Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Biraj Biswas

2026-05-08T05:49:15Z

Gyani24: done...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Biraj Biswas
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2026
| constituency = [[Karandighi Assembly constituency|Karandighi]]
| predecessor = [[Goutam Paul]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician Advocate
}}

'''Biraj Biswas''' is an Indian politician, advocate and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Karandighi Assembly constituency|Karandighi]] constituency in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Karandighi election result 2026: BJP's Biraj Biswas defeats TMC's Gautam Paul |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/karandighi-election-result-2026-tmcs-gautam-paulvs-bjps-biraj-biswas/articleshow/130624328.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biraj Biswas - Election 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/candidate-biraj-biswas-12450 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results May-2026 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S2532.htm |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biswas, Biraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]
{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}

T. Ashok Kumar

2026-05-07T07:34:00Z

Gyani24: Put Up Biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. Ashok Kumar
| office = Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]
| predecessor = [[Ramesh Parambath]]
| term_start = 2026
| party = Independent
| profession = Politician
}}
'''T. Ashok Kumar''' is an Indian politician from [[Puducherry]]. He is a member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]] as an independent politician.<ref>{{Cite web |title=T Ashok Kumar(Independent(IND)):Constituency- MAHE(PUDUCHERRY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Puducherry2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=99 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=T ASHOK KUMAR |url=https://pyinfo.in/candidates/t-ashok-kumar/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Pondicherry Information Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Ashok Kumar won the [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]] seat in the [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]] as an independent candidate. He received 8,375 votes and defeated [[Ramesh Parambath]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 1,115 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Mahe (Puducherry) Assembly Election Result 2026: T Ashok Kumar of IND Wins |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/mahe-election-result-live-updates-puducherry-assembly-election-results-winner-10668729/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, T. Ashok}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2026–2031]]

Madhuban Chowk metro station

2026-05-05T09:31:42Z

Gyani24: adding some article and citations

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Madhuban Chowk
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Red|line2=Magenta}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = Madhuban Chowk metro station.jpg
| image_caption = Madhuban Chowk metro station
| address = Madhuban Chowk, Outer Ring Road, Block ED, Pitampura, Delhi 110034 / Sector 8 Rohini, Delhi, 110085
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Red|croute}}
{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Magenta|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Elevated
| platform = {{ubl|[[Side platform]]|{{font color|red|Platform 1}} → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}}|{{font color|red|Platform 2}} → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}}|{{font color|magenta|Platform 3}} → {{stl|Delhi Metro|Deepali Chowk}}|{{font color|magenta|Platform 4}} → {{stl|Delhi Metro|Majlis Park}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Available
| bicycle =
| opened = {{ubl|{{start date and age|df=yes|2004|March|31}} {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Red|croute}}|{{start date and age|df=yes|2026|March|8}} {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Magenta|croute}}}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned =
| zone =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line1=Red|left1=Rohini East|right1=Kohat Enclave
|line2=Magenta|left2=Uttari Pitampura-Prashant Vihar|to-left2=Majlis Park|right2=Deepali Chowk|to-right2=Deepali Chowk|note-row3=''Interchange facilities between the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] and [[Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|Magenta Lines]] are not operational as of now''}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Red Line Route}}{{Delhi Metro Magenta Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color =
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Madhuban Chowk''' (previously known as '''Pitampura''')<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-17 |title=Pitampura becomes ‘Madhuban Chowk’: CM Rekha Gupta announces name change for 3 Delhi Metro stations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/cm-announces-name-change-for-3-metro-stations/articleshow/125368174.cms |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> is an interchange station on the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] and [[Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|Magenta Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |access-date=2010-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010}}</ref> catering the areas of Madhuban Chowk, [[Pitampura]], and Sector 8, [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]] in Delhi. Currently, passengers have to exit the station of one line to transfer to the station of the other line due to the interchange walkway between the two lines being under construction and not operational. The walkway is expected to be completed by the end of 2026, which will enable passengers to interchange between the two lines without needing to exit the station.

==Station layout==
'''Station layout''' {{Rail color box|Delhi Metro|Red|croute}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Kohat Enclave}}
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Rohini East}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

'''Station layout''' {{Rail color box|Delhi Metro|Magenta|croute}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 3''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Deepali Chowk metro station|Deepali Chowk]] '''''Terminus'''''
|-
|'''Platform 4''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Majlis Park metro station|Majlis Park]] '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Uttari Pitampura-Prashant Vihar}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|red line=yes|magenta line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2004]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in North West Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{Delhi-railstation-stub}}

Ballari district

2026-05-04T15:13:26Z

Gyani24: stub

{{short description|District of Karnataka State, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2011}}
{{update|date=December 2020}}
{{Copy edit|date=November 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ballari district
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[District]]
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/2
| border = infobox
| total_width = 250
| image1 = BELLARY FORT 2.jpg
| caption1 = View of the city from [[Bellary Fort]]
| image2 = Ballari railway station front.jpg
| caption2 = Ballari railway station
| image3 = Dam on river in Hosapete, Bellary District.jpg
| caption3 = [[Tungabhadra Dam]]
| image4 = Sloth Bear-3302.jpg
| caption4 = [[Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary]]
|image5 = Kumarswamy temple3.jpg
| caption5 = [[Krauncha Giri#Kumaraswami Temple|Kumaraswami Temple]]
}}
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|15.1500|N|76.9333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalyana-Karnataka]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Ballari]]
| government_type = [[District administration in India|District administration]]
| governing_body = Zilla Panchayat
| leader_title = District Commissioner & District Magistrate
| leader_name = Nagendra Prasad K. ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| leader_title2 = CEO
| leader_name2 = MD Haris Sumair, IAS
| leader_title3 = District in-charge minister
| leader_name3 = [[B. Z. Zameer Ahmed Khan]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8,461
| elevation_m = 449
| population_total = 24,52,595<ref>{{cite web |title=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK BELLARY |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s37c590f01490190db0ed02a5070e20f01/uploads/2019/01/2019010876.pdf |website=ballari.nic.in/ |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS KARNATAKA |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 290
| population_demonym = Ballarian
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news |title=Cabinet approves boundaries of Vijayanagara district |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cabinet-approves-boundaries-of-vijayanagara-district/article33197346.ece |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=28 November 2020}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 583101
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = Bellary:08392
| registration_plate = KA 34
| website = {{URL|https://ballari.nic.in/en/}}
| footnotes =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Ballari]], [[Kampli]], [[Sanduru]], [[Siruguppa]], [[Kurugodu]]
}}

'''Ballari district''', formerly '''Bellary district''' (pronounced {{IPA|kn|ˈbəɭɭari|}}), is a major district in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bangalore, 11 other cities will get new names |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Bangalore-11-other-cities-will-get-new-names/articleshow/44862699.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=18 October 2014 |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref> It is located in the northeastern part of Karnataka. This district belongs to [[Kalyana-Karnataka]]. This district was one of the biggest districts in Karnataka until the [[Vijayanagara district]] was carved out of Ballari district in 2021 officially.

This district has the highest deposits of iron ore in [[India]].

Historical sites, farm land, and rich minerals characterise Ballari district. Recently making headlines within the mining industry, Ballari, the district's capital, is known as Steel City and Gani Nadu (City of Mining).

==History==
{{Main|History of Bellary}}
Earlier, Ballari district was part of the [[Madras Presidency]]. The area was severely affected by the [[Great Famine of 1876–78]]. After [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]], when the Indian states were [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|reorganised]] along linguistic lines, Ballari became part of the [[Hyderabad-Karnataka]] region of the state of [[Karnataka]], now renamed as Kalyana-Karnataka. In 1882, Anantapur District was formed by carving out from Ballari district, and in 2021, [[Vijayanagara district]] was separated from Ballari officially.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Umamaheswara |date=30 March 2022 |title=AP new districts: First formed under the empire, Andhra Pradesh’s map shaped and reshaped over two centuries |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/first-formed-under-the-empire-aps-map-shaped-and-reshaped-over-two-centuries/articleshow/90528597.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijayanagar to be Karnataka’s 31st district, BSY Cabinet gives in-principle nod |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/Nov/19/vijayanagar-to-be-karnatakas-31st-district-bsy-cabinet-gives-in-principle-nod-2225175.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=2 May 2026}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ballari district is spread from southwest to northeast and is situated on the eastern side of [[Karnataka]] state. The district is 15° 30' and 15°50' north latitude and 75° 40' and 77° 11' east longitude. The geographical area is 8447 km2.

This district is bounded by [[Raichur District]] to the north, [[Koppal District]], [[Vijayanagara district]] to the west, [[Chitradurga District]] and [[Davanagere District]] to the south, and [[Anantapur District]] and [[Kurnool District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the east.

The normal rainfall is 639 mm.

==Assembly and Parliament constituencies==
The district consists of one [[Lok Sabha]] constituency ([[Ballari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballari]], reserved for STs) and five [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] constituencies. These are

91. [[Kampli (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Kampli]] (ST)

92. [[Siruguppa (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Siruguppa]] (ST)

93. [[Ballari (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Ballari]] (ST)

94. [[Ballari City (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Ballari City]]

95. [[Sandur (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sandur]] (ST)

The Assembly constituency of [[Siruguppa (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Siruguppa]] is part of the parliamentary constituency of [[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]].

==Economy==
The major occupation of this district is agriculture, and 75% of its total labour force is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. The important crops grown are [[cotton]], [[jowar]], [[peanut|groundnuts]], [[rice]], [[sunflowers]], and [[cereals]]. The net irrigated area is 37% of the net area sown.

As of 1998, the main source of irrigation is [[Tungabhadra Dam]] (presently in [[Vijayanagara district]]). The canal network accounts for 64% of the district's irrigated area. Important rivers are Tungabhadra, [[Vedavathi River|Hagari]], and Chikkahagari. The western taluks of the district have been plagued by low rainfall for successive years. However, during the current and preceding years, heavy rains have created havoc in the district, leaving many in the lurch.

==Industries==
Ballari district is rich in natural resources that need to be tapped to a great extent for the overall development of the district. This district is endowed with rich mineral resources. It has both metallic and non-metallic minerals. The metallic minerals include [[iron]] ore, [[manganese]] ore, [[gold]], [[copper]], and [[lead]]. The non-metallic minerals include [[andalusite]], [[asbestos]], [[corundum]], [[clay]], [[Dolomite (mineral)|dolomite]], [[limestone]], limekankan, [[Molding sand|moulding sand]], [[quartz]], [[soap stone]], [[granite]], and [[red ochre]]. The metallic minerals are abundant in only two talukas, [[Sanduru]] and [[Bellary|Ballari]], in the order of mining activity intensity. The annual production of iron ore is anywhere between 2.75 and 4.5 million tonnes, and manganese ore between 0.13 million tonnes to 0.30 million tonnes (1991).The real estate prices have already started to shoot as more and more industries are finding their way into this city. Ballari, to its credit, has the second largest single rock mountain in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bellary Karnataka state report_2012.pdf|url=http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/lld_data_13jan12/Bellary_Karnataka_state_report_2012.pdf|website=mospi.nic.in|date=2012|access-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075233/http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/lld_data_13jan12/Bellary_Karnataka_state_report_2012.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Mining===
Ballari district has 25% of India's iron ore reserves. Until 1994, a handful of mining companies operated here, including state-owned NMDC.
Later, the government issued mining licences to many private operators. The mining industry boomed with a surge in iron ore prices, due to demand from emerging China. Mining licence allocation policy from the central government was based on political [[Nepotism in Indian politics|nepotism]] rather than merit.
Flawed mining policy leads to widespread [[illegal mining in India|illegal mining]]. Since the year 2000, money from illegal mining flowed into the electoral politics of Karnataka State. This led to the emergence of the powerful Reddy Brothers to state politics. The Reddy brothers funnelled money from illegal mining into politics, thereby King Makers of Karnataka State politics. Ombudsman's report on mining in [[Karnataka state]] found that the promoters of privately owned mining companies in the Ballari region paid off politicians and then joined politics themselves, rising to positions in the Karnataka state government. These mining businessmen-turned-politicians exerted so much influence over the local officials that the Indian media began describing Ballari as a "new republic".<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14783930 India mining scandal: G Janardhana Reddy remanded]</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14486290 Why mining in India is a source of corruption?]</ref>

Despite the availability of minerals in large quantities, this district is considered to be an industrially backward district. There are 23 units of large and medium scale industries in this district, with an investment of Rs.447.76 crores employing around 9,222 persons. At present, it occupies ninth place in the state. Sathavahana Ispat Ltd. is the first [[Pig Iron]] plant set up in the region to utilise the abundant iron ore reserves available; Kirloskar was the next to follow with their Pig Iron plant. However, with the commissioning of Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited at Tornagallu, the industry scenario of this district underwent sea changes. It is understood that Mukand Steels and Kalyani Steels have started industries in this area. The inflow of investment into these industries would be around Rs.30,000 Crores. The district will, therefore, come under heavy pressure on basic infrastructure such as power, communication, health, education, and police stations, which again invite heavy investment to create the needed infrastructure. Urgent action is needed to pool the resources under various sectors, such as District Sector, State sector, Border Area Development, HKDB etc., and prepare a perspective plan to the emerging challenges. However, the mining industry in Ballari has caused devastating environmental damage and subsequent socioeconomic crises. Therefore, courts in Karnataka have ordered the reclamation of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2020|title=A ravaged earth and the long wait for relief|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/a-ravaged-earth-and-the-long-wait-for-relief-912805.html|access-date=8 November 2020|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,12,624|13=1911|14=5,07,800|15=1921|16=4,40,660|17=1931|18=4,93,701|19=1941|20=5,44,113|21=1951|22=6,56,079|23=1961|24=7,86,556|25=1971|26=9,76,972|27=1981|28=13,05,624|29=1991|30=16,56,000|31=2001|32=20,27,140|33=2011|34=24,52,595|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=left}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Ballari district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,452,595,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Bellary |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/590/download/2008/DH_2011_2911_PART_A_DCHB_BELLARY.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Kuwait]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Kuwait 2,595,62}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Nevada 2,700,551 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 168th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|300|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.92%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Ballari has a sex ratio of 978 females for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 67.85%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The divided district has a population of 1,400,970, of which 607,584 (43.37%) live in urban areas. The divided district has a sex ratio of 984 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 269,096 (19.21%) and 265,990 (18.99%) of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

Hindus are 1,174,010, Muslims are 208,014, Christians are 10,293.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title = Religion in residual Bellary district (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka|Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.80}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|14.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.73}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.62}}
}}

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of residual Bellary district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 68.09 |color1 = darkslateblue
|label2 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value2 = 13.47 |color2 = steelblue
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 12.68 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.86 |color4 = orange
|label5 = [[Lambadi]] |value5 = 1.29 |color5 = khaki
|label6 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value6 = 0.92 |color6 = red
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.69 |color7 = grey
|thumb=center
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 68.09% of the population spoke [[Kannada]], 13.47% [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 12.68% [[Urdu]], 1.86% [[Hindi]], 1.29% [[Lambadi]], and 0.92% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Tourism==
*[[Bellary Fort|Ballari Fort]], a historic fort.
*[[Bommghatta]], known for its temple which hosts the deity [[Hanuman]] as ''Hulikunteraya''.
*Timmalapura, known for its temple to [[Sri Krishna]].
*[[Sanduru]], known for its historic temple to Kumaraswamy.

[[File:View of Gopura from inside the Gopala Krishnaswamy temple in Timmalapura.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Gopala Krishnaswamy temple]]

==Transport==
[[File:Ballari railway station.jpg|thumb|Ballari railway station]]

The nearest airport is [[Vidyanagar Airport]]. The airport is connected with [[Bangalore]] and Hyderabad daily.
A new airport is under construction in the outskirts of [[Bellary]].

The district has main junction at [[Bellary Junction railway station|Ballari station]], which falls under Hubli division.

The district has main National Highway 67 and NH 150A. The district is connected with Jewargi-Chamrajanagar Highway. KKRTC run buses in Ballari District.

==Politics==
* [[E. Tukaram]]: MP Ballari
* [[Devendrappa|Y. Devendrappa]]: Former MP
* [[K. C. Kondaiah]]: Former MP and MLC
* [[B. Nagendra|B Nagendra]]: Ballari Rural MLA
* [[G. Janardhana Reddy]]: mining baron and BJP member. A former minister in the BS Yeddyurappa government, he was sentenced to 3 years in jail for [[Mining scams in India#Illegal iron ore mining in Karnataka|Illegal iron ore mining]]
* [[G. Karunakara Reddy]]: Former Minister and MLA [[Harpanahalli]]
* [[G. Somashekara Reddy]]: MLA, Ballari City
* [[B. Sriramulu]]: BJP vice-president of Karnataka and current Health minister
* [[Allum Veerabhadrappa]]: MLC and Former [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee|KPCC]] President

==Demand for a separate district==
Forest Minister and Ballari in-charge MLA Anand Singh demanded the bifurcation of Ballari district into Vijayanagar and Ballari districts. In November 2020, the cabinet approved the division of the district into Ballari and Vijayanagara district. Officially, the district Vijayanagara announced on 2 October 2021 Ballari district consists of Ballari, Kampli, Sandur, Siruguppa and Kurugodu taluks, while Vijayanagara district consists of Hospet, Harappanahalli, Huvina Hadagali, Kottur, Hagaribommanahalli, and Kudligi. The new district Vijayanagara has 6 taluks, but Bellary District has only 5 taluks. This is questioned by all people of erstwhile Bellary District <ref>{{cite news |title=Cabinet approves boundaries of Vijayanagara district |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cabinet-approves-boundaries-of-vijayanagara-district/article33197346.ece |access-date=30 November 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=28 November 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chilagodu]]
*[[Narsapur, Karnataka]]
*[[Vijayanagara district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bellary district}}
* [https://ballari.nic.in/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111012319/http://www.explorehampiwithme.in/ Incredible India Hampi Guide]
*[http://www.hampi.in Info on Hampi ].

{{Karnataka topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bellary District}}
[[Category:Districts of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Ballari district| ]]

[[kn:ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ]]

Gangavalli Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T13:58:14Z

Gyani24:

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 81
| map_image = Constitution-Gangavalli.svg
| district = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency|Kallakurichi]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = [[A. Nallathambi (ADMK politician)|A. Nallathambi]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| name = Gangavalli
| electors = 218,317
| reservation = SC
}}

'''Gangavalli''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, that was formed after constituency delimitations in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008 |url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-15 }}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 81. Located in [[Salem district]], it comprises [[Gangavalli taluk]] and a portion of [[Attur Taluk, Salem|Attur taluk]]. It is a part of [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections to the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 26 January 2017}}</ref> The seat is [[reservation in India|reserved]] for candidates from the [[Scheduled Caste]]s. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

[[A. Nallathambi (ADMK politician)|A. Nallathambi]] is the MLA from ADMK party elected in 2021.<ref name="ECI TN Election Results 2021">{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021 live {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results & Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu/results |access-date=21 September 2021 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Composition==
Gangavalli is an assembly constituency in Salem district of Tamil Nadu, which includes Gangavalli Taluk and a part of Attur Taluk.Veeraganur,V.Ramanathapuram,
Thammampatti, [[Sentharapatti]], Naduvalur, Unathur, Veppanatham, Varagur, Siruvachur, Maniviluthan, Kattukkottai, Sadasivapuram, Sarvoy, Deviakkurichi, Talaivasal, Pattuthurai, Navakkurchi, Puthur, Nathakkarai, Periyeri, Aragalur, Thiyaganur, Arathi Agraharam, Mummudi, Kamakkapalayam, Vadakumarai, Thenkumarai, Sathapadi, Panavasal, Navalur, Puliyankurichi, Sitheri, Govindampalayam and Pallipalayam, Anayampatti, Anayampatti Puthur, Thedavoor, [[Odiyathur]] and other villages.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[R. Subha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| A. Muruthamuthu<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=81}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| rowspan="2"|[[A. Nallathambi (ADMK politician)|A. Nallathambi]]<ref name="ECI TN Election Results 2021" />
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.89}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.22}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}|48.60}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gangavalli}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Nallathambi (AIADMK politician)|A. Nallathambi]]|party=AIADMK|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Chinnadurai]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abirami Neduncheralathan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= V. Sujatha|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 216794|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gangavalli<ref>{{cite web|title=Gangavalli Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a081|access-date= 15 Oct 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Nallathambi (AIADMK politician)|A. Nallathambi]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=89,568 |percentage=47.89% |change=+5.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Rekha Priyadharshini |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,207 |percentage=43.96% |change=+3.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vinothini |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=9,323 |percentage=4.99% |change=+4.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Pandian |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,519 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,251 |percentage=0.67% |change=-0.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,361 |percentage=3.94% |change= 2.65% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=187,011 |percentage=78.26% |change= -2.15% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=508|percentage=0.27% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 238,960 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 5.67% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gangavalli<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Marutha Muthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=74,301 |percentage=42.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Rekha Priyadharshini |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,039 |percentage=40.94% |change=+1.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Shanmugavel Murty |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=10,715 |percentage=6.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Subha]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=7,114 |percentage=4.04% |change=-44.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ganesan |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=3,786 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. Sivagami Paramasivam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,023 |percentage=1.15% |change=-0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,766 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Senthilkumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=921 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,262 |percentage=1.29% |change= -7.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=175,981 |percentage=80.41% |change= -1.46% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,854 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |swing= -6.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gangavalli<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Subha]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=72,922 |percentage=48.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chinnadurai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=59,457 |percentage=39.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Manimaran |party=Independent politician |votes=5,978 |percentage=3.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sivakami |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=4,048 |percentage=2.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Murugesan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,452 |percentage=1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Mathialagan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,787 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Raja |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=1,520 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,465 |percentage=8.97% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=150,047 |percentage=81.87% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,269 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11|26|17|N|78|29|01|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Jafrabad taluka

2026-05-04T07:55:50Z

Gyani24: new some entry basic info

{{Short description|Taluka in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates||date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jafrabad Taluka
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of talukas of Gujarat|Taluka]] of [[Gujarat]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Jafrabad]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 108002
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=District wise Statistics {{!}} NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India |url=http://164.100.94.191/niti/best-practices/district-wise-statistics |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=164.100.94.191}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-079
| registration_plate = GJ
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
| coordinates = {{coords|20.8941|71.3356|display=it|format=dms}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_caption =
| population_blank1 = 955 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_blank1_title = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| population_blank2 = 51.8%
| population_blank2_title = Literacy
}}

'''Jafrabad Taluka''' is a geographical subdivision located in the [[Amreli district]] of the state of [[Gujarat, India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-26 |title=Leopard kills elderly woman in Gujarat's Amreli district |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/leopard-kills-elderly-woman-in-gujarats-amreli-district/articleshow/100528533.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-27 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is situated in the western part of the country and falls within the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra region]]. [[Jafrabad]] is the headquarters of the taluka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taluka {{!}} District Amreli, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://amreli.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="gujarat">{{cite web|url=https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/gu/taluka/Jafrabad/History|website=amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in|title=amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/gu/taluka/Jafrabad/History|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to Census 2011 Jafrabad Sub-District, with a total of 19,475 households, is home to a population of 108,002 individuals, comprising 55,238 males and 52,764 females. Among its residents, 15,584 are children, with 8,123 being boys and 7,461 girls. The sub-district has a notable presence of Scheduled Castes, with 6,808 members, consisting of 3,509 males and 3,299 females. Additionally, there are 286 Scheduled Tribe individuals, including 149 males and 137 females. Educationally, Jafrabad displays a relatively literate population, with 55,980 people being literate, of which 34,081 are males and 21,899 are females. Conversely, 52,022 individuals are illiterate, with 21,157 being males and 30,865 females. The sub-district's workforce consists of 47,559 individuals, with 30,672 males and 16,887 females engaged in various economic activities, while 60,443 people are categorized as non-workers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population in India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/widgets/embed/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/en/Home}}
* {{OSM relation|9659198}}
* {{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jafrabad,+Gujarat/@20.8952746,71.0426243,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m10!1m2!2m1!1sjafrabad+taluka+gujarat+google+map!3m6!1s0x3be25223c3c4789d:0x16228c295c6c10a4!8m2!3d20.8680635!4d71.3643285!15sCiJqYWZyYWJhZCB0YWx1a2EgZ3VqYXJhdCBnb29nbGUgbWFwIgOIAQGSARRhZG1pbmlzdHJhdGl2ZV9hcmVhNOABAA!16s%2Fg%2F11pz1b2n24?entry=ttu}}

{{Amreli district}}

[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Amreli district]]

Actinodaphne wightiana

2026-05-04T00:21:08Z

Gyani24: article

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Actinodaphne malabarica Varattuparai DSCN0498.JPG
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=de Kok, R. |year=2021 |title=''Actinodaphne wightiana'' |article-number=e.T158422524A158675458 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T158422524A158675458.en |language=en}}</ref>
|genus = Actinodaphne
|species = wightiana
|authority = ([[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]) [[Henry Noltie|Noltie]]
|synonyms = {{Species list
|Iozoste wightiana| Kuntze (1891)
|Actinodaphne hirsuta| Hook.f. (1886)
|Actinodaphne malabarica| N.P.Balakr. (1967)
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo/>
}}

'''''Actinodaphne wightiana''''' is a species of [[tree]] in the laurel family, [[Lauraceae]].<ref name=powo>{{cite POWO|title=Actinodaphne wightiana (Kuntze) Noltie |id=A60440841-2 |access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref> It native to the southern [[Western Ghats]] of [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states in southwestern India.<ref name=iucn /> Its leaves are densely hirsute to tomentellous beneath and its fruits are {{cvt|7–10|mm}} in diameter.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Tapas |last2=Krishna |first2=Gopal |last3=Kumar |first3=Anand |last4=Mitta |first4=Mahendra Nath |title=A revision of genus Actinodaphne Nees (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region {{!}} Chakrabarty {{!}} Annals of Plant Sciences |journal=Annals of Plant Sciences |date=2021 |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=4227–4259 |doi=10.21746/aps.2021.10.7.1 |doi-broken-date=3 May 2026 |url=https://annalsofplantsciences.com/index.php/aps/article/view/800/pdf |access-date=16 April 2025 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203051719/https://annalsofplantsciences.com/index.php/aps/article/view/800/pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> It grows in [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|evergreen tropical moist forests]] from 100 to 1,000 metres elevation. It is threatened with [[habitat loss]] from deforestation to expand agriculture and plantations. The [[IUCN Red List]] assesses the species as [[Least Concern]].<ref name = iucn/>

The species was first described as ''Iozoste wightiana'' by [[Otto Kuntze]] in 1891. In 2005 [[Henry Noltie]] placed the species in genus ''[[Actinodaphne]]'' as ''A. wightiana''.<ref name = powo/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15293175}}

[[Category:Actinodaphne|wightiana]]
[[Category:Flora of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Flora of Kerala]]
[[Category:Flora of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1891]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Otto Kuntze]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Henry Noltie]]

{{Laurales-stub}}

Education in Malappuram district

2026-04-25T15:06:19Z

Gyani24: new...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Map of Malappuram District (April 2021).svg|thumb|Malappuram District]]
'''[[Malappuram district]]''' is an educational hub of the state of [[Kerala]], India with four universities, two medical colleges, two law colleges and several engineering and arts colleges. The city has several educational institutions from the school level to higher education. [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Malappuram|Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Malabar Special Police HSS, Government Girls Higher secondary school, Govt. Boys, St.Gemmas HSS, Islahiya HSS, A.U.P School, Sree Arunodaya Vidya Nigethan etc. to name a few schools. The city is lacking an Engineering College under Government despite having the largest number of students appearing and excelling in respective entrance exams. Govt. College, Malappuram, which is the oldest college in the city, started in 1972, [[College of Applied Science Malappuram]] and Govt. College for Women started this year along with many other private colleges serves the higher educational purpose. Govt.TTI and MCT TTI are few teachers training institutes. The Regional Directorate of Higher Secondary Education and Regional Office (Malabar) of State Open School are located in the city inside the Civil Station.

==History==
The [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]], which independently created a number of important mathematics concepts, including [[series expansion]] for trigonometric functions,<ref name="roy">{{cite journal |last=Roy |first=Ranjan |year=1990 |title=Discovery of the Series Formula for π by Leibniz, Gregory, and Nilakantha |journal=Mathematics Magazine |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=291–306 |doi=10.2307/2690896 |jstor=2690896}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Pingree |first=David |author-link=David Pingree |title=Hellenophilia versus the History of Science |year=1992 |journal=Isis |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=554–563 |jstor=234257 |doi=10.1086/356288 |quote=One example I can give you relates to the Indian Mādhava's demonstration, in about 1400 A.D., of the infinite power series of trigonometrical functions using geometrical and algebraic arguments. When this was first described in English by Charles Whish, in the 1830s, it was heralded as the Indians' discovery of the calculus. This claim and Mādhava's achievements were ignored by Western historians, presumably at first because they could not admit that an Indian discovered the calculus, but later because no one read anymore the ''Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society'', in which Whish's article was published. The matter resurfaced in the 1950s, and now we have the Sanskrit texts properly edited, and we understand the clever way that Mādhava derived the series ''without'' the calculus, but many historians still find it impossible to conceive of the problem and its solution in terms of anything other than the calculus and proclaim that the calculus is what Mādhava found. In this case, the elegance and brilliance of Mādhava's mathematics are being distorted as they are buried under the current mathematical solution to a problem to which he discovered an alternate and powerful solution. |bibcode=1992Isis...83..554P|s2cid=68570164 }}</ref> was based at [[Kingdom of Tanur|''Vettathunadu'']] ([[Tirur Taluk|Tirur region]]) in present-day Malappuram district.<ref name="roy"/>

==Higher education hub==
Malappuram is transforming to a higher education hub of the state with many multi-core projects under pipeline here. Air connectivity and business potential of the city and district is attracting many private business groups to invest at Malappuram.

==List of Educational institutions in and around Malappuram==
===Overview===

The progress that [[Malappuram district]] has achieved in the field of education during the last four decades is tremendous. Great strides have been made in the field of female education. The district plays a significant role in the higher education sector of the state. It is home to two of the main universities in the state—the [[University of Calicut]], centred at [[Tenhipalam]], which was established in 1968 as the second university in Kerala,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uoc.ac.in/ |website= uoc.ac.in |title= The University of Calicut}}</ref> and the [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]], centred at [[Tirur Municipality|Tirur]], which was established in the year 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malayalamuniversity.edu.in/en/ |website = malayalamuniversity.edu.in |title= Malayalam University}}</ref> [[AMU Malappuram Campus]], one of the three off-campus centres of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU) is situated in [[Cherukara]], which was established by the AMU in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.amu.ac.in/malappuram/ |website=amu.ac.in |title = Aligarh Muslim University Malappuram Off-centre}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Universities in Malappuram district |url=https://www.malappuramtourism.org/institutions.php |website=malappuramtourism.org}}</ref> An off-campus of the [[English and Foreign Languages University]] functions at [[Panakkad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Eflu-to-start-courses-in-Malappuram-campus-on-January-31/articleshow/28958910.cms |website=The Times of India |title= Eflu to start courses in Malappuram campus on January-31 |date= 17 January 2014 |access-date= 24 June 2020}}</ref> The district is also home to a subcentre of [[Kerala Agricultural University]] at [[Thavanur]], and a subcentre of [[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]] at [[Tirunavaya]]. The headquarters of [[Darul Huda Islamic University]] is at [[Chemmad]], [[Tirurangadi]]. INKEL Greens at Malappuram provides an educational zone with the industrial zone.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Inkel Greens beckons firms to Malappuram|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/inkel-greens-beckons-firms-to-malappuram/article8784293.ece|date=28 June 2016|access-date=6 October 2020|work=The Hindu Businessline}}</ref> Eranad Knowledge City at [[Manjeri]] is a first of its kind project in the state.<ref name="ekcm">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ekc.edu.in/about|title=Eranad knowledge city|access-date=4 November 2020|website=eku.edu.in|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604171424/http://www.ekc.edu.in/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[MES College of Engineering]], [[Kuttippuram]], is the first established engineering college under the self financing sector in Kerala, an urban campus that extends more than a mile (1.6 km) alongside the [[Bharathappuzha]] river. The [[Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology|KCAET]] at [[Thavanur]] established in 1963, is the only agricultural engineering institute in the state. The Govt Ayurveda Research Institute for Mental Disease at [[Pottippara]] near Kottakkal is the only government Ayurvedic mental hospital in [[Kerala]]. It is also the first of its type under the public sector in the country. The [[Government of Kerala]] has proposed to establish one more university, Ayurveda University, at [[Kottakkal]].

