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<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Split within the Roman Catholic Church}}<br />
The '''Schism of the Three Chapters''' was a schism that affected [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] in Northern [[Italy]] lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger [[Three-Chapter Controversy]] that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Three-Chapter Controversy}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background to the Three-Chapter Controversy==<br />
<br />
The Three-Chapter Controversy arose from an attempt to reconcile the [[Non-Chalcedonian]] ([[Miaphysite]]) [[Christians]] of the Middle East with the [[Chalcedonian Christianity|positions of the Council of Chalcedon]]. To exact a compromise, works of several Eastern theologians such as [[Theodoret of Cyrus]], [[Ibas of Edessa]], and [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]], which came to be known collectively as the ''Three Chapters'', were condemned. The positions of the ''Three Chapters'' were particularly objectionable to the Miaphysites and, in an attempt to win them to the Council, the condemnation was issued.<br />
<br />
The condemnation took the form of an Imperial Edict around 543, accompanied by the [[Leo's Tome|Tome]] of [[Pope Leo I]] that had been read at the Council of Chalcedon nearly one hundred years before. There was some resistance in the Greek speaking, eastern part of the Church, although in the end the leading Eastern bishops did agree to condemn it. Those who would not condemn these works were accused of being sympathetic to the heresy of [[Nestorianism]].<br />
<br />
==The original Break==<br />
<br />
[[File:Aquileia Basilica, esterno - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto.jpg|thumb|left|Basilica of Aquileia]]<br />
In 553 [[Council of Aquileia, 553|by council]],<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Councils of Aquileia}}</ref> the bishops of [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]], [[Liguria]], [[Emilia (region of Italy)|Aemilia]], [[Milan]] and of the [[Istrian]] peninsula all refused to condemn the Three Chapters, arguing that to do so would be to betray Chalcedon. They broke off communion with Rome, under the leadership of [[Macedonius of Aquileia]] (535–556).<br />
<br />
They in turn were [[excommunicated|anathematized]] by other churchmen.<br />
<br />
The schism provided the opportunity for the bishop of Aquileia to assume the title [[Patriarch]]. Macedonius' successor [[Paulinus I of Aquileia|Paulinus I]] (557–569) began using the title around 560.<br />
<br />
<br />
==The Lombard Invasion==<br />
<br />
By the end of the next decade, the [[Lombards]] had overrun all of northern Italy.<br />
<br />
In 568, the patriarch of Aquileia, [[Paulinus I of Aquileia|Paulinus]], was obliged to flee, with the treasures of his church, to the little island of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]], near [[Trieste]], a last remnant of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]] in northern Italy and eight miles to the south of Aquileia. This political change did not affect the relations of the patriarchate with the Apostolic See; its bishops, whether in Lombard or imperial territory, stubbornly refused all invitations to a reconciliation. The [[Synod of Grado]] in 579 confirmed this position.<br />
<br />
With the exception of the patriarch of Aquileia, these bishops and most of their suffragans were now subjects of the [[Lombards]] and beyond the reach of the [[Byzantine Exarch at Ravenna]]. As a result, they were able to maintain their dissent in support of the schism.<br />
<br />
==The Schism in Milan==<br />
<br />
The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Bishop of Milan]] was [[Dacius of Milan|Dacius]], who was at Constantinople at the time and strongly opposed the condemnation of the Three Chapters, going so far as to break off communion with Greek bishops who signed the condemnation.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He died in Constantinople in 552 and took no direct part in the schism.<ref name="ccel.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#4 |title=Gregory the Great, Dialogues (1911) Book 3. pp. 105–174<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-08-16 |archive-date=2009-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040820/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#4 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Bishop [[ Honoratus of Mediolanum|Honoratus]] of Milan fled the city when it was besieged by the Lombard [[Alboin]] in 568. Honoratus sought refuge in Byzantine-controlled Genoa with a great number of his clergy. At his death there was a split with the Milanese clergy at Genoa electing Laurentius II, and the Christians remaining in Milan electing Fronto. Laurence subscribed to the condemnation while Fronto observed the schism with Rome.<br />
<br />
Communion between Milan and Rome was restored around 581.<br />
<br />
==The Schism in Grado==<br />
<br />
The seat of the [[Patriarch of Aquileia]] stayed in Byzantine controlled [[Grado, Italy|Grado]]. The Byzantines allowed these freedom and archbishop Elias, already called patriarch by his suffragans, built a cathedral under the patronage of [[St. Euphemia]] as an unabashed statement of his adherence to the schism since it was the church of St. Euphemia in which the sessions of the Council of Chalcedon were approved. Gregory the Great's attempts at conciliation near the end of his pontificate, and especially through the Lombard queen, [[Theodelinda]], began to have some effect.<br />
<br />
Thus, in 606, Elias's successor Severus died and there were many clerics favorable to reconciliation. The Byzantines encouraged these to elect Candidianus who once elected promptly restored communion. Those of his suffragans whose sees lay within the empire joined him in submission to the Apostolic See.<br />
<br />
==The Split of the Patriarchate of Aquileia==<br />
Many bishops whose dioceses were under Lombard control were unhappy with the reconciliation. These dissidents fled to mainland Aquileia and under Lombard protection elected a John as a rival patriarch who maintained the schism. There were now two patriarchates in northern Italy, [[Aquileia in Grado]] and [[Old-Aquileia]].<br />
<br />
The diocese of [[Como]] was originally a suffragan of Milan, but by the mid 6th century, prompted by its disagreement with the reconciliation of Milan, Como renounced its connection with Milan and passed to being a suffragan to Aquileia, a situation which lasted until 1751. Moreover until 1597, Como continued celebrating the [[Aquileian Rite]] persisting in this even a year after that Rite had been abandoned at Aquileia itself and desisting only when the Pope ordered Como to abandon it, despite resistance.<br />
<br />
==Reconciliation with Rome==<br />
<br />
The schism had deepened along political, Lombard-Roman lines. The [[Ireland|Irish]] missionary [[Columbanus]], who was ministering to the Lombards in [[Bobbio]] was involved in the first attempt to resolve this division through mediation between 612 and 615. [[Agilulf]], [[Lombards#Historic Kings of the Lombards|King]] of the [[Lombards]], persuaded him to address a letter on the schism to [[Boniface IV]]. He tells the pope that he is suspect of heresy for accepting the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] (the Second Council of [[Constantinople]] in 553), and exhorts him to summon a council and prove his orthodoxy.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Pope St. Boniface IV}}</ref><br />
<br />
Historian [[Edward Gibbon]] theorized that [[Pope Honorius I]] reconciled the Patriarch to Rome in 638, although this did not last.<ref>Footnote 98, {{cite book|author=Edward Gibbon|author-link=Edward Gibbon|title=Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|page=794|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy8OAAAAQAAJ&dq=Schism%20of%20the%20Three%20Chapters&pg=PA794|year=1837}}</ref><br />
<br />
As the schism lost its vigour, the Lombards started to renounce [[Arianism]] and join western apostolic and catholic orthodoxy. The bishop of Old-Aquileia formally ended the schism at the [[Council of Pavia (698)|Synod of Pavia in 698]]. After Old-Aquileia reconciled with Rome, Pope Gregory II granted the [[pallium]] to Patriarch Serenus (715–730) of Aquileia in 723. The division of the [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (Episcopal)|Patriarchate of Aquileia]] into the rival Patriarchies of Aquileia and Grado contributed to the evolution of the [[Patriarch of Grado]] into the present [[Patriarch of Venice]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{Refbegin|2}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|author-link=John Meyendorff|title=Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.|year=1989|location=Crestwood, NY|publisher=St. Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=9780881410563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Price|first=Richard M.|chapter=The Three Chapters Controversy and the Council of Chalcedon |title=The Crisis of the Oikoumene: The Three Chapters and the Failed Quest for Unity in the Sixth-century Mediterranean|year=2007|location=Turnhout|publisher=Brepols|pages=17–37|isbn=9782503515205 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MufYAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Sotinel|first=Claire|chapter=The Three Chapters and the Transformations of Italy |title=The Crisis of the Oikoumene: The Three Chapters and the Failed Quest for Unity in the Sixth-century Mediterranean|year=2007|location=Turnhout|publisher=Brepols|pages=85–120|isbn=9782503515205 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MufYAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schism Of The Three Chapters}}<br />
[[Category:Schisms in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Patriarchate of Aquileia]]<br />
[[Category:6th century in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:7th century in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:6th century in Italy]]<br />
[[Category:7th century in Italy]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schism_of_the_Three_Chapters&diff=562239Schism of the Three Chapters2026-09-16T15:12:00Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "{{Short description|Split within the Roman Catholic Church}} The '''Schism of the Three Chapters''' was a schism that affected Chalcedonian Christianity in Northern Italy lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger Three-Chapter Controversy that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Three-Chapter..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Split within the Roman Catholic Church}}<br />
The '''Schism of the Three Chapters''' was a schism that affected [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] in Northern [[Italy]] lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger [[Three-Chapter Controversy]] that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Three-Chapter Controversy}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background to the Three-Chapter Controversy==<br />
<br />
The Three-Chapter Controversy arose from an attempt to reconcile the [[Non-Chalcedonian]] ([[Miaphysite]]) [[Christians]] of the Middle East with the [[Chalcedonian Christianity|positions of the Council of Chalcedon]]. To exact a compromise, works of several Eastern theologians such as [[Theodoret of Cyrus]], [[Ibas of Edessa]], and [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]], which came to be known collectively as the ''Three Chapters'', were condemned. The positions of the ''Three Chapters'' were particularly objectionable to the Miaphysites and, in an attempt to win them to the Council, the condemnation was issued.<br />
