvala) Mehta.<ref name=Opera/><ref>{{cite web|title=Those Nights in Nairobi|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/those-nights-in-nairobi/290794|work=[[Outlook India]]|date=2 June 2014|first=Pranay|last=Sharma}}</ref> His native language is [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/.premium-zubin-mehta-is-worried-israel-is-isolated-1.5437646|title=Zubin Mehta Is Worried: 'Israel Is Isolated'|first=Haggai|last=Hitron|date=23 April 2016|work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> His father was a self-taught [[violin]]ist who founded and conducted the [[Bombay Symphony Orchestra]] and later the [[American Youth Symphony]], which he conducted for 33 years after moving to [[Los Angeles]]. His father had previously lived in New York to study with [[violinist]] [[Ivan Galamian]], a noted teacher who also taught [[Itzhak Perlman]] and [[Pinchas Zukerman]]. His father returned to Bombay as an accomplished violinist of the Russian school. Mehta has said that on many occasions when he conducts in the U.S., someone approaches him to say, "You don't know how much I loved your father!"<ref name=Opera/><br />
<br />
Mehta has described his childhood as surrounded by music at home all the time, and has said he probably learned to speak Gujarati and sing around the same time. He says his father had a strong influence on him, and he listened to his quartet daily after his father returned from the US after the Second World War.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tiwari |first1=Noopur |title=Zubin Mehta in Conversation |url=https://parsikhabar.net/india/zubin-mehta-in-conversation/1215/ |website=parsikhabar.net |date=29 September 2008 |access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Mehta was first taught to play violin and piano by his father. When he reached his early teens, his father allowed him to lead sectional rehearsals of the Bombay Symphony, and at sixteen, he was conducting the full orchestra during rehearsals.<ref name=Moritz>Moritz, Charles, editor. ''Current Biography Yearbook, 1969'', The H. W. Wilson Co., New York (1984) pp. 287–289</ref><br />
<br />
Mehta graduated from [[St. Mary's School, Mumbai]] and went on to study medicine at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]], at the urging of his mother, who wanted him to take up a profession more "respectable" than music.<ref name=Moritz/> At age eighteen, he dropped out after two years to move to Vienna, one of Europe's music centers, in order to study music under [[Hans Swarowsky]] at the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna|state music academy]].<ref name=Moritz/> He lived on $75 per month, and was a contemporary of conductor [[Claudio Abbado]] and conductor-pianist [[Daniel Barenboim]].<br />
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He remained at the academy for three years, during which time he also studied the [[double bass]], which he played in the [[Vienna Chamber Orchestra]].<ref name=Moritz/> Swarowsky recognized Mehta's abilities early on, describing him as a "demoniac conductor" who "had it all".<ref name=Time/> While still a student, after the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]], he organized a student orchestra in seven days and conducted it in a concert at a refugee camp outside Vienna.<ref name=Time/><br />
<br />
Mehta graduated in 1957 when he was 21 with a diploma in conducting.<ref name=Moritz/> In 1958, he entered the Liverpool International Conductor's Competition with 100 contestants and took first prize. The prize included a year's contract as associate conductor of the [[Royal Liverpool Philharmonic]], which he conducted in 14 concerts, all of which received rave reviews.<ref name=Moritz/><br />
<br />
He then was a third-place prizewinner at the summer academy at the [[Tanglewood Music Center]] in Massachusetts.<ref name="Mehta">{{Cite web |title=Zubin Mehta: biography |url=http://www.zubinmehta.net/5.0.html |website=www.zubinmehta.net}}</ref> At that competition he attracted the notice of [[Charles Munch (conductor)|Charles Munch]], then the conductor of the [[Boston Symphony]], who later helped his career.<ref name=Moritz/> In 1958, he boldly programmed an all-Schoenberg concert, which did so well that he accepted further bookings.<ref name=Time/> That same year he also married a Canadian voice student, Carmen Lasky, whom he met in Vienna.<ref name=Time/><br />
<br />
==Conducting career==<br />
===1960s===<br />
<br />
During 1960 and 1961, Mehta was asked to substitute for celebrated maestros throughout the world, receiving high critical acclaim for most of those concerts.<ref name=Time/> In 1960, he conducted a series for the [[Vienna Symphony]] and later that summer made his New York conducting debut leading the [[New York Philharmonic]].<ref name=Moritz/><br />
<br />
{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = MistyRose|quote=[Mehta] has the capacity to control every sound made by an orchestra, and he does this with the simplest of gestures, every one of which has an immediate and perceptible effect. He has a talent for conveying a mood of serenity, or of serene grandeur, to both orchestra and audiences that is rare indeed among the younger generation of conductors.|source= —Music critic [[Winthrop Sargeant]],<br>on Mehta's 1967 New York debut at [[Carnegie Hall]]<ref>{{cite magazine|author-link=Winthrop Sargeant |last=Sargeant |first= Winthrop |magazine= The New Yorker |volume=43 |issue=12 |date=13 May 1967 |title=Musical Events |page=164}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
In 1960, with the help of Charles Munch, Mehta became the chief conductor and Music Director of the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]], a post he held until 1967. By 1961, he had already conducted the [[Vienna Philharmonic|Vienna]], [[Berlin Philharmonic|Berlin]] and [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|Israel Philharmonic]] orchestras.<ref name=Mehta /> In 1962, he took the Montreal Symphony and Canadian soloists (pianist [[Ronald Turini]] and soprano [[Teresa Stratas]]) on a concert tour to Moscow, Leningrad, Paris and Vienna. Mehta was most apprehensive about his concert in Vienna, which he said was considered the "capital of Western music". His single concert there received a 20-minute ovation, 14 curtain calls, and two encores.<ref>Graham, Harriet. ''[[Maclean's]]'', 4 July 1964{{full citation needed|date=November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1961, he was named assistant conductor of the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] (LAP), although the orchestra's music director designate, [[Georg Solti]], was not consulted on the appointment, and resigned in protest.<ref>{{Cite magazine| title=Buffie & the Baton | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872266,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204215340/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872266,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 February 2011 | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=14 April 1961 | access-date=8 November 2007}}</ref> The orchestra had been without a permanent conductor for four years when Mehta started directing it.<ref name=Moritz/><br />
<br />
Mehta was named Music Director of the orchestra and held the post from 1962 to 1978. When he began his first season with the orchestra in 1962, he was 26, the youngest person ever to hold that title.<ref name=Moritz/> As he had also conducted the Montreal Symphony during those early years, he became the first person to direct two North American symphony orchestras at the same time.<ref name=Moritz /><br />
<br />
As the LAP's first conductor in four years, Mehta worked to polish its overall sound to something closer to the [[Vienna Philharmonic]]'s. He succeeded in making its sound warmer and richer by fostering competition among the musicians, shifting assignments, giving promotions and changing seating arrangements.<ref name=Time/> He also inspired the musicians; 21-year-old cellist [[Jacqueline du Pré]] said, "He provides a magic carpet for you to float on." Cellist Kurt Reher recalls Mehta's first rehearsal with the orchestra: "within two beats we were entranced. It seemed this young man had the ability, the musical knowledge of a man of 50 or 55."<ref name=Time/><br />
<br />
In 1965, after Mehta's debut with the [[Metropolitan Opera]]'s performance of ''[[Aida]]'', music critic [[Alan Rich]] wrote, "Mehta brought to the conducting of the score a kind of bedazzlement that has no peer in recent times ... It was a lunging, teeming, breathless performance that still had plenty of breath."<ref name=Moritz/> He subsequently conducted the Met in performances of ''Carmen'', ''Tosca'', and ''Turandot''.<br />
<br />
For Montreal's [[Expo 67]], he conducted both the Montreal and the Los Angeles orchestras together for a performance of [[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]]'s ''[[Symphonie fantastique]]''.<ref name=Moritz /> Also that year, Mehta conducted the world premier of [[Marvin David Levy]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]''.<ref name=Moritz /><br />
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By May 1967, his schedule was becoming overcrowded and he resigned his Montreal post. That fall he took the 107-member Los Angeles Philharmonic on an eight-week tour, including engagements in Vienna, Paris, Athens, and Bombay.<ref name=Moritz/> By 1968, his popularity kept him busier than the year before, including 22 weeks of concerts with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, three operas at the Met, television appearances in the U.S. and Italy, five recording sessions, and guest appearances at five festivals and with five orchestras.<ref name=Moritz/> ''Time'' magazine put him on its cover in January 1968.<ref name=Time>[https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19680119,00.html Zubin Mehta cover story], ''Time'', 19 January 1968</ref> In 1969 his schedule remained equally active.<ref name=Moritz/><br />
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In 1970, Mehta performed with Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention on Zappa's "200 Motels" and Edgar Varese's Intergrales, at [[UCLA]]'s Pauley Pavilion basketball stadium with an audience of 12,000. There is no authorized recording, though some bootlegs exist.<br />
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===1970s–1980s===<br />
In 1978, Mehta became the music director and principal conductor of the [[New York Philharmonic]] and remained there until his resignation in 1991.<br />
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[[File:Isaac Stern - Mehta - 1980.JPG|thumb|left|Mehta with [[Isaac Stern]] at Lincoln Center, 1980]]<br />
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He became music director of the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] (IPO) in 1977. He began the first of many guest appearances with the IPO in 1961. In 1966, he toured with the orchestra, and during the [[1967 Arab–Israeli war]], he rushed back to Israel to conduct several special concerts to demonstrate solidarity with its people.<ref name=Chicago>"Mehta mated to Israel Philharmonic", ''Chicago Tribune'', 12 March 2014, pp. 3–4.</ref> He was appointed IPO's music advisor in 1969, music director in 1977, and was made its music director for life in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/|title=Newsday &#124; Long Island's & NYC's News Source|website=Newsday}}</ref><br />
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During his five-decade connection with the IPO, he has conducted it in thousands of concerts in Israel and abroad.<ref name=Opera /> He conducted concerts with the IPO in South Lebanon in 1982, after which Arabs rushed onstage to hug the musicians.<ref name=LATimes /> He conducted it during the [[Gulf War]] in 1991, when the audience brought gas masks; in 2007, it played for an entirely Arab audience in Nazareth.<ref name=LATimes /> He claims to have a deep kinship with Israel's musicians and the spirit and tradition of the Jewish people.<ref name=Chicago /> He adds that conducting the IPO is "something I do for my heart".<ref name=Chicago /> Recalling those earlier years, he says: "How I would love to see that sight again today, of Arabs and Jews hugging each other. I'm a positive thinker. I know this day will come."<ref name=LATimes /><br />
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In 1978, Mehta left the Los Angeles Philharmonic to become music director for the [[New York Philharmonic]] (NYP).<ref name=LATimes>"Classical Music", ''Los Angeles Times'', 28 January 2007</ref> Among the reasons he wanted to direct the NYP was that it allowed him to experiment with new ideas, such as taking the orchestra to Harlem. There, they played at the Abyssinian Baptist Church each year. Accompanying the orchestra with Mehta for various concerts were [[Isaac Stern]], [[Itzhak Perlman]], and [[Kathleen Battle]].<ref name=LATimes /> He stayed with the NYP until 1991.<ref name=LATimes /><br />
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{{external media|float=right|width=200px|audio1=You may hear Zubin Mehta with the [[Israel Philharmonic]] in [[Antonin Dvorak]]'s Symphony No. 7 in D minor, Op. 70 in 1968 [https://archive.org/details/lp_israel-philharmonic-tour-1968-symphony-n_antonin-dvoak-israel-philharmonic-orchestr/disc1/01.01.+Symphony+No.+7+In+D+Minor%2C+Op.+70%3A+Allegro+Maestoso.mp3 <br /> '''Here on Archive.org''']}}<br />
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From 1985 to 2017, Mehta was chief conductor of the Teatro del [[Maggio Musicale Fiorentino]] in Florence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://firenze.repubblica.it/tempo-libero/articoli/musica/2015/04/13/news/mehta_il_mio_contratto_col_maggio_fino_al_2017_poi_saro_un_uccello_libero_-111877036/|title=La Repubblica, 13 April 2015|access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> From 1998 until 2006, he was music director of the [[Bavarian State Opera]] in Munich. The [[Munich Philharmonic]] named him its Honorary Conductor. Since 2005, Mehta has been the main conductor of the [[Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía|Palau de les Arts]], the new opera house of the [[Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències]] in [[Valencia]], Spain.<br />
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While he was the conductor of the New York Philharmonic, Mehta commissioned [[Ravi Shankar]]'s Concerto No. 2 for sitar and orchestra. Following New York performances, the concerto was later recorded with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]].<ref name=Score>Mehta, Zubin. ''Zubin Mehta: The Score of My Life'', Hal Leonard Corp. (2006), translated from Droemer Verlag (Germany) (2006)</ref>{{rp|vii}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://images.mid-day.com/images/2016/apr/Zubin-Mehta-2.jpg|title=Photo of album cover for "Ravi Sharkar and Zubin Mehta, Sitar Concerto No. 2"|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230158/http://images.mid-day.com/images/2016/apr/Zubin-Mehta-2.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnFYxh2wQys&list=PLbBfVVaL_GQOrLvtreprQ_27ohbjifr4n |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211113/dnFYxh2wQys |archive-date=13 November 2021 |url-status=live|title=Ravi Shankar, Mian Ki Malhar, Raga-Mala, Sitar Concerto 2, Roerich|date=30 January 2011 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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===1990s===<br />
In 1998, he went to Munich where he began directing the [[Bavarian State Opera]], because, he said, it provided "another panorama for me, to be involved in the running of an opera house".<ref name=LATimes/><br />
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In 1990, he conducted the Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the Orchestra del Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in the first ever [[Three Tenors]] concert in Rome, joining the tenors again in 1994 at the [[Dodger Stadium]], Los Angeles. In between those appearances, he conducted the historic 1992 production of ''[[Tosca]]'' in which each act took place in the actual setting and at the actual time specified in the score. This production starred [[Catherine Malfitano]] in the title role, [[Plácido Domingo]] as Cavaradossi and [[Ruggero Raimondi]] as Baron Scarpia. Act I was telecast live from Rome's Basilica of [[Sant'Andrea della Valle]] on Saturday, 11 July, at noon (Central European Daylight Saving Time); act II was telecast later that evening from the [[Palazzo Farnese]] at 9:40&nbsp;p.m.; act III was telecast live on Sunday, 12 July, at&nbsp;7:00&nbsp;am from the [[Castel Sant'Angelo]], also known as Hadrian's Tomb.<br />
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[[File:Zubin Mehta at NCPA.jpg|thumb|left|Mehta conducting the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] in Mumbai, October 2008]]<br />
In June 1994, Mehta performed the [[Requiem (Mozart)|Mozart Requiem]] with the members of the [[Sarajevo]] Symphony Orchestra and Chorus at the ruins of Sarajevo's National Library, in a fundraising concert for the victims of armed conflict and remembrance of the thousands of people killed in the [[Yugoslav Wars]]. On 29 August 1999, he conducted Mahler's [[Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 2]] (''Resurrection''), at the vicinity of [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] in [[Weimar]], with the [[Bavarian State Orchestra]] and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra sitting alongside each other.<br />
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He toured India (Mumbai) in 1984 with the New York Philharmonic, and again in November–December 1994 with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, along with soloists [[Itzhak Perlman]] and [[Gil Shaham]]. In 1997 and 1998, Mehta worked in collaboration with Chinese film director [[Zhang Yimou]] on a production of [[Giacomo Puccini]]'s opera ''[[Turandot]]'', which they took to Florence and to Beijing, where it was staged in its actual surroundings in the Forbidden City, with over 300 extras and 300 soldiers, for nine historic performances. The making of this production was chronicled in the documentary ''The Turandot Project'', which Mehta narrated.<br />
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Mehta was a guest conductor for the [[American Russian Young Artists Orchestra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/ccsi/usnisorg/educultr/aryo.htm|title=The American Russian Youth Orchestra (ARYO)|website=www.friends-partners.org|access-date=29 December 2020|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210055737/http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/ccsi/usnisorg/educultr/aryo.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bard.edu/news/releases/pr/fstory.php?id=53|title=AMERICAN RUSSIAN YOUNG ARTISTS ORCHESTRA OPENS AMERICAN TOUR WITH SPECIAL CONCERT AT BARD COLLEGE ON MONDAY, JUNE 14, AT 7 P.M. &#124; Bard College Public Relations|first=Bard Public|last=Relations|website=www.bard.edu}}</ref><br />
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===2000s===<br />
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 8929 Shalit concert.JPG|thumb| Mehta in 2010]]<br />
On 26 December 2005, the first anniversary of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean tsunami]], Mehta and the Bavarian State Orchestra performed for the first time in [[Chennai]] (formerly Madras) at the [[Madras Music Academy]]. This [[tsunami]] memorial concert was organized by the German consulate in Chennai along with the Max-Mueller Bhavan/[[Goethe-Institut]]. 2006 was his last year with the Bavarian State Orchestra.<br />
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===2010s===<br />
In 2011, Mehta's performance with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra at [[The Proms]] in London was picketed and interrupted by pro-Palestinian protesters,<ref>da Fonseca-Wollheim, Corinna. [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/arts/music/zubin-mehta-of-the-israel-philharmonic-on-that-nations-affairs.html?ref=arts&_r=0 "Political Views Test the Harmony"], ''The New York Times'', 19 March 2014.</ref> which caused the BBC to halt the live radio relay of the concert, the first such incident in Proms history. In September 2013, Mehta appeared with the [[Bavarian State Orchestra]] at a special concert, ''Ehsaas e Kashmir'', organized by the German Embassy in India, at Mughal Gardens, [[Srinagar]]. Mehta and the orchestra renounced their usual fees for this concert.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zubin Mehta's Kashmir Concert begins in Srinagar amid Protests|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/zubin-mehtas-kashmir-concert-begins-in-srinagar-amid-protests/|access-date=7 September 2013}}</ref><br />
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In October 2015, he returned to [[Chennai]] to perform with the [[Australian World Orchestra|Australian World Orchestra (AWO)]] at the [[Madras Music Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zubin Mehta Brings Shower of Melodies to Chennai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/oct/29/zubin-mehta-brings-shower-of-melodies-to-chennai-835906.html|first=Roshne |last=Balasubramanian|access-date=22 June 2020|website=The New Indian Express|date=29 October 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Alexander|first=Deepa|date=29 October 2015|title=A perfect score by Zubin Mehta|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/zubin-mehta-in-chennai/article7815034.ece|access-date=22 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
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In 2016, the Harbin Symphony Orchestra and the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] performed two concerts conducted by Mehta in the frame of 33rd Harbin Summer Music Festival at [[Harbin Concert Hall]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/10/arts/music/in-china-rejuvenating-a-classical-music-heritage-linked-to-a-jewish-community.html|title=In China, Rejuvenating a Classical Music Heritage Linked to a Jewish Community|last=Qin|first=Amy|date=9 August 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=8 May 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br />
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In December 2016, the Israel Philharmonic announced that Mehta would conclude his tenure as music director in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news | title=Zubin Mehta announces retirement from Israel Philharmonic | url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Zubin-Mehta-announces-retirement-from-Israel-Philharmonic-476574 | work=The Jerusalem Post| date=26 December 2016 | access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> He now has the title of music director emeritus of the Israel Philharmonic.<br />
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In August 2022, Mehta conducted the [[Australian World Orchestra|Australian World Orchestra (AWO)]] in [[Sydney]] and [[Melbourne]] at Concert Hall, [[Sydney Opera House]] and Hamer Hall, [[Arts Centre Melbourne]]. He also conducted the AWO at the [[Edinburgh International Festival]] and the [[BBC Proms|BBC Proms 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Media – Australian World Orchestra |date=19 July 2020 |url=https://www.australianworldorchestra.com.au/about-us/media/|website=Australianworldorchestra.com.au |access-date=28 April 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
Attractive and charming with a flamboyant style, Mehta earned a reputation as a ladykiller and the nickname “Zubie Baby.”<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Michaela|date=November 7, 1978 |title=For Nancy Mehta, Wife of the Conductor, Life Is a Gilded Cage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/11/07/archives/for-nancy-mehta-wife-of-the-conductor-life-is-a-gilded-cage-she.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=9 February 2026}}</ref><br />
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His first marriage was to Canadian soprano Carmen Lasky in 1958. They have a son, an executive director of performing arts for [[The Royal Conservatory of Music]] in Toronto, and a daughter. In 1964 they divorced.<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,841207-8,00.html Gypsy Boy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925173226/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,841207-8,00.html |date=25 September 2023 }}, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.</ref> Two years after the divorce, Lasky married Mehta's brother, [[Zarin Mehta]], formerly the executive director of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. <br />
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His second daughter was born in Los Angeles in 1967, the offspring of an affair he had between his marriages.<ref name="Mid-day">{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/Zubin-Mehta-biography-extract--At-first--my-mother-thought-it-was-incest-17119178|title=Zubin Mehta biography extract: At first, my mother thought it was incest|agency=[[Mid-day]]|date=10 April 2016|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><br />
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In July 1969, Mehta married [[Nancy Kovack]], an American former film and television actress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theclassicalstation.org/trivia/15.shtmlinfo|title=Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Music and Musicians|website=Theclassicalstation.org}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His second son was born in the 1990s as the result of an [[extra-marital]] affair in Israel during this second marriage.<ref>[https://www.jta.org/1999/08/23/default/conductor-zubin-mehta-admits-he-has-son-living-in-the-jewish-state|title=Conductor Zubin Mehta admits he has illegitimate son living in the Jewish state|date=August 23, 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928215855/https://www.jta.org/1999/08/23/default/conductor-zubin-mehta-admits-he-has-illegitimate-son-living-in-the-jewish-state |date=28 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jta.org/1999/08/23/default/conductor-zubin-mehta-admits-he-has-illegitimate-son-living-in-the-jewish-state |title=Conductor Zubin Mehta admits he has illegitimate son living in the Jewish state |date=23 August 1999 |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-date=28 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928215855/https://www.jta.org/1999/08/23/default/conductor-zubin-mehta-admits-he-has-illegitimate-son-living-in-the-jewish-state |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name="Mid-day"/> <br />
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A permanent resident of the United States, Mehta retains his Indian citizenship.<ref name=TheJC>{{cite news|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/zubin-mehta-israel-has-lost-europe-now-it-is-losing-america-1.66136|title=Zubin Mehta: 'Israel has lost Europe. Now it is losing America'|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=16 April 2015|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref><br />
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One of his close friends was [[Ravi Shankar]], whom he first met in the 1960s when Mehta directed him with the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra|Montreal Symphony]]. Their friendship continued after they were both living in Los Angeles and later in New York. "This was a wonderful period in my life and Zubin and I really had a great time."<ref name=Score/>{{rp|vii}}<br />
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In January 2026, Mehta announced the cancelation of every show in Israel in protest of [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'s handling of the [[Gaza War]].<ref>https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/culture/article-883933</ref><br />
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==Honours and awards==<br />
[[File:2006 Kennedy Center honorees.jpg|thumb|330px|U.S. president [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] stand with the [[Kennedy Center]] honourees in the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]] of the [[White House]] during a reception Sunday, 3 December 2006. From left, they are singer and songwriter [[Smokey Robinson]]; [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]; country singer [[Dolly Parton]]; film director [[Steven Spielberg]]; and Zubin Mehta.]]<br />
*In 1965, he received an honorary doctorate from [[Sir George Williams University]], which later became [[Concordia University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.concordia.ca/mehta|title=Honorary Degree Citation – Zubin Mehta {{!}} Concordia University Archives|website=archives.concordia.ca|access-date=29 March 2016|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002145215/http://archives.concordia.ca/mehta|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*Mehta's name is mentioned in the song [[Billy the Mountain]] on the 1972 album ''[[Just Another Band from L.A.]]'' by [[Frank Zappa]] and [[The Mothers of Invention]]. Cellist Kurt Reher, who played when Mehta conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic, was also a guest musician with The Mothers of Invention.<ref>[http://wiki.killuglyradio.com/wiki/Kurt_Reher Kurt Reher], Zappa wiki</ref><br />
*At the [[Israel Prize]] ceremony in 1991, Mehta was awarded a special prize in recognition of his unique devotion to Israel and to the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1995, he became a Laureate of the [[Wolf Prize in Arts]]. In 1999, Mehta was presented the "Lifetime Achievement Peace and Tolerance Award" of the United Nations. In 2022 he was awarded [[Israeli Presidential Medal of Honour|President's Medal]] by the Israeli President [[Shimon Peres]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kalman |first=Aaron |title=Presidential award handed out for the first time |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-presidential-award-presented-for-the-first-time/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
*The [[Government of India]] honoured Mehta in 1966 with India's third-highest civilian award, the [[Padma Bhushan]] and in 2001 with second-highest civilian award, the [[Padma Vibhushan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padma Awards|publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]])|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Mehta&award=All|access-date=16 May 2009}}</ref><br />
*In September 2006, the [[Kennedy Center]] announced Mehta as one of the recipients of that year's [[Kennedy Center Honors]], presented on 3 December 2006.<br />
*In February 2007, Mehta was the recipient of the Second Annual Bridgebuilder Award at [[Loyola Marymount University]].<br />
*Mehta is an honorary citizen of Florence and Tel Aviv. He was made an honorary member of the [[Vienna State Opera]] in 1997. In 2001 he was bestowed the title of "Honorary Conductor" of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] and in 2004 the [[Munich Philharmonic]] awarded him the same title, as did the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 2006. At the end of his tenure with the Bavarian State Opera, he was named Honorary Conductor of the Bavarian State Orchestra and Honorary Member of the Bavarian State Opera, and the [[Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde]], Wien, appointed him an honorary member in November 2007.<br />
* Also in 2007 Mehta received the prestigious [[Dan David Prize]]. Conductor [[Karl Böhm]] awarded Mehta the Nikisch Ring – the Vienna Philharmonic Ring of Honor.<br />
*In October 2008, Mehta received the [[Praemium Imperiale]] (World Culture Prize in Memory of His Imperial Highness Prince Takamatsu), Japan.<br />
*In March 2011, Mehta received the 2,434th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. In October 2011 he received the [[Echo Klassik]] in Berlin, for his life's work.<ref>"Zubin Mehta erhält Echo Klassik-Preis". In: ''[[Saarbrücker Zeitung]]'', 5 August 2011, p. B4.</ref><br />
*In September 2013, President of India [[Pranab Mukherjee]] awarded him the [[Tagore Award]] 2013 for his outstanding contribution towards cultural harmony.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zubin Mehta awarded with Tagore Award 2013 for Cultural Harmony<br />
|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/zubin-mehta-awarded-with-tagore-award-for-cultural-harmony-2013/|website=News.biharprabha.com|date=6 September 2013|access-date=6 September 2013}}</ref><br />
*In January 2019, the Los Angeles Philharmonic named Mehta as their Conductor Emeritus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zubin Mehta named LA Phil "Conductor Emeritus", will return in 2019/20 season|url=https://allisyar.com/2019/01/04/zubin-mehta-named-la-phil-conductor-emeritus-will-return-in-2019-20-season|author=CK Dexter Haven|website=Allisyar.com|date=4 January 2019|access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref><br />
*In February 2019, the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] made Mehta an honorary member as an expression of gratitude for their long association.<ref>[https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/titelgeschichten/20182019/zubin-mehta/ "Honorary Membership for Zubin Mehta"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206042826/https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/titelgeschichten/20182019/zubin-mehta/ |date=6 December 2019 }}, [[Berlin Philharmonic]], February 2019</ref><br />
*In September 2019, President of Slovenia [[Borut Pahor]] conferred the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Slovenia|Golden Order of Merit]] on Zubin Mehta for his contribution to music and the inspiring effort to connect people and nations with this form of art.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zubin Mehta receives presidential decoration, 2019|url=https://english.sta.si/2673328/conductor-zubin-mehta-receives-presidential-decoration|website=English.sta.si|access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref><br />
*In November 2020, the [[World Jewish Congress]] presented Mehta with their fifth [[Teddy Kollek]] Award for the Advancement of Jewish Culture.<ref>[https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/UN-Secretary-General-to-receive-World-Jewish-Congress%E2%80%99-highest-honor-11-1-2020 "UN Secretary-General addresses world Jewry, calls fight against antisemitism 'personal' and commits to building global coalition against bigotry"], 9 November 2020, [[World Jewish Congress]]</ref><br />
*In September 2022, was appointed an Honorary Companion of the [[Order of Australia]] by the [[governor-general of Australia]] [[David Hurley]] in recognition of his eminent service to the Australia-India bilateral relationship and humanity-at-large, particularly in the fields of classical music and philanthropy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2022 |title=Maestro Zubin Mehta awarded Companion of the Order of Australia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/classic/read-and-watch/news/zubin-mehta-companion-of-the-order-of-australia/101399298 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=ABC Classic |language=en-AU}}</ref><br />
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==Films==<br />
Mehta's life was documented in [[Terry Sanders]]'s film ''[[Portrait of Zubin Mehta]]'' (1968). Another documentary about Mehta, ''Zubin and I'', was produced by the grandson of an Israeli harpist who played with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra before Mehta assumed the helm. The filmmaker joins the orchestra on a tour of Mumbai and meets with him for two interviews, in India and Tel Aviv.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1149076.html|title=The redhead and the maestro – Haaretz – Israel News|date=13 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213081738/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1149076.html|archive-date=13 February 2010}}</ref><br />
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In [[Christopher Nupen]]'s 1969 documentary ''The Trout'' about a performance of [[Franz Schubert|Schubert's]] ''[[Trout Quintet]]'' in London by [[Jacqueline du Pré]], [[Daniel Barenboim]], [[Pinchas Zukerman]], [[Itzhak Perlman]] and Mehta, he plays the double bass.<ref name=Opera>[http://www.opera.co.uk/view-review.php?reviewID=31 "Zubin Mehta"] by John Allison, ''[[Opera (British magazine)|Opera]]''</ref><br />
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Mehta and the Los Angeles Philharmonic are featured in Alan Miller's 1973 film ''[[The Bolero]]''.<ref name="c679">{{cite web | title=The Bolero | website=Film Fest Gent | date=8 February 2023 | url=https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/the-bolero | access-date=12 October 2025}}</ref><br />
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Mehta was also mentioned in the novel ''[[Master of the Game (novel)|Master of the Game]]'' (1982) by [[Sidney Sheldon]].<ref name="d297">{{cite web | last=Gehi | first=Reema | title=It all comes together in Mumbai: Zubin Mehta | website=Mumbai Mirror | date=17 April 2016 | url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/it-all-comes-together-in-mumbai-zubin-mehta/articleshow/51859599.html | access-date=12 October 2025}}</ref><br />
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Mehta has played himself as the pivotal figure in ''[[On Wings of Fire]]'', a 1986 film about the history of [[Zoroastrianism]] and prophet [[Zoroaster|Zarathushtra]].<br />
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''Zubin Mehta: In Rehearsal'' (1996) depicts Mehta rehearsing ''[[Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks]]'' with the Israel Philharmonic.<ref name="a242">{{citation | last1=Berggren | first1=Peter | last2=Mehta | first2=Zubin | last3=Strauss | first3=Richard | author4=Tele Bremen | author5=RM Arts (Firm) | author6=Tizmoret ha-filharmonit ha-Yiśreʼelit | title=Great conductors in rehearsal. Zubin Mehta rehearses Strauss's Till Eulenspiegel : Zubin Mehta in rehearsal with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra | publisher=Tele Bremen : RM Arts | year=1996 | oclc=956369179 | page=}}</ref><br />
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Mehta and his [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|orchestra]] stars in the 2017 Spanish film documentary ''[[Dancing Beethoven]]'', which tells the preparation of the [[Ninth Symphony (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dancing Beethoven |url=http://www.antena3.com/se-estrena/noticias/dancing-beethoven_2017042459034b830cf2461b6ded6015.html |work=[[Antena 3 Noticias]] |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=30 April 2017 |location=Madrid |language=es}}</ref> The film was nominated in the [[32nd Goya Awards]] for Best Documentary Film and in the XXIII Premio Cinematográfico José María Forqué.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dancing Beethoven, nominada a los Premios Goya y Forqué |url=https://www.mundoclasico.com/articulo/30394/Dancing-Beethoven-nominada-a-los-Premios-Goya-y-Forqué |date=27 December 2017 |access-date=9 April 2018 |work=Mundo Clásico |language=es |author=Redacción}}</ref><br />
<br />
A 2008 release by Unitel Classica/Medici Arts presents Mehta and the Los Angeles Philharmonic in performances of the Bassoon Concerto by Mozart, the Concerto for Orchestra by Bartók and three pieces of Dvořák including his 8th Symphony. These were filmed in January 1977.<ref name="z636">{{citation | last1=Mehta | first1=Zubin | last2=Breidenthal | first2=David | last3=Mozart | first3=Wolfgang Amadeus | last4=Bartók | first4=Béla | last5=Dvořák | first5=Antonín | author6=Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra | title=Dvořák, Mozart, Bartók | publisher=Medici Arts/Unitel Classica | publication-place=Munich | year=2008 | oclc=607392764 | language=zxx | page=}}</ref><ref name="o685">{{citation | last1=Mehta | first1=Zubin | author2=Los Angeles Philharmonic | title=Zubin Mehta | publisher=EuroArts International GmbH | publication-place=[Berlin] | year=2019 | oclc=1189885487 | language=zxx | page=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Educational projects==<br />
In 2009, Mehta established Mifneh ([[Hebrew]] for "change"), a music education program for [[Israeli Arabs]], in cooperation with [[Bank Leumi]] and the Arab-Israel Bank. Three schools, in [[Shfaram]], the [[Jezreel Valley]] and [[Nazareth]], are taking part in the pilot project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1149077.html|title=A baton that unites bankers and music lovers|website=Haaretz.com|access-date=17 August 2025|archive-date=13 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213081743/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1149077.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
He and his brother Zarin constitute the Advisor Council of the Mehli Mehta Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=6 September 2011 |url=http://www.mmmfindia.org/committees.html |publisher=Mehli Mehta Foundation |title=Advisory Council, Trustees & committees |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402052847/http://www.mmmfindia.org/committees.html |archive-date=2 April 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2005, Mehta and philanthropist Josef Buchmann founded the [[Buchmann-Mehta School of Music]] as a partnership between Tel Aviv University and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. Mehta is the school's honorary president and has remained actively involved since its inception.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 April 2005 |title=First chair: After years of hardship, the Rubin Academy of Music at Tel Aviv University is finally playing a new tune |work=The Jerusalem Post }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* [[Martin Bookspan]] and [[Ross Yockey]], ''Zubin: The Zubin Mehta Story'', Harper & Row, 1978 {{ISBN|978-0-06-120400-5}}<br />