===Universities===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:left; width:90%"
|+ Universities of Malappuram district
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |University / University Center
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Location
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" |University Type
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" |Established
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Specialization
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" class="unsortable"|Sources
|-
| [[University of Calicut]]
| [[Tenhipalam]]
| Public
| 1968
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://uoc.ac.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Aligarh Muslim University|AMU Malappuram Campus
]]
| [[Chelamala]]
| Public
| 2010
| General
|<ref>{{cite news |title=New director for Malappuram Aligarh Muslim University |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 August 2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/new-director-for-malappuram-aligarh-muslim-university/articleshow/53566978.cms |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|-
| [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]]
| [[Tirur]]
| Public
| 2012
| Culture, Heritage, Language and Literature
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malayalamuniversity.edu.in/ml/ |title=തുഞ്ചത്തെഴുത്തച്ഛന്‍ മലയാളസര്‍വകലാശാല }}</ref>
|-
| [[The English and Foreign Languages University|EFLU]] Center
| Inkel City
| Public
| 2013
| English and foreign languages
|<ref>{{cite news |title=EFLU Malappuram campus to launch courses on January 31 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 January 2014 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/eflu-malappuram-campus-to-launch-courses-on-january-31/article5585821.ece |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|-
| Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit
| [[Tirur]]
| Public
| 1998
| Sanskrit
|<ref>{{cite web |title=REGIONAL CAMPUS TIRUR |url=https://ssus.ac.in/index.php/rc-tiru |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|-
|[[Al Jamia Al Islamiya]]
|Santhapuram
|Private
|1955
|Islamic studies
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=About - AL Jamia Al Islamiya |url=https://aljamia.net/about/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Darul Huda Islamic University]]
| [[Chemmad]]
| Private
| 1986
| Islamic studies
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Darul Huda national arts fest begins in Malappuram |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=December 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/darul-huda-national-arts-fest-begins-in-malappuram/article66210614.ece |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|-
|Ayurveda University
| [[Kottakkal]]
| Public
| proposed
| Ayurvedic Medicine
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala to examine possibilities of Ayurveda university |date=25 July 2021 |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-to-examine-possibilities-of-ayurveda-university-1.5856608 |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Agricultural University]] Center
| [[Tavanur]]
| Public
| 1971
| Agricultural Research
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malappuram |url=https://kau.in/institution/krishi-vigyan-kendra-malappuram |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref>
|}
* The [[University of Calicut]] is in [[Thenjipalam]]
* Aligarh Muslim University Malappuram Centre is in [[Chelamala, Malappuram|Chelamala]].
* [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]] is in [[Thunchan Parambu]], [[Tirur]] ({{convert|26|km}})
* English and Foreign Languages University Malappuram

===Professional Colleges===
====Engineering colleges====
*[[Calicut University Institute of Engineering and Technology]], [[Tenhipalam]]<ref name="cee">{{Cite web|url=https://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/index.php|title=Institutions - Office of the Commissioner of Entrance Examinations, Kerala|website=cee.kerala.gov.in|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705153420/http://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Eranad Knowledge City Technical Campus (EKC), Cherukulam, [[Manjeri]]<ref name="cee"/>
*[[Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology]], [[Thavanur]]<ref name="cee"/>
*[[MES College of Engineering]], [[Kuttippuram]]<ref name="cee"/>
*[[Education in Perinthalmanna|M.E.A. Engineering College]], Vengoor, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="cee"/>
*Veda Vyasa Institute of Technology, Karadparamba, [[Malappuram]]<ref name="cee"/>
*[[Cochin College of Engineering and Technology]], [[Valanchery]]<ref name="cee"/>
*MGM College of Engineering and Pharmaceutical Sciences, [[Valanchery]]<ref name="cee"/>

====MBBS colleges====
*[[Government Medical College, Manjeri]]<ref name="cee"/>
* MES Medical College, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="cee"/>

====Dental colleges====
* Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, [[Malappuram]]<ref name="cee"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.educareinstitute.in/|title=Educare Institute of Dental Sciences|accessdate=20 July 2015}}</ref>
* MES Dental College, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Malabar Dental College, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>

====Ayurvedic colleges====
* Govt. Vaidyaratnam P S Varier Ayurveda College, [[Edarikode]], [[Kottakkal]], Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>

====Architectural colleges====
* Alsalama Institute of Architecture, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Devaki Amma's Guruvayurappan College of Architecture, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Eranad Knowledge City College of Architecture, [[Manjeri]]<ref name="cee"/>
* MES School of Architecture, [[Kuttippuram]]<ref name="cee"/>
* Talent Institute of Architecture, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Vedavyasa College of Architecture, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>

====Law Colleges====
* [[AMU Malappuram Campus|Aligarh Muslim University, Malappuram Centre]], Law Department
* KMCT Law College, [[Kuttippuram]]<ref name="cee"/>
* MCT College of Legal Studies, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>

====Pharmacy Colleges====
* Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="cee"/>
* Devaki Amma Memorial College of Pharmacy, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, [[Pulikkal]]<ref name="cee"/>
* KMCT College of Pharmacy, Malappuram<ref name="cee"/>
* Moulana College of Pharmacy, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="cee"/>

====Nursing Colleges====
* Government Nursing College, [[Manjeri]]
* Al-Shifa College of Paramedical Sciences, Lemonvalley, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="cee"/>
* Al-Shifa College of Nursing, [[Angadipuram]], Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* Almas College of Nursing, Puthoor, [[Kottakkal]]<ref name="cee"/>
* Al-Salama College of Optometry, Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* College of Nursing, EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* College of Paramedical Sciences, EMS Memorial Co-op. Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* MES College of Nursing, Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* MIMS College of Nursing, [[Vazhayur]], [[Kondotty]]<ref name="cee"/>
* MIMS College of Allied Health sciences, [[Vazhayur]], [[Kondotty]]<ref name="cee"/>
* Moulana College of Nursing, [[Angadipuram]], Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>
* Moulana College of Paramedical Sciences, Angadipuram, Perinthalmanna<ref name="cee"/>

===Government Arts and Science Colleges===
* Government Arts & Science College [[Nilambur]], Pookottumpadam<ref name="gasc">{{Cite web|url=https://collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=223|title=List of Arts and Science Colleges and its courses in Kerala|website=collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
* Government Arts and Science College [[Kondotty]], [[Kuzhimanna]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Government Arts and Science College, [[Thavanur]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* [[Government College, Malappuram]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Government College [[Mankada]], [[Kolattur, Kerala|Kolathur]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Govt Arts and Science College, [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Govt. College for Women, C.H.Mohammed Koya Educational Complex, Down Hill, [[Malappuram]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Pookoya Thangal Memorial Government College, [[Perinthalmanna]]<ref name="gasc"/>
* Thunchan Memorial Government College, Vakkad, [[Tirur]]<ref name="gasc"/>

===Private arts and science colleges===
* A I A College, Kuniyil<ref name="kkd">{{Cite web|url=https://collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=287|title=Zonal Office - Kozhikode|website=collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
* A I W A College, Mongam<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Amal College of Advanced Studies, Nilambur]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Ambedkar College of Arts & Science, [[Wandoor]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Ansar Arabic College, [[Valavannur]], [[Kalpakanchery]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* D U A College, [[Vazhakkad]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Darunnajath Arabic College, [[Karuvarakundu]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[EMEA College of Arts and Science]], [[Kondotty]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[M.E.S. Ponnani College, Ponnani]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[MES Keveeyam College, Valanchery]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Dr. Gafoor Memorial MES Mampad College]], [[Mampad]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College]], [[Pulikkal]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Malabar College of Advanced Studies, [[Vengara, Malappuram district|Vengara]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Mar Thoma College, Chungathara]], [[Nilambur]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[N.S.S College, Manjeri]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College|PSMO College]], [[Tirurangadi]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Sullamussalam Arabic College, [[Areekode]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Sullamussalam Science College]], [[Areekode]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* [[Korambayil Ahammed Haji Memorial Unity Women's College, Manjeri]]<ref name="kkd"/>
* Parappanangadi Co-operative College, [[Parappanangadi]]
* [[Sahya Arts and Science College]], [[Wandoor]]
* [[College of Applied Science Malappuram]]
* Priyadarshini College, Melmuri, [[Malappuram]]
* Ma'din Arts and Science College, Melmuri, [[Malappuram]]
* MIC Arts and Science College, Athanikal, [[Malappuram]]
* GEMS College, Ramapuram, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* Malappuram Cooperative College, Down hill, [[Malappuram]]
* HM College, [[Manjeri]]
* Farook Arts&Science College, [[Parappur]], [[Kottakkal]]
* MAJLIS Arts and Science, Puramannur, [[Valanchery]]
* MES Arts and Science, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* Moulana College, [[Mangalam, Tirur|Kootayi]], [[Tirur]]
* Safa college of arts and science, Pookattiri, [[Valanchery]]
* CPA Arts and Science, Cheloor, [[Puthanathani]]
* SNDP YSS College, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* MSTM Arts and Science College, Pooppalam, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* ISS Arts and Science College, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* MES Arts and Science College, [[Perinthalmanna]]

===Polytechnic colleges===
* S.S.M. Polytechnic College, [[Tirur]]
* Government Polytechnic College, [[Perinthalmanna]]
* Government Polytechnic College, [[Manjeri]]
* Government Polytechnic College, [[Tirurangadi]]
* Government Women's Polytechnic College, [[Kottakal]]
* Ma'din Polytechnic College, [[Malappuram]]
* NTTF Karathod, [[Malappuram]]
* NTTF [[Kuttippuram]]
* [[Orphanage Polytechnic College]], [[Edavanna]]
* Malabar polytechnic College, [[Kottakkal]]

===Optometry Institutes===
*Malabar Institute of Optometry, Kizhakethala, Malappuram
*Vasan Eye Care IRIS Institute of Optometry, AK Road, Malappuram
*Al Salama Optometry, Perinthalmanna
* Al Rayhan College of optometry, Kondotty

===Schools===
The district is home to the highest number of schools as well as students in the state. There are 898 Lower primary schools,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/publicView/districtwise/LP |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=LP schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> 363 Upper primary schools,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/publicView/districtwise/UP |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=UP schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> 355 High schools,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/publicView/districtwise/HS |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=High schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> 248 Higher secondary schools,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/publicView/schoolconsolidationhse |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=HSE schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> and 27 Vocational Higher secondary schools<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/publicView/schoolconsolidationvhse |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=VHSE schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> in the district. Hence there are 1620 schools in the district.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/search/districtWiseSchools/10 |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=Schools in Malappuram |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> Besides these, there are 120 [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] schools and 3 [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] schools.
554 government schools, 810 Aided schools, and 1 unaided school, recognised by the [[Government of Kerala]] have been digitalised.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/hitech/hitech_reports/advanced_search |website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in |title=Hi-tech schools in Malappuram |access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref>

==Education cities==

===Inkel Greens===

Inkel Greens, an educity under construction at picturesque 243 acres at Panakkad in the city is a PPP joint venture of Inkel and KSIDC subsidiary called Inkid. Once completed, the edu health city would have premier institutions like Institute of Engineering & Technology, International Business School, School of Media and Law, International Residential School, Finishing School, Hospitality and Residential Areas etc. Currently NTTF has started INKEL-NTTF Technical Training Centre offering Diploma courses in Electronics and Mechatronics and Institute of Gems and Jewellery offering various courses related to Jewellery field. Many other institutions are also under construction in the premises and are expected to commence operation by 2016. Master plan of the educity is done by Indian studio of German firm BDP (Building Design Partnership).

===Al Abeer Educity===

Al Abeer Educity is another educational project underway at Malappuram promoted by Saudi-based Al abeer group. It is an 8 billion project comprising Medical College, Hospital, Business School, Institute of Engineering, International School, Health Spa etc. This 70+ acre project is getting established at Melmuri in the city. Medical College is expected to open by 2016.

===Eranad Knowledge City===
Eranad Knowledge City at [[Manjeri]] is a first of its kind project in the state.<ref name="ekcm"/> It is chain of professional colleges, other colleges, and schools based at [[Manjeri]].<ref name="ekcm"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Education in Perinthalmanna]]
*[[Administration of Malappuram district|Administration of Malappuram]]
*[[History of Malappuram district|History of Malappuram]]
*[[List of desoms in Malappuram district (1981)|List of desoms in Malappuram (1981)]]
*[[List of Gram Panchayats in Malappuram district|List of Gram Panchayats in Malappuram]]
*[[List of people from Malappuram district|List of people from Malappuram]]
*[[List of villages in Malappuram district|List of villages in Malappuram]]
*[[Transportation in Malappuram district|Transportation in Malappuram]]
*[[Malappuram metropolitan area]]
*[[Malappuram district]]
*[[South Malabar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Malappuram district
|North = [[Wayanad district]]
|Northeast = [[Nilgiris district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Palakkad district]]
|South = [[Thrissur district]]
|Southwest =
|West = ''[[Arabian Sea]]([[Lakshadweep Sea]])''
|Northwest = [[Kozhikode district]]
}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Articles Related to Malappuram district
| list =
{{Cities, towns and villages in Malappuram district}}
{{Malappuram district}}
{{Educational institutes in Malappuram}}
{{South Malabar}}
{{Malabar}}
{{Kerala}}
{{Kerala topics}}
}}

[[Category:Education in Malappuram| ]]
[[Category:Education in Malappuram district| ]]
[[Category:Kerala education-related lists]]

Haridwar Prasad Singh

2026-04-19T10:56:49Z

Gyani24: new first bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Former Indian parliamentarian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = File:Haridwar Prasad Singh Kushwaha.jpg
| name =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency]], [[Bihar]]
| salary1 =
| term_start1 = 1998
| term_end1 = 1999
| predecessor1 =
| successor =
| party = [[Samata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| image_upright =
}}

'''Haridwar Prasad Singh''' (also known as H.P Singh) was an Indian politician based in [[Bihar]], who was elected to Indian Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency]]. He was elected to 12th Lok Sabha and he defeated [[Chandradeo Prasad Verma]] of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] to become a parliamentarian. Singh was a member of [[Samata Party]] while he was elected to Lok Sahha.<ref name=LS>{{cite web|url=https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3925.htm|title=Lok Sabha Profile|website=Lok Sabha|accessdate=24 October 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022092441/https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3925.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Life==
Singh was born on 27 September 1947 to L.P Singh in Bhojpur district of Bihar. He was educated till matriculation and married at an early age to B. Devi. In early part of his life, he worked as an agriculturist and trade union leader. His political career got a boost when he was elected to 12th Lok Sabha in 1998 Indian General Elections. In his role as a parliamentarian, he became a member of Committee on Public Undertakings and Committee on Human Resource Development. He also remained a member of consultative committee on food and consumer affairs.<ref name=LS/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2004/candidate.php?candidate_id=438|title=H.P Singh profile|website=Myneta|accessdate=24 October 2023|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127182829/https://www.myneta.info/loksabha2004/candidate.php?candidate_id=438|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-ara-lok-sabha-seat-equation-caste-vote-share-election-history-latest-update-bjp-rk-singh-nda-rjd-mgb-8700595.html|title=Arrah Lok Sabha constituency, will BJP become victorious?|website=Hindustan|accessdate=18 October 2023|archive-date=15 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015004126/https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-ara-lok-sabha-seat-equation-caste-vote-share-election-history-latest-update-bjp-rk-singh-nda-rjd-mgb-8700595.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh was also engaged in numerous socio-cultural activities. He worked for upliftment of downtrodden and also worked for people affected by natural disasters. Singh also worked for environmental conservation.<ref name=LS/>

Singh was a vice president of Paradeep port labour union and General Secretary of [[Food Corporation of India]] workers' union. He was also a member of minerals and Metals Trading Corporation Workers'
Union. For the upliftment of downtrodden, he founded Bharatiya Samajik Utthan Sansthan. He was also known for his initiative in the sector of education and was one of the members of Ghanshyam Hemlata Vidya Mandir Society. Besides these, he was also associated with Minimum Wages Advisory Committee and Zonal Railway Users Consultative Committee of the Eastern Railway.<ref name=LS/>

==Commemoration==
Singh was commemorated in 2013, for his role in labour movement. The commemoration ceremony was held in a cultural program organised to mourn his death which ended his years long role in upliftment of labourers by ensuring humane working condition and living wage. This ceremony was hosted by Arrah district unit of [[Akhil Bhartiya Kushwaha Mahasabha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhojpur-10871815.html|title=मजदूर नेता हरिद्वार बाबू के निधन पर शोक सभाएं|website=Dainik Jagran|accessdate=24 October 2023|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024173221/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhojpur-10871815.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Haridwar Prasad}}
[[Category:Samata Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Bhojpur district, India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]

Bigg Boss Kannada

2026-04-18T07:30:32Z

Gyani24: stub

{{Short description|Indian reality television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Bigg Boss Kannada Logo.jpg
| caption = ''Bigg Boss'' Season 12 poster with host [[Sudeepa]]
| native_name =
| genre =
| based_on =
| presenter = [[Sudeepa]]
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 12
| network = [[ETV Kannada]] {{small|(Season 1)}} [[Star Suvarna]] {{small|(Season 2)}} [[Colors Kannada]] {{small|(Season 3, 4, 7–12)}} [[Colors Super]] {{small|(Season 5 & 6)}}
| first_aired = {{start date|2013|3|24|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| num_episodes = 1241 
| company = [[Endemol India]]
| alt_name =
| location = [[Lonavala]] {{small|(Season 1 & 2)}} [[Bengaluru]] {{small|(Season 3–12)}}
| image_size = 300
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| related = ''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Kannada TV series)|Bigg Boss OTT]]''
}}

'''''Bigg Boss Kannada''''', also known as '''''BBK''''', is the [[Kannada]] version<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://endemolshineindia.in/key-shows/biggboss-kanada/|title=Biggboss –Kanada – Endemol|website=endemolshineindia.in|language=en-US|access-date=11 September 2017}}</ref> of the [[Reality television|reality TV]] show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'', which is broadcast in [[India]] through the [[Colors Kannada]] channel. The show is produced by [[Endemol]] Shine India, which owns the global format of ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]''. [[Sudeepa|Kiccha Sudeepa]] was hired to host the reality show in 2013 for the first season<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/sudeep-to-play-salman-khan-in-kannada-version-of-bigg-boss_128946.html|title = Sudeep to play Salman Khan in Kannada version of 'Bigg Boss'|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = [[Zee News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-gets-kannada-makeover-1805693|title = 'BIGG BOSS' GETS KANNADA MAKEOVER|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.dnaindia.com|date = 28 February 2013}}</ref> on ETV Kannada (now Colors Kannada). Later, he continued as a host of the show.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Kannada 8: Host Kiccha Sudeep reveals the logo of the upcoming season - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-8-host-kiccha-sudeep-reveals-the-logo-of-the-upcoming-season/articleshow/80504765.cms|access-date=2021-01-28|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Overview==
===The 'Bigg Boss' house===
A 'Bigg Boss' House is constructed for every season. For the first two seasons, the house was located in [[Lonavala]], in the [[Pune]] district of [[Maharashtra]], where the Hindi version of ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' usually takes place. As the schedules for the Hindi and Kannada versions were expected to overlap, a house exclusively for the Kannada version was built at Innovative Film City in [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka for the third season. This continued to be the location of the house for subsequent seasons of ''Bigg Boss Kannada''. Each house built for a season of ''Bigg Boss'' is retained until the start of next season and is open to the public as an attraction.

The house is usually well-furnished and decorated, with modern amenities and a large, common bedroom for all contestants. The house would also have toilets, a swimming pool, gymnasium and spacious gardens. There are show-specific activity areas and a small sound-proof room with controlled entrance called the 'confession room', where the housemates are called in by the Bigg Boss for the nomination process and other conversations.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=What really goes on in Bigg Boss house?|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/08/slide-show-1-sneak-peek-into-bigg-boss-house.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=20 December 2010|author=Rajul Hegde|date=8 October 2009}}</ref> Starting from the second season, there was also a luxurious single bedroom for the captain. This season also introduced a secret room with bed and other facilities, where an evicted contestant, if selected by the Bigg Boss to continue the game, would be retained for a week or two and then returned to the show.

The house has no television connection (except for the day where the show host Sudeep converses with the contestants through the TV), telephones, Internet access, clocks or writing equipment, complying with worldwide rules of ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]''.

The house was reduced to ashes on 22 February 2018, and had to be rebuilt for the sixth season.<ref name="bb">{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss |url=http://endemol.co.in/what-we-do/non-fiction/big-boss/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728225652/http://endemol.co.in/what-we-do/non-fiction/big-boss/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 July 2010 |publisher=Endemol |access-date=20 December 2010}}</ref>

===The 'Eye' logo===
Each season gets its own 'Eye' logo similar to the ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' and ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]'' shows. The first season of ''Bigg Boss Kannada'' on [[ETV Kannada]] inherited its logo from the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 6|sixth season]] of its [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Hindi counterpart]] in the form of a human eye with an eyeball displaying the [[SMPTE color bars]], against a purple background with lightning storm. The second season moved to [[Suvarna TV]] and had a dedicated logo in the form of a more detailed human eye against a background which split the 'hot' (orange) and 'cold' (blue) sides of the personalities in the house. This logo also had the text 'Season 2' inserted below the eye. The third season returned to the previous broadcaster, then re-branded as [[Colors Kannada]], and the logo was adapted from the first season version; it used a purple background with a tornado and the season number was not mentioned.

The fourth season logo featured a futuristic design, with different elements inside the eye, against a background that uses tech elements and logos from the previous season on a dominant blue color. It was partially derived from the eye used for the [[Big Brother (British TV series) series 15|season 15]] of ''[[Big Brother (British TV series)|Big Brother]]'' [[Big Brother (British TV series)|UK]]. The logo used for the [[Bigg Boss Kannada season 5|fifth season]] of ''Bigg Boss Kannada'' was adapted from [[Big Brother (British TV series) series 14|season 14]] of ''Big Brother UK''; it shows a pile of old television sets displaying the SMPTE bars hanging at the center from the top, surrounded by multicolored doors, cupboards, lights and windows forming the shape of an eye against a background of an overcast sky with fireworks. For the sixth season, an 'ice-fire' theme was adopted for the logo while the seventh season's logo was adapted from [[Celebrity Big Brother (British TV series) series 20|season 20]] of ''[[Celebrity Big Brother (British TV series)|Celebrity Big Brother]]'' [[Celebrity Big Brother (British TV series)|UK]].

===House rules===
While not all the rules have ever been disclosed to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lights-or-not-camera-action/Article1-610659.aspx|title=Lights or not, camera, action|date=9 October 2010|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 December 2010|author=Malvika Nanda|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130185739/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lights-or-not-camera-action/Article1-610659.aspx|archive-date=30 November 2010}}</ref> The inmates should talk in [[Kannada]] at all times, although minimal use of English is allowed. The property of the house, including the electronic equipment and the furniture, should not be tampered with or damaged by the housemates. The housemates cannot leave the house premises at any time except when permitted. Sleeping is only allowed when the lights go off in the night. Liquor is forbidden and housemates can only smoke in the smoking area. A housemate can not assault another housemate physically; if they do so, they will be eliminated from the house.

===Nomination===
Nomination is a mandatory activity, usually taking place on first day of the week in which all housemates need to take part unless directed by Bigg Boss. Each housemate nominates two other housemates for eviction. Housemates receiving the most nomination votes are nominated for eviction from the house and undergo a public vote (through SMS). On the weekend episode, usually the one contestant with the lowest vote will be evicted from the house. A housemate may also be directly nominated for eviction by that week's captain of the house or for other reasons by the Bigg Boss. Housemates who are awarded 'immunity' cannot be nominated by other contestants. Immunity is automatically given to the week's captain and can be earned by contestants through winning specific tasks or achieving secret tasks given by Bigg Boss. Sometimes, the captain can make a contestant immune from nomination upon Bigg Boss' direction. The housemates are not allowed to discuss the nominations or the nomination process with each other.

===House captaincy===
The captaincy concept was introduced in the second season. A captain is selected for every week by Bigg Boss through specific tasks or elected by the housemates. The captain has additional privileges in the form of immunity from nomination that week, exemption from participating in the task activities, and a separate bedroom with more facilities more than those of other contestants. The captain is exempt from nomination that week and has the power to either nominate a housemate directly, make a housemate immune from nomination or rescue a nominated housemate, depending on Bigg Boss' decisions. The captain's main duty is to supervise the weekly task, making sure its conditions are met and the task is performed well to procure a 'luxury budget' for the next week. Captains should also keep an eye on house rules and may punish a housemate for violating the rules.

=== Broadcast ===
''Bigg Boss Kannada'' premiered on [[ETV Kannada]], with the second season airing on [[Star Suvarna]]. Seasons three and four were broadcast on [[Colors Kannada]], while seasons five and six aired on [[Colors Super]]. From the seventh season onwards, Bigg Boss Kannada was aired on Colors Kannada and was also made available for streaming on [[Voot]]. Each day's episodes contain the main events of the previous day. Every Sunday episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host. For the seventh season the eviction process was changed to the Saturday episode.

==Season summaries==

{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 1|border=0}}
===Season 1===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 1}}
The first season of ''Bigg Boss Kannada'' was launched in 2013 and derived many of its concepts from the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 6|sixth season]] of the original ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'' including the visual elements and the house itself, with slight alterations. 'Howdu Swami!' ('Yes Sir!') was adopted as the slogan for this season and the theme song for the show was sung by [[Vijay Prakash]]. The show was aired on [[ETV Kannada]] from Mondays to Saturdays from 8 pm to 9 pm, premiering on 24 March 2013. The tasks and house activities would take place from Mondays to Thursdays following a special episode on Fridays, 'Varada Kathe Kicchana Jothe' ('The Week's Story with Kiccha') in which the show's host Sudeep would appear and carryout the eviction for the week. Sudeep's appearance would continue on the next day's special episode, 'Super Saturday with Sudeep' where an interview of the evicted contestant and a promotion for an upcoming movie would take place with a celebrity guest on the stage with Sudeep. The programming that included the unseen content, 'Bigg Boss Unseen' was aired from 11 pm to 12 am on weeknights. A marathon of all the episodes of the week would run on Sundays from morning. All the episodes were available online on YouTube and the official website of Bigg Boss Kannada after the original airing. The finale of the show was aired on 30 June 2013. Post conclusion of the season, a spin-off programming 'Bigg Boss Autograph' was aired on the same time-slot which consisted of interviews on the journey of fellow contestants in the show. As of date, the episodes from this season are not available online.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 2|border=0}}
===Season 2===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 2}}
The second season moved to [[Asianet Communications|Asianet]] [[Suvarna TV|Suvarna]] and was launched in 2014. A new logo and a house exclusive to the Kannada version were created for this season along with a new theme song, with [[Vijay Prakash]] reprising his singing role. The slogan for this season was 'Thamashene Alla!' ('Not a Joke at all!'). The season premiered on 29 June 2014 with many new elements getting introduced, including the house captaincy. The programming was increased by a day to include Sundays and the weekly activities would take place from Mondays to Fridays from this season. Eviction episodes with Sudeep, 'Kicchinca Kathe Kicchana Jothe' ('Igniting Story with Kiccha') was aired on Saturdays followed by special episodes for interviews and movie promotions 'Sakkath Sunday with Sudeep' on Sundays. The unseen content for the season, 'Innu Ide Nodi Swami!' ('There's more to watch, Sir!') was aired from 11 pm to 12 am on weeknights. A marathon of all the episodes of the week would run on Sundays from morning. All the episodes were available online on YouTube and the official website of Suvarna after the original airing. The finale of the show was aired on 5 October 2014. After the season concluded, 'Bigg Boss Autograph' was aired on the same time-slot. As of date, the episodes from this season are not available online.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 3|border=0}}
===Season 3===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 3}}
The third season returned to the previous broadcaster, then re-branded to [[Colors Kannada]] from [[ETV Kannada]]. This was the first season to take place inside Karnataka, in a house bigger than the previous ones, built exclusively for the Kannada version at the Innovative Film City in Bengaluru. The season used many elements including the theme song and the logo with slight modifications from the first season. The season was also the first one to omit unseen content programming and online voting. The season premiered on 25 October 2015 and 'Naatakakke Illi Jaaga Illa!' ('There is no place for drama here!') was the slogan of this season. As with the usual format, the episodes would be aired from Mondays to Sundays, this time an hour later than the previous seasons. The time-slot from the third season has been 9 pm to 10 pm on weeknights. The eviction episode, 'Varada Kathe Kicchana Jothe' ('The Week's Story with Kiccha') returned and was aired on Saturdays and continued with 'Super Sunday with Sudeep' on Sundays. The 'Bigg Boss Autograph' for Season 3 was hosted by Rishika Singh, alumna of the first season of Bigg Boss Kannada. The show's finale was aired on 31 January 2016. The episodes from this season were not available online after the airing, however were later made available on [[Voot]] platform.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 4|border=0}}
===Season 4===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 4}}
The fourth season was aired on [[Colors Kannada]] and [[Colors Kannada]] HD and was the first season to broadcast the episodes in [[High-definition television|high-definition]] format. 'Kandiro Mukhagala Kanade Iro Mukha!' ('Unseen faces of the seen faces!') was the tagline for this season. The season premiered on 9 October 2016 with the same time-slot as of previous season. The format was same as that of previous season, with the same weekend programming with slight alteration in the Sunday's 'Super Sunday with Sudeepa'. The online voting was omitted for this season too but the unseen content was given more importance and a spin-off programming named 'Bigg Boss Night Shift' was aired on Colors Kannada's sister channel [[Colors Super]] from 10 pm to 11 pm every day. This show acted as the supplement for the main show and contained unseen footage with commentary. The spin-off was hosted by Rehman Haseeb, the Bigg Boss alumnus from 3rd Season. Also, on the [[Viacom 18]]'s [[Over-the-top content|OTT]] platform [[Voot]], two exclusive short-shows (referred to as Voot Shorts) were being streamed; both hosted by Rehman. 'Doddmane Suddi' ('News from the Big House') highlighted the events of the day's show before going on air and 'Theremareya Kathe' ('Story behind the Scenes') showed the unseen footage from the show which are not aired on the original episodes. Rehman also hosted a 30-minute interview about the in-house experience of the evicted contestants every weekend in 'Just Maath Maathalli' ('Just in the Talks'), yet another Voot exclusive show. The show was extended for two weeks and the finale took place on 29 January 2017. The final 14 episodes were aired on [[Colors Super]] and the finale was simulcast on Colors Kannada, Colors Kannada HD and Colors Super. The 'Bigg Boss Autograph' for this season was hosted by Niranjan Deshpande, an alumnus from the same season. All the episodes were made available online on [[Voot]] platform after original airing.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 5|border=0}}
===Season 5===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 5}}
The fifth season was moved to [[Colors Super]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ColorsSuper/photos/a.632890860218180.1073741829.622443414596258/850798288427435/?type=3&theater|title=Colors Super|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> and premiered on 15 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-season-5-to-go-air-from-october-15/articleshow/60804083.cms|title=Bigg Boss season 5 to go on air from October 15 – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ColorsSuper/videos/849831051857492/|title=Colors Super|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> The show duration was increased by 30 minutes from this season and the episodes were aired throughout the week from 8:00 pm to 9:30 pm. The major addition to this season was that the housemates included contestants from the public, selected through audition process along with the celebrities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/heres-your-chance-to-enter-bigg-boss-house/articleshow/59470029.cms|title=Here's your chance to enter into Bigg Boss house – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=10 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2017/apply-online-for-bigg-boss-kannada-season-5-264880.html|title=Grab Your Only Chance To Be A Participant On The Reality Show, Bigg Boss Kananda Season 5|date=7 July 2017|work=www.filmibeat.com|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> The format of the show continued to be the same as that of previous seasons while the Sunday's episode had a major change. The 'Super Sunday with Sudeepa' episodes included a special segment called 'Kicchan Time' ('Kiccha's / Kitchen Time'), a cookery show in which Sudeep, the host cooks with the celebrity guests invited for promotions. Unseen content was not aired on TV for this season and was made exclusive to [[Voot]] platform with two short-shows 'Unseen Avantara' ('Unseen Nuisance') / 'Unseen Kathegalu' ('Unseen Stories') and 'Deep Agi Nodi' ('Watch it Deep') being produced. There was no tagline for this season and online voting was not included. The episodes in [[High-definition television|high-definition]] format were simulcast on [[Colors Kannada]] HD. All the episodes and daily highlights were made available on [[Voot]] platform after original airing.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 6|border=0}}
===Season 6===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 6}}

The sixth season premiered on 21 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/meet-the-probable-contestants-of-bigg-boss-kannada-season-6/articleshow/66292622.cms|title=Meet the probable contestants of Bigg Boss Kannada season 6 – Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> All the episodes and daily highlights were made available on [[Voot]] platform after original airing. For this season, the number of auditioned contestants (commoners) increased to half of the housemate population; 9 celebrities and 9 commoners entered the house on the premiere. Integration of the show with Voot deepened with exclusive content for the platform in the form of 'Deep Agi Nodi' ('Watch it Deep'), 'Unseen Kathegalu' ('Unseen Stories'), 'Voot Weekly', 'Voot Fryday','Bigg Inn' and 'Bigg Bang'. 'Bigg Prashne' ('Bigg Question') enabled audience to ask their questions to the fellow contestants through the Voot app and selected questions would be asked by Sudeep on the Saturday episode. A major change was made to the voting for nominated contestants; voting was made exclusive on Voot from this season. Continuing its run on [[Colors Super]], the episodes in [[High-definition television|high-definition]] format were simulcast on [[Colors Kannada]] HD. All the episodes and daily highlights were made available on [[Voot]] platform after original airing.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 7|border=0}}
===Season 7===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 7}}
The seventh season was moved back to [[Colors Kannada]] and an 'all-celebrity' model was re-introduced for the show. The show premiered on 13 October 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-7-to-premiere-on-october-13/articleshow/71359528.cms|title=Bigg Boss Kannada 7 to premiere on October 13 – Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=1 October 2019}}</ref> and 18 celebrity contestants entered the house. Time-slot was also pushed to 9:00 pm to 10:30 pm with high-definition simulcast on [[Colors Kannada]] HD. All the episodes and daily highlights were made available on [[Voot]] platform after original airing. Voting continued to be exclusive to Voot platform and exclusive content in the form of 'Deep Agi Nodi' ('Watch it Deep'), 'Unseen Kathegalu' ('Unseen Stories'), 'Bigg Inn', 'Voot Weekly' and 'Voot Fryday' were produced. It was made possible for the audience to choose the Friday task for the contestants through 'Voot Fryday'; audience were also able to record and send a video of themselves sharing their opinions on the fellow contestants through 'Video Vichaara', through the Voot app and selected videos would be shown on the TV inside the Bigg Boss house. Another change was brought to the eviction episode where on the Saturday episode, the saved contestants would be declared, reducing the nominated contestants to 2 or 3 of which one would be evicted on the Sunday episode as opposed to the previous seasons where the evictions used to happen on the Saturday episode.
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 8|border=0}}
===Season 8===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 8}}
{{empty section|date=January 2026}}
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 9|border=0}}
===Season 9===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 9}}
{{empty section|date=January 2026}}
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 10|border=0}}
===Season 10===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 10}}
{{empty section|date=January 2026}}
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 11|border=0}}
===Season 11===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 11}}
{{empty section|date=January 2026}}
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{{cot|autocollapse=yes|title=Season 12|border=0}}
===Season 12===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Kannada season 12}}
{{empty section|date=January 2026}}
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==Series details==
{{Series overview
| auxA = Host
| auxB = House Location
| infoA = Days
| infoB = Housemates
| infoC = Prize Money
| infoD = Winner
| infoE = Runner-up

| color1 = #FEDF00
| link1 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 1
| auxA1 = [[Sudeepa]]
| auxB1 = [[Lonavala]]
| infoA1 = 98
| infoB1 = 15
| infoC1 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD1 = [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
| infoE1 = [[Arun Sagar]]
| episodes1 = 99
| start1 = {{start date|2013|03|24|df=yes}}
| end1 = {{end date|2013|06|30|df=yes}}
| network1 = [[ETV Kannada]]

| color2 = #FF7F50
| link2 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 2
| infoA2 = 98
| infoB2 = 15
| infoC2 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD2 = [[Akul Balaji]]
| infoE2 = [[Srujan Lokesh]]
| episodes2 = 99
| start2 = {{start date|df=yes|2014|06|29}}
| end2 = {{end date|df=yes|2014|10|05}}
| network2 = [[Star Suvarna]]

| color3 = #4B0082
| link3 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 3
| auxB3 = [[Bengaluru]]
| infoA3 = 98
| infoB3 = 18
| infoC3 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD3 = [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]
| infoE3 = [[Chandan Kumar]]
| episodes3 = 99
| start3 = {{start date|df=yes|2015|10|25}}
| end3 = {{end date|df=yes|2016|01|31}}
| network3 = [[Colors Kannada]]

| color4 = #00BFFF
| link4 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 4
| infoA4 = 112
| infoB4 = 18
| infoC4 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD4 = [[Pratham (Kannada actor)|Pratham]]
| infoE4 = Kirik Keerthi
| episodes4 = 113
| start4 = {{start date|df=yes|2016|10|09}}
| end4 = {{end date|df=yes|2017|01|29}}

| color5 = #FF69B4
| link5 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 5
| infoA5 = 105
| infoB5 = 20
| infoC5 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD5 = [[Chandan Shetty]]
| infoE5 = Divakar
| episodes5 = 106
| start5 = {{start date|df=yes|2017|10|15}}
| end5 = {{end date|df=yes|2018|01|28}}
| network5 = [[Colors Super]]

| color6 = #8b0000
| link6 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 6
| infoA6 = 98
| infoB6 = 20
| infoC6 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD6 = Shashi Kumar
| infoE6 = [[Naveen Sajju]]
| episodes6 = 99
| start6 = {{start date|df=yes|2018|10|21}}
| end6 = {{end date|df=yes|2019|01|27}}

| color7 = #151B54
| link7 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 7
| infoA7 = 112
| infoB7 = 20
| infoC7 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD7 = [[Shine Shetty]]
| infoE7 = [[Kuri Prathap|Kuri Pratap]]
| episodes7 = 113
| start7 = {{start date|2019|10|13|df=yes}}
| end7 = {{end date|2020|02|02|df=yes}}
| network7 = [[Colors Kannada]]

| color8 = #FF6F62
| link8 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 8
| infoA8 = 117
| infoB8 = 20
| infoC8 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD8 = Manju Pavagada
| infoE8 = [[Aravind KP]]
| episodes8 = 118{{efn|[[Bigg Boss Kannada season 8|BIGG BOSS Kannada Season 8]] was suspended on 8 May 2021, due to the increase in the rage of COVID-19 in India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-08|title=Bigg Boss Kannada Season 8 cancelled due to raging Covid-19 pandemic|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-kannada-season-8-cancelled-due-to-raging-covid-19-pandemic-7307294/|access-date=2021-05-08|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>}}
| episodes8A = 71
| episodes8B = 46
| start8A = {{start date|2021|02|28|df=yes}}
| start8B = {{start date|2021|06|23|df=yes}}
| end8A = {{end date|2021|05|09|df=yes}}
| end8B = {{end date|2021|08|08|df=yes}}

| color11 = #F6BE00
| link11 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 9
| linkT11 = 9
| infoA11 = 98
| infoB11 = 18
| infoC11 ={{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD11 = [[Roopesh Shetty]]
| infoE11 = [[Rakesh Adiga]]
| episodes11 = 98
| start11 = {{start date|2022|09|24|df=yes}}
| end11 = {{end date|2022|12|31|df=yes}}

| color12 = orange
| link12 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 10
| linkT12 = 10
| infoA12 = 111
| infoB12 = 19
| infoC12 ={{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD12 = [[Karthik Mahesh]]
| infoE12 = Drone Prathap
| episodes12 = 112
| start12 = {{start date|2023|10|08|df=yes}}
| end12 = {{end date|2024|01|28|df=yes}}

| color13 = #ff681e
| link13 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 11
| linkT13 = 11
| infoA13 = 119
| infoB13 = 20
| infoC13 ={{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD13 = [[Hanumantha Lamani]]
| infoE13 = Trivikram
| episodes13 = 120
| start13 = {{start date|2024|09|29|df=yes}}
| end13 = {{end date|2025|01|26|df=yes}}

| color14 = #4A148C
| link14 = Bigg Boss Kannada season 12
| linkT14 = 12
| infoA14 = 112
| infoB14 = 24
| infoC14 ={{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD14 = [[Gilli Nata]]
| infoE14 = Rakshitha Shetty
| episodes14 = 112
| start14 = {{start date|2025|09|28|df=yes}}
| end14 = 18 January 2026
}}

===''Bigg Boss Mini Season''===
{{Series overview
| auxA = Host
| auxB = House Location
| infoA = Days
| infoB = Housemates
| color9 = #800080
| link9 =
| linkT9 = 1
| auxA9 = [[Sudeepa]]
| auxB9 = [[Bengaluru]]
| infoA9 = 6
| infoB9 = 15
| episodes9 = 23
| start9 = {{start date|2021|08|14|df=yes}}
| end9 = {{end date|2021|09|21|df=yes}}
|network9 = [[Colors Kannada]]
}}

===''Bigg Boss OTT''===
{{Series overview
| auxA = Host
| auxB = House Location
| infoA = Days
| infoB = Housemates
| infoC = Prize Money
| infoD = Top Performer
| infoE = Champions
| color10 = #00A1C9
| link10 = Bigg Boss OTT (Kannada TV series) season 1
| linkT10 = 1
| auxA10 = [[Sudeepa]]
| auxB10 = [[Bengaluru]]
| infoA10 = 42
| infoB10 = 16
| infoC10 ={{INRConvert|5|l}}
| infoD10 = [[Roopesh Shetty]]
| infoE10 = {{nowrap|[[Rakesh Adiga]]}} {{nowrap|Aryavardhan Guruji}}, Sanya Iyer
| episodes10 = 42
| start10 = {{start date|2022|08|6|df=yes}}
| end10 = {{end date|2022|09|16|df=yes}}
|network10 = [[Voot]]
}}