<br />
The condemnation took the form of an Imperial Edict around 543, accompanied by the [[Leo's Tome|Tome]] of [[Pope Leo I]] that had been read at the Council of Chalcedon nearly one hundred years before. There was some resistance in the Greek speaking, eastern part of the Church, although in the end the leading Eastern bishops did agree to condemn it. Those who would not condemn these works were accused of being sympathetic to the heresy of [[Nestorianism]].<br />
<br />
==The original Break==<br />
<br />
[[File:Aquileia Basilica, esterno - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto.jpg|thumb|left|Basilica of Aquileia]]<br />
In 553 [[Council of Aquileia, 553|by council]],<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Councils of Aquileia}}</ref> the bishops of [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]], [[Liguria]], [[Emilia (region of Italy)|Aemilia]], [[Milan]] and of the [[Istrian]] peninsula all refused to condemn the Three Chapters, arguing that to do so would be to betray Chalcedon. They broke off communion with Rome, under the leadership of [[Macedonius of Aquileia]] (535–556).<br />
<br />
They in turn were [[excommunicated|anathematized]] by other churchmen.<br />
<br />
The schism provided the opportunity for the bishop of Aquileia to assume the title [[Patriarch]]. Macedonius' successor [[Paulinus I of Aquileia|Paulinus I]] (557–569) began using the title around 560.<br />
<br />
==The Lombard Invasion==<br />
<br />
By the end of the next decade, the [[Lombards]] had overrun all of northern Italy.<br />
<br />
In 568, the patriarch of Aquileia, [[Paulinus I of Aquileia|Paulinus]], was obliged to flee, with the treasures of his church, to the little island of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]], near [[Trieste]], a last remnant of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]] in northern Italy and eight miles to the south of Aquileia. This political change did not affect the relations of the patriarchate with the Apostolic See; its bishops, whether in Lombard or imperial territory, stubbornly refused all invitations to a reconciliation. The [[Synod of Grado]] in 579 confirmed this position.<br />
<br />
With the exception of the patriarch of Aquileia, these bishops and most of their suffragans were now subjects of the [[Lombards]] and beyond the reach of the [[Byzantine Exarch at Ravenna]]. As a result, they were able to maintain their dissent in support of the schism.<br />
<br />
==The Schism in Milan==<br />
<br />
The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Bishop of Milan]] was [[Dacius of Milan|Dacius]], who was at Constantinople at the time and strongly opposed the condemnation of the Three Chapters, going so far as to break off communion with Greek bishops who signed the condemnation.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He died in Constantinople in 552 and took no direct part in the schism.<ref name="ccel.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#4 |title=Gregory the Great, Dialogues (1911) Book 3. pp. 105–174<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-08-16 |archive-date=2009-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040820/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#4 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Bishop [[ Honoratus of Mediolanum|Honoratus]] of Milan fled the city when it was besieged by the Lombard [[Alboin]] in 568. Honoratus sought refuge in Byzantine-controlled Genoa with a great number of his clergy. At his death there was a split with the Milanese clergy at Genoa electing Laurentius II, and the Christians remaining in Milan electing Fronto. Laurence subscribed to the condemnation while Fronto observed the schism with Rome.<br />
<br />
Communion between Milan and Rome was restored around 581.<br />
<br />
==The Schism in Grado==<br />
<br />
The seat of the [[Patriarch of Aquileia]] stayed in Byzantine controlled [[Grado, Italy|Grado]]. The Byzantines allowed these freedom and archbishop Elias, already called patriarch by his suffragans, built a cathedral under the patronage of [[St. Euphemia]] as an unabashed statement of his adherence to the schism since it was the church of St. Euphemia in which the sessions of the Council of Chalcedon were approved. Gregory the Great's attempts at conciliation near the end of his pontificate, and especially through the Lombard queen, [[Theodelinda]], began to have some effect.<br />
<br />
Thus, in 606, Elias's successor Severus died and there were many clerics favorable to reconciliation. The Byzantines encouraged these to elect Candidianus who once elected promptly restored communion. Those of his suffragans whose sees lay within the empire joined him in submission to the Apostolic See.<br />
<br />
==The Split of the Patriarchate of Aquileia==<br />
Many bishops whose dioceses were under Lombard control were unhappy with the reconciliation. These dissidents fled to mainland Aquileia and under Lombard protection elected a John as a rival patriarch who maintained the schism. There were now two patriarchates in northern Italy, [[Aquileia in Grado]] and [[Old-Aquileia]].<br />
<br />
The diocese of [[Como]] was originally a suffragan of Milan, but by the mid 6th century, prompted by its disagreement with the reconciliation of Milan, Como renounced its connection with Milan and passed to being a suffragan to Aquileia, a situation which lasted until 1751. Moreover until 1597, Como continued celebrating the [[Aquileian Rite]] persisting in this even a year after that Rite had been abandoned at Aquileia itself and desisting only when the Pope ordered Como to abandon it, despite resistance.<br />
<br />
==Reconciliation with Rome==<br />
<br />
The schism had deepened along political, Lombard-Roman lines. The [[Ireland|Irish]] missionary [[Columbanus]], who was ministering to the Lombards in [[Bobbio]] was involved in the first attempt to resolve this division through mediation between 612 and 615. [[Agilulf]], [[Lombards#Historic Kings of the Lombards|King]] of the [[Lombards]], persuaded him to address a letter on the schism to [[Boniface IV]]. He tells the pope that he is suspect of heresy for accepting the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] (the Second Council of [[Constantinople]] in 553), and exhorts him to summon a council and prove his orthodoxy.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Pope St. Boniface IV}}</ref><br />
<br />
Historian [[Edward Gibbon]] theorized that [[Pope Honorius I]] reconciled the Patriarch to Rome in 638, although this did not last.<ref>Footnote 98, {{cite book|author=Edward Gibbon|author-link=Edward Gibbon|title=Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|page=794|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy8OAAAAQAAJ&dq=Schism%20of%20the%20Three%20Chapters&pg=PA794|year=1837}}</ref><br />
<br />
As the schism lost its vigour, the Lombards started to renounce [[Arianism]] and join western apostolic and catholic orthodoxy. The bishop of Old-Aquileia formally ended the schism at the [[Council of Pavia (698)|Synod of Pavia in 698]]. After Old-Aquileia reconciled with Rome, Pope Gregory II granted the [[pallium]] to Patriarch Serenus (715–730) of Aquileia in 723. The division of the [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (Episcopal)|Patriarchate of Aquileia]] into the rival Patriarchies of Aquileia and Grado contributed to the evolution of the [[Patriarch of Grado]] into the present [[Patriarch of Venice]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{Refbegin|2}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|author-link=John Meyendorff|title=Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.|year=1989|location=Crestwood, NY|publisher=St. Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=9780881410563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Price|first=Richard M.|chapter=The Three Chapters Controversy and the Council of Chalcedon |title=The Crisis of the Oikoumene: The Three Chapters and the Failed Quest for Unity in the Sixth-century Mediterranean|year=2007|location=Turnhout|publisher=Brepols|pages=17–37|isbn=9782503515205 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MufYAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Sotinel|first=Claire|chapter=The Three Chapters and the Transformations of Italy |title=The Crisis of the Oikoumene: The Three Chapters and the Failed Quest for Unity in the Sixth-century Mediterranean|year=2007|location=Turnhout|publisher=Brepols|pages=85–120|isbn=9782503515205 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MufYAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schism Of The Three Chapters}}<br />
[[Category:Schisms in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Patriarchate of Aquileia]]<br />
[[Category:6th century in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:7th century in Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:6th century in Italy]]<br />
[[Category:7th century in Italy]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_(raccoon)&diff=562203Rebecca (raccoon)2026-09-16T06:55:21Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "{{Short description|Presidential pet raccoon}} {{Use American English|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox animal | name = Rebecca | image = File:Grace Coolidge and Rebecca.jpg | image_upright = | caption = First Lady Grace Coolidge holding Rebecca | other_name = | species = Raccoon | breed = | sex = Female | birth_name = <!-- (or hatch_name= value; for non-mammals) --> | birth_date = <!-- (or hatch_date= value; for non-mammals) --> | birth_place = Mississippi, U.S. | deat..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Presidential pet raccoon}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox animal<br />
| name = Rebecca<br />
| image = File:Grace Coolidge and Rebecca.jpg<br />
| image_upright = <br />
| caption = First Lady Grace Coolidge holding Rebecca<br />
| other_name = <br />
| species = Raccoon<br />
| breed = <br />
| sex = Female<br />
| birth_name = <!-- (or hatch_name= value; for non-mammals) --><br />
| birth_date = <!-- (or hatch_date= value; for non-mammals) --><br />
| birth_place = [[Mississippi]], U.S.<br />
| death_date = {{circa}} 1929<br />
| death_place = [[Washington D.C.]], U.S.<br />
| death_cause = <br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --><br />
| occupation = <br />
| employer = <br />
| role = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| tricks = <br />
| awards = <br />
| title = White House Raccoon<ref name="WHHA" /><br />
| term = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = <br />
| owner = [[Calvin Coolidge]]<br>[[Grace Coolidge]]<br />
| residence = [[White House]] (1926-1929)<br><br />
[[National Zoological Park (United States)|Rock Creek Park]] (1929; until death)<br />
| parents = <br />
| mate = Rueben (attempted)<br />
| offspring = <br />
| weight = <br />
| height = <br />
| appearance = <br />
| named_after = <br />
| module = <br />
| module2 = <br />
| module3 = <br />
| module4 = <br />
| module5 = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Rebecca''' was a [[raccoon]] kept as a pet by US president [[Calvin Coolidge]] and First Lady [[Grace Coolidge]].<br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