* Renate von Matuschka, ''Die Partitur meines Lebens'', Droemer/Knaur, 2006 {{ISBN|978-3-426-27377-7}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Zubin Mehta}}<br />
*{{official|http://www.zubinmehta.net/}}<br />
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=q39859}}<br />
*{{discogs artist|Zubin Mehta}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|0576590}}<br />
* [http://www.bruceduffie.com/mehta.html Two interviews with Zubin Mehta] by Bruce Duffie, 8 December 1993 and 29 February 1996<br />
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mhfc Zubin Mehta] interview on BBC Radio 4 ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'', 6 July 1984<br />
* {{YouTube|LtlN6_qILkk|Zubin Mehta, Happy Birthday Variation, Symphony}}, {{YouTube|TuyYSaKQ6z0|Zubin Mehta: Variations on "Happy Birthday"|link=no}}<br />
* [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002pxs2 Image of Zubin Mehta conducting Los Angeles Philharmonic at Peninsula Music Fair in Palos Verdes, Calif., 1975.] Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429), UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.<br />
* [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002w1jk Image of Zubin Mehta conducting peace music from Handel's Messiah at UCLA's Royce Hall Quad,1970.] Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429), UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.<br />
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{{s-start-collapsible|header={{s-culture}}}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|Music Director, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]] | before=[[Jean Martinon]] (Music Advisor)| years=1977–2019 | after=[[Lahav Shani]]}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[Maggio Musicale Fiorentino|Chief Conductor, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino]] | before=[[Riccardo Muti]] | years=1985–2017 | after=[[Fabio Luisi]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
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{{Navboxes|title=Zubin Mehta navigation boxes|list1=<br />
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{{Gramophone Hall of Fame}}<br />
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[[Category:Mehta family (classical music)|Zubin]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chitral_(princely_state)&diff=457196Chitral (princely state)2026-03-14T18:07:02Z<p>Harryson3545: added references</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian academic and legal scholar (born 1961)}}<br />
{{Infobox academic<br />
| name = Usha Tandon<br />
| image = Professor (Dr.) Usha Tandon (2019; cropped 2024).jpg<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1961}}<br />
| birth_place =<br />
| title = Vice Chancellor of [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University]]<br />
| term = 2023-present<br />
| predecessor =<br />
| successor =<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]<br />
| thesis_title = Population Law<br />
| thesis_year = 2000<br />
| doctoral_advisor =<br />
| academic_advisors =<br />
| workplaces = [[University of Delhi]], [[Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University]]<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
'''Usha Tandon''' (born 1961) is an Indian academic and legal scholar currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University]], Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-21 |title=Usha Tandon appointed first VC of National Law University, Prayagraj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/usha-tandon-appointed-first-vc-of-national-law-university-prayagraj-101695307131485.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice-Chancellor |url=https://www.rpnlup.ac.in/governance/officers-of-university/vice-chancellor/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.rpnlup.ac.in |language=en}}</ref> She has worked and published in the fields of [[environmental law]], population law, family law, and [[Gender equality|gender justice]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. (Dr.) Usha Tandon |url=https://clc.du.ac.in/community/faculty/prof-dr-usha-tandon/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Campus Law Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417031455/https://clc.du.ac.in/community/faculty/prof-dr-usha-tandon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
Tandon completed her LL.B. from Campus Law Centre, University of Delhi in 1985. She obtained her LL.M. from the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi in 1988, specializing in civil liberties, administrative law, and company law. In 2000, she earned her Ph.D. from the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, with a thesis on population law.<ref name="du-profile">{{Cite web |title=Prof. (Dr.) Usha Tandon Faculty Proforma |url=https://clc.du.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Prof.-Dr-Usha-Tandon-Faculty-Proforma-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Campus Law Centre, University of Delhi |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904002508/https://clc.du.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Prof.-Dr-Usha-Tandon-Faculty-Proforma-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career and research==<br />
Tandon began her academic career at the University of Delhi, where she held various positions:<br />
*Lecturer (ad hoc) at Law Centre-II (1990-1991)<br />
*Lecturer (ad hoc) at Campus Law Centre (1991-1992)<br />
*Lecturer (temporary) at Campus Law Centre (1992-2000)<br />
*Reader at Campus Law Centre (2000-2006)<br />
*Associate Professor at Campus Law Centre (2006-2008)<br />
*Professor at Campus Law Centre (2008-present)<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
From 2004 to 2005, Tandon served as Professor and Director (on deputation) at Vivekananda Law School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty |url=https://www.rpnlup.ac.in/faculty/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.rpnlup.ac.in |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417034731/https://www.rpnlup.ac.in/faculty/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
At the University of Delhi, she held the following administrative positions:<br />
*Professor-in-Charge of the Campus Law Centre from May 2013 to May 2016 and December 2016 to December 2019<br />
*Dean and Head of the Faculty of Law from 2021 to 2023<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
In 2023, Tandon was appointed as the first Vice Chancellor of Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University, Prayagraj.<br />
<br />
Tandon's research interests include environmental law, clinical legal education, human rights and women, family law, and population law.<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
==Selected works==<br />
===Books===<br />
*''Energy Law and Policy'' (ed.), [[Oxford University Press]], 2018, ISBN 9780199482979<br />
*''Biodiversity: Law, Policy and Governance'' (ed.), Routledge, [[Taylor & Francis]] Group, 2018, ISBN 1138288195<br />
*''Human Rights and Trafficking of Women and Children: Legal & Policy Framework'' (ed.), Central Law Publications, 2016<br />
*''Climate Change: Law, Policy and Governance'' (ed.), Eastern Book Company, 2016<br />
*''Gender Justice: A Reality or Fragile Myth'' (ed.), Regal Publications, 2015<br />
*''Population Law: An Instrument for Population Stabilization'', Deep & Deep Publications, 2003, ISBN 8176294209<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
===Journal articles===<br />
Tandon has published numerous articles in [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] journals on topics such as environmental law, gender justice, human trafficking, and climate change law.<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
==Awards and fellowships==<br />
Tandon has received several awards and fellowships:<br />
*World Population Day Award, 2001<br />
*Max Planck Fellowship, Germany, 2011<br />
*IIDH Fellowship, France, 2007<br />
*Phenomenal She, 2019<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
==Professional memberships==<br />
Prof. Tandon is a member of several professional organizations, including:<br />
*Population Association of America<br />
*South Asian Law Schools Forum for Human Rights (founder member)<br />
*Indian Law Institute<br />
*All India Law Teachers Congress (founder member)<br />
*Institute for Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies<ref name="du-profile" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tandon, Usha}}<br />
[[Category:1961 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women academics]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Indian environmental lawyers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women environmentalists]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_AFC_Women%27s_Asian_Cup_final&diff=4828802022 AFC Women's Asian Cup final2026-03-06T13:53:22Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
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<div>{{short description|Final match of the 2022 Asian Women's Football Championship}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox football match<br />
| title = 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup final<br />
| other_titles =<br />
| image = D Y Patil Sports Stadium.jpg<br />
| event = [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]]<br />
| caption = [[DY Patil Stadium]]<br />
| team1 = [[China women's national football team|China PR]]<br />
| team1image =<br />
| team1association = {{flagdeco|CHN|size=30px}}<br />
| team1score = 3<br />
| team2 = [[South Korea women's national football team|South Korea]]<br />
| team2image =<br />
| team2association = {{flagdeco|KOR|size=30px}}<br />
| team2score = 2<br />
| details = <br />
| date = {{Start date|2022|02|06|df=y}}<br />
| stadium = [[DY Patil Stadium]]<br />
| city = [[Navi Mumbai]]<br />
| man_of_the_match1a = <br />
| man_of_the_match1atitle = <br />
| man_of_the_match1b = <br />
| man_of_the_match1btitle = <br />
| fair_player1 = <br />
| fair_player1title = <br />
| woman_player1 = <br />
| woman_player1title = <br />
| referee = [[Casey Reibelt]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
| attendance = 0<br />
| weather = <br />
| previous = [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup final|2018]]<br />
| next = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup final|2026]] <br />
}}<br />
The '''2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup final''' was a [[Association football|football]] match between [[China women's national football team|China PR]] and [[South Korea women's national football team|South Korea]] that took place on 6 February 2022. The match determined the winner of the [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]] at [[DY Patil Stadium]] in Navi Mumbai, India. It was the [[AFC Women's Asian Cup#Results|20th final]] of the [[AFC Women's Asian Cup]], a [[Anniversary#Latin-derived numerical names|quadrennial]] tournament that consists of the [[List of women's national association football teams#AFC (Asia)|women's national teams]] from the [[Asian Football Confederation]] to determine the best women's football country in [[Asia]].<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
<br />
The [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]] is the twentieth edition of the [[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]–the women's premier tournament in the [[Asian Football Confederation]]–held from 20 January 2022 to 6 February 2022 in [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Venues|three cities]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref> [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|Qualifying rounds]] were held from 17 September 2021 to 24 October 2021, where twenty-eight countries in eight groups played in a [[round-robin tournament]] through a host in each.<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Women's Asian Cup Regulations |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/content/afc_womens_asian_cup_2022_competition_regulations_2.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> The top team in each group qualified for the final tournament, along with hosts [[India]] and the top three finishers of the [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Women's Asian Cup 2018 Archive |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/archive.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> However, several adjustments were made due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Asia]], as several teams withdrew along with postponements, resulting in some groups being uneven and the final tournament being postponed.<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Women's Asian Cup 2022 Qualifiers Draw postponed |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_2022_qualifiers_draw_postponed.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dates for expanded AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 confirmed |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/dates_for_expanded_afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_india_2022%E2%84%A2_confirmed.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> In the final tournament, twelve teams were divided into three groups, where the top two teams in each group and the two best third-placed teams qualified for [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout stage]]. This tournament notably marks an expansion at the group and knockout stage, with 8 to 12 and 4 to 8 countries, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC to invest in new era of national team and club competitions |url=https://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/afc-to-invest-in-new-era-of-national-team-and-club-competitions |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205072528/https://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/afc-to-invest-in-new-era-of-national-team-and-club-competitions |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Video assistant referee]] would be used at the knockout stage only.<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest cast of match officials set for AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/largest_cast_of_match_officials_set_for_afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_india_2022%E2%84%A2.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
Before the tournament, both [[China women's national football team|China PR]] and [[South Korea women's national football team|South Korea]] were the fourth and third favorites to win it per [[FIFA]], respectively.<ref name="FIFA Women's World Rankings">{{cite web |title=FIFA Women's World Ranking - AFC (10 December 2021) |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/women?dateId=ranking_20211210 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> Both were behind [[Australia women's national soccer team|Australia]] and [[Japan women's national football team|Japan]], with Australia being the favorites to win the cup. [[North Korea]] was the highest ranked member of the AFC, but they withdrew at the qualifiers round due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=N. Korea pulls out of U-23 Asian Cup, Women's Asian Cup in 2022 |date=29 July 2021 |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210729015400325 |publisher=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> China PR is historically the most successful team, with eight championships under their belt (their last being in [[2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2006]]). For South Korea, this is their first finals appearance in history, although they have finished at the semifinals four times.<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 AFC WOMEN'S ASIAN CUP SEMI-FINAL RESULTS: UPSET DONE AND NEW FINALIST |url=https://thewomensgame.com/news/2022-afc-womens-asian-cup-semi-final-results-upset-done-and-new-finalist-575564 |publisher=The Women's Game |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> China PR leads the all-time series against South Korea, with a {{Win–loss record|w=16|l=5|d=7}} record.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Korea [Women] Head-to-head results |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te27402/south-korea/records-all-time-appearances/ |publisher=World Football Records |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Venue==<br />
[[File:Dr. D.Y. Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai, Maharashta.png|thumb|right|A [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] match occurring at the stadium.]]<br />
<br />
The [[DY Patil Stadium]] is a sports stadium with a capacity of 55,000 located in [[Navi Mumbai]], [[India]]. Although the stadium is primarily used for [[cricket]], [[association football|football]] has been an increasingly popular sport at the pitch.<ref>{{cite web |title=DY Patil Stadium Overview |url=http://dypatil.edu/sportsacademy/index.php/d-y-patil-stadium/ |publisher=DY Patil Sports Academy |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115013732/http://dypatil.edu/sportsacademy/index.php/d-y-patil-stadium/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> For example, the stadium held multiple matches in football in the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]], most notably at the semifinals stage between [[Mali national under-17 football team|Mali]] and [[Spain national under-17 football team|Spain]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/91/75/77/eng_50_1025_mli-esp_fulltime.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162943/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/91/75/77/eng_50_1025_mli-esp_fulltime.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2017 |title=Match report – Semi-final – Mali v Spain |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref> The stadium will also host matches at the [[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup (India 2022) |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u17womensworldcup/india2022 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> In addition, the stadium serves as a home to [[Mumbai City FC]], who is currently a member at the top division of the [[Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai City FC Website |url=https://www.mumbaicityfc.com/ |publisher=[[Mumbai City FC]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> Out of the three venues in this tournament, the stadium was selected to host the final on 26 March 2021 due to the capacity, infrastructure, and facilities provided.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three top venues for AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 confirmed |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/three_top_venues_for_afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_india_2022%E2%84%A2_confirmed.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Route to the final==<br />
<br />
{| style="width:100%;text-align:center"<br />
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#9cf"<br />
!colspan=2 style="width:1*"|{{fbw|China}}<br />
!Round<br />
!colspan=2 style="width:1*"|{{fbw|South Korea}}<br />
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#c1e0ff"<br />
|Opponents<br />
|Results<br />
||[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|Opponents<br />
|Results<br />
|-<br />
|{{fbw|Chinese Taipei}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A#China PR vs Chinese Taipei|4–0]]<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Match 1<br />
|{{fbw|Vietnam}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#South Korea vs Vietnam|3–0]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{fbw|Iran}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A#Iran vs China PR|7–0]]<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Match 2<br />
|{{fbw|Myanmar}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#Myanmar vs South Korea|2–0]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{fbw|India}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A#India vs China|Void]]<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Match 3<br />
|{{fbw|Japan}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#Japan vs South Korea|1–1]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|'''[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A|Group A]] winners'''<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|name_IND={{fbw|IND}} '''(H)'''<br />
|name_CHN='''{{fbw|CHN}}'''<br />
|name_TPE={{fbw|TPE}}<br />
|name_IRN={{fbw|IRN}}<br />
|source=<ref name="AFCStandingsW">{{cite web |title=2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Standings |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/fixtures__standings.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_IND=0 |draw_IND=0 |loss_IND=0 |gf_IND=0 |ga_IND=0<br />
|win_CHN=2 |draw_CHN=0 |loss_CHN=0 |gf_CHN=11|ga_CHN=0<br />
|win_TPE=1 |draw_TPE=0 |loss_TPE=1 |gf_TPE=5 |ga_TPE=4<br />
|win_IRN=0 |draw_IRN=0 |loss_IRN=2 |gf_IRN=0 |ga_IRN=12<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team1=CHN |team2=TPE |team3=IRN |team4=IND<br />
|result1=KO |result2=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 <br />
|result4=WD |col_WD=black2 <br />
}}<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Final standings<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|'''[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C|Group C]] runners-up'''<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|source=<ref name="AFCStandingsW"/><br />
|name_JPN={{fbw|JPN}}<br />
|name_KOR='''{{fbw|KOR}}'''<br />
|name_VIE={{fbw|VIE}}<br />
|name_MYA={{fbw|MYA}}<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_JPN=2 |draw_JPN=1 |loss_JPN=0 |gf_JPN=9 |ga_JPN=1 |status_JPN=<br />
|win_KOR=2 |draw_KOR=1 |loss_KOR=0 |gf_KOR=6 |ga_KOR=1 |status_KOR=<br />
|win_VIE=0 |draw_VIE=1 |loss_VIE=2 |gf_VIE=2 |ga_VIE=8 |status_VIE=<br />
|win_MYA=0 |draw_MYA=1 |loss_MYA=2 |gf_MYA=2 |ga_MYA=9 |status_MYA=<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team1=JPN|team2=KOR|team3=VIE|team4=MYA<br />
<br />
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 <br />
}}<br />
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#c1e0ff"<br />
|Opponents<br />
|Results<br />
||[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]<br />
|Opponents<br />
|Results<br />
|-<br />
|{{fbw|Vietnam}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#China PR vs Vietnam|3–1]]<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Quarters<br />
|{{fbw|Australia}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#Australia vs South Korea|1–0]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{fbw|Japan}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#China PR vs Japan|2–2]] ([[Overtime (sports)#Association football|a.e.t.]]; 4–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|p]])<br />
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Semis<br />
|{{fbw|Philippines}}<br />
|[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#South Korea vs Philippines|2–0]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===China PR===<br />
<br />
[[China women's national football team|China PR]] qualified for the tournament by placing in the top three in the [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup]]. China PR at this tournament [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Third place match|finished third]] by defeating [[Thailand women's national football team|Thailand]] 3–1.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thailand vs China PR at 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup |url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/12946 |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> Due to their success, China PR was placed in pot two out of four at the [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Draw|draw]]. China PR was drawn in [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A|Group A]] along with [[Chinese Taipei women's national football team|Chinese Taipei]], hosts [[India women's national football team|India]], and [[Iran women's national football team|Iran]].<ref name="AFCdrawW">{{cite web |title=AFC Women's Asian Cup Final Round - Official Draw |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atuStZ73nZ0 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The first match in this group resulted in a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A#China PR vs Chinese Taipei|4–0]] win against Chinese Taipei. In this match, former [[Paris Saint-Germain Féminine|PSG]] [[midfielder]] [[Wang Shuang (footballer)|Wang Shuang]] scored two goals: a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty]] in the 3rd minute and another in the 69th minute. Two other goals came from [[Wang Shanshan]] and [[Zhang Xin (footballer)|Zhang Xin]] in the 9th and 53rd minute, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Group A: China PR power past Chinese Taipei |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_group_a_china_pr_v_chinese_taipei.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The next match was a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group A#Iran vs China PR|7–0]] rout against Iran. Wang Shuang and Wang Shanshan both scored two goals each, while [[Xiao Yuyi]], [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Women|Tottenham Hotspur]] midfielder [[Tang Jiali (footballer)|Tang Jiali]], and an [[Own goal#Association football|own goal]] made up the rest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Group A: China PR turn on the style against IR Iran |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_group_a_ir_iran_v_china_pr.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The last match in Group A was supposed to be against India, but India withdrew due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Latest update on the AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/latest_update_on_the_afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_india_2022%E2%84%A2.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> As the winners of Group A, China PR next defeated [[Vietnam women's national football team|Vietnam]] [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#China PR vs Vietnam|3–1]] in the quarter-finals. The match initially was in Vietnam's favor due to a goal by [[Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Dung]] in the 11th minute. However, China PR fought back through three goals by the 53rd minute from Wang Shuang, Wang Shanshan, and Tang Jiali.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quarter-final: China PR defeat Vietnam to keep ninth title dream alive |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_quarter-final_china_pr_v_vietnam.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> In the semi-finals, China PR made an upset against [[Japan women's national football team]], who was projected to finish 2nd per [[FIFA]].<ref name="FIFA Women's World Rankings"/> Goals were made by [[Wu Chengshu]] and Wang Shanshan in the 46th and 119th minute, respectively. After the [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|overtime]] period was over, China defeated Japan [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#China PR vs Japan|4–3]] in a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]]. The biggest feats in this match were that the only two [[Shooting (association football)|shots on goal]] ended up scoring, and Japan had six. The four saves made by [[Zhu Yu (footballer)|Zhu Yu]] was one of the biggest reasons why this result occurred.<ref>{{cite web |title=Semi-final: China PR stun Japan to stay on track for record ninth title |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_semi-final_china_pr_v_japan.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
===South Korea===<br />
<br />
As [[South Korea women's national football team|South Korea]] did not finish in the top three at the [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup]], South Korea had to go through the [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|qualifiers]] to make the final tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Qualifiers |url=http://stats.the-afc.com/tournaments/418 |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> South Korea swept [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification#Group E|Group E]] by defeating hosts [[Uzbekistan women's national football team|Uzbekistan]] 4–0 and [[Mongolia women's national football team|Mongolia]] 12–0 to qualify.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Korea v Uzbekistan AFC W Qual |url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/20836 |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=South Korea v Mongolia AFC W Qual |url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/20834 |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> As a result of their performance in 2018, South Korea was placed in pot two out of four in the [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Draw|draw]]. South Korea was drawn into [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C|Group C]] with [[Japan women's national football team|Japan]], [[Myanmar women's national football team|Myanmar]], and [[Vietnam women's national football team|Vietnam]].<ref name="AFCdrawW"/> The first match against Vietnam resulted in a score of [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#South Korea vs Vietnam|3–0]], which consisted of two goals from [[Chelsea F.C. Women|Chelsea F.C.]] [[midfielder]] [[Ji So-yun]] and an [[Own goal#Association football|own goal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Group C: Korea Republic ease past determined Vietnam |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_group_c_korea_republic_v_vietnam.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The second match against Myanmar resulted in a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#Myanmar vs South Korea|2–0]] score, featuring one goal each from Ji So-yun and [[Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] [[Forward (association football)|forward]] [[Lee Geum-min]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Group C: Korea Republic beat Myanmar to book knockout stage ticket |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_group_c_myanmar_v_korea_republic.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The final match of the group stage resulted in a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C#Japan vs South Korea|1–1]] draw against Japan, with the lone goal coming from Seo Ji-youn in the 85th minute.<ref>{{cite web |title=Group C: Japan finish top after stalemate with Korea Republic |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_group_c_japan_v_korea_republic.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> In the quarter-finals, South Korea was up against tournament favorites and [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] hosts [[Australia women's national football team|Australia]] per [[FIFA]].<ref name="FIFA Women's World Rankings"/> South Korea upset the ''Matildas'' with a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#Australia vs South Korea|1–0]] defeat, featuring a goal from Ji So-yun in the 87th minute. The South Korea defense was the most invaluable, as Australia beat South Korea in corners, possession, pass accuracy, passes, and discipline. However, Australia only had two shots on target in comparison to South Korea's three.<ref>{{cite web |title=AUS vs KOR Team Stats |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=2022+AFC+Women%27s+Asian+Cup#sie=m;/g/11rfb287cc;2;/m/07cd3b;dt;fp;1;; |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Quarter-final: Ji's late strike sends Korea Republic into semis at Australia's expense |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_quarter-final_australia_v_korea_republic.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> In the semifinals, South Korea was up against the [[Philippines women's national football team|Philippines]], who just qualified for their first [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup#Teams|FIFA Women's World Cup]] appearance and was on a [[Cinderella (sports)|cinderella run]] from defeating [[Thailand women's national football team|Thailand]] and [[Chinese Taipei women's national football team|Chinese Taipei]], who both were nearly thirty spots above the Philippines in the [[FIFA Women's World Rankings]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines' women seal historic qualification for 2023 FIFA World Cup |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/philippines-women-historic-qualification-football-world-cup |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> Nevertheless, South Korea regressed the Philippines through a [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup knockout stage#South Korea vs Philippines|2–0]] win. The two goals came from [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Women|Tottenham Hotspur]] midfielder [[Cho So-hyun]] and [[Son Hwa-yeon]] in the 4th and 34th minute, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Semi-final: Masterful Korea Republic end Philippines' challenge |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/report_semi-final_korea_republic_v_philippines.html |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Details==<br />
<section begin=Final/>{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2022|2|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|CHN}}<br />
|score = {{score link|2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup Final|3–2}}<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|KOR}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Tang Jiali (footballer)|Tang Jiali]] {{goal|68|pen.}}<br />
*[[Zhang Linyan]] {{goal|72}}<br />
*[[Xiao Yuyi]] {{goal|90+3}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Choe Yu-ri]] {{goal|27}}<br />
*[[Ji So-yun]] {{goal|45+3|pen.}}<br />
|stadium = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]<br />
|attendance = 0<br />
|referee = [[Casey Reibelt]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/qualifiers/afc/match-center/400211765 Report (FIFA)]<br />[https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-asian-cup/2022/2258025 Report (AFC)]<br />
}}<section end=Final/><br />
<br />
<section begin=Lineups/><br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
{{Football kit<br />
|pattern_la = _chn20H<br />
|pattern_b = _chn20H<br />
|pattern_ra = _chn20H<br />
|pattern_sh = _chn20h<br />
|pattern_so = _chn20h<br />
|leftarm = FF0000<br />
|body = FF0000<br />
|rightarm = FF0000<br />
|shorts = FF0000<br />
|socks = FF0000<br />
|title = {{nowrap|China PR}}<br />
}}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Team stats<br />
|-<br />
!style="background: #ee1d24; color: #ffff00;"|{{flagdeco|China}} [[China women's national football team|{{color|#ffff00|China PR}}]]<br />
!Statistics<br />
!style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000;"|{{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[South Korea women's national football team|{{color|#000000|South Korea}}]]<br />
|-<br />
|14 || Shots || 11<br />
|-<br />
|6 || Shots on target || 5<br />
|-<br />
|60% || Possession || 40%<br />
|-<br />
|504 || Passes || 338<br />
|-<br />
|78% || Pass accuracy || 64%<br />
|-<br />
|8 || Fouls || 13<br />
|-<br />
|3 || Yellow cards || 0<br />
|-<br />
|0 || Red cards || 0<br />
|-<br />
|1 || Offsides || 1<br />
|-<br />
|1 || Corners || 3<br />
|}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
{{Football kit<br />
|pattern_la = _kor20A<br />
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|pattern_ra = _kor20A<br />
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}}<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
{|width="100%"<br />
|valign="top" width="50%"|<br />
{|style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
!width=25| !!width=25|<br />
|-<br />
|GK ||'''1''' ||[[Zhu Yu (footballer)|Zhu Yu]]<br />
|-<br />
|RB ||'''14'''||[[Lou Jiahui]] || || {{suboff|46}}<br />
|-<br />
|CB ||'''3''' ||[[Wang Xiaoxue]]<br />
|-<br />
|CB ||'''11'''||[[Wang Shanshan]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br />
|-<br />
|LB ||'''8''' ||[[Yao Wei (footballer)|Yao Wei]] || {{yel|88}}<br />
|-<br />
|RM ||'''15'''||[[Wu Chengshu]] || || {{suboff|46}}<br />
|-<br />
|CM ||'''16'''||[[Yao Lingwei]]<br />
|-<br />
|CM ||'''23'''||[[Gao Chen]] || {{yel|55}}<br />
|-<br />
|LM ||'''6''' ||[[Zhang Xin (footballer)|Zhang Xin]] || {{yel|89}}<br />
|-<br />
|CF ||'''7''' ||[[Wang Shuang (footballer)|Wang Shuang]] || || {{suboff|60}}<br />
|-<br />
|CF ||'''18'''||[[Tang Jiali (footballer)|Tang Jiali]] || || {{suboff|90+6}}<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|'''Substitutions:'''<br />
|-<br />
|MF ||'''10'''||[[Zhang Rui (footballer)|Zhang Rui]] || || {{subon|46}}<br />
|-<br />
|FW ||'''20'''||[[Xiao Yuyi]] || || {{subon|46}}<br />
|-<br />
|FW ||'''19'''||[[Zhang Linyan]] || || {{subon|60}}<br />
|-<br />
|MF ||'''9''' ||[[Wang Yanwen (footballer)|Wang Yanwen]] || || {{subon|90+6}}<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|[[Shui Qingxia]]<br />
|}<br />
|valign="top" width="50%"|<br />
{| style="font-size:90%; margin:auto" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
!width=25| !!width=25|<br />
|-<br />
|GK ||'''18'''||[[Kim Jung-mi (footballer)|Kim Jung-mi]]<br />
|-<br />
|RB ||'''20'''||[[Kim Hye-ri (footballer)|Kim Hye-ri]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br />
|-<br />
|CB ||'''6''' ||[[Lim Seon-joo]]<br />
|-<br />
|CB ||'''4''' ||[[Shim Seo-yeon]]<br />
|-<br />
|LB ||'''2''' ||[[Choo Hyo-joo]]<br />
|-<br />
|DM ||'''17'''||[[Lee Young-ju]] || || {{suboff|82}}<br />
|-<br />
|CM ||'''10'''||[[Ji So-yun]]<br />
|-<br />
|CM ||'''8''' ||[[Cho So-hyun]]<br />
|-<br />
|RW ||'''11'''||[[Choe Yu-ri]]<br />
|-<br />
|LW ||'''13'''||[[Lee Geum-min]]<br />
|-<br />
|CF ||'''23'''||[[Son Hwa-yeon]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|'''Substitutions:'''<br />
|-<br />
|DF ||'''16'''||[[Jang Sel-gi]] || || {{subon|82}}<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Colin Bell (footballer, born 1961)|Colin Bell]]<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"<br />
|<br />
'''Assistant referees:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup/news/all-female_match_officials_assigned_to_afc_women%E2%80%99s_asian_cup_india_2022%E2%84%A2_final.html|title=All-female match officials assigned to AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 Final|website=the-afc.com|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|accessdate=5 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.the-afc.com/AFC_Womens_Asian_Cup_2022/Downloads/AFC-Women's-Asian-Cup-India-2022-Match-Officials-Final.pdf|title=AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022 Match Officials Final|website=the-afc.com|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|accessdate=5 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />Joanna Charaktis ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
<br />[[Heba Saadia|Heba Saadieh]] ([[Palestinian Football Association|Palestine]])<br />
<br />'''Fourth official:'''<br />
<br />Ranjita Devi Tekcham ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br />
<br />'''Reserve assistant referee:'''<br />
<br />Supawan Hinthong ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
<br />'''Video assistant referee:'''<br />
<br />[[Kate Jacewicz]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
<br />'''Assistant video assistant referee:'''<br />
<br />Lara Lee ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
|}<section end=Lineups/><br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
This final served as a cardio-tonic agent for Chinese football following [[China national football team|the men's team]]'s elimination from the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] after consecutive losses against [[Japan national football team|Japan]] and especially [[Vietnam national football team|Vietnam]], which happened on the [[Chinese New Year]]. Fans mocked the team to the extent that they called for more funding to the women's side on [[Sina Weibo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=#黄健翔建议按男足标准双倍给女足发奖金# |url=https://us.weibo.com/1887344341/LegMGiu7E |publisher=[[Sina Weibo]] |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=【#女足或将获得超1000万奖金#】据 @北青体育 报道：#中国女足3比2韩国女足# |url=https://us.weibo.com/1887344341/LekbfFSXq |publisher=[[Sina Weibo]] |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref> Most notably, one fan wrote, "The men's team is the son who had taken up all of the wealth but achieved nothing, while the women is the daughter who was wronged but is very hopeful."<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese football fans use women's AFC Asian Cup triumph to mock misfiring men's team as "Steel Roses" pocket 10 million yuan prize from Mengniu |url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/football/article/3166042/chinese-football-fans-use-womens-afc-asian-cup-triumph-mock?module=live&pgtype=homepage |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[CCTV-5]], China's national sports channel, took time out of the simultaneous [[2022 Winter Olympic Games|Winter Olympic Games]] in [[Beijing]] to broadcast the final. [[Mengniu Dairy]] gave a prize of [[United States dollar|US$]]1.57 million to the team for their championship.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Chinese women's football team reversed to win the championship! Back to the top of Asia, Mengniu's first reward of tens of millions in cash |url=https://gamingsym.in/the-chinese-womens-football-team-reversed-to-win-the-championshipback-to-the-top-of-asia-mengnius-first-reward-of-tens-of-millions-in-cash/ |publisher=GamingSYM |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207021840/https://gamingsym.in/the-chinese-womens-football-team-reversed-to-win-the-championshipback-to-the-top-of-asia-mengnius-first-reward-of-tens-of-millions-in-cash/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website|https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-womens-asian-cup/|name=AFC Women's Asian Cup}}, the-AFC.com<br />