===Note===
{{notelist}}

== Housemate summary ==

*''Note: (WC) means wildcard contestant.''
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 80%; line-height:20px; width:auto;"
!Seasons
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 1|S1]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 2|S2]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 3|S3]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 4|S4]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 5|S5]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 6|S6]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 7|S7]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 8|S8]]
!MS
![[Bigg Boss OTT (Kannada TV series) season 1|OTT]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 9|S9]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 10|S10]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 11|S11]]
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 12|S12]]
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| Order of Entry
! colspan="14" |'''Housemates'''
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 1
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Narendra Babu Sharma
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Akul Balaji]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Bhavana Belagere
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Pratham (Kannada actor)|Pratham]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Jaya Sreenivasan
| style="background: #fff;" |Sonu Patil
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Kuri Prathap|Kuri Pratap]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Dhanushree
|[[Akul Balaji]]
|bgcolor=#ffee91|[[Roopesh Shetty]]
|[[Arun Sagar]]
|Namratha Gowda
|style="background: #eefbf8;" | [[Bhavya Gowda]]
|Sudhir Balraj
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 2
| style="background: #fff;" |Leelavathi S M
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Deepika Kamaiah]]
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Chandan Kumar]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Sheetal Shetty
| style="background: #fff;" |Megha
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Andrew Jaypaul
| style="background: #fff;" |Priyanka Shivanna
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Shubha Poonja]]
|[[Kiran Raj]]
|style="background: #f2eeff;" |Aryavardhan
|[[Mayuri Kyatari]]
|Snehith Gowda
|[[Yamuna Srinidhi]]
|Kavya Shaiva
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 3
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Arun Sagar]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Laya kokolla
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Huccha Venkat]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Shalini Satyanarayan
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Jayashree
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Ravi Belagere]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Shankar Ashwath
|Kaustuba Mani
|style="background:#f2eeff|[[Rakesh Adiga]]
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |
Deepika Das
|Eshani Chandrashekar
|Dhanraj Achar
|Satish Cadaboms
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 4
| style="background: #fff;" |Shwetha Pandit
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Harshika Poonacha]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Jayashree Ramaiah
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |Kirik Keerthi
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Sihi Kahi Chandru]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Rakesh
| style="background: #fff;" |Chandana Ananthakrishna
| style="background: #fff;" |Vishwanath Haveri
|Chandana Ananthakrishna
|style="background: #f2eeff;" |Sanya Iyyer
|Nawaz
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Vinay Gowda
|Gauthami Jadav
|[[Gilli Nata]]
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 5
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Vinayak Joshi]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Santhosh
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Kruttika Ravindra|Kruthika Ravindra]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Malavika Avinash]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Shruthi Prakash
| style="background: #fff;" |Murali
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" | Vaishnavi Gowda
|Prerna Kambam
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |Jashwanth
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Divya Uruduga
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Santhosh Kumar
|Anusha Rai
|Jhanvi R
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 6
| style="background: #fff;" |Aparna
| style="background: #fff;" |Neethu Shetty
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Madhuri Itagi]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Kavya Shastri
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Anupama Gowda]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Akshatha Pandavapura
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Deepika Das
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Aravind KP]]
|Abhinav Vishwanathan
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |Sonu Sreenivas Gowda
|Darsh Chandrapa
|[[Neethu Vanajakshi]]
|[[Dharma Keerthiraj]]
|Dhanush Gowda
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 7
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Anushree (Kannada actress)|Anushree]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Anitha Bhat
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Master Anand]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Bhuvann Ponnannaa|Bhuvan Ponnanna]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Riyaz Basha
| style="background: #fff;" |Rakshitha Rai
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Jai Jagadish]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Nidhi Subbaiah]]
|Dhanush Gowda
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |Jayashree Aradhya
|Prashant Sambaragi
|Siri Sirija
|Lawyer Jagdish
|Chandra Prabha
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 8
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Tilak Shekar|Thilak Shekar]]
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Srujan Lokesh]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Neravanda Aiyappa]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Sanjana Chidanand
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Niveditha Gowda
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Rapid Rashmi]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Gurulinga Swamy
| style="background: #fff;" |Geeta Bhat
|[[Bhavya Gowda]]
|Arjun Ramesh
|[[Amulya Gowda]]
|[[Snake Shyam]]
|Shishir Shastry
|Manju Bhashini
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 9
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Nikita Thukral|Nikitha Thukral]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Rohith Patel
| style="background: #fff;" |Neha Gowda
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Chaitra H. G.|Chaitra]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Sameer Acharya
| style="background: #fff;" |Adam Pasha
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Bhoomi Shetty]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Shamanth Gowda
|Vaishnavi
|Lokesh
|style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Roopesh Shetty]]
|Bhagyashree Rao
|style="background: #f2eeff;| Trivikram
|Rashika Shetty
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 10
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Vijay Raghavendra]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Shwetha Chengappa|Shweta Chengappa]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Pooja Gandhi]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Dodda Ganesh]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Karthik Jayaram]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Kavitha Gowda]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Kishan Belagali
| style="background: #ffee91;" |Manju Pavagada
|Trivikram
|Uday Surya
|Saanya Iyer
|[[Gaurish Akki]]
|Hamsa Prathap
|Abhishek Shrikanth
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 11
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Chandrika (Kannada actress)|Chandrika]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Mayur Patel
| style="background: #fff;" |Tsunami Kitty
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Vanishree]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Ashitha Chandrappa
| style="background: #fff;" |AV Ravi
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Rashmi (actress)|Duniya Rashmi]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Divya Suresh
|Gagan Chinappa
|Nandini
|Vinod Gobragala
|Michael Ajay
|Manasa Santhosh
|Mathina Mallamma
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 12
| style="background: #fff;" |Jayalakshmi
| style="background: #fff;" |Anupama Bhat
| style="background: #fff;" |Ravi Mooruru
| style="background: #fff;" |Niranjan Deshpande
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |Diwakar
| style="background: #ffee91;" |Shashi Kumar
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Chandan Achar]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Chandrakala Mohan]]
|Ramola
|Spoorthi Gowda
|Neha Gowda
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |Drone Pratap
|Suresh
|Ashvini Lakshmi
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 13
| style="background: #fff;" |Rishi Kumar (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Aadhi Lokesh
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Rehman Haseeb
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Karunya Ram]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Tejaswini Prakash]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Reema Das
| style="background: #fff;" |Sujatha Satyanarayan
| style="background: #fff;" |Raghu Gowda
|Niranjan Deshpande
|Chaithra Halikeri
|style="background: #eefbf8;" | Roopesh Rajanna
|Tanisha Kuppanda
|Aishwarya Shindogi
|Dhruvanth Talwar
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 14
| style="background: #fff;" |Rohan Gowda (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Shakeela]]
| style="background: #fff;" |RJ Nethra
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Mohan Shankar]]
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Chandan Shetty]]
| style="background: #f2eeff;" |Naveen Sajju
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Raju Talikote]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" | Prashanth Sambargi
|Ritvvik Mathad
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |Somanna Machimada
|style="background: #f2eeff;" |[[Rakesh Adiga]]
|Rakshak Sena
|Chaithra Kundapura
|Rakshita Shetty
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 15
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Rishika Singh]] (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Guruprasad]] (WC)
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Shruthi]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Rekha
| style="background: #fff;" |Suma Rajkumar
| style="background: #fff;" |Sneha Acharya
| style="background: #fff;" |Chaitra Vasudevan
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Divya Uruduga
|Nayana
|Kiran
Yogeshwar
|Aryavardhan
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |[[Sangeetha Sringeri]]
|style="background: #eefbf8;" |Ugram Manju
|LM Karibasappa
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 16
|[[Yogesh (actor)]] (Guest)
|[[Bullet Prakash]] (Guest)
| style="background: #fff;" |Mithra (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Om Prakash Rao]] (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Jagan Chandrashekhar
| style="background: #fff;" |Anand Malagatti
| style="background: #fff;" |Chaitra Kotooru
| style="background: #fff;" |Rajeev
|Yashasvini
|Akshata
Kukki
|[[Aishwarya Pissay]]
| style="background: #eefbf8;" |Santhosh Varthur
|style="background: #eefbf8;" | Mokshith Pai
|Malu Nipanal
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 17
|Rajesh (Guest)
!None
| style="background: #fff;" |Gowthami Gowda (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Sukrutha Wagle]] (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Krishi Thapanda]]
| style="background: #fff;" |Naina Puttaswamy
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Shine Shetty]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Nirmala Chennappa]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |None
|Kavyashree Gowda
| style="background: #ffee91;" |[[Karthik Mahesh]]
|Ranjith
|Spandana Somanna
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 18
! colspan="2" |None
| style="background: #fff;" |Sushma Veer (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Masthan Chandra (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Vaishnavi Menon (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Dhanraj
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Harish Raj]]
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Chakravarthy Chandrachud]](WC)
|[[Anupama Gowda]]
| Avinash Shetty(WC)
| style="background: #ffee91;" |Hanumantha Lamani (WC)
|Ashwini Gowda
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 19
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |None
| style="background: #fff;" |Lasya Nagraj (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |Jeevitha (WC)
| style="background: #fff;" |RJ Prithvi (WC)
|[[Priyanka Thimmesh]](WC)
! rowspan="2" |None
| Pavi Poovappa(WC)
| Shobha Shetty (WC)
|Amith Pawar
|-
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"| 20
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Samyuktha Hegde]](Guest)
| style="background: #fff;" |[[Meghashree]] (WC)
|Raksha Somashekar (WC)
|Vyjayanthi Adiga (WC)
!None
|style="background: #eefbf8;" | Rajath Kishan (WC)
!None
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!Total
!17
!16
!18
!18
!20
!20
!20
!20
!16
!16
!18
!19
!20
!19
|-
| colspan="14" |''' {{color box|gold}} Winner''' ''' {{color box|#f2eeff}} Runner-up''' '''{{color box|#eefbf8}} Finalist'''
|
|}
</blockquote>

== ''Bigg Boss OTT'' ==
{{Main|Bigg Boss OTT (Kannada TV series)}}

The series is also set to roll out a digital version of the show called ''Bigg Boss OTT'', which is also going to be hosted by [[Sudeepa]] and broadcast by [[Voot]] for 24×7 coverage. The series is set to launch on 6 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Kannada OTT: Kiccha Sudeep-hosted reality show to premiere on August 6 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-ott-kiccha-sudeep-hosted-reality-show-to-premiere-on-august-6/articleshow/93057029.cms |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiccha Sudeep to host Bigg Boss Kannada OTT, says new format will keep viewers hooked |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/kiccha-sudeep-to-host-bigg-boss-kannada-ott-says-new-format-will-keep-viewers-hooked-1976036-2022-07-15 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominee
!Result
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2014
|[[ETV Kannada]] Anubandha Awards
|Best Reality Show
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 1|Bigg Boss Kannada (Season 1)]]
|{{won}}
|-
|GCC Media Puraksar – TV & Entertainment<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gardencitycollege.edu/downloads/media_Puraskar.pdf |title=GCC Puraskar Media 2014 (Archived) |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=www.gardencitycollege.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183145/http://www.gardencitycollege.edu/downloads/media_Puraskar.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
|Best Reality Show
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 1|Bigg Boss Kannada (Season 1)]]
|{{won}}
|-
!2015
|[[Colors Kannada]] Anubandha Awards
|Best Non-Fiction Show
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 2|Bigg Boss Kannada (Season 2)]]
|{{nom}}
|-
!2016
|[[Colors Kannada]] Anubandha Awards
|Best Non-Fiction Show
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 3|Bigg Boss Kannada (Season 3)]]
|{{nom}}
|-
!2017
|[[Colors Kannada]] Anubandha Awards
|Best Non-Fiction Show
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 4|Bigg Boss Kannada (Season 4)]]
|{{won}}
|}

==Sponsorship==
Each season has grown in terms of revenue and has attracted prominent brands to sponsor the show.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/bigg-boss-kannada-is-a-success-story-170105|title=Bigg Boss Kannada is a success story|date=5 January 2017|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> The sponsors receive the privilege of getting their brands advertised on the show, in the house as well as during the commercial breaks. Few tasks on the show would be designed in a way such that the brand gets advertised directly. Household articles such as pillows and coffee mugs would usually contain the branding from the sponsor. The sponsors for the show until date are listed in the table below.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Season
!Title Sponsors
!Sponsors
!Online Sponsors
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada 1|Season 1]]
|[[Bhima Jewellers]]
|Paragon Footwear
!None
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada 2|Season 2]]
|[[OLX]].in
|[[WeChat]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>Cera
!None
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada 3|Season 3]]
|[[OLX]].in
|Nisargalaya Brahmi Oil<nowiki> | </nowiki>Gemini Cooking Oil<nowiki> | </nowiki>Eastern Spices
!None
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada 4|Season 4]]
|[[Vaseline]]
|[[Bharti Airtel|Airtel 4G]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[McDowell's No.1]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[MTR Foods]]
!None
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada 5|Season 5]]
|[[Vaseline]]
|[[McDonald's]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>Fogg<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[MTR Foods]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>Cera<nowiki> | </nowiki>Black Bird<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Amazon.in]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Brookside Chocolate]]s
!None
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![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 6|Season 6]]
!None
|[[Vaseline]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Unilever|Rin Detergent]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[McDonald's]]<nowiki> | </nowiki> Polycab CottonKing | [[Levista (coffee)|Levista Coffee]] | [[MTR Foods]] | Apis Honey | India Gate Classic | Fogg | [[Brookside Chocolate]]s
|India Gate Classic<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Nestlé|Nestle Munch]]
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 7|Season 7]]
!None
|[[Lifebuoy (soap)|Lifebuoy]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>Levista Coffee<nowiki> | </nowiki>Cera<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Comfort (fabric softener)|Comfort Fabric Conditioner]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>India Gate Basmati Rice]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Haier]]
|ace2three.com<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Indeed]]
|-
![[Bigg Boss Kannada season 8|Season 8]]
|Wheel 2 in 1
|<nowiki>Freedom Refined Sunflower Oil | </nowiki>[[Lifebuoy (soap)|Lifebuoy]]<nowiki> |</nowiki>
[[Nippon Paint]] |

Fortune Chakki Fresh Atta | [[Levista (coffee)|Levista Instant Coffee]] | [[Haier]] | India Gate Basmati Rice | Denver
|Vimal
|-
!OTT
|Vimal
|Paytm
|KFC
|-
!Season 9
|None
|<nowiki>Nippon Paint | Freedom Refined Sunflower Oil | Finolex Pipes | A23 | Levista Instant Coffee | Haier | Amrith Noni </nowiki>
|None
|-
!Season 10
|None
|<nowiki>Nippon Paint | Freedom Refined Sunflower Oil | Levista Instant Coffee | Cera | Swastiks Masala | India Gate Basmati Rice | Amrith Noni | Haldiram's | Confident Group</nowiki>
|None
|}

==Reception==
The first season of the show became popular<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k13/apr/aprrel8.php|title = ETV Kannada's – Bigg Boss a BIGG hit with the Audience|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.indiantelevision.com}}</ref> and turned out to be a [[Target rating point|TRP]] magnet,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2013/sudeep-bigg-boss-puneet-kannadada-kotyadhipati-112434.html|title = Sudeep's Bigg Boss beats Puneet's Kannadada Kotyadhipati|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.filmibeat.com}}</ref> eventually becoming the No.1 reality show in [[South India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bigg-boss-kannada-trps-soaring-113061900681_1.html|title = 'Bigg Boss Kannada' TRPs soaring|access-date = 6 October 2015|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 19 June 2013}}</ref>

''Bigg Boss Kannada'' moved to [[Asianet Communications|Asianet]]'s [[Suvarna TV|Suvarna]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/suvarna-sets-high-hopes-with-bigg-boss-kannada-2-140624|title = Suvarna sets high hopes with Bigg Boss Kannada 2|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.indiantelevision.com}}</ref> (now under [[Star India]]) for the second season and grew even bigger in the market.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-Kannnada-2-rules-the-air-waves-on-Suvarna-TV-in-its-first-week/articleshow/38201937.cms|title = Bigg Boss Kannnada 2, rules the air waves on Suvarna TV in its first week|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.tellytrp.in/2014/09/bigg-boss-kannada-continues-to-peak-in-season-2.html|title = Bigg Boss' Kannada continues to peak in season 2|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.tellytrp.in|archive-date = 28 September 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150928095014/http://www.tellytrp.in/2014/09/bigg-boss-kannada-continues-to-peak-in-season-2.html|url-status = usurped}}</ref> The channel claimed an approximate increase of 25% in viewership<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/suvarna-claims-25-rise-in-viewers-for-bigg-boss-kannada-2/|title=Suvarna claims 25% rise in viewers for Bigg Boss Kannada 2|website=www.televisionpost.com|access-date=6 October 2015|archive-date=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620103858/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/suvarna-claims-25-rise-in-viewers-for-bigg-boss-kannada-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 400% in online engagement<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fuegosys.com/casestudy/biggboss2-kannada-reality-show/|title=This reality show increased their engagement by 400% online – Fuegosys|work=Fuegosys|access-date=11 September 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=11 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911120519/http://www.fuegosys.com/casestudy/biggboss2-kannada-reality-show/|url-status=dead}}</ref> for the season. The season debuted with 6.7 TVR while averaging 5.7 TVR in its launch week and had a peak rating of 7.9 TVR during the first elimination episode of Saturday.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Bigg Boss Kannnada 2, rules the air waves on Suvarna TV in its first week|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/hindi/bigg-boss-kannnada-2-rules-the-air-waves-on-suvarna-tv-in-its-first-week/articleshow/38201937.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210126075632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/hindi/bigg-boss-kannnada-2-rules-the-air-waves-on-suvarna-tv-in-its-first-week/articleshow/38201937.cms|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

The show returned to Viacom 18<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bigg-boss-kannada-back-on-colors-kannada-115101700639_1.html|title = Bigg Boss Kannada back on Colors Kannada|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.business-standard.com}}</ref> with Sudeep signing to host the next five seasons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2015/omg-what-is-sudeep-remuneration-for-hosting-bigg-boss-191215.html|title=OMG! What Is Sudeep's Remuneration To Host Bigg Boss?|date=20 July 2015|work=www.filmibeat.com|access-date=11 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> The third season was aired on Colors Kannada (rebranded from ETV Kannada) and witnessed a slight fall in the TRP because of a controversy involving a fellow housemate following his immediate elimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Bigg-Boss-Huccha-Venkats-ouster-shoots-up-TRP/articleshow/49945431.cms|title = Bigg Boss: Huccha Venkat's ouster shoots up TRP|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.moviemint.com/trp-ratings-of-big-boss-3-affected-but-why/|title = TRP ratings of Big Boss 3 affected but why?|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.moviemint.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006150817/http://www.moviemint.com/trp-ratings-of-big-boss-3-affected-but-why/|archive-date = 6 October 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> A year later, during the press meet for the fourth season, it was clarified that the TRP fall was a false claim and the ratings actually went up after the elimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/read-what-sudeep-has-to-say-about-bigg-boss-kannada-season-4-243502.html|title = Read What Sudeep Has To Say About Bigg Boss Kannada Season 4|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.filmibeat.com}}</ref>

The fame of the show as of fourth season reached to an extent where the film producers from the Kannada Film Industry and the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce held a protest in front of Innovative Film City in Bidadi, where the Bigg Boss house is located, demanding the actors not to participate or host reality shows on television, also tried to impose a ban on the show because of its popularity affecting the performances of movies in the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Chamber-wants-film-stars-to-stop-working-on-reality-TV-shows/articleshow/54702688.cms|title = CHAMBER WANTS FILM STARS TO STOP WORKING ON REALITY TV SHOWS|access-date = 6 October 2015|website = www.bangaloremirror.com}}</ref>

The [[Bigg Boss Kannada 5|fifth season]] of the show was aired in [[Colors Super]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ColorsSuper/photos/a.632890860218180.1073741829.622443414596258/850798288427435/?type=3&theater|title=Colors Super|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> the second Kannada [[General entertainment channel|GEC]] by Viacom18 to increase the viewership for the channel. The season premiered on 15 October 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-season-5-to-go-air-from-october-15/articleshow/60804083.cms|title=Bigg Boss season 5 to go on air from October 15 – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ColorsSuper/videos/849831051857492/|title=Colors Super|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> and has been the first season to include non-celebrity housemates selected through online audition process.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2017/apply-online-for-bigg-boss-kannada-season-5-264880.html|title=Grab Your Only Chance To Be A Participant On The Reality Show, Bigg Boss Kananda Season 5|date=7 July 2017|work=www.filmibeat.com|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> The grand finale was held on 28 and 29 January 2018 and Chandan Shetty emerged as the winner. Season 6 of Bigg Boss premiered on 21 October 2018 in Colors Super. After a successful season the grand finale was aired on 26 and 27 January 2019 and farmer Shashi Kumar emerged as the winner, with runner-up being singer Naveen Sajju, followed by Kavitha Gowda, Andrew Jayapaul and Rapid Rashmi in the 3rd, 4th and 5th place respectively. Sudeep was the host of this season too.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==Controversies==
{{Main|List of Bigg Boss (Kannada TV series) controversies}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2911448|Bigg Boss Kannada}}

{{Bigg Boss (franchise)}}
{{Bigg Boss Kannada |state=expanded}}
{{Big Brother}}

[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Kannada]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Super original programming]]
[[Category:Star Suvarna original programming]]

Litti (dish)

2026-04-12T07:01:41Z

Gyani24: adding new details needs work

{{Short description|East Indian dish}}
{{redirect|Litti chokha|other uses|Litti Chokha (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Litti
| image = Litti Chokha 2.jpg
| caption = ''Chokha'' surrounded by [[ghee]]-dipped ''litti''
| alternate_name = Baati, Bhauri
| country = [[India]] and [[Nepal]]
| region = [[Bhojpuri region]]
| creator =
| course = [[Snack]], [[main course]]
| served = Any
| main_ingredient = [[Wheat flour]], [[brinjal]], [[onion]], [[Capsicum|peppers]], [[cilantro]], [[mustard oil]], [[gram flour]], [[ghee]]
| variations = [[Baati]]
| calories =
| other =
| associated_cuisine = [[Bhojpuri cuisine]]
}}
[[File:Litti being prepared in a restaurant barbeque in Bengaluru, India.JPG|thumb|Litti preparation in barbeque style in Bengaluru, India.]]
[[File:Litti_Chokha_01.jpg|thumb|Litti chokha]]

'''Litti''' ([[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]: 𑂪𑂲𑂗𑂲 [[Romanization|romanized]]: '''leetee''') is a wholewheat flour dough ball stuffed with a spiced mixture of [[Sattu|satui]] (roasted black chickpea flour).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Amit |first=Dassana |date=2023-02-02 |title=Litti Chokha Recipe {{!}} Litti Recipe |url=https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/litti-chokha-recipe/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Dassana's Veg Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> Litti, along with [[Aloo chokha|chokha]], is a complete meal that is popular in the Indian states of [[Bihar]] especially western Bihar, and [[Purvanchal|eastern Uttar Pradesh]], and the Nepalese provinces of [[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]] and [[Lumbini Province|Lumbini]] (eastern parts).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-01 |title=The evolution of Litti Chokha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/food-story-the-evolution-of-daal-baati-churma-and-litti-chokha/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> It is also a popular [[Street food of India|street food]] in small towns and cities. Over the years it has gained international recognition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Siddhivi |date=Nov 19, 2023 |title=Halls of fame at international trade fair team india is the crowdpuller. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/halls-of-fame-at-international-trade-fair-team-india-is-the-crowdpuller/articleshow/105323356.cms |work=Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=25 November 2021 |title=Development and Standardization of Naturally Fortified Litti – Chokha |url=https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/articles/development-and-standardization-of-naturally-fortified-litti-ndash-chokha.pdf |journal=Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences |volume=3 |issue=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Sanjeev Kumar |title=A signature dish of Bihar: Litti and Chokha |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348360841 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>

It consists of a wheat dough ball filled with a mixture of roasted [[gram flour]], Lemon, spices, and herbs, which is then roasted on hot charcoal or dried cow dung fire. They can also be [[Baking|baked]] in an oven, roasted on a [[tava]] or fried.<ref name=":0" />

== Historical background ==
The history of Litti is deeply rooted in the [[Bhojpuri region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]], particularly in the cities of [[Buxar]] and [[Varanasi|Banaras]]. Both the Panchkosi Jatra and the Lota-Bhanta Mela are significant cultural and religious events in these regions, highlighting the ritualistic importance of Litti.

The Panchkosi Jatra, an annual pilgrimage held in [[Buxar]], involves the circumambulation of five sacred sites. It starts every year on the fifth day of the dark fortnight of [[Agrahayana]] and lasts for five days. According to a legend from the Ramayana, Lord Ram consumed Litti-Chokha during his visit to Charitravan in Buxar while staying at the ashram of Maharishi Vishwamitra. As part of the Panchkosi Jatra, Litti is prepared and offered to Lord Ram as prasad at Charitravan on the final day of the journey, symbolizing devotion and preserving the dish’s ritualistic significance in the area's long-standing traditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar's Panchkosi Fair: A Grand Celebration Of Tradition With Litti-Chokha |url=https://www.news18.com/viral/bihars-panchkosi-fair-a-grand-celebration-of-tradition-with-litti-chokha-9134817.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Litti Chokha: बक्सर में भगवान श्रीराम ने खाया था लिट्टी-चोखा, जानिए क्या है पंचकोशी यात्रा की पौराणिक कथा - Litti Chokha Shriram had eaten Litti Chokha in Buxar know what is the legend of Panchkoshi Yatra |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/buxar-litti-chokha-shriram-had-eaten-litti-chokha-in-buxar-know-what-is-the-legend-of-panchkoshi-yatra-23210003.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

The Lota-Bhanta Mela, held annually in [[Varanasi]], on the sixth day of the dark fortnight of [[Agrahayana]] is another major festival linked to Litti (also called Baati). According to legend, Lord Ram is believed to have visited Kashi twice, performing the sacred Panchkosi Jatra—first to absolve King Dasharatha of a curse and later to atone for Brahmahatya after slaying Ravana. During his second pilgrimage, Lord Ram made a Shivling from sand, performed jalabhishek, and then prepared Litti-Chokha, offering it to Lord Shiva as bhog and later consuming it as prasad, completing his penance. This site is now known as Rameshwar Mahadev. As part of the Lota-Bhanta Mela, devotees bathe in the [[Varuna River]], prepare Litti-Chokha, and offer it to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]], continuing this sacred tradition of devotion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=लोटा-भंटा मेला : मेला जहां वरुणा में स्नान के बाद लगता है भोले को बाटी- चोखा का भोग - Lota Bhanta Mela A symbol of faith fair where after bathing in Varuna bati chokha bhog to shiva in Varanasi Jagran Special |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-lota-bhanta-mela-a-symbol-of-faith-fair-where-after-bathing-in-varuna-bati-chokha-bhog-to-shiva-in-varanasi-jagran-special-22227009.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

The dish has its roots in the cuisine of [[Bihari cuisine|Bihar]], [[Jharkhandi cuisine|Jharkhand]], [[Bhojpuri cuisine|eastern Uttar Pradesh]], and southern Nepal. It has been a part of local diets for centuries, often associated with the peasant and working-class populations. It is also said to have been a staple food for the armies of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadh]] due to its long shelf life and nutritional value.{{fact|date=May 2024}}

== Description ==
Litti is a dough ball made from whole [[wheat flour]], stuffed with [[sattu]] (roasted gram flour) mixed with [[garlic]], ginger, onions, [[coriander]] leaves, [[Lime (fruit)|lime]] juice, [[carom seeds]], [[nigella seeds]], and [[mustard oil]]. Traditionally, it is cooked over a [[coal]] fire, giving it a distinct smoky flavour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bhat |first=kkulvas |date=2021-06-10 |title=Litti Chokha |url=https://www.kitchencultures.online/post/litti-chokha |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=KitchenCultures |language=en}}</ref>

Chokha is prepared by mashing boiled vegetables, typically [[eggplant]], [[Tomato|tomatoes]], and [[Potato|potatoes]], mixed with garlic, green chilies, mustard oil, and various spices to enhance the flavour.{{fact|date=May 2024}}

=== Ingredients ===

* Litti: Whole wheat flour, sattu (roasted gram flour), [[Spice|spices]] (garlic, ginger, carom seeds, nigella seeds), mustard oil and lime juice.
* Chokha: Eggplant, potatoes, [[Tomato|tomatoes]], green chilies, garlic, mustard oil, salt, and [[cilantro]].

=== Preparation ===
Traditionally Litti Chokha is essentially two items Litti and Chokha, often served with accompaniments like pickle, salad, or green peppers.

* '''Litti''': Whole wheat dough balls stuffed with a savory mixture of sattu (roasted chickpea flour), herbs, and spices. These are traditionally roasted over charcoal or cow dung fire for a smoky flavour, but can also be baked or pan-fried.
* '''Chokha''': A mashed vegetable relish made with roasted or grilled eggplant, tomato, and potato. It is often seasoned with onions, garlic, ginger, chilies, and spices. It is also called [[Baingan bharta|Baigan ka bharta]].

Litti is prepared by making dough balls from the wheat flour, which are then filled with the spiced sattu mixture. The balls are then baked until they turn golden brown. Chokha involves roasting or boiling the vegetables, which are then peeled and mashed with the rest of the spices and seasonings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumari |first=Anamika |date=2 February 2024 |title=Famous Street Food of Bihar |url=https://buddymantra.com/famous-20-street-food-of-bihar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605235323/https://buddymantra.com/famous-20-street-food-of-bihar/ |archive-date=5 Jun 2023 |website=Buddymantra.com}}</ref> Street vendors prepare Litti in a [[barbeque]] style.{{fact|date=May 2024}}

==Flavors and variations==
Herbs and spices used to flavour the litti include onion, garlic, ginger, coriander leaves, lime juice, carom seeds, nigella seeds and salt.<ref name="(India)Choudhury1966">{{cite book|author1=Bihar (India)|author2=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|title=Bihar district gazetteers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nw1AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=28 September 2012|year=1966|publisher=Printed by the Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=807}}</ref> In [[Madhesh Province]] of [[Nepal]], ''Litti'' is served with ''Momo Achar''. In western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh, litti is served with ''murgh korma'' (a creamy [[chicken curry]]) or ''chokha'' (a vegetable preparation of roasted and mashed eggplant, tomato, and potato).<ref name="Trefler2011">{{cite book|author=Caroline Trefler|title=Fodor's Essential India: With Delhi, Rajasthan, the Taj Mahal & Mumbai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCbp42bJ8FQC&pg=PA157|accessdate=28 September 2012|date=21 June 2011|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4000-0529-1|pages=157–}}</ref>

== Popularity ==
''Litti-chokha'' was selected to represent the country under the banner of the National Association of Street food Vendors of India (NASVI) at the five-day event in the Philippines capital, Manila.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar's Famous Cuisine Litti-Chokha Set To Compete At The Manila International Food Festival On May 31 |url=https://www.india.com/viral/bihars-famous-cuisine-litti-chokha-set-to-compete-at-the-manila-international-food-festival-on-may-31-2171779/ |website=india.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 May 2017 |title=Bihari delicacy litti-chokha to compete with American, Thai cuisines at Manila food fest |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihari-delicacy-litti-chokha-to-compete-with-american-thai-cuisines-at-manila-food-fest/story-tQupj6gTIpBFfQVhXeou3M.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bhojpuri cuisine]]
* [[Nepalese cuisine]]
* [[Dal bati churma]]
* [[Bihari culture]]
* [[Panipuri|Fuchka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Litti (cuisine)}}

{{Lists of prepared foods|state=collapsed}}
{{portalbar|Nepal|Food|Lists}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nepalese Dishes}}
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine|*]]
[[Category:Bihari cuisine]]
[[Category:Hindu cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:South Asian cuisine]]
[[Category:Vegetarian cuisine]]
[[Category:Vegetarian dishes of India]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Jharkhandi cuisine]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Stuffed dishes]]
[[Category:Indian wheat dishes]]
[[Category:Potato dishes]]

P. C. Vanlalruata

2026-04-11T12:38:03Z

Gyani24: made the info needs work

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = P.C.Vanlalruata
| honorific_suffix =
| image = PC Vanlalruata.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official portrait of Vanlalruata
| office = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Agriculture of Mizoram]]
| term_start = 8 December 2023
| term_end =
| governor = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] [[V. K. Singh]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor = [[C Lalrinsanga]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Co-operation of Mizoram]]
| term_start1 = 8 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| governor1 = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] [[V. K. Singh]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor1 = [[C Lalrinsanga]]
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Irrigation and Water Resources of Mizoram]]
| term_start2 = 8 December 2023
| term_end2 =
| governor2 = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] [[V. K. Singh]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor2 = [[C Lalrinsanga]]
| successor2 =
| office3 = [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = December 2023
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Lalrinawma]]
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[Tuikum Assembly constituency|Tuikum]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|08|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = Chhingchhip, [[Mizoram]]
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]] (since 2017)
| other_party =
| spouse = Vanlalenghluni
| relations =
| children = 1
| mother =
| father = P.C. Rinthanga
| relatives =
| education = MA (Economics)
| alma_mater = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| awards = 
| signature =
}}

'''P. C. Vanlalruata''' is an Indian politician from [[Mizoram]], who is currently the Cabinet Minister for Agriculture, Irrigation & Water Resources
Cooperation Department for the Government of Mizoram.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram ministers list 2023: Full list of ministers and their portfolios in Lalduhoma cabinet |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mizoram-ministers-list-2023-full-list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-lalduhoma-cabinet/3333266/ |website=financialexpress.com |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref>

He was elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Tuikum Assembly constituency]] in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the [[Zoram People's Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuikum Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: ZPM's P.c. Vanlalruata with 7136 defeats MNF's Er. Lalrinawma |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tuikum-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471387-2023-12-04 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==Education==
P. C. Vanlalruata completed his Post Graduate in MA ([[Economics]]) from [[North-Eastern Hill University]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=P.C. VANLALRUATA(Criminal & Asset Declaration) |url=https://www.myneta.info/Mizoram2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=85 |website=myneta.info |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Council of Ministers of Mizoram|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanlalruata, P. C.}}
[[Category:Politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Zoram People's Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:1973 births]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts

2026-04-06T09:56:40Z

Gyani24:

{{short description|State university located in Rohtak, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts
| image_name = Pandit Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts logo.jpg
| motto = कला साधना परम दैवतम्
| mottoeng = Artistic Practice is the Supreme Divine
| established = {{Start date and age|2014}}
| type = [[Public Universities|Public]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Haryana]]
| vice_chancellor = Amit Arya
| city = [[Rohtak]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{coord|28|54|31|N|76|36|24|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline}}
| campus = [[urban area|Urban]], {{convert|36|acre|km2|1|abbr=on}}
| colors = {{scarf|{{cells|3|#D58063}}{{cell|#EFD8CA}}{{cells|3|#D58063}}{{cell|#EFD8CA}}{{cells|3|#D58063}}}}
| students =
| Hostel =
| free_label =
| free =
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{url|https://dlcsupva.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts''',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-07 |title=चौथी बार बदला सुपवा का नाम, अब डीएलसी सुपवा स्किल बढ़ाने के लिए एक्सचेंज प्रोग्राम लॉन्च करेगा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/rohtak/news/supvas-name-changed-for-the-fourth-time-now-dlc-supva-will-launch-exchange-program-to-increase-skill-131492968.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712173918/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/rohtak/news/supvas-name-changed-for-the-fourth-time-now-dlc-supva-will-launch-exchange-program-to-increase-skill-131492968.html |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=2025-03-17 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref> located in [[Rohtak]] city of [[Haryana]] state of India.<ref name=his1/><ref name=his2/>

==History==

On 5 August 2014, the SUPVA university was established through Haryana Act No. 24 of 2014 by integrating four government technical institutions, namely State Institute of Fine Arts, State Institute of Design, [[State Institute of Film and Television|State Institute of Film & Television]], and State Institute of Urban Planning & Architecture which were further developed at the cost of Rs.300.0 crores by Govt. of Haryana through Government Technical Institution Society, Rohtak.<ref name=his1>{{Cite web |title=DLCSUPVA - Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak |url=https://dlcsupva.ac.in/UI/AboutUS/History.aspx |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=dlcsupva.ac.in}}</ref><ref name=his2>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to UGC, New Delhi, India |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/universitydetails/university?type=MuOh4z0uqRaY2k8Ag10I0g== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304082916/https://www.ugc.gov.in/universitydetails/university?type=MuOh4z0uqRaY2k8Ag10I0g%3D%3D |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.ugc.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Campus==

The 36 acres campus, designed by the renowned architect [[Raj Rewal]], and well-connected by road and rail networks is 1.5 km north of Rohtak Bus stand, 5 km northeast of [[Rohtak Junction railway station]], 85 km west of [[IGI Airport|Delhi IGI Airport]], and 220 km south of state capital [[Chandigarh]].<ref name=his3>{{Cite web |title=DLCSUPVA - Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak |url=https://dlcsupva.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=dlcsupva.ac.in}}</ref> It has following facilities

* Seminar halls
* Laboratories
* Workshops and studios
* Central facilities like an auditorium, seminar halls, and a central library
* A girls' hostel accommodating 170 students, there is however no hostel facilities for male students.
* Housing facilities for faculty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Residential campus opened at SUPVA |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/residential-campus-opened-at-supva-195723/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Academic programs ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Programme Intake for UG & PG Programmes<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak |url=https://dlcsupva.ac.in/Assets/PDF/Prospectus2024-25.pdf |access-date=16 Oct 2025 |website=dlcsupva.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DLCSUPVA - Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak |url=https://dlcsupva.ac.in/ordinanceandregulations/ug_cbcs |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=dlcsupva.ac.in}}</ref>

! Sr. No. !! Programme !! Faculty !! Department !! Intake
|-
| 1 || Bachelor of Design - Fashion Design || Design || Fashion Design || 30
|-
| 2 || Bachelor of Design - Fashion & Lifestyle Design || Design || Fashion & Lifestyle Design || 25
|-
| 3 || Bachelor of Design - Product Design || Design || Product Design || 20
|-
| 4 || Bachelor of Design - Textile Design || Design || Textile Design || 25
|-
| 5 || Bachelor of Fine Arts - Direction || Film & Television || Direction || 15
|-
| 6 || Bachelor of Fine Arts - Cinematography || Film & Television || Cinematography || 15
|-
| 7 || Bachelor of Fine Arts - Editing || Film & Television || Editing || 15
|-
| 8 || Bachelor of Fine Arts - Audiography || Film & Television || Audiography || 15
|-
| 9 || Bachelor of Fine Arts - Acting || Film & Television || Acting || 15
|-
| 10 || Bachelor of Architecture || Planning & Architecture || Architecture || 40
|-
| 11 || Bachelor of Visual Arts - Applied Arts || Visual Arts || Applied Arts || 25
|-
| 12 || Bachelor of Visual Arts - Painting || Visual Arts || Painting || 25
|-
| 13 || Bachelor of Visual Arts - Sculpture || Visual Arts || Sculpture || 10
|-
| 14 || Bachelor of Visual Arts - Animation & Multimedia || Visual Arts || Animation & Multimedia || 25
|-
| 15 || Bachelor of Visual Arts - Printmaking || Visual Arts || Printmaking || 10
|-
| 16 || Master of Visual Arts - Applied Art/Painting || Visual Arts || Applied Art/Painting || 30
|-
| 17 || Master of Design - Fashion Design || Design || Fashion Design || 30
|-
| 18 || Master of Planning - Urban and Regional Planning || Planning & Architecture || Planning & Architecture || 30
|}