Rebecca was born in [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{citation|title=Silent Cal's Almanack: The Homespun Wit and Wisdom of Vermont's Calvin Coolidge|first=David|last=Pietrusza|year=2008|page=195}}</ref> She had been sent to the White House to be served for the 1926 [[Thanksgiving dinner]]. Since the 1913 death of Horace Vose, the [[National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation|traditional provider of the White House Thanksgiving turkey]], numerous farmers sent animals for Thanksgiving dinner. In 1926, a Mississippi supporter sent Rebecca.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raccoons at the White House |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/raccoons-at-the-white-house |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=WHHA (en-US) |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928164945/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/raccoons-at-the-white-house |url-status=live }}</ref> Coolidge, who had never eaten raccoon and had no appetite to try it, kept Rebecca as a pet instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/white-house-thanksgiving-turkeys-in-the-roaring-20s|title=White House Thanksgiving Turkeys in the Roaring '20s|first=Jennifer|last=Giambrone|work=White House Historical Association|date=November 19, 2015|access-date=November 18, 2021|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119001024/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/white-house-thanksgiving-turkeys-in-the-roaring-20s|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
For Christmas, an embroidered collar was made for Rebecca, inscribed with the title "White House Raccoon". She enjoyed participating in the annual White House [[Easter egg roll]].<ref name="WHHA" /> She was fed [[shrimp]] and [[persimmon]]s, and [[Egg as food|eggs]] were a favorite.<ref name="coolidge-pets"/> Rebecca was let loose in the White House and walked on a leash outdoors. At times, she could be mischievous and was known to unscrew lightbulbs, open cabinets, and unpot houseplants.<ref name="Truman">{{citation|title=The President's House: 1800 to the Present|first=Margaret|last=Truman|publisher=Random House|year=2007|isbn=9780307417312|page=150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIvmzQ33sm0C&pg=PT150}}</ref> She was known to nestle in Coolidge's lap when he sat by the fireplace.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Powell |first=J. Mark |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Cal Coolidge's crazy White House raccoon |newspaper=Jacksonville Journal-Courier |url=https://www.myjournalcourier.com/news/article/holy-cow-history-17622148.php }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><br />
<br />
As First Lady Grace wrote:<ref name="coolidge-pets">{{cite web|last1=Pietrusza|first1=David|authorlink1=David Pietrusza|title="Wombats and Such": Calvin and Grace Coolidge and Their Pets|url=http://www.davidpietrusza.com/coolidge-pets.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203004613/https://davidpietrusza.com/coolidge-pets.html|archive-date=3 February 2018| website=www.davidpietrusza.com|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref><br />
{{quote|We had a house made for her in one of the large trees, with a wire fence built around it for protection. We kept her chained when out of doors, but in the house she had her liberty. She was a mischievous, inquisitive party and we had to keep watch of her when she was in the house. She enjoyed nothing better than being placed in a bathtub with a little water in it and given a cake of soap with which to play. In this fashion she would amuse herself for an hour or more.}}[[File:Mrs. Coolidge & raccoon (Rebecca), Easter egg rolling, 4-18-27 LCCN2016842994 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mrs. Coolidge and Rebecca, at the White House Easter egg roll, 1927]]As a companion for Rebecca, Rueben, a male raccoon, was acquired by a White House police officer. However, Rebecca and Rueben did not get along. Rueben frequently escaped, being recovered by White House staff;<ref name="WHHA" /> one such instance created a traffic jam.<ref name=":1" /> He ultimately disappeared without a trace.<ref name="WHHA" /><ref name="coolidge-pets" /><ref name=":1" /> Grace Coolidge wrote about the incident:<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGraw |first1=Eliza |date=November 25, 2019 |title=This raccoon could have been a president's Thanksgiving meal. It became a White House pet instead. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/11/25/this-raccoon-could-have-been-presidents-thanksgiving-meal-it-became-white-house-pet-instead/ |access-date=25 November 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><br />
{{quote|Rebecca had lived alone and had her own way so long that I fear she was a little overbearing and dictatorial, perhaps reminding her spouse that he was living on her bounty. [Afterward, Rebecca] continued to live in single blessedness.}}<br />
<br />
In March 1927, during a [[White House]] renovation, Coolidge brought Rebecca to his temporary quarters in a [[Dupont Circle]] mansion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Christopher|date=November 18, 2016|title=The Thanksgiving Raccoon That Became a Presidential Pet|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-thanksgiving-raccoon-that-became-a-presidential-pet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630151126/https://www.history.com/news/the-thanksgiving-raccoon-that-became-a-presidential-pet|archive-date=2022-06-30|access-date=2020-11-08|website=HISTORY|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> When the Coolidges took a vacation in the [[Black Hills]], they brought Rebecca along in a basket, together with two of their dogs,<ref>{{citation|title=Calvin Coolidge in the Black Hills|first=Seth|last=Tupper|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9781625857668|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kLFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT37}}</ref> [[Rob Roy (dog)|Rob Roy]] and Prudence Prim as well as five canaries on the 1,800-mile railroad journey.<ref name="WHHA">{{cite web |last1=Costello |first1=Matthew |title=Raccoons at the White House |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/raccoons-at-the-white-house |website=The White House Historical Association |date=June 8, 2018 |accessdate=19 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928164945/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/raccoons-at-the-white-house |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In preparation for leaving the White House at the end of the president's term in 1929, the Coolidges donated Rebecca to the zoological quarters in Rock Creek Park (now the [[National Zoological Park (United States)|National Zoo]]) in Washington, DC.<ref name="WHHA" /><ref>{{citation|last=Otfinoski|first=Steven|title=Raccoons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcqU9T8yrvkC&pg=PA34|page=34|year=2010|series=Animals Animals|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761448419}}</ref> Rebecca died shortly after.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
[[Herbert Hoover]] was next to occupy the White House; soon thereafter, a wild [[opossum]] moved into Rebecca's vacant tree-house and was adopted by the Hoovers and was named Billy Possum.<ref name="WHHA" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dessem|first=Matthew|date=2021-01-31|title=The Best (and Worst) Presidential Pets in American History, Ranked|url=https://slate.com/culture/2021/01/presidential-pets-best-ever-ranked.html|access-date=2021-01-31|website=Slate Magazine|language=en|archive-date=2022-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730192531/https://slate.com/culture/2021/01/presidential-pets-best-ever-ranked.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[United States presidential pets]]<br />
* [[National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1920s animal births]]<br />
[[Category:1920s animal deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Raccoons in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Calvin Coolidge]]<br />
[[Category:United States presidential pets]]<br />
[[Category:Individual animals in Mississippi]]<br />
[[Category:Individual raccoons]]<br />
[[Category:Coolidge family]]<br />
[[Category:National Zoological Park (United States)]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562197Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T06:02:05Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=International Journal of History publication on Raja Gursahai Singh<br />
|url=https://google/UDgXpOlkWNpZ8qQvg<br />
|website=International Journal of History<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Chopra<br />
|first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref> He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref name="Chopra1982">{{cite book<br />
|editor-last=Chopra<br />
|editor-first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref> and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref>. He was succeeded<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Pilania<br />
|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/Palania<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> by his grandson<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=ResearchGate publication on Raja Gursahai Singh<br />
|url=https://google/55GGDiLVktS3Jty2p<br />
|website=ResearchGate<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562195Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:56:56Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Chopra<br />
|first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref> He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref name="Chopra1982">{{cite book<br />
|editor-last=Chopra<br />
|editor-first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref> and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref>. He was succeeded<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Pilania<br />
|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/Palania<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562194Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:52:41Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Chopra<br />
|first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref> He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref name="Chopra1982">{{cite book<br />
|editor-last=Chopra<br />
|editor-first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref> and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref>. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562193Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:48:46Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Chopra<br />
|first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref name="Etienne1968">{{cite book<br />
|last=Etienne<br />
|first=Gilbert<br />
|title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible<br />
|publisher=University of California Press<br />
|year=1968<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=0520003934<br />
}}</ref>. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562192Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:43:21Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Chopra<br />
|first=Pran Nath<br />
|title=Religions and Communities of India<br />
|publisher=Vision Books<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1982<br />
|page=110<br />
|isbn=9780391027480<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562189Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:12:34Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Bates<br />