<br />
{{2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}<br />
{{AFC Women's Championship}}<br />
{{2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Afc Women's Asian Cup 2022}}<br />
[[Category:2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup|Final]]<br />
[[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Indian women's sport|2022]]<br />
[[Category:International association football competitions hosted by India]]<br />
[[Category:January 2022 sports events in India]]<br />
[[Category:February 2022 sports events in India]]<br />
[[Category:Association football events curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:AFC Women's Asian Cup finals|2022]]<br />
[[Category:China–South Korea sports relations|2022]]<br />
[[Category:China women's national football team matches]]<br />
[[Category:South Korea women's national football team matches]]<br />
[[Category:Football matches in India]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekda_Yeun_Tar_Bagha&diff=498307Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha2026-03-04T09:34:38Z<p>Harryson3545: added some pg w/ sources!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2023 Marathi film directed by Prasad Khandekar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha<br />
| image = Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| native_name = <br />
| director = [[Prasad Khandekar]]<br />
| writer = '''Story'''<br>[[Paritosh Painter]]<br>'''Screenplay and dialogues'''<br><br />
[[Prasad Khandekar]]<br />
| producer = [[Paritosh Painter]]<br>Deepak Krishan Chaudhary<br>Rajesh Mohanty<br>Sejal Painter<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|[[Girish Kulkarni]]|[[Tejaswini Pandit]]|[[Bhau Kadam]]|[[Prasad Khandekar]]|[[Namrata Sambherao]]|[[Vishakha Subhedar]]}}<br />
| cinematography = Yogesh Koli<br />
| editing = Nilesh Gavand<br />
| music = [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br>Kashyap Sompura<br />
| studio = Ideas The Entertainment Company<br>Gold Mountain Pictures<br>SR Enterprises<br>Swarna Pat Katha<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2023|12|08|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Marathi<br />
| budget = {{estimation}}{{INR|4 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Box Office Collection, Cast, Budget, Hit Or Flop |url=https://medium.com/@cinefryy/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-box-office-collection-cast-budget-hit-or-flop-360954665e00 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR|8 crore}}<ref name=":3" /><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha''''' ({{Translation|Come and see once}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[comedy drama]] film also known as '''''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha... Return Janarach Nahi'''.'' The film is written and directed by [[Prasad Khandekar]] in his [[directorial debut]]. The film is produced by Ideas The Entertainment Company, Gold Mountain Pictures, SR Enterprises and Swarna Pat Katha, and it stars an ensemble cast of [[Girish Kulkarni]], [[Tejaswini Pandit]], Prasad Khandekar, [[Namrata Sambherao]], [[Sayaji Shinde]], [[Bhalchandra Kadam|Bhau Kadam]], [[Vishakha Subhedar]] and [[Onkar Bhojane]]. The film follows the story of three Phulambrikar brothers and their family, who start a hotel business, and their problems with customers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Movie : फुलंब्रीकर कुटूंब एवढं का चर्चेत आलंय? 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा' ची गोष्टच वेगळी!{{!}} Marathi Movies |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-movie-released-date-viral-social-media-yst88 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=2 November 2023 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film was officially announced in September 2022, along with the title of the film. [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2022. The soundtrack is composed by [[Rohan-Rohan|Rohan–Rohan]] and Kashyap Sompura.<br />
<br />
''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha'' was theatrically released on 8 December 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-13 |title='एकदा येऊन तर बघा' सिनेमाची रिलीज डेट पुढे ढकलली; 'या' दिवशी येणार प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/the-release-date-of-the-movie-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-has-been-postponed-on-this-day-will-come-to-meet-the-audience/760441 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
The Phulambrikar family plans on converting their family's ancestral property in the village into a hotel because the village is very soon to be promoted as a tourist destination by the government. However, incidents continue to occur after the "Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Hotel" is operational. People are dying one after the other in the hotel. To avoid legal complications, the family keeps burying bodies in the land.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
* [[Girish Kulkarni]] as Shravan Dada<br />
* [[Tejaswini Pandit]] as Rohini<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=marathi film ekda yeun tar bagha song aiyo out now |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-song-aiyo-out-now-dpj-91-4031056/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* [[Prasad Khandekar]] as Falgun<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha: मराठमोळ्या कॉमेडीचा तडका, प्रसाद खांडेकरच्या एकदा येऊन तर बघा सिनेमाची घोषणा |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-movie-announcement-prasad-khandekar-onkar-bhojane-vishakha-subedar-bhau-kadam-drj96 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=18 September 2023 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
* [[Namrata Sambherao]] as Ashwini<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2023-11-14 |title=रिअल लाईफसोबत रिल लाईफमध्ये एकत्र, नम्रता संभेरावसोबत पतीही दिसणार 'या' चित्रपटात |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/namrata-sambherao-working-with-husband-yogesh-sambherao-in-movie-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-cb99 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Nutan Sheth<br />
* [[Bhalchandra Kadam|Bhau Kadam]] as Gulabi Garam Baba<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Priya |date=2023-11-23 |title=Bhau Kadam च्या दर्शनासाठी भली मोठी रांग, नेमकं आहे तरी काय 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा' |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-actor-bhau-kadam-movie-ekada-yeun-tar-bagha-actor-play-baba-gulabi-garam-role-pvm91 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* [[Vishakha Subhedar]] as Magru<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=लेदरचं जॅकेट, हातात बंदूक अन्...; विशाखा सुभेदार पुन्हा झळकणार बेधडक अंदाजात, फोटो पाहिलात का? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-actress-vishakha-subhedar-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-new-movie-new-role-share-first-poster-nrp-97-3996938/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-10-19 |title=विशाखा सुभेदार म्हणतेय,'एकदा येऊन तर बघा, तुम्हाला रिटर्न पाठवणार नाही'; नेमकं प्रकरण काय? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/vishakha-subhedar-look-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-movie-entertainment-latest-update-know-film-release-details-marathi-actress-1220301 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* [[Onkar Bhojane]] as Kartik<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-11-03 |title='एकदा येऊन तर बघा' प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीसाठी सज्ज! |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-movie-entertainment-know-details-release-date-prasad-khandekar-girish-kulkarni-tejaswini-pandit-vanita-kharat-vishakha-subhedar-1225132 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* Pandharinath Kamble as Surve<br />
* Rajendra Shisatkar as Inspector Bhosale<br />
* [[Vanita Kharat]] as Shrivalli<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title='महाराष्ट्राची हास्यजत्रा'नंतर वनिता खरात आता दिसणार दाक्षिणात्य चित्रपटात? अभिनेत्रीने शेअर केला लूक, म्हणाली... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/actress-vanita-kharat-look-from-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-film-rnv-99-3983553/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='एकदा येऊन तर बघा' मध्ये दिसणार वनिता खरातचा दाक्षिणात्य अंदाज, फोटो पाहून चाहते घायाळ |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/vanita-kharat-new-movie-yeun-tar-bagha-is-coming-soon-her-south-indian-look-goes-viral/articleshow/104399059.cms |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* Rohit Mane as Bahubali <br />
* Shashikant Kerkar as customer<br />
* Sushil Inamdar as Chavan<br />
* Jay Chaubey <br />
* Rakesh Shalin<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
In mid-September 2022, producers [[Paritosh Painter]] and Rajesh Mohanty announced ''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha'' along with six other films under the banner of Ideas The Entertainment Company and SR Enterprises.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urmila Matondkar returns to Marathi movies after 8 years with Shreyas Talpade in 'Ti Me Navhech' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/urmila-matondkar-returns-to-marathi-movies-after-8-years-with-shreyas-talpade-in-ti-me-navhech |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[principal photography]] started in early October 2022 at [[Gaganbawada|Gaganbawada Ghat]] in [[Kolhapur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2022-10-03 |title=Marathi Film 'Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Return Janarach Nahi' Launched {{!}} 3 October 2022 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-return-janarach-nahi-launched-3-october-2022/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Speaking about the location, Khandekar said, "I often used to travel through Gaganbawda Ghat from Kolhapur to [[Konkan]]. So I wanted to capture the natural and scenic beauty of Gaganbawda Ghat and present it to the viewers. Hence, the shoot of the movie was completed at this location instead of in London."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-25 |title=Starring 14 Prominent Actors, Marathi Film Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha To Hit The Theatres on... |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/starring-14-prominent-actors-marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-to-hit-the-theatres-on-8676422.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> This is Sambherao's first film in a leading role and Khandekar's first feature film as a director.<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Aali Ga Bhagabai<br />
| length1 = 3:04<br />
| lyrics1 = Manndar Cholkar<br />
| music1 = [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br />
| extra1 = Rohan Pradhan<br />
| title2 = Aiyo<br />
| length2 = 3:30<br />
| lyrics2 = Manndar Cholkar<br />
| music2 = [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br />
| extra2 = [[Rahul Vaidya]]<br>[[Vaishali Samant]]<br />
| title3 = Masti Chi Safar<br />
| length3 = 3:27<br />
| lyrics3 = Manndar Cholkar<br />
| music3 = Kashyap Sompura<br />
| extra3 = [[Sonu Nigam]]<br>Sriparna Chatterrjee<br />
| total_length = 10:01<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
On 18 September 2023, the first official motion poster featuring [[Girish Kulkarni]], [[Tejaswini Pandit]], [[Prasad Khandekar]], [[Namrata Sambherao]], [[Sayaji Shinde]], [[Onkar Bhojane]], [[Bhalchandra Kadam]] and [[Vishakha Subhedar]] was released, initially slated for release on 24 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-18 |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Poster Out: ओंकार भोजने आणि सयाजी शिंदेच्या नव्या चित्रपटाचे पोस्टर प्रदर्शित {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/bollywood/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-poster-out-prasad-khandekar-directer-492172.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The one-minute-long teaser was released on 20 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Video : नव्याकोऱ्या हॉटेलमध्ये कॉमेडीचा तडका! 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा'चा दमदार टीझर प्रदर्शित, तब्बल १६ विनोदवीर खळखळून हसवणार |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-teaser-out-now-prasad-khandekar-movie-will-release-on-24th-november-sva-00-3993336/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> On 13 November 2023, the maker announced the new release date of 8 December 2023 to avoid clashing with other Hindi and Marathi films.<ref>{{Cite web |title='एकदा येऊन तर बघा' चित्रपटाच्या प्रदर्शनाची तारीख बदलली; निर्मात्यांनी सांगितलं खरं कारण |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-movie-release-date-has-been-changed/articleshow/105188132.cms |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The almost three-minute-long official trailer was released two weeks prior to the film. The trailer garnered positive feedback from the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=रहस्यमयी कथानकाला कॉमेडीचा तडका, 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा'चा धम्माल ट्रेलर एकदा पाहाच! Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Trailer |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-movie-trailer-out-now-prasad-khandekar-tejaswini-pandit-onkar-bhojane-drj96 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=21 November 2023 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha - Official Trailer {{!}} Marathi Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-official-trailer/videoshow/105413388.cms |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the promotions, actor-director Khandekar expressed his disappointment that the movie was not getting theatres after its release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Marathi Film Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Fails To Get Screens, Devendra Fadnavis Threatens Legal Action Against Theatres |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/after-marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-fails-to-get-screens-devendra-fadnavis-threatens-legal-action-against-theatres |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The issue was taken up in the winter session of the [[Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra|Legislative Assembly]] on 7 December 2023, by the leader of the Legislative Council, [[Pravin Darekar]]. He said, "There is an artist named Prasad Khandekar from Borivali. His movie, ''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha'', is releasing on 8th December. But some grandfathers and bosses in the cinema do not allow their Marathi movies to get cinemas. Khandekar is a Marathi youth from an ordinary family. Cinema halls should be made available for his Marathi film immediately. It is requested that the Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister look into this."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jadhav |first=Devendra |date=2023-12-07 |title=Prasad Khandekar: 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा' पण थिएटरच नाही.. खांडेकरांच्या सिनेमाची चर्चा अधिवेशनात, फडणविसांनी दिलं आश्वासन |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/actor-prasad-khandekar-movie-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-not-getting-theatre-screens-dcm-fadanavis-assured-him-drj96 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Sakal |language=mr}}</ref> Following that, Deputy Chief Minister [[Devendra Fadnavis]] assured that the theatre would be opened, saying, "Prasad Khandekar is a very talented artist. He has consistently ruled the hearts of people through comedy fairs. Legal action will also be taken as necessary if their Marathi movies do not get cinemas."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Marathi Movie Issue: हिवाळी अधिवेशनात गाजला प्रसाद खांडेकरांच्या मराठी सिनेमाचा मुद्दा, उपमुख्यमंत्र्यांनी दिले 'हे' आश्वासन |url=https://www.timesnowmarathi.com/entertainment/prasad-khandekar-marathi-movie-issue-raised-in-assembly-devendra-fadnavis-gave-answer-article-105807975 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Times Now Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Priya |date=2023-12-07 |title=Prasad Khandekar: प्रसाद खांडेकरच्या 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा'ला थिएटर मिळेना, उपमुख्यमंत्र्यांनी दिलं कायदेशीर कारवाईचे आश्वासन |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-film-industry-maharashtra-winter-session-actor-pasad-khandekar-movie-ekada-yeun-tar-bagha-devendra-fadnavis-pravin-darekar-pvm91 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
Upon its release, ''Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha'' received generally mixed to negative reviews from critics.<br />
<br />
Anub George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a negative review, rating it 1.5 out of 5 stars. He mentioned, "While there are definite moments where you laugh out loud, they are few and far between."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Movie Review : You may find the movie interesting if you're a fan of Marathi comedy shows |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha/movie-review/105864238.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Sanjay Ghavre of ''[[Lokmat]]'' gave it 2.5 out of 5 stars, praising its performance and music but criticized its lack of cohesion, stating, "The film does not feel cohesive. It feels like watching a skit in bits and pieces. The climax feels like the screenplay has been stretched and extended."<ref>{{Cite web |last=author/sanjayghavare |date=2023-12-09 |title='हास्यजत्रा' फुलवणारा मंतरलेला वाडा, प्रसाद खांडेकरचा 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा' कसा आहे? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/prasad-khandekar-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-movie-review-a-a838-c971/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> Priya More from ''[[Saam TV|SaamTV]]'' praised the performances, especially that of Kulkarni, saying, "The film has a good grip till the interval. But in the second half, it is seen that this grip has loosened."<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Priya |date=2023-12-10 |title=Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha Review : खळखळून हसायचं आहे ... 'एकदा येऊन तर बघा'; रिव्ह्यू वाचून तर बघा! |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-film-ekada-yevun-tar-bagha-review-prasad-khandekar-namrata-sambherao-pvm91 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Saam Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref> A critic from ''Film Information'' commented, "Painter has written a story that is exaggerated so much that its comic flavor loses impact."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2023-12-08 |title=‘EKDA YEUN TAR BAGHA’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 8 December 2023 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-review-8-december-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
The film had a surprising first day at the box office, earning around {{INRConvert|90.69|l}}, despite less screens.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2023-12-09 |title=थिएटर कमी मिळूनही प्रसाद- नम्रताच्या चित्रपटाने केली विक्रमी कमाई, पहिल्याच दिवशी कमावला लाखोंचा गल्ला |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/prasad-khandekar-directed-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-marathi-film-1st-day-box-office-collection-cb99 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> It showed excellent growth on first weekend grossing over {{INRConvert|5.03|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date= 11 December 2023|title=अधिवेशनात मुद्दा मांडल्यानंतर प्रसाद खांडेकरच्या चित्रपटाला भरभरून प्रतिसाद, 3 दिवसांत इतक्या कोटींची कमाई |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/prasad-khandekar-movie-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-box-office-collection-increase-after-it-mentioned-in-assembly-winter-session-1090637.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|8|c}} in its final theatrical run.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-21 |title=Marathi film 'Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha' to get a Hindi remake; details inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-to-get-a-hindi-remake-details-inside/articleshow/107884667.cms |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Accolades ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Award<br />
!Year<br />
!Category<br />
!Recipient(s)<br />
!Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |Sanskruti Kaladarpan<br />
| rowspan="6" |2024<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|[[Girish Kulkarni]]<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actor<br />
|[[Prasad Khandekar]]<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actress<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Namrata Sambherao]]<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor in Comic Role<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Onkar Bhojane]]<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Music<br />
|[[Rohan-Rohan]]<br />
|{{pending}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|29541059|Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2023 films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Marathi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s Marathi-language comedy drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy mystery films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Gaganbawada]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parole_(2018_film)&diff=524546Parole (2018 film)2026-03-03T20:33:08Z<p>Harryson3545: added new entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Parole<br />
| image = PAROLE.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Sharrath Sandith<br />
| producer = Antony D'Cruz<br />
| writer = Ajith Poojappura<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mammootty]]|[[Ineya]]|[[Miya (actress)|Miya]]|[[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]|[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = {{Ubl<br />
| '''Songs:'''<br />
| [[Sharreth]]<br />
| Ellwyn Joshua<br />
| [[Aristo Suresh]]<br />
| '''Score:'''<br />
| Sharreth}}<br />
| cinematography = [[Loganathan Srinivasan]]<br />
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]<br />
| studio = Antony D'Cruz Entertainment<br />
| distributor = Century Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|04|06|ref1=<ref name="pp"/>}}<br />
| runtime = 150 minutes<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Parole''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[drama thriller film]] directed by Sharath Sandhith in his feature film debut and written by Ajith Poojappura, based on a true story. It stars [[Mammootty]], [[Ineya]], [[Miya (actress)|Miya]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] and [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ineya-thrilled-to-play-mammoottys-wife-in-parole/articleshow/61849137.cms|title=Ineya thrilled to play Mammootty's wife in Parole|date=30 November 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Deepa|last=Soman|access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> It began [[principal photography]] on 14 June 2017 in [[Bangalore]]. [[Loganathan Srinivasan]] was the cinematographer and [[Suresh Urs]] was the editor. Songs and score are composed by [[Sharreth]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-parole-teaser-has-the-megastar-in-two-getups/articleshow/63245420.cms|title=Mammootty's Parole teaser has the megastar in two getups - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=104576|title=Mammootty-starrer Parole's Teaser is out|website=kaumudiglobal.com|access-date=2018-03-11}}</ref> <br />
<br />
''Parole'' was released on 6 April 2018 in India.<ref name="pp"/><ref name="rd">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mammootty-parole-to-hit-screens-on-march-31-5082833/|title=Mammootty's Parole to hit screens on March 31|date= 1 March 2018|accessdate=17 March 2018|work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Alex "Mestri" Philippose is living a happy life with his wife Annie and son Shine, though she is [[epileptic]]. One day, he loses his temper and slaps Annie, triggering a fit which causes her to fall into a well. He fails to save her and his attempts are seen as proof that he killed her. He goes to jail. The first [[parole]] application is rejected since his son does not sign it, thinking he will be targeted next. After his sister Kathrina's death, he finally succeeds in getting parole, with the intention of seeing his son. After many attempts, he locates his son, but is distraught when he learns that he is a petty criminal, working for Sudarshan, a local drug kingpin. His son is brought in for questioning, but is taken by Sudarshan. Alex finds Sudarshan, beats him up and rescues his son.<br />
<br />
The police officer investigating the case threaten to arrest Shine, but decides to arrest Alex instead when he is reminded that his own son, one of Shine's friends, would also be incarcerated. The movie ends with everyone realising about Alex's innocence as he goes back to jail for another crime he did not commit.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Mammootty]] as Alex Mestri / Alex Philippose / Sakhavu Alex, a communist leader<br />
**[[Nebish Benson]] as Young Alex<br />
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Abdu<br />
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Varghese<br />
* [[Ineya]] as Annie<br />
* [[Miya (actress)|Miya]] as Kathrina<br />
* [[Lalu Alex]] as [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] Jacob Sam<br />
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Bullet Raghavan<br />
* [[V. K. Prakash]] as Krishnan Nair<br />
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Sakhavu Philippose, Alex's father (a senior communist leader)<br />
* [[Sudheer Karamana]] as Vattakannan Suku<br />
* [[Juby Ninan]] as Rajkumar<br />
* [[Sijoy Varghese]] as Varkkichen<br />
* [[Irshad (actor)|Irshad]] as Bennychen<br />
* [[Madan Mohan (actor)|Madan Mohan]] as Vinod<br />
* T. S. Raju as Sadasivan<br />
* [[Padmaraj Ratheesh]]<br />
* [[Sohan Seenulal]]<br />
* Ashwin Kkumar<br />
* Kalabhavan Haneef as Aani<br />
* [[Kalasala Babu]]<br />
* [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]] as Sandeep Raj<br />
* [[Chembil Ashokan]]<br />
* [[Kalinga Sasi]] as Kili<br />
* [[Muthumani]] as Hazeena<br />
* [[V. Suresh Thampanoor|Aristo Suresh]]<br />
* Harshitha Pisharady <br />
* [[Ganapathi (actor)|Ganapathi]]<br />
* [[Vishak Nair]]<br />
* [[Rony David]]<br />
* [[Hariprashanth M G]] as Sudarshan<br />
* Thankachan Vithura<br />
* Emil George<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
This is the [[feature film]] directorial debut of advertisement film maker Sharrath Sandith, who announced the film in May 2017 with Mammootty whom he had been directing for last 12 years for ad films and [[Miya George]] in cast. He said the other cast would be finalised after the filming began, and planned to shoot the film in two schedules to be in [[Bangalore]] and [[Kerala]]. The screenplay is based on a real life story.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-next-is-inspired-by-a-true-story/articleshow/58804038.cms|title=Mammootty's next is inspired by a true story|date=24 May 2017|access-date=17 March 2018|author=Sanjith Sidharthan|work=TOI}}</ref> The untitled film began principal photography on 14 June 2017 in Bangalore, with 25-days schedule planned there.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammootty-teams-ad-filmmaker-next-63753|title=Mammootty teams up with ad filmmaker next|date=16 June 2017|accessdate=11 March 2018|agency=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mammootty to begin shooting for Sharrath Sandith's film in Bangalore|author=Sanjith Sidhardhan | date= 13 Jun 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-to-begin-shooting-for-sharrath-sandiths-debut-film-from-june-14/articleshow/59126782.cms|access-date=11 March 2017|work=TOI}}</ref> [[Mammootty]] plays a prisoner and Communist comrade,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/parole-when-mammootty-named-his-own-film/articleshow/62220028.cms|title=Parole: When Mammootty named his own film - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-11}}</ref> while [[Juby Ninan]], who also co-produced the film, and [[Lalu Alex]] appear in jail wardens' roles.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/210917/in-a-juby-lant-mood.html|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |author=VANDANA MOHANDAS|date= 21 September 2017|title=In a Juby-lant mood|accessdate=14 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/mobile/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAyMDU4MDc%3D&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxOC0wMy0xMCAwODo0MTowMA%3D%3D&xD=MQ%3D%3D&cID=OQ%3D%3D|title=ലാലു അലക്സ് വീണ്ടും മമ്മൂട്ടി ക്യാമ്പിൽ|work=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|accessdate=14 March 2017|date=10 March 2018}}</ref> In December first, Sharrath revealed Miya's role as Mammootty's sister and stated that filming would be wrapped up in 10 days.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/miya-to-play-mammoottys-sister-in-the-upcoming-movie-parole/articleshow/61881657.cms|title=Miya to play Mammootty's sister in the upcoming movie Parole|author=Anjana George |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 December 2017|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film was shot in digital [[CinemaScope]] and [[4K resolution|4K]] cinematography was employed.<ref>{{cite web|title=പരോളുമായി മമ്മൂട്ടി|url=http://www.deepika.com/Cinema/Upcoming-Movies.aspx?Mammoottys-Parole-to-theatres&ID=1331|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=17 March 2017|work=[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]}}</ref> The filming took place in around 75 days, of which 25 days were part of prison sequences in Bangalore. Other parts were shot in and around [[Thodupuzha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/200079-location.html|title='പരോള്' മമ്മൂട്ടി: അലക്സ് എന്ന കര്ഷകൻ|date=13 March 2018|accessdate=17 March 2018|work=[[Mangalam]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Parole<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Sharreth]], Ellwyn Joshua, [[Aristo Suresh]]<br />'''Score:''' Sharreth<br />
| released = 2018<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 17:21<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| label = [[Manorama Music]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| chronology = [[Sharreth]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Naa Nuvve]]<br />
| prev_year = 2018<br />
| next_title = [[Autorsha]]<br />
| next_year = 2018<br />
| misc = {{external media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|uC0-t4-rR2o|''Parole'' – Jukebox}}}}<br />
{{Extra chronology<br />
| artist = [[Aristo Suresh]]<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| prev_title = [[Kuttanadan Marpappa]]<br />
| prev_year = 2018<br />
| title = Parole<br />
| year = 2018<br />
| next_title = [[Cuban Colony]]<br />
| next_year = 2018}}<br />
}}<br />
The film has songs composed by [[Sharreth]], Ellwyn Joshua, and [[Aristo Suresh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parole - All Songs |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/parole/X7opbkBw7AE_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=23 March 2018}}</ref><br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Chuvanna Pulari<br />
| length1 = 4:31<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]<br />
| music1 = [[Sharreth]]<br />
| title2 = Ilakalai Pookalai<br />
| length2 = 4:03<br />
| lyrics2 = [[B. K. Harinarayanan]]<br />
| extra2 = Vijay Yesudas, [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]<br />
| music2 = Ellwyn Joshua<br />
| title3 = Theyyaram Thalam<br />
| length3 = 2:23<br />
| lyrics3 = Sreeparvathi<br />
| extra3 = Sharreth<br />
| music3 = Sharreth<br />
| title4 = Parol Kalam<br />
| length4 = 2:49<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Aristo Suresh]]<br />
| extra4 = Aristo Suresh<br />
| music4 = Aristo Suresh<br />
| title5 = Iyya Ka Naubadu<br />
| length5 = 3:35<br />
| lyrics5 = [[Shihab Ghanem]]<br />
| extra5 = [[Jithin Raj (singer)|Jithin Raj]] <br />
| music5 = Sharreth<br />
| total_length = 17:21<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
On 29 March, due to a delay in obtaining the clearance certificate from the [[Animal Welfare Board of India]], which had to be submitted to the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] to attain the film's censor certificate, the original release date of 31 March 2018<ref name="rd"/> was pushed to 6 April.<Ref name="pp">{{cite web|title=മൃഗസംരക്ഷണ വകുപ്പിന്റെ ക്ലിയറൻസ് കാത്ത് മമ്മൂട്ടിയുടെ 'പരോള്', റിലീസ് തീയതിയില് മാറ്റമുണ്ടാകാന് സാധ്യത Total Collection 20 cr|url=https://www.iemalayalam.com/entertainment/mammooty-parole-awaits-clearance-for-release/|date=29 March 2018|accessdate=29 March 2018|work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
Sanjith Sidhardhan of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three in a scale of five and said, "''Parole'' has the elements that would appeal to a family audience – action, drama and sentiments – but a taut script and trimmed first half would have made it an even more engaging venture."<ref>Sanjith Sidhardhan (6 April 2018). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/parole/movie-review/63642407.cms "PAROLE MOVIE REVIEW"]. ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
''Financial Express'' wrote that "Mammootty wins hearts as Sakhavu Alex in this melodrama" and labelled the film as "entertaining".<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/parole-movie-review-mammootty-wins-hearts-as-sakhavu-alex-in-this-melodrama/1123680/ "Parole movie review: Mammootty wins hearts as Sakhavu Alex in this melodrama"]. ''Financial Express''. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated 1 out of 5 stars and said, "''Parole'' is not Mammootty's worst, but if you have seen him at his best, you have to wonder what on earth he is thinking when he picks scripts these days – or whether he is thinking at all.".<ref>Anna MM Vetticad (9 April 2018). [https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/parole-movie-review-as-generic-as-most-mammootty-films-these-days-but-not-his-worst-4423639.html "Parole movie review: As generic as most Mammootty films these days, but not his worst"]. ''Firstpost''. Retrieved 11 April 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
''[[Sify]]'' said, "With a script that is melodramatic to the core, the film looks old fashioned and follows a narrative pattern that would have been fine, maybe some decades back".<ref>MOVIEBUZZ (7 April 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180407104258/http://www.sify.com/movies/parole-review-strictly-for-mammootty-fans-review-malayalam-sehljCjadacji.html "Parole review: Strictly for Mammootty fans!"]. ''Sify''. Retrieved 11 April 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt7582962}}<br />
* {{facebook|ParoleMalayalamMovie}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2018 films]]<br />
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian prison films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Thodupuzha]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sharreth]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakravakam_(1974_Telugu_film)&diff=456247Chakravakam (1974 Telugu film)2026-03-03T20:22:51Z<p>Harryson3545: minor cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Chakravakam<br />
| image = Chakravakam poster.jpg<br />
<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]<br />
| producer = [[D. Ramanaidu]]<br />
| writer = Koduri Kausalya Devi (story)<br>[[Acharya Aatreya]] (dialogues)<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Sobhan Babu]]<br>[[S. V. Ranga Rao]]<br />[[Vanisree]]<br />
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]]<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1974}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Chakravakam''''' (చక్రవాకం) (<abbr>transl.</abbr> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] musical scale in South Indian classical music)<br />
<br />
is a 1974 Telugu [[drama film]] directed by [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]] and produced by [[D. Ramanaidu]] on [[Suresh Productions]] banner. It starred [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Vanisri]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Chandrakala]]. The film is based on the novel ''Chakravakam'' written by Koduri Kausalya Devi.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Jagapati ([[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] )enjoyed a blissful life with his loving family, consisting of three sons. Among them, Kiran([[Sobhan Babu]]) the youngest son, had developed strong feelings for Devarani [[Vanisri|(Vanisree)]] who happened to be the daughter of Jagapati's best friend, Dharmarayudu [[S. V. Ranga Rao|(SV Ranga Rao)]]<br />
<br />
However, Janaki ([[Rajasulochana]]), Kiran's sister-in-law, insisted that her father Nageswaraiah ([[Allu Ramalingaiah]]) arrange a marriage between Kiran and her sister, Indrani ([[Chandrakala]]). In order to prevent floods which devastating the village, a collection of funds was gathered to construct a dam.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, when floods besieged Jagapati's house, Dharmarayudu graciously provided shelter to Jagapati and his entire family. Tragically, the money that had been collected for the dam construction was stolen. To address this dire situation, Dharmarayudu was forced to sell his own house and leave the village. Amidst all this chaos, Jagapati without knowledge of Kiran, displayed no interest in facilitating the marriage between Kiran and Rani, nor did he offer any financial assistance to Dharmarayudu.Indrani, having also left the city and married Diwakar ([[Sreedhar]]) who met her during a train journey.<br />
<br />
Janaki, harboring resentment towards Kiran for rejecting the alliance with Indrani, resorted to manipulating a photograph of Diwakar and Rani, showing it to Kiran to create a misunderstanding. Eventually, Jagapati discovered that Nageswaraiah had stolen the funds intended for the dam and learned of Janaki's role in the morphed photograph incident. Tragically, Jagapati's wife Kamala [[G. Varalakshmi|(G.Varalakshmi)]] died due to her son Kiran's absence.<br />
<br />
Devastated, Kiran lost his way and became a wanderer, haunted by memories of Rani. Rani, deeply affected by the death of her father Dharmarayudu, withdrew from the world and fell ill with typhoid. Kiran learned of his mother's illness and subsequent passing. When he finally reunited with his father, he discovered that Rani's condition had deteriorated significantly. Finally, on the verge of a comatose state, Kiran encountered Rani. Miraculously, she recovered from her illness and eventually married Kiran, bringing an end to their turbulent journey.<br />
<br />
The emergence of cotton sarees marked the entry of Vanisree into Tollywood herself. In this movie, a total of 70 organdy voile sarees were adorned by Vanisree. Each of these sarees was priced below Rs. 200 during that time. With the next movie "Krishnaveni," Vanisree amazed everyone by showcasing approximately 40 exquisite organdy voile sarees.<br />
<br />
In the climax scene of the movie, Director. [[V. Madhusudhana Rao|(V.Madhusudhana Rao)]] had to play a minute role as a boatman named Rayalu. This decision was made because the then assistant director, [[K. Murari|(Katragadda Murari)]] who was originally intended to play the boatman, couldn't meet the director's expectations. In a spontaneous move, the director himself decided to transform into the character of Rayalu and quickly put on the boatman's attire to portray the role as required.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Sobhan Babu]] as Kiran<br />
* [[Vanisree]] as Devarani<br />
* [[Chandrakala]] as Indrani<br />
* [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Dharma Rayudu<br />
*[[Anjali Devi]]<br />
* [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] as Jagapati<br />
*[[G. Varalakshmi]]<br />
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Nageshwaraiah<br />
* [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]]<br />
* [[Rajasulochana]] as Janaki<br />
* [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Sriram<br />
* [[Sreedhar]] as Diwakar<br />
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Rajababu]]<br />
*[[D. Ramanaidu]]<br />
*[[V. Madhusudhana Rao|V.Madhusudhana Rao]] as Rayalu boatman<br />
* K.V. Chalam<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
* "Ee Nadila Naa Hrudayam Parugulu Teestundi" (Singers: [[V. Ramakrishna]] and [[P. Susheela]])<br />
* "Kothaga Pellaina Kurravaniki Pattapagale Tondara" (Singers: V. Ramakrishna and P. Susheela)<br />
* "Veenaleni Teeganu Neevuleni Bratukunu" (Singers: V. Ramakrishna and P. Susheela)<br />
* "Veenalona Teegalona Ekkadunnadi Ragamu" (Singer: P. Susheela)<br />
<br />
==Boxoffice==<br />