== Development ==
{{anchor | Future | Development | Dev}}

In April 2025, Chief Minister of Haryana informed that SUPVA has been given responsibility to mentor all universities of the state to start courses in film making. Additionally, process of appointing a consultant for building a '''Panchkula Film City''' on existing 100 acre government land in HMT Kalka is underway, and land for '''Gurugram Film City''' is being identified.<ref>[https://www.haryanaekhabar.com/rohtak/haryana-govt-big-announcement-film-cities-to-be-built-in-these-cities-student-will-do-study-about-it/ Haryana govt big announcement: film cities to be built in these cities, student will do study about it], haryanaekhabar.com, 6 April 2025.</ref>

== Issues ==

The Film and Television Department has faced prolonged academic delays, affecting multiple student batches, e.g. 2017-2021 4-year batch completed their degrees in 2024, while 2018-2022 batch is expected to graduate by 2025 or 2026 due to the infrastructural deficiencies and lack of proper filmmaking equipment, faculty shortages and administrative mismanagement.<ref name=his4/> Consequently, there have been various protests by students (2016 and 2023),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohtak: 2 months on, protesting students wont give up |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/2-months-on-protesting-students-wont-give-up-426708/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> and 2024 Faculty Protests lasting 77 day<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-29 |title=Rohtak visual arts varsity faculty, V-C spar over appointments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rohtak-visual-arts-varsity-faculty-v-c-spar-over-appointments/articleshow/102222611.cms |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and 2023 faculty (2025),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahiya |first=Himanshi |date=2023-10-05 |title='Known for Protests': Faculty, Students & Management at War in Haryana Varsity |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/education/a-haryana-varsity-at-war-with-its-own-faculty-and-students |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Protest by SUPVA dons enters 77th day |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/protest-by-supva-dons-enters-77th-day-526574/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> recurrence of which as well as the infrastructural and administrative challenges have disrupted the academic environment, contributing to uncertainty and dissatisfaction among the student body.<ref name=his4>{{Cite web |title=SUPVA to have redesigned courses |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/community/supva-to-have-redesigned-courses-373269/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=ha>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Hardik |date=August 3, 2016 |title=Students' protest affects functioning of North India's only film institute |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/students-protest-affects-functioning-of-north-india-s-only-film-institute/story-8JnGBaHFJS8MPz0ekhkIAP.html}}</ref><ref name=his5>{{Cite web |title=Rohtak: 2 months on, protesting students wont give up |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/2-months-on-protesting-students-wont-give-up-426708/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Film and Television Institute of India]]
* [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
* [[Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute]]
* [[Biju Patnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha]]
* [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]]
* [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute]]
* [[Government Film and Television Institute]]
* [[National School of Drama]]
* [[Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts|Bhartendu Natya Academy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://dlcsupva.ac.in Official website]

[[Category:2014 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Education in Rohtak]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2014]]
[[Category:Universities in Haryana]]
[[Category:Arts organizations established in 2014]]
[[Category:Performing arts in India]]
[[Category:Film schools in India]]

Omanathinkal Kidavo

2026-04-04T23:10:56Z

Gyani24: made the details added tags - done

{{short description|Malayalam lullaby composed by Irayimman Thampi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
'''Omanathinkal Kidavo''' ({{langx|ml|ഓമന തിങ്കള്‍ കിടാവോ}}) is a [[lullaby]] in [[Malayalam]] that was composed by [[Irayimman Thampi]] on the birth of [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Maharajah Swathi Thirunal]] of [[Travancore]]. To date, it remains one of the most popular lullabies in the Malayalam language.<ref name="swathithirunal">{{cite web|title=Lullaby composed for Swathi: Omana Thingal|url=http://www.swathithirunal.in/omanathinkal.htm|access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref>

== History ==
The lullaby was composed (1813) by Thampi at the request of the then ruler of [[Travancore]], Maharani [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]], to put the baby King [[Swathi Thirunal]] to sleep. His birth was a long-awaited event for the royal family since it faced the threat of being annexed into [[British India]] under the [[Doctrine of Lapse]] for the want of a male heir. The lyrics of the poem reflect this sense of relief when it refers to the baby as a 'treasure from God' and 'the fruit of the tree of fortune'.<ref name="carnatica">{{cite web|last=Narayanaswami|first=P P|title=Omana Thingal Kidavo..|url=http://www.carnatica.net/special/irayimman-ppn.htm|access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Evocative rendition|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/02/22/stories/2008022250370300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228024212/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/02/22/stories/2008022250370300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2008|access-date=10 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 February 2008}}</ref>

In the 1987 movie, Swathi Thirunaal, a portion of this lullaby has been sung by [[S. Janaki]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Malayalam Evergreen Film song {{!}} Omanathinkal Kidavo {{!}} Swathi Thirunal {{!}} S. Janaki |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uicwxgRNYsg |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en}}</ref>

A rendition of this lullaby by [[K. S. Chithra|K.S. Chithra]] is very popular in Kerala.<ref>{{Citation |title=Omanathinkalkidavo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHxc-kDX2PE |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
Originally composed in the Kurinji [[raga]] (melodic mode) and set to Adi [[Tala (music)|tala]] ([[Metre (music)|metre]]), it is most often performed in the Navaroj or Nilambari ragas.<ref name="swathithirunal" /><ref name="carnatica" /> An interesting feature of this lullaby is that it doesn't mention the word sleep in it. The sleep is thus induced by the effect of the raga.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nair|first=A S|title=A Royal Lullaby|url=http://www.tmcgulf.com/H.A.6.pdf|access-date=10 November 2012|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102132/http://www.tmcgulf.com/H.A.6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The song lends itself well to the expressions of the [[navarasa]]s and is therefore often set to dance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Expressive steps|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2951971.ece?textsize=small&test=2|access-date=10 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 March 2012}}</ref>

== Lyrics and translation ==
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

=== Lyrics in Malayalam ===
 
 
{{lang|ml|ഓമനത്തിങ്കള്‍ക്കിടാവോ- നല്ല കോമളത്താമരപ്പൂവോ

പൂവില്‍ നിറഞ്ഞ മധുവോ- പരിപൂര്‍ണേന്ദു തന്‍റെ നിലാവോ

പുത്തന്‍ പവിഴക്കൊടിയോ- ചെറു തത്തകള്‍ കൊഞ്ചും മൊഴിയോ

ചാഞ്ചാടിയാടും മയിലോ - മൃദു പഞ്ചമം പാടും കുയിലോ

തുള്ളുമിളമാന്‍കിടാവോ - ശോഭ കൊള്ളുന്നോരന്നക്കൊടിയോ

ഈശ്വരന്‍ തന്ന നിധിയോ - പരമേശ്വരിയേന്തും കിളിയോ

പാരിജാതത്തിന്‍ തളിരോ - എന്‍റെ ഭാഗ്യദ്രുമത്തിന്‍ ഫലമോ

വാത്സല്യരത്നത്തെ വയ്പ്പാന്‍ - മമ വായ്ച്ചൊരു കാഞ്ചനച്ചെപ്പോ

ദൃഷ്ടിക്കു വച്ചോരമൃതോ - കൂരിരുട്ടത്തു വച്ച വിളക്കോ

കീര്‍ത്തിലതയ്ക്കുള്ള വിത്തോ - എന്നും കേടു വരാതുള്ള മുത്തോ

ആര്‍ത്തിതിമിരം കളവാന്‍ - ഉള്ള മാര്‍ത്താണ്ഡദേവപ്രഭയോ

സുക്തിയില്‍ കണ്ട പൊരുളോ - അതിസൂക്ഷ്മമാം വീണാരവമോ

വമ്പിച്ച സന്തോഷവല്ലി - തന്‍റെ കൊമ്പത്തു പൂത്ത പൂവല്ലി

പിച്ചകത്തിന്‍ മലര്‍ച്ചെണ്ടോ - നാവിനിച്ഛ നല്‍കുന്ന കല്‍ക്കണ്ടോ

കസ്തൂരി തന്‍റെ മണമോ - ഏറ്റ സത്തുക്കൾക്കുള്ള ഗുണമോ

പൂമണമേറ്റൊരു കാറ്റോ - ഏറ്റം പൊന്നില്‍ തെളിഞ്ഞുള്ള മാറ്റോ

കാച്ചിക്കുറുക്കിയ പാലോ - നല്ല ഗന്ധമെഴും പനിനീരോ

നന്മ വിളയും നിലമോ - ബഹുധര്‍മങ്ങള്‍ വാഴും ഗൃഹമോ

ദാഹം കളയും ജലമോ - മാര്‍ഗഖേദം കളയും തണലോ

വാടാത്ത മല്ലികപ്പൂവോ - ഞാനും തേടിവച്ചുള്ള ധനമോ

കണ്ണിനു നല്ല കണിയോ - മമ കൈവന്ന ചിന്താമണിയോ

ലാവണ്യപുണ്യനദിയോ - ഉണ്ണിക്കാര്‍വര്‍ണ്ണന്‍ തന്‍റെ കളിയോ

ലക്ഷ്മീഭഗവതി തന്‍റെ - തിരുനെറ്റിയിലിട്ട കുറിയോ

എന്നുണ്ണിക്കൃഷ്ണന്‍ ജനിച്ചോ - പാരിലിങ്ങനെ വേഷം ധരിച്ചോ

പദ്മനാഭന്‍ തന്‍ കൃപയോ - മുറ്റും ഭാഗ്യം വരുന്ന വഴിയോ}}

{{col-2}}

=== Transliteration ===
{{lang|ml|Omana thinkal kidaavo, nalla komala thaamara poovo

Poovil niranja madhuvo, pari-poornendu thante nilaavo

Puthen pavizha kodiyo, cheru-thathakal konjum mozhiyo

Chaanjaadi aadum mayilo, mridu-panchamam paadum kuyilo

Thullumila maan kidaavo, shobha-kollunnoranna kodiyo

Eeshwaran thanna nidhiyo, Parameshwariyendum kiliyo

Paarijaathathin thaliro, ente bhagya-drumathin phalamo

Vaalsalya raknathe vaippaan, mama vaaichoru kaanchana cheppo

Drishtikku vaichoramrutho, kooriruttathu vaicha vilakko

Keerthi-lathakkulla vitho, ennum kedu varaathulla mutho

Aarthi thimiram kalavaan, ulla maarthaanda deva prabhayo

Sukthiyil kanda porulo, athi sookshmamaam veena-aaravamo

Vambicha santhosha valli, thante kombathu pootha poovalli

Pichakathin malar chendo, naavin-ichha nalkunna kalkando

Kasthuuri thante manamo, etta sathukkalkk-ulla gunamo

PoomaNam-ettooru kaatto, eettam ponnil theLinjulla maatto

Kaachi kuRukkiya paalo, nalla gandhamezhum panineero

Nanma viLayum nilamo, bahu dharmangal vaazhum grihamo

Daaham kalayum jalamo, marga-ghedam kaLayum thanalo

Vaadaatha mallika poovo, njanum thedi vaichulla dhanamo

Kanninu nalla kaniyo, mama kaivanna chinthaa maniyo

Laavanya punya nadiyo, unni kaarvarnan thante kaLiyo

Lakshmi Bhagavathy thante, thiru-nettiyilitta kuriyo

En unnikrishnan Jenicho, paaril ingane vasham dharicho

Pathmanaabhan than kripayo, muttum bhagyam varunna vazhiyo|italic=no}}

=== English translation ===
The translation by A. H. Fox Strangways in ''The Music of Hindoostan'' is given here:<ref>{{cite web|title=Omana Thinkal Kidavo - Fox Strangeways|url=http://www.swathithirunal.in/omanathingal/omanathinkal.jpg|access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref>

Is this sweet baby

The bright crescent's moon, or the charming flower of the [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]],

The honey in a flower, or the lustre of the full moon,

A pure coral gem, or the pleasant chatter of parrots,

A dancing peacock, or a sweet singing bird,

A bouncing young deer, or a bright shining swan,

A treasure from God, or the pet parrot in the hands of Īśvarī,

The tender leaf of the [[Kalpavriksha|''kalpa'' tree]], or the fruit of my tree of fortune,

A golden casket to enclose the jewel of my love,

Nectar in my sight, or a light to dispel darkness,

The seed of my climbing fame, or a never-fading bright pearl,

The brilliance of the sun to dispel all the gloom of misery,

The [[Vedas]] in a casket, or the melodious ''[[Veena|vinā]]'',

The lovely blossom put forth by the stout branch of my tree of enjoyment,

A cluster of ''pichāka'' buds, or sugar-candy sweet on the tongue,

The fragrance of musk, the best of all good,

A breeze laden with the scent of flowers, or the essence of purest gold,

A bowl of fresh milk, or of sweet smelling [[Rose water|rose-water]],

The field of all virtue, or an abode of all duty,

A cup of thirst-quenching cold water, or a sheltering shade,

A never-failing ''mallika'' flower, or my own stored up wealth,

The auspicious object of my gaze, or my most precious jewel,

A stream of virtuous beauty, or an image of the youthful [[Krishna]],

The bright forehead mark of the goddess [[Lakshmi|Lakshmī]],

Or, by the mercy of [[Vishnu|Padmanābha]], is it the source of my future happiness,

Is it, in this beautiful form, an [[avatar|Avatār]] of Krishna Himself?{{col-end}}

== Controversy ==
The Irayimman Thampi Memorial Trust alleged that the first eight lines of the [[Oscar nominations|Oscar nominee]] [[Bombay Jayashri|Bombay Jayashri's]] song '[[Pi's Lullaby]]' in the film ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'' were not an original composition but a translation into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] of the Omanathinkal Kidavo. The song had been nominated in the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Original Song category]] for the [[85th Academy Awards|Oscar Awards of 2013]]. Jayashri however maintained that she merely wrote what had come to her heart and denied the allegation against her.<ref>{{cite news|title=Controversy over Bombay Jayashri's Oscar-nominated song Pi's Lullaby|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_controversy-over-bombay-jayashri-s-oscar-nominated-song-pi-s-lullaby_1788528|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=DNA|date=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pi's lullaby: Bombay Jayashri denies allegations of plagiarism|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/pis-lullaby-bombay-jayashri-denies-allegations-of-plagiarism/article4304475.ece|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 January 2013}}</ref>

Earlier, Jayashri had used Thampi's lullaby in her Album named 'Vatsalyam', released in 2003.<ref>{{Citation |title=Omana Tingal Kidavo |date=2003-07-01 |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/2c2Mce7ztWD6OCUWe5lMyh |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bombay S. Jayashri - Vatsalyam: Collection of Traditional Indian Lullaby Album Reviews, Songs & More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/vatsalyam-collection-of-traditional-indian-lullaby-mw0000315884 |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Lullabies]]
[[Category:Songs about kings]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of male monarchs]]
[[Category:Poems in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]

Soni Razdan

2026-03-25T22:10:11Z

Gyani24: small fix content for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Actress (born 1956)}}
{{COI|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Soni Razdan
| image = Soni Razdan.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{flatlist |
* Actress
* film director}}
| years_active = 1981–present
| spouse = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| children = [[Alia Bhatt]]
| family = [[Bhatt family]]
}}

'''Soni Mahesh Bhatt''', born and known professionally as '''Soni Razdan''', is an actress and film director. She had established herself as a leading actress of the 1980s and early 1990s and is part of the [[Bhatt family]] of Indian cinema.

She made her acting debut as Rosemary in ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'' (1981). She also played roles in films such as ''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]]'', ''[[Trikal]]'', ''[[Khamosh]]'', and ''[[Saaransh]]'' where she earned a nomination for the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress (Hindi)|Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]. She has also starred in [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] series including, ''[[The Verdict - State vs Nanavati]]'', ''[[Out of Love (Indian TV series)|Out of Love]]'', ''[[This Way Up (TV series)|This Way Up]]'', and ''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''.

==Career==
===Early work and debut (1991–1998)===
[[File:Soni Razdan, Kalpana Lajmi at PETA Anniversary.jpg|thumb|upright|Razdan with [[Kalpana Lajmi]] at [[PETA]] Anniversary]]
Razdan debuted in Hindi films in a supporting role with the 1981 film ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'' starring [[Jennifer Kendal]]. It also marked the directorial debut of [[Aparna Sen]], who had until then been known as a leading actress of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Aparna|title='If I'd made more compromises I may have been more successful' – Rediff On The Net, Movies: An interview with Aparna Sen|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/nov/23apa1.htm|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Razdan garnered mainstream attention for her appearance in the film. ''36 Chowringhee Lane'' was also entered in the first edition of the [[Cinemanila International Film Festival|Manila International Film Festival]], where it won the top prize. Scholar Wimal Dissanayake sees the film as a portrayal of the patriarchal social system: "The film portrays the plight of a lonely woman in a society that cares little for questions of female subjectivity and self-fulfillment. In popular culture the title of the film has become symbolic of the city of [[Kolkata]], particularly its cuisine. A [[Bangalore]] restaurant is called 36 Chowringhee Lane.<ref>{{cite web|title=36 Chowringhee Lane in BTM Layout 1st stage, Bangalore – Buzzintown|url=http://www.buzzintown.com/bangalore/restaurant--36-chowringhee-lane-btm-layout-1st-stage/id--40592.html|access-date=8 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407215029/http://www.buzzintown.com/bangalore/restaurant--36-chowringhee-lane-btm-layout-1st-stage/id--40592.html|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A fast-food chain in Delhi is called 34 Chowringhee Lane.<ref>{{cite web|title=34, Chowringhee Lane|url=http://www.34chowringheelane.com/|access-date=11 February 2013|archive-date=4 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204225304/http://www.34chowringheelane.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Then she also appeared in [[Ahista Ahista (1981 film)|Ahista Ahista]] directed by [[Esmayeel Shroff]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 1981 |title=Ahista Ahista is a celluloid edifice built on prefabricated blocks of tear-jerker tragedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19811215-ahista-ahista-is-a-celluloid-edifice-built-on-prefabricated-blocks-of-tear-jerker-tragedy-773530-2013-10-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209071705/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19811215-ahista-ahista-is-a-celluloid-edifice-built-on-prefabricated-blocks-of-tear-jerker-tragedy-773530-2013-10-24 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gejje Pooje]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2016 |title=Eight Sandalwood films that have been remade in other languages |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/eight-sandalwood-films-have-been-remade-other-languages-43871 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170914135827/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/eight-sandalwood-films-have-been-remade-other-languages-43871 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |access-date=18 December 2016 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

In 1983, she appeared in film called ''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]]'' directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. Based on a classic Urdu short story Aanandi by writer [[Ghulam Abbas (writer)|Ghulam Abbas]], the film narrates the story of a brothel, situated in the heart of a city, an area that some politicians want for its prime locality.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandi|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085896/plotsummary|publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> The film is a satirical comedy on politics and prostitution. Her major breakthrough came in 1984 film ''[[Saaransh]]''. It is about an elderly Maharashtrian couple living in Mumbai who come to terms with the loss of their only son. It was directed by her now husband [[Mahesh Bhatt]]. It was also chosen as India's [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|official entry]] for the 1985 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] but it was not nominated. Her performance in the film was critically appreciated by the audience for which she earned a nomination for the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award|Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref name=toi>{{cite web | title = Anupam Kher talks about how Mahesh Bhatt's Saaransh changed his life | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Anupam-Kher-talks-about-how-Mahesh-Bhatts-Saaransh-changed-his-life/articleshow/30604123.cms | date = 18 February 2014 | access-date = 11 May 2014 | work = The Times of India | archive-date = 14 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140314065928/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Anupam-Kher-talks-about-how-Mahesh-Bhatts-Saaransh-changed-his-life/articleshow/30604123.cms | url-status = live }}</ref> In 1985, Razdan had two release in the year which was the [[Historical drama]] ''[[Trikal]]'' (alongside [[Leela Naidu]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Neena Gupta]]) and the [[Thriller film|Thriller]] ''[[Khamosh]]'' (alongside [[Shabana Azmi]] and again with [[Naseeruddin Shah]]), both of which were critically and commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=6 June 2013 |title=Khamosh: Revisiting Vidhu Vinod Chopra's brilliant whodunit |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-khamosh-revisiting-vidhu-vinod-chopras-brilliant-whodunit/20130606.htm#1 |access-date=12 November 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In 1986, Razdan starred in an [[English-language Indian films|English-language Indian film]] named ''[[On Wings of Fire]]''.<ref name="generates-heat">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19860731-on-wings-of-fire-cyrus-h-bharucha-film-on-zoroastrianism-generates-heat-among-orthodoxy-801111-1986-07-31 |title=On Wings of Fire: Cyrus H. Bharucha's film on Zoroastrianism generates heat among orthodoxy |last=Dawar |first=Rati |date=31 July 1986 |website=[[India Today|indiatoday.in]] |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102301/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19860731-on-wings-of-fire-cyrus-h-bharucha-film-on-zoroastrianism-generates-heat-among-orthodoxy-801111-1986-07-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 1990-1993, Razdan appeared in 6 films. Including — ''[[Daddy (1989 film)|Daddy]]'', ''[[Sadak]]'', ''[[Saathi (1991 film)|Saathi]]'', ''[[Sir (1993 film)|Sir]]'', ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]'', and ''[[Gunaah (1993 film)|Gunaah]]''. Mostly she appeared as a supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=Pooja Bhatt On The Irony Of Having Saved' An Alcoholic Father In Daddy Only To Battle Drinking Problem Herself |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pooja-bhatt-on-the-irony-of-having-saved-an-alcoholic-father-in-daddy-only-to-battle-drinking-proble-1838862 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=9 November 2018 |date=17 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mallepuvvu: Movie Review|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/mallepuvvu_moviereview.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216131039/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/mallepuvvu_moviereview.php|archivedate=16 December 2008|website=[[Telugucinema.com]]|access-date=29 April 2024|date=18 Sep 2008|url-status=dead|quote=Sridevi starrer Gumrah (1993). (which was feemake of Bangkok hilton (1989) tv mini series)}}</ref>

In 1998, Razdan appeared as a lead in the Canadian film named ''[[Such a Long Journey (film)|Such a Long Journey]]'', co-starring [[Roshan Seth]] and directed by [[Sturla Gunnarsson]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/032400such-film-review.html |title='Such a Long Journey': A Life as Topsy-Turvy as the Streets of Bombay |first=A. O. |last=Scott |author-link=A. O. Scott |date=26 March 2000 |access-date=30 June 2019 |newspaper=[[NY Times]] |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |archive-date=2 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202222654/http://www.nytimes.com/library/film/032400such-film-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The story, based on the [[Such a Long Journey (novel)|novel of the same name]] written by [[Rohinton Mistry]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjr3ebi9TB8C |title=Canada's Best Features: Critical Essays on 15 Canadian Films |first=Eugene P. |last=Walz |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=[[Rodopi (publisher)|Rodopi]] |via=Google Books |pages=383 |isbn=9789042012097}}</ref> The film was screened at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faber.co.uk/9780571245888-such-a-long-journey.html |title=Such a Long Journey |work=[[Faber & Faber]] |access-date=30 June 2019}}{{dead link|date=June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chocmoose.com/portfolio-item/such-a-long-journey/ |title=Such A Long Journey |work=Chocolate Moose Media |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref>

===Career slump and hiatus (2001–2019)===

In 2001, she appeared in the comedy film, ''[[Monsoon Wedding]]''. ''Monsoon Wedding'' premiered in the [[Marché du Film]] section of the [[2001 Cannes Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screendaily.com/sony-classics-usa-turn-up-cannes-buying-heat/405742.article|title=Sony Classics, USA turn up Cannes buying heat|publisher=[[Screen International]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/19us4.htm|title=rediff.com US edition: Monsoon Wedding heads for the US|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> and went on to win the [[Golden Lion]] at the [[58th Venice International Film Festival|Venice International Film Festival]] and receive a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] nomination while grossing over $30 million internationally at the box office. A musical based on the film premiered on Broadway in April 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-interviews/Monsoon-Wedding-to-make-Broadway-debut-in-April-2014/articleshow/17570435.cms|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130426161551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-12/news-interviews/35750455_1_broadway-debut-mira-nair-vijay-raaz|url-status= live|archive-date= 26 April 2013|title= Monsoon Wedding to make Broadway debut in April 2014 |author= Garima Sharma |date= 12 December 2012 |work= [[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref> In 2017, [[IndieWire]] named it the 19th best romance of the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2017/07/best-romance-movies-ranked-1201849113/|title=Best Romance Movies of the 21st Century, Ranked {{!}} IndieWire|last=Thompson|first=Michael Nordine, Anne|website=www.indiewire.com|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> Between 2004-2013, she appeared in many films including, ''[[Dobara]]'',<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/24dob.htm|title=What was Shashi Ranjan thinking?|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=24 September 2004|accessdate=18 December 2010}}</ref> ''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]'',<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/21page.htm | title=Madhur Bhandarkar proves himself again!}}</ref> ''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]'', ''[[Dil Dosti Etc]]'', ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'',<ref>{{cite web | title = Patiala Hoes: Complete Cast & Crew Details | work = [[Bollywood Hungama]] | url= http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/14186/index.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090912024727/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/14186/index.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= 12 September 2009 | accessdate = 13 February 2011 }}</ref>

Razdan directed a film called ''Love Affair'' that was expected to be released in 2016, but did not.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/soni-razdans-directorial-venture-to-go-on-floors-in-2016/ |title=Soni Razdan's directorial venture to go on floors in 2016 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 November 2015 |access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/060317/soni-razdans-love-affair-put-on-hold-to-do-a-tv-series-first.html |title=Soni Razdan's Love Affair put on hold, to do a TV series first? |date=6 March 2017 |access-date=17 May 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127121159/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/060317/soni-razdans-love-affair-put-on-hold-to-do-a-tv-series-first.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
She acted in [[Meghna Gulzar]]'s ''Raazi'' which also starred her daughter [[Alia Bhatt|Alia]] in the lead role. This was the first time when she shared the screen with [[Alia Bhatt|Alia]] where she played the character of Alia's mother.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/soni-razdan-after-the-scene-i-wanted-to-hug-alia-bhatt/articleshow/63871597.cms |title=Raazi movie: Soni Razdan explains why she wanted to hug daughter Alia during the shoot |access-date=17 May 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126182022/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/soni-razdan-after-the-scene-i-wanted-to-hug-alia-bhatt/articleshow/63871597.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Soni played the lead role in the film [[Yours Truly (2018 film)|Yours Truly]] where she portrayed the character of a lonely middle-aged government employee Mithi Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/yours-truly-review-soni-razdan-shines-in-an-elegant-ode-to-middle-aged-longing/ |title=In Yours Truly, Soni Razdan Shines In An Elegant Ode To Middle-Aged Longing |date=6 May 2019 |website=Film Companion |language=en-US |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014175550/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/yours-truly-review-soni-razdan-shines-in-an-elegant-ode-to-middle-aged-longing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Reviewer from ''[[The Quint]]'' writes, [[Sanjoy Nag]] uses silence as a tool to help us understand Mithi better, and Razdan embraces that silence. She is brave yet afraid, stoic yet vulnerable, lonely yet hopeful.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/yours-truly-soni-razdan-movie-review|title='Yours Truly' is a Silent Lonely Voice, Screaming to Be Heard|date=2019-05-06|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>

In 2019, she appeared in ''[[Noblemen (film)|Noblemen]]'', ''[[No Fathers in Kashmir]]'' and ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kunal-kapoor-will-teach-shakespeare-s-plays-in-vandana-kataria-s-the-noblemen/story-TIXlyMoScBTEtq5NOccHfO.html |title= Kunal Kapoor will teach Shakespeare's plays in Vandana Kataria's The Noblemen |newspaper=Hindustan Times|date= 18 March 2017 |accessdate=18 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="news18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/censor-woes-for-no-fathers-in-kashmir-are-over-ashvin-kumars-film-to-release-on-april-5-2066285.html|title=Censor Woes for ''No Fathers In Kashmir'' Are Over, Ashvin Kumar's Film Released on April 5|website=News18|date=14 March 2019 |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Alia Bhatt and her family attend the opening of the Nita Mukesh Ambani Cultural Centre.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Razdan and her family attend the opening of the [[Nita Mukesh Ambani]] Cultural Centre]]
She is married to [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/mar/19raz.htm |title=Rediff On The Net, Movies: An interview with Soni Razdan |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=6 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051106214810/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/mar/19raz.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Razdan has stated that she has lived in India since she was a 3 month old and that she carries an [[Overseas Citizenship of India]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1117956313953099776 |user=Soni_Razdan |title=I do actually. My father is Indian. Lived in India since I was 3 months old. Pay taxes. Hold an Overseas Citizen of India card. If my hard earned income is good enough to be used to better this nation then I have a right to voice my opinions too. #VoteOutHate |first=Soni |last=Razdan |date=16 April 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981
|''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]''
|Rosemary Stoneham
|
|-
| ''[[Ahista Ahista (1981 film)|Ahista Ahista]]''
| Deepa
|
|-
| 1983
|''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]] ''
|Nadira
|
|-
| 1984
|''[[Saaransh]]''
|Sujata Suman
|Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985
| ''[[Trikaal]]''
|Aurora
|
|-
| ''[[Khamosh]]''
|Herself
|
|-
| 1986
|''[[On Wings of Fire]]''
|Thais
|
|-
| 1998
|''[[Such a Long Journey (film)|Such a Long Journey]]''
|Dilnavaz Noble
|
|-
|1990
|''[[Daddy (1989 film)|Daddy]]''
|Priya
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1991
| ''[[Sadak]]''
| Special appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Saathi (1991 film)|Saathi]]''
| Tina
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1993
| ''[[Sir (1993 film)|Sir]]''
|Shobha Verma
|
|-
| ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]''
|Angela
|
|-
| ''[[Gunaah (1993 film)|Gunaah]]''
|Gloria
|
|-
| 2001
|''[[Monsoon Wedding]]''
|Saroj Rai
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Dobara]]''
| Mrs. Devika Mehta
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2005
|''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]''
|Anjali Thapar
|
|-
|''[[Nazar (2005 film)|Nazar]]''
|{{n/a}}
|Director
|-
| 2006
|''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]''
|Mrs. Goel
|
|-
| 2007
|''[[Dil Dosti Etc]]''
| Apurv's Mother
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]''
|Dimple Bua
|
|-
| ''[[Love Breakups Zindagi]]''
|Guest at wedding
|
|-
| 2013
|''[[Shootout at Wadala]]''
| Manya's mother
|
|-
| 2016
|''[[Love Affair (unreleased film)|Love Affair]]''
|{{n/a}}
|Director; Unreleased
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Raazi]]''
|Teji Khan
|
|-
| ''[[Yours Truly (2018 film)|Yours Truly]]''
|Mithi Kumar
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019
| ''[[Noblemen (film)|Noblemen]]''
|Shruti Sharma
|
|-
|''[[No Fathers in Kashmir]]''
|Halima
|
|-
|''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
|Nafeesa Rahmani
|
|-
| 2021
|''[[Sardar Ka Grandson]]''
|Simi
| [[Netflix]] film
|-
| 2023
|''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''
|Maati
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|2025
| ''[[Abir Gulaal]]''
|Sushma
|
|-
| ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
|Nafeesa Rahmani
|
|-
|''[[Hari Ka Om]]''
|Renuka
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/hari-ka-om-to-make-european-debut-at-uk-asian-film-festival-2025/articleshow/120986809.cms|title=Hari Ka Om to make European debut at UK Asian Film ...|newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 May 2025 |access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Songs of Paradise]]''
|Noor Begum
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saba-azad-to-play-raj-begum-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-exclusive/articleshow/94440093.cms | title=Saba Azad to play Raj Begum in Danish Renzu's Songs of Paradise - Exclusive | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 September 2022 }}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Platform
|-
|1986 || ''[[Buniyaad]]'' ||Sulochana (Lochan) || [[DD National]]
|-
|1994-98 ||''[[Junoon (1994 TV series)|Junoon]]''
| || [[DD Metro]]
|-
|1995-96 ||''[[Saahil]]''
| || [[DD Metro]]
|-
|2017 || ''[[Love Ka Hai Intezaar]]'' || Rajmata Rajeshwari Ranawat || [[Star Plus]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2019
|''[[The Verdict - State vs Nanavati]]''
|Mehra Nanavati
|[[ALTBalaji]] and [[ZEE5]]
|-
|''[[Out of Love (Indian TV series)|Out of Love]]''
|Mrs. Kapoor
|[[Hotstar]]
|-
|''[[This Way Up (TV series)|This Way Up]]''
|Kavita, Vish's mother
|[[Channel 4]]
|-
|2021
|''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''
| Treasa
|[[Netflix]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Tanaav]]''
| Zubeida Mir
|[[SonyLIV]] season 2
|-
|2026
|''[[Bait (TV series)|Bait]]''
|Naila
|[[Prime Video]]
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=2|1985
| [[32nd Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan=2|''[[Saaransh]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners|title=All Filmfare Awards Winners|access-date=23 November 2024|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204095338/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress (Hindi)|Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfjaaward.com/award-winners.php?year=1986|title=BENGAL FILM JOURNALISTS' ASSOCIATION|date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184246/http://www.bfjaaward.com/award-winners.php?year=1986|access-date=2019-03-27|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Supporting Actress - OTT
| ''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-24th-ita-awards-2024/|title=ITA Awards 2024: Complete list of winners|access-date=2 January 2025|website=Indian Television Academy Awards}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0713618}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|soni-razdan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Razdan, Soni}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British people of Kashmiri descent]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:British Muslims]]
[[Category:British people of German descent]]
[[Category:Bhatt family]]
[[Category:British film actresses]]
[[Category:British television actresses]]
[[Category:British women film directors]]
[[Category:British emigrants to India]]
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:20th-century British actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century British actresses]]
[[Category:People with Overseas Citizenship of India]]

Sandeep Sawant

2026-03-23T16:38:18Z

Gyani24: Put Up Page.

{{Short description|Indian filmographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
'''Sandeep Sawant''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] theatre, film and television personality.<ref name="Frontline-20041009">{{cite news|url=http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl2121/stories/20041022002609000.htm|title=Breath of hope|last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Mukta|date=2004-10-09|work=Frontline|accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="IndiaToday-20041122" /> He is the director and script writer of the national award-winning [[Marathi language|Marathi]] movie [[Shwaas]].<ref name="Outlook-20120604">{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?280994|title=Aamchi Pichchur|last=Deosthalee|first=Deepa|date=2012-06-04|work=Outlook|accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="TheHindu-20050318">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031802410300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510090440/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/18/stories/2005031802410300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-05-10|title=Fresh Shwaas of air|last=Mehar|first=Rajesh|date=2005-03-18|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> Sawant was one of the producers of Shwaas, his debut film.<ref name="IndiaToday-20041122">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20041122-shwaas-first-marathi-film-to-win-national-award-in-nearly-five-decades-789163-2004-11-21|title=Waiting to exhale Marathi film 'Shwaas' nominated as India's official entry for Oscars|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=2004-11-22|work=India Today|access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref> Author Sandeep Unnithan credits him to have ''resurrected'' Marathi cinema.<ref name="IndiaToday-20041122" />

Sawant has made documentaries for television, some of which have been related to children. ''Times of India'' reporter Mukta Rajadhyaksha comments that he has a flair for working with children that was manifest in his handling of Ashwin Chitle the boy who won the national award for best child artist for his portrayal of Parshya in Shwaas.<ref name="Frontline-20041009" />
[[File:Sandeep Sawant.jpg|thumb|Sandeep Sawant is writer, director and producer of films 'Shwaas' and 'Nadi Vahate']]
Sawant resides in [[Vile Parle]], [[Mumbai]]. He is a psychology graduate<ref name="Frontline-20041009" /> and is married to Neeraja Patwardhan, who has designed costumes for ''Shwaas''.<ref name="IndiaToday-20041122" />

Concept, screenplay, dialogues and direction of the 2017 Marathi movie ''[[Nadi Vahate]]'' are by Sandeep Sawant. He and his wife Neeraja Patwardhan produced the film.<ref>{{Citation|title=Nadi Vahate (2016)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6454018/?ref_=nv_sr_1|accessdate=2017-01-26}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''[[Shwaas]]'' (2004)
*''[[Nadi Vahate]]'' (2017)
*''[[Hya Goshtila Navach Nahi]]'' (2024)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sawant, Sandeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

St. Mary's Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo

2026-03-23T06:13:41Z

Gyani24:

{{Infobox church
| name = St. Mary's Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo
| image = India - Kerala - Alleppey -Pulinkunnu - St. Mary's Forane Church.jpg
| caption = St. Mary's Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo
| location = [[Pulinkunnoo]] in [[Kuttanad]], [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| pushpin map = India Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|9.412|N|76.41|E|display=inline,title}}
| denomination = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| tradition =
| website =
| architectural type = Portuguese architectural style<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulinkunnu Church in Kerala |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/photo-gallery/pulikunnu-church/2132 |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher= Department of tourism, [[Government of Kerala]] |language=en}}</ref>
| style =
| parish =
| membership =
| dedication = [[Saint Mary]]
| archdiocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanassery|Changanassery]]
| founded date = {{Start date and age|1450}}
| diocese =
| district = Alappuzha
| archbishop = Bishop [[Mar Thomas Tharayil]]
| vicar = Fr. Tom <ref name="lifeday">{{cite web |title=തണ്ണീര്‍ താണ്ടി വരുവായാ? പുളിങ്കുന്ന് പള്ളിയില്‍ നിന്ന് ഒരു മറുപടി |url=https://www.lifeday.in/a-lifeday-reply-from-the-pulinkunnu-church/ |website=Catholic Church News Malayalam |date=19 July 2018}}</ref>
| asstpriest = Fr. Jison Paul<ref name="lifeday"/>
}}
'''St. Mary's Syro Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo''' is a Catholic church located in [[Alappuzha district]] of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. Located in a small village named [[Pulinkunnoo]] in [[Kuttanad]], the church is also known as '''Pulinkunnoo church''' or '''Pulinkunnu church'''. It is one of the oldest church and Christian pilgrim centre under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanacherry]].