|first=Crispin<br />
|title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publishing India<br />
|year=2013<br />
|isbn=9788132115892<br />
|page=130<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562185Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:05:09Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562184Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T05:04:52Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562181Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T04:52:45Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562179Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T04:49:52Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref>. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562177Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T04:46:24Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Pilania<br />
|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/Palania<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service.<ref>{{cite report<br />
|last=Choudhary<br />
|first=Harsh<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|publisher=School of Heritage Research and Management, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Pilania<br />
|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/Palania<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562176Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T04:41:53Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh'''<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahar<br />
|url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar<br />
|website=Studio Dharma<br />
|date=28 December 2020<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Sustaining Dharohar: A Study of the Jat Heritage in Bulandshahr District<br />
|url=https://aud.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/dharohar_e-magazine_iii.pdf<br />
|website=Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Pilania<br />
|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/Palania<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=16 September 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562175Gursahai Singh2026-09-16T04:34:41Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}<br />
'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unchagaon Fort |url=https://vushii.com/place.php?name=Unchagaon+fort |website=Vushii |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]] clan of [[Jats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fort of Unchagaon, Bulandshahr |url=https://www.studiodharma.in/the-fort-of-unchagaon-bulandshahar |website=Studio Dharma |access-date=16 September 2026 }}</ref> He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon branch of the Pilania family. He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Unchagaon&diff=562170Fort Unchagaon2026-09-16T01:31:11Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Fort Unchagaon''' is a fort 110 km from Delhi in the village of [[Unchagaon]], west of [[Bulandshahr district]], India. [[British Raj|British authorities in India]] gifted it to [[Gursahai Singh|Raja Gursahai Singh]] as a reward for his loyalty during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], and it was later inherited by his grand nephew [[Surendra Pal Singh]] at the age of ten-years.<ref name=Bus2010>{{cite book |title=Business India |date=4 April 2010 |publisher=A. H. Advani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcIiAQAAMAAJ|language=en|page=136}}</ref><ref name=IT2007>{{cite book |title=India Today |date=2007 |publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited |page=20 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/India_Today/Ek5DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=fort+uchagaon&dq=fort+uchagaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Singh2006>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Ranjeni A. |title=Unchagaon: Cut off from the world |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/unchagaon-cut-off-from-the-world/articleshow/1479613.cms |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=6 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429133903/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/unchagaon-cut-off-from-the-world/articleshow/1479613.cms |archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=Etienne1966>{{cite book |last1=Etienne |first1=Gilbert |title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible |date=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=106 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9qlKnJYKHMC&pg=PA106 |language=en |chapter=11. The Panchayat and local affairs}}</ref><ref name=Gaz1878>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh: N to Z |date=1878 |publisher=North-Western and Oudh Government |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srnatmTxywMC&pg=PA486|page=486 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Bates2013>{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Crispin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, gate.jpg|Gate<br />
File:Cannon, Unchagaon Fort.jpg|Cannon<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon lawns.jpg|Lawns<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, courtyard.jpg|Courtyard<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, living room2.jpg|Living room<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of forts in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{cite web |title=The Fort Unchagaon |url=https://fortunchagaon.com |website=www.fortunchagaon.com |access-date=28 April 2023 |language=en}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bulandshahr district]]<br />
[[Category:Forts in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
{{India-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562163Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T19:33:49Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his grandson [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562162Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T19:30:33Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562161Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T19:23:25Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in the present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
|title=[[Unchagaon]] Ruler<br />
|before=[[British Raj]]<br />
|after=[[Karan Singh of Unchagaon]]<br />
|years=1857 &ndash; 1898<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gursahai Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian zamindars]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh history]]<br />
[[Category:Pilania]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562158Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T19:06:14Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in the present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562151Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T19:01:05Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in the present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gursahai_Singh&diff=562149Gursahai Singh2026-09-15T18:08:32Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikiwand |url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS |website=Wikiwand |access-date=15 September 2026 |language=en }}</ref> in the present-day Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh, India. He was from the Pilania<ref>{{cite web |title=Jatland Wiki |url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe |website=Jatland Wiki |access-date=15 September 2026 |language=en }}</ref> clan of Jats..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Raja Gursahai Singh''' was the ruler and zamindar of [[Unchagaon]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Wikiwand<br />
|url=https://google/bEvxDtxiwoQkaADBS<br />
|website=Wikiwand<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in the present-day [[Bulandshahr district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was from the [[Pilania]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> clan of [[Jats]]. He supported the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and was granted the Unchagaon estate<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Crunchbase<br />
|url=https://google/coTYNgwQORMold0kI<br />
|website=Crunchbase<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> in recognition of his service. He established the Unchagaon<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Vushii<br />
|url=https://google/GK2etbWuNqODnn5Zq<br />
|website=Vushii<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> branch of the Pilania family.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Jatland Wiki<br />
|url=https://google/TSxcgX2uzk219lzAe<br />
|website=Jatland Wiki<br />
|access-date=15 September 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son [[Raja Karan Singh Pilania]].<br />
<br />
==Reference==</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandhu&diff=562148Sandhu2026-09-15T17:40:20Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "The '''Sandhu''' or '''Sindhu''' clan (Punjabi: ਸੰਧੂ (Gurmukhi); سندھو (Shahmukhi)) is the second-largest clan of Jats in the Punjab, spanning both India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanks |first1=Patrick |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |date=17 November 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-252747-9 |page=2331 |url=https://..."</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Sandhu''' or '''Sindhu''' clan (Punjabi: ਸੰਧੂ (Gurmukhi); سندھو (Shahmukhi)) is the second-largest clan of [[Jats]] in the [[Punjab]], spanning both [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanks |first1=Patrick |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |date=17 November 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-252747-9 |page=2331 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AyDDQAAQBAJ&dq=Dhaliwal&pg=PA2331 |quote=Sandhu or Sindhu: The Sindhus are the second largest Jat tribe in the Panjab}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles |first=Khushwant |last=Singh |author-link=Khushwant Singh |publisher=Penguin UK |year=2009 |isbn=978-8-18475-241-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cADAQAAQBAJ&q=Sandhu+Jats&pg=PT193 |page=193 |quote=Now that caste has raised its ugly head, many have reattached caste names like Randhawa, Brar, Gill, Sandhu, Sidhu (all sikh agriculturist tribes) ...}}</ref> The Sandhus have had a significant impact on [[Sikh history]], founding several Sikh states, including the [[Nakai Misl]], [[Shaheedan Misl]], and [[Kanhaiya Misl]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griffin|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63031 |title=History Of Punjab Chifes |date=1889 |quote=The * Kanheya misi was at one time the most , powerful of the. Sikh, confederacies, north of the Satlej. !:Its first leader, was J'ai Singh, the son? of a Sindhu Jat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bhagata|first=Siṅgha|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|year=1993|page= 241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&q=sandhu+jat|quote=Deep Singh Shahid, a Sandhu Jat and resident of the village of Pohuwind of the ''pargana'' of Amritsar, was the founder of this Misal.}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== List of notable people ==<br />
Notable people with the surname, who may or may not be affiliated to the clan, include:<br />