The film ran successfully for 200 days in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>[http://www.sobhanbabu.com/boxoffice.html Sobhan Babu Boxoffice hits.]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1974 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1974 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chef_Chidambara&diff=493761Chef Chidambara2026-03-03T12:11:53Z<p>Harryson3545: added basic post and citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Chef Chidambara<br />
| image = Chef Chidambara.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = M Anand Raj<br />
| writer = Shree Ganesh Parashuram (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = Shree Ganesh Parashuram<br />
| story = M Anand Raj<br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| producer = Roopa DN<br />
| starring = [[Aniruddha Jatkar]]<br />[[Rachel David]]<br />[[Nidhi Subbaiah]] <br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = Uday Leela<br />
| editing = Vijeth Chandra<br />
| music = Ritvik Muralidhar<br />
| studio = Damthi Pictures<br />
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|6|14}} <br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Chef Chidambara''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller drama film]] directed by M. Anand Raj and starring [[Aniruddha Jatkar]] in the titular role, [[Rachel David]] and [[Nidhi Subbaiah]]. The film was released to mixed-to-positive reviews.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Aniruddha Jatkar]] as Chef Chidambara<br />
*[[Rachel David]] as Anu<br />
*[[Nidhi Subbaiah]] as Mona <br />
*[[Sharath Lohithaswa]] as corrupt cop<br />
*Shivamani as don<br />
*KS Sridhar as Avinash<br />
<br />
==Production ==<br />
The film is based on a true story from Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chef-chidambara-is-based-on-a-true-story-from-sri-lanka-director-anand-raj/articleshow/110969437.cms|title=Chef Chidambara is based on a true story from Sri Lanka: Director Anand Raj|date=14 June 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=27 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627082633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chef-chidambara-is-based-on-a-true-story-from-sri-lanka-director-anand-raj/articleshow/110969437.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aniruddha Jatkar]] learned cooking for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mastering-the-kitchen-was-my-priority-for-chef-chidambara-aniruddha-jatkar/articleshow/110872274.cms|title=Mastering the kitchen was my priority for Chef Chidambara: Aniruddha Jatkar|date=11 June 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=27 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627082630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mastering-the-kitchen-was-my-priority-for-chef-chidambara-aniruddha-jatkar/articleshow/110872274.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "For the audience that is not so used this genre, one can expect a couple of surprises from ''Chef Chidambara''".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/chef-chidambara/movie-review/111017808.cms|title=Chef Chidambara Movie Review : Chef Chidambara review: A tasty biriyani with a few Elaichis|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=20 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620213909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/chef-chidambara/movie-review/111017808.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "If keeping the audience engaged until the climax without logic is a metric of success, then Raj’s thriller is a success".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/chef-chidambara-movie-review-paisa-vasool-engaging-dark-comedy-3067760|title='Chef Chidambara' movie review: Paisa vasool, engaging dark comedy|first=Jagadish|last=Angadi|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=20 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620213909/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/chef-chidambara-movie-review-paisa-vasool-engaging-dark-comedy-3067760|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "You can watch this movie if you like the dark comedy genre".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-chef-chidambara-a-dark-comedy/articleshow/111006440.cms|title=Kannada Movie Review-Chef Chidambara : A dark comedy|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=20 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620213901/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-chef-chidambara-a-dark-comedy/articleshow/111006440.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "''Chef Chidambara'' as a thriller is only as good as a non-vegetarian dish that hardly has any meat to savour".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/chef-chidambara-review-an-uncooked-thriller-with-hardly-any-meat-in-it-review-110935676|title=Chef Chidambara Review: An Uncooked Thriller With Hardly Any Meat In It|date=12 June 2024|website=Times Now|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=20 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620213910/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/chef-chidambara-review-an-uncooked-thriller-with-hardly-any-meat-in-it-review-110935676|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''The South First'' wrote that "Chef Chidambara makes for an entertaining one-time watch, with enough comedy and some good performances".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/chef-chidambara-movie-review/|title=Chef Chidambara review: A fun comedy that easily qualifies as a one-time watch|first=Sunayana|last=Suresh|date=13 June 2024|website=The South First|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=20 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620213901/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/chef-chidambara-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|28613886}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about chefs]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miley_Naa_Miley_Hum&diff=451567Miley Naa Miley Hum2026-03-02T09:20:11Z<p>Harryson3545: Expanded content with additional details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2011 film by Tanveer Ahmed}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Miley Naa Miley Hum<br />
| image = Miley naa Miley hum poster.jpg<br />
| alt = <!-- see WP:ALT --><br />
| caption = <br />
| director = Tanveer Khan<br />
| producer = Maverick Productions Pvt Ltd<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = Girish Dhamija, Tanveer Khan<br />
| starring = [[Kangana Ranaut]]<br>[[Sagarika Ghatge]]<br>[[Chirag Paswan]] <br>Tanya Abrol<br />
| music = [[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Baba Azmi]]<br />
| editing = Rameshwar S Bhagat<br />
| studio = Kamalistan and Filmcity<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|11|04}}<br />
| runtime = 115 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
'''''Miley Naa Miley Hum''''' ({{Translation|Whether we meet or don't}}) is a 2011 [[Bollywood|Indian]] film directed by Tanveer Khan, and marking the debut of [[Chirag Paswan]], son of the late politician [[Ram Vilas Paswan]].<ref name=deccan>{{cite web |title=Chirag Paswan, LJP's 'humble' Jamui nominee |publisher=Deccan Herald |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/395600/chirag-paswan-ljp039s-039humble039-jamui.html |date=30 March 2014 |accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> The film stars [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Sagarika Ghatge]]. The film was released on 4 November 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/friday-release-miley-naa-miley-hum-414770.html |title=Friday Release: Miley Naa Miley Hum |date=1 November 2011 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |website=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film went unnoticed and was a box office disaster.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Chirag comes from a wealthy background and assists his father, Siddharth Mehra, in managing and maintaining their land. Chirag's parents have been divorced due to incompatibility arising mainly due to his businesswoman mother, Shalini's hatred of tennis, a sport that Chirag wants to play professionally.<br />
<br />
Shalini and Siddharth would like to see Chirag married, and accordingly, Shalini picks [[London]]-based Kamiah, while Siddharth picks [[Bathinda]]-based Manjeet Ahluwalia. Chirag, who sneaks off to practice tennis at night, is asked to make a choice but informs them that he is in love with a model named Anishka. The displeased couple decides to confront and put pressure on a struggling and unknowing klutz-like Anishka to leave their son alone, but they fail.<br />
<br />
In the end, Chirag's parents realize their mistake and together attend Chirag's tennis match and give blessings to Chirag and Anishka.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Chirag Paswan]] as Chirag Mehra<br />
*[[Kangana Ranaut]] as Anishka Srivastava<br />
*[[Kabir Bedi]] as Siddharth Mehra<br />
*[[Poonam Dhillon]] as Shalini Mehra<br />
*[[Sagarika Ghatge]] as Kamiah<br />
*[[Neeru Bajwa]] as Manjeet Ahulwalia<br />
*[[Dalip Tahil]]<br />
*[[Suresh Menon]]<br />
*Tanya Abrol<br />
*[[Kunal Kumar]]<br />
*[[Shweta Tiwari]] (Special appearance in a son<br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 2.5 stars and claimed that "''Miley Naa Miley Hum'' is an absorbing fare with decent merits."<ref name="BH">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/miley-naa-miley-hum/critic-review/miley-naa-miley-hum-movie-review/ |title=Miley Naa Miley Hum Review |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 November 2011 |access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> Ankur Pathak of [[Rediff.com]] gave the film 1.5 out of 5 writing, "Miley Na Miley Hum is a film where nothing works, and nobody benefits (that is, if you don't count random product-placements). If you find lines like "Sushi is kacchi macchi" funny, or want to watch the noble game of tennis being massacred, this one's for you. And if you're turned on by unsympathetic characters creating conflict for no reason at all, watching Bigg Boss might be cheaper."<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Ankur |date=4 November 2011 |title=Miley Na Miley Hum is old 1990s mish-mash |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-miley-na-miley-hum/20111104.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Miley Naa Miley Hum<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| longtype = to Miley Naa Miley Hum<br />
| artist = [[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| border = yes<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2011<br />
| recorded = 2011<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length =<br />
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and Punjabi<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| producer = [[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Yeh Dooriyan]]<br />
| prev_year = 2011<br />
| next_title = [[Housefull 2]]<br />
| next_year = 2012<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Nazar Se Nazar Mille<br />
| extra1 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid]], Abhilasha Chellam, [[Anupama Raag]]<br />
| length1 = 5:12<br />
| title2 = Nazar Se Nazar Milie(Rahat)<br />
| extra2 = [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
| length2 = 5:00<br />
| title3 = Mahi Mahi<br />
| extra3 = [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] and Wajid<br />
| length3 = 3:36<br />
| title4 = Katto Gilehri<br />
| extra4 = [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Mamta Sharma]]<br />
| length4 = 4:26<br />
| title5 = Haan Yahi Pyaar Hai<br />
| extra5 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| length5 = 4:40<br />
| title6 = Wake Up Now<br />
| extra6 = Wajid, [[Suzanne D'Mello]]<br />
| length6 = 4:40<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<ref name="BH"/><ref name="Rediff"/><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/miley-naa-miley-hum-movie-review/articleshow/10605322.cms</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/miley-naa-miley-hum/870837/</ref><ref>https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/miley-naa-miley-hum-review/</ref><ref>https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/miley-naa-miley-hum-serve-and-bolly/articleshow/21486401.cms</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|2104937}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2011 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2011 masala films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sports comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2011 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tennis films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]<br />
<br />
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Meghdoot&diff=447291Operation Meghdoot2026-02-25T10:19:04Z<p>Harryson3545: page fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1984 Indian military operation in Kashmir}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Operation Meghdoot<br />
| width = <br />
| partof = the [[Siachen conflict]]<br />
| image = Siachen Glacier Satellite Image, 1.jpg<br />
| caption = Satellite imagery of the [[Siachen Glacier]]<br />
| date = {{date and age|1984|04|13|df=yes}}<br />
| place = [[Siachen Glacier]], [[Ladakh]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|35|25|N|76|55|E|type:adm1st_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}<br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_relief = <br />
| latitude = <br />
| longitude = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_marksize = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_label = <br />
| territory = India gains control of the entire [[Siachen Glacier]], and administers it as part of [[Ladakh]]<br />
| result = Indian Victory<br />
| status = <br />
| combatants_header = <br />
| combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}}<br />
| combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}}<br />
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg|size=23px}} [[Giani]] [[Zail Singh]]<br />(<small>[[President of India]]</small>)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lt Gen]] [[Prem Nath Hoon| P N Hoon]]<br />(<small>[[General officer commanding|GOC]], [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]]</small>)<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Brigadier (India)|Brig]] Vijay Channa<br/>(<small>Commander, 26 Sector</small>)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Lieutenant colonel|Lt. Col.]] D K Khanna<br />
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the President of Pakistan.svg|size=23px}} [[General|Gen.]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]]<br />(<small>[[President of Pakistan]]</small>)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Lieutenant general|Lt. Gen.]] [[Zahid Ali Akbar Khan|Zahid Ali Akbar]]<br />(<small>[[General officer commanding|Commander]], [[X Corps (Pakistan)|X Corps]]</small>)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Brigadier general|Brig.]] [[Pervez Musharraf]]<br />
| strength1 = 3,000+<br />
| strength2 = 3,000+<br />
| casualties1 = Unknown<br />
| casualties2 = Unknown<br />
| notes = <br />
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Operation Meghdoot''' was the codename for the [[Indian Armed Forces]] 1984 operation launched to preempt Pakistan's competing '''Operation Ababeel''' to take full control of the [[Siachen Glacier]] in [[Ladakh]] on the tri-junction of the [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan]]-[[Sino-Indian border dispute|China border]] in the [[Himalayas]]. Even though Pakistan had conceived their Operation Ababeel in 1983, earlier than India, India preempted them in execution by launching Operation Meghdoot on the morning of 13 April 1984, four days earlier than Pakistan had planned to launch Operation Ababeel. Thus, India's Operation Meghdoot succeeded, and Pakistan's Operation Ababeel failed even before it began, resulting in Indian forces gaining control of the entire Siachen Glacier, which is the battlefield with the highest elevation in the world.<ref name=sooda1>[https://www.mid-day.com/columnists/2012/apr/260412-Story-of-Saltoro-From-Ababeel-to-Meghdoot.htm. "Story of Saltoro – From Ababeel to Meghdoot".], Mid-Day, 26 April 2012.</ref> <br />
<br />
Currently, the Indian Army remains the first and only army in the world to have deployed [[tank]]s and other heavy ordnance at altitudes well over 5,000 meters. Up to ten infantry battalions each of the Indian Army and Pakistan Army are actively deployed at high altitudes of up to 6,400 meters throughout the region due to the present [[Siachen conflict]].<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
<br />
=== India-Pakistan conflict and vague demarcation of LOC ===<br />
{{anchor | LOC }}<br />
<br />
In the context of the wider [[India Pakistan wars and conflicts]], the Siachen Glacier became a bone of contention following a vague demarcation of territories in the [[Karachi Agreement]] of July 1949 which did not exactly specify who had authority over the Siachen Glacier area. India and Pakistan had demarcated the borders of the disputed area in Ladakh by demarcating the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LOC) which ended at the Point [[NJ9842]] and the area further north of this which lies in Siachen was not demarcated. Indian interpretation was that Pakistan territory extended only to about the [[Saltoro Ridge]], where the territorial line's route after the last demarcated Point NJ9842 was "thence north to the glaciers." Pakistan interpretation was that their territory continued northeast from Point NJ9842 to the [[Karakoram Pass]]. As a result, both nations claimed the Siachen Glacier and the alpine heights around the Siachen Glacier.<br />
<br />
=== 1970s-80s: Pakistani permissions to foreigner's mountaineering expeditions in Siachen ===<br />
{{anchor | PakExpedition | PakiExpeditions }}<br />
<br />
In the 1970s and early 1980s, Pakistan permitted several mountaineering expeditions to climb the peaks in the Siachen region from the Pakistani side, perhaps in an attempt to reinforce their claim on the area as these expeditions received permits obtained from the Government of Pakistan and in many cases a liaison officer from the Pakistan Army accompanied the teams. <br />
<br />
Notably, when Pakistan gave permission to a Japanese expedition to scale an important peak ([[Rimo I]]) in 1984, it further fueled the suspicion of the Indian Government of Pakistani attempts to legitimize their claim. The peak, located east of the Siachen Glacier, also overlooks the northwestern areas of the [[Aksai Chin]], an area which is disputed between [[India]], and China. The Indian military believed that such an expedition could further link up the northeastern side to the southwestern side of the [[Karakoram Range]] and eventually provide a strategic, if not tactical, advantage to Pakistan.<br />
<br />
===1978-early 1980s: Indian mountaineering expeditions to Siachen===<br />
{{anchor | IndiExpedition | IndiExpeditions }}<br />
<br />
In 1978, the Indian Army also allowed mountaineering expeditions to the glacier, approaching from its side. The first one launched in 1978 by Colonel [[Colonel Narendra Kumar|Narinder Kumar]] of the [[Indian Army]], who led an expedition to [[Teram Kangri]], along with medical officer Captain AVS Gupta and S.C Vahie. The [[Indian Air Force]] provided valuable logistics support to this expedition and supply of fresh rations. The first air landing on the glacier was carried out on 6 October 1978 when two casualties were evacuated from the Advance Base Camp in a [[HAL Chetak|Chetak]] helicopter by Squadron Leader Monga and Flying Officer Manmohan Bahadur.<br />
<br />
In 1980, the Commander of [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|3 Artillery Brigade]], Brigadier K N Thadani VSM,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigadier KN Thadani VSM {{!}} Ascent of Apsarasas-1 in the Siachen Glacier |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/38/19/the-ascent-of-apsarasas-i-in-the-karakoram/ |website=www.himalayanclub.org/ |language=en}}</ref> led a 68-member [[Indian Army]] military expedition (consisting of 2 Majors, 5 Captains, 1 Second Lieutenant and 59 Other Ranks of the army) to Apsarasas-1 a part of the [[Apsarasas Kangri]] sub-range in the Siachen Glacier, Ladakh. On 18 September 1980, 16 members of the Indian Army expedition successfully scaled the summit. Then in 1984, Lieutenant Colonel Prem Chand<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lt Col Prem Chand {{!}} Ascent of K12 in the Siachen Glacier |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/41/15/ascent-of-k12-7428-m-in-saltoro-hills-range/ |website=www.himalayanclub.org/ |language=en}}</ref> Snow Tiger, of the [[Dogra Regiment]] led a 54-member [[Indian Army]] military expedition (consisting of Officers and Other Ranks of the army) to K12 on the [[Saltoro Mountains|Saltoro Range]] in the Siachen Glacier, Ladakh. On 17 October 1984, members of the Indian Army expedition successfully summited the peak.<br />
<br />
== Race against time: Pakistan's Operation Ababeel vs India's Operation Meghdoot ==<br />
{{anchor | Race | Versus }}<br />
<br />
=== 1983-84: Pakistan's Operation Ababeel ===<br />
{{anchor | Ababeel }}<br />
<br />
Operation Ababeel, conceived in 1983, was the code-name for a military operation planned by the Pakistani Armed Forces to capture the Siachen Glacier in the disputed Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen Conflict. The operation aimed to establish Pakistani control over key points on the Siachen Glacier and the Saltoro Ridge, but it was preempted by India’s Operation Meghdoot, resulting in its failure.<ref name=sooda1/> <br />
<br />
==== Conception of Operation Ababeel ====<br />
{{anchor | AbabeelConceieve }}<br />
<br />
The planning phase of Operation Ababeel was finalized by late 1983, with the operation scheduled for early 1984. The Pakistani military intended to launch the operation in May 1984, as the harsh winter conditions of the Siachen Glacier made earlier deployment challenging. The Pakistani forced was code named '''Burzil Force''', comprising [[Special Services Group]] (SSG) commandos and other units, was to be deployed from [[Skardu]] with ground-based commando tactics, leveraging Pakistan’s gravel road access to the Saltoro Range for rapid troop movement.<ref name=mushu1/><ref name=mushu2/><br />
<br />
The conception of Operation Ababeel began in 1983, when Pakistani military planners, based at General Headquarters (GHQ) in Rawalpindi, identified the strategic importance of the Siachen Glacier. Intelligence reports indicated that India was conducting mountaineering expeditions in the region, raising concerns that India might assert control over the undemarcated territory beyond the Line of Control (LoC) point NJ9842, as per the 1949 Karachi Agreement.<ref name=sooda1/><ref name=mushu1/><ref name=mushu2/> After analyzing the Indian Army's mountaineering expeditions, they feared that India might capture key ridges and mountain passes near the glacier, and decided to send their own troops first.<ref name=time-war/> Pakistan’s decision to launch Operation Ababeel was driven by the need to preempt Indian control and secure key passes, particularly on the Saltoro Ridge, which overlooks the Siachen Glacier.<ref name=sooda1/> Pakistani generals, including then-Brigadier [[Pervez Musharraf]], began planning the operation after confirming Indian patrols in the Siachen area. The plan involved the capture of strategic heights on the Saltoro Ridge on the western flank of Siachen Glacier, including passes like [[Bilafond La]] and [[Sia La]], at altitudes up to 16,000 ft (4,877 m).<ref name=sooda1/><ref name=mushu1>Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. Free Press. ISBN 978-0743283441.</ref><ref name=mushu2>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/india/32123153_1_icy-heights-siachen-glacier-saltoro-ridge-defence-secretary-level-talks. "India will not give up tactical advantage over Pak in Siachen".]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, The Times of India, 8 June 2012.</ref> <br />
<br />
====Procurement of high altitude equipment====<br />
{{anchor | Procurement }}<br />
<br />
In mid-1983, Pakistan ordered Arctic-weather gear from a London supplier, inadvertently alerting India, as the same supplier provided equipment to the Indian Army. This procurement was a key indicator of Pakistan’s intent to launch a high-altitude operation. The Indians were informed about this development and initiated their own plan, providing them with a head start.<ref name=sooda1/><ref name=time-war>{{cite news | url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1079528,00.html | work=Time Magazine | title=War at the Top of the World | date=4 July 2005 | access-date=2011-12-30 | archive-date=20 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220233035/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1079528%2C00.html | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
====1 May 1984: planned launch date for Operation Ababeel====<br />
{{anchor | AbabeelLD }}<br />
<br />
The operation was set to commence around May 1, 1984, as the commanding officer of Pakistan’s Forces Command Northern Areas (FCNA) declined to deploy troops during winter due to lack of operational experience in such conditions.<ref name=mushu1/><ref name=mushu2/><br />
<br />
===India's Operation Meghdoot===<br />
[[File:Kashmir_map.jpg|thumb|420x346px|right|[[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]]]<br />
{{anchor | Meghdoot }}<br />
<br />
====Conception of Operation Meghdoot====<br />
{{anchor | MeghdootConceive }}<br />
<br />
The [[Indian Army]] decided to deploy troops from the northern [[Ladakh]] region as well as some paramilitary forces to the glacier area. Most of the troops had been acclimatized to the extremities of the glacier through a training expedition to [[Antarctica]] in 1982 before eventually launching the operation to occupy the complete glacier.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/how-raw-outsmarted-isi-to-win-siachen-for-india-through-operation-meghdoot-263062.html|title = How RAW Outsmarted ISI to Win Siachen for India Through 'Operation Meghdoot'|date = 6 October 2016|access-date = 23 June 2018|archive-date = 23 June 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180623171217/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/how-raw-outsmarted-isi-to-win-siachen-for-india-through-operation-meghdoot-263062.html|url-status = live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
====13 April 1984 Vaisakhi day: planned launch date for Operation Meghdoot====<br />
{{anchor | MeghdootLD}}<br />
<br />
Operation Meghdoot was led by Lieutenant General [[Prem Nath Hoon|P N Hoon]]. The task of occupying the Saltoro ridge was given to the Commander of 26 Sector, Brigadier Vijay Channa, who was tasked with launching the operation between 10 and 30 April. He chose 13 April, as it was [[Vaisakhi]], and the Pakistanis would be least expecting the Indians to launch an operation.<ref name=execut1>{{Cite web|url = https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/operation-meghdoot-34-years-ago-how-india-won-siachen-5135429/|title = Operation Meghdoot: 34 years ago, how India won Siachen|date = 13 April 2018|access-date = 23 June 2018|archive-date = 23 June 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180623141457/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/operation-meghdoot-34-years-ago-how-india-won-siachen-5135429/|url-status = live}}</ref> The final approval was granted by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] after the Army brass gave a detailed presentation about the operation to the then Defence Minister [[R. Venkataraman]].<ref name=start1/> The preparations for Operation Meghdoot started with the airlift of troops and supplies by the [[Indian Air Force]] to the base of the glacier area.<br />
<br />
=== Execution: Operation Meghdoot preempts Operation Ababeel ===<br />
{{anchor | Execution }}<br />
<br />
====13 April 1984: India launches Operation Meghdoot====<br />
{{anchor | MeghdootExec }}<br />
<br />
The [[Indian Army]] planned the operation to control the glacier by 13 April 1984, to preempt the Pakistani Army by about 4 days, as intelligence had reported that the Pakistani operation planned to start sending their forces by 17 April to liberate the glacier.<ref name=execut1/> The first phase of the operation began in March 1984, a battalion of the [[Kumaon Regiment]] under the command of [[Lieutenant colonel|Lt Col]] D K Khanna and units of the [[Ladakh Scouts]], marched on foot with full battle packs through a snow bound [[Zoji La]] for days to avoid detection.<ref name=start1>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-14 |title=Remembering Operation Meghdoot: How Indian Army took Siachen, forty years ago |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/operation-meghdoot-siachen-army-9268157/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=ia-meghdoot>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp3PLMMCRM6C.aspx?MnId=GWOq5gm/3bWnw01bjgMFeA==&ParentID=PUXKeyfrbKTnUWp2lVC0YA==|title=Operation Meghdoot|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220856/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp3PLMMCRM6C.aspx?MnId=GWOq5gm%2F3bWnw01bjgMFeA%3D%3D&ParentID=PUXKeyfrbKTnUWp2lVC0YA%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> The first unit led by Major R S Sadhu was tasked with establishing a position on the heights of the glacier. The next unit led by Captain Sanjay Kulkarni and Second Lieutenant Anant Bhuyan secured [[Bilafond La]]. The remaining units led by Captain P V Yadav moved forward and climbed for four days to secure the remaining heights of the [[Saltoro Mountains|Saltoro Ridge]].<ref name=ia-meghdoot/> By 13 April, approximately 300 Indian troops were dug into the critical peaks and passes of the glacier.<br />
<br />
==== 17 April 1984: Pakistan launches Operation Ababeel ====<br />
{{anchor | AbabeelExec }}<br />
<br />
By the time Pakistan's advanced reconnaissance troops managed to get to the Saltoro Ridge area on 17 April 1984,<ref name="BaghelNusser"/> for the full launch of Operation Ababeel on 1 May 1984,<ref name=mushu1/><ref name=mushu2/> they found that the Indian Army had control over all major mountain passes of [[Sia La]], Bilafond La and [[Gyong La]] and all the commanding heights of the Saltoro Ridge west of the Siachen Glacier.<ref name="BaghelNusser">{{cite journal|title=Securing the heights; The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram |author=Baghel, Ravi |pages=24–36 |date=2015-06-17|publisher=Elsevier |author2=Nusser, Marcus |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.05.001 |volume=48 |journal=Political Geography|doi-access=free }}</ref> Handicapped by the altitude and the limited time, Pakistan could only manage to control the Saltoro Ridge's western slopes and foothills; despite the fact that Pakistan possessed more ground accessible routes to the area, unlike Indian access which was largely reliant on air drops for supplies due to the steeper eastern side of the glacier.<br />
<br />
==== Outcome: Success of Operation Meghdoot and failure of Operation Ababeel ====<br />
{{anchor | Outcome | Result }}<br />
<br />
Operation Ababeel failed to materialize as planned due to India’s preemptive Operation Meghdoot, launched on April 13, 1984. Indian intelligence, including inputs from the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW) station chief in Srinagar, [[Vikram Sood]], alerted the Indian Army to Pakistan’s plans. The Indian troops, led by the [[Kumaon Regiment]] and [[Ladakh Scouts]], secured the Siachen Glacier and the Saltoro Ridge, including key passes like Bilafond La, Sia La, and Gyong La, just 48 hours before Pakistan’s intended launch. This rendered Pakistan’s plan unfeasible, as Indian forces established control over the glacier and its approaches. Pakistan’s Burzil Force was unable to execute the planned assault, and Pakistani troops instead liberated positions surrounding Indian posts, leading to a stalemate where both sides maintained high-altitude deployments within shooting range. The [[Indian Army]] advance by then controlled 985.71 sq mi (2,553.0 km<sup>2</sup>) of its own territory. Camps were soon converted into permanent posts by both countries. Operation Ababeel was effectively abandoned as a result of India’s decisive action.<ref name=sooda1/><ref name=mushu2/><ref name=mushu3>[http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/J-AND-K-factfile-on-india-pakistan-siachen-dispute-2147039.html "Factfile on India-Pakistan Siachen dispute".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215173620/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/J-AND-K-factfile-on-india-pakistan-siachen-dispute-2147039.html |date=15 February 2016 }}, Daily Bhaskar, 30 May 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
==== Casualties ====<br />
<br />
No reliable data is available on the number of casualties on both sides during this particular operation. Both sides incurred most of their casualties from the weather and the terrain; and avalanches and crevasses during patrols.<ref name=sooda1/><ref name=mushu2/><ref name=mushu3/><br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
<br />
=== Strategic Indian control ===<br />
{{anchor | Strategic | Control }}<br />
<br />
The operation resulted in India gaining the 70 kilometers long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes on the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier; Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Thus, giving India the tactical advantage of holding higher grounds. The AGPL runs roughly along the Saltoro Ridge which extends nearly 120 kilometers from Point NJ9842 to the Shaksgam Tract (a part of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]; which Pakistan had ceded to China in 1963).<ref name=control2>R Baghela and M Nüsserab, 2015, [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629815000347 Securing the heights: The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225071326/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629815000347 |date=25 February 2021 }}, [[Political Geography (journal)]], Volume 48, Pages 24-36.</ref><br />
<br />
===Cost drain===<br />
{{anchor | ROI | Cost }}<br />
<br />
The operation and the continued cost of maintaining logistics to the area is a major drain on both militaries. <br />
<br />
===1987-89: Pakistan's failed attempts to recapture and India's successful Operation Rajiv===<br />
{{anchor | Failure }}<br />
<br />
Pakistan launched an all-out assault in 1987 and again in 1989 to capture the ridge and passes held by India. The first assault was headed by [[Pervez Musharraf]] (then a [[Brigadier]]) and initially managed to capture a few high points before being pushed back. Later the same year, as a consequence of India's counter-attack in [[Operation Rajiv]] Pakistan lost at least one major Pakistani post, the "[[Quaid-e-Azam|Quaid]]", which came under Indian control as [[Bana Top|Bana Post]], in recognition of [[Bana Singh]] who launched a daylight attack, codenamed [[Operation Rajiv]], after climbing {{convert|1500|ft|abbr=on}} of ice cliff. Bana Singh was awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]]–the highest gallantry award of India for the assault that captured the post.<br />
<br />
[[Operation Rajiv|Bana Post]] is the highest battlefield post in the world at a height of {{convert|22143|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref name=rediff-hope>{{cite news|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/25hope.htm|title=Project Hope|publisher=Rediff|date=2001-01-25|access-date=2011-12-30|archive-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426133445/http://in.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/25hope.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=br-siachen>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/History/1984/290-Confrontation.html|title=Confrontation at Siachen, 26 June 1987|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=2011-12-30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224074306/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/History/1984/290-Confrontation.html|df=dmy-all|archive-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> During 1988 Pakistani forces made repeated attempts to take Bana Post, during their last attempt to take this key post on 9 May 1988 they fixed four ropes and a ladder system on the ice wall below the post. The attack was unsuccessful, but the ropes and ladder system fixed by Pakistanis remained in position, making it possible for them to be used again in fresh attempts to take the post. On 18 May 1988 Indians cut two of the four. On 26 May 1988, the Observation Post Officer, Captain Pratap Singh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain Pratap Singh {{!}} Gallantry Awards |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/1487 |website=www.gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref> of [[75 Medium Regiment (India)|75 Medium Regiment]] was killed by a grenade while removing the ladder.<br />
<br />
=== 1999: Futile Kargil War ===<br />
{{anchor | Kargil }}<br />
<br />
In 1999, the area saw the Pakistan's [[Operation_Safed_Sagar#Operations|Operation Badr]] and India's counter-attack in [[Operation Safed Sagar]] during the [[Kargil War]].<br />
<br />
==In popular media==<br />
<br />
* Books<br />
** ''Beyond NJ 9842: The Siachen Saga''<br />
** ''Meghdoot: The Beginning of the Coldest War''<br />
<br />
* [[TV documentary]] <br />
<br />
** ''Operation Meghdoot: How India Captured Siachen (Battle Ops)'' (2018) is a TV documentary which premièred on the [[Discovery Channel]]'s [[Veer by Discovery]] series, Battle Ops.<ref name="VeerTV">{{cite news|title=This R-Day, get ready for Discovery channel's 'Battle Ops'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/discovery-channels-new-series-battle-ops-on-indias-iconic-military-operations/article22520490.ece|access-date=22 April 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 January 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806152611/https://www.thehindu.com/society/discovery-channels-new-series-battle-ops-on-indias-iconic-military-operations/article22520490.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VeerYTV">{{cite web|title=Operation Meghdoot: How India Captured Siachen Battle Ops|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q7AC66O8nU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/3Q7AC66O8nU |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|publisher=Veer by Discovery|access-date=22 April 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* Borders<br />
** [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL)<br />
** [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] (IB)<br />
** [[Line of Control]] (LoC)<br />
** [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC)<br />
** [[Sir Creek]] (SC)<br />
** [[Borders of China]]<br />
** [[Borders of India]]<br />
** [[:Category:Borders of Pakistan|Borders of Pakistan]]<br />
<br />
* Conflicts <br />
** [[Kashmir conflict]]<br />
** [[Siachen conflict]]<br />
** [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian conflict]]<br />
<br />
* Disputed territories<br />
** [[:Category:Territorial disputes of China|List of disputed territories of China]]<br />
** [[List of disputed territories of India]]<br />
** [[:Category:Territorial disputes of Pakistan|List of disputed territories of Pakistan]]<br />
** [[Northern Areas]]<br />
** [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]<br />
** [[Sino-Pakistan Agreement]] for transfer of Trans-Karakoram Tract to China<br />
<br />
* [[List of extreme points of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060417114400/http://armedforces.nic.in/airforce/majop1.htm Indian Air Force]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050707031356/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050711/story.html War at the top of the World] - Article in ''[[TIME]]''.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120614202808/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1990s/Siachen01.html The buildup to Operation ''Meghdoot'' by Wing Commander M. Bahadur]<br />
<br />
{{Military of India}}<br />
{{Military history of Pakistan}}<br />
{{Pakistani Armed Forces}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meghdoot 1984}}<br />
[[Category:Military operations of the Siachen conflict]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1984]]<br />
[[Category:1984 in India]]<br />
[[Category:1984 in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Operations involving the Indian Air Force]]<br />
[[Category:April 1984 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Invasions by India]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramya_Krishnan&diff=455857Ramya Krishnan2026-02-25T07:09:12Z<p>Harryson3545: corrected intro additionally and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress (born 1970)}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|Ramya|Krishnan}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ramya Krishnan<br />
| image = Ramya Krishnan.jpg<br />
| caption = Ramya in 2016<br />
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| other_names = Ramya Krishna<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|09|15|df=y}}<!--DO NOT change this without providing a source--><br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| works = [[Ramya Krishnan filmography|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Krishna Vamsi]]|2003}}<br />
| children = 1<br />
| relatives = [[Cho Ramaswamy]] (uncle)<br />
| yearsactive = 1984–present<br />
}}<br />