==Overview==
St. Mary's Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo is a Catholic church located in a small village named [[Pulinkunnoo]] in [[Kuttanad]], [[Alappuzha district]]. This church is more than five hundred years old and has been renovated four times.<ref name="ETV">{{cite news |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=പൈതൃകവും ടൂറിസവും ഒത്തുചേരുന്ന തീർഥാടന കേന്ദ്രമായി പുളിങ്കുന്ന് പള്ളി |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/malayalam/kerala/state/alappuza/heritage-and-tourism-spot-alappuzha-pulinkunnu-st-marys-church/kerala20211202125948542 |work=ETV Bharat News |agency=[[ETV Network]] |date=2 December 2021 |language=ml}}</ref> Many centuries old objects and documents are kept in this church.<ref name="ETV"/> Decades old iron staircase, wooden confession booths and special carvings on the altar are all features of this church.<ref name="ETV"/>

Pulinkunnoo Church, which is also the parish where the [[Saint]] [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]] served.<ref name="ETV"/>

==History==
The early Christians of [[Kuttanad]] used to do spiritual things in the Niranam Church, which was established by the disciple of Christ, [[Thomas the Apostle]].<ref name="Malayalam UK">{{cite web |title=പമ്പയുടെ തീരത്ത് പഴമയുടെ പ്രൗഢിയും ഐശ്വര്യവും നിറച്ചു അനുഗ്രഹങ്ങൾ വർഷിച്ചു നിൽക്കുന്ന പുളിങ്കുന്ന് വലിയപള്ളി; 8 നോമ്പു പെരുനാൾ ആഘോഷിക്കുന്ന പുളിങ്കുന്ന് സെന്റ് മേരി ഫൊറോനാ പള്ളിയുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിലേക്ക് ഒരു എത്തി നോട്ടം....... |url=https://malayalamuk.com/bijo-thomas-adavichira-pulinkunnoo-valiyapalli-on-the-banks-of-the-pampa-is-full-of-the-pride-and-prosperity-of-the-past/ |website=Malayalam UK |language=ml |date=2 September 2021}}</ref> Later, with the establishment of the Kallurkkad Church, the center of worship of Christians in Kuttanad became the Kallurkkad church ([[Basilica of St. Mary, Champakulam]]).<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> When the number of Christians increased in Pulinkunnoo and surrounding areas, efforts were started under the leadership of Chakala Eepan Tarakan, who was the leader of the Christians at that time, to establish a church at Pulinkunnoo as well.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> Chakala Eepan Tharakan met Vadakumkur Koical Thampuran who was the local ruler of these regions at that time to build a church there, and the request was allowed by the Thampuran.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> The Araya (A community whose main livelihood has traditionally been fishing) people who used to live there were shifted to another place.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> The 'Vallapura' (traditional canoe shed) was demolished to build the church structure.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/>

This first Christian church in Pulinkunnoo was established in AD 1450.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> After 1500 AD, King of Chembakassery (present-day [[Ambalapuzha]]) conquered the Pulinkunnoo area and annexed it to his kingdom.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> During the reign of the Chembakassery kings, many Christians migrated from other areas to Kuttanad including Pulinkunnoo.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> In 1557, the Christians of Pulinkunnoo and its surrounding areas decided to demolish and rebuild the old church.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> The last [[East Syriac Rite|Chaldaean]] Bishop of Kerala, who was in disguise fearing the Portuguese, was invited to Pulinkunnoo by the Christian families and the foundation of the church was laid by him.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> On 4 February 1557, Pope Paul IV established the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin|Diocese of Cochin]] and placed the entire area under this diocese.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> When the construction was completed, the new church was consecrated and the church was given the name of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]], according to the special interest of the then Bishop of Cochin and the believers of Pulinkunnoo.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/>

In 1750, Maharaja Marthandavarma conquered the kingdom of Chembakassery and annexed it to Travancore.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> With this many families from different parts of Travancore again migrated to Kuttanad.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> Most of the present Christian families in Pulinkunnoo have migrated during this time.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> As the number of believers increased, the church was renovated again in 1885.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> Srampikal Geevargis Katanar, who was a parishioner of the church, led the construction of the present church.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> The foundation stone of the church and the laying of the first stone was carried out by Fr. Geevargis Veliyanad, who was a parishioner of this church.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/> The new church was built on the foundation of the old church.<ref name="Malayalam UK"/>

==location==
St. Mary's Forane Church is located on the banks of [[Pamba River|Pampa river]] at [[Pulinkunnoo]] in [[Kuttanad]] in [[Alappuzha district]].<ref name="DTPC alappuzha">{{cite web |title=Pulikunnu Church |url=https://www.dtpcalappuzha.com/destination/pulikunnu-church |website=DTPC alappuzha |language=en}}</ref> It is located about 17 km away from Alappuzha Bus Stand and about 16.5 km away from [[Alappuzha railway station]].<ref name="DTPC alappuzha"/>

==Charitable activities==
In 2020, the church authorities had given away 2.06 acres of land free of cost for Pulinkunnoo Taluk Hospital.<ref name="pra">{{cite news |title=താലൂക്ക് ആശുപത്രി നവീകരണത്തിന് രണ്ടേക്കര്‍ ഭൂമി ദാനം ചെയ്ത് പുളിങ്കുന്ന് പള്ളി |url=https://pravachakasabdam.com/index.php/site/news/12427 |work=pravachakasabdam.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=പുളിങ്കുന്ന് താലൂക്ക് ആശുപത്രി നിർമാണം വേഗത്തിലാക്കും: മന്ത്രി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/alappuzha/2024/02/04/construction-of-pulinkunnu-taluk-hospital.html |work=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref> 8 cents of land was also handed over to the government in 1956, for the building the first hospital which was now elevated as a taluk hospital.<ref name="pra"/>

This church was one of the refuge centers for the locals during the [[2019 Kerala floods]].<ref name="ETV"/> At the beginning of the flood, the church authorities, who had delivered food to the houses, opened the parish hall of the church itself when the water entered the houses, temporary accommodation facilities have also been arranged in the church.<ref name="lifeday"/> The church's kitchen was also opened to cook for those who sought refuge in the church.<ref name="lifeday"/>

==In popular culture==
The church gained more attention when it was appeared in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s film '[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'.<ref name="manorama">{{cite news |title=Here's the story of that church in 'Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2018/06/30/church-in-vinnaithaandi-varuvaayaa-movie-shooting-location-trisha-simbu.html |work=Onmanorama |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=' വിണ്ണൈത്താണ്ടി വരുവായ 'യിലെ പള്ളി ! |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/alappuzha/st-marys-forane-church-situated-alappuzha-pulinkunn-local18-660269.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=News18 മലയാളം |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings]]
[[Category:Churches in Alappuzha district]]

Dan Leonard

2026-03-22T08:56:14Z

Gyani24: adjusted intro for consistency

{{short description|American politician from Indiana}}
{{other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name =Dan Leonard
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| state_house =Indiana
| district =50th
| term_start =November 19, 2002
| term_end =November 22, 2022
| predecessor =[[Gary P. Dillon]]
| successor =[[Lorissa Sweet]]
| prior_term =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1949|3|18}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| profession =businessman
| religion=
| spouse=Lydia Sanders
| children=Four
| residence=[[Huntington, Indiana]]
| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
}}

'''Daniel J. Leonard''' (born March 18, 1949) is an [[American people|American]] politician.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=20206 | title=Our Campaigns - Candidate - Daniel J. "Dan" Leonard }}</ref> He was a member of the [[Indiana House of Representatives]] from the 50th District, serving from 2002 until 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/office/150/|title=List of All Offices and Office Holders|date=March 5, 2015}}</ref> A businessman, he is a member of the Republican party.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dan Leonard|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/34335/daniel-leonard#.WCj2AOErKu4|access-date=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In May 2022, Leonard lost his renomination bid for the State House to [[Lorissa Sweet]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/05/06/indiana-statehouse-far-right-social-conservatives-establishment/9643027002/ | title=Far right fails to overthrow establishment GOP in Indiana Statehouse races }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leonard, Dan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Huntington, Indiana]]
[[Category:21st-century members of the Indiana General Assembly]]

{{Indiana-politician-stub}}

Communication Arts Guild

2026-03-16T05:25:44Z

Gyani24:

{{short description|Indian advertising organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Communication Arts Guild
| type = Indian Communication Arts
| caption = The Registered Logo of Cag
| abbreviation = Cag
| image= CAG_Logo.jpg
| headquarters = 1/4, Malhotra House, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Fort, [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| status = Active
| established = 1948
}}
'''Communication Arts Guild''' or '''CAG''' is an organisation dedicated to the Indian [[advertising]] industry. Located in [[Mumbai]], this is the only organisation which has the complete record of the growth of Indian Advertising<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaware-infotech.com/newsletter/Str_indiad.htm |title=Mediatrends-TV Media |publisher=Mediaware-infotech.com |date=2003-09-08 |accessdate=2010-09-26}}</ref> since [[Independence Day (India)|Independence]].

==History==
CAG was founded in 1948. It created its own Constitution, in 1950, registered under the [[Indian Societies Registration Act]] XXI of 1860. The vision was to create a networking platform within the fraternity of [[Visual Communication]] Industry.

==Cag awards==
CAG distributes a number of awards, including: the Cub Trophies for communication arts and design students; scholarships for pre-final year Art students; the Guru of the Year award; and the CAG Hall of Fame. Hall of Fame members include:
*1980–1981 – P.N.Sharma, S.Das Gupta and Umesh Rao
*1981–1982 – Waghulkar
*1982–1983 – [[Kishore Parekh]] and Victor Fernandes
*1983–1984 – [[Mitter Bedi]] and Hasan Taj
*1984–1985 – Nagendra Parmar and R.R.Prabhu
*1985–1986 – [[Kersy Katrak]]
*1986–1987 – [[Frank Simoes]]
*1987–1988 – [[Alyque Padamsee]]
*1988–1989 – [[Arun Kolatkar]]
*1989–1990 – [[R K Joshi]]
*1990–1991 – Vilas Bhende
*1991–1992 – Sylvester DaCunha
*1992–1993 – [[Ivan Arthur]]
*1993–1994 – [[Brendan Pereira]]
*1994–1995 – Mohammad Khan
*1995–1996 – Ravi Paranjpe <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rayartgallery.com/view-artist-profile.php?artid=18 |title=Ray Art Gallery |publisher=Ray Art Gallery |accessdate=2010-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715155119/http://www.rayartgallery.com/view-artist-profile.php?artid=18 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1996–1997 – [[Ram Mohan]]
*1997–1998 – Avinash Godbole
*1998–1999 – Ravi Gupta
*1999–2000 – [[Gerson da Cunha]]
*2000–2001 – Sudarshan Dheer <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.designinindia.net/design-thoughts/masters/sudarshan-dheer/biography.html |title=Sudarshan Dheer – Biography, Works, Interview, etc. at Design in India |publisher=Designinindia.net |date= |accessdate=2010-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728233901/http://www.designinindia.net/design-thoughts/masters/sudarshan-dheer/biography.html |archive-date=2010-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icograda.org/members/members/member_list838.htm?cur_img=2 |title=Icograda |publisher=Icograda |accessdate=2010-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717005526/http://www.icograda.org/members/members/member_list838.htm?cur_img=2 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2001–2002 – S.A.Sabir
*2002–2003 – Panna Jain
*2003–2004 – Arun Kale
*2004–2005 – Samir Khanzode
*2005–2006 – Kamlesh Pandey
*2006–2007 – Viru Hiremath
*2007–2008 – [[Piyush Pandey]]
*2008–2009 – Sheila Syed
*2009–2010 – Bhai Patki
*2010–2011 – Roby D'Silva
*2011–2012 – Sagar Gadve

==Cag Shield Cricket Tournament==
The Cag Shield<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/company_briefs/index.html?id=12120_Vyas+Giannetti+to+revamp+prestigious+CAG+Shield+Cricket+Tournament |title=> News > Company Briefs > Vyas Giannetti to revamp prestigious CAG Shield Cricket Tournament |publisher=afaqs! |date= |accessdate=2010-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320015735/http://www.afaqs.com/news/company_briefs/index.html?id=12120_Vyas+Giannetti+to+revamp+prestigious+CAG+Shield+Cricket+Tournament |archive-date=2012-03-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a cordial play of short matches between different agencies within the advertising fraternity. Cag developed a connection with individual designers by the awards and workshops or seminars but they wanted to grow bigger. To get agencies' interaction,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k7/feb/febmam8.htm |title=> Media, Advertising & Marketing Watch > Vyas Giannetti to revamp CAG Shield Cricket Tournament |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2007-02-03 |accessdate=2010-09-26}}</ref> with each other and Cag, they started this sporty tradition and is continuing even today. This brings the agencies<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/feb/febrel64.htm |title=Indiantelevision.com > News Releases > CAG Shield Cricket Tournament - Quarter Finals - 24th February 2007 |access-date=2010-10-04 |archive-date=2011-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303202232/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/feb/febrel64.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> to interact and open up to each other in a group activity apart from advertising.

==''Cag Annuals''==
First published in 1950, ''Cag Annuals'' were design magazines published yearly. They showcased advertising works in that particular year and also mentioned the Cag winners, Hall of Fame and Young Cags of that year. They also had the photographic record of the events in that year, especially the award show.

==References==
*[http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/executive/amardeb.htm Cag Winner – Amar Deb (Channel V)]
*[http://www.achyutpalav.com/about.htm Cag Award in 1993 & 1998 – Achyut Palav]
*[https://www.imdb.com/search/name?bio=TV commercial&sort=alpha,desc Cag award winner – Vishal Solanki]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101115185723/http://trapeze.in/team.html Cag designer of the year 1998 – Ram Sinam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121010101452/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990312/ile12099.html Cag Award Winner – International Gallerie, the magazine]
*[http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=6174_Remembering+Larry+Grant Larry Grant cofounded T&PD Committee at AAAI with late Govind Sajnani of Cag]
*[http://www.sophiacampus.com/AA/APPLIED ART00001.html Yearly Participation in Cag Awards]
*[http://www.xing.com/profile/Vikram_Kapadia Cag Award Night]
<ref>{{cite web |author=Pankaj Solanki |url=http://advertising.indiabizclub.com/info/ad_legends |title=AD Legends, India, Advertising legends, advertising saga, Advertising founders, Adver |publisher=Advertising.indiabizclub.com |accessdate=2010-09-26 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707012614/http://advertising.indiabizclub.com/info/ad_legends |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref>

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*Official Website – [https://www.cagindia.in CAG]

[[Category:Indian design]]

Kochuveli - Mangaluru Jn Antyodaya Express

2026-03-14T21:57:03Z

Gyani24: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Thiruvananthapuram North–Mangaluru Antyodaya Express (via Alappuzha)]]

{{R from move}}

John Bradburne

2026-03-14T03:54:00Z

Gyani24: updated information based on references and corrected details

{{Short description|British Indian Army officer and secular missionary (1921–1979)}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}

{{Infobox saint
| honorific_prefix= Servant of God
| name = John Bradburne
| honorific_suffix= [[Secular Franciscan Order|OFS]]
| image = Army days.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Bradburne in officer's uniform
| titles =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1921|6|14}}
| birth_place = [[Skirwith]], [[Cumberland, England]]
| home_town =
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1979|9|5|1921|7|14}}
| death_place = [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]
| venerated_in =
| beatified_date =
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}}

'''John Randal Bradburne''', [[Secular Franciscan Order|OFS]]<ref>(en) Although Bradburne was an SFO when he was alive, members of his order, the Secular Franciscan Order, are now required to use OFS after their names by the [http://home.catholicweb.com/stmaximiliankolberegion/files/OFS_in_English.pdf 2011 declaration]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} of the order's General Chapter.</ref> (14 June 1921 – 5 September 1979) was an English lay member of the [[Third Order of Saint Francis]], a poet, and warden of the Mutemwa [[leper colony]] at [[Mutoko]], Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Bradburne was killed by nationalist guerrillas and he is a candidate for [[canonisation]]. On 15 July 2019, the [[Holy See]] gave the ''[[nihil obstat]]'' for the start of the cause of canonisation by giving Bradburne the title of '[[Servant of God]]'.

==Background==
John Randal Bradburne was born on 14 June 1921 in [[Skirwith]], [[Cumberland]], England.<ref>"Bradburne, John R, mother's maiden name Hill" in ''Register of Births for Penrith Registration District'', vol. 10b (1921), p. 1089</ref><ref name=bishop>Rt. Rev. Patrick O'Donoghue, the Bishop of Lancaster, "A Pilgrimage to Skirwith!", in ''John Bradburne Memorial Society Newsletter'', Winter 2004, [http://www.johnbradburne.com/includes/pdfs/winter04.pdf p. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220615/http://www.johnbradburne.com/includes/pdfs/winter04.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> A son of the marriage of Thomas William Bradburne and Erica May Hill in 1916,<ref>"Bradburne, Thomas W & Hill, Erica M." in ''Register of Marriages for Watford Registration District'', vol. 3a (1916), p. 1688</ref> he was baptised in the [[Church of England]] at Skirwith on 31 July 1921.<ref name=bishop/> He had two brothers and two sisters. Their father, an Anglican clergyman, was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of Skirwith.<ref name=bishop/> The Bradburnes were cousins of the playwright [[Terence Rattigan]] and were more distantly related to the politician [[Christopher Soames, Baron Soames|Christopher Soames]].

==Education==
Bradburne was educated at [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], a [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|private school]] in Norfolk, from 1934 to 1939, after his father had gained a new [[benefice]] in Norfolk. His brother Michael was at Gresham's with him, but moved on to [[Eton College|Eton]]. Bradburne was a member of the school's [[Combined Cadet Force|Officers' Training Corps]]. He was planning to continue his studies at a university, but at the outset of the [[World War II|Second World War]] he volunteered for the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]], with which his mother's family was connected; she had been born in [[Lucknow]]. He was sent for training at an Officer Cadet Training Unit at [[Bulford Camp]].<ref>John Dove, ''Strange Vagabond of God: The Story of John Bradburne'' (Gracewing Publishing, 1997), [https://books.google.com/books?id=VjdXWDpt34YC&pg=PA5 p. 5]</ref>

==War service==
In December 1940 Bradburne was commissioned in the Indian Army.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35039|pages=197|date=10 January 1941}}</ref> He was assigned to the [[9th Gorkha Rifles|9th Gurkha Rifles]] of the Indian Army and soon posted with them to [[British Malaya]] to face the invasion of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. After the [[fall of Singapore]] in February 1942, Bradburne spent a month in the jungle. With another Gurkha officer, he tried to sail a [[sampan]] to [[Sumatra]] but they were shipwrecked. A second attempt was successful, and Bradburne was rescued by a [[Royal Navy]] destroyer and returned to [[Dehra Dun]] in India. He then saw active service with [[Orde Wingate]]'s [[Chindits]] in Burma.<ref>Dove (1997), chapter 3, “Gurkha Days”, pp. 11–15</ref>

==After the war==
Bradburne relinquished his commission in March 1946, on account of ill health.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37509 |pages=1496|date=22 March 1946}}</ref>

Bradburne had a religious experience in Malaya, and his faith became the dominant impulse in his life. When he returned to England after the war, he stayed with the [[Order of St Benedict|Benedictine]]s of [[Buckfast Abbey]], where he became a [[Roman Catholic]] in 1947. He wanted to be a Benedictine monk but the Order would not accept him because he had not been in the Church for two years.<ref>(en) Joan Carroll Cruz, ''Saintly Men of Modern Times'', p. 164</ref> After a while, he felt a strong urge to travel.

For the next sixteen years, Bradburne wandered through England, France, Italy, Greece and the Middle East with only a [[Gladstone bag]]. In England, he stayed with the [[Carthusian]]s for seven months. In Israel, he joined the small [[Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion|Order of Our Lady of Mount Sion]], and went as a [[Novitiate|novice]] to [[Leuven]] (Louvain), Belgium, for a year, where he met [[Géza Vermes]] who became a noted scholar.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vermes|first1=Geza|title=Providential Accidents: An Autobiography|date=1993|publisher=1998|isbn=0334027225|pages=78–79}}</ref> After that, he walked to Rome and lived for a year in the organ loft of the small church in a mountain village, playing the organ. He tried to live as a hermit on [[Dartmoor]], then went to the Benedictine [[Prinknash Abbey]], before joining the choir of [[Westminster Cathedral]] as a [[sacristan]]. [[William Godfrey|Cardinal Godfrey]] asked him to be the caretaker of his country house, [[Hare Street House]], in [[Hertfordshire]].

On Good Friday 1956, Bradburne joined the [[Secular Franciscan Order]] but remained a layman.

Bradburne's wanderlust was coming to an end in 1962, when he wrote to a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] friend in [[Rhodesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]]), Fr John Dove SJ. He asked, "Is there a cave in Africa where I can pray?" The answer was the invitation to come to Rhodesia and be a missionary helper. This is where in 1969, Bradburne found Mutemwa Leprosy Settlement near Mutoko, 143 kilometres (89 miles) northeast of Salisbury (now [[Harare]]). It was a cut-off community of [[leprosy]] patients abandoned by others. Here Bradburne stayed with these patients until his murder in 1979. He cared for them as their warden but fell out with the [[Leprosy Association]] and was expelled from the colony. He stayed in a tin hut, just outside the perimeter fence, for the last six years of his life but continued to minister to the lepers.<ref name="CMo"/>

After his arrival to Africa, Bradburne told a Franciscan priest that he had three wishes: to help the victims of leprosy, to die a [[Christian martyrs|martyr]], and to be buried in the Franciscan habit.<ref>(en) ''Ibid.'', p. 166</ref>

==Death==
By July 1979, the [[Rhodesian Bush War]], then in its 15th and last year, was approaching Mutemwa. His friends urged Bradburne to leave but he insisted that he should stay with the lepers. On 2 September 1979, guerrillas of the [[Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army]] abducted him. He was shot and died on 5 September at the age of 58. He was buried in a Franciscan habit, according to his wishes, at the [[Chishawasha]] Mission Cemetery, about 18 kilometres (11 miles) northeast of Salisbury (now Harare).<ref>(en) ''Ibid.'', pp. 167–169</ref>

==Legacy==
Feature articles on Bradburne and Mutemwa appeared in the ''[[Sunday Telegraph]]'' on 23 April 1989, 28 August 1994 and 14 September 2009.<ref name="CMo">{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Charles |title=John Bradburne: a martyr who turned love into the divine |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/charlesmoore/6189629/John-Bradburne-a-martyr-who-turned-love-into-the-divine.html |accessdate=21 September 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 September 2009}}</ref> The last two articles were written by the newspaper's editor, [[Charles Moore (journalist)|Charles Moore]], who had visited Mutemwa.

In July 2001, the Franciscan priest Father Paschal Slevin, [[Franciscan|OFM]], presented a petition to [[Patrick Fani Chakaipa]], [[Archbishop of Harare]], for an inquiry into Bradburne's canonisation. Father Slevin commented: "I have no doubt that John died a martyr in his determination to serve his friends, the lepers. If his martyrdom is accepted, his cause for sainthood could go quite quickly".<ref>Spectator (UK), [https://archive.today/20130217025159/http://www.zwnews.com/print.cfm?ArticleID=1993 "Letter from Zimbabwe"], ZWNews.com, Friday, 29 June 2001</ref>

A service is held in Bradburne's memory at Mutemwa every year, drawing as many as 25,000 people each time. In 2009 a Mass commemorating the 30th anniversary of his death was held at [[Westminster Cathedral]] in London.<ref>"London: John Bradburne: Anniversary Mass and Talk", ''Independent Catholic News'', 5 September 2009, https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/14768</ref> The 40th Anniversary of Bradburne's assassination was marked both at Mutemwa with the pilgrimage and then an exhibition and talks at Westminster Cathedral on 21 September 2019, where his relics were displayed for the first time.

He left behind 6,000 poems.<ref>[http://www.johnbradburnepoems.com Johnbradburnepoems.com]</ref> He is in the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' for being in terms of lines of poetry alone, the most prolific poet in English. Comprising a total of 169,925 individual lines. Bradburne's output almost doubles that of William Shakespeare.<ref name="DTel">{{cite news |last1=Shute |first1=Joe |title=Robert Mugabe's henchmen murdered my great uncle - now he is on the path to being made a saint |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/great-uncle-murdered-robert-mugabes-henchmen-now-path-made/ |accessdate=21 September 2019 |work=Daily Telegraph |date=17 August 2019}}</ref> Most of his poems were written after 1968 and cover a wide range of spiritual, natural, elegiac and narrative subject matter. As he wrote his domestic letters largely in verse, new poems from the recipients are still occasionally found.

A campaign to have Bradburne [[beatified]] and [[canonised]] was started by the late Celia Brigstocke, Bradburne's niece, and continued by Kate Macpherson, his great niece.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burgess|first1=Kaya|title=Calls for first English saint in 50 years|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/history/article/calls-for-first-english-saint-in-50-years-gsjmk5gfv|access-date=30 May 2018|work=[[The Times]]|date=23 April 2018|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Campaign to make John Bradburne first English saint in almost 50 years|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/93116/campaign-to-make-john-bradburne-first-english-saint-in-almost-50-years|accessdate=30 May 2018|work=The Week UK|date=23 April 2018}}</ref>

On 1 July 2019 the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] in Rome issued a formal ''[[nihil obstat]]'' for the cause of beatification of Bradburne to proceed. The letter was sent to Archbishop [[Robert Ndlovu]], primate of Zimbabwe, who in April 2019 had convened a meeting of Zimbabwean Bishops at which there was unanimous approval to support the cause. A [[postulator]], Enrico Solinas, a lay judge at the Umbrian Interdiocesan Ecclesiastical Court of Perugia, was appointed in 2018 and is taking the cause forward.

On 5 September 2019, the 40th anniversary of Bradburne's death, a special ceremony was held at Mutemwa to officially launch the cause.<ref>{{cite news |title=Zimbabwe pushes for missionary to be made a saint |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-pushes-for-missionary-to-be-made-a-saint/ |accessdate=21 September 2019 |work=New Zimbabwe |date=5 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Briton John Bradburne could become Zimbabwe's first Catholic saint|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49767930|publisher=BBC News|author=Shingai Nyoka|date=20 September 2019|accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* (en) Tom Russell OFM wrote 'John Randall Bradburne 1921-1979 Servant of God' 2020. [https://www.johnbradburne.com/product/servant-of-god/]
* (fr) Didier Rance wrote 'The Vagabond of God' 2017.
* (en) Prof. David Crystal wrote 'A Life Made of Words, poetry and Thought of John Bradburne' 2018.
* (fr) Didier Rance wrote 'John Bradburne Une Vie' 2019
* (en) Renato Tonel wrote 'John Bradburne Mystic, Poet and Martyr 1921-1979' 2018
* (it) Fr Valentine Cascarino 'Thesis on John and Franciscanism' 2019
* (en) Father John Dove, [[Society of Jesus|SJ]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=VjdXWDpt34YC&dq=%22Chishawasha+Mission+Cemetery%22&pg=PA286 ''Strange Vagabond of God:''] ''The Story of John Bradburne'' (Leominster, England: Gracewing, 2001) {{ISBN|0-85244-383-8}} (Published 1985 and 1990, revised 1997, reprinted 2001)
* (en) John Bradburne and Professor David Crystal, editor. ''Songs of the Vagabond'' (Leominster, England: Holy Island Press, 1996) {{ISBN|0-951306-34-0}}
* (en) Prof. David Crystal and Hilary Crystal, eds., ''John Bradburne's Mutemwa in Poems and Pictures'' (Leominister, England: Holy Island Press, 2000) {{ISBN|0-951306-35-9}}
* (en) John Bradburne Memorial Society, ''John Bradburne of Mutemwa, 1921–1979'' (Leominster, England: The John Bradburne Memorial Society, ca 1995)
* (fr) Didier Rance, ''John Bradburne, le vagabond de Dieu'' [John Bradburne, the Vagabond of God] (Paris: Éditions Salvator, 2012) {{ISBN|2-706708-82-4}}
* (en) Joan Carroll Cruz, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tvvy3Rzcw8AC&dq=%22John+Bradburne%22+%22Saintly+Men%22&pg=PA163 "John Bradburne / 1921 – 1979 / Vagabond of God / England/Africa"], ''Saintly Men of Modern Times'', pp. 163–169 (Huntingdon, Indiana, USA: Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 2003) {{ISBN|1-931709-77-7}}
* (en) Leo Knowles, "Come Sweet Death on Wednesday" : "John Bradburne", ''Modern Heroes of the Church'' (Huntingdon, Indiana, USA: Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 2003), pp. 15–24 {{ISBN|1-931709-46-7}}
* (en) Nanette Mary, "The Long Road to Mutemwa" [a poem about the life and adventures of John Bradburne], ''The Long Road to Mutemwa: And Other Writings'' (Bloomington, Indiana, USA: AuthorHouse, 2012), pp. xiii–xiv, 1–21. {{ISBN|978-1-4772-2661-2}}. The first five pages of the poem are available online at [https://books.google.com/books?id=F35if_FcIzsC&q=%22John+Bradburne%22+%22Nanette+Mary%22 GoogleBooks]

==Documentaries==
* (en) "On Eagles' Wings: The Life and Death of John Bradburne", VHS, running time, producer, place, and date unknown, available from the John Bradburne Memorial Society.
* (en) "Vagabond of God", 59 minutes, format unknown, Norman Servais, Cape Town, South Africa, 1999; released to coincide with the 20th Anniversary of the death of John Bradburne. For more information, go to [http://www.icon.co.za/~host/john/video/index.htm].

==External links==
* (en) [http://www.johnbradburne.com/ The John Bradburne Memorial Society]
* (en) [http://www.johnbradburnepoems.com The Poems of John Bradburne]
* (en) [http://www.spectator.co.uk/archive/letters/9089/letter-from-zimbabwe.thtml Letter from Zimbabwe]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in [[The Spectator]], 30 June 2001
* (en) [http://www.icon.co.za/~host/john/index.htm John Bradburne at icon.co.za]
* (en) [http://www.icon.co.za/~host/john/mutemwa/index.htm Mutemwa Leprosy Settlement and John Bradburne]
* (en) [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcGjYYMDHb4vQStf63_PKDg The John Bradburne Memorial Society JBMS YouTube page]

{{Authority control}}
{{Catholic saints}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradburne, John}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cumberland]]
[[Category:People educated at Gresham's School]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Secular Franciscans]]
[[Category:English expatriates in Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:People of the Rhodesian Bush War]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Rhodesia]]
[[Category:People murdered in 1979]]
[[Category:People murdered in Rhodesia]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Rhodesia]]

Parthasarathi Chakraborty

2026-03-12T09:11:56Z

Gyani24: made the stub initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian geochemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Parthasarathi Chakraborty
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Environmental chemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]] | [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]]}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of North Bengal]] | [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]] | [[Carleton University]] | [[Wageningen University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Metal Speciation and Environmental Geochemistry
| awards = {{ublist| 2013 [[Ministry of Mines (India)|MoM]] National Geoscience Award| 2015 [[Indian Geophysical Union|IGU]] M. S. Krishnan Medal| 2018 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}

'''Parthasarathi Chakraborty''' is an Indian environmental geochemist, a former senior scientist at the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography]] and an associate professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]][[National Institute of Oceanography, India|, India]]. Chakraborty is known for his studies in the field of [[environmental chemistry|Environmental Chemistry]]. He made contributions to the field of Environmental Geochemistry, which has facilitated our understanding of metal-natural ligand interactions in natural and marine environments. He is a recipient of the National Geoscience Award-2015 and an elected fellow of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2018.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=535 |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
Parthasarathi Chakraborty, born on 24 October 1976 in [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]] India, graduated in chemistry with honors from the [[University of North Bengal]] in 1998 and continued at the institution to earn a master's degree in inorganic chemistry in 2000.<ref name="Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_researcherdisplay/task/show/tid/2/sid/69/rid/1225 |title=Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography |date=2018-12-23 |website=www.nio.org |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Subsequently, he secured an M-Tech in industrial [[catalysis]] from [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]] in 2002 and moved to Canada for doctoral studies, earning a PhD in Chemistry (specialisation in analytical environmental chemistry) from [[Carleton University]] in 2007. He did his post-doctoral work at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science of [[Wageningen University]] for one year. He returned to India in 2008 to join the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]].<ref name="Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography" /> After working in the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] for 10 years, Chakraborty moved and started working in [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Research and contributions ==
The major contributions made by Chakraborty in the field of Environmental Geochemistry (particularly in the field of trace and toxic metal speciation in marine systems) are described below:

Since the marine systems are dynamic in nature and never at chemical equilibrium, He realized that a chemical-equilibrium-based approach to metal speciation would give wrong estimates of labile metal concentrations (which are widely correlated with [[ecotoxicity]]) in marine sediments. He improved kinetics-based approaches to understand metals speciation and their bioavailability in estuarine/coastal and deep sea systems. His research focuses on developing and applying a wide range of kinetic methods for chemical speciation in marine/estuarine sediment systems, each with its own characteristic timescale of measurement. An important achievement of his research is to advance the science of metal speciation by identifying the analytical timescale of measurement as the critical parameter for defining the chemical species in the coastal and marine sediment system. The ability of the speciation techniques (multi-method approach) to provide a chemically significant description of the kinetics of metal-natural ligands interaction in sediment suggests that the metal and ligand exchange reactions precede mainly by the disjunctive mechanism (complete dissociation of ML), a fundamental process in coastal marine systems. He showed that kinetics-based approach provides the actual metal speciation instead of the current practice of chemical equilibrium speciation. This kinetic based is expected to promote wider acceptance of the approach by regulatory agencies.

He has demonstrated the effects of Ligand Field Stabilization Energy, water exchange rate, Jahn Teller distortion of transition metals on their speciation and bioavailability in estuarine and coastal sediments. This is the first time that these effects have been described in sediments. This research is directly relevant for researchers in geochemistry as it will help provide a better understanding of metal–natural ligand interactions in marine environments.

By realising the [[global catastrophic risk]] in the near future, many developing countries have already signed the treaty to reduce Hg use and its release to control environmental Hg pollution. However, how to reduce the impact of climate change on Hg pollution is not truly known. Climate change is anticipated to increase Earth's average temperature and influence overall patterns and amounts of precipitation. Climate change has been proclaimed to increase Hg pollution even if anthropogenic Hg emission remains constant. Therefore, increasing anthropogenic Hg release with climate change is expected to intensify the detrimental effects of Hg in the developing countries. He took the challenge to understand Hg-natural ligands interaction with an aim to reduce Hg pollution in marine systems. He showed that sedimentary Hg concentrations around India are low and not alarming. He identified that sedimentary organic matter can be an important factor in controlling Hg distribution and its bioavailability in coastal marine systems.

The outcomes of his research have enormously contributed to the field of environmental geochemistry and oceanic biogeochemistry. Two of his research articles are the most cited articles in "Marine Chemistry" and "Chemical Geology" journals (the two most respected international journals in Chemical and geological oceanography) since 2012, (extracted from Scopus).

Chakraborty has published a number of articles,{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles, has listed 57 of them.<ref name="Parthasarathi Chakraborty on ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Parthasarathi_Chakraborty |title=Parthasarathi Chakraborty on ResearchGate |date=2018-12-23 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He is a former associate member of the Working Group 139 (Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean) and works as an associate member of SCOR-145 (Chemical Speciation Modelling in Seawater to Meet 21st Century Needs).<ref name="Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean – Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)">{{Cite web |url=https://scor-int.org/group/139/ |title=Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean – Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) |date=2018-12-23 |website=scor-int.org |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He is associated with several scientific Societies and is as an associate editor of the [[Elsevier]] journal, ''Marine Pollution Bulletin''.