<br />
*[[Arif Nakai]], 12th [[Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan]], direct descendant of the [[Nakai Misl#Nakai Misl Rulers from 1748 to 1810|Nakai misldars]]<br />
*[[Aaqib Javed]], Pakistani cricketer<br />
*[[Avtar Singh Sandhu]], better known as Pash, Indian poet <br />
*[[Baba Deep Singh]] (1682–1757), Sikh martyr<br />
*[[Banita Sandhu]], British-Indian actress<br />
*[[Bhai Bala]] (1466–1544), a companion of [[Guru Nanak]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&dq=bhai+bala+mother&pg=PA28 |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |year=2000 |page=28 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=9788170103011 |access-date=19 August 2022}}</ref><br />
*[[Bhagat Singh]] (1907–1931), Indian revolutionary<br />
*[[Captain Abhimanyu]], former cabinet minister, [[Government of Haryana]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{surname}}<br />
{{Gotras of Jats|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of India|Punjab]]<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of Punjab]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=560121Pilania2026-09-09T04:32:09Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan Founded in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh States in India.<ref>{{cite book<br />
|editor=Vir Singh<br />
|title=The Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India<br />
|volume=2<br />
|publisher=Originals<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=2004<br />
|isbn=9788188629510<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|title=Jat Clans of Rajasthan: Khokhar, Nain, Manda, Legha, Beniwal, Sehrawat, Jakhar, Phogat, Puniya, Burdak, Nehra, Dhaka, Takshak Clan, Mor<br />
|author=Source Wikipedia<br />
|publisher=Books LLC<br />
|year=2010<br />
|isbn=9781155912202<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Dahiya<br />
|first=B. S.<br />
|title=Jats, the Ancient Rulers: A Clan Study<br />
|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1980<br />
|isbn=9788120710283<br />
}}</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include:==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
* [[Priyanka Pilaniya]] is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player.<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Gotras of Jats}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of Rajasthan]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552583Pilania2026-08-01T07:58:47Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan Founded in Rajasthan, Hariyana and Uttar Pradesh States in India.<ref>{{cite book<br />
|editor=Vir Singh<br />
|title=The Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India<br />
|volume=2<br />
|publisher=Originals<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=2004<br />
|isbn=9788188629510<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|title=Jat Clans of Rajasthan: Khokhar, Nain, Manda, Legha, Beniwal, Sehrawat, Jakhar, Phogat, Puniya, Burdak, Nehra, Dhaka, Takshak Clan, Mor<br />
|author=Source Wikipedia<br />
|publisher=Books LLC<br />
|year=2010<br />
|isbn=9781155912202<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Dahiya<br />
|first=B. S.<br />
|title=Jats, the Ancient Rulers: A Clan Study<br />
|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1980<br />
|isbn=9788120710283<br />
}}</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include:==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
* [[Priyanka Pilaniya]] is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player.<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Gotras of Jats}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of Rajasthan]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kala_Mehar&diff=552580Kala Mehar2026-08-01T07:20:48Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "'''Kala Mehar''', also spelt as '''Kala Mihr''',<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Dogra|first=Ramesh Chander|title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture|last2=Mansukhani|first2=Gobind Singh|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|year=1995|isbn=978-0-7069-9499-5|pages=236–237|chapter=Jathera Worship}}</ref> is the ''jathera'' (ancestor-figure) for the Sandhu clan of Jats.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gill |first=Kamalpreet Singh |date=3 July 2..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Kala Mehar''', also spelt as '''Kala Mihr''',<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Dogra|first=Ramesh Chander|title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture|last2=Mansukhani|first2=Gobind Singh|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|year=1995|isbn=978-0-7069-9499-5|pages=236–237|chapter=Jathera Worship}}</ref> is the ''[[jathera]]'' (ancestor-figure) for the [[Sandhu]] [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Jats]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gill |first=Kamalpreet Singh |date=3 July 2021 |title=The practice of jathera worship in Punjab: A case study of jathera Baba Kala Mehar Sandhu in Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2020.1844459 |journal=Sikh Formations |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2020.1844459 |issn=1744-8727 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Bhatti |first=Harvinder Singh |title=Folk Religion: Change and Continuity - The Units of Descent |publisher=Rawat Publications |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-7033-608-2 |page=22 |chapter=2 Society and Religion in Punjab}}</ref> He is also known as '''Kala Pir'''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Jhutti |first=Sundeep Singh |date=October 2003 |title=The Getes: A Jat Portfolio |url=https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp127_getes.pdf |journal=Sino-Platonic Papers <!-- |chapter=Ancestor Worship --> |location=Philadelphia, United States |publisher=Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania |issue=127 |pages=36–38 |issn=21579679 |eissn=21579687}}</ref> According to [[Hagiography|hagiographical]] accounts, he was originally a leader of the Sandhus, who later began worshipping him.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Sandhu |first=Kulwinder |date=29 October 2008 |title=Thousands throng Baba Kala Mehar temple: In a unique tradition, devotees offer liquor to the deity to propitiate him |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081030/bathinda.htm#6 |access-date=14 March 2026 |work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Local lore claims Kala Mehar had an antagonistic relationship with the [[Bhatti|Muslim Bhatti]] clan, who supposedly decapidated Kala Mehar in a fight but he went-on fighting miracously.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> He is portrayed as a [[Cattle in religion and mythology|protector of cows]] who possessed a magical buffalo.<ref name=":0" /> Popular iconography of Kala Mehar bears Sikh influences and he is depicted similarly to [[Gogaji|Gugga]] or [[Baba Deep Singh]].<ref name=":0" /> <br />
<br />
The worship of Kala Mehar has become popularized and spread beyond the Sandhu Jats, with him being venerated not only by them but also other caste groups. Furthermore, worship is not confined to Punjab but can also be found in some areas of Rajasthan and Haryana.<ref name=":0" /> However, the hagiographies on Kala Mehar differ between Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" /> <br />
<br />
== Tale ==<br />
According to what can be deciphered from the various accounts on Kala Mehar, the lore on his life can be summarized as follows: He was born as Kala Sandhu to a Jat father who prayed to the ''[[Panj peer|Panj Pir]]'' quintet for a son via the Mirasis.<ref name=":0" /> According to one narration, he was originally from the Lahore region and a cattle-thief.<ref name=":2" /> The story claims he was acquainted with [[Gorakhnath]] and magically produced milk from a non-lactating buffalo for Gorakhnath.<ref name=":0" /> In-return, Gorakhnath predicted he would become a warrior and bestowed him with the ''Mehar'' ("giver of miracles") title, henceforth he was known as ''Kala Mehar''.<ref name=":0" /> Kala Mehar's magical buffalo was stolen by the Muslim Bhattis of the region, thus they came into conflict with one another.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
According to the legend, Kala Mehar never closed his eyes to sleep, so the Muslim Bhattis had to kill him to steal the magical bovine.<ref name=":0" /> The Bhattis tried to learn the secret on how to slay Kala Mehar from his Muslim Mirasi companion Siddh Jivan, but he refused to give-up any intel, so they learnt how from the Brahmin cook on how to kill Kala Mehar.<ref name=":0" /> They decapitated Kala Mehar but he kept fighting the Bhattis despite not having a head, although his companion Siddh Jivan was killed in the fight with the Bhattis.<ref name=":0" /> After fighting, the headless body of Kala Mehar was riding on a horse until a woman dyeing clothes with indigo (''neel'') on the bank of a forest (''bir'') sprinkled neel on the headless body to calm it, causing the headless corpse to collapse.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Gill|first=Kamalpreet Singh|date=3 July 2021|title=The practice of jathera worship in Punjab: A case study of jathera Baba Kala Mehar Sandhu in Faridkot, Punjab|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2020.1844459|journal=Sikh Formations|language=en|volume=17|issue=3|pages=311–333|doi=10.1080/17448727.2020.1844459|issn=1744-8727|url-access=subscription}}</ref> News reached the Panj Pir and Gorakhnath and their followers, who convened at Bir Sikhanwala.<ref name=":03" /> Gorakhnath's followers wanted to cremate the remains of Kala Mehar as per [[Indian religions|Indic]] customs whilst the followers of the Panj Pir wanted to bury it as per the customs of [[Islam]].<ref name=":0" /> However, the corpse of Kala Mehar disappeared while they were debating on how to dispose of the remains and only the bricks it had laid-on remained behind, with a voice from above commanding them that all donations dedicated to his shrine be given to the Mirasis and not to Brahmins.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Shrines ==<br />
[[File:Sandhu Family Ancestor Worship Ritual.jpg|thumb|Ancestor worship ritual to bless newly weds at the shrine of Kala Mehar, including alcohol-based offerings]]<br />
There are a number of ancestral-shrines dedicated to him. A shrine dedicated to him is located at Bhakna village near Amritsar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagga |first=Neeraj |date=12 June 2025 |title=The Punjab village that history almost forgot |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/the-village-that-history-almost-forgot/ |access-date=14 March 2026 |work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=11 July 2005 |title=Frescoes in ancient Hindu temple damaged |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050712/main7.htm |access-date=14 March 2026 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> The largest shrine dedicated to him is located in the [[Sacred groves of India|sacred-grove]] of [[Bir Sikhanwala (sacred grove)|Bir Sikhanwala.]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Sandhu |first=Kulwinder |date=30 October 2008 |title=A temple where liquor is offered as prasad |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081031/punjab1.htm#4 |access-date=27 June 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> At the Sikhanwala shrine, a unique practice of offering alcohol to the jathara as ''[[Prasada|prashad]]'' takes place.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> The first milk of a cow is offered to him.<ref name=":034">{{Cite book |last=Dogra |first=Ramesh Chander |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture |last2=Mansukhani |first2=Gobind Singh |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-7069-9499-5 |page=89 |chapter=Bhumiya}}</ref> At one of his shrines, [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] are banned from receiving offerings and only [[Mirasi|Mirasis]] can take the offerings.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":0" /> Annually on the ''masya'' (night of no moon) of the month of ''[[Chet (month)|Chet]]'' (March-April) Mirasis perform at the shrine and Kala Mehar and are given monetary donations and gifts by devotees.<ref name=":0" /> The Kala Mehar Sandhu Charitable Society is a namesake organization.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