'''Ramya Krishnan''' (born 15 September 1970)<!--DO NOT change this without providing a source-->,<ref name="bdt" /> also credited as '''Ramya Krishna''', is an Indian actress known predominantly for her work in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films, along with appearances in [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]] films.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2019 |title=Ramya Krishna joins Romantic for shoot in Goa |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ramya-krishna-joins-romantic-for-shoot-in-goa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127225954/https://telanganatoday.com/ramya-krishna-joins-romantic-for-shoot-in-goa |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref><!--Please do not change the languages order without discussing at the talk page--><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Ramya was born on 15 September 1970 in [[Madras]] (present-day Chennai), [[Tamil Nadu]] to a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] father.<ref name="bdt">{{Cite news |last1=Mahesh |first1=R. Richard |last2=Media |first2=Sampurn |date=16 September 2009 |title=Actress Ramya Krishnan celebrates her birthday |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article153130.ece |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611161627/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article153130.ece |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=22 May 2016 |quote=Actress Ramya Krishnan celebrated her 39th birthday yesterday (Sep 15)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw6bywTR44M |title=Ramya Krishnan Interview with Baradwaj Rangan {{!}} Baahubali 2: The Conclusion |date=15 May 2017 |publisher=[[Film Companion]] |time=10:48 |access-date=27 October 2023 |quote=My father is Telugu. But I was born and brought up in Chennai. |via=YouTube}}</ref> She is the niece of [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] [[Cho Ramaswamy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cho uncle and Amma were my biggest inspirations: Ramya Krishnan |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=8 December 2016 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/081216/cho-uncle-and-amma-were-my-biggest-inspirations-ramya-krishnan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130230651/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/081216/cho-uncle-and-amma-were-my-biggest-inspirations-ramya-krishnan.html |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Film career==<br />
<br />
=== Debut and early struggles (1984–1988) ===<br />
She started her acting career with the Malayalam film ''[[Neram Pularumbol]]''. Although this was the first movie where she acted, it had a delayed release in 1986. Her first release was ''Vellai Manasu'' in 1985, a Tamil movie opposite [[Y. G. Mahendra]]. Her first Telugu film was ''Bhalae Mithrulu'' (1986). Then she went on to play supporting roles in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films which include ''[[Padikkadavan (1985 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' (1985) starring [[Rajinikanth]] where she was given a uncredited role and ''[[Per Sollum Pillai]]'' (1987) starring [[Kamal Haasan]]. In Telugu, she starred with [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] in ''[[Madana Gopaludu]]'' (1987), ''Bhama Kalapam'' (1988), ''[[Asthulu Anthasthulu]]'' (1988) and ''[[Bava Marudula Saval]]'' (1988). She worked in Malayalam films such as ''[[Orkkappurathu]]'', ''[[Aryan (1988 film)|Aryan]]'' and ''[[Anuragi]]'' with [[Mohanlal]]. She enjoyed success in Kannada movies as well. One of her earlier roles as heroine was in ''[[Krishna Rukmini]]'' opposite superstar [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]. She played a small role in the Hindi film ''[[Dayavan]]'' that starred veteran actor [[Vinod Khanna]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/baahubali-stars-and-their-bollywood-connection/ramya-krishnans-debut-opposite-vinod-khanna/photostory/58419899.cms |title=Ramya Krishnan's debut opposite Vinod Khanna - 'Baahubali' stars and their Bollywood connection |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021145035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/baahubali-stars-and-their-bollywood-connection/ramya-krishnans-debut-opposite-vinod-khanna/photostory/58419899.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Breakthrough in Telugu and Hindi (1989–1998)===<br />
After a series of failures in both Tamil and [[Telugu language|Telugu]], she achieved fame through [[K. Viswanath]]'s ''[[Sutradharulu]]'', released in 1989. Her breakthrough came from [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] directorial movies where she emerged as a commercial romantic diva, due to successful movies such as ''[[Alludugaru]]'' (1990), ''[[Allari Mogudu]]'' (1992), ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' (1993) along with [[Mohan Babu]] and ''[[Allari Priyudu]]'' (1993) along with [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]]. She played the role of a devoted wife of [[Sri Annamacharya]], which was played by [[Nagarjuna]] in the film ''[[Annamayya (film)|Annamayya]]'' (1997). In 1998, she played a leading role in ''[[Kante Koothurne Kanu]]''. She received a [[Nandi Award for Best Actress]] from the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for her performance in the film. Her biggest Kannada hits include ''[[Gadibidi Ganda]]'' (1993) and ''[[Mangalyam Tantunanena]]'' (1998) with [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]].<br />
<br />
Ramya made her debut as a heroine in [[Hindi Cinema|Hindi]] films with [[Yash Chopra]]'s [[Parampara (1993 film)|Parampara]] (1993). She acted in a few more Hindi films including [[Subhash Ghai]]'s ''[[Khalnayak]]'' (1993), [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s ''[[Chaahat (1996 film)|Chaahat]]'' (1996), [[David Dhawan]]'s ''[[Banarasi Babu (1997 film)|Banarasi Babu]]'' (1997), and ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' (1998) along with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Shapath]] with [[Mithun Chakraborty]].<br />
<br />
===Comeback to Tamil cinema and Debut in TV serials (1999–2014)===<br />
After a four-year break from Tamil cinema, in 1999, Ramya played the female antagonist, Neelambari in ''[[Padayappa]]'' opposite [[Rajinikanth]]. The critic from [[Rediff]] stated "Ramya does a fantastic job. She is vicious to her dying breath, when she declares she will revenge herself in her next life. She does a fabulous tandav of rage when her father commits suicide".<ref name="nadar">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/apr/28pada.htm |title=Rajni does it again |last=Nadar |first=Ganesh |date=28 April 1999 |publisher=Rediff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226055558/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/apr/28pada.htm |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref> She went onto receive several awards including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]. She then starred in commercially successful films like ''[[Budget Padmanabhan]]'' and ''[[Panchatanthiram]]''. The critic from [[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] called her performance in ''Panchatanthiram'' "one of the finest performances ever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/2EC3A7FCA04F3FB6E5256BFF0033A9F5 |title=Panchathanthiram |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=19 July 2002 |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322151649/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/2EC3A7FCA04F3FB6E5256BFF0033A9F5 |archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref><br />
Ramya has also acted in many devotional films including ''[[Rajakali Amman]]'' (2000), ''[[Nageswari]]'' (2001), ''[[Sri Raja Rajeshwari]]'' (2001) and ''[[Annai Kaligambal]]'' (2003).<br />
<br />
Her notable film in Malayalam was ''[[Ore Kadal]]'' (2007) with [[Mammootty]], which received [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]. She had acted as the mother-in-law of [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] in the movie ''[[Naa Alludu]]'' (2005) marked for her role and later in the film ''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]'' (2009). She also appeared in a guest role in item songs in Tollywood and Kollywood.<br />
<br />
She turned to acting in TV serials before hosting a game show called ''Thanga Vettai'', on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], and judging a dance show, ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]'', on [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]. Ramya is stepping in television serials for the first time. She was seen in ''[[Kalasam (TV series)|Kalasam]]'' in two roles. One of them is Neelambari, a character she played in the [[Rajinikanth]] starrer ''[[Padayappa]]''. In 2009, she appeared in [[Suresh Krissna]]'s ''[[Arumugam (film)|Arumugam]]'' and [[Rama Narayanan]]'s ''[[Kutti Pisasu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-arumugam/20090928.htm |title=Review: Arumugam is ridiculous fare |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021195327/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-arumugam/20090928.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
She continued her stay under the [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] banner to act in ''[[Thangam (TV series)|Thangam]]'', ''[[Vamsam (TV series)|Vamsam]]'' and ''[[Rajakumari (TV series)|Rajakumari]]''. Later, she acted in supporting roles in Telugu as ''[[Ranga The Donga]]'' (2010), ''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (2012 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]'' (2012) and in Kannada as ''[[Sweety Nanna Jodi]]'' (2013) and ''[[Maanikya]]'' (2014).<br />
<br />
===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu giving away special award to film artiste, Ms. Ramyakrishna, at the 30th Ugadi Celebrations & Puraskar Presentation - 2018, organised by Delhi Telugu Academy, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Vice-President [[Venkaiah Naidu]] gives a special award to Ramya Krishnan, at the 30th Ugadi Celebrations & Puraskar Presentation - 2018, organised by Delhi Telugu Academy, in New Delhi]]<br />
In 2015, Ramya acted in [[S.S. Rajamouli]]'s film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' and its sequel ''[[Baahubali: The Conclusion]]'', where she played Rajamata Sivagami Devi. Her performance met with the critical acclaim and the films became the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing Indian films]]. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo praised Ramya's performance and stated "Ramya Krishnan once again aces with her part".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/baahubali-review-a-befitting-conclusion/article18268254.ece |title=Baahubali 2: a befitting conclusion |author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091735/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/baahubali-review-a-befitting-conclusion/article18268254.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu]] for both films. In 2019, she played a porn actress in ''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]'' directed by [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]]. Srivatsan S from [[The Hindu]] stated her role as "boldest role yet".<ref>{{cite news |last1=S |first1=Srivatsan |title='Super Deluxe' review: an unusual film with an assortment of quirky characters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/super-deluxe-review-believe-the-hype/article26671414.ece |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=29 March 2019 |language=en-IN |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190329050738/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/super-deluxe-review-believe-the-hype/article26671414.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/south/ramya-krishnan-celebrates-her-50th-birthday-with-family-43578-1.html |title=Ramya Krishnan celebrates her 50th birthday with family |date=14 September 2020 |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021143541/https://www.filmfare.com/south/ramya-krishnan-celebrates-her-50th-birthday-with-family-43578-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
She made her debut in the digital platform with ''[[Queen (web series)|Queen]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Queen teaser out: Ramya Krishnan presents an interesting tale on J Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/queen-teaser-out-ramya-krishnan-presents-an-interesting-tale-on-j-jayalalithaa-1625528-2019-12-05 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=India Today |date=5 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028114553/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/queen-teaser-out-ramya-krishnan-presents-an-interesting-tale-on-j-jayalalithaa-1625528-2019-12-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> The critic from ''[[India Today]]'' stated, "Ramya Krishnan as the failing actress and a budding politician (the later part of Shakthi's life) puts in a measured performance and it is what stands out in a series that relies heavily on performances".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/queen-review-ramya-krishnan-is-a-majestic-political-leader-in-new-web-series-1628671-2019-12-16 |title=Queen Review: Ramya Krishnan is a majestic political leader in new web series |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=18 December 2019 |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028115429/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/queen-review-ramya-krishnan-is-a-majestic-political-leader-in-new-web-series-1628671-2019-12-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, Ramya appeared in [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Puri Jagannadh]]'s sports action film ''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ramya Krishnan to play an important role in Vijay Deverakonda starrer Liger |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ramya-krishnan-to-play-an-important-role-in-vijay-deverakonda-ananya-panday-starrer-liger/articleshow/81125931.cms |access-date=23 February 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=20 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220110145/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ramya-krishnan-to-play-an-important-role-in-vijay-deverakonda-ananya-panday-starrer-liger/articleshow/81125931.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The 2023 Tamil film ''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]'' featured Ramya in the lead role as [[Rajinikanth]]'s wife.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramya Krishnan says Nelson Dilipkumar's sense of humour is unbelievable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ramya-krishnan-says-nelson-dilipkumars-sense-of-humour-is-unbelievable/articleshow/102531779.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 August 2023 |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 2025, she played an important role in the [[Hindi|Hindi language]] film ''[[Jaat (film)|Jaat]]'', which stars [[Sunny Deol]] and was directed by [[Gopichand Malineni]] and produced by [[Mythri Movie Makers]] and [[Zee Studios]].<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2025 |title=Sunny Deol film collect over 4 crore in domestic pre-sales |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/jaat-advance-booking-sunny-deol-film-collects-over-rs-4-crore-in-domestic-pre-sales-before-release-enn25040905482 |access-date=11 April 2025 |work=ETV Bharat}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
She married [[Telugu film]] director [[Krishna Vamsi]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/photostory/34322092.cms |title=Heroines who fell for their directors |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=5 August 2021 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106213011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/photostory/34322092.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> on 12 June 2003. The couple have a son.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/heroines-who-fell-for-their-directors/photostory/34322090.cms |title=Heroines who fell for their directors |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=22 July 2015 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025195556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photostory_next.cms?msid=34322080&curpg=2&v=26012543&ajxcal=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Main|Ramya Krishnan filmography}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Film<br />
! Result<br />
|Ref<br />
|-<br />
|| 1998<br />
|[[Nandi Awards]]<br />
|[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]<br />
| ''[[Kante Koothurne Kanu]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |access-date=21 August 2020 |language=Telugu |archive-date=23 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1999<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Special Prize]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Padayappa]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/padayappa-to-baahubali-2-revisiting-ramya-krishnan-s-best-performances-on-throwback-thursday-2000571-2022-09-15 | title=Padayappa to Baahubali 2, revisiting Ramya Krishnan's best performances. On Throwback Thursday | date=15 September 2022 | access-date=5 December 2022 | archive-date=5 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205215456/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/padayappa-to-baahubali-2-revisiting-ramya-krishnan-s-best-performances-on-throwback-thursday-2000571-2022-09-15 | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm |title=Star-spangled show on cards |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715231701/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm |archive-date=15 July 2006}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2009<br />
|[[57th Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]<br />
| ''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/konchem-ishtam-konchem-kashtam|title=Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam (2009)|publisher=MovieBuff|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205215459/https://www.moviebuff.com/konchem-ishtam-konchem-kashtam|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nandi awards 2009 announced - Telugu cinema news |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2009.html |website=Idle Brain |date=7 October 2010 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024125706/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2009.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] <br />
|''[[Raju Maharaju]]'' <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/konchem-ishtam-konchem-kashtam/movieawards/61318392.cms |title=Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam Awards: List of Awards won by Telugu movie Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/konchem-ishtam-konchem-kashtam/movieawards/61318392.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2015<br />
| [[Nandi Awards]] <br />
| [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] <br />
| rowspan="5" |''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nandi-awards-2014-2016-list-of-winners-1775436 |title=Nandi Awards 2014-2016: List Of Winners |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200713/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nandi-awards-2014-2016-list-of-winners-1775436 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[63rd Filmfare Awards South|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]] <br />
| Best Supporting Actress<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13996.html |title=Winners of the 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South) |access-date=3 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702102328/http://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13996.html |archive-date=2 July 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[1st IIFA Utsavam]]<br />
| Best Supporting Actress – Telugu<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/iifa-utsavam-2016-telugu-winners-list/ |title=IIFA Utsavam 2016 Telugu Winners List &#124; RITZ |date=27 January 2016 |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132941/https://www.ritzmagazine.in/iifa-utsavam-2016-telugu-winners-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Supporting Actress – Tamil<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-utsavam-rajamoulis-baahubali-won-six-awards-1269719 |title=IIFA Utsavam: Rajamouli's Baahubali Won Six Awards |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030132939/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-utsavam-rajamoulis-baahubali-won-six-awards-1269719 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[63rd Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/baahubali-the-beginning/movieawards/61283459.cms | title=Baahubali - the Beginning Awards: List of Awards won by Telugu movie Baahubali - the Beginning | website=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=5 December 2022 | archive-date=5 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205215455/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/baahubali-the-beginning/movieawards/61283459.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2017<br />
|[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
| Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam<br />
| ''[[Aadupuliyattam]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=SIIMA awards 2017 nominations announced |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703235835/http://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html |archive-date=3 July 2017 |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[65th Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Baahubali: The Conclusion]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28887.html |title=Winners of the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |access-date=8 September 2021 |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025193312/https://m.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28887.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Behindwoods Gold Medal<br />
| Best Supporting Actress<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/winners-list-of-behindwoods-gold-medal-awards-2018.html |title=Winners list of Behindwoods Gold Medal Awards 2018 |date=17 June 2018 |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626191634/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/winners-list-of-behindwoods-gold-medal-awards-2018.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
|[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress - Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=South Indian International Movie Awards |url=https://siima.in/nominations/ |website=SIIMA |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518041004/http://siima.in/nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2019<br />
| Zee Cine Awards Tamil<br />
| rowspan="3" | Best Supporting Actor – Female <br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-dhanush-aishwarya-rajesh-nayanthara-win-big/story-jfb9njHIz7MpDT4AniQb4J.html |title=Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020: Dhanush, Aishwarya Rajesh, Nayanthara win big |date=5 January 2020 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194806/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-dhanush-aishwarya-rajesh-nayanthara-win-big/story-jfb9njHIz7MpDT4AniQb4J.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/vikatan-awards-2019-taapsee-pannu-wins-best-actor-game-shares-surreal-moment-dhanush-vetrimaaran-1502844173.html |title=Vikatan Awards 2019: Taapsee Pannu wins 'Best Actor' for Game Over, shares surreal moment with Dhanush and Vetrimaaran |date=12 January 2020 |publisher=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209053304/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/vikatan-awards-2019-taapsee-pannu-wins-best-actor-game-shares-surreal-moment-dhanush-vetrimaaran-1502844173.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
| ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://siima.in/ |title=South Indian International Movie Awards &#124;&#124; SIIMA |publisher=Siima.in |date=1 July 2016 |accessdate=19 July 2022 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811200443/https://siima.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
| [[69th Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]<br />
| ''[[Ranga Maarthaanda]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/filmfare-awards-south-2024-full-winners-list-nanis-dasara-siddharths-chithha-win-big-101722757273293.html |title=Filmfare Awards South 2024 full winners list: Nani's Dasara, Siddharth's Chithha win big |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=4 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=0471447}}<br />
* {{Twitter|meramyakrishnan}}<br />
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}{{Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu}}{{FilmfareTamilBestActress}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, Ramya}}<br />
[[Category:1970 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian game show hosts]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]<br />
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]<br />
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haricharan_Saikia&diff=502145Haricharan Saikia2026-02-11T21:27:26Z<p>Harryson3545: New New Details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Sattriya dancer and Padma Shri awardee}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Haricharan Saikia<br />
| birth_date = c. 1929/1930<br />
| birth_place = Assam, India<br />
| occupation = Sattriya dance exponent<br />
| known_for = Promotion and preservation of Sattriya dance<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2026)<br>[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2011)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haricharan Saikia''' is an Indian Sattriya dance exponent from [[Assam]]. He was conferred the [[Padma Shri]] in 2026, India’s fourth-highest civilian award, in recognition of his lifelong contribution to the preservation, practice and promotion of [[Sattriya]], a classical dance form of Assam.<ref name="AT1">{{cite news |title=Future of Sattriya in safe hands: Padma Shri awardee Haricharan Saikia |work=The Assam Tribune |url=https://assamtribune.com/future-of-sattriya-in-safe-hands-padma-shri-awardee-haricharan-saikia}}</ref><ref name="AT2">{{cite news |title=Padma Awards 2026: Five from Assam, strong Northeast presence on honours list |work=The Assam Tribune |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/padma-awards-2026-five-from-assam-strong-northeast-presence-on-honours-list-1605513}}</ref><ref name="IToday">{{cite news |title=Assam theatre pioneer Nuruddin Ahmed, nine others from Northeast get Padma Shri |work=India Today NE |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nuruddin-ahmed-of-assam-nine-others-from-other-northeast-states-named-padma-shri-awardees-2858220-2026-01-27}}</ref><ref>[https://www.etvbharat.com/as/state/padma-shri-award-to-satriya-legend-haricharan-saikia-for-his-life-long-contribution-to-its-promotion-and-expansion-assam-news-ass26012604433 ৯৬ বছৰ বয়সতো সত্ৰীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰ-প্ৰচাৰত ব্যস্ত পদ্মশ্ৰী হৰিচৰণ শইকীয়া]</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and training==<br />
Saikia was raised at the Old Kamalabari Satra in [[Majuli]], where he began learning Sattriya dance under the guidance of renowned guru Maniram Dutta Borbayan during his childhood.<ref name="AT1" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Saikia devoted his life to the practice, promotion, and teaching of Sattriya dance.<ref name="AT1" /> He has performed widely at cultural programmes in Assam and other parts of India. During his career, he also performed before India’s first prime minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], at a cultural event in New Delhi.<ref name="AT1" /> In 2011, he was honoured with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for his artistic mastery and sustained service to Indian classical dance.<ref name="AT1" /><br />
<br />
Despite his advanced age, Saikia continued to teach Sattriya at his own institution and remained actively engaged in mentoring younger practitioners.<ref name="AT1" /> His recognition with the Padma Shri highlights his lifelong contribution to preserving Assam’s cultural heritage.<ref name="AT2" /><ref>[https://theprint.in/india/contribution-of-all-padma-awardess-from-assam-inspiring-himanta/2836355/ Contribution of all Padma awardess from Assam inspiring: Himanta]</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2011)<ref name="AT1" /><br />
* [[Padma Shri]] (2026)<ref name="AT2" /><ref name="IToday" /><ref>[https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/padma-awards-2026-announced-full-list-of-padma-vibhushan-padma-bhushan-and-padma-shri-winners/articleshow/127477081.cms Padma Awards 2026 announced: Dharmendra, Rohit Sharma, Uday Kotak among recipients; here’s the full list]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:People from Lakhimpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]<br />
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:1920s births]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandit_Karuppan&diff=458234Pandit Karuppan2026-02-09T06:03:33Z<p>Harryson3545: further improved formatting for accuracy and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian poet and dramatist}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{more citations needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
{{essay-like|date=May 2020}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Pandit K.P. Karuppan<br />
| image = Pandit Karuppan.jpeg<br />
| alt = Black-and-white portrait of a man in a business suit wearing a white turbin.<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|05|24}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cheranalloor]], [[Kochi]], India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|03|23|1885|05|24}}<br />
| death_place =<br />
| other_names =<br />
| known_for =<br />
| occupation = Poet, dramatist, [[Reform movement|social reformer]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Reformation in Kerala}}<br />
'''Pandit Karuppan''' was a poet, dramatist, and [[reform movement|social reformer]] who lived in [[Kerala]], India.He was called the "[[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]" of Kerala for steering socio-economically and educationally backward communities to the forefront.<ref>{{cite web|first=|authorlink=|author2=|title=Important Personalities|publisher=keralawindow.net|date=|url=http://www.keralawindow.net/imp_p.htm|doi=|accessdate=10 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602002630/http://www.keralawindow.net/imp_p.htm|archive-date=2 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan emerged from Ernakulam of [[Cochin]] State. Hailing from Dheevara community of inland fishermen who engaged in localised fishing in backwaters and rivers, as a relentless crusader against [[untouchability]] and [[social evil]]s .Karuppan became a [[Sanskrit]] scholar, poet and dramatist of repute. As the first [[human rights activist]] of the Cochin State, he used his literary skill and organizational ability to combat [[illiteracy]], [[social injustice]], [[casteism]], and [[superstitions]]. He campaigned for the empowerment of Dheevara Community.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<br />
K.P. Karuppan (Kandathiparambil Paapu Karuppan) was born on 24 May 1885, at [[Cheranelloor]], near [[Ernakulam]] into a [[lower middle class]] family of [[Dheevara (caste)|Dheevara]] fishermen community to Paapu (locally known as Atho Poojari) and Kochu Pennu. the family was known for its skills in toxicology and for treating snakebite victims.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sadasivan|first=S N|title=A Social History of India|year=2000|publisher=A P H Publishing Corporation|location=New Delhi|page=551|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&q=pandit+karuppan&pg=PA532|isbn=9788176481700}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Malayalam]] meaning of Karuppan is "person of black colour", but Karuppan had a very fair complexion. The name Karuppan was given to him by a [[Tamil people|Tamil]] Gosai who was a family friend. He predicted that the boy would become a great scholar and suggested the name ''Karpan'' (meaning a learned person in Tamil), which later turned into ''Karuppan''.<br />
<br />
Karuppan's [[Education|formal education]] began at the age of five under Azheekkal Velu Vaidyan, a relative. Subsequently, Vadakke Valath Appu Asan, a local guru, taught him ''[[Amarakosham]]'', ''Sidhdharoopam'' and ''Sreeramodantham'', the basics of Sanskrit. A prolific reader, Karuppan also read the ''[[Itihasas]]'' and ''[[Puranas]]''. His first poem was ''Sthothramandaaram''. The prodigy took his [[gurus]] by surprise when he wrote ''Lankamardanam'' at the age of 12 with [[slokas]] styled in ''Shardoolavikreeditham''.<br />
<br />
Karuppan studied Sanskrit [[Kavya]]s under Mangalappillil Krishnan Asan of [[Cherai]] and returned to Cheranelloor to study with Annamanada Rama Pothuval. There, as was the prevailing custom, upper-caste Hindu students did not allow him to sit along with them and hence he sat alone in a corner. He studied the Kavyas ''Makham'' and ''Nyshadham'' and ''Bhoja Chambu'' from Rama Pothuval. The most significant period of his education was at Kodungalloor. The [[Kodungalloor Royal family|Kodungallur Kovilakam]] was a place of learning, due to the resident luminaries.<br />
<br />
==Adult life==<br />
<br />
Karuppan's famous work ''Jathikummi'', which criticised the prevailing caste system, was written in 1904 during the period of his study at [[Kodungalloor Palace|Kodungallur Kovilakam]] and it became popular among the poor. ''Jaathikkummi'' is a pioneering attempt in [[Malayalam literature]] questioning the caste system and [[untouchability]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Intro Dalit Poetry in Malayalam|url=http://roundtableindia.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3193%3Aintro-dalit-poetry-in-malayalam&tmpl=component&type=raw|accessdate=27 February 2013}}</ref> While [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]], [[Kumaran Asan]] and [[Ayyankali]] worked for social changes in the [[Travancore State]], the presentation of ''Jaathikkummi'' was the first step initiated in that direction in [[Cochin State]] by Karuppan, who was then a 19-year-old student. Kumaran Asan's ''Duravastha'' was published 10 years later. Though most of Karuppan's writings were in scholarly Sanskrit, ''Jaathikkummi'' employs simple, everyday Malayalam that illiterate people from the local communities were able to understand and propagate.<br />
<br />
===Teaching career===<br />
<br />
Karuppan's talents in Sanskrit came to the notice of Rajarshi Ramavarma Raja, the [[Maharaja of Cochin]], who visited Kodungalloor to worship at the famous Thiruvanchikkulam Siva Temple. Bhattan Thampuran introduced Karuppan to the King. The Maharaja was impressed and invited Karuppan to his [[Hill Palace, Tripunithura|palace in Tripunithura]]. The meeting was a turning point for Karuppan. The Maharaja arranged for Karuppan's advanced study of Sanskrit under 'Sahridayathilkan' Rama Pisharody, the principal guru of the [[Cochin royal family|royal family]]. Karuppan studied 'Sidhantha Koumudi', 'Manorama' and 'Sahithee Darpanam' from Rama Pisharody. Soon Karuppan was appointed Sanskrit teacher at the St. Theresa's Convent Girls' High School in Ernakulam.<ref name="keralasahityaakademi">{{cite web|title=Pandit K.P. Karuppan|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Profiles/KPKaruppan/Html/KPKarupanpage.htm|publisher=Kerala Sahitya Akademi|accessdate=27 February 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Pandit Karuppan was appointed Sanskrit Teacher in the Caste Girls' High School at Ernakulam in 1912— a special institution exclusively for upper caste girls— there was vehement protest from upper-caste Hindus against his posting, and they were reluctant to send their girls to study under a low caste man. The Maharaja of Cochin over-ruled them and warned that girls unwilling to study under Karuppan would be sent out from the school, ending the protests. After leaving the staff of Caste Girls' High School, he joined the Victoria Girls' High School, [[Thrissur]] in 1918. Subsequently, he was posted at the Teacher Training School there. In 1921, he was again appointed to the Girls' High School, Ernakulam, which had by then dropped "Caste" from its name.<br />
<br />
===Legislative Council===<br />
<br />
During his second tenure at Girls' High School, in August 1925, he was nominated as a member of the [[Cochin Legislative Council]] to represent the hitherto disenfranchised classes, in recognition of his tireless crusade for their emancipation through writings and campaigns. As MLC, Karuppan presented their problems and grievances before the authorities arguing for better education, health and living conditions for them. He pressed the Government to establish a separate department for this purpose leading to the establishment of the department for the Protection of the Depressed Classes with the then Director of Public Instruction, Rao Sahib C. Mathai as ex-officio Protector and Karuppan as full-time Assistant Protector.<br />
<br />
As Assistant Protector, Karuppan was instrumental in initiating several reforms for the progress of the depressed classes by starting schools and establishing colonies. He persuaded the Government to provide scholarships, fee concessions and a number of other incentives for the education of children from the depressed classes. He wrote ''Aacharabhooshanam'' to generate awareness among the depressed classes against superstitions, the book being printed and distributed free of cost to the public by the Government. The Depressed Classes Department was later renamed the Harijan Welfare Department.<br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan was instrumental in starting fishery schools under the re-organised Fisheries Department. The establishment of [[fish curing]] yards helped promote fisheries as an industry and improve living conditions among the fishing community. While serving as a director in the Cochin Central Co-operative Bank he urged fishermen and agricultural labourers to form co-operatives for progress through self-reliance.<br />
<br />
When his three-year term on the Legislative Council expired, Karuppan was nominated for a second term but he requested that the [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] give the post to some other member of the depressed classes. The Government appointed P.C. Chanchen, a Pulaya leader, as MLC and Karuppan tendered his resignation to make way for Chanchen.<br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan was then appointed as Secretary to the Elementary Education Committee and the Bhashaparishkarana Committee. In 1931, he assumed the newly created post of Superintendent of Vernacular Education of Cochin State. In 1932, he was appointed lecturer of Sanskrit at the [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam|Maharaja's College]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nair|first=R. Raman|title=Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography|year=2010|publisher=Centre for South Indian Studies|location=Trivandrum|page=388|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-JRfipEdV0C&q=pandit+karuppan&pg=PA388|isbn=9788190592826}}</ref> During this time, Karuppan also served as chairman of the board of Examiners of the [[Madras University]] and as Member of the Municipal Council, [[Ernakulam]].<br />
<br />
===Dramatic works===<br />
<br />
''Baalakalesam'' is one of Pandit Karuppan's significant works and it was written as part of the ''shashtipoorthi'' celebrations of the Maharaja of Cochin in 1919 when Rao Sahib Nanperumal Chetty of Tamil Nadu organised a drama competition in the king's honour.<ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet">{{cite web|title=Pandit Karuppan's Balakalesham and Udyanavirunnu|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/244/12/12_chapter6.pdf|accessdate=27 February 2013}}</ref> Karuppan wrote the play under compulsion from guru Rama Pisharody in 10 days but, nervous and embarrassed to treat his beloved Maharaja as a character for the stage, Karuppan gave symbolic names to the characters in the drama. His creation was judged best and won the prize. It was named ''Baalaakalesam'' alluding to the State of Cochin as Queen Baala and the Maharaja as Kalesan her lord. The drama, dedicated to the Maharaja of Cochin, discussed the condition of the State before Kalesan became the King, and the progress the State achieved during his 16-year rule. The author did not forget to criticise the evils and atrocities suffered by people in the name of caste. ''Baalaakalesam'' was first staged in Maharaja's College, Ernakulam and Karuppan's friend Kottilil Narayana Marar, who was an upper caste Hindu, provided financial assistance to print the book.<br />
<br />
The drama also carried suggestions for future reforms, like the formation of village panchayats, the constitution of a legislative council and the construction of a harbour at Cochin. After reading the drama's script, [[Sree Moolam Thirunal]], the [[Maharaja of Travancore]], presented a nine-jewelled gold ring (''Navarathna Mothiram'') to Karuppan. While submitting the copy of ''Baalaakalesam'', Karuppan requested the Maharaja of Travancore to help students hailing from his community through education by providing them concessions in fees. The Maharaja promptly sanctioned a half-fee concession to all students of Dheevara community in Travancore State in appreciation of Karuppan's struggle for the betterment of backward communities.<br />