== Awards and honors ==
Chakraborty was selected for the National Geoscience Award-2013 of the [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]] in 2015.<ref name="Narendra Singh Tomar Announces the Winners of the National Geoscience Awards 2013">{{Cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117930 |title=Narendra Singh Tomar Announces the Winners of the National Geoscience Awards 2013 |date=2018-12-23 |website=pib.nic.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref name="President Pranab Mukherjee confers prestigious National Geoscience Awards for 2013 upon twenty three geoscientists">{{Cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117997 |title=President Pranab Mukherjee confers prestigious National Geoscience Awards for 2013 upon twenty three geoscientists |date=2018-12-23 |website=pib.nic.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He received the M. S. Krishnan Medal of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]] in 2015.<ref name="Dr Parthasarathi Chakraborty selected for MS Krishnan Medal 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_newsdisplay/task/view/tid/4/sid/23/nid/383 |title=Dr Parthasarathi Chakraborty selected for MS Krishnan Medal 2015 |date=2018-12-23 |website=National Institute of Oceanography |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Chakraborty was bestowed with the IAGC Kharaka Award (USA) in 2017. He also received ISAG Medal-2017 for his contribution in Environmental Geochemistry. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2018.<ref name="Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=547 |title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |date=2018-12-23 |website=ssbprize.gov.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref name="NIO scientist to get award from PM - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/nio-scientist-to-get-award-from-pm/articleshow/66046670.cms |title=NIO scientist to get award from PM - Times of India |date=3 October 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* Chakraborty, P., Babu, P.R. and Sarma, V.V., 2012. A study of lead and cadmium speciation in some estuarine and coastal sediments. ''Chemical Geology'', ''294'', pp. 217–225.
*Chakraborty, P., Sarkar, A., Vudamala, K., Naik, R. and Nath, B.N., 2015. Organic matter—a key factor in controlling mercury distribution in estuarine sediment. ''Marine Chemistry'', ''173'', pp. 302–309.
*Chakraborty, P., Ramteke, D., Chakraborty, S. and Nath, B.N., 2014. Changes in metal contamination levels in estuarine sediments around India–an assessment. ''Marine pollution bulletin'', ''78''(1-2), pp. 15–25.
*Chakraborty, P., Babu, P.R., Vudamala, K., Ramteke, D. and Chennuri, K., 2014. Mercury speciation in coastal sediments from the central east coast of India by modified BCR method. ''Marine pollution bulletin'', ''81''(1), pp. 282–288.
*Chakraborty, P., Chakraborty, S., Jayachandran, S., Madan, R., Sarkar, A., Linsy, P. and Nath, B.N., 2016. Effects of bottom water dissolved oxygen variability on copper and lead fractionation in the sediments across the oxygen minimum zone, western continental margin of India. ''Science of the Total Environment'', ''566'', pp. 1052–1061.
*Chakraborty, P., 2017. Mercury exposure and Alzheimer's disease in India - An imminent threat?. ''Science of the Total Environment'', ''589'', pp. 232–235.
* {{Cite journal |date=2010-07-01 |title=Stress and toxicity of biologically important transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) on phytoplankton in a tropical freshwater system: An investigation with pigment analysis by HPLC |journal=Chemosphere |language=en |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=548–553 |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.039 |pmid=20493512 |issn=0045-6535|last1=Chakraborty |first1=Parthasarathi |last2=Raghunadh Babu |first2=P.V. |last3=Acharyya |first3=Tamoghna |last4=Bandyopadhyay |first4=Debasmita |bibcode=2010Chmsp..80..548C }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Chuni L. |last2=Murimboh |first2=John |last3=Fasfous |first3=Ismail I. |last4=Chakraborty |first4=Parthasarathi |date=2007-05-01 |title=Simultaneous determination of speciation parameters of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in model solutions of Suwannee River fulvic acid by pseudopolarography |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=388 |issue=2 |pages=463–474 |doi=10.1007/s00216-007-1185-3 |pmid=17333145 |s2cid=34187569 |issn=1618-2650}}
*Chakraborty, P., 2010. Study of cadmium–humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium–humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques. ''Analytica chimica acta'', ''659''(1-2), pp. 137–143.
* {{Cite journal |date=2015-04-15 |title=Geochemical partitioning of Cu and Ni in mangrove sediments: Relationships with their bioavailability |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |language=en |volume=93 |issue=1–2 |pages=194–201 |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.016 |pmid=25748786 |issn=0025-326X|last1=Chakraborty |first1=Parthasarathi |last2=Ramteke |first2=Darwin |last3=Chakraborty |first3=Sucharita |bibcode=2015MarPB..93..194C }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Biogeochemistry]]
* [[Ligand (biochemistry)]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/meet-the-winners-of-this-years-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-prize-for-science-and-technology/articleshow/66010856.cms |title=Meet the winners of this year's Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for science and technology |last=30 Sep |first=Bangalore Mirror Bureau |date=30 September 2018 |website=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=2018-12-23}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Parthasarathi}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of North Bengal alumni]]
[[Category:Cochin University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Carleton University alumni]]
[[Category:Wageningen University and Research alumni]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Bhaskaravarman

2026-03-07T12:45:29Z

Gyani24: improve structure also and updated info

{{short description|Ruler of the Kamarupa kingdom in ancient India from 600 to 650 CE}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bhaskaravarman
| succession = King of [[Kamarupa]]
| reign = 600–650 CE
| title =
| image = File:Kamarupa_Kingdom_of_Bhaskar_Varman.png
| caption = The 7th-century Kamarupa kingdom under Bhaskaravarman.<ref name="acharya_map">{{harvcol|Dutta|2008|p=282}}, reproduced from {{harvcol|Acharya|1968}}.</ref> The kingdom extended to the east up to the hills leading to China,<ref>"He travelled from Pun-na-fa-tan-na (Pundravardhana) on the east more than 900 ''li'' or 150 miles; crossed a large river and reached Kia-no-leu-po (Kamarupa). The ''T'ang Shu'' refers to this large river as Ka-lo-tu, which undoubtedly meant the Karatoya. The pilgrim further stated that to the east of the country was a series of hills which reached as far as the confines of China." {{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=75}}</ref> according to the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] who visited Bhaskarbarman's court during his reign around 643 CE.
}}
{{Assam History}}
'''Bhaskaravarman''' (600–650 CE) was king of [[Kamarupa]] and the last ruler of the [[Varman dynasty]]. He restored Varman rule after his father, [[Susthitavarman]], was defeated, and allied with [[Harsha]]vardhana of Thaneswar during a conflict against [[Kingdom of Gauda|Gauda]] and East Malwa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9380607344 |page=39}}</ref>{{sfn|Baruah|1986|p=}}

==Background==
Bhaskaravarman succeeded his brother [[Supratisthitavarman]] and was the first Kamarupa king to claim descent from [[Narakasura]], [[Bhagadatta]], and [[Vajradatta]].<ref name="Sharma 1978 xiv">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Madhava |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1978 |page=xiv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhaskaravarman, Bhāskaravarman: 3 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhaskaravarman |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Wisdom Library |date=21 January 2021 }}</ref> He issued the Dubi and Nidhanpur [[copper]] plate grants.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Madhava |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1978}}</ref> A clay seal bearing his name was found at [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dikshit |first=K.N. |year=1922 |title=Epigraphical Notes of the Nalanda Finds |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108415/page/n83/mode/2up |journal=Epigraphia Indica |volume=12 |pages=78–80}}</ref>

After [[Susthitavarman|Susthitavarman's]] defeat by [[Mahasenagupta]], Supratisthitavarman briefly ruled but died without an heir. Bhaskaravarman then took the throne around 600 CE.{{sfn|Gait|1906|pp=53–55}}

== Rivals ==
[[Mahasenagupta]] allied with [[Shashanka]] and controlled northern and central [[Bengal]] after defeating [[Susthitavarman]].{{sfn|Barua|1933}} After Mahasenagupta's death, Shashanka ruled Bengal. Bhaskaravarman's principal rivals were Shashanka and [[Prabhakaravardhana]], the father of [[Harshavardhana]].{{sfn|Baruah|1986}}

==Alliance with Harsha==
After Shashanka killed Harshavardhana's brother and successor, Rajyavardhana, Bhaskaravarman sent an envoy, Hangsavega, to Thaneswar to form an alliance. The event is recorded by Bana and Xuanzang.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sircar |first=D.C. |title= The Comprehensive History of Assam : Political History |publisher=Publication Board Assam |year=1990 |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H.K. |volume=1 |pages=94–171}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beal |first=Samuel |title=Si-Yu-Ki |year=1884}}</ref>

==Chinese accounts==

===Xuanzang's account===
{{Kamarupa}}
Chinese pilgrim, [[Xuanzang]] visited Bhaskaravarman's court around 643 CE, describing the capital's circumference as thirty [[Li (unit)|Li]] (~9 miles (14.48 km)). He described Bhaskaravarman as descendant of [[Narayana]] and a [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] by caste who patronized [[Buddhism]], although he was not a Buddhist himself.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beal |first=Samuel |url=https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre02bealuoft/page/196/mode/2up |title=Si-Yu-Ki |year=1884 |page=196}}</ref>

===Dao Xuan's account===
Origin myth mentioned by Xuanzang diverges from the account presented in the book ''She-Kia-Fang-Che,'' which describes Bhaskaravarman as a [[Kshatriya]] of Chinese ancestry.<ref name="Sharma 1978 xiv"/>

===Wang Xuance's account===
After 648 CE, the envoy [[Wang Xuance]] visited [[Harsha|Harshavardhana's]] court but was expelled by [[Yashovarman]]. Wang returned with an army, captured Yashovarman, and brought him to China. Bhaskaravarman aided Wang with supplies.{{sfn|Barua|1933}} Chinese records call Bhaskaravarman Ch-Kieu-mo (Sri-Kumara) and Kamarupa Kia-mu-lu. He gave Wang a map and requested an image of [[Laozi]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |year=2012 |title=Karnasuvarna |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Karnasuvarna |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref>

==Kamarupa of Bhaskaravarman==
According to the travel account of [[Xuanzang]], Kamarupa was entered after crossing the [[Karatoya River]]. He described the eastern boundary of the kingdom as a line of hills near the Chinese frontier and estimated its circumference at nearly 1,700 miles (approximately 2,736 kilometres).<ref name=":0" />

Xuanzang recorded descriptions of the population using descriptive terms typical of seventh-century travel accounts. He noted that the inhabitants were of short stature and described them as having a yellow complexion, language that reflects contemporary ethnographic conventions rather than modern classifications. He observed that their speech differed little from that of Central India and characterized them as both violent in disposition and diligent in learning.

In religious matters, Xuanzang wrote that Bhaskaravarman followed [[Hindus|Hindu]] religious traditions and was not [[Buddhists|Buddhist]]. He reported that the population worshipped Hindu deities and that Buddhism was not widely practiced, noting the presence of hundreds of temples and multiple religious systems with many adherents. He stated that Buddhists were present in the kingdom but practiced their devotion discreetly.

Xuanzang also recorded information conveyed to him by local inhabitants, who said that hills extended eastward as far as the borders of China. The people living in these hill regions were described as resembling those referred to as the “Man of the Lao,” reflecting second-hand reports and the classificatory language of the period.<ref name=":0" />

===Description===
Xuanzang notes that Kamarupa was low and moist and that the crops were regular. Coconuts and jackfruits grew abundantly and were appreciated by the people. The described location is around present-day [[Guwahati]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Beal |first=Samuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct4GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA196 |title=Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World |publisher=Trubner & Co. |year=1884 |volume=II |page=196}}</ref>

According to the account given in the Si-yu-ki, the circumference of Kamarupa was about 1,700 miles (2,735.88 km). As Edward Albert Gait has pointed out, this circumference must have included the whole of the [[Assam]] valley, Surma valley, parts of North Bengal, and parts of Mymensingh.{{sfn|Gait|1906|pp=23–24}}

===Religion===
Bhaskaravarman was primarily a worshiper of [[Shiva]] but showed respect towards [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]] and scholars, reflecting an inclination towards Buddhism.<ref>https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre02bealuoft/page/196/mode/2up</ref> The general populace worshipped various Devas in temples, while Buddhist followers often practiced their devotion in secret.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ekf7v9yJ6k4C&pg=PA45</ref>

===Culture===
During his reign, the Nidhanpur copper plate grant documents unique local literary forms, while Chinese accounts describe diplomatic exchanges with Harshavardhana's court.<ref name="Wakhal Nachom">{{cite web | title=Wakhal Nachom | date=2006 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465125/page/n47/mode/2up }}</ref> The Karnasuvarna copper plate grant also features distinct regional literary styles not found in later inscriptions.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44143290]{{Dead link|date=September 2025}}</ref>

===Art and industry===
His gifts to Harshavardhana included land products such as a royal umbrella studded with gems, puthis on sachi-bark, cane mats, agar essence, musk, molasses, utensils, paintings, and silk fabrics, as recorded in contemporary accounts.<ref name="Wakhal Nachom"/><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=L7iV6DwAuQAC&pg=PA67</ref>

==Nidhanpur inscription==
{{main|Nidhanpur copperplate inscription}}
[[File:Nidhanpur Inscription of Bhaskar Varman.jpg|thumb|180x180px|<div style="text-align: center;">''[[Nidhanpur]] inscription of Bhaskaravarman''</div>]] The Nidhanpur copper plate inscription describes him using traditional royal epithets, stating he “dispelled the darkness of the Kali age” and “upheld Arya religion with his revenues”—typical ceremonial language found in contemporary royal inscriptions. He is metaphorically adorned with fame from defeated kings’ praises and compared to legendary figures for charity and wisdom.{{tone inline|date=September 2025}} The inscription attributes to him qualities typical of royal panegyrics, including learning and military strength.<ref>Sharma, Mukunda Madhava (1978). ''Inscriptions of Ancient Assam''. Gauhati University.</ref>

==Nalanda seal==
[[File:Seal of Bhaskar Varman Found at Nalanda dated 643 A.D.jpg|thumb|180x180px|The Nalanda seal of Bhaskaravarman (dated 643 CE)]]
Bhaskaravarman's seal, dated 643 CE, was discovered at Nalanda with Harshvardhana seals during the 1917–18 excavations. The inscription lists royal names and may have accompanied an invitation to Xuanzang.<ref>Dikshit, K.N. (1922). "Epigraphical Notes of the Nalanda Finds." ''Epigraphia Indica'', Vol. XII.</ref> The presence of both kings’ seals suggests they visited Nalanda

{{blockquote|<poem>Sri Ganapati Varma Sri Yajnavatyam Sri Mahendra Varma.
Sri Suvratayam Sri Narayanavarma Sri Devavatyam Sri Mahabhuta Varman.
Sri Vijnana Vatyam Sri Chandramukha Varman Sri Bhogavatyam.
Sri Sthitavarma tena Sri Nayana Sobhayam (Sri Susthitavarman)
(Sri Syama Lakshmyam) Sri Supratisthita Varman.
Sri Bhaskara Varmeti.</poem>}}

[[Kashinath Narayan Dikshit|K.N. Dikshit]], in his “Epigraphical notes of the Nalanda finds”, proposes that the seal probably accompanied Bhaskaravarman's letter to [[Śīlabhadra]] inviting Xuanzang. Bhaskaravarman's seal was found in the company of the two Harsha seals. It is likely that both Harsha and Bhaskaravarman traveled from [[Rajmahal]] to [[Kannauj|Kanauj]], specifically to visit the university of [[Nalanda University|Nalanda]]. Besides inviting the Chinese pilgrim, they commemorated their visits by leaving their respective seals at the university.{{sfn|Barua|1933|p=98}}

==Death==
The date and circumstances of Bhaskaravarman's death are unknown; his reign likely ended on ~650 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Varman Dynasty of Kamarupa {{!}} PDF {{!}} Indian Religions |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/933862690/The-Varman-Dynasty-of-Kamarupa |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref>

== Post-death events ==
Historian Kanaklal Barua suggests a revolt by the Mlechhas took place after Bhaskaravarman's death, leading Salastambha to seize the throne from Bhaskaravarman's successor Avantivarman.

==Legacy==
The [[Assamese Calendar]] or Bhāskarābda is a [[Lunisolar calendar]], followed in the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]] is named after him. The calendar is counted from the date of the ascension of [[Bhaskaravarman|Kumar Bhashkar Barman]] to the throne of [[Kamarupa]]. It differs 593 years with Gregorian calendar.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.xobdo.org/dic/ভাস্কৰাব্দ | title=Dictionary }}</ref>

[[Kumar Bhaskar Varma Sanskrit and Ancient Studies University]] in [[Nalbari]], Assam, and [[Kumar Bhaskar Varma Setu]] over [[Brahmaputra river]] is named after him.

==See also==
* [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala Dynasty]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation| last = Acharya| first = N. N.| title = ''Asama Aitihashik Bhuchitravali'' (Maps of Ancient Assam)| publisher = Bina Library, Gauhati, Assam | year = 1968}}
* {{cite book |title=Early History Of Kamarupa |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.513799 |last=Barua |first=Kanak Lal |authorlink= Kanak Lal Barua |year=1933 }}
*{{citation |last=Baruah |first=S L |title=A Comprehensive History of Assam |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd |place=New Delhi |year=1986}}
* {{cite book |last=Beal |first=Samuel |title=Si-Yu-Ki. Buddhist Records of the Western World, Translated from the Chinese of Hsüan-tsang (A.D. 629) |year=1884 |publisher=Trubner & Co.|location=London |volume=II |access-date=17 February 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre02hsuoft}}
* {{cite thesis|type=PhD |last=Dutta |first=Anima |date=2008 |title=Political geography of Pragjyotisa Kamarupa |publisher=Gauhati University|hdl=10603/68309 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/68309}}
* {{Citation| last=Gait | given=E A | title=A History of Assam | publisher=Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta | year=1906}}
* {{Citation| last=Gait | given=Sir Edward | title=A History of Assam | publisher=Lawyer's Book Stall, Guwahati | year=1926}}
* {{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |year=2012 |chapter=Karnasuvarna |chapter-url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Karnasuvarna |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* {{Citation| last = Sircar| first = D C| contribution = Political History| year = 1990b| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 94–171| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* Kāmarūpa-Kaliṅga-Mithilā:a politico-cultural alignment in Eastern India : history, art, traditions by Chandra Dhar Tripathi, Indian Institute of Advanced Study
* {{cite book| last = Sharma| first = Mukunda Madhava| authorlink = | title = Inscriptions of Ancient Assam| publisher = Gauhati University, Assam| series = | year = 1978| doi = | isbn = }}
{{refend}}
{{Commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaskaravarman}}
[[Category:Varman dynasty]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:650 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings of Kamarupa]]
[[Category:600 births]]

Kuruppinte Kanakku Pustakom

2026-03-03T21:24:29Z

Gyani24: enhanced information after review and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam
| image =Kuruppinte_Kanakku_Pustakom.png
| caption =
| director = [[Balachandra Menon]]
| producer = Varada Balachandra Menon
| writer = Balachandra Menon
| screenplay = Balachandra Menon
| starring = [[Balachandra Menon]] [[Jayaram]] [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] [[Parvathy Jayaram]]
| music = Balachandra Menon
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = Balachandra Menon
| studio = V&V Productions
| distributor = V&V Productions
| released = {{Film date|1990|10|25|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam''''' ({{Translation|Kurup's ledger}}) is a 1990 family-drama [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Balachandra Menon]] and produced by his wife Varada Balachandra Menon. The film stars [[Balachandra Menon]], [[Jayaram]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] and [[Parvathy Jayaram]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Balachandra Menon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2290|title=Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam|accessdate=2014-10-01|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?668|title=Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam|accessdate=2014-10-01|publisher=.malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/malayalam-cinema-and-the-multiverse-of-misogyny-7807136/ | title=Malayalam cinema and the multiverse of misogyny | date=9 March 2022 }}</ref>

==Plot==
It is the story of a strict brother who has made himself a business magnate and is very much into everyone's life around him. He has certain moral attitudes and stubbornness, but the softness and the child inside him is seen by no one, and to an extent he does not show it.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Balachandra Menon]] as Vinayachandra Kurup
*[[Jayaram]] as Shanthan
*[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Vasantha
*[[Parvathy Jayaram]] as Beena
*[[Monisha Unni|Monisha]] as Sathi
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Vinayan, Shanthan and Sathi's mother
*[[Sankaradi]] as Vasantha's father
*[[Sukumari]] as Vasantha's mother
*[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Gangadharan
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair|Thikkurissy]]
*[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Beena's brother-in-law
*[[Mamukkoya]] as Ali Khan
*[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Girish
*[[Thodupuzha Vasanthi]] as Servant
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Balachandra Menon]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Edan Thaazhvarayil" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[P. Jayachandran]], Chorus || S. Ramesan Nair ||
|-
| 2 || "Pedamaan Kannee" || P. Jayachandran || S. Ramesan Nair ||
|-
| 3 || "Pularivannu" || [[P. Susheela]] || S. Ramesan Nair ||
|-
| 4 || "Theeyum Kaattum Pole" || [[S. Janaki]], Unni Menon || S. Ramesan Nair ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0279186}}
* {{YouTube|id=g5YFE3akZ4g|title=Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam}}

{{Balachandra Menon}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Balachandra Menon]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language drama films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Prasthanam

2026-03-03T17:52:17Z

Gyani24: cleanup content per standard format and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Prasthanam
|image = prasthanam.jpg
|director = [[Deva Katta]]
|writer = Deva Katta
|producer = Ravi Vallabhaneni
|starring = [[Sharwanand]] [[Sai Kumar (actor, born 1960)|Sai Kumar]] [[Sundeep Kishan]] [[Ruby Parihar]]
|cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]
| editing = Dharmendra Kakarala
|music = [[Mahesh Shankar]]
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|4|16|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-prasthanam.html|title=Prasthanam on 16 April|date=3 April 2010|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>}}
|runtime = 151 minutes
|country = India
|language = Telugu
|budget =
}}
'''''Prasthanam''''' ({{translation|Reign}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Political cinema|political]] [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[Deva Katta]]. The film was produced by Ravi Vallabhaneni under VRC Media & Entertainment banner. The film stars [[Sharwanand]], [[Sai Kumar (Telugu actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Sundeep Kishan]] (in his career acting debut) and [[Ruby Parihar]]. The film received generally positive response upon release with praise for Sai Kumar's performance. The film won two [[Filmfare Awards South]], two [[Nandi Awards]] and was also featured at the [[41st International Film Festival of India|41st IFFI]] in the Indian Panorama section.<ref>{{cite news |author=Suresh Krishnamoorthy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article841819.ece |title=NATIONAL / ANDHRA PRADESH : 'Prasthanam' gets a place in Indian Panorama |work=The Hindu |date=2010-10-22 |accessdate=2012-08-04 |archive-date=4 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204064127/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article841819.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianfilmfestival.com.au/IFF2011program_LR.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409062514/http://www.indianfilmfestival.com.au/IFF2011program_LR.pdf|date=9 April 2011}}</ref> The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as ''Padhavi'' and in Hindi as ''Asteen Ka Saanp''.

Katta remade ''Prasthanam'' in [[Hindi]] with the [[Prasthanam (2019 film)|same title]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hindi-remake-of-prasthanam-to-star-sooraj-pancholi-in-the-lead/articleshow/63593922.cms|title=Hindi remake of 'Prasthanam' to star Sooraj Pancholi in the lead?|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-05-04|archive-date=16 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616073831/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hindi-remake-of-prasthanam-to-star-sooraj-pancholi-in-the-lead/articleshow/63593922.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This film is the first film in the Deva Katta's Quadriology of society which shows the perspective of a Politician on society.
The film is considered one of the "25 Greatest Telugu Films Of The Decade" by ''[[Film Companion]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=25 Greatest Telugu Films Of The Decade {{!}} Film Companion|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017163531/https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2019|access-date=2021-06-26|website=www.filmcompanion.in|language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ketti Lokanatham Naidu, alias Loki, takes over the reins of a rural political party from a dying Dasharatha Rama Naidu. On his deathbed, Rama Naidu requests Loki marry his widowed daughter-in-law, Savitri, whose husband and his son, Keshava Naidu, were attacked and killed by a rival political group. Loki complies. 25 years later in [[Vijayawada]], Loki is now the next potential [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] candidate.

Loki's stepson is Mitranand, and his biological son is Chinna. While Mitra is a devoted and loving stepson to Loki, his stepdaughter, Valli, hates him for marrying their mother and severs ties with them. Loki wants to see Mitra as his heir because he is a thinking and sensible man, whereas Chinna is hot-blooded with a negligent lifestyle. Chinna loathes Mitra because he receives less attention than Mitra from Loki and is constantly discouraged by his father from entering politics. Valli's sister-in-law, Latha, is Mitra's girlfriend. Chinna gets upset upon learning that Mitra is now the new youth president of the party.

That same night, in the intoxication of drugs, Chinna rapes Hameed Basha's daughter, Nadia, and injures her. Upon waking up, she throws a beer bottle at Chinna's friends, who try to defend themselves. As they drive her to the hospital, the car gets overturned due to driving at a high speed. Though Chinna and his friends get out of the car unscathed, Nadia is injured and barely alive. Chinna's friends convince him to leave the spot, because even if they admit Nadia to the hospital, a police case will be filed due to the extent of her injuries. Chinna and his friends leave as the car catches fire. The next day, Chinna hides in the hospital where Valli works. Upon finding him, he admits to her what happened. In return, she chastises and threatens him by calling the police. As news reporters telecast Chinna running away from the hospital, Basha tries to attack him, only to be stabbed by Chinna. All of this is caught on-live. The entire state gets to know about Chinna's actions as a result.

Mitra wants to punish Chinna for this act, while Chinna tries to get Mitra killed. Chinna then kills Valli and her husband for looking down on him. As a twist in the tale, Loki sacrifices his political goodwill to protect Chinna. By doing so, he and Mitra are forced to confront each other. Loki has Mitra beaten up when Mitra chases after Chinna to avenge Valli. Mitra leaves the house, moves to his old home in the village, and tries to kill Chinna but cannot bring himself to do it. That same moment, Basha shows up and finishes the deed. Loki orders both Mitra and Basha to be killed in the village. Basha saves Mitra from the goons and reveals to him that Loki had killed Mitra's biological father, Keshava Naidu, out of jealousy and greed, as they were taking him to the hospital after he got severely injured from the attack of the rival political party. Because he was next to the throne in his grandfather's political party, Loki had to gain goodwill from Rama Naidu. Mitra confronts Loki and tells him that no amount of reading puranas will absolve him of his heinous character.

Loki then tells him to go beyond the puranas, as there are no villains or heroes, but rather ordinary people committing sins to fulfill their goals. Loki then tries to kill Basha, but Mitra snatches the gun from him Then Loki asks to kill him because he is unbearable with the death of Chinna and having his most lovable son turned into a foe. He asks him to relieve him of the responsibilities he got by killing him. Then Mitra falls down on Loki's feet and admits that Loki is the only father he has ever known, and even if Keshava Naidu had lived, Mitra would not have loved him as much as Loki. Mitra tells Loki that he still loves him but does not hate enough to kill him, and he requests that he end this game by himself for the sake of his mother, who became depressed and lost hope in life by losing her children. Mitra and Basha leave. Soon after, Loki shoots himself out of disgrace. Finally, the film ends with Mitra's reign beginning.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Sharwanand]] as Galla Mitranand Naidu alias Mitra
* [[Sai Kumar (actor, born 1960)|Sai Kumar]] as Ketti Lokanatham "Loki" Naidu
* [[Sundeep Kishan]] as Ketti Chinna Naidu, Loki's son; Mitra's step-brother
* [[Ruby Parihar]] as Latha, Mitra's girlfriend
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Ketti Savitri Naidu, Loki's wife; Mitra's mother
* [[Rashmi Gautam]] as Nadia Basha, Hamid's daughter and Mitra's friend; Chinna's love interest
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Hameed Basha, Nadia's father and Loki's trusted aid-turned-foe
* Surekha Vani as Valli, Keshava, and Savitri's daughter and Mitra's sister; Loki's step-daughter and Chinna's step-sister
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Goli, Mitra's friend and close confidant
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Bangaru Naidu
* [[Mannava Balayya]] as Galla Dasharatha Rama Naidu, Keshava's father and Mitra and Valli's grandfather
* [[Ravi Prakash]] as Galla Keshava Naidu, Dasharatha's son, and Savitri's husband; Mitra and Valli's father
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Reddy
* Natasha Valluri as Nikki
* [[Prudhvi Raj]]
* Dil Ramesh
{{colend}}

== Production ==
After ''[[Vennela]]'', [[Deva Katta]] approached [[Mahesh Babu]] with a political story script that was also titled ''Prasthanam''. Mahesh Babu rejected the script citing his lack of interest in doing political films. Katta approached Gopichand and Ravi Teja to star in this film, but they rejected the film as they felt the film falls short of their regular heroism in their films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/devakatta-prasthanam.html|title=Interview with Deva Katta|date=15 April 2010|work=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Before choosing [[Sharwanand]], Katta initially considered Jagapathi Babu and Sumanth.<ref>https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/devakatta.html</ref> This film marked the debut of [[Ruby Parihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rubyparihar.html|title=Interview with Ruby Parihar|date=15 April 2010|work=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Themes==

The movie, on one hand, deals with politics at grass root levels that occur in villages of India, corrupt political system and the nexus between businessmen and politicians. On the other hand, the movie deals with themes like greed, ambition and devotion which are driving forces of the lead characters in this movie. A movie-buff argues that the central theme revolves around the quote from the [[Book of Exodus]], [[Old Testament]], –"The sins of the fathers shall be visited upon the children."<ref name="Some Ramblings - Prasthanam">{{cite web|title=Prasthanam website |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/research/ramblings/ramblings-prasthanam.html/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310214641/http://idlebrain.com/research/ramblings/ramblings-prasthanam.html |archivedate=10 March 2014 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Mahesh Shankar]] and released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]. The audio launch was held at the former mall Big Bazaar in Ameerpet, Hyderabad on 12 December 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-prasthanam.html|title=Prasthanam music launch|date=12 December 2009|work=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Prasthanam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mahesh Shankar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 December 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/functions/3338/prasthanam-audio-release.aspx|title=Prasthanam Audio Release|access-date=29 September 2018|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233235/http://www.ragalahari.com/functions/3338/prasthanam-audio-release.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 2009
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:22
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Mahesh Shankar
| prev_title = [[Inkosaari]]
| prev_year = 2010
| next_title = [[Bangaru Kodipetta]]
| next_year = 2013
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| total_length = 28:22
| title1 = Payanamae | extra1 = V. V. Prasanna, Niranjanaiah Katta | length1 = 3:06 | lyrics1 = [[Deva Katta]]
| title2 = Bedaro | extra2 = Deepu | length2 = 3:51 | lyrics2 = Chaitanya Prasad
| title3 = Evado Vaadu | extra3 = [[Narayana]] | length3 = 4:47 | lyrics3 = Deva Katta
| title4 = Murali Lola | extra4 = Kalyani, [[Saindhavi]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Sriram]] | length4 = 4:24 | lyrics4 = [[Vanamali]]
| title5 = Naayudochaadoe | extra5 = V. V. Prasanna | length5 = 3:34 | lyrics5 = Vanamali
| title6 = Innalluga | extra6 = Sahithi, [[Mahesh Shankar]] | length6 = 4:50 | lyrics6 = Vanamali
| title7 = Nee Rendallo | extra7 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], S. Sowmya | length7 = 3:50 | lyrics7 = Vanamali
}}

==Reception==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 and praised the human nature aspect of the film while criticising its editing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-prasthanam.html|title=Telugu Movie review - Prasthanam|date=16 April 2010|work=Idlebrain.com|last=jeevi}}</ref> Radhika Rajamani of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "Watch ''Prasthanam'' if you like long films with a political backdrop".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-telugu-movie-review-prasthanam/20100416.htm|title=''Prasthanam'' is too long|date=16 April 2010|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani}}</ref>

==Box office==
Despite fierce competition from other big budget films, like ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' and ''[[Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'', it did modestly well at the box office.

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]
* 2010 - [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film - Bronze]] - Ravi Vallabhaneni
* 2010 - [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] - Sai Kumar

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* 2010 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)]] - Sai Kumar
* 2010 - [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Telugu Film]] - [[Deva Katta]]

==See also==
* ''[[Jilla]]'', a partial remake

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1603362}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 action drama films]]
[[Category:2010s political drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Deva Katta]]

Chairperson of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council

2026-02-26T07:52:15Z

Gyani24:

{{short description|Highest authority of the Legislative Council of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{For|lower house|List of speakers of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Chairperson
| body = Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council
| incumbent = [[Kunwar Manvendra Singh]]
| insignia = File:Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg
| insigniacaption = Seal of the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| insigniasize = 125px
| incumbentsince = 30 January 2021
| department =
| type = [[Chair (officer)|Chairperson]]
| member_of = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| nominator = Members of the Legislative Council
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| inaugural = Dr. Sir Sitaram
| status = Highest authority and presiding officer of the Legislative Council
| image = File:Acting Chairman Legislative Council,U.P. Image (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| reports_to = [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| residence = [[Lucknow]]
| termlength = No limit
| seat = [[Vidhan Bhavan, Lucknow]]
| deputy = [[Chairperson of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council#Deputy|Deputy Chairperson of the Legislative Council]]
}}
The '''chairperson of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council''' presides over the proceedings of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]. In the absence the deputy chairperson presides. The chairperson is elected internally by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/pithasin%20adhikari-sabhapati.htm|title=Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad}}</ref>

==Eligibility==
The chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council must:

# Be a citizen of India.;
# Be at least 25 years of age; and
# Should not hold any office of profit under the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].

==List of chair==
The council is headed by a chairperson, elected by members in a simple majority vote. The following is the list of chairpersons of the council.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Sr No
!Chairperson
!colspan="2" scope="col" |Tenure
!colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
!Reference
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| Dr. Sir Sitaram
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 August 1925
| style="text-align:center;" | 12 March 1937
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/shriRaghuVinayka.htm|title=Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad|website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| Dr. Sir Sitaram
| style="text-align:center;" | 12 July 1937
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 March 1949
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/dr.sirSitaRam.htm|title=Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad|website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| Chandra Bhal
| style="text-align:center;" | 10 March 1949
| style="text-align:center;" | 25 January 1950
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ChandraBhal.htm|title = Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| Chandra Bhal
| style="text-align:center;" | 26 January 1950
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1958
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="auto1"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| [[Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20 July 1958
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1964
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="auto"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| Darbari Lal Sharma
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 August 1964
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1968
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="auto"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| [[Virendra Swarup]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15 March 1969
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1974
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/shriDarbariLal.htm|title = Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| [[Virendra Swarup]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11 June 1974
| style="text-align:center;" | 26 February 1980
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/Dr.VirendraSawroop.htm |script-title=hi:डा0 वीरेन्द्र स्वरूप |language=hi |publisher=Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad |website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in |access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| Virendra Bahadur SIngh Chandel
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 October 1980
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1982
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="shriVirendraBhadur">{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/shriVirendraBhadur.htm |script-title=hi:श्री वीरेन्द्र बहादुर सिंह चन्देल |language=hi |publisher=Uttar Pradesh Vidhanparishad |website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in |access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| Virendra Bahadur SIngh Chandel
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 March 1983
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 May 1988
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="shriVirendraBhadur"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| Jagdish Chandra Dikshit
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 April 1989
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 March 1990
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriJagdishChadraDixit.htm |script-title=hi:श्री जगदीश चन्द्र दीक्षित |language=hi |website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in |access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| Shiv Prasad Gupta
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 July 1990
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 July 1992
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriShivPrashadGupta.htm |script-title=hi:श्री शिव प्रसाद गुप्त |language=hi |website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in |access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| [[Nityanand Swami (politician)|Nityanand Swami]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 25 April 1997
| style="text-align:center;" | 8 November 2000
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriNiynandSawami.htm |script-title=hi:श्री नित्यानन्द स्वामी |language=hi |website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in |access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| [[Sukhram Singh Yadav]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 August 2004
| style="text-align:center;" | 15 January 2010
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ChaudariSukhRamSinghYadav.htm|title=श्री चौधरी सुखराम सिंह यादव |language=hi|website=upvidhanparishad.nic.in|access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 15
| Ganesh Shankar Pandey
| style="text-align:center;" | 21 January 2010
| style="text-align:center;" | 15 January 2016
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{ cite web|url=http://www.upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriGaneshShakarPandey.htm|title=श्री गणेश शंकर पाण्डेय|language=hi|website=upvidha parishad.nic.in|access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| Ramesh Yadav
| style="text-align:center;" | 11 March 2016
| style="text-align:center;" | 30 January 2021
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriRameshYadav.htm|title=श्री रमेश यादव|language=hi|website=upvidha parishad.nic.in|access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 17
| [[Kunwar Manvendra Singh]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 30 January 2021
| style="text-align:center;" | present
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upvidhanparishad.nic.in/ShriKunwarManvendraSingh.htm|title=श्री कुँवर मानवेन्‍द्र सिंह‍|language=hi|website=upvidha parishad.nic.in|access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>
|-
|}
== Deputy ==
== Protem ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradesh politics-related lists]]
[[Category:Chairs of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council| ]]
[[Category:Lists of legislative speakers in India|Uttar Pradesh ]]

Diocese of Palayamkottai

2026-02-18T20:00:06Z

Gyani24: done...

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Palayamkottai
|latin = Dioecesis Palayamkottaiensis
|local = பாளையங்கோட்டை மறைமாவட்டம்
|border = catholic
|country = [[India]]
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = St. Xavier's Cathedral in [[Palayamkottai]]
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 6,102
|population = 2,652,273
|population_as_of = 2004
|catholics = 123,789
|catholics_percent= 4.7
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = Vacant
|metro_archbishop = [[Antony Pappusamy]]
|apostolic_admin =
|emeritus_bishops = [[Jude Gerald Paulraj]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|website = {{URL|https://www.palayamkottaidiocese.org/}}
|denomination=}}

[[File:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Palayamkottai_in_India.jpg | thumb | right | alt=Map of Catholic Diocese of Palayamkottai in India | Map of Catholic Diocese of Palayamkottai in India]]
The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Palayamkottai''' ({{langx|la| Palayamkottaien(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Palayamkottai]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]] in India.

==History==
* 17 May 1973: Established as Diocese of Palayamkottai from [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Madurai]].