[[Category:Jat]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552515List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-31T02:12:39Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
* Unchagaon estate <ref>[https://google/OPveU9WYlkRL8rMd4 Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website ] www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).</ref> <ref name=Bates2013>{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Crispin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|language=en}}</ref>(18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
* Bahanpur estate<ref>{{cite journal<br />
|last=<br />
|first=<br />
|title=A Study of Bahanpur Haveli and Unchagaon Fort<br />
|journal=International Journal of History<br />
|volume=<br />
|issue=<br />
|pages=<br />
|year=<br />
|publisher=International Journal of History<br />
|url=https://www.historyjournal.net/<br />
|format=PDF<br />
|access-date=31 July 2026<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|author=Sahil Singh Baliyan :<br />
|title=Pilania Zamindars of Bahanpur and Unchagaon<br />
|url=https://jatchiefs.com/zamindari/unchagaon/<br />
|website=Jat Chiefs Office website <br />
|publisher=Sahil Singh<br />
|language=en<br />
|type=<br />
|access-date=31 July 2026<br />
|url-status=live<br />
}}</ref>(18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552514List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-31T01:30:52Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
* Unchagaon estate <ref>[https://google/OPveU9WYlkRL8rMd4 Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website ] www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).</ref> <ref name=Bates2013>{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Crispin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|language=en}}</ref>(18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
* Bahanpur estate<ref>{{cite journal<br />
|last=<br />
|first=<br />
|title=A Study of Bahanpur Haveli and Unchagaon Fort<br />
|journal=International Journal of History<br />
|volume=<br />
|issue=<br />
|pages=<br />
|year=<br />
|publisher=International Journal of History<br />
|url=https://www.historyjournal.net/<br />
|format=PDF<br />
|access-date=31 July 2026<br />
}}</ref>(18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Unchagaon&diff=552472Fort Unchagaon2026-07-29T02:18:10Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
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<div>'''Fort Unchagaon''' is a fort 110 km from Delhi in the village of [[Unchagaon]], west of [[Bulandshahr district]], India. [[British Raj|British authorities in India]] gifted it to Raja Gursahai Singh as a reward for his loyalty during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], and it was later inherited by his grand nephew [[Surendra Pal Singh]] at the age of ten-years.<ref name=Bus2010>{{cite book |title=Business India |date=4 April 2010 |publisher=A. H. Advani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcIiAQAAMAAJ|language=en|page=136}}</ref><ref name=IT2007>{{cite book |title=India Today |date=2007 |publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited |page=20 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/India_Today/Ek5DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=fort+uchagaon&dq=fort+uchagaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Singh2006>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Ranjeni A. |title=Unchagaon: Cut off from the world |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/unchagaon-cut-off-from-the-world/articleshow/1479613.cms |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=6 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429133903/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/unchagaon-cut-off-from-the-world/articleshow/1479613.cms |archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=Etienne1966>{{cite book |last1=Etienne |first1=Gilbert |title=Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible |date=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=106 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9qlKnJYKHMC&pg=PA106 |language=en |chapter=11. The Panchayat and local affairs}}</ref><ref name=Gaz1878>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh: N to Z |date=1878 |publisher=North-Western and Oudh Government |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srnatmTxywMC&pg=PA486|page=486 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Bates2013>{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Crispin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, gate.jpg|Gate<br />
File:Cannon, Unchagaon Fort.jpg|Cannon<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon lawns.jpg|Lawns<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, courtyard.jpg|Courtyard<br />
File:The Fort Unchagaon, living room2.jpg|Living room<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of forts in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{cite web |title=The Fort Unchagaon |url=https://fortunchagaon.com |website=www.fortunchagaon.com |access-date=28 April 2023 |language=en}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bulandshahr district]]<br />
[[Category:Forts in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
{{India-stub}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552449Pilania2026-07-28T06:44:34Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
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<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan Founded in Rajasthan, Hariyana and Uttar Pradesh States in India<ref>{{cite book<br />
|editor=Vir Singh<br />
|title=The Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India<br />
|volume=2<br />
|publisher=Originals<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=2004<br />
|isbn=9788188629510<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|title=Jat Clans of Rajasthan: Khokhar, Nain, Manda, Legha, Beniwal, Sehrawat, Jakhar, Phogat, Puniya, Burdak, Nehra, Dhaka, Takshak Clan, Mor<br />
|author=Source Wikipedia<br />
|publisher=Books LLC<br />
|year=2010<br />
|isbn=9781155912202<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Dahiya<br />
|first=B. S.<br />
|title=Jats, the Ancient Rulers: A Clan Study<br />
|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1980<br />
|isbn=9788120710283<br />
}}</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include:==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
* [[Priyanka Pilaniya]] is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player.<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Gotras of Jats}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jat clans of Rajasthan]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552448Pilania2026-07-28T06:15:02Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan Founded in Rajasthan, Hariyana and Uttar Pradesh States in India<ref>{{cite book<br />
|editor=Vir Singh<br />
|title=The Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India<br />
|volume=2<br />
|publisher=Originals<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=2004<br />
|isbn=9788188629510<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|title=Jat Clans of Rajasthan: Khokhar, Nain, Manda, Legha, Beniwal, Sehrawat, Jakhar, Phogat, Puniya, Burdak, Nehra, Dhaka, Takshak Clan, Mor<br />
|author=Source Wikipedia<br />
|publisher=Books LLC<br />
|year=2010<br />
|isbn=9781155912202<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Dahiya<br />
|first=B. S.<br />
|title=Jats, the Ancient Rulers: A Clan Study<br />
|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.<br />
|location=New Delhi<br />
|year=1980<br />
|isbn=9788120710283<br />
}}</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include:==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
* [[Priyanka Pilaniya]] is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player.<br />
<br />
== Reference==</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552079List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-12T17:19:25Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
* Unchagaon estate <ref>[https://google/OPveU9WYlkRL8rMd4 Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website ] www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).</ref> <ref name=Bates2013>{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Crispin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|language=en}}</ref>(18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552078List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-12T17:15:56Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
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<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
* Unchagaon estate <ref>[https://google/OPveU9WYlkRL8rMd4 Unchagaon Jat Chiefs Website ] www.jatchiefs.com official website 2025 (History).</ref> (18th-century to 1947, Pilania)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552077List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-12T17:05:05Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states&diff=552076List of Jat dynasties and states2026-07-12T17:01:34Z<p>HHZy7: Created page with "This article is a list of '''Jat''' dynasties, states, and princely states. The Jats are a traditionally agricultural community spread out across Pakistan and Northern India, specifically in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Western UP, Sindh, and AJK. During the medieval and colonial eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area. File:Surajmal ja..."</p>
<hr />
<div>This article is a list of '''[[Jat]]''' [[dynasties]], [[sovereign state|states]], and [[princely states]]. The Jats are a traditionally [[agricultural]] community spread out across [[Pakistan]] and [[Northern India]], specifically in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Western UP]], [[Sindh]], and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]. During the [[Medieval India|medieval]] and [[British Raj|colonial]] eras, Jat clans established themselves throughout this area.<br />
[[File:Surajmal jat.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Suraj Mal|Surajmal]], ruler of [[Bharatpur State]] at its zenith]]<br />
[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lion of the Punjab.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]<br />
<br />
==List of dynasties and states==<br />
Following is a list of Jat dynasties and states, along with the clan origin and years of rule.<br />
===Dynasties===<br />