<br />
The poem ''Udyanavirunnu'' was penned by Karuppan to reflect his angst at being not invited to a garden party that the Maharaja hosted for a visiting Governor of Madras in which all other MLCs except him was invited. Karuppan was left out on account of his low caste. The poem deals with the wounded self-respect of the excluded and when it was brought to the Maharaja's notice by T K Krishna Menon, the Maharaja decreed that all MLCs irrespective of caste or religion would be invited to official parties in the future.<ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet" /><br />
<br />
The Maharaja of Cochin honoured Karuppan with the title ''Kavithilakan'' or ''Great Poet''. Impressed by Karuppan, [[Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran]] of Travancore, known as ''Kerala Kalidasan'' for his translation of ''Shakunthalam'' into Malayalam, conferred the title of ''Vidwan'' upon him in 1913.<ref name="keralasahityaakademi" /><br />
<br />
===Social reforms===<br />
<br />
'''Karuppan''' decided to quit his teaching job to spend more time and energy spearheading social reforms. With this purpose, he organised the people of his own community into regional groups called sabhās. The main agenda of the sabhās was to persuade people to fight ignorance and superstitions. He put strong pressure on his fellow countrymen to become better educated and accept a healthier lifestyle. He organised the first Sabhā, ''Kalyanadayini Sabhā'', at [[Anapuzha]], [[Kodungalloor]]. Another Sabhā was ''Sudharma Sooryodaya Sabhā'' ([[Thevara]]), ''Prabodha Chandrodayam Sabhā'' ([[North Paravur]]), ''Araya Vamsodharani Sabhā'' ([[Engandiyoor]]), and ''Sanmarga Pradeepa Sabhā'' ([[Kumbalam, Ernakulam|Kumbalam]]) are other sabhās that Pandit Karuppan patronised. All these sabhas aimed to achieve the upliftment of the subaltern ''dalit'' castes.<ref>{{cite web|title=MUNROEVIAN IMPACT OVER THE NATIVE REFORMATION MOVEMENTS|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/220/10/10_chapter4.pdf|accessdate=27 February 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
He gave equal emphasis to the [[emancipation]] of other communities too as seen through the formation of the Cochin Pulaya Maha Sabhā for the uplift of the [[Pulaya]] community in 1913.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kshirsagar|first=R K|title=Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857–1956|year=1994|publisher=M D Publications|location=New Delhi|page=102|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wx218EFVU8MC&q=pandit+karuppan&pg=PA102|isbn=9788185880433}}</ref> Treated as untouchables by the upper caste Hindus, they were not allowed to assemble in any common place for meetings. To keep such meetings away from the eyes of the landlords, Karuppan asked the Pulayas to come in rowboats to the expanse of the [[Vembanad lake|Ernakulam backwaters]] and tie their boats together. There, he addressed them on a wooden-planked platform and charted out strategies for their emancipation by forming a Sabhā. This is known as 'Kayal Sammelanam'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/pandit-karuppan/585273|title = വരേണ്യ പ്രമാണിത്തത്തെ വെല്ലുവിളിച്ച കായല് സമ്മേളനം}}</ref> Subsequently, Karuppan persuaded other communities like [[Velas (community)|Velas]], [[Sambavas]], [[Ulladas]] and [[Kudumbis]] to form similar Sabhās to give momentum to their fight against [[social evils]] and discrimination.<br />
<br />
The caste system in Cochin State barred the Pulayas were prohibited from entering the streets of Ernakulam or walking on important [[public roads]]. Karuppan waited for a favourable opportunity to tackle the issue. The Government organised an exhibition of agricultural products in which the Diwan, W.H. Bhore, was the guest of honour. Karuppan, during his speech, brought to the attention of the Diwan that the Pulayas, who had laboured hard to cultivate the agricultural products showcased in the exhibition, were not allowed to ''see'' the exhibition. Touched by the words of Karuppan, the Diwan ordered the organizers to allow the Pulayas to enter the grounds. Karuppan then took them to the exhibition site in a procession, having already asked them to arrive and wait in their country boats on the Vembanad lake. From that day, the Pulayas could enter Ernakulam Town and Karuppan had secured the right to walk on public roads for the Pulayas and other depressed classes.<br />
<br />
===Personal life===<br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan had a special appreciation for Christianity whose missionaries had helped in Kerala's education by starting a number of educational institutions that admitted students without discrimination of religion or caste. When His Grace [[Alexis Henry Leppeesier]] (the representative of the Pope from the Vatican) visited Cochin in 1925, Karuppan wrote a welcome poem. Karuppan had also written poems highlighting the greatness of the [[Buddha]] and [[Prophet Mohammed]]. Aggrieved by the death of [[Chattampi Swamikal|Sree Chattambi Swamikal]], Karuppan wrote a condolence poem titled ''Samadhi Sapthakam''.<br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan's wife Kunhamma hailed from [[Panambukad]] and the couple lived in ''Sahithyakudeeram'', a house near the [[St. Teresa's College|St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam]], with their only daughter Parvathy.<br />
<br />
Pandit Karuppan died of [[pleurisy]] on 23 March 1938 at the age of 53.<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
Pandit Karuppan had many published works as a poet and dramatist including:<br />
''Achara Bhooshanam'', ''Arayaprasasthi'', ''Baalakalesam'', ''Baalodyanam'', ''Bhaasha Bhaimeeparinayam'', ''Bhanjithavimanam'', ''Chanjenkutty'', ''Chithralekha'', ''Dheevara Tharuniyude Vilapam'', ''Dhruvacharitham'', ''Edward Vijayam'', ''Jaathikkummi'', ''Kairaleekouthukam'', ''Kattile Jyeshtan'', ''Lalithopaharam'', ''Lankamardanam'', ''Mahasamadhi'', ''Mangalamala'', ''Panchavadi'', ''Sakunthalam Vanchippattu'', ''Sangeetha Naishadham'', ''Soudamini'', ''Sree Budhan'', ''Sree Ramavarma'', ''Sugathasooktham'', ''Thirunalkkummi'', ''Udyanavirunnu'', ''Ulukopakhyanam'', and ''Vallorkkavitha''.<br />
<br />
His ''Sakunthala'', ''Baalodyanam'' and ''Kairaleekouthukam'' were [[Textbook|text books]] for school classes in [[Cochin]] State. ''Bhaasha Bhaimeeparinayam'' was [[Malayalam]] text book for the F.A.Examination of the [[Madras University]].<br />
<br />
==Library==<br />
The Pandit Karuppan Smaraka Grameena Vayanasala is a library founded in 1953 in Karuppan's native village of Cheranelloor. His nephew, A. K. Velappan, was instrumental in setting up the library as a memorial to his uncle.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pazhanilath|first=Johny|authorlink=|title=More than just a village library|date=11 March 2004|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/11/stories/2004031101410200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430184156/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/11/stories/2004031101410200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2004|doi=|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 July 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
The admirers of Pandit Karuppan have formed an organisation to promote the memory of this great Sanskrit scholar, poet and social reformer.<br />
<br />
== See also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==<br />
<br />
* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]<br />
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]<br />
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]<br />
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]<br />
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]<br />
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]<br />
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]<br />
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]<br />
* [[Ayyankali]]<br />
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karuppan, Pandit}}<br />
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Ernakulam district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]<br />
[[Category:1885 births]]<br />
[[Category:1938 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahjahanpur_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=534293Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency2026-02-09T01:45:33Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
| name = Shahjahanpur <Br>{{Small|UP-27}}<br />
|established = 1962<br />
|reservation =SC<br />
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br />
|mp =[[Arun Kumar Sagar]] <br />
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Shahjahanpur.map}}<br />
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency<br />
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br />
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|assembly_cons =[[Katra Assembly constituency|Katra]]<br>[[Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jalalabad]]<br>[[Tilhar Assembly constituency|Tilhar]]<br>[[Powayan Assembly constituency|Powayan]]<br>[[Shahjahanpur Assembly constituency|Shahjahanpur]]<br>[[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Presently, Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/027_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-27-Shahjahanpur|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website}}</ref><br />
{{static row numbers}}{{Table alignment}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text col1center hover-highlight"<br />
! class="unsortable"|Assembly seat no.<br />
! class="unsortable"|Assembly seat name<br />
! District<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|131<br />
|[[Katra Assembly constituency|Katra]]<br />
|rowspan="6"| [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|132<br />
|[[Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jalalabad]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|133<br />
|[[Tilhar Assembly constituency|Tilhar]]<br />
|-<br />
|134<br />
|[[Powayan Assembly constituency|Powayan]] (SC)<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|135<br />
|[[Shahjahanpur Assembly constituency|Shahjahanpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|136<br />
|[[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Parliament ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Prem Krishna Khanna]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]<br />
|[[Jitendra Prasad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]<br />
|Surendra Vikram<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Jitendra Prasad]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Satyapal Singh Yadav]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|[[Rammurti Singh Verma]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]<br />
|[[Satyapal Singh Yadav]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]<br />
|[[Jitendra Prasad]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]<br />
|[[Jitin Prasada]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]<br />
|[[Mithlesh Kumar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]<br />
|[[Krishna Raj]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Arun Kumar Sagar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian general election, 2024|2024]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2024===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Shahjahanpur]]<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 Election Results: Shahjahanpur">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha 2024 Election Results: Shahjahanpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2427.htm |access-date=19 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219183321/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2427.htm |archive-date=19 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Shahjahanpur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Shahjahanpur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur |access-date=1 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701092149/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur |archive-date=1 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party =Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate =[[Arun Kumar Sagar]] <br />
|votes =5,92,718<br />
|percentage = 47.50 <br />
|change ={{down}}10.59<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party =Samajwadi Party <br />
|candidate = Jyotsna Gond<br />
|votes =5,37,339<br />
|percentage = 43.06 <br />
|change ={{up}}43.06<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Dod Ram Verma<br />
|votes =91,710 <br />
|percentage = 7.35 <br />
|change ={{down}}28.11<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|votes =8,490 <br />
|percentage = 0.68<br />
|change ={{down}}0.08<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes =55,379<br />
|percentage =4.44<br />
|change ={{down}}18.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes =12,47,902<br />
|percentage =53.52<br />
|change ={{down}}2.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = BJP<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2019===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Shahjahanpur]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Arun Kumar Sagar]]|votes=6,88,990|percentage=58.09|change=+11.64}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Amar Chandra Jauhar|votes=4,20,572|percentage=35.46|change=+9.84}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Brahm Swaroop Sagar|votes=35,283|percentage=2.97|change=+0.58}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Manish Chandra Kori|votes=9,464|percentage=0.8|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=9,037|percentage=0.76|change=-0.12}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=2,68,418|percentage=22.63|change=+1.8}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,87,133|percentage=56.15|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===2014===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: [[Shahjahanpur]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Krishna Raj]]|votes=5,25,132|percentage=46.45|change=+25.20}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Umed Singh Kashyap|votes=2,89,603|percentage=25.62|change=+2.09}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Mithlesh Kumar]]|votes=2,42,913|percentage=21.49|change=-10.94}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Chetram|votes=27,011|percentage=2.39|change=-11.32}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Peace Party of India|candidate=Sunita Sujata Nagpal|votes=12,945|percentage=1.14|change=-2.10}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=9,964|percentage=0.88|change=+0.88}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=2,35,529|percentage=20.83|change=+11.93}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,30,569|percentage=57.12|change=+8.44}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Samajwadi Party<br />
|swing = +14.02<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2009===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: [[Shahjahanpur]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mithlesh Kumar]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=2,57,033|percentage=32.43|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sunita Singh|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,86,454|percentage=23.53|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Krishna Raj]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,68,434|percentage=21.25|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Umed Singh Kashyap|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,08,682|percentage=13.71|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Daulatram|party=Peace Party of India|votes=25,680|percentage=3.24|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Jauhari Lal|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=11,016|percentage=1.39|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=70,579|percentage=8.90|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=7,92,508|percentage=48.68|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Samajwadi Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Shahjahanpur district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{Bareilly division topics}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|27.88|79.92|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Shahjahanpur district]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timur_Ruby&diff=541371Timur Ruby2026-02-06T00:27:11Z<p>Harryson3545: Post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Historical Precious Gemstone (Ruby)}}<br />
[[File:Detail of the Timur ruby from a painting of Maharaja Sher Singh, by August Schoefft, ca.1841–42.jpg|thumb|Detail of the Timur Ruby from a painting of [[Sher Singh|Maharaja Sher Singh]] of the [[Sikh Empire]], by [[August Schoefft]], {{circa}} 1841–42]]<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
The '''Timur Ruby''' (also ''Khiraj-i-alam'', "Tribute to the World") is an [[unfaceted]], {{convert|352.54|carat|g|adj=on|0}} polished red [[spinel]] set in a necklace.<ref name="O’Donoghue">{{Cite book|last=O’Donoghue|first=Michael|url=http://worldcat.org/title/62088437|title=Gems: Their sources, descriptions and identification|date=2006|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|edition=6|pages=173|isbn=9780750658560|oclc=62088437}}</ref> It is named after the ruler [[Timur]],<ref name="Morgan">Morgan, Diane (2008). ''Fire and Blood: Rubies in Myth, Magic, and History.'' Greenwood Publishing Group, {{ISBN|9780275993047}}</ref> founder of the [[Timurid Empire]] and purportedly one of its former owners. It was believed to be a [[ruby]] until 1851.<br />
<br />
It is inscribed with the titles of five of its previous owners: [[Jahangir]] (who also had the name of his father [[Akbar the Great]] inscribed), [[Shah Jahan]], [[Farrukhsiyar]], [[Nader Shah]] and [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].<ref name="Ball">Ball V. (1894). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20490467 A Description of Two Large Spinel Rubies, with Persian Characters Engraved upon Them.] ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]'' Vol. 3, (1893–1896), pp. 380–400</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Nahar Singh, Kirapāla Siṅgha|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/581527382|title=History of Koh-i-Noor, Darya-i-Noor, and Taimur's ruby|date=1985|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|pages=119|oclc=581527382}}</ref><br />
<br />
Since 1612, the owners of the Timur Ruby have also owned the [[Koh-i-Noor]] diamond. It has been in the possessions of the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] and [[British Empire|British]] empires, and is currently part of the [[Royal Collection]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
=== Origins ===<br />
Spinels are found in various parts of the world, including the [[Transoxiana]] region that was home to the Mughal ancestors.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bycroft, Michael Dupré, Sven|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1113685767|title=Gems in the early modern world materials, knowledge and global trade, 1450-1800|date=2019|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-3-319-96378-5|pages=276|oclc=1113685767}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Timur Ruby is historically associated with Timur, who was believed to have taken the gem during the invasion of Delhi in 1398.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Miller, Judith|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/961802088|title=Jewel : a celebration of Earth's treasures|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Ltd|year=2016|isbn=978-0-241-22603-2|pages=79|oclc=961802088}}</ref> In 1996, however, research indicated that it was never owned by Timur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brown, Kerry|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/817916204|title=Sikh Art and Literature.|date=2012|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=978-0-203-06137-4|pages=86|oclc=817916204}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Possession of the Mughal emperors ===<br />
During the seventeenth century, the gem was in the ownership of [[Abbas the Great|Shah Abbas I]], the Safavid Emperor of Persia. In 1612, he gave it to the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]].<ref name=":1" /> Jahangir had it engraved with his own name and that of his father ([[Akbar|Akbar the Great]]).<br />
<br />
The stone passed to subsequent Mughal Emperors, including [[Shah Jahan]] (who had it set in the [[Peacock Throne]]) and [[Peacock Throne|Aurangzeb]].<ref name=":0" /> Shah Jahan and [[Farrukhsiyar]] also inscribed their names on the stone.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
=== Removal from India ===<br />
In 1739, Persian ruler [[Nader Shah]] seized the gem during his occupation of Delhi. Nader took the Peacock Throne as part of his treasure, but removed the Timur Ruby and the Koh-i-Noor diamond to wear on an armband.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boissoneault|first=Lorraine|date=30 August 2017|title=The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamond—And Why the British Won't Give It Back|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-koh-i-noor-diamondand-why-british-wont-give-it-back-180964660/|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> He called the Timur ruby the "Ayn al-Hur" ("Eye of the Houri), and added to its inscription.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalrymple|first=William|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1083188224|title=Koh-i-Noor : the history of the world's most infamous diamond|date=February 2019 |publisher=ISIS Large Print Books |isbn=978-1-78541-491-6|oclc=1083188224}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated. The Timur Ruby was taken by his commander [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], who became King of Afghanistan.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
=== Return to the Punjab ===<br />
In 1810, it returned to India when Ahmad Shah's grandson [[Shah Shujah Durrani|Shah Shujah]] was forced into exile in the Punjab. In 1813, Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] took possession of the gem. It subsequently passed into the ownership of Maharaja [[Sher Singh]] (1841) and Maharaja [[Duleep Singh]].<br />
<br />
=== Removal to London ===<br />
When the [[East India Company]] invaded [[Punjab]] in 1849, they took possession of the Timur Ruby and the [[Koh-i-Noor]] diamond from [[Duleep Singh]].<br />
<br />
In 1851, the Timur Ruby was displayed at the [[Great Exhibition]] in London.<ref name=":0" /> That year, it was also reclassified as a spinel rather than a ruby. After the Great Exhibition closed the Court of Directors of the East India Company presented the gem to [[Queen Victoria]] as a gift after which it became her private possession.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
The gem was set in a necklace by [[Garrard & Co|Garrards]] in 1853.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Hegewald, Julia A. B.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1058410398|title=Re-use-The Art and Politics of Integration and Anxiety : the Art and Politics of Integration and Anxiety.|date=2012|publisher=SAGE India|isbn=978-81-321-0981-5|oclc=1058410398}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, it was modified so that it could hold the Koh-i-Noor as an occasional alternative.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
After the necklace was lengthened in 1911, it was rarely worn.<br />
<br />
The spinel is now part of the [[Royal Collection]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of individual gemstones]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/object.asp?object=100017&row=0&detail=about The 'Timur Ruby' necklace] at the [[Royal Collection]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Timur ruby}}<br />
[[Category:Individual necklaces]]<br />
[[Category:British East India Company]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Jewels of the Mughal Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Individual spinels]]<br />
[[Category:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Indian artefacts held abroad]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sengottai&diff=461015Sengottai2026-02-04T21:27:37Z<p>Harryson3545: refined section for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{pp|small=yes}}<br />
<br />
{{For|the film|Sengottai (film)}}{{refimprove|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Shenkottai<br />
| other_name = Shencottah<br />
| settlement_type = Town<br />
| image_skyline = 13_kannara_bridge_near_shencottah.jpeg<br />
| image_caption = [[Pathimoonnu Kannara Bridge|13 arch bridge]] in Kerala near Sengottai<br />
| nickname = Red Fort<br />
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|8.973333|77.246389|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions of Tamil Nadu|Revenue Division]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tenkasi division|Tenkasi]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[Taluk]]<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Shenkottai taluk|Sengottai]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]<br />
| parts = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = Red fort<br />
| government_type = Second Grade Municipality<br />
| governing_body = Shencottah Municipality<br />
| leader_title1 = Municipal Chairman<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 2.68<br />
| area_rank = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 181<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_total = 26,823<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| demographics_type2 = <br />
| demographics1_title2 = Other Regional languages<br />
| demographics1_info2 = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| demographics3 type3 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 627809<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 04633<br />
| registration_plate = TN-76<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] 1035<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/sengottai/|www.municipality.tn.go.in/sengottai}}<br />
| official_name = Shenkottai<br />
}}<br />
'''Sengottai''' (also known as '''Shencottah''', '''Chenkotta''' or '''Shenkottai''') is a [[Town]] in the [[Tenkasi district]], of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/sengottai/abcity_city.htm | title = Sengottai Municipality | publisher = Municipality | access-date = 2012-05-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Sengottai was originally part of the [[Travancore Kingdom]]. In December 1851, the boundary between [[Tirunelveli]] and Travancore on the Sengottai side was clearly defined as proposed by [[William Cullen (Resident)|General Cullen]] as early as 1846, and finally sanctioned by the [[Madras Presidency|Madras Government]]. Sengottai Municipality was constituted in 1921. In 1949, Sengottai was part of the newly formed state of [[Travancore-Cochin]]. The [[States Reorganisation Act]], 1956 came into effect from 1 November 1956, and consequently, the Tamil-speaking area of Sengottai taluk of [[Kollam district|Quilon district]] were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to [[Tirunelveli district]] of [[Madras State]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2011/11/01/56th-anniversary-merger-senkottai-kumari-today-aid0175.html | title = History | publisher = oneindia | access-date = 2012-05-09 }}</ref> Sengottai was reclassified from a Grade III municipality to a Grade II municipality as per [[Orders of the Government of Tamil Nadu|G.O. No.85]] dated 22 May 1998.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/sengottai/sal_generalinformation.htm | title = Sengottai | access-date = 2012-05-08 | url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140406163306/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/sengottai/sal_generalinformation.htm | archive-date=2014-04-06 | publisher = Department Of Municipal Administration And Water Supply}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|76.98}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|21.19}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.77}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.06}}}}<br />
<br />
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Sengottai had a population of 26,823 with a sex-ratio of 1,035 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 2,642 were under the age of six, constituting 1,327 males and 1,315 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 10.06% and 1.21% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.09%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 7146 households. There were a total of 10,736 workers, comprising 114 cultivators, 674 main agricultural labourers, 1,923 in household industries, 7,435 other workers, 590 marginal workers, 14 marginal cultivators, 60 marginal agricultural labourers, 105 marginal workers in household industries and 411 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Shenkottai|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=701413|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per the religious census of 2011, Shenkottai had 76.98% [[Hindus]], 21.19% [[Muslims]], 1.77% [[Christians]] and 0.06% following other religions.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:SMSS-Boys HSS.jpg|thumb|right|SMSS-Boys Higher Secondary School]] --><br />
<br />
== Geography and climate ==<br />
[[Image:Monsoon view of the Sengottai Gap in the Western Ghats.jpg|thumb|Monsoon view of the Sengottai Gap in the Western Ghats]]<br />
{| style="float:right; margin:0 0 0 0;"<br />
<br />
|<br />
{{Geographic Location<br />
|title = '''Neighbouring cities & towns'''<br />
|Northwest = [[Achankovil]] <br />
|North = [[Vadakarai]]<br />
|Northeast = [[Ilathur]]<br />
|West = [[Kollam district]]<br />
|Centre = Sengottai<br />
|East = [[Tenkasi]]<br />
|Southwest = [[Vallam]]<br />
|South = [[Courtallam]]<br />
|Southeast = [[Ambasamudram]]<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Sengottai is located at {{Coord|8.59|N|77.14|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Sengottai.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sengottai, India|website=Fallingrain.com|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 181&nbsp;metres (594&nbsp;ft). The town is surrounded by the Western Ghats in three sides and lies on the [[Tirunelveli]] to [[Kollam]] and [[Madurai]] to [[Kollam]] highways. The Harihara and Gundar rivers flows through the city. Sengottai Gap is a major mountain pass connecting Kerala and Tamil Nadu in addition to [[Palakkad Gap]]. <br />
{{Weather box/concise_C<br />
| location = Sengottai, Tamil Nadu<br />
| source = Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate-Data.org"><br />
"CLIMATE: SHENCOTTAI, Tamil Nadu",<br />
Climate-Data.org. Web: [http://en.climate-data.org/location/34134/].</ref><br />
| 29.7|31.1|32.7|33.0|33.1|31.5|30.6|30.9|31.3|30.5|29.2|29.1<!--highs--><br />
| 21.6|22.2|23.6|24.8|25.3|24.5|24.0|24.0|23.9|23.5|22.8|21.8<!--lows--><br />
| 43|37|68|106|92|150|134|66|73|226|219|98<!--rain--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
* [[Nigar Shaji]] - [[ISRO]] Scientist and Project director of [[Aditya-L1]]<br />
* [[Vanchinathan]]- Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Sengottai/|Sengottai Municipality website}}<br />
{{Tenkasi district}}<br />
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tenkasi district]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kishore_Pradhan&diff=510098Kishore Pradhan2026-01-09T20:19:55Z<p>Harryson3545: New New Article - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Marathi film and theatre actor (1936–2019)}}{{Infobox person<br />
| image = File:Kishore Pradhan.jpg<br />
| caption = Pradhan in 2013<br />
| death_date = 11 Jan 2019<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br />
'''Kishore Pradhan''' (1936–2019) was an Indian [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]] and theatre actor. He was known for Hindi films like ''[[Jab We Met]]'', ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai|Lage Raho Munnabhai]]'', ''[[McMafia]]'' and ''[[Jack Irish]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jab-we-met-actor-kishore-pradhan-dies-at-86-5535231/|title=Jab We Met actor Kishore Pradhan dies at 86|author=Komal RJ Panchal|date=12 January 2019|website=The Indian Express|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/veteran-actor-kishore-pradhan-passes-away-at-86/articleshow/67502257.cms|title=Veteran actor Kishore Pradhan passes away at 86|date=12 January 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=12 January 2019}}<br>- {{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kishore-pradhan-jab-we-met-actor-dies-at-86/story-Gbivc9eUWtUoJgdDVS6zMP.html|title=Kishore Pradhan, Jab We Met actor, dies at 86|date=12 January 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Pradhan was born into a [[Hindus|Hindu]] family in [[Nagpur]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://meetkalakar.com/Artist/1971-Kishore-Pradhan|title=Kishore Pradhan|publisher=Meetkalakar|access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref> He started acting while at school. He graduated from [[Morris College, Nagpur|Morris College]] in Nagpur where he used to act in college festivals and later started the theatre group Natraj. ''Subh Lagna Savdhaan'' was his last Marathi film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/kishore-pradhan-of-movie-jab-we-met-passed-away-early-morning|title=एक्टर किशोर प्रधान का निधन, 86 साल की उम्र में ली अंतिम सांस|website=Amar Ujala|access-date=18 March 2021|language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 January 2019, Pradhan died at the age of 86.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/mumbai-news/veteran-marathi-actor-kishore-pradhan-passed-away/articleshow/67496108.cms|title=ज्येष्ठ अभिनेते किशोर प्रधान यांचं निधन|date=12 January 2019|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=12 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212013153/https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/mumbai-news/veteran-marathi-actor-kishore-pradhan-passed-away/articleshow/67496108.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Film<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|''[[Shejari Shejari]]'' <br />
|Nadkarni<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Rowspan = "2"|2007<br />
|''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]''<br />
|V Goplakrishnan, Bank Manager<br />
|Marathi film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jab We Met]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/jab-we-met-actor-kishore-pradhan-passes-away-at-the-age-of-86-details-inside/346289|title=Jab We Met actor Kishore Pradhan passes away at the age of 86|website=Times Now|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref><br />
|Station master<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|''[[City of Gold (2010 film)|City of Gold]]''<br />
|Khaitaan Seth<br />
|''Lalbaug Parel'' in Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017<br />
|''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]] ''<br />
|Mohen Jo Daro<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Brave Heart'' (''Jidd Jagnyachi'') <br />
|Kharkhanis Aajoba<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa]]''<br />
|Aditya 's Grandfather<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''Shubh Lagna Savdhan''<ref name=":0" /><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width="60%"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Network<br />
! class="unsortable" |Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2018<br />
|''[[Jack Irish]]''<br />
|Shapura Youth Club<br />
|[[ABC1 (UK and Irish TV channel)|ABC1]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[McMafia]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.listal.com/tv/mcmafia/cast|title=Cast and credits of McMafia|website=Listal|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref><br />
|Radnan Ali<br />
|[[BBC One]], [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1997<br />
|''[[Zabaan Sambhalke|Zabaan Sambhal Ke]]'' <br />
|Murda<br />
|[[DD Metro]]<br />
|-<br />
|1998–2001<br />
|''[[Hum Sab Ek Hain]]''<br />
| Khachroo’s Family Doctor<br />
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2002-2003<br />
|''[[Shubh Mangal Savadhan]]''<br />
|Vinay's father<br />
|Sahara Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''<br />
|Yaswant Lohar<br />
|Sony Entertainment Television<br />
|Episode 65: "Raaz Chauthe Chor Ka"<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pradhan, Kishore}}<br />
[[Category:1936 births]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Sikkim_floods&diff=4818611968 Sikkim floods2026-01-08T11:55:05Z<p>Harryson3545: Added a details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Natural disaster in India}}<br />
{{Infobox flood<br />
| name = 1968 Sikkim floods<br />
| duration = 2–5 October 1968<br />
| total damages =<br />
| total fatalities = ~1000<br />
| areas affected = '''[[Sikkim]] and [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]] districts'''<br />
| cause =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
From 2 to 5 October 1968, there were four days of continuous rainfall in the region of [[Sikkim]] and [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]. At its peak, during a 52-hours period, there was 1,000mm of rainfall. The rain caused hundreds of landslides. Houses and bridges were destroyed, including the known Anderson Bridge at the [[Teesta Bazaar]].<ref name=TT /> Road transport to Sikkim was disrupted because many parts of the highway to Sikkim were washed away.<ref name=NYT>{{Cite news |date=3 November 1968|title= FLOODED SIKKIM A WAITS NEW ROAD; India Rushes Work on Route to Isolated Protectorate |work=[[New York Times]] |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1968/11/03/archives/flooded-sikkim-a-waits-new-road-india-rushes-work-on-route-to.html |access-date=9 October 2023 }}</ref> A total of around 1000 people were killed. The floods are regarded as one of the worst disasters of the region.<ref name=TT>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2023 |title= Devastation déjà vu dating back to 1968, autumnal cloudburst triggers hill horror |work=[[The Telegraph (India) |The Telegraph]] |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/darjeeling-sikkim-devastation-deja-vu-dating-back-to-1968-autumnal-cloudburst-triggers-hill-horror/cid/1971124 |access-date=9 October 2023 }}</ref><ref name=NOS>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2023 |title= Meer lichamen gevonden na overstromingen en dijkdoorbraak India, 74 doden |work=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] |url= https://nos.nl/artikel/2493456-meer-lichamen-gevonden-na-overstromingen-en-dijkdoorbraak-india-74-doden |access-date=9 October 2023|language=nl}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://savethehills.blogspot.com/2008/06/lest-we-forget-oct-1968-in-pictures.html?m=1 Images]<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Weather}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikkim floods, 1968}}<br />
[[Category:1968 disasters in India]]<br />
[[Category:1960s floods]]<br />
[[Category:1960s in Sikkim|Floods]]<br />
[[Category:1960s in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:1968 disasters in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:1968 natural disasters]]<br />
[[Category:October 1968 in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Disasters in Sikkim|1968 floods]]<br />
[[Category:Disasters in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Floods in India]]<br />
[[Category:Darjeeling district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-hist-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thoppil_Anto&diff=541138Thoppil Anto2026-01-08T00:02:06Z<p>Harryson3545: Details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian theatre artist and singer (1940–2021)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Thoppil Anto<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Thoppil anto.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| birth_name = Antony (T.K.Anto)<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1940|6|6|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Edappally, Kochi|Edappally]], [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|12|4|1940|6|6|df=yes}}<br />
| instrument = Vocal & Harmonium<br />
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]<br />
| occupation = Singer, Music Composer<br />
| years_active = 1956–2021<br />
| label = Audiotracs<br />
| website = <br />