==Bishops of Palayamkottai==
* [[Savarinathen Iruthayaraj]] (17 May 1973 – 15 July 1999)
* [[Jude Gerald Paulraj]] (23 October 2000 – 29 June 2018)
* [[Antony Papu Samy]] - Apostolic Administrator (30 June 2018 - 15 December 2019)
* [[Antonysamy Savarimuthu]] (15 December 2019 – 05 July 2025)

==Saints and causes for canonisation==
* Servant of God Peter Reddy OFS, (Paul Chenappan Reddy or Peter Paradesi)<ref name="CCBI">{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|accessdate=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/pala3.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dplmk.html Catholic Hierarchy]
* [http://www.palayamkottaidiocese.org/ Diocese website ]

{{coord|8.7226|N|77.7394|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palayamkottai}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1973]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Western Railway zone

2026-02-15T11:28:47Z

Gyani24: adjust section as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{Short description|One of the 18 zones of Indian Railways}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox rail
| railroad_name = Western Railway
| logo_filename = Western Railway Zone.svg
| logo_size = 80px
| system_map = Indianrailwayzones-numbered.png
| map_caption = Western Railway System Map-9
| map_size =
| marks = WR
| image = Western Railway Headquarter, Mumbai (1).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| start_year = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1951|11|05|br=y}} 
| end_year =  present
| predecessor_line = {{unbulleted list|[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] (BB&CI)|[[Saurashtra Railway]]|[[Rajputana–Malwa Railway|Rajputana Railway]]|[[Jaipur State Railway]]|[[Cutch State Railway]]}}
| successor_line =
| gauge = [[broad gauge]], [[metre gauge]] & [[narrow gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| electrification =
| length =
| hq_city = [[Churchgate]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| website = [https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/ WR official website]
}}

[[File:Western Railway HQ.jpg|thumb|Western Railway HQ, Mumbai]]
The '''Western Railway''' (abbreviated '''WR''') is one of the 19 zones of [[Indian Railways]] and is among the busiest railway networks in India, headquartered at [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. The major railway routes of Indian Railways which come under Western Railways are: [[Mumbai Central]]–[[Ratlam]], Mumbai Central–[[Ahmedabad]] and [[Palanpur]]–Ahmedabad. The railway system is divided into six operating divisions: {{rwd|Ahmedabad}}, {{rwd|Vadodara}}, {{rwd|Rajkot}}, {{rwd|Bhavnagar}}, {{rwd|Ratlam}}, and {{rwd|Mumbai WR}}.<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> [[Vadodara railway station]], being the junction point for the Ahmedabad–Mumbai route and the Mumbai–Ratlam route towards [[New Delhi]], is the busiest junction station in Western Railways and one of the busiest junctions of Indian Railways too, while Ahmedabad Division earns highest revenue followed by Mumbai Division and Vadodara Division. [[Surat railway station]] is one of the busiest railway station in Western Railway in non-junction category where more than 180 trains pass per day.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/zone/western-railway.php| title=About Western Railway
| website=Total Train Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812| title=Railway Zones and Divisions| website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>

Western Railway General Manager's official bungalow 'Bombarci' (abbreviation of '''Bom'''bay, '''Bar'''oda and '''C'''entral '''I'''ndia) is located on Altamont road in Cumbala hill, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/Build_Stn_220916.pdf| title=HERITAGE INVENTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS:BUILDINGS AND STATIONS| website=Indian Railways}}</ref>

==History==
The Western Railway was created on 5 November 1951 by merging several state-owned railways, including the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] (BB&CI), and the [[Saurashtra Railway]], [[Rajputana–Malwa Railway|Rajputana Railway]] and [[Jaipur State Railway]]. The [[narrow-gauge]] lines of [[Cutch State Railway]] was also merged into it in 1951.

The BB&CI Railway was itself inaugurated in 1855, starting with the construction of a 29-mile (47-km) [[broad-gauge]] track from [[Ankleshwar]] to [[Utran]] in [[Gujarat]] state on the west coast. In 1864, the railway was extended to [[Mumbai]] and the first train was flagged off from Grant Road Station in Mumbai to Ahmedabad on 28 November 1864.
Subsequently, the project was further extended beyond [[Vadodara]] in a north easterly direction towards Godhra, [[Ratlam]], [[Nagda]] and thereafter northwards towards [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] and [[Mathura]], to eventually link with the [[Great Indian Peninsular Railway]], now the [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]], which had already started operating in Mumbai in 1853. In 1860 Surat railway station was built. In 1883, a [[metre-gauge railway]] system, initially linking Delhi with [[Agra]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Ajmer]], was established.

The first suburban service in [[Mumbai]] with steam traction was introduced in April 1867. It was extended to [[Churchgate]] in 1870. By 1900 45 trains in each direction were carrying over one million passengers annually.

The railways of several [[princely state]]s were also integrated into the Western Railway. The [[Gaekwar]]s of [[Baroda State|Baroda]] built the [[Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway]] (GBSR), which was merged into the BB&CI in 1949. Several railways of western Gujarat, including the [[Bhavnagar]], [[Kathiawar]], [[Jamnagar]] & [[Dwarka]], [[Gondal, India|Gondal]], and [[Morvi]] railways were merged into the [[Saurashtra Railway]] in 1948. The [[Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway]] was taken over by [[Rajasthan]] state in 1949, after the western portion was ceded to the government of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/| title=History of Western Railway| website=Western Railway}}</ref>

In 2002, the Jaipur and Ajmer divisions of the Western Railway became part of the newly created [[North Western Railway]], and in April 2003 the [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] division of the Western Railway became part of the newly created [[West Central Railway]].

==Present==
[[File:New Andheri East Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Newly built [[Andheri]] Station East Side]]
Western Railway headquarters is in [[Mumbai]]'s [[Churchgate railway station|Churchgate station]] and serves the entire state of [[Gujarat]], some portions of Western [[Madhya Pradesh]], and coastal [[Maharashtra]] and some parts of [[Rajasthan]]. The Western coast of India served by Western Railway has a number of ports, most important among them being [[Kandla]], [[Hazira|Hajira, Surat]], [[Port of Dahej|Dahej]], [[Mundra Port|Mundra]], [[Okha, India|Okha]], [[Veraval]], [[Porbandar]], [[Bhavnagar]] in Gujarat state and [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra.

[[Navapur railway station]] is unique as it falls in both the states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] because both were part of [[Bombay State]] before 1960 and after [[States Reorganization Act]] the Navapur station was divided equally among Gujarat and Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/GUJ-SUR-OMC-navapur-railway-station-divides-in-two-states-5754928-PHO.html| title=इस रेलवे स्टेशन पर टिकट कटता है महाराष्ट्र में तो ट्रेन रुकती है गुजरात में| website=Bhaskar}}</ref> The [[Surat]] railway station is also unique. It was the first rail station in Asia with an above ground floor platform.

The Western Railway operates [[electric multiple unit]]s (EMUs) on the [[Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Western line]] of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]], which forms part of the [[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line]]. The EMUs ply between [[Churchgate railway station|Churchgate]] and [[Virar railway station|Virar]] (60 km) and was extended until [[Dahanu Road railway station|Dahanu Road]] and Services actually started on 16 April 2013. EMUs are of 12-car or 15-car rakes and are differentiated as slow and fast locals. Slow trains halt at all stations, while fast ones halt at important stations only and are preferable over longer distances. The first electric train on this section was introduced in 1928 between Churchgate and [[Andheri]]. AC EMUs were introduced on Mumbai Suburban section of Western Railway on 25 December 2017.

Today, Western Railway runs 1394 suburban services including 96 AC services. the AC services are getting more and more popular. The suburban services are the lifeline of the city with working class commuting daily to work covering more than 60 km distance every day. For making commuting more comfortable, Western Railway is upgrading its suburban system.

==Western Railway's Mumbai Suburban Section==
Western Railway's Mumbai Suburban section extends from Churchgate to [[Dahanu Road railway station|Dahanu Road]] (123 km). Western Railway operates 1394 EMU services on this section with 96 being AC services. The suburban section is the lifeline of city, with commuters travelling more than 60 km distances to reach their workplace. To make commuting more comfortable, Western Railway has done several upgradations in recent past. Many Foot Over Bridges have been constructed, Esclators and Lifts have been installed, elevated decks have been made at Andheri, Borivali and Goregaon stations and work is in progress at Khar Road, Mira Road and other stations.

==Developments on Western Railway==

Many developments have taken place on Western railway in recent past. The unstaffed level crossings have been eliminated. The staffed level crossings are also being closed by constructing Road Over Bridges and Road Under Bridges. Electrification is being carried out in mission mode to convert whole of Western Railway to electric traction.

Gauge Conversion, Doubling and New Line work in recent years:

* Ahmedabad-Himatnagar-Udaipur Gauge Conversion
* Ahmedabad-Botad GC
* Dhasa-Jetalsar GC
* Dabhoi-Samlaya GC
* Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Patalpani section GC
* Junagadh-Visavdar GC
* Samni-Jambusa GC
* Ratlam-Fatehabad Chandravatiganj-Indore GC
* Rajkot-Surendranagar doubling
* Udhana-Jalgaon doubling
* Viramgam - Surendranagar doubling
* Viramgam - Samakhiali doubling
* Palanpur - Samakhiali doubling
* Patan - Bhildi New Line
* Chandod-Ektanagar New Line
* Bhimnath-Dholera New Line

==Vande Bharat trains==
The new upgraded Vande Bharat version 2.0 was first introduced on 30/09/2022 between Gandhinagar and Mumbai Central. The train set boasts of several passenger friendly features. Today, Western Railway runs four Vande Bharat trains viz:

# [[Mumbai Central–Gandhinagar Capital Vande Bharat Express]]
# [[Indore–Nagpur Vande Bharat Express]]
# [[Ahmedabad–Okha Vande Bharat Express]]
# [[Jodhpur–Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) Vande Bharat Express]]
# [[Ahmedabad–Mumbai Central Vande Bharat Express]]
# [[Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) – Veraval Vande Bharat Express]]

==Vande Metro trains==

# Ahmedabad - Bhuj

==Western Railway Connects Statue of Unity==
On 17 January 2021, the Statue of Unity came on the railways map. Western Railway connected the Statue of Unity with the Broad Gauge electrified line with Mumbai-Delhi main line at Vadodara. The project included gauge conversion of Dabhoi-Chandod section, new line from Chandod to Kevadiya (Statue of Unity) and electrification of Pratapnagar (Vadodara) to Kevadiya. The project was completed in a record time in close coordination with state government by Western Railway. It was inaugurated by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister through video conferencing from New Delhi. 8 inaugural trains were flagged off from various parts of the country on same day. Vistadome coach has been introduced in Ahmedabad-Kevadiya Janshatabdi express.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
Kevadiya1.jpg|Kevadiya Station Building, Rail Connectivity to Statue of Unity
Vistadome.jpg|Vistadome Coach of Kevadiya-Ahmedabad Janshatabdi Express
</gallery>

==125 years of Western Railway Headquarters Building==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}

Western Railway Headquarters Building constructed in the year 1899 will be completing 125 years in January 2024. The Headquarters building was designed by renowned architect, Frederick William Stevens. Stevens successfully blended the Venetian Gothic and Indian Sarcenic styles, creating in the process a style excellently adapted to the climate and environment of Bombay and the superb vantage site on which the building was constructed. Initially, Rs 4,75,000 were sanctioned for the building plus Rs 50,000 for the architect's design fees. The final estimate including a supplementary estimate of Rs 83,426 sanctioned was Rs 7,52,556. F W Stevens appointed Raosaheb Sitaram Khanderao Vaidya as the resident engineer. He had worked with Stevens in same capacity on Municipal Building and other projects. He also appointed Ranganath Krishna Deshmukh as assistant to Resident Engineer Khanderao. F W Stevens was also assisted by his son, Charles Fedrick Stevens, who worked as Chief Assistant with him. Charles Fedrick Stevens is known for Art Deco style designs for buildings in Bombay including the famous Regal Cinema building.

The completed building with a 276 foot we276-footstern façade supporting a central tower of 160 feet was an imposing sight facing the sea situated at the intersection of Churchgate Street (Veer Nariman Road) and Queen's road (Maharashi Karve road). As detailed by Stevens, the outline and massing were the most prominent and defining character of the building which was otherwise plain because it lacked ornament. The unique central tower was square from the base up to 100 feet, then became an octagon diminishing into a smaller octagon culminating in a circular dome. This dome was noticeable from all parts of Esplanade and formed a new landmark for ships entering Bombay. Two porches on the western and southern façades provided additional character to the building. A sculpture of ‘Engineering’ made in Bath stone was placed atop the central gable. The sculpture consisted of a lady accompanied by two children on either side, with her holding a locomotive in her right hand while supporting herself on a wheel to her left. Seven other carved figures in Porebunder stone of griffins holding BB&CI monogrammed shield were placed on smaller gables. Statues of Colonel French and Colonel Kennedy were placed between the arches of carriage porch on west. The flawless Porebunder stone was brought from a four mile long quarry in the Kathiawar region in today's Gujarat. The bases of columns and piers were of finely dressed Coorla(Kurla) stone and Kalyan brock and lime masonry for jams, piers and coigns. Chamfered and moulded arches were made of finely dressed Porebunder and Dhrangdhara red stone. Blue basalt stone was used for long steps of overhanging staircase provided with ornamental railing of wrought iron topped with French polished teak handrail. The domes, mouldings, capitals, columns, cornices and carved enrichments in Porebunder stone, white Coorla (Kurla) and Dhrangdhara red stone were in synergy with neighboring buildings.

Western Railway has planned a series of activities to mark completion of 125 years which include the restoration of this heritage building, Exhibitions, conduction heritage tours etc.

==Heritage Gallery, Mumbai==

Conserving heritage, Western Railway has opened Heritage Gallery at its headquarters building at Churchgate, Mumbai. The Gallery has recently been renovated. It is a collection of various models of BB&CI era, the precursor of Western Railway. Many notes of agents of BB&CI dating back to 1860s have also been displayed. Suburban timetable of 1948, steam engine model, signalling equipment, Model of 1928 EMUs, working model of Auxiliary Warning System, etc. have been beautifully displayed. 
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
Heritage Gallery 01.jpg|A view of Heritage Gallery, at Western Railway Headquarters, Churchgate, Mumbai
Heritage Gallery 02.jpg|Heritage Gallery of Western Railway at Churchgate, Mumbai
Heritage Gallery 03.jpg|Artifacts displayed in the gallery
Heritage Gallery 04.jpg|Model of steam engine on display
</gallery>
The gallery gives an insight about the development of lines on Western Region of India. The BB&CI map dating back to 1930s shows us that the Western line started from Mumbai via Vadodara, Ratlam connected GIP Railway at Mathura to reach Delhi and further Peshawar. The ''Frontier Mail'' (''Golden Temple Mail'') used to run up to Peshawar. The Gallery is open for public free of cost during working hours and on special occasions.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.museumsofindia.org/museum/279/churchgate-heritage-gallery| title=Churchgate Heritage Gallery| website=Museums of India}}</ref>

==Divisions==
* [[Mumbai WR railway division]]
* [[Ahmedabad railway division]]
* [[Vadodara railway division]]
* [[Ratlam railway division]]
* [[Rajkot railway division]]
* [[Bhavnagar railway division]]

==Trains==
Some of the major trains operated by Western Railway zone are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Train Name !! Starting Station !! Terminating Station
!AC available
|-
|12951/12952||[[Mumbai Rajdhani Express]]||Mumbai Central||New Delhi
|Yes
|-
|12953/12954||[[August Kranti Rajdhani Express]]||Mumbai Central||Hazrat Nizamuddin
|Yes
|-
|12907/12908||[[Maharashtra Sampark Kranti Express]]||Bandra Terminus||Hazrat Nizamuddin
|Yes
|-
|12925/12926||[[Paschim Express]]||Mumbai Central||Amritsar Jn.
|Yes
|-
|12909/12910||[[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Garib Rath Express]]||Bandra Terminus||Hazrat Nizamuddin
|Yes
|-
|12247/12248||[[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express]]||Bandra Terminus||Hazrat Nizamuddin
|Yes
|-
|12901/12902||[[Gujarat Mail]]||Dadar Western||Ahmedabad Jn.
|Yes
|-
|22209/22210||[[Mumbai Central–New Delhi Duronto Express]]||Mumbai Central||New Delhi
|Yes
|-
|12903/12904||[[Golden Temple Mail]]||Mumbai Central||Amritsar Jn.
|Yes
|-
|12267/12268||[[Mumbai Central–Hapa Duronto Express]]||Mumbai Central||Hapa
|Yes
|-
|12239/12240||[[Mumbai Central–Hisar Duronto Express]]||Mumbai Central||Hisar
|Yes
|-
|12961/12962||[[Avantika Express]]||Mumbai Central||Indore Jn.
|Yes
|-
|12921/12922||[[Flying Ranee]]||Mumbai Central||Surat
|No
|-
|12933/12934||[[Karnavati Express]]||Mumbai Central||Ahmedabad Jn.
|Yes
|-
|12009/12010||[[Mumbai Central–Ahmedabad Shatabdi Express]]||Mumbai Central||Ahmedabad Jn.
|Yes
|-
|20901/20902||[[Mumbai Central - Gandhinagar Capital Vande Bharat Express]]||Mumbai Central||Gandhinagar Capital
|Yes
|}

==Major routes==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]]
*[[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line]]
*[[Ahmedabad]]–[[Delhi]] main line
*[[Jaipur–Ahmedabad line]]
*[[Udhna–Jalgaon line]]
*[[Gandhidham–Ahmedabad main line]]
*[[Viramgam–Okha line]]
*[[Surendranagar–Bhavnagar line]]
*[[Jamnagar–Porbandar line]]
*[[Rajkot–Somnath line]]
*[[Gandhidham–Palanpur section]]
*[[Gandhidham–Bhuj section]]
*[[Gandhidham–Kandla Port section]]
*[[Gandhidham–Samakhiali section]]
*[[Porbandar–Jetalsar section]]
*[[Maliya Miyana–Wankaner section]]
*[[Rajkot–Wankaner section]]
*[[Viramgam–Mahesana section]]
*[[Viramgam–Maliya Miyana section]]
*[[Viramgam–Surendra Nagar section]]
*[[Wankaner–Surendra Nagar section]]
*[[Dharangadhra–Surendra Nagar section]]
*[[Samakhiali–Maliya Miyana section]]
* [[Ujjain–Bhopal section]]
}}

==Major stations==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
*{{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Amalner}}
*{{stnlnk|Anand Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Andheri}}
*{{stnlnk|Ankleshwar Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Badnagar}}
*{{stnlnk|Bandra Terminus}}
*{{stnlnk|Bharuch Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Bhavnagar Terminus}}
*{{stnlnk|Bhildi Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Bhuj}}
*{{stnlnk|Bilimora Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Boisar}}
*{{stnlnk|Borivali}}
*{{stnlnk|Botad Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Chhayapuri}}
*{{stnlnk|Chittaurgarh Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Churchgate}}
*{{stnlnk|Dabhoi Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Dadar}}
*{{stnlnk|Dahanu Road}}
*{{stnlnk|Dahod}}
*{{stnlnk|Dewas Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Dhola Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Dhrangadhra Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Dondaicha}}
*{{stnlnk|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar||Dr. Ambedkar Nagar (Mhow)}}
*{{stnlnk|Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Gandhidham Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Gandhinagar Capital}}
*{{stnlnk|Godhra Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Goregaon}}
*{{stnlnk|Hapa}}
*{{stnlnk|Indore Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Jamnagar}}
*{{stnlnk|Jaora}}
*{{stnlnk|Jetalsar Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Junagadh Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Kalol Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Mahesana Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Mahuva Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Maliya Miyana Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Mandsaur}}
*{{stnlnk|Maninagar}}
*{{stnlnk|Meghnagar}}
*{{stnlnk|Morbi}}
*{{stnlnk|Mumbai Central}}
*{{stnlnk|Nadiad Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Nagda Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Nandurbar}}
*{{stnlnk|Navapur}}
*{{stnlnk|Navsari}}
*{{stnlnk|Neemuch}}
*{{stnlnk|Okha}}
*{{stnlnk|Palanpur Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Palghar}}
*{{stnlnk|Palitana}}
*{{stnlnk|Pardi}}
*{{stnlnk|Patan Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Porbandar}}
*{{stnlnk|Rajkot Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Sabarmati Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Saphale}}
*{{stnlnk|Siddhpur}}
*{{stnlnk|Sihor Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Somnath}}
*{{stnlnk|Surat}}
*{{stnlnk|Surendranagar Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Udhna Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Ujjain Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Unjha}}
*{{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Valsad}}
*{{stnlnk|Vapi}}
*{{stnlnk|Vasai Road}}
*{{stnlnk|Veraval Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Viramgam Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Virar}}
*{{stnlnk|Vyara}}
*{{stnlnk|Wankaner Junction}}
}}

==Loco sheds==
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara]]
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Sabarmati]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Ratlam]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Gandhidham]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Mhow]] (MG loco shed)
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Pratapnagar]] (NG loco shed)

==See also==

* [[Zones and divisions of Indian Railways]]
* [[All India Station Masters' Association (AISMA)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=A. K. |last2=Bhaskar |first2=Ravinder |title=Steam Heritage of Western Railway |date=2018 |publisher=Western Railway |location=Mumbai |url=https://www.railenthusiastindia.org.in/portal/steam-heritage-western-railway |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514122515/https://www.railenthusiastindia.org.in/portal/steam-heritage-western-railway |url-status=dead }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Official site]
* [https://mumbailifeline.com/index.php?sel_route=western Western railway Suburban Timetable (Mumbai Zone) 2017 Edition]
* [http://www.irinfo.in Detailed Mumbai Local Train Time Table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119150510/http://m.irinfo.in/ |date=19 January 2010 }}
* [http://m.irinfo.in Detailed Mumbai Local Train Time Table (Mobile)]
* [https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,458 Official Western Railway Mumbai Suburban Timetables]

{{Indian Railways}}
{{Western Railway}}
{{Railways in Central India}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Western Railway zone| ]]
[[Category:Zones of Indian Railways]]

Narinder Kumar Mehra

2026-02-08T18:03:57Z

Gyani24: adding initial biography w/ refs

{{short description|Indian immunologist (born 1949)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Narinder Kumar Mehra
| image = NKM2023.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Narinder Mehra at INSA, 2022.
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|11|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[East Punjab]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Immunogenetics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[SRL ltd, Gurgaon]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Government Medical College, Amritsar]] | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi|AIIMS, Delhi]] | [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | [[Jon van Rood]] | John A. Hansen }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Histocompatibility]] and Immunogenetics
| awards = {{ublist| 1977 H. J. Mehta Gold Medal | 1983 [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize | 1992 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1995 Sher-I-Kashmir Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah Award | 1996 Ranbaxy Science Foundation Award | 1999 [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] JALMA Trust Foundation Award | 2000 [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] | 2003 [[National Order of Merit (France)|Chevalier of the National Order of Merit]] | 2003 [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] Award | 2004 [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize | 2004 Khwarizmi International Award | 2011 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centenary Award }}
}}
'''Narinder Kumar Mehra''' (born 4 November 1949) is an Indian [[immunologist]], head of the department of transplant immunology and immunogenetics of the [[SRL Limited]], [[Gurgaon]]. He is a former dean of research and holds the [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Dr. C.G. Pandit National Chair at AIIMS. An elected fellow of the International Medical Sciences Academy, [[The World Academy of Sciences]], [[Indian National Science Academy]] and [[National Academy of Sciences, India]], Mehra is known for his research on [[histocompatibility]] and [[immunogenetics]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1992. He received the [[National Order of Merit (France)|Chevalier of the National Order of Merit]] from [[François Mitterrand]] in 2003.

== Biography ==
[[File:AIIMS central lawn.jpg|thumb|235px|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]]
Born on 4 November 1949 in [[Amritsar]], in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Mehra did his schooling at [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School, Simla]]<ref name="Photos from Saturday March 19th 2016 / Bittu Sahgal and OCs">{{Cite web |url=http://oldcottonians.org/tag/nk-mehra/ |title=Photos from Saturday March 19th 2016 / Bittu Sahgal and OCs |date=2017 |publisher=Old Cottonians Association}}</ref> and earned his graduate degree (BSc) with human anatomy, physiology and biochemistry as optional subjects from [[Government Medical College, Amritsar]] in 1969 before moving to Delhi to complete his master's degree (MSc) in human anatomy at the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]] (AIIMS).<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P08-1462 |title=Indian fellow – N. K. Mehra |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806074512/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P08-1462 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He continued at AIIMS for his doctoral studies and after securing a PhD in 1975<ref name="AIIMS Alumni PhD 1975">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aiims.edu/en/alumni.html |title=AIIMS Alumni PhD 1975 |date=2017 |publisher=AIIMS. Delhi |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514131957/https://www.aiims.edu/en/alumni.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> on the immunology of leprosy, did post-doctoral work on [[histocompatibility]] and [[immunogenetics]] at the laboratory of [[Jon van Rood]] in the Netherlands and later with John A. Hansen at [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]], Seattle. On his return to India, he joined his alma mater, AIIMS, as a pool officer in 1977.<ref name="Brief Bio">{{Cite web |url=http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/109668/bio |title=Brief Bio |date=2017 |publisher=Frontiers}}</ref> In 1979, he was elevated to lecturer with the additional responsibility of the clinical and research activities of the Histocompatibility Laboratory established under the Department of Anatomy in 1977, the year he joined AIIMS.<ref name="Dr. Narinder Mehra on MHC">{{Cite web |url=http://jshi.sakura.ne.jp/pdf/MHC08-1_kaigailabo.pdf |title=Dr. Narinder Mehra on MHC |date=2017 |publisher=MHC}}</ref> In 1993, the laboratory, which served as the ''core laboratory'' in India for workshops on histocompatibility as well as a base for researches on [[human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA), was upgraded to a full-fledged department under the name "Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics", which he headed as its founding chair, in the capacity of a professor and served out his career at AIIMS in that position. He also served as the member secretary of the Research Advisory Council<ref name="Member Secretary">{{Cite web |url=http://14.139.245.51/rsection/rac.htm |title=Member Secretary |date=2017 |publisher=Research Advisory Council, AIIMS |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309065518/http://14.139.245.51/rsection/rac.htm |archive-date=9 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and chaired the Dean's Research Committee (DRC) at AIIMS.<ref name="Dean’s Research Committee (DRC)">{{Cite web |url=http://14.139.245.51/rsection/drc.htm |title=Dean's Research Committee (DRC) |date=2017 |publisher=AIIMS Delhi |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309070114/http://14.139.245.51/rsection/drc.htm |archive-date=9 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time of his official retirement from service in 2004, he was serving as the Dean of Research and post-retirement, he holds the Dr. C. G. Pandit National Chair of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR) at AIIMS,<ref name="National chair and Former Dean (Research), AIIMS">{{Cite web |url=http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/109668/overview |title=National chair and Former Dean (Research), AIIMS |date=2017 |publisher=Frontiers}}</ref> continuing his research at the institution.<ref name="Genetic analysis of a nomadic tribe springs a surprise">{{Cite web |url=https://indiabioscience.org/news/2015/genetic-analysis-of-a-nomadic-tribe-springs-a-surprise |title=Genetic analysis of a nomadic tribe springs a surprise |date=5 May 2015 |publisher=India Bioscience}}</ref>

Mehra resides in AIIMS Campus, in Ansari Nagar, [[New Delhi]].<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=M |title=NASI fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227133632/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=M |archive-date=27 December 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Rheumatoid Arthritis.JPG|thumb|left|A hand affected by rheumatoid arthritis]]
Mehra, whose research has covered various aspects of histocompatibility and immunogenetics,<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=185 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref> started his work on the subjects during his post-doctoral days in Europe, and at John Hansen's laboratory in Seattle, where he used DNA-based technologies of HLA analysis to study the immunogenetic aspects of [[rheumatoid arthritis]].<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra" /> Later, in India, he studied HLA-linked genes and identified that a subtype of [[HLA-DR2]] carried a unique class II haplotype which made humans susceptible to diseases such as [[leprosy]] and [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | page=71 | date=1999 | access-date=8 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He also differentiated the Indian rheumatoid arthritis and insulin-dependent [[diabetes mellitus]] patients from the Western Caucasian patients by demonstrating that the former showed a pattern of [[HLA-DR]] and [[HLA-DQ]] association and these studies helped in characterizing the Indian population with regard to its genomic diversity.<ref name="Fellowship of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dehdan.org/ejournal/content/ejournal4.html |title=Fellowship of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) |date=2015 |publisher=Dadhichi Deh Dan Samiti}}</ref> His group demonstrated that HLA genes with specific pockets in the peptide binding region controlled the severity of mycobacterial diseases, which was a first-time discovery.<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra" /> Together with Ajay Kumar Baranwal of AIIMS Delhi and Brian D. Tait of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he carried out a research project, ''Antibody Repertoire and graft outcome following solid organ transplantation'',<ref name="Editorial Contributions">{{Cite web |url=http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/109668/editorial |title=Editorial Contributions |date=2017 |publisher=Frontiers}}</ref> which assisted in the prediction of [[graft rejection]] and had significance in [[Organ transplantation|organ]] and [[bone marrow transplantation]].<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra" /> He also guided a team of scientists in a project based on polymorphic immunomodulatory genes for developing molecular medicine to combat infectious, autoimmune and rheumatological diseases.<ref name="Bio-sketch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/hp/fileadmin/ceppi/ipa/pdf/Biosketch_Mehra-1.pdf |title=Bio-sketch |date=2017 |publisher=Medical University of Vienna}}</ref> His research has been published by way of over 450 articles;<ref name="Articles on AIIMS Repository">{{Cite web |url=https://aiims.academia.edu/NarinderMehra |title=Articles on AIIMS Repository |date=2017 |publisher=All India Institute of Medical Sciences}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} of which 287 are listed by [[ResearchGate]].<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Narinder_Mehra |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017 }}</ref> Besides, he has published a book, ''The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book'',<ref name="Mehra2010">{{cite book|author=Narinder K Mehra|title=The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57YcvuEheakC|date=26 November 2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-81-8448-870-8}}</ref> and has contributed chapters to books published by other researchers,<ref name="Verma1986">{{cite book|author=Ishwar C. Verma|title=Genetic Research in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNS2AAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Sagar Printers & Publishers}}</ref><ref name="TouraineGale2012">{{cite book|author1=J.-L. Touraine|author2=R.P. Gale|author3=V. Kochupillai|title=Fetal liver transplantation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3wJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PP6|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-009-3365-1|pages=6–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=N. K. Mehra (chapter)|title=Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnVQAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|chapter=Basic methods in HLA-DNA technology}}</ref> including ''Textbook of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Allied and Molecular Medicine''.<ref name="G.P.">{{cite book|author=Talwar, G.P.|title=Textbook of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Allied and Molecular Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVuNCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-5125-7|pages=9–|year=2015}}</ref> His researches have been cited by many authors, too.<ref name="On ResearchGate" /><ref name="Dorman1994">{{cite book|author=Janice S. Dorman|title=Standardization of Epidemiological Studies of Host Susceptibility|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_zbGz4Sha8C&pg=PA228|year=1994|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-306-44892-8|pages=228–}}</ref><ref name="KalabaSpingarn2012">{{cite book|author1=Robert Kalaba|author2=Karl Spingarn|title=Control, Identification, and Input Optimization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnzdBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-7662-0|pages=419–}}</ref><ref name="PettyLaxer2015">{{cite book|author1=Ross E Petty|author2=Ronald M. Laxer|author3=Carol B Lindsley, Lucy Wedderburn|title=Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtpiCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA585-IA2|date=14 April 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-35613-8|pages=585–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Journal of Medical Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWpQAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research.}}</ref>

The All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi established a Histocompatibility Laboratory under its Department of Anatomy in 1977, the year Mehra joined as a pool officer at the institution.<ref name="Dr. Narinder Mehra on MHC" /> Subsequently, he took over the activities of the laboratory and by the time he was promoted to professor in 1993, the laboratory had developed into a referral centre as well as a core laboratory for histocompatibility workshops and AIIMS elevated its status to an independent department, the Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, with Mehra as its founding chair.<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra" /><ref name="Dr. Narinder Mehra on MHC" /> Under the aegis of the new department and in association with Dadhichi Deh Dan Samiti,<ref name="Vardhan is first to give marrow registry blood">{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Vardhan-is-first-to-give-marrow-registry-blood/articleshow/39771942.cms |title=Vardhan is first to give marrow registry blood |date=7 August 2014 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref> he established the first ''Asian Indian Donor Marrow Registry'' (AIDMR), a database of the donors of bone marrow in India in 1994.<ref name="NK Mehra on BioAsia">{{Cite web |url=http://bioasia.in/speaker-profile/pdf/2010/n-k-mehra.pdf |title=NK Mehra on BioAsia |date=2017 |publisher=BioAsia}}</ref><ref name=" Dr B.R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for excellence in biomedical research">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/ICMR%20Awards%20citations%2020011-12.pdf |title=Dr B.R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for excellence in biomedical research |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112230725/http://icmr.nic.in/award/ICMR%20Awards%20citations%2020011-12.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Vardhan relaunches Asian Indian Donor Marrow Registry at AIIMS">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vardhan-relaunches-asian-indian-donor-marrow-registry-at-aiims-114080601272_1.html |title=Vardhan relaunches Asian Indian Donor Marrow Registry at AIIMS |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2014-08-06 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> He would later explain the details of the registry through an article, ''Asian Indian donor marrow registry: All India Institute of Medical Sciences experience'', published in [[Transplantation Proceedings]] in 2007.<ref name="Asian Indian donor marrow registry: All India Institute of Medical Sciences experience">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kanga U, Panigrahi A, Kumar S, Mehra NK |title=Asian Indian donor marrow registry: All India Institute of Medical Sciences experience |journal=Transplantation Proceedings |date=April 2007 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=719–20 |doi=10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.01.057 |pmid=17445580}}</ref> He has delivered a number of keynote addresses or invited lectures including ''MedIndia 2003''<ref name="MedIndia 2003">{{Cite web |url=http://medind.nic.in/ias/t03/i3/iast03i3p20g.pdf |title=MedIndia 2003 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Journal of Medical and Pediatric Oncology |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=17 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417014122/http://medind.nic.in/ias/t03/i3/iast03i3p20g.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2013 seminar of human genomics at the [[Guru Nanak Dev University]],<ref name="Experts dwell on human genomics at GNDU seminar">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130326/asrtrib.htm#9 |title=Experts dwell on human genomics at GNDU seminar |date=26 March 2013 |publisher=Amritsar Tribune}}</ref> 2016 India-Japan Regulatory Symposium,<ref name="Regulation on Regenerative Medicine products in India">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-11123000-Iyakushokuhinkyoku-Shinsakanrika/keynote_pharmaceuticals_2.pdf |title=Regulation on Regenerative Medicine products in India |date=2016 |publisher=India-Japan regulatory symposium}}</ref> and a Guest lecture series organized by [[Manipur University]] in 2016.<ref name="Guest lecture series by Dr. N K Mehra">{{Cite web |url=https://manipalalumni.manipal.edu/updates/10049/10014/7001588?info/copyright.html |title=Guest lecture series by Dr. N K Mehra |date=2017 |publisher=Manipur University |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201300/https://manipalalumni.manipal.edu/updates/10049/10014/7001588?info%2Fcopyright.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also mentored around 60 masters and doctoral research scholars in their studies.<ref name="NK Mehra on BioAsia" />

== Professional associations ==
Mehra is the founding president of the Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia Oceania (FIMSA) and has served as its vice president thereafter.<ref name="BurmaChakravorty2011">{{cite book|author1=D. P. Burma|author2=Maharani Chakravorty|title=From Physiology and Chemistry to Biochemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CaQ3-x3LXMC&pg=PA473|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-3220-5|pages=473–}}</ref> He was also the organizer of the Advanced Course on Basic and Translational Immunology, conducted by FIMSA in collaboration with the [[International Union of Immunological Societies]] (IUIS) and Indian Immunology Society (IIS) in March 2012;<ref name="FIMSA/IUIS/IIS Advanced Course on Basic and Translational Immunology">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iuisonline.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198:fimsaiuisiis-advanced-course-on-basic-and-translational-immunology-march-18-20-2012&catid=39:education-activities&Itemid=81 |title=FIMSA/IUIS/IIS Advanced Course on Basic and Translational Immunology |date=2017 |publisher=International Union of Immunological Societies}}</ref> he has also served as a member of the council of IUIS.<ref name="BurmaChakravorty2011" /> He presides over the Indian Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics and was a member of the faculty of the 2016 edition of ISHICON held in December 2016 at [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]], [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="President, Indian Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics">{{Cite web |url=http://ishi2016chandigarh.com/ |title=President, Indian Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics |date=2017 |publisher=ISHICON 2016 |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512165731/http://ishi2016chandigarh.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He sits on the National Board of Advisors of the ''Center for Stem Cell Science'',<ref name="National Board of Advisors">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clrdols.com/advisors.html |title=National Board of Advisors |date=2017 |publisher=Center for Stem Cell Science |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121194943/http://www.clrdols.com/advisors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Advisory Board of ''Indus Foundation''<ref name="Advisory Board">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indus.org/healthcare/index_new.html?pages/whoiswho |title=Advisory Board |date=2017 |publisher=Indus Foundation |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512121451/http://www.indus.org/healthcare/index_new.html?pages%2Fwhoiswho |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is a trustee of the Board of ''Immunology Foundation''<ref name="Board of Immunology Foundation">{{Cite web |url=http://www.immunologyfoundation.com/boardmembers.php |title=Board of Immunology Foundation |date=2017 |publisher=Immunology Foundation}}</ref> as well as a member of the Publication Advisory Board of the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Publication Advisory Board">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/standing.php |title=Publication Advisory Board |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref>