*[[Rohilla dynasty]]<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. "Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ..."</ref><ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118">{{cite book |last=Irvine |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=1971 |page=118 |quote=Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan. |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."</ref> (Nain clan; Rohilla by adoption)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |language=en}}</ref><br />
**[[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] (1721-1774)<br />
**[[Rampur State]] (1774-1947)<br />
*[[Phulkian dynasty]]<ref>D. A. Low (1991). D. A. Low (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=phulkian%20misl%20sidhu%20Jat&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan]. Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}.</ref><ref>Bengal, Asiatic Society of (1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]. Soc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127112947/https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pJAAAAcAAJ&q=that+of+phool+and+maraj#v=snippet&q=that%20of%20phool%20and%20maraj&f=false Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024.</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 The encyclopaedia of Sikhism]. Vol. 3. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 336–337. {{ISBN|0-8364-2883-8}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 29703420]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155458/https://search.worldcat.org/title/29703420 Archived] from the original on 8 March 2024.</ref> (Sidhu-Brar, claimed [[Bhati Rajputs|Bhati Rajput]] origin)<br />
**[[Patiala State]] (1762-1947)<br />
**[[Nabha State]] (1763-1947)<br />
**[[Faridkot State]] (1763-1948)<br />
**[[Jind State]] (1763-1948)<br />
*[[Majithia family]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rekhi |first=Gurnam Singh |url=https://gurmatveechar.com/books/English_Books/Sir.Sundar.Singh.Rekhi.by.Gurnam.Singh.%28GurmatVeechar.com%29.pdf |title=Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and His Relevance in Sikh Politics |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1999 |page=15 |quote=...the small village of Majithia (near Amritsar)—which the family of Sir Sundar Singh, of Shergill clan among the Jat Sikhs—had adopted as their surname, could also be proud of its illustrious Sardars.}}</ref> (Shergill)<br />
*[[Maulaheri Jats|Mauleheri family]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&q=maulaheri%20jats&pg=PA184 | title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India| isbn=9780521297707| last1=Stokes| first1=Eric| year=1978| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> (Panwar)<br />
<br />
===States===<br />
*[[Gohad State]] (1505-1805) <br />
*[[Dholpur State]] (1805-1947)<br />
*[[Hathras#History|Hathras]] State (1712-1947)<br />
* [[Mursan]] State (1735-1947)<br />
*[[Bharatpur State]]<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees An Advanced History of Modern India]. Macmillan. p. 420. {{ISBN|978-0-230-32885-3}}.</ref><ref>Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Singh, Mohan (1975). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052551 A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System]". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (3): 717. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/34/3/717/329562/A-Bureaucratic-Lineage-in-Princely-India-Elite?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10.2307/2052551]. [[ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0021-9118 0021-9118]. [[JSTOR]] [https://jstor.org/stable/2052551 2052551]. "Bharatpur and Dholpur was the Jat states."</ref> (1722-1947, Sinsinwar)<br />
*9 out of the 12 [[Sikh Misls]] (1748-1799):<br />
**[[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=bhangi+misl+Jat|last=Sidhu|first=Kuldip Singh|publisher=National Book Shop|year=1994|isbn=978-8-171-1-61652|pages=204|title=Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> (Dhillon)<br />
**[[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=KANaHiYA+Misl+Sindhu+Jat|title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|year=1980|pages=552|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nakai Misl|Nakai Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2BDAAAAYAAJ&q=Nakai+sandhu+Jat|title=The Advanced Study in History of the Punjab, Volume 1|last=Chhabra|first=G. S. |publisher=Sharanjit|year=1960|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Nishanwalia Misl|Nishanwalia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&q=Nishanvalia+Misl+Gill+Jat|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-810-8-63446|pages=330|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Shergill & Gill)<br />
**[[Phulkian Misl|Phulkian Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=phulkian+misl+sidhu+Jat&pg=PA35|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|isbn=9781349115563|editor=D. A. Low|author=D. A. Low|year=1991|page=35|publisher=Springer }}</ref> (Sidhu-Brar)<br />
**[[Shaheedan Misl|Shaheedan Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Dip+Singh+Sandhu+Jat|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Sandhu)<br />
**[[Singhpuria Misl|Singhpuria Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Rupnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsxFAQAAIAAJ&q=Nawab+Kapur+Singh+Virk+Jat|author=Punjab (India)|publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery|year=1987|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk)<br />
**[[Singh Krora Misl|Singh Krora Misl]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Virk+Barki|title=history of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram |edition=3, illustrated, revised|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=2001|isbn=978-8-121-5-01651|pages=580|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> (Virk & Dhaliwal)<br />
**[[Sukerchakia Misl|Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Braving the ravages of time |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/braving-the-ravages-of-time-176557 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8erZAAAAMAAJ&q=established+Jat|title=Handbook of Indian Sociology|last=Das|first=Veena|edition=2|publisher=New York|year=2004|access-date=21 July 2021|isbn=978-0-195-6-68315|pages=502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat|last=Gill|first=Surjit S.|publisher=Labuan Sikh Society|year=2003|access-date=7 July 2021|pages=138}}</ref> (Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Kalsia State]]<ref>Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jat Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality]. SAGE Publishing India. {{ISBN|978-81-321-1589-2}}.</ref> (1763-1948, Sandhu) <br />
*[[Kaithal State]]<ref>Low, D. A. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&dq=kaithal+sidhu+jat+chief&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=kaithal%20sidhu%20jat%20chief&f=false Political Inheritance of Pakistan] (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 35. {{ISBN|9781349115563}}. ''"Other Sidhu Jat families established the state of Faridkot, the jagirs of Kaithal and Arnauli, and a host of lesser fiefs."''</ref> (1767-1843, Sidhu)<br />
* [[Ladwa State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxxuAAAAMAAJ&q=ladwa |title=Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty |date=1980 |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |language=en |page=365}}</ref> (1763-1846, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Sikh Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Surjit S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RuAAAAMAAJ&q=curiosity+Jat |title=Sikhs in Sabah and Labuan: A Historical Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Labuan Sikh Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>Arora, A. C. (1984). "Ranjit Singh's Relations with the Jind State". In Singh, Fauja; Arora, A. C. (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDluAAAAMAAJ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society, and Economy]. [[Punjabi University]]. p. [[iarchive:maharajaranjitsi0000unse/page/86/mode/2up|86]]. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-772-5}}. [[OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/557676461 557676461]. "Even before the birth of Ranjit Singh, cordial relations had been established between the Sukarchakia Misal and the Phulkian House of Jind. ... the two Sikh Jat chiefships had cultivated intimate relationship with each other by means of a matrimonial alliance. Maha Singh, the son of the founder of Sukarchakia Misal, Charat Singh, was married to Raj Kaur, the daughter of the founder of the Jind State, Gajpat Singh. The marriage was celebrated in 1774 at Badrukhan, then capital of Jind1, with pomp and grandeur worthy of the two chiefships. ... Ranjit Singh was the offspring of this wedlock."</ref> (1799-1849, Sandhawalia)<br />
*[[Bahawalpur State]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=daudpotra+bahawalpur&pg=PA22 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=The Rise of Islam in the Indus Borderlands|last=Wink |first=André |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otBJEQAAQBAJ |title= The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th–17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago |date=2025 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-72921-6 |series=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=IV |location=Leiden |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> (1748-1955, Daudpotra)<br />
*[[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh estate]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ |title=Grass in their Mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the Company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830 |date=2010-08-13 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18802-0 |pages=162 |language=en|quote=the jagir of the Ballabgarh raja, a Jat of the Tevatiya got, or clan.}}</ref> (1705-1858, Tewatia)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jat Sikh]]<br />
* [[Jat Muslim]]<br />
**[[Zutt]]<br />
* [[List of Jats]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNFtQEACAAJ}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Dholpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15EMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Phulkian states. Patiala Jind and Nabha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cJFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1909}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Kalsia State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFFAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing|year=1935}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
*[https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India K-Z] at ''WorldStatesmen''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of royalty|Jat clans]]<br />
[[Category:Jat rulers|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of dynasties]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552072Pilania2026-07-12T16:50:59Z<p>HHZy7: Add Priyanka Pilaniya</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
* [[Priyanka Pilaniya]] is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player.<br />