| death_place = Edappally, Kochi, Kerala, India<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thoppil Anto''' (6 June 1940 – 4 December 2021) was an Indian theater, and [[playback singer]], stage performer and music composer. He was prominent during the 1970s in [[Malayalam]] movies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2014/07/17/Thoppil-Anto-Brings-Solace-to-the-Ailing/article2333989.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815041356/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2014/07/17/Thoppil-Anto-Brings-Solace-to-the-Ailing/article2333989.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 August 2014|title = Thoppil Anto Brings Solace to the Ailing}}</ref> He sang in ''Father Damien'' in (1963)music by M. S. Baburaj, ''Anubhavangale Nandi'' in (1976)music by G. Devarajan, ''Sneham Oru Pravaham'' in (1979)music by KJ. Joy, ''Veenapoovu'' in (1982)music by Vidhyadharan and "HoneyB2" in (2017)music by Deepak Dev. He served as a light music artist with the [[All-India Radio]] [[Thrissur]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vibrant-theatre-songs-of-thoppil-anto-enliven-patients-114071600932_1.html|title = Vibrant theatre songs of Thoppil Anto enliven patients|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 16 July 2014|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Anto was born as the second child among three children to Thoppil Kunjappu (Chavittu natakam artist) and Eliyamma at [[Edapally]], Kochi. He had his primary education at St. George High School, Edappally.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=ലേഖകൻ|first=മാധയമം|date=2021-12-04|title=ഗായകൻ തോപപിൽ ആേനറാ അനതരിചച|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/music/thoppil-anto-died-885176|access-date=2021-12-05|work=[[Madhyamam]]|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=ലേഖകൻ|first=മാധയമം|date=2021-12-05|title=തോപപില ആേൻറാ : മനസസ കളിർപപിചച പാടടകാരൻ|language=ml|work=[[Madhyamam]]|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/obituaries/memoir/thoppil-anto-a-mind-blowing-singer-885735|access-date=2021-12-05}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Anto worked as a playback singer with [[N. N. Pillai]]'s Nadaka Theater, Vishwa Keralakalasammithi, [[Kottayam]], People's Theater, Kayamkulam and Cochin Samgamithra. He has sung for more than 1000 dramas. He started a music troupe called ''Cochin Bandor Orchestra'' and performed on many stages in India and abroad.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Anto married Treesa Pynadath with whom he had four children: Mettilda, Anty George (Prem Sagar, music composer), Glancin Thoppil Antony (Gemologist) and Marydas (M'das thoppil anto, singer and music composer).<br />
Grand sons: Sam George, Abhishek M. Thoppil, Pishon T. Glancin. Grand daughters: Sandra Sebastian, Vinaya T. Glancin, Ameesha Thoppil, Shreya George, AangelMaria<ref name=":0" /> He has a granddaughter, Rachel J. Amirtharaj who is a costume designer.<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Composer===<br />
* ''Maayaamayooram'' - Kalaapam 1998 <br />
* ''Neethimaan'' - Kalaapam 1998 <br />
* ''Kaakka penne'' - Kalaapam 1998 <br />
* ''Neelakkadambin'' - Kalaapam 1998<br />
* ''Sneha Prakasam''- Christian Devotional<br />
* ''Viyasakra''- Devotional, (Kurisinte Vashi)<br />
* ''Onapookalam''- Festival Songs, Production : Century Cassettes<br />
* ''Oana pookal''- Festival Songs Production : Century Cassettes<br />
* ''Mappila Pattukal'' - Under the banner, Cochin Harishree (Harindran)<br />
* ''Papa Song''- In connection with the Pope John Paul II visit in Kerala, 1986<br />
* ''Irumudi''- Hindu Devotional, (Sabarimala Songs)<br />
* ''Changampuzha Kavithakal'' - Musical version of Poet Shri. [[Changampuzha Krishnapillai]]'s poems, Sung by [[:P. Jayachandran]], [[K. G. Markose]], Janaki Devi etc.<br />
* ''Raaja Hamsam'' - Folk Songs, Singers: Minmini, Balagopalan Thambi & Thoppil Anto<br />
* ''Divya Darsanam'' - Devotional, Lyrics: Dr.Cheriyan Kunianthodath, C.M.I.<br />
* ''Kripa Sooryan'' - Christian Devotional, Lyrics by Dr. Cheriyan Kunianthodath, Sung by M'das (Marydas), 2015<br />
<br />
===As a singer===<br />
* ''Aadithyananayum'' - Ragging 1973, Music by [[M. K. Arjunan]] <br />
* ''Maanodum mala'' - Anubhavangale Nandi 1979, Music by [[G. Devarajan]]<br />
* ''Maalaveppaan Vanniha'' - Veenapoovu 1983, Music by [[Vidyadharan]] <br />
* ''Ding Dong (Puthan Thalamura)'' - Ellaavarkkum Nanmakal (Puthan Thalamura) 1987<br />
* ''Nummade Kochi '': Honey Bee 2 2017 Music by [[Deepak Dev]]<br />
<br />
==Recognition==<br />
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] for light music (1982)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/light-music/467 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Light Music |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref><br />
* Pravasi Pranava Dhwani Puraskar (2010)<br />
* Changampuzha Samskarika Kendram award<br />
*Catholic Congress Award in 2016<br />
*Greenix Award<br />
*KCBC MEDIA AWARD in 2011<br />
*Chakola Open Rosy Memorial Award in 2014<br />
*ഗുരു വന്ദന പുരസ്കാരം by Television chamber Music Union in 2015<br />
*Jaycey Foundation Award in 2006<br />
*Life Time Achievement Award by തൃക്കാക്കര ഗ്രാമ പഞ്ചായത്ത് ഫൈൻ ആർട്സ് സൊസൈറ്റി 2007<br />
*Asia Music Institute Award, Dubai<br />
*Life Time Achievement Award by ശിവഗിരി ശാരദ കലാ സമിതി 2016<br />
*Life Achievement Award by Sangam Kala Group in 2013<br />
*<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|8898516}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anto, Thoppil}}<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]<br />
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:1940 births]]<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sananda_TV&diff=460960Sananda TV2025-12-04T20:15:40Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Defunct Indian TV channel}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television channel<br />
| name = Sananda TV<br />
| logo = Sananda_TV_Logo.jpg<br />
| logo_size = 200px<br />
| logo_alt =<br />
| logo_caption = ''Sananda TV's'' logo<br />
| image = <br />
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=y|2011|7|25}}<br />
| closed_date = {{End date and age|df=y|2012|11|7}}<br />
| picture_format = 4:3 [[1080p]] SDTV<br />
| network = [[Cable television|cable]] television network<br />
| owner = [[ABP Group]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
| area = <br />
| headquarters = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India<br />
| former_names = <br />
| replaced = <br />
| replaced_by = <br />
| sister_channels = <br />
| timeshift_service = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20120111074651/http://sanandatv.com:80/|sanandatv.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sananda TV''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সানন্দা টিভি) was a 24-hour Bengali General Entertainment Channel owned by [[ABP Group]]. It was launched on 25 July 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/07/09235110/ABP-to-start-Bengali-entertain.html|title=ABP to start Bengali entertainment channel, takes cue from Star Jalsha}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/media/story.html?sid=31096|title=ABP Group to launch Bengali GEC Sananda on July 25 > afaqs! News & features|access-date=17 March 2012|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171209/http://www.afaqs.com/media/story.html?sid=31096|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/07/24211325/Sananda-TV-to-tap-Bengali-mark.html?atype=tp|title=Sananda-TV-to-tap-Bengali-mark}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2011/07/sananda-bengali-tv-channel-anandabazar.html|title=Sananda Bengali TV Channel – Anandabazar Patrika – Sabinay Nibedan & Prolay Asche}}</ref> However, it was shut down on 7 November 2012.<ref name = i>{{cite news|last=Television|first=Indian|title=Sananda TV shuts down|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k12/oct/oct229.php|accessdate=8 November 2012|date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Programs broadcast by Sananda TV==<br />
:'''''Note:''' Some programs might have not been included.''<br />
<br />
*''Jeet''<br />
*''Alpo Alpo Premer Galpo''<br />
*''Amar Naam Joyeeta''<br />
*''Ami Sei Mey''<br />
*''Bengali Movie'' (This program showed several [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]]s)<br />
*''Bindi'' (A soap opera on two girls' life who are poles apart from each other)<br />
*''Bhola Maheshwar'' (A mythological and spiritual drama on Lord [[Shiva]]'s life)<br />
*''Josh''<br />
*''[[Mrs Sinha Roy]]'' (Aired on the 2030 HRS (IST) slot. The show was aborted inadvertently)<br />
*''Nader Nemai'' (A mythological and spiritual drama on [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] or Nemai)<br />
*''Nayika'' (second successful show after Bindi ended abruptly for financial reasons)<br />
*''[[Proloy Asche]]'' (A 50-episode daily serial directed and produced by noted Bengali film director [[Raj Chakraborty]] aired on Mon-Fri at 2200 HRS (IST) slot)<br />
*''Rannabati'' (Cookery show)<br />
*''Sobinoy Nibedon'' (A drama based on the situation after a Marwari girl marries a Bengali boy)<br />
*''Ta Bole Ki Prem Debo Na''<br />
*''[[Jabab Kinte Chai]]''<br />
<br />
==Closure==<br />
Sananda TV shut down 15 months after its launch on 7 November 2012.<ref name = i/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[ABP Group]]<br />
*[[Sananda (magazine)|Sananda]]<br />
*[[ABP Ananda]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{ABP Group}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sananda TV}}<br />
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012]]<br />
[[Category:ABP Group]]<br />
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]<br />
[[Category:Television stations in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Star_Bharat&diff=459023List of programs broadcast by Star Bharat2025-11-24T14:37:07Z<p>Harryson3545: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
<br />
==Former broadcasts==<br />
===Comedy series===<br />
*''[[Akbar Ka Bal Birbal]]'' (2020)<br />
*''[[Excuse Me Maadam]]'' (2020)<br />
*''[[Gangs of Filmistaan]]'' (2020)<br />
*''[[Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki (2018)|Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki]]'' (2018)<br />
*''[[Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal?]]'' (2017–2019)<br />
*''[[May I Come In Madam? (season 2)]]'' (2023–2024)<br />
*''[[Meri Saas Bhoot Hai]]'' (2023)<br />
*''[[Papa By Chance]]'' (2018)<br />
<br />
===Drama series===<br />
*''10:29 Ki Akhri Dastak''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Get Set For Supernatural Thriller 1029 Ki Aakhri Dastak |url=https://tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/get-set-for-supernatural-thriller-1029-ki-aakhri-dastak-628918 |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=Tribune India}}</ref> (2024–2025)<br />
*''[[Ajooni]]'' (2022–2023)<br />
*''[[Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby]]'' (2021)<br />
*''[[Ayushman Bhava (TV series)|Ayushman Bhava]]''<ref name=Bharat>{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/tv/star-india-launches-new-channel-star-bharat_70178.html|title=Star India launches new channel, STAR BHARAT|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915163450/https://www.exchange4media.com/tv/star-india-launches-new-channel-star-bharat_70178.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2017)<br />
*''[[Bohot Pyaar Karte Hai]]'' (2022)<br />
*''Baghin''<ref>{{cite web|title=नागिन के बाद टीवी पर आएगी बाघिन, इस एक्ट्रेस को नए प्रोमो में देख लोग बोले- नागिन तो नहीं लेकिन...|url=https://ndtv.in/television/baghin-official-teaser-releasing-on-8th-february-on-atrangii-app-and-star-bharat-starring-aneri-vajani-4897457|work=NDTV|accessdate=25 January 2024|archive-date=22 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122015925/https://ndtv.in/television/baghin-official-teaser-releasing-on-8th-february-on-atrangii-app-and-star-bharat-starring-aneri-vajani-4897457|url-status=live}}</ref> (2024)<br />
*''[[Chandrashekhar (TV series)|Chandrashekhar]]'' (2018)<br />
*''[[Channa Mereya (TV series)|Channa Mereya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Channa Mereya, a show set in Punjab, will soon air on Star Bharat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/food-of-love-398907 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113090934/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/food-of-love-398907 |url-status=live }}</ref> (2022)<br />
*''[[Durga Mata Ki Chhaya]]'' (2020–2021)<br />
*''[[Dheere Dheere Se (TV series)|Dheere Dheere Se]]'' (2022–2023)<br />
*''[[Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-ravan-to-wrap-up-on-sept-28/articleshow/71064488.cms|title='Ek Thi Rani, Ek Tha Ravan' to wrap up on Sept 28 - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 September 2019|access-date=29 October 2021|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126034618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-ravan-to-wrap-up-on-sept-28/articleshow/71064488.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> (2019)<br />
*''[[Gud Se Meetha Ishq]]'' (2022)<br />
*''[[Gupta Brothers]]'' (2020–2021)<br />
*''[[Jiji Maa]]'' (2017–2019)<br />
*''[[Kaal Bhairav Rahasya]]'' (2017–2019)<br />
*''[[Kartik Purnima (TV Show)|Kartik Purnima]]'' (2020)<br />
*''[[Lakshmi Ghar Aayi]]'' (2021)<br />
*''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2]]'' (2021) <br />
*''[[Mayavi Maling]]'' (2018)<br />
*''[[Meri Gudiya]]'' (2019–2020)<br />
*''[[Muskaan (TV series)|Muskaan]]'' (2018–2020)<br />
*''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]'' (2022–2023)<br />
*''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]'' (2017–2019)<br />
*''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]'' (2019–2020)<br />
*''Parshuram''<ref>{{cite web|title='बाघिन' और 'भगवान परशुराम' के साथ स्टार भारत करेगा दर्शकों का मनोरंजन |trans-title=Star Bharat will entertain the audience with 'Baghin' and 'Lord Parshuram'|url=https://mayapuri.com/television/two-new-shows-baghin-and-bhagwaan-parashuraam-double-the-excitement-for-viewers-on-star-bharat-3589212/amp|work=[[Mayapuri (magazine)|Mayapuri]]|accessdate=5 February 2024|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308005845/https://mayapuri.com/television/two-new-shows-baghin-and-bhagwaan-parashuraam-double-the-excitement-for-viewers-on-star-bharat-3589212/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> (2024)<br />
*''[[Pyaar Ke Papad]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Saam Daam Dand Bhed]]'' (2017–2018)<br />
*''[[Sasural Genda Phool 2]]'' (2021–2022)<br />
*''[[Savdhaan India]]'' (2017–2024)<br />
*''[[Saubhagyavati Bhava: * Niyam Aur Shartein Laagu]]'' (2023–2024)<br />
*''[[Shaitani Rasmein]]'' (2024–2025)<br />
*''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]'' (2021–2022)<br />
*''[[Teri Laadli Main]]'' (2021) <br />
*''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'' (2022–2023)<br />
<br />
===Mythological series===<br />
*''[[Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi - Kahani Mata Rani Ki]]'' (2019–2020)<br />
*''[[Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki (2021 TV series)|Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki]]'' (2021–2022)<br />
*''[[RadhaKrishn]]'' (2018–2023)<br />
<br />
===Reality series===<br />
*''[[Om Shanti Om (TV series)|Om Shanti Om]]''<ref name=Bharat/> (2017)<br />
*''[[Swayamvar - Mika Di Vohti]]'' (2022)<br />
<br />
===Acquired series===<br />
*''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]''<ref>{{Citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jag-janani-maa-vaishnodevi-to-go-off-air-on-october-3/articleshow/78348030.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927142249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jag-janani-maa-vaishnodevi-to-go-off-air-on-october-3/articleshow/78348030.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2020|title=Star Bharat's Jag Janani Maa Vaishnodevi to go off air|date=27 September 2020|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/star-bharat-experiments-with-early-morning-slot-180721|title=Star Bharat experiments with early morning slot|date=21 July 2018|website=Indian Television|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518040610/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/star-bharat-experiments-with-early-morning-slot-180721|url-status=live}}</ref> (2018–2021)<br />
*''[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar - Mahamanvachi Gauravgatha|Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/star-bharat-to-premiere-show-on-dr-babasaheb-ambedkars-life-103963.html|title=Star Bharat to premiere show on Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar's life - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=13 June 2021|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927122518/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/star-bharat-to-premiere-show-on-dr-babasaheb-ambedkars-life-103963.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2020)<br />
*''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]''<ref name="auto"/> (2020)<br />
*''[[Krishna (TV series)|Krishna]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahabharat now on Star Bharat after DD Bharati and Colors TV: Date, time, all you need to know|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/mahabharat-now-on-star-bharat-after-dd-bharati-and-colors-tv-date-time-all-you-need-to-know-1679163-2020-05-18|website=[[India Today]]|date=15 May 2020|access-date=19 August 2020|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731071830/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/mahabharat-now-on-star-bharat-after-dd-bharati-and-colors-tv-date-time-all-you-need-to-know-1679163-2020-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> (2020)<br />
*''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/star-bharat-to-telecast-br-chopras-mahabharat-104709.html|title=Star Bharat to telecast BR Chopra's Mahabharat - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=13 June 2021|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731200648/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/star-bharat-to-telecast-br-chopras-mahabharat-104709.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2020)<br />
*''[[Ramayan]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahabharat now on Star Bharat after DD Bharati and Colors TV: Date, time, all you need to know|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/mahabharat-now-on-star-bharat-after-dd-bharati-and-colors-tv-date-time-all-you-need-to-know-1679163-2020-05-18|website=[[India Today]]|date=15 May 2020|access-date=19 August 2020|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731071830/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/mahabharat-now-on-star-bharat-after-dd-bharati-and-colors-tv-date-time-all-you-need-to-know-1679163-2020-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> (2020–2021)<br />
*''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-and-khichdi-return-to-tv-to-air-from-april-6/story-LwsKeE2WDlA5nzEsm44wUK.html|title=Sarabhai Vs Sarabhai and Khichdi return to TV, to air from April 6|date=4 April 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=13 June 2021|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731071828/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-and-khichdi-return-to-tv-to-air-from-april-6/story-LwsKeE2WDlA5nzEsm44wUK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2020)<br />
*''[[Siya Ke Ram]]''<ref name="auto1"/> (2018)<br />
*''[[Kiranmala (TV series)|Kiranmala]]'' (2024)<br />
*''[[Maha Kumbh: Ek Rahasaya, Ek Kahani]]'' (2024)<br />
*''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]''<ref name="auto1"/> (2024)<br />
*''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'' (2024)<br />
*''[[Naagarjuna – Ek Yoddha]]'' (2024)<br />
*[[Karmadhikari Shanidev|''Karmadhikari Shanidev'']] (2024)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of Indian television series|Star Bharat]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of television series by network|Star Bharat]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=EKA_(supercomputer)&diff=498020EKA (supercomputer)2025-11-01T05:43:22Z<p>Harryson3545: added new data v1!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox custom computer<br />
| Name = EKA<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Dates = October 2007<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/article1674679.ece?ref=archive|title=Tatas’ supercomputer Eka adjudged world’s fourth fastest|date=14 November 2007|access-date=16 September 2011}}</ref><br />
| Location = [[Computational Research Laboratories]], [[Pune]], [[India]]<br />
| Operators = Computational Research Laboratories, [[Tata Sons]]<br />
| Architecture =<br />
| Memory = 28.7 [[TeraByte]]<ref name=top500EKA3>{{cite web|url=http://www.top500.org/system/details/9504|title=Top500: EKA (Details)|access-date=16 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320010358/http://www.top500.org/system/details/9504|archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref><br />
| Storage = 40 TeraByte<ref name="top500EKA3"/><br />
| Speed = 172.6 [[FLOPS|TeraFLOPS]]<ref name=top500EKA>{{cite web|url=http://www.top500.org/system/performance/9504|title=Top500: EKA(Performance)|access-date=16 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320010428/http://www.top500.org/system/performance/9504|archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref><br />
| Power =<br />
| Space =<br />
| Cost = US$30,000,000<br/>[[Indian rupee|INR]] 1,800,000,000 (assuming US$1 = 60 INR)<ref name=indiatimes>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-11-14/news/27686717_1_supercomputer-computational-research-laboratories-crl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812020132/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-11-14/news/27686717_1_supercomputer-computational-research-laboratories-crl|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 12, 2011|newspaper=The Economics Times| title=Tata's supercomputer Eka is fastest in Asia|date=14 November 2007|access-date=16 September 2007}}<br />
</ref><br />
| ChartDate = 14 November 2007<br />
| Purpose = Multipurpose<ref name=timeol>{{cite news | title=India breaks into supercomputing elite| url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/technology/article2863079.ece| newspaper=Times Online| quote=India has broken into the top tier of supercomputing after a new machine built by Tata|date=13 November 2007|access-date=16 September 2007}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
| Legacy =<br />
| Emulators =<br />
| Sources = <br />
| Website =<br />
}}<br />
'''EKA''' (abbreviation of Embedded Karmarkar Algorithm, also means the number ''One'' in [[Sanskrit]]<ref name="eka">{{cite news |title=eka - Sanskrit Meaning |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eka-}}</ref>), is a [[supercomputer]] built by the [[Computational Research Laboratories]], a company founded by Dr. Narendra Karmarkar, for scaling up a supercomputer architecture he designed at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] with a group of his students and project assistants over a period of 6 years.<br />
<br />
CRL became a subsidiary of [[Tata Sons]] after their investment into the company. The hardware platform required for initial software development was built with technical assistance from [[Hewlett-Packard]].<ref name="timeol"/><br />
<br />
== Design ==<br />
<br />
To enable design of new software, a previously proven hardware platform was needed. This was provided in the EKA system using 14,352<ref name="top500EKA3"/> cores based on the [[Intel Xeon#Quad-Core and Multi-Core Xeon|Intel QuadCore Xeon]] processors. The primary interconnect is [[Infiband]] 4x [[DDR SDRAM|DDR]]. EKA occupies about {{convert|4000|sqft|adj=mid}} area.<ref name="top500EKA5">{{cite news |date=14 November 2007 |title=Top500: EKA (Supercomputer) |url=https://top500.org/system/175324/}}</ref> It was built using off-the-shelf components from [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Mellanox Technologies|Mellanox]] and Voltaire Limited.<ref name="top500EKA3"/> It was built within a short period of 6 weeks.<ref name=bsstd1>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/supercomputer-another-feather-in-tatas%60-cap/304236/|title=Supercomputer another feather in Tatas` cap|date=14 November 2007|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Ranking history ==<br />
<br />
At the time of its unveiling, it was the fourth-fastest supercomputer in the world and the fastest in Asia.<ref name="top500EKA5"/><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[SAGA-220]], a 220-TeraFLOPS supercomputer built by [[ISRO]]<br />
* [[PARAM]] series of supercomputers by the [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]]<br />
* [[Supercomputing in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://top500.org/system/9020 Eka Top 500 Supercomputer list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316022018/http://www.top500.org/system/9020 |date=2008-03-16 }} <br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130102065339/http://www.crlindia.com/ Computational Research Laboratories]}}<br />
* [http://www.tcs.com/news_events/press_releases/Pages/TCS_enhance_High_Performance_Application_Cloud_acquires_CRL.aspx TCS acquires Computational Research Laboratories]<br />
<br />
[[Category:X86 supercomputers]]<br />
[[Category:Hewlett-Packard supercomputers]]<br />
[[Category:Information technology in India]]<br />
[[Category:Supercomputing in India]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viramgam_taluka&diff=544801Viramgam taluka2025-09-18T16:43:07Z<p>Harryson3545: Adding</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Viramgam Taluka(sub-district) in Ahmedabad district, Gujarat, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{about|Viramgam Taluka|Viramgam City|Viramgam}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Viramgam<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[List of talukas of Gujarat|Taluka]] of [[Gujarat]]<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Viramgam]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <!--India Gujarat--><br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ahmedabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Viramgam municipal corporation & Taluka Panchayat,Viramgam]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 800<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = +91-02715<br />
| registration_plate =GJ 1, 27<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Surendranagar]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Viramgam Municipal Corporation ,Viramgam Taluka Panchayat & Mamltadar Office,Viramgam]]<br />
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}} <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''[[Viramgam]]''' is a [[taluka]] of [[Ahmedabad District]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=My Taluka|url=http://ahmedabaddp.gujarat.gov.in/ahmedabad/english/my-village.htm|publisher=[[Government of Gujarat]]|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Ahmedabad district}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Gujarat}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]<br />
[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]<br />
<br />
{{Ahmedabad-geo-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._Ramdinthara&diff=527722R. Ramdinthara2025-08-23T08:54:35Z<p>Harryson3545: added data...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 2002)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Tharpuia<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| fullname = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|08|23|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Champhai]], [[Mizoram]], India<br />
| height = 1.68 m<br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)#Winger|Winger]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
| clubnumber = <br />
| youthyears1 = –2019<br />
| youthclubs1 = [[NorthEast United FC#Reserves and academy|NorthEast United U18]]<br />
| years1 = 2019<br />
| clubs1 = Electric Veng<br />
| caps1 = <br />
| goals1 = <br />
| years2 = 2019–2022<br />
| clubs2 = Champhai Kanan VC<br />
| caps2 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
| years3 = 2022–2024<br />
| clubs3 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]<br />
| caps3 = 42<br />
| goals3 = 7<br />
| years4 = 2024–2025<br />
| clubs4 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
| caps4 = 9<br />
| goals4 = 1<br />
| years5 = 2025–<br />
| clubs5 = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
| caps5 = <br />
| goals5 = <br />
| club-update = 22:53, 22 March 2025 (UTC)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''R. Ramdinthara''' (born 23 August 2002), commonly known by his nickname '''Tharpuia''', is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[I-League]] club [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]].<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
=== Champhai Kanan ===<br />
On 19 July 2022, Tharpuia scored the two winning goals for Champhai Kanan VC in the final of the 2022 All Mizoram Inter Village Tournament, against Sialhawk VC. He was awarded the 'Top Scorer' title, a trophy and a cash prize of ₹5,000 for scoring 13 goals in the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|title=Champhai Kanan VC team won the 2022 All Mizoram Inter- Village Football Tournament|url=https://thelanternpost.in/news/champhai-kanan-vc-team-won-the-2022-all-mizoram-inter-village-football-tournament|date=20 July 2022|access-date=17 November 2022|website=thelanternpost.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tharpuia – Top Scorer|url=https://www.facebook.com/mfamizoramfootballassociation/photos/3088405541471250/|date=20 July 2022|access-date=17 November 2022|website=facebook.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Aizawl ===<br />
Eight days later, Tharpuia was snapped up by [[I-League]] club [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Best player and Top scorer in the recently concluded All Mizoram Inter Village Football Tournament – Ramsanga and Tharpuia are now RED! Welcome Ramsanga & Tharpuia|url=https://twitter.com/AizawlFC/status/1552130641063723008|date=27 July 2022|access-date=11 November 2022|website=@AizawlFC}}</ref> On 15 November, he assisted on his debut in the [[I-League]] against [[TRAU FC|TRAU]], in a 1–1 stalemate.<ref>{{cite web|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|title=Aizawl, TRAU share spoils|url=https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/|date=15 November 2022|access-date=17 November 2022|website=i-league.org|publisher=Hero [[I-League]]|location=Aizawl, Mizoram|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115162525/https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/|archive-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aizawl 1–1 TRAU|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/11/15/india/i-league/aizawl-fc/trau/3981588/|date=15 November 2022|access-date=17 November 2022|website=soccerway}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career statistics ==<br />
=== Club ===<br />
{{updated|28 July 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|r-ramdinthara/882929}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|Cup<br />
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]<br />
|{{nowrap|[[2022–23 I-League|2022–23]]}}<br />
|[[I-League]]<br />
|22||4||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||22||4<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023–24 I-League|2023–24]]<br />
|I-League<br />
|20||3||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||20||3<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Total<br />
!42!!7!!0!!0!!0!!0!!42!!7<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
|[[2024–25 I-League|2024–25]]<br />
|I-League<br />
|9||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||9||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
|[[2025–26 I-League|2025–26]]<br />
|I-League<br />
|0||0||1{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||1||0<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" |Career total<br />
!51!!8!!1!!0!!0!!0!!52!!8<br />
|}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramdinthara, R}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2002 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]<br />
[[Category:Aizawl FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Diamond Harbour FC players]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_cricket_team_in_the_West_Indies_in_1988%E2%80%9389&diff=477380Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1988–892025-08-10T17:33:06Z<p>Harryson3545: created a page needs work - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|International cricket tour}}<br />
{{Infobox cricket series<br />
|series= Indian cricket team in West Indies in 1988–89<br />
|partof= <br />
|image= <br />
|caption= <br />
|date= 2 March – 3 May 1989<br />
|place= {{flagicon|WIN}} [[West Indies]]<br />
|result= West Indies won the 4-match Test series 3–0<br />West Indies won the 5-match ODI series 5–0 <br />
|team1={{cr|WIN}}<br />
|team2={{cr|IND}}<br />
|captain1=[[Viv Richards]]<br />
|captain2=[[Dilip Vengsarkar]]<br />
|runs1=[[Richie Richardson]] (619)<br />[[Desmond Haynes]] (280)<br />[[Gordon Greenidge]] (243)<br />
|runs2=[[Sanjay Manjrekar]] (200)<br />[[Navjot Sidhu]] (179)<br />[[Ravi Shastri]] (170)<br />
|wickets1=[[Malcolm Marshall]] (19)<br />[[Courtney Walsh]] (18)<br />[[Ian Bishop (cricketer, born 1967)|Ian Bishop]] (16)<br />
|wickets2=[[Kapil Dev]] (18)<br />[[Arshad Ayub]] (14)<br />[[Chetan Sharma]] (8)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The [[India national cricket team]] toured the [[West Indies]] during the 1988–89 cricket season. India played four [[Test cricket|Test]] matches and five [[One Day International]] matches between 2 March and 3 May 1989, against the West Indian cricket team, with the West Indies winning the Test series 3–0 and ODI series 5–0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-1988-89-62313/match-schedule-fixtures|title=India tour of West Indies - Cricket Schedules, Updates, Results |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The Indian squad for left for the West Indies on 26 February 1989. The side entered Caribbean on the back of a decent record barring the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1961–62|1961–62 tour]] when they lost the series 5–0. In the 24 Tests played until then, India had won 2, lost 10 and drawn 12.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Menon|first1=Suresh|author-link1=Suresh Menon (sports writer)|title=The West Indies Challenge|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r4ZlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=640%2C1425894|access-date=28 June 2017|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 February 1989}}</ref><br />
<br />
== First-class matches ==<br />
=== Four-day: West Indies Board President's XI v Indians ===<br />
{{Two-innings cricket match<br />
| date = 2–5 March 1989<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND|name=Indians}}<br />
| team2 = West Indies Board President's XI<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 356 (112.4 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ravi Shastri]] 57<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[George Ferris (cricketer)|George Ferris]] 3/88<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 246 (88 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Carlisle Best]] 104[[Not out|*]]<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 6/27 (14 overs)<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = 307 (90.1 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Kapil Dev]] 97<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Robert Haynes (cricketer)|Robert Haynes]] 3/60 (26.1 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns2 = 183/3 (58 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Phil Simmons]] 116[[Not out|*]]<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ravi Shastri]] 2/35 (13 overs)<br />
| result = Match drawn<br />
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20151017202138/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51001.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]]<br />
| umpires = [[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]] and T Squires<br />
| toss = Indians won the toss and decided to bat.<br />
| rain = Rain interrupted play on day two.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tail wags as India reach 356|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=24NlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=758%2C2054091|access-date=28 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=4 March 1989|page=14}}</ref><br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Three-day: West Indies Under-23s v Indians ===<br />
{{Two-innings cricket match<br />
| date = 14–16 March 1989<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND|name=Indians}}<br />
| team2 = West Indies Under-23s<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 411/6[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (119 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] 114<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Linden Joseph]] 2/57 (20 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 405 (127.3 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Brian Lara]] 182 (237)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Narendra Hirwani]] 5/150 (36.3 overs)<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = 39/0 (9 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arun Lal]] 21[[Not out|*]]<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Nehemiah Perry (cricketer)|Nehemiah Perry]] 0/4 (2 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns2 = <br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = <br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = <br />
| result = Match drawn<br />
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20150911052540/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51032.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Warner Park Sporting Complex|Warner Park]], [[Basseterre]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<br />
| umpires = [[Andrew Weekes]] and [[Pat Whyte]]<br />
| toss = Indians won the toss and decided to bat.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The India team entered the game on the back of a 3–0 ODI series loss against the West Indies senior team, which ended on 11 March. Players who featured in the said matches and the first-class match against West Indies Board President's XI — [[Dilip Vengsarkar]], [[Kapil Dev]], [[Mohammad Azharuddin]], [[Kiran More]] — and two others, [[Ravi Shastri]] and [[Chetan Sharma]], were rested. The side was captained by [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India off to a bright start|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19890315&printsec=frontpage|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=16 March 1989|page=16}}</ref> The West Indies Under-23s included [[Kenny Benjamin]], who played for the senior team. [[Carl Hooper]], another regular in both teams, was rested for the game. The Under-23s side was captained by [[Brian Lara]], then 19.<ref>{{cite news|title=India to face strong youth team|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5YNlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2466%2C2839980|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=14 March 1989}}</ref> Batting first after winning the [[Toss (cricket)|toss]], the Indians [[Declaration and forfeiture|declared]] after making 411/6. [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] and [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] put on 171 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] for the third wicket with both scoring [[Century (cricket)|centuries]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sidhu, Manjrekar hit tons|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=54NlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=712%2C2987212|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=16 March 1989|page=16}}</ref> The West Indies Under-23s were all out at 405, with Lara top-scoring for the side with 182, coming off 237 balls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hirwani takes five|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6YNlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=827%2C3111444|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=18 March 1989|page=14}}</ref> His century came in 177 balls and included 12 fours.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lara spearheads Windies' reply|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6INlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=671%2C3053057|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=17 March 1989|page=16}}</ref> For the Indians, [[Narendra Hirwani]] (5/150) returned with best figures.<br />
<br />
=== Four-day: West Indies Board XI v Indians ===<br />
{{Two-innings cricket match<br />
| date = 1–4 April 1989<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND|name=Indians}}<br />
| team2 = West Indies Board XI<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 103/9[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (50.1 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] 39<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Patrick Patterson (cricketer)|Patrick Patterson]] 5/47 (19 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 185/3 (43.1 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Carlisle Best]] 58<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 1/27 (7 overs)<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = <br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = <br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = <br />
| score-team2-inns2 = <br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = <br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = <br />
| result = Match drawn<br />
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20151019225342/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51058.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Arnos Vale Stadium|Arnos Vale Playing Field]], [[Kingstown]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]<br />
| umpires = [[George Browne (umpire)|George Browne]] and [[Glenroy T. Johnson]]<br />
| toss = West Indies Board XI won the toss and decided to field.<br />