{{surname}}<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552070Pilania2026-07-12T16:39:49Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan.<ref>[https://google/KIXTc40wAQAxGN0lV Jat Chiefs Website ] www.Jatchiefs.com</ref><ref>[https://google/5hH1LoE062bbdJ45h Indpaedia Website ] www.indpaedia.com</ref><ref>[https://google/G3hQ191o0FgZDH0m6 Fluent Words Official Website ] - Fluent Words Official Website</ref> founded in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh States in India.<ref>Jat Itihas (History of Jats) by Thakur Deshraj</ref><ref>Jat-Itihas by Dr. Natthan Singh</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include: ==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552069Pilania2026-07-12T16:36:16Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan.<ref>[https://google/KIXTc40wAQAxGN0lV Jat Chiefs Website ] www.Jatchiefs.com</ref><ref>[https://google/5hH1LoE062bbdJ45h Indpaedia Website ] www.indpaedia.com</ref><ref>[https://google/G3hQ191o0FgZDH0m6 Fluent Words Official Website ] - Fluent Words Official Website</ref> founded in Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh States in India.<br />
==Notable people with the clan include: ==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilania&diff=552068Pilania2026-07-12T16:32:45Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Pilania''' is a Jat Clan.<ref>[https://google/KIXTc40wAQAxGN0lV Jat Chiefs Website ] www.Jatchiefs.com</ref><ref>[https://google/5hH1LoE062bbdJ45h Indpaedia Website ] www.indpaedia.com</ref><ref>[https://google/G3hQ191o0FgZDH0m6 Fluent Words Official Website ] - Fluent Words Official Website</ref><br />
==Notable people with the clan include: ==<br />
<br />
* [[Naveen Pilania]], Indian politician and member of the National People's Party<br />
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]] (born 1932), Indian politician from Rajasthan<br />
<br />
== Reference==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551594Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:44:50Z<p>HHZy7: Submitting draft for review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{AfC submission|||ts=20260629104449|u=HHZy7|ns=118}} <!-- Do not remove this line! --><br />
{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani (1611)<br />
| death_place = Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (1611–1643 AD) was a respected folk deity and warrior of the Pilania clan. He is remembered for sacrificing his life while protecting cows at Jhojhu Kalan in present-day Haryana. Born in Pilani, he was the son of Ram Singh Pilania and Rajkor Pilania. Today, he is worshipped as a folk deity for his bravery and devotion.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
== History==<br />
Folk deity Deola Dada<br />
Deola Dada (1611-1643)<br />
<br />
Father's Name Ram Singh Pilania<br />
<br />
Mother's Name - Raj Kaur<br />
<br />
Birthplace - Pilani (1611)<br />
<br />
Place of death - Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
<br />
Age – 32 years<br />
<br />
Vansh - Pilania<br />
<br />
There is also a temple of his in Jhojhu Kalan .<br />
<br />
Folk deity: Deola Dada is the folk deity of the Pilaniya clan.<br />
<br />
Deola Dada's mare: Deola Dada's mare was named Rampyari. This mare was given to Deola Dada by his father. It was white in color.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
The folk deity of the Pilaniya clan is Deola Dada, who, along with his brothers, died while protecting the cows of Lilavati from butchers.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
One day, Deola Dada went to his brother-in-law, Chhajju Ram, to visit him in his village. While returning to their village, they saw some butchers forcibly taking away the cows of a Gujri woman, Lilavati. Undeterred, Deola Dada opposed the butchers and fought them to free Lilavati's cows. During the struggle, Deola Dada displayed remarkable bravery and courage while protecting the cows. He attained martyrdom while saving them. His sacrifice has made him an immortal symbol of cow protection, remembered with reverence and respect even today.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
Names of Deola Dada's brothers -<br />
<br />
*Veer Pratap Pilania<br />
*Veer Uday Pilania<br />
*Veer Ratan Pilania<br />
He, along with his elder brother Deola Dada, attained martyrdom while protecting the cows of Lilavati from the butchers<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551590Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:33:28Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani (1611)<br />
| death_place = Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (1611–1643 AD) was a respected folk deity and warrior of the Pilania clan. He is remembered for sacrificing his life while protecting cows at Jhojhu Kalan in present-day Haryana. Born in Pilani, he was the son of Ram Singh Pilania and Rajkor Pilania. Today, he is worshipped as a folk deity for his bravery and devotion.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
== History==<br />
Folk deity Deola Dada<br />
Deola Dada (1611-1643)<br />
<br />
Father's Name Ram Singh Pilania<br />
<br />
Mother's Name - Raj Kaur<br />
<br />
Birthplace - Pilani (1611)<br />
<br />
Place of death - Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
<br />
Age – 32 years<br />
<br />
Vansh - Pilania<br />
<br />
There is also a temple of his in Jhojhu Kalan .<br />
<br />
Folk deity: Deola Dada is the folk deity of the Pilaniya clan.<br />
<br />
Deola Dada's mare: Deola Dada's mare was named Rampyari. This mare was given to Deola Dada by his father. It was white in color.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
The folk deity of the Pilaniya clan is Deola Dada, who, along with his brothers, died while protecting the cows of Lilavati from butchers.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
One day, Deola Dada went to his brother-in-law, Chhajju Ram, to visit him in his village. While returning to their village, they saw some butchers forcibly taking away the cows of a Gujri woman, Lilavati. Undeterred, Deola Dada opposed the butchers and fought them to free Lilavati's cows. During the struggle, Deola Dada displayed remarkable bravery and courage while protecting the cows. He attained martyrdom while saving them. His sacrifice has made him an immortal symbol of cow protection, remembered with reverence and respect even today.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
Names of Deola Dada's brothers -<br />
<br />
*Veer Pratap Pilania<br />
*Veer Uday Pilania<br />
*Veer Ratan Pilania<br />
He, along with his elder brother Deola Dada, attained martyrdom while protecting the cows of Lilavati from the butchers<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551589Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:29:25Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (1611–1643 AD) was a respected folk deity and warrior of the Pilania clan. He is remembered for sacrificing his life while protecting cows at Jhojhu Kalan in present-day Haryana. Born in Pilani, he was the son of Ram Singh Pilania and Rajkor Pilania. Today, he is worshipped as a folk deity for his bravery and devotion.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
== History==<br />
Folk deity Deola Dada<br />
Deola Dada (1611-1643)<br />
<br />
Father's Name Ram Singh Pilania<br />
<br />
Mother's Name - Raj Kaur<br />
<br />
Birthplace - Pilani (1611)<br />
<br />
Place of death - Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
<br />
Age – 32 years<br />
<br />
Vansh - Pilania<br />
<br />
There is also a temple of his in Jhojhu Kalan .<br />
<br />
Folk deity: Deola Dada is the folk deity of the Pilaniya clan.<br />
<br />
Deola Dada's mare: Deola Dada's mare was named Rampyari. This mare was given to Deola Dada by his father. It was white in color.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
The folk deity of the Pilaniya clan is Deola Dada, who, along with his brothers, died while protecting the cows of Lilavati from butchers.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
One day, Deola Dada went to his brother-in-law, Chhajju Ram, to visit him in his village. While returning to their village, they saw some butchers forcibly taking away the cows of a Gujri woman, Lilavati. Undeterred, Deola Dada opposed the butchers and fought them to free Lilavati's cows. During the struggle, Deola Dada displayed remarkable bravery and courage while protecting the cows. He attained martyrdom while saving them. His sacrifice has made him an immortal symbol of cow protection, remembered with reverence and respect even today.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
Names of Deola Dada's brothers -<br />
<br />
*Veer Pratap Pilania<br />
*Veer Uday Pilania<br />
*Veer Ratan Pilania<br />
He, along with his elder brother Deola Dada, attained martyrdom while protecting the cows of Lilavati from the butchers<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551588Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:26:59Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (1611–1643 AD) was a respected folk deity and warrior of the Pilania clan. He is remembered for sacrificing his life while protecting cows at Jhojhu Kalan in present-day Haryana. Born in Pilani, he was the son of Ram Singh Pilania and Rajkor Pilania. Today, he is worshipped as a folk deity for his bravery and devotion.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
== History==<br />
Folk deity Deola Dada<br />
Deola Dada (1611-1643)<br />
<br />
Father's Name Ram Singh Pilania<br />
<br />
Mother's Name - Raj Kaur<br />
<br />
Birthplace - Pilani (1611)<br />
<br />
Place of death - Jhojhu Kalan (1643)<br />
<br />
Age – 32 years<br />
<br />
Vansh - Pilania<br />
<br />
There is also a temple of his in Jhojhu Kalan .<br />
<br />
Folk deity: Deola Dada is the folk deity of the Pilaniya clan.<br />
<br />
Deola Dada's mare: Deola Dada's mare was named Rampyari. This mare was given to Deola Dada by his father. It was white in color.<br />
<br />
The folk deity of the Pilaniya clan is Deola Dada, who, along with his brothers, died while protecting the cows of Lilavati from butchers.<br />
<br />
One day, Deola Dada went to his brother-in-law, Chhajju Ram, to visit him in his village. While returning to their village, they saw some butchers forcibly taking away the cows of a Gujri woman, Lilavati. Undeterred, Deola Dada opposed the butchers and fought them to free Lilavati's cows. During the struggle, Deola Dada displayed remarkable bravery and courage while protecting the cows. He attained martyrdom while saving them. His sacrifice has made him an immortal symbol of cow protection, remembered with reverence and respect even today.<br />
<br />
Names of Deola Dada's brothers -<br />
<br />
*Veer Pratap Pilania<br />
*Veer Uday Pilania<br />
*Veer Ratan Pilania<br />
He, along with his elder brother Deola Dada, attained martyrdom while protecting the cows of Lilavati from the butchers<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551587Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:18:46Z<p>HHZy7: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (born in Pilani) is an Indian.<ref>[https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada|Deola Deola Dada Pilania - Jatland Wiki] www.jatlandwiki.com </ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Deola_Dada_Pilania&diff=551586Draft:Deola Dada Pilania2026-06-29T10:00:06Z<p>HHZy7: Article created via ArticleWizard</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox adult biography<br />
| birth_place = Pilani<br />
| name = Deola Dada Pilania<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| website = https://www.jatland.com/home/Deola_Dada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deola Dada Pilania''' (born in Pilani) is an Indian.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}</div>HHZy7