| rain = Rain prevented any play on days one and three.<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Four-day: Jamaica v Indians ===<br />
{{Two-innings cricket match<br />
| date = 22–25 April 1989<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND|name=Indians}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|JAM}}<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 586 (158.3 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] 286<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Steve Gordon (cricketer)|Steve Gordon]] 2/103 (22 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 330 (143 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Cleveland Davidson]] 74<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sanjeev Sharma]] 4/61 (25 overs)<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = 104/3 (37 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] 41[[Not out|*]]<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Steve Gordon (cricketer)|Steve Gordon]] 2/26 (8 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns2 = <br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = <br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = <br />
| result = Match drawn<br />
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20151017193036/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51083.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica]]<br />
| umpires = [[Lindel Bell]] and [[Antonio Gaynor]]<br />
| toss = Indians won the toss and decided to bat.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = [[Robert Samuels (cricketer)|Robert Samuels]] and [[Carlton Carter]] (Jamaica) made their first-class debuts.<br />
*''[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]'s score of 286 is his highest in first-class matches.''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Test matches==<br />
<br />
===1st Test===<br />
{{Test match<br />
| date =25–30 March 1989<br />
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}<br />
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}<br />
| score-team1-inns1 =437 (141 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Richie Richardson]] 194 (367)<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Arshad Ayub]] 5/104 (31 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns1 =86/1 (39 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Navjot Sidhu]] 42[[Not out|*]] (104)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Courtney Walsh]] 1/12 (6 overs)<br />
| result =Match drawn<br />
| venue =[[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]<br />
| umpires =[[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]] (WI) and [[Lloyd Barker (umpire)|Lloyd Barker]] (WI)<br />
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63503.html Scorecard]<br />
| toss =India won the toss and decided to field<br />
| rain = Rain on day two and [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]] (extended as playing day) prevented any further play.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Test Match: WEST INDIES v INDIA 1988-89|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153141.html|access-date=28 June 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
| motm =<br />
| notes = [[Ian Bishop (cricketer, born 1967)|Ian Bishop]] (WI) made his Test debut.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===2nd Test===<br />
{{Test match<br />
| date =7–12 April 1989<br />
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 ={{cr|WIN}}<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns1 =321 (105.2 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Sanjay Manjrekar]] 108<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Ian Bishop (cricketer, born 1967)|Ian Bishop]] 6/87 (25 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns1 =377 (111.5 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Gordon Greenidge]] 117<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Ravi Shastri]] 4/78 (28 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns2 =251 (97.3 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Ravi Shastri]] 107<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Malcolm Marshall]] 5/60 (26 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns2 =196/2 (48 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Desmond Haynes]] 112<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Chetan Sharma]] 1/19 (4 overs)<br />
<br />
| result =West Indies won by 8 wickets<br />
| venue =[[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]]<br />
| umpires =[[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]] (WI) and [[Lloyd Barker (umpire)|Lloyd Barker]] (WI)<br />
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63504.html Scorecard]<br />
| toss =West Indies won the toss and decided to field<br />
| rain =<br />
| motm=[[Ravi Shastri]] (Ind)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===3rd Test===<br />
{{Test match<br />
| date =15–20 April 1989<br />
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}<br />
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns1 =314 (123.3 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Gus Logie]] 87<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Arshad Ayub]] 5/117 (52 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns1 =150 (67 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Arun Lal]] 30<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Malcolm Marshall]] 5/34 (17 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns2 =266 (97 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Richie Richardson]] 99<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Kapil Dev]] 5/58 (25 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns2 =213 (81.5 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Dilip Vengsarkar]] 62<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Malcolm Marshall]] 6/55 (19.5 overs)<br />
<br />
| result =West Indies won by 217 runs<br />
| venue =[[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]]<br />
| umpires =[[Clyde Cumberbatch]] (WI) and [[Andrew Weekes]] (WI)<br />
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63505.html Scorecard]<br />
| toss =India won the toss and decided to field<br />
| rain =<br />
| motm=[[Malcolm Marshall]] (WI)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===4th Test===<br />
{{Test match<br />
| date =28 April–3 May 1989<br />
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 ={{cr|WIN}}<br />
| score-team1-inns1 =289 (102.2 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Navjot Sidhu]] 116<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Courtney Walsh]] 6/62 (29 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns1 =384 (123.5 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Richie Richardson]] 156<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Kapil Dev]] 6/84 (33 overs)<br />
| score-team1-inns2 =152 (48.3 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Sanjay Manjrekar]] 41<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Courtney Walsh]] 4/39 (17 overs)<br />
| score-team2-inns2 =60/3 (18.4 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Desmond Haynes]] 35<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Ravi Shastri]] 1/9 (7 overs)<br />
| result =West Indies won by 7 wickets<br />
| venue =[[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]<br />
| umpires =[[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]] (WI) and [[Steve Bucknor]] (WI)<br />
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63506.html scorecard]<br />
| toss =West Indies won the toss and decided to field<br />
| rain =<br />
| motm=[[Courtney Walsh]] (WI)<br />
| notes = [[M. Venkataramana]] (Ind) made his Test debut.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==ODIs==<br />
<br />
The West Indies won the Cable and Wireless ODI Series 5–0.<br />
<br />
===1st ODI===<br />
<br />
{{Limited overs matches<br />
| date = 7 March 1989<br />
| time =<br />
| daynight =<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
<br />
| score1 = 248/4 (48 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Desmond Haynes|DL Haynes]] 117[[not out|*]] (132)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 2/30 (9 overs)<br />
<br />
| score2 = 198/8 (48 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Ajay Sharma|AK Sharma]] 43[[not out|*]] (48)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Viv Richards|IVA Richards]] 3/47 (10 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = West Indies won by 50 runs<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-1988-89-62313/west-indies-vs-india-1st-odi-64338/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]]<br />
| umpires = [[David Archer (umpire)|DM Archer]] and [[Lloyd Barker (umpire)|LH Barker]]<br />
| motm = [[Desmond Haynes|DL Haynes]] (WI)<br />
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.<br />
| rain = The match was reduced to 48 overs per side.<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
===2nd ODI===<br />
<br />
{{Limited overs matches<br />
| date = 9 March 1989<br />
| time =<br />
| daynight =<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}<br />
<br />
| score1 = 148 (48 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 44 (47)<br />
| wickets1 = [[IVA Richards|Viv Richards]] 4/42 (10 overs)<br />
<br />
| score2 = 151/4 (38.4 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] 70 (106)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth|K Srikkanth]] 3/26 (4.4 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = West Indies won by 6 wickets<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-1988-89-62313/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-odi-64340/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad and Tobago<br />
| umpires = [[Clyde Cumberbatch|CE Cumberbatch]] and [[Mohammed Hosein|M Hosein]]<br />
| motm = [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] (WI)<br />
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.<br />
| rain =<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
===3rd ODI===<br />
<br />
{{Limited overs matches<br />
| date = 11 March 1989<br />
| time =<br />
| daynight =<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}<br />
<br />
| score1 = 192 (49.5 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu|NS Sidhu]] 50 (92)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Ian Bishop (cricketer)|IR Bishop]] 4/33 (9.5 overs)<br />
<br />
| score2 = 193/4 (47.2 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Keith Arthurton|KLT Arthurton]] 76[[not out|*]] (114)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Chetan Sharma|C Sharma]] 1/23 (8 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = West Indies won by 6 wickets<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-1988-89-62313/west-indies-vs-india-3rd-odi-64342/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad and Tobago<br />
| umpires = [[Clyde Cumberbatch|CE Cumberbatch]] and [[Glenroy T. Johnson|GT Johnson]]<br />
| motm = [[Keith Arthurton|KLT Arthurton]] (WI)<br />
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = [[Robin Singh (cricketer)|RR Singh]] (IND) made his ODI debut.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===4th ODI===<br />
<br />
{{Limited overs matches<br />
| date = 18 March 1989<br />
| time =<br />
| daynight =<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}<br />
<br />
| score1 = 237/8 (50 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Dilip Vengsarkar|DB Vengsarkar]] 88 (120)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Ian Bishop (cricketer)|IR Bishop]] 4/46 (10 overs)<br />
<br />
| score2 = 240/2 (43.2 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] 117 (123)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Ajay Sharma|AK Sharma]] 1/47 (10 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = West Indies won by 8 wickets<br />
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51040.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Antigua Recreation Ground]], [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda]]<br />
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor|SA Bucknor]] and [[Andrew Weekes|AE Weekes]]<br />
| motm = [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] (WI)<br />
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
===5th ODI===<br />
<br />
{{Limited overs matches<br />
| date = 21 March 1989<br />
| time =<br />
| daynight =<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
<br />
| score1 = 289/2 (43.5 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Desmond Haynes|DL Haynes]] 152[[not out|*]] (126)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Chetan Sharma|C Sharma]] 1/38 (7.5 overs)<br />
<br />
| score2 = 188/8 (44 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Kapil Dev]] 38 (48)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Viv Richards|IVA Richards]] 3/41 (10 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = West Indies won by 101 runs<br />
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/51/51044.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana]]<br />
| umpires = [[Lloyd Barker (umpire)|LH Barker]] and [[Clyde Duncan (umpire)|CR Duncan]]<br />
| motm = [[Desmond Haynes|DL Haynes]] (WI)<br />
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = The match was reduced to 43.5 overs per side.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/2/India_in_West_Indies_1988-89.html Cricarchive]<br />
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/62313.html Tour page ESPNcricinfo]<br />
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/62313.html?view=records Record ESPNcricinfo]<br />
<br />
{{International cricket tours of the West Indies}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian cricket team in West Indies in 1988-89}}<br />
[[Category:1989 in Indian cricket]]<br />
[[Category:1989 in West Indian cricket]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of the West Indies]]<br />
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1988–89 to 1991]]<br />
[[Category:West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhananjay_Datar&diff=496606Dhananjay Datar2025-07-25T02:55:09Z<p>Harryson3545: added a post w/ refs!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian businessman}}<br />
{{mi|<br />
{{refimprove| date=July 2025}}<br />
{{promotional|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Out of date|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{notability |date=July 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Dhananjay Datar''' is an Indian businessman based in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. He moved from [[Mumbai]] to [[Dubai]] where he joined his father, who had set up a small grocery business where Datar interned before taking over the business and expanding it into the retail, spice production and export company Al Adil Group in 1984, becoming a prominent member of the UAE's Indian expatriate business community.<br />
<br />
== 'Masala King' ==<br />
Datar was born in [[Maharashtra]]<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Celebrating milestones: Dr Dhananjay Datar receives top leadership honour in Middle East |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/celebrating-milestones-dr-dhananjay-datar-receives-top-leadership-honour-in-middle-east/articleshow/70492457.cms?from=mdr |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> and brought up by his grandmother in the city of [[Amaravati]] from the age of 8 as his father was a sergeant in the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) and travelled constantly.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Dhananjay Datar |work=Gulf Business |url=https://gulfbusiness.com/lists/indian-leaders-2020/dhananjay-datar/ |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> His father retired and the family moved to Mumbai, from where Datar's father then emigrated to Dubai to set up a small grocery business.<ref name=":1" /> Joining him, Datar took out a bank loan and expanded the business, naming it Al Adil group.<ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Mello |first1=Sandhya |title=From Dh30 in his pocket to successful Dubai entrepreneur |language=en |work=Khaleej Times |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/from-dh30-in-his-pocket-to-successful-dubai-entrepreneur |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> By 2021, the Group had 43 supermarket outlets across the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]],<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news |date=2017 |title=The 50 Richest Indians in the GCC: 2017-39.Dr Dhananjay Datar |work=Arabian Business |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/the-50-richest-indians-in-gcc-668304-htmlitemid668289?itemid=668289 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> operating two factories and two spice mills.<ref name=":0" /> Datar has frequently been dubbed as the "Masala King" by media in both the UAE<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=King of spices: The rise of Al Adil's Dhananjay Datar from a poor boy to a multi-millionaire in Dubai |language=en |work=gulfnews.com |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae-success-stories/king-of-spices-the-rise-of-al-adils-dhananjay-datar-from-a-poor-boy-to-a-multi-millionaire-in-dubai-1.1549956288467 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> and India<ref>{{cite news |date=9 May 2021 |title='Masala King' Dhananjay Datar honours Corona warriors with Alphonso mangoes from Konkan |language=en |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/masala-king-dhananjay-datar-honours-corona-warriors-with-alphonso-mangoes-from-konkan-984073.html |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2018-04-11 |title=Masala King Dr. Dhananjay Datar to inspire Pune Entrepreneurs on 13th April |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/masala-king-dr-dhananjay-datar-to-inspire-pune-entrepreneurs-on-13th-april/ |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Punekar News |language=en-US}}</ref> and in 2017 was ranked 39th among the ''50 Richest Indians in the GCC'' by ''[[Arabian Business]]''. In 2018, he was ranked 29th ''[[Forbes|Forbes Middle East]]'s'' 'Top 100 Indian Business Leaders'<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr Dhananjay Datar 27th on Forbes Middle East's list |language=en |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dr-dhananjay-datar-27th-on-forbes-middle-east-s-list-2777370 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> and in 2019 was ranked 27th.<ref name=":0" /> He was a recipient of the [[Udyog Rattan Award]] for outstanding contribution to the economic development of India in 2011.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Datar, Dhananjay}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-business-bio-stub}}</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kai_silambattam&diff=507389Kai silambattam2025-07-01T22:20:08Z<p>Harryson3545: New A Data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Tamil folk dance}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
'''Kai silambattam''' is an ancient [[dance forms of Tamil Nadu|folk dance]] practiced mainly in Tamil Nadu. It is usually performed by women holding a [[silambu]] (a type of anklet) in their hands. The dancers generally make specific rhythms using the anklet. The dance is usually dedicated to Hindu gods or goddesses and performed during festivals and village festivities.<br />
<br />
==Technique==<br />
Female dancers wearing [[anklet|ankle-bells]] and holding a [[silambu]] in their hands, make rhythmic noises while dancing.{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Kasturi|2007|p=518}} The metal silambu is shaken and rattled with the hand in a rhythmic synchronisation to make various noises.{{sfn|Khokar|2003|p=59}}<ref name="TN">{{cite web|url=https://ranipet.nic.in/art-culture/|title=Art and culture|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> There is no prescribed number of people involved in the dance, and it is generally performed in pairs of even number of artists ranging from two to eight.<ref name="TN"/><br />
<br />
The dance is performed by people of all ages, who possess the physical energy to perform the dance. Senior artistes often teach younger artistes as a form of tradition.<ref name="TN"/> The dance is accompanied by music from traditional [[Ancient Tamil music|Tamil instrument]] called ''Pambai''. The art form is also called ''Pambai silambattam'' associated with the music instrument.<ref name="TN"/> The dance is also performed by male dances during festivals.{{sfn|Khokar|2003|p=59}} <br />
<br />
==Costume and accessories==<br />
{{see|Silambu}}<br />
[[File:Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg|thumb|[[Kannaki]] holding a [[silambu]] in her hand (a scene from ''[[Cilappatikaram]]''<ref name="Silambu"/>)]]<br />
<br />
There is no prescribed costume for this art form.<ref name="TN"/> [[Silambu]] is the main accessory used in the dance. A silambu is typically known as ''kal chilambu'' (leg anklet) as it is worn on the leg.{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Marcuse|1975|p=476}} It is usually a hollow tubular metal structure in the form of a ring.{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Marcuse|1975|p=476}}{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=190}} The dance is called ''kai silambattam'' as the silambu is held in the hand, and to specifically distinguish it from the martial art form of [[silambattam]].<ref name="TN"/> <br />
<br />
The silambu is made of metals such as [[silver]],{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Marcuse|1975|p=476}} or [[copper]].{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=190}} It consists of metal beads or pellets inside, which make a noise when rattled.{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Marcuse|1975|p=476}}{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=190}} It finds mention in early [[Tamil literature]] from the [[sangam period]]. It forms the basis of the [[Sangam literature]] ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'', which is named after it.<ref name="Silambu">{{cite book|title=Shilappadikaram|trans-title=The Ankle Bracelet|author=Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ|year=1965|isbn=978-0-81120-001-1|publisher=New Directions Publishing}}</ref> The dancers wear anklets or ankle-bells, which also produce sounds along with the silambu.{{sfn|Sambamoorthy|1976|p=23}}<ref name="TN"/><br />
<br />
==Occasion==<br />
The dance is mostly performed in temples, as a way of worship or veneration of the deities.<ref name="TN"/> It is performed in temples during [[Amman]] festivals or [[Navaratri]] festival especially to praise female deities like [[Durga]] or [[Kali]].{{sfn|Kasturi|2007|p=518}}{{sfn|Khokar|2003|p=59}} It is also performed during festivals and village festivities.{{sfn|Khokar|2003|p=59}} For example, it is performed on auspicious days and as a part of [[Thaipusam]] festivities along with [[Kavadi Aattam|kavadi]]. It is also performed during special occasions such as [[marriages]] and [[ear-boring]] ceremonies.<ref name="TN"/> It is also performed on stage as a part of cultural activities.<ref name="TN"/><br />
<br />
==Areas of practice==<br />
Kai silambattam is an ancient [[dance forms of Tamil Nadu|folk dance]] practiced mainly in Tamil Nadu.{{sfn|Narayan|2007|p=139}} It is predominantly practiced in the northern districts of [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Kancheepuram district|Kancheepuram]], [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]], [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]], and [[Vellore district|Vellore]],<ref name="TN"/> and certain other districts such as [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], and [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.valaitamil.com/kai-silambattam_10453.html|title=Kai Silambattam|lang=ta|work=Valai Tamil|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
*{{cite book|last=Banerji|first=Projesh|url=https://archive.org/details/FolkDanceOfIndia/page/n106/mode/1up|title=The Folk-Dance of India|date=1959|publisher=Kitabistan|location=[[Allahabad]]}}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Kasturi|first=Prema|title=South India Heritage:An Introduction|year=2007|isbn=978-8-18866-164-0|publisher=East West Books|location=[[Chennai]]}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Folk Dance: Tribal, Ritual & Martial Forms|first=Ashish |last=Khokar|year=2003|isbn=978-8-12910-097-9|publisher=[[Rupa Publications]]}}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Marcuse|first=Sibyl|title=Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary|date=1975|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company|Norton]]|location=[[New York City]]|chapter=Silambu|isbn=978-0-39300-758-9|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcu/page/476/mode/1up}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Flipside of Hindu Symbolism:Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism|first=M.K.V.|last=Narayan|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59682-117-0|publisher=Fultus Corporation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewRfp4qpvt4C}}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Sambamoorthy|first=P.|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.chennai.82|title=Catalogue of Musical Instruments Exhibited in the Government Museum, Chennai|date=1976|publisher=Principal Commissioner of Museums, [[Government Museum, Chennai|Government Museum]]|location=[[Chennai]]}}<br />
<br />
{{Dance in India}}<br />
[[Category:Tamil dance styles]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu traditions]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu art]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=VJ_Sunny&diff=543172VJ Sunny2025-04-30T21:04:17Z<p>Harryson3545: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1989)}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = VJ Sunny<br />
| other_names = Arun Reddy<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|08|17|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Khammam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor}}<br />
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]]<br />
}}<br />
'''VJ Sunny''' is an [[Indian actor]] and television personality who works in Telugu television shows and [[Telugu cinema|films]]. He gained popularity with the TV serial ''Kalyana Vaibhogam'' and [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|''Bigg Boss'' ''5'']].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Tv Serial Kalyana Vaibhogam Synopsis Aired On ZEE TELUGU Channel |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Telugu/tv-serials/kalyana-vaibhogam |website=nettv4u}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-telugu-season-5-winner-sunny-rs-50-lakh-prize-money-7680712/|title=Bigg Boss Telugu season 5 winner Sunny wins Rs 50 lakh, a bike and plot worth Rs 25 lakh, Shanmukh and Sreerama Chandra are runners-up|date=19 December 2021|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early and personal life==<br />
VJ Sunny was born to Venkateshwarulu and Kalavathi. He has one sister, Rajitha Devi. Sunny did his schooling from Nirmala High School in Khammam and obtained his B.Com degree from [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-5-telugu-winner-vj-sunny-biography-in-telugu-600135.html|title=Bigg Boss 5 Telugu Winner Sunny|script-title= te:బిగ్బాస్ సీజన్ 5 విజేతగా సన్నీ.. ఖమ్మం కుర్రోడి గురించి ఆసక్తికర విషయాలు..|trans-title=Interesting facts about Khammam boy, Biggboss 5 Telugu winner Sunny |date=20 December 2021|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te}}</ref> From a young age, Vijay Sunny harbored a passion for acting, gaining early recognition for his role in the play ‘Aladdin.’ His journey into the world of entertainment continued as he hosted a TV show called ‘Just for Men’ on a channel. Later, he took on the role of a journalist in a news channel for a period. His knack for connecting with the audience strengthened when he starred in the serial ‘Kalyana Vaibhogam,’ playing the character Jayasurya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VJ Sunny: Biography, Age, Movies, Family, Photos, Latest News |url=https://filmyfocus.com/celebs/vj-sunny |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Filmy Focus |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He started his career as a [[video jockey]] with the TV show ''Just For Men'' on [[Maa Music]] and later, he worked as a lifestyle journalist and interviewed many renowned celebrities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-5-contestant-vj-sunny-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-journalist-turned-actor/articleshow/85925846.cms|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 5 contestant VJ Sunny: All you need to know about the journalist-turned-actor|newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017, he debuted as a TV actor as the male lead for the serial ''Kalyana Vaibhogam''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/pursuing-a-dream-534302|title=Pursuing a dream|first=D. Shreya|last=Veronica|date=2 June 2019|website=thehansindia.com}}</ref> in the role of a businessman opposite Meghana Lokesh. In 2021, VJ Sunny emerged as the winner of [[Star Maa]]'s reality TV show [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|''Bigg Boss'' ''5'']]. Sunny won the title along with ₹50 lakh in prize money, a bike, and a plot worth ₹25 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/vj-sunny-wins-bigg-boss-telugu-season-5-takes-home-rs-50-lakh-bike-and-a-plot-1889855-2021-12-20|title=VJ Sunny wins Bigg Boss Telugu Season 5, takes home Rs 50 lakh, bike and a plot|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-telugu-5-vj-sunny-wins-show-and-receives-rs-50-lakh-shanmukh-jaswanth-becomes-first-runner-up-101639967401112.html|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 5: VJ Sunny wins show, receives ₹50 lakh; Shanmukh Jaswanth becomes first runner up|date=20 December 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:centre;"<br />
! scope="col" |Year<br />
! scope="col" |Title<br />
! scope="col" |Role <br />
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''Sakalagunabhi Rama''<br />
| Abhiram<br />
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title='సకల గుణాభి రామ' మంచి ఫ్యామిలీ ఎంటర్టైనర్: సన్నీ['Sakala Gunabhi Rama' is a good family entertainer says Sunny |trans-title= |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/vj-sunny-about-sakalagunabhi-rama/0201/122174783 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=Telugu}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| [[Unstoppable (2023 film)|''Unstoppable'']]<br />
| Kohinoor Kalyan <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2023 |title=Theatrical trailer of VJ Sunny and Sapthagiri's Unstoppable gets unveiled |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/theatrical-trailer-of-vj-sunny-and-sapthagiris-unstoppable-gets-unveiled.html |website=123telugu.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| ''[[Sound Party (2023 film)|Sound Party]]''<br />
| Raghava aka Dollar Kumar <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=VJ Sunny's Sound Party Release Date Out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/141123/sound-party-to-arrive-in-theatres-on-nov-24.html |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=14 November 2023 }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:centre;"<br />
! scope="col" |Year<br />
! scope="col" |Title<br />
! scope="col" |Role <br />
! scope="col" |Network<br />
! scope="col" |Notes<br />
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| ||''Just For Men'' ||Video Jockey ||[[Star Maa]] || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''Kalyana Vaibhogam'' || Jaya Surya || [[Zee Telugu]] || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || '' [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|''Bigg Boss'' 5]]''|| Contestant || Star Maa || Winner ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2023 || [[ATM (web series)|''ATM'']] ||Jagan || [[ZEE5]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waiting for that one Friday to make my dreams come true |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/231123/vj-sunny-on-bigg-boss-sound-party-and-tfi.html |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=23 November 2023 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=14042029|name=VJ Sunny}}<br />
*{{Twitter|VJSunnyOfficial}}<br />
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunny, VJ}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television personalities]]<br />
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:People from Khammam district]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) winners]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruvarur_Junction_railway_station&diff=458023Thiruvarur Junction railway station2025-04-05T00:11:57Z<p>Harryson3545: update lead additionally</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Thiruvarur Junction<br />
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| image = Thiruvarur Junction Entrance.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Thiruvarur Junction entrance<br />
| address = Panagal road, [[Thiruvarur]], [[Thiruvarur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10.7648|79.6338|display=inline,title}}<br />
| elevation = {{convert|13|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| line = Thiruvarur–Karaikkudi line <br> Thiruvarur–Thanjavur line <br> Thiruvarur–Nagapattinam–Karaikal line <br> Thiruvarur–Mayiladuthurai (branch line)<br />
| other = [[Bus stand]], [[taxicab stand]], [[Auto rickshaw]] stand<br />
| structure = At-grade<br />
| platform = 5<br />
| tracks = 7<br />
| parking = Yes<br />
| opened = <br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = [[25 kV AC]] [[Utility frequency|50 Hz]]<br />
| accessible = {{access icon|20px}}<br />
| code = {{Indian railway code<br />
| code = TVR<br />
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]<br />
| division = [[Tiruchirappalli railway division|Tiruchirapalli]]<br />
}}<br />
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]<br />
| status = Functioning<br />
| former = <br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu<br />
| route_map = {{Mayiladuthurai–Thiruthuraipoondi line}}<br />
| map_state = show<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thiruvarur Junction''' (station code: TVR) is an NSG–5 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Tiruchirappalli railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=3 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=8 |date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is a junction railway station serving [[Thiruvarur]] town, headquarters of Thiruvarur district in [[Tamil Nadu]] in India and a focal point on the branch line connecting trains from Chennai to Nagapattinam–Velankanni–Nagore–Karaikal on one line and Karaikkudi–Sivganga–Manamadurai–Rameswaram on the second line and Tiruchirappalli–Thanjavur–Thiruvarur–Nagapattinam–Karaikal on the third line and Mayiladuthurai–Thiruvarur on the fourth line that branches out of the station.(I.e the station is situated between mayiladuthurai to Karaikudi section of TPJ divn)The station is a part of the Trichy railway division one of the 6 divisions of the Southern Railway zone.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In 1861, the Great Southern of India Railway (GSIR) built the 125&nbsp;km (78&nbsp;mi)-long {{track gauge|1676mm}}-wide line between Nagapattinam and Tiruchirappali (then known as Trichinopoly) via Thiruvarur, Nidamangalam, Thanjavur and the line was opened to traffic next year. It was a new development south of Chennai. After taking over GSIR by [[South Indian Railway Company]] in 1874, the Nagapattinam–Tiruchirappalli line was converted to 1,000&nbsp;mm (3&nbsp;ft 3 3/8 in)-wide metre gauge in 1875.<br />
<br />
==Location and layout==<br />
<br />
The Thiruvarur Junction is situated on the Panagal Road which is sandwiched between the Netaji Road and the [[Coimbatore]]–[[Nagapattinam]] [[National Highway 83 (India)|National Highway 83]], the two arterial thoroughfares of the town.<br />
<br />
On the Panagal Road is also located the Thiruvarur Bus Depot where buses to Mannargudi, Thiruthuraipoondi, Nagapattinam, Velankanni, Karaikal, Mayiladuthurai, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam and several nearby destinations are available.<br />
<br />
The nearest airport is the Tiruchirappalli International Airport some 105&nbsp;km away from the station. The next nearest train stations are Mankudi (south), Kulikarai (west), Adiyakkamangalam (east) and Vijayapuram (north).<br />
<br />
The station has 5 platforms and over 7 tracks in broad gauge.<br />
<br />
The station is converted into electrified. (Current processing)<br />
<br />
==Lines==<br />
<br />
There are 4 lines that branch out of the station:<br />
<br />
* BG single line (branch of the main line) towards Chennai via Villupuram Jn, Mayiladuthurai Jn.<br />
* BG single line to Velankanni, [[Nagapattinam Junction railway station|Nagapattinam Jn]], Nagore and Karaikal.<br />
* BG single line to Tiruchirapalli Jn via Thanjavur Jn and [[Nidamangalam Junction railway station|Nidamangalam Jn]].<br />
* BG single line to KaraikudiJn via Thiruthuraipoondi Jn, Thiruvarur. Gauge conversion completed between Thiruvarur Jn and [[Karaikudi Junction railway station|Karaikudi Jn]] is in progress and there is only partial connectivity in the segment connecting Pattukottai and Karaikudi Jn. Speed test between Pattukottai to Thiruvarur Jn in via Thiruthuraipoondi Jn in new BG line speed up to 120&nbsp;km/h.<br />
Thiruvarur to Karaikkudi via Thiruthuraipoondi Passenger train starts 1 June 2019<br />
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== Electrification ==<br />
New electrification survey in 2012–13 had been sanctioned in the Railway Budget for the Karaikal/Karaikal port–Thiruvarur Jn–Thanjavur–Tiruchirappalli and Nagapattinam–Velankanni sectors.<br />
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== Gauge conversion ==<br />
After conversion work of the Thanjavur–Thiruvarur broad-gauge section was opened to traffic in 2006 and Thiruvarur–Nagapattinam–Nagore section in 2010.<br><br />
Gauge conversion between Thiruvarur Junction railway station and Karaikudi Junction railway station is completed in progress and there is only partial connectivity in the segment connecting Pattukottai, Thiruthuraupoondi Junction railway station and Karaikudi Junction.<br />
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== Projects and development ==<br />
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under ''Amrit Bharat Station Scheme'' of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=AMRIT BHARAT STATIONS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |date=10 Feb 2023 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ Indian Railways]<br />
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{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
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[[Category:Trichy railway division]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Thiruvarur district]]<br />
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Tamil Nadu]]</div>Harryson3545https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramavarappadu_Junction&diff=529170Ramavarappadu Junction2024-12-27T13:47:53Z<p>Harryson3545: added new article...</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
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{{Infobox road junction<br />
|country =IND<br />
|road_type =<br />
|name = Ramavarappadu Junction<br />
| image = File:Ramavarappadu junction on AH-45.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Ramavarappadu Junction from AH-45<br />
|other_names = Ramavarappadu Ring<br />
|location = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|coord = {{coord|16.523813|80.677441|display=inline,title}}<br />
|roads = [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH16]]<br/>[[Inner Ring Road, Vijayawada|Vijayawada Inner Ring Road]]<br />
|type = [[Roundabout]]<br />
|spans =<br />
|lanes =<br />
|const =<br />
|contractor =<br />
|opened = <br />
|height =<br />
|width =<br />
|maint = <br />
|tolls =<br />
|map =<br />
|map_alt =<br />
}}<br />
'''Ramavarappadu Junction''' is one of the busiest chowks (roundabout / traffic circle) and a prominent landmark located on [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] in the Indian City of [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/naidu-inaugurates-irr-flyover/article8909697.ece|title=Naidu inaugurates IRR flyover}}</ref> Two highways, [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH16]] and [[Inner Ring Road, Vijayawada|Vijayawada Inner Ring Road]], intersect at this junction.<br />
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==Traffic==<br />
Ramavarappadu Junction is one of the busiest junctions in Vijayawada. The Green Loop of [[Vijayawada BRTS]] and the [[Inner Ring Road, Vijayawada|Vijayawada Inner Ring Road]] meet with [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] at this junction. Metro station will come up at the Ramavarappadu circle junction. The [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority|CRDA]] is planning to construct a big arch at the Ramavarappadu ring junction to welcome the people who come from [[Eluru]] on the national highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-04-21/Ramavarappadu-ring-centre-set-to-be-a-busy-junction/223029|title=Ramavarappadu ring centre set to be a busy junction}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Vijayawada topics}}{{Neighbourhoods of Vijayawada}}<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Vijayawada]]</div>Harryson3545