Mehra sits on the editorial board of ''[[HLA (journal)]]'' (formerly known as ''Tissue Antigens'')<ref name="Editorial Board - HLA Journal">{{Cite web |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2059-2310/homepage/EditorialBoard.html |title=Editorial Board – HLA Journal |date=2017 |publisher=Wiley|doi=10.1111/(ISSN)2059-2310 }}</ref> and is a member of the International Advisory Board of [[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]]'s journal ''[[Modern Rheumatology]]''.<ref name="International Advisory Board-Modern Rheumatology">{{Cite web |url=https://www.springer.com/medicine/rheumatology/journal/10165?detailsPage=editorialBoard |title=International Advisory Board-Modern Rheumatology |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617035919/http://www.springer.com/medicine/rheumatology/journal/10165?detailsPage=editorialBoard |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has been associated with journals such as ''Microbes and Infection'' of [[Pasteur Institute|Pasteur Institute, Paris]], ''International journal of Human Genetics'' and ''[[Journal of Clinical Immunology]]'' of [[Springer Publishing|Springer]], as a member of their editorial boards.<ref name="Chief of the Army Staff Award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aiims.edu/en/about-us/123-transplant-immunology-immunogenetics |title=Chief of the Army Staff Award |date=2017 |publisher=AIIMS Delhi}}</ref> He is a former member of the [[Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects research|ELSI]] Committee of the ''Type 1 Diabetes Genetics consortium'' (T1DGC) of the [[National Institutes of Health]] and a former vice president of the Indian Society of Organ Transplantation (ISOT). The invited speeches delivered by him include the first scientific meeting of Allergy and Immunology Society of Sri Lanka (ALSSL) and the Braunschweig Streptococcal colloquium.<ref name="Chief of the Army Staff Award" /> He has also been a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of Jalma Institute of Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Task Force on Human Genetics and Human Genome Analysis of [[Department of Biotechnology]] and the Task Force on Human Genetics of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]].<ref name="AIIMS News">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiims.edu/en/news/123-transplant-immunology-immunogenetics.html |title=AIIMS News |date=2018-01-26 |website=www.aiims.edu |language=en-gb |access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Mehra received the H. J. Mehta Gold Medal in 1977 and the Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize of the Indian Council of Medical Research in 1983.<ref name="Darpan2007">{{cite book|author=Pratiyogita Darpan|title=Pratiyogita Darpan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ugDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT24|date=September 2007|publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|pages=24–}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1992.<ref name="Medical Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |title=Medical Sciences |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224074105/http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=24 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1995, he received the ''Sher-I-Kashmir Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah Award'' and Ranbaxy Science Foundation Award the next year.<ref name="NK Mehra on BioAsia" /> Om Prash Bhasin Foundation awarded him the annual [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] in 2000<ref name="OPB Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.opbfawards.com/health.html | title=OPB Award | publisher=Om Prakash Bhasin Foundation | date=2014}}</ref> and he received the [[National Order of Merit (France)|Chevalier of the National Order of Merit]] of the Government of France from François Mitterrand in 2003;<ref name="About the author">{{cite book|author=Narinder K Mehra|title=The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57YcvuEheakC&pg=PA590|date=26 November 2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-81-8448-870-8|pages=590–}}</ref> the same year as he received the Chief of the Army Staff Award.<ref name="Chief of the Army Staff Award" /> A year later, the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) of the Government of Iran awarded him the 2004 [[Khwarizmi International Award]].<ref name="Khwarizmi International Award">{{Cite web |url=http://62.60.140.118/kia/content/khwarizmi-international-award-17th-session-2004 |title=Khwarizmi International Award |date=2017 |publisher=Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901215809/http://62.60.140.118/kia/content/khwarizmi-international-award-17th-session-2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and he received the Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize of the Indian Council of Medical Research in 2004.<ref name="Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/awards04.htm |title=Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research |access-date=10 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623071323/http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/awards04.htm |archive-date=23 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Darpan2007"/> The Indian Council of Medical Research honored him again with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for excellence in biomedical research in 2011.<ref name=" Dr B.R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for excellence in biomedical research" /><ref name="Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research – 2011">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/Result-ICMR%20Awards-11-12.pdf |title=Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centenary Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research – 2011 |date=2018-01-26 |website=ICMR News |access-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208032201/http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/Result-ICMR%20Awards-11-12.pdf |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] elected Mehra as a fellow in 1998<ref name="NASI Year Book 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI Year Book 2015 |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and he became a fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 2008.<ref name="INSA Year Book 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In between, he received the Tata Innovation Fellowship of the [[Department of Biotechnology]] in 2007.<ref name="Indian fellow - N. K. Mehra" /> The year 2013 brought him the elected fellowship of [[The World Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="TWAS fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://twas.org/member/mehra-narinder-kumar |title=TWAS fellow |date=2017 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences}}</ref> as well as the [[honoris causa]] membership of the [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Minutes of the Executive Committee">{{Cite web |url=http://asiindia.in/web/Portals/0/Files/Meetings/EC_Meeting_2013.pdf |title=Minutes of the Executive Committee |date=2013 |publisher=Anatomical Society of India |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309064304/http://asiindia.in/web/Portals/0/Files/Meetings/EC_Meeting_2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is also a fellow of the International Medical Sciences Academy, Delhi.<ref name="IMSA fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://www.imsaonline.com/imsa_fellows_members_directory_next1.html |title=IMSA fellow |date=2017 |publisher=International Medical Sciences Academy}}</ref> The award orations delivered by him include the IRA-Boots Oration of 1983, [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] Prof G.S. Randhawa Oration of 1996,<ref name="Mehra, Majumder given genetics award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000118/punjab.htm#14 |title=Mehra, Majumder given genetics award |date=17 January 2000 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> and the [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] JALMA Trust Foundation Award Oration of 1999.<ref name="JALMA Trust Foundation Award Oration">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/awards96.htm |title=JALMA Trust Foundation Award Oration |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research |access-date=10 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623070846/http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/awards96.htm |archive-date=23 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{cite book|author=Narinder K Mehra|title=The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book|date=26 November 2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-81-8448-870-8}}

=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|author=Ishwar C. Verma|title=Genetic Research in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNS2AAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Sagar Printers & Publishers}}
* {{cite book|author=N. K. Mehra (chapter)|title=Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnVQAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|chapter=Basic Methods in HLA-DNA technology}}
* {{cite book|author1=J.-L. Touraine|author2=R.P. Gale|author3=V. Kochupillai|title=Fetal liver transplantation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3wJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PP6|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-009-3365-1|page=6}}
* {{cite book|author=Talwar, G.P.|title=Textbook of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Allied and Molecular Medicine|isbn=978-81-203-5125-7|page=9|year=2015|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. }}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last=N. K. Mehra, Gurinder Kaur, Uma Kanga, Nikhil Tandon |title=Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Diseases in Asian Indians |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |date=2002 |volume=958 |issue=1 |pages=333–336 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02999.x|pmid=12021136 |bibcode=2002NYASA.958..333M |s2cid=22972522 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Gurvinder Kaur, Narinder Kumar Mehra |title=MHC-based vaccination approaches: progress and perspectives |journal= Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine|date=2003 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1017/S1462399403005957|pmid=14987410 |s2cid=27017979 }}
* {{Cite journal |vauthors=Kanga U, Panigrahi A, Kumar S, Mehra NK |title=Asian Indian donor marrow registry: All India Institute of Medical Sciences experience |journal=Transplantation Proceedings |date=April 2007 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=719–20 |doi=10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.01.057 |pmid=17445580}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Neeraj Kumar, Gurvinder Kaur, Narinder Mehra |title=Genetic determinants of Type 1 diabetes: immune response genes |journal=[[Biomarkers in Medicine]] |date=2009 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=153–173 |doi=10.2217/bmm.09.7|pmid=20477508 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Amal Chandra Kataki, Malcolm J. Simons, Ashok Kumar Das, Kalpana Sharma, Narinder Kumar Mehra |title=Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Northeastern states of India |journal= Chinese Journal of Cancer|date=2011 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=106–113 |doi=10.5732/cjc.010.10607|pmid=21272442 |pmc=4013339 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Neeraj Kumar, Gurvinder Kaur, Nikhil Tandon, Uma Kanga, Narinder K. Mehra |title=Genomic evaluation of HLA-DR3+ haplotypes associated with type 1 diabetes |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |date=2013 |volume=1283 |issue=1 |pages=91–96 |doi=10.1111/nyas.12019|pmid=23387390 |bibcode=2013NYASA1283...91K |s2cid=22733986 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Bhargavi Ramanujam, Kavish Ihtisham, Gurvinder Kaur, Shivani Srivastava, Narinder Kumar Mehra, Neena Khanna, Mahip Singh, Manjari Tripathi |title=Spectrum of Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Levetiracetam and Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing in North-Indian Patients |journal= Journal of Epilepsy Research|date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=89–94 |doi=10.14581/jer.16016|pmid=28101480 |pmc=5206105 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[List of foreign recipients of the National Order of Merit]]
* [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus type 1]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|author=YP Munjal|title=API Textbook of Medicine (Volume I & II)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z39GCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA272|date=30 August 2015|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=978-93-5152-415-1|pages=272–}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.slideshare.net/fababioasia/hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation-opportunities-and-challenges |title=Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation : Opportunities and challenges |last=N. K. Mehra |date=5 July 2011 |publisher= BioAsia: The Global Bio Business Forum |page=Presentation}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.pubfacts.com/author/Narinder+Kumar+Mehra |title=Publications Authored by Narinder Kumar Mehra |date=2017 |publisher=PubFacts |work=List of articles}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.assim.refer.org/portail/portail/page77/files/page77_blog_entry3-book-flyer.pdf |title=The HLA Complex in Biology & Medicine: A Resource Book |date=2017 |publisher=Association des Collèges des Enseignants d'Immunologie des Universités de Langue Française (ASSIM) |work=Presentation |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062034/http://www.assim.refer.org/portail/portail/page77/files/page77_blog_entry3-book-flyer.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehra, Narinder Kumar}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian immunologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Amritsar]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Hungarian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton School Shimla alumni]]

Basheer Ahmed Sayeed

2026-02-06T05:58:24Z

Gyani24: stub

{{Short description|Indian judge, politician and educationist}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_date = 20 February 1900
| death_date = 7 February 1984
}}

'''Basheer Ahmed Sayeed''' (20 February 1900 – 7 February 1984) was an Indian judge, politician and educationist who served as a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] and served as a founder-member of the South Indian Education Trust (SIET).

== Early life ==
Sayeed was born in [[Mylapore]], [[Madras]] on 20 February 1900 in a wealthy family of [[Nawayath]] lineage. His father was an influential landlord in the [[Madras Presidency]]. Sayeed graduated from the [[Madras Christian College]] and studied law at the [[Madras Law College]], completing his graduation and enrolling as an [[advocate]] in 1925.

== Social and political life ==
Sayeed was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926 as a candidate of the [[All-India Muslim League]] and served till 1936. In the 1937 elections, he was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly as a candidate of the Muslim League. As independence approached, Sayeed left the Muslim League and joined the [[Indian National Congress]].

In July 1949, Sayeed was appointed acting judge of the Madras High Court and as one of the [[puisne judge]]s in January 1950. He served as a judge of the High Court till retirement in 1960.

Sayeed was one of the founder-members of the South Indian Education Trust whose main objective was to promote education and literacy among the Muslims of South India. The trust established the SIET Women's College in 1955. Sayeed was also the Vice President of the Madras Library Association and the [[Madras Music Academy]]. As Vice President of the Music Academy, he was instrumental in obtaining for the academy its own building.

== Death ==
Sayeed died in Madras on 7 February 1984 at the age of 83.

== Legacy ==

An endowment in the name of Sayeed has been supporting the JBAS Centre for Islamic Studies at the University of Madras.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBAS Centre for Islamic Studies |url=https://www.unom.ac.in/index.php?route=department/department/deptpage&deptid=40}}</ref> The SIET Women's College at [[Teynampet]], Madras was renamed [[Justice Basheer Ahmed College for Women]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jbascollege.edu.in/article/about-jbas.html |title=Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women }}</ref> The road where he lived is named Bashyam-Basheer Ahmed Road jointly in honour of Basheer Ahmed Sayeed and fellow advocate and politician K. Bashyam Iyengar.<ref>{{cite web |title=A road straddling two religions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-road-straddling-two-religions/article4262890.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=1 January 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite news|title=A road straddling two religions|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-road-straddling-two-religions/article4262890.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 January 2013|first=V.|last=Sriram|authorlink=V. Sriram}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sayeed, Basheer Ahmed}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Madras Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the Madras High Court]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]

Kartikey Malviya

2026-02-05T04:30:22Z

Gyani24: new a data needs work

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = kartikey Malviya
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_names = Kanha
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Itarsi]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2013-present
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}}
| mother = Neelima Malviya
| father = Mahesh Malviya
| relatives = Nupur Malviya
}}

'''Kartikey Malviya''' is an Indian child actor.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=8493078#|title=Reality check for kids?|website=The Asian Age|date=2017-07-06|accessdate=2017-07-07}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is well known for his role as Young [[Shani]] in the popular mythological soap ''[[Shani (TV series)|Karmaphal Daata Shani]]'' that aired on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Pratyush|last=Patra|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/070717/reality-check-for-kids.html|title=Reality check for kids?|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=2017-07-07 |access-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Malviya was last seen in ''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2018 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.firstpost.com/entertainment/mythological-shows-rule-small-screen-48555.html|publisher=Rajni Ashish|title=विशेष : टीआरपी की रेस ने टीवी की दुनिया में की 'धर्म युग' की वापसी: कर्मफल दाता शनि-कलर्स|date=2017-08-20|accessdate=2018-04-28|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019101828/https://hindi.firstpost.com/entertainment/mythological-shows-rule-small-screen-48555.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He plays the role of [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] (Son of Lord Krishna) in the series ''[[RadhaKrishn]]''.

==Career==

Malviya made his television debut on the show ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]''. He appeared in several episodes and was the season 2 runner-up.<ref>{{cite web|author= TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Who-will-be-crowned-the-biggest-Draamebaaz/articleshow/51254549.cms|title=Who will be crowned the biggest 'Draamebaaz'?|website=The Times of India|date=2016-03-05 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/indias-best-dramebaaz-winner-is-12-year-old-from-bihar-1284604|title=India's Best Dramebaaz Winner is 12-Year-Old From Bihar|website=NDTV Movies|date=2016-03-07 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref> For his performance, Malviya earned the nickname of "Mytho King" from judge [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|author= Manoj Vashisth|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/tv-sajid-khan-used-to-call-kartikeya-malviya-mytho-king-15131376.html|title=Exclusive: साजिद खान ने शनि भगवान को दिया था ये नाम!|website=Jagran|date=2016-12-01 |access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/kartikey-malviya-sajid-khan-used-to-call-me-mytho-king/article_95ec5dac-bb48-11e6-a067-573f26ca65b9.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207155208/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/kartikey-malviya-sajid-khan-used-to-call-me-mytho-king/article_95ec5dac-bb48-11e6-a067-573f26ca65b9.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 December 2016 |title=Kartikey Malviya: Sajid Khan Used to Call Me 'Mytho King' |website=India West |date=2016-12-05 |accessdate=2017-07-07 }}</ref> On the show, Malviya portrayed mythological characters including [[Karna]], [[Jatayu]], and [[Bhagat Singh]]. The performances established Malviya as a well-known actor.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/When-Ravi-Dubey-and-Kartikey-Malviya-met/articleshow/55400722.cms |title=When Ravi Dubey and Kartikey Malviya met! |website=Times of India |date=2016-11-13 |accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref>

In April 2018, Malviya promoted ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]],'' when he encouraged talented children of [[Bhopal]] to audition for the show's third season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2018/4/25/Parents--support-can-turn-child-s-dream-into-reality--actor-Kartikey.aspx |title=Parents' support can turn child's dream into reality: actor Kartikey |website=The Hitavada |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-25 |accessdate=2018-04-26 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135937/http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2018/4/25/Parents--support-can-turn-child-s-dream-into-reality--actor-Kartikey.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-zee-tv-bhopal-1687298 |title=दर्शक के दिलों तक पहुंचा यही मेरे लिए विजय का प्रतीक |website=नवदुनिया |author= Editorial Team|date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/kartikey-urges-bhopal-kids-to-audition-for-indias-best-dramebaaz-season-3.html |title=Kartikey urges Bhopal kids to audition for India's Best Dramebaaz Season 3 |website=Central Chronicle |author=Chronicle Reporter |date=2018-04-25 |accessdate=2018-04-26 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141800/http://www.centralchronicle.com/kartikey-urges-bhopal-kids-to-audition-for-indias-best-dramebaaz-season-3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.patrika.com/m5/1632162/Patrika-Bhopal/25-04-2018#page/15/1|title=माँ ने चार साल तक किया ग्रूम तो बना फर्स्ट रनरअप|website=patrika|author=Patrika Plus|date=2018-04-25|accessdate=2018-04-26|language=Hindi|format=PNG|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142222/http://epaper.patrika.com/m5/1632162/Patrika-Bhopal/25-04-2018#page/15/1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.patrika.com/bhopal-news/india-s-best-dramebaz-fame-kartikeya-malaviya-shares-his-story-2705191/|title=इंडियाज बेस्ट ड्रामेबाज : सीजन-2 के फस्र्ट रनरअप कार्तिकेय मालवीय ने शेयर की अपनी कहानी|website=patrika |author= Deepesh Tiwari|date=2018-04-25 |accessdate=2018-04-28|language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplessamachar.co.in/epaper/epaper1.php?id=14&date=2018-04-25|title=आज जो भी हूं मेरी मां की वजह से हूं|website=Peoples Samachar|author=I am Bhopal young reporter|date=2018-04-25|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=Hindi|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144047/http://www.peoplessamachar.co.in/epaper/epaper1.php?id=14&date=2018-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In April 2016, Malviya began playing young Shani Dev in Indian television show ''[[Shani (TV series)|Karmphaldata Shani]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bhaskar News Network|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-HOSH-MAT-latest-hoshangabad-news-055004-1336191-NOR.html|title=बेस्ट ड्रामेबाज रहे कार्तिकेय बने 'शनि', कल से दिखेंगे कलर्स पर|website=|date=2016-11-08 |accessdate=2017-07-16}}</ref> Initially, Malviya was signed for 20 episodes, but due to the actor's high popularity, Malviya was able to renew his contract in October 2017.<ref>{{cite web|author= BollywoodMDB Team |url=http://www.bollywoodmdb.com/television/kartikey-malviya-to-bid-adieu-to-karamphaldata-shani-on-18th-october|title=Kartikey Malviya to bid adieu to 'Karamphaldata Shani' on 18th October!|website=BollywoodMDB|date=2017-10-17 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref>

Malviya reportedly bonds well with his co-stars including his onscreen mother [[Juhi Parmar]].<ref>{{cite web|author= Amar Ujala |url=http://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/lucknow/actress-juhi-parmar-actor-salil-ankola-and-kartikey-malviya-in-lucknow|title=सीरियल में शनिदेव का रोल कर रहे कार्तिकेय ने बताया, सेट्स के बीच कैसे करते हैं पढ़ाई|website=अमरउजाला|date=2016-12-10 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Neha Maheshwri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TVs-bachha-party-who-inspire-their-co-stars/articleshow/55415464.cms|title=TV's bachha party who inspire their co-stars : Kartikey Malviya is a perfect balance of dedication and fun: Juhi Parmar|website=The Times of India|date=2016-11-14 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kartikey-malviya-is-the-happy-child-on-the-set/articleshow/56700840.cms |title=Kartikey Malviya is the happy child on the set |website=The Times of India |date=2017-01-21 |accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref> Malviya has publicly proclaimed that fellow actor [[Tarun Khanna (TV actor)|Tarun Khanna]], is his 'Dronacharya'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kartikey-malviya-tarun-khanna-is-my-dronacharya/articleshow/56472099.cms|title=Kartikey Malviya: Tarun Khanna is my Dronacharya|author=|date=2017-01-11|website=The Times of India|accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref> Malviya has visited [[Lucknow]], [[Ahmedabad]], and [[Indore]] for the promotion of the show.<ref>{{cite web|author= Mulayam Yadav|url=https://m.navbharattimes.in|title=जूही, कार्तिकेय की वजह से अपना बेस्ट देना पड़ा : सलिल|website=Navbharat Times |date=2016-12-10 |accessdate=2018-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31805&articlexml=We-loved-Ahmedabad-for-its-cleanliness-Juhi-Parmar-30062017109036|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111210553/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31805&articlexml=We-loved-Ahmedabad-for-its-cleanliness-Juhi-Parmar-30062017109036|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2017|title=We loved Ahmedabad for its cleanliness: Juhi Parmar and Kartikey Malviya|website=The Times of India (Ahmedabad) |date=2017-06-30 |accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref> Malviya has also promoted the show by making appearances on television show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]'' in character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/in/kartikey-malviya/profile-50038357.html|title=Kartikey Malviya|author=|date=2017-03-16|website=Colors Official Website|accessdate=2017-07-07|archive-date=28 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628155409/http://www.colorstv.com/in/kartikey-malviya/profile-50038357.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The show has been dubbed in many Indian languages like Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. In Malayalam, it is dubbed in the name of [[Shaneeswaran|''Shaneeshwaran'']] on Surya TV. In <ref>[[Tamil language|Tamil]]date=7 June 2018|work=Thina dhandhi|access-date=}}</ref> in [[Colors Tamil]]. As a result, Malviya's popularity has grown in the whole of [[India]] especially in [[Kerala]], [[Nepal]], [[Myanmar]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Bangladesh]]. Malviya had been called to attend the ''[[Meet and Greet]]'' show in Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|author= Hermina Utami|url=https://media.iyaa.com/post/2018/05/6697/kartikey-malviya-shan |title=Mau ke Indonesia, Kapan?|website=iyaa|date=2018-05-03 |accessdate=2018-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ari Kurniawan|url=https://m.tabloidbintang.com/film-tv-musik/kabar/read/94202/shani-serial-kolosal-india-terbaru-antv-mulai-tayang-hari-ini|title=Shani, Serial Kolosal India Terbaru ANTV Mulai Tayang Hari Ini|website=Tabloid Bintang|date=2018-03-06 |accessdate=2018-04-28}}</ref>

Malviya portrayed the role of young [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in the historical drama series ''Chandragupta Maurya'' on [[Sony TV]]. In 2020, he portrayed the negative role of [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]], son of Lord [[Krishna]] and his wife Queen [[Jambavati]] in [[Star Bharat]]'s popular show [[RadhaKrishn|Radha Krishna]].

== Personal life ==
Malviya was born in [[Itarsi]], India, to father Mahesh Malviya and mother Neelima Malviya. Malviya became the first runner up in India's Best Dramebaaz.<ref>{{cite web|author= वंदना यादव|url=https://m.aajtak.in/karyakrams/saas-bahu-aur-betiya/video/sbb-video-of-programme-aapke-sitare-aapke-sang-meet-actor-kartikey-malviya-14-september-2017-tmov-952444-2017-09-14|title=जब सूर्यपूत्र शनि ने किया डांस|website=Aaj Tak|date=2017-09-14 |accessdate=2018-04-28}}</ref> His father is an ordinance factory employee in Itarsi.<ref name="parent">{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/MP-BPL-HMU-serial-shani-fame-kartikey-malviya-family-news-hindi-5537607-PHO.html|title=टीवी पर शनि बन बेटा कमा रहा हर महीने 2 लाख, पिता उठा रहे घर की जिम्मेदारी|author=शैलेष जैन|date=2017-02-26|website=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=2018-04-28|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142101/https://m.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/MP-BPL-HMU-serial-shani-fame-kartikey-malviya-family-news-hindi-5537607-PHO.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-serial-shani-fame-kartikey-malviya-family-news-hindi-5537607-PHO.html|title=शनि बने बेटे के लिए मां 16 माह से घर से जुदा, पिता संभाल रहे घर की जिम्मेदारी|author=|date=2017-05-01|website=Dainik Bhaskar|accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/itarsi-mother-left-the-stove-kartikeya-little-master-1153176|title=मां ने छोड़ा चूल्हा-चौका तो कार्तिकेय बना लिटिल मास्टर|author=Editorial Team|date=2017-05-13|website=Nai Dunia|access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref> Kartikey also has an older sister named Nupur Malviya who made a television appearance on [[Zee TV]]'s ''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa.'' For her performance, Nupur won a number of awards. For now, she is pursuing MBBS in Indore vicinity.<ref name="parent" />

Malviya learned acting from his mother, who is knowledgeable in the field of [[Bharatanatyam|Bharatnatyam]]. After Malviya's performance on the television show [[India's Best Dramebaaz]], He received an acting tutor on set, which was provided by the production house. Malviya has been reportedly using online studying tools in between his shooting schedule so that he could continue with his education. He successfully passed the 10th CBSE board exam in March 2019. He has chosen to pursue the humanities stream there after.<ref>{{cite web|author= AMIT MANDLOI |url=https://www.patrika.com/news/indore/karmfal-data-shani-actor-kartikey-malviya-interview-1571500/|title=शनिदेव बने नन्हे कार्तिकेय से सीखिए टाइम मैनेजमेंट, शूटिंग के समय करते हैं ऑनलाइन पढ़ाई |website=Patrika|date=2017-05-06 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref>

In October 2017, Malviya had minor vocal cord surgery.<ref>{{cite web|author= Tellychakkar Team|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/kartikey-malviya-has-undergone-surgery-171025|title=Kartikey Malviya has undergone a surgery|website=TellyChakkar|date=2017-10-25 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Project
! Role
! Channel
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]] Season 4''
| Contestant Singer
| [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2013
| ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]] Season 1''
| Contestant Actor
| [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]] Season 2''
| Contestant/First Runner-up
| [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''
| Shani Dev
| [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2016–2018
| ''[[Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''
| [[Shani]]
| [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Chandragupt Maurya (2018 TV Series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]''
| [[Chandragupta Maurya]]
| [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
| 2020–2023
| ''[[RadhaKrishn]]''
| [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]]
| [[Star Bharat]]
|-
| 2024, 2025
| ''[[Shiv Shakti – Tap Tyaag Tandav]]''
| [[Shani]]
| Colors TV
|}

== Awards and honours ==

=== Awards ===
Malviya won several awards for his lead performance in [[Shani (TV series)|''Karmphaldata Shani'']]. This includes an award by [[ABP News]] for completion of 13 successful years on its popular TV news show Saas Bahu Aur Saazish ''Telebrations''.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Show
! Result
|-
| rowspan="4" |2017
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Gold Awards]]
| Best Child Actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/zee-gold-awards-2017-mouni-roy-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-win-big-heres-the-winner-list-4736196/|title=Zee Gold Awards 2017: Mouni Roy, Divyanka Tripathi, Karan Patel win big. Here's the winner list |website=The Indian Express |date=2017-07-06 |accessdate=2017-07-08| author=Express Web Desk}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |[[Shani (TV series)|Karmphaldata Shani]]
|{{won}}
|-
| Gold Debut in a lead role
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Child Actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2017/ita-awards-2017-winners-list-vivian-dsena-nakuul-mehta-jennifer-winget-others-bag-awards-pics-269299.html|title=ITA Awards 2017 Winners List: Vivian Dsena, Nakuul Mehta, Jennifer Winget & Others Bag Awards (PICS)|website=filmibeat |date=2017-11-07 |accessdate=2017-11-11| author=Nagarathna}}</ref>
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]] 2017
| Best Child Entertainer on TV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/kcaindia/tnc.php|title=Categories and Nominees for Voting|website=nickindia |accessdate=2018-04-26| author=Nickelodeon }}</ref>
| {{nom}}
|}

=== Honours ===
In March 2018, Malviya was invited to [[Punjab]] to celebrate the holiday Shri [[Rama Navami|Ram Navami]], as a chief guest at Siddh Shaktipeeth Shri Devi Talab Mandir, [[Jalandhar]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Rohit, Kush Chawla, Sandeep Sharma|url=http://www.dainiksaveratimes.com/news/--mother-kartikeya---shani-dev-jalandhar-news-hindi-news-167918#page=2|title=मां की बदौलत कार्तिकेय बन पाए कर्मफलदाता शनि देव|website=Dainik Savera|date=2018-03-26|accessdate=2018-04-27|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081128/https://www.dainiksaveratimes.com/news/--mother-kartikeya---shani-dev-jalandhar-news-hindi-news-167918#page=2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In April 2018, Malviya visited [[Bhopal]] to promote [[India's Best Dramebaaz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rashtriyahindimail.in/posts/3635|title=युवा समागम 2018 में आएंगे शनिदेव|website=Rashtriya Hindi Mail|author= राष्ट्रीय हिंदी मेल - भोपाल |date=2018-01-17 |accessdate=2018-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/latest-bhopal-news-071504-1547188.html|title=कलचुरी सेना ने किया बाल कलाकार को सम्मानित|website=Dainik Bhaskar|author=Bhaskar News Network|date=2018-04-25|accessdate=2018-04-28|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624121330/https://m.bhaskar.com/mp/bhopal/news/latest-bhopal-news-071504-1547188.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Malviya has also attend social events, including ''Help A Star'' with actors [[Gautam Rode]] and [[Shreyas Talpade]].<ref>{{cite web|author= Navin Pandey |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/mumbai/other-news/help-a-star-1/articleshow/60441383.cms|title=हेल्प अ स्टार 1|website=नवभारत टाइम्स|date=2017-09-10 |accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malviya, Kartikey}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Hoshangabad district]]
[[Category:2000s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kalyan-Dombivli

2026-02-03T04:10:05Z

Gyani24:

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement 
| name = Kalyan-Dombivli
| official_name =
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = Marathi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Twin City [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| imaRv uge_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|19|14|N|73|8|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Harshali Chaudhari ( [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]])
| leader_title2 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name2 = Rahul Damle ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] & Administrator
| leader_name3 = Mr.Abhinay Goyal
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 137.15
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1246381
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MH-05
| website = [http://www.kdmc.gov.in kdmc.gov.in]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kalyan-Dombivli''' is a twin city and it comes under Mumbai Metropolitan Region and it is a [[municipal corporation]] with its headquarters located in [[Kalyan]] in [[Thane district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. It was formed in 1982 to administer the twin townships of [[Kalyan]] and [[Dombivli]]. [[Kalyan]] has a history of over 700 years. Kalyan is also a major Railway Junction for the trains operating in Central Railway.

In 2016, the government of India announced five cities of Maharashtra state for the Smart Cities project. Kalyan-Dombivli is one of them. The other four cities are [[Aurangabad]], [[Nashik]], [[Nagpur]], and [[Thane]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Thane-Kalyan-Dombivli-among-5-in-state-to-make-it-to-smart-city-list/articleshow/54433975.cms|title=Thane, Kalyan-Dombivli among 5 in state to make it to smart city list|work=Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929205349/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Thane-Kalyan-Dombivli-among-5-in-state-to-make-it-to-smart-city-list/articleshow/54433975.cms|archive-date=29 September 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{Historical population
| source = [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>
|1901 | 10749
|1911 | 12600
|1921 | 17829
|1931 | 26291
|1941 | 31356
|1951 | 67006
|1961 | 104981
|1971 | 178404
|1981 | 343167
|1991 | 1014557
|2001 | 1193512
|2011 | 1247327
|align = center
|percentages=pagr}}

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Kalyan-Dombivli (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|80.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|mediumblue|7.28}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|6.76}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|2.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.12}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.43}}
}}

As of the 2011 census official report, Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation had 302,735 households and a population of 1,247,327. 121,122 (9.71%) were under the age of 7. Kalyan-Dombivli had a sex ratio of 920 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 91.37% for those 7 years and above. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 121,897 (9.77%) and 36,864 (2.96%) of the population respectively. Kalyan-Dombivli is also considered one of the fastest developing city after [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Thane |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/834/download/36204/DH_2011_2721_PART_A_DCHB_THANE.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Kalyan-Dombvili (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 60.50 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 15.30 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value3 = 5.10 |color3 = lightblue
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 3.56 |color4 = green
|label5 = [[Malayalam]] |value5 = 2.95 |color5 = cornflowerblue
|label6 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value6 = 1.95 |color6 = royalblue
|label7 = [[Kannada]] |value7 = 1.82 |color7 = darkslateblue
|label8 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value8 = 1.46 |color8 = gold
|label9 = [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] |value9 = 1.29 |color9 = springgreen
|label10 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value10 = 1.08 |color10 = maroon
|label11 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value11 = 0.96 |color11 = steelblue
|label12 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value12 = 0.95 |color12 = orchid
|label13 = Others |value13 = 4.08 |color13 = gray
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]] in the residual district, 59.50% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 15.30% [[Hindi]], 5.10% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 3.56% [[Urdu]], 2.95% [[Malayalam]], 1.95% [[Tamil language|Tamil]], 1.82% [[Kannada]], 1.46% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 1.29% [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], 1.08% [[Marwari language|Marwari]], 0.96% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and 0.95% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kdmc.gov.in Kalyan Dombivli Municipal website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429205136/http://www.kdmc.gov.in/ |date=29 April 2017 }}

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}

[[Category:Kalyan-Dombivli| ]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Twin cities]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Vanchikulam

2026-01-18T22:45:37Z

Gyani24: Put Up Article.

{{Short description|Lake in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox lake
| name = Vanchikulam
| image = Vanchikulam3.jpg
| caption =
|pushpin_map=Kerala#India
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=it}}
| type =
| inflow =
| outflow = [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands]]
| catchment =
| basin_countries = [[India]]
| length =
| width =
| area =
| depth =
| max-depth =
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation =
| islands =
| cities =
| frozen =
}}

'''Vanchikulam''' ([[Malayalam]]: വഞ്ചികുളം) is a freshwater lake in [[Thrissur]] city in the [[Kerala]] state of [[India]].<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/16583842/Vanchikkulam Vanchikkulam (Thrissur)] [[Wikimapia]]</ref> The pond was a water way connecting [[Thrissur]] to [[Kochi]] in older days.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cityjournal.in/vanchikulam-waiting-for-a-facelift/
|title= vanchikulam: Waiting for a facelift
|publisher=City Journal
|access-date=2014-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/thrissur-reeling-under-acute-water-shortage/article4406195.ece
|title=Thrissur reeling under acute water shortage
|publisher=The Hindu
|access-date=2014-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/28/stories/2008032851280300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401021613/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/28/stories/2008032851280300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2008-04-01
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|title=No major new schemes in budget
|date=2008-03-28
|access-date=2014-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/drinking-water-scheme-gets-rs4928-crore/article1816911.ece
|title=Drinking water scheme gets Rs.49.28 crore
|publisher=The Hindu
|access-date=2014-01-14}}</ref>

==History==
In older days, Vanchikulam was linked with canals and backwaters of [[Thrissur District]] and [[Ernakulam District]]. It was a big trading hub where goods and people were transported to different parts of the state like [[Kochi]] and [[Alappuzha]] and to the nearby ports. After the advent of [[Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section]] railway line, the backwaters lost the glory. Vanchikulam used to house warehouses in older days.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cityjournal.in/vanchikulam-waiting-for-a-facelift/
|title= vanchikulam: Waiting for a facelift
|publisher=City Journal
|access-date=2014-01-15}}</ref>
==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Tourist attractions in Thrissur}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
[[Category:Ponds in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Parks in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur]]

Padinjarathara

2026-01-14T06:26:41Z

Gyani24:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Padinjarathara
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Old Thariod
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town/Panchayat
| image_skyline = File:Banasura Sagar.Padinjarethara.3.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Banasura Sagar
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.6729500|N|75.939270|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wayanad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 16146
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673575
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL 12]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Padinjarathara '''is a major town in [[Wayanad district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref> The largest earth dam in India, [[Banasura Sagar Dam|Banasura Sagar]] and other main tourist attractions like [[Meenmutty Falls (Wayanad)|Meenmutti Waterfalls]], [[Bappanam mala|Bappanam Mala]], [[Banasura Hill]] and [[Kurumbalakotta]] are situated in Padinjarathara. India's first operating floating solar power plant was planted in Padinjarathara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banasurasagar Dam – KSEB Limited Dam Safety Organisation|url=https://dams.kseb.in/?p=1|access-date=2021-07-30|language=en-US}}</ref> It is a major junction between Kozhikode and Kalpetta. [[State Highway 54 (Kerala)|State Highway 54]] passes through Padinjarathara.

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Padinharethara had a population of 16,146 with 7,796 males and 8,350 females and 0 transgenders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padinharethara Village Population - Vythiri - Wayanad, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627324-padinharethara-kerala.html |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==Suburbs and villages==
* [[Padinjarathara]]
* [[Kuppadithara]]
* [[Kavumannam]]
* [[Thariod]]

==Transportation==
{{Confusing section|date=June 2021}}
Padinjarethara can be accessed from [[Mananthavady]] or [[Kalpetta]]. [[State Highway 54 (Kerala)|State Highway 54]] lies through Padinjarathara.The Periya ghat road connects Mananthavady to [[Kannur]] and [[Thalassery]]. The [[Thamarassery Churam|Thamarassery mountain road]] connects [[Calicut]] with Kalpetta. The [[Kuttiady]] mountain road connects [[Vatakara]] with Kalpetta and Mananthavady. The [[Palchuram]] mountain road connects Kannur and [[Iritty]] with Mananthavady. The road from [[Nilambur]] to [[Ooty]] is also connected to [[Wayanad district]] through the village of [[Meppadi]].

The nearest railway station is at [[Kozhikode]] and the nearest airports are [[Kannur International Airport]] at 84 km away, [[Kozhikode International Airport]] at 90 km away, and [[Bengaluru International Airport]] at 290 km away.

==Important landmarks==
* {{lang|ml|Banasura Sagar|italic=no}} Dam – the largest dam in India
* Taj International Resort
* Meenmutty Waterfalls
* Kurumbalakotta
* Salient Football Turf Padinjarathara
* Louis Mount Psychiatric Hospital
* Manjoora Saddle Dam
* Nayanmoola Saddle Dam
* Banasura Hills
* Banasura Exhibition Centres
* {{lang|ml|Elievers|italic=no}} Church
* Varambatta Makham
* {{lang|ml|Sree Kirathamoorthy|italic=no}} Temple
* {{lang|ml|Peechangode Kavu|italic=no}} Temple
* {{lang|ml|Maedhinul Uloom Madrasa|italic=no}}
* {{lang|ml|Raulathul Uloom Madrasa Aruval|italic=no}}
* {{lang|ml|Nennethul Uloom Madrasa Puzhakkal Peedika|italic=no}}
* {{lang|ml|Paradevatha Bhagavatghy Temple, Pathinaru|italic=no}}
* {{lang|ml|Carmel Bhavan Padinharethara|italic=no}}
* {{lang|ml|Veettikkamoola Masjidh|italic=no}}
* GHSS Padinjarathara

==Image gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Banasura Dam3.jpg|Banasura boating facility
File:Banasura Sagar.Padinjarethara.jpg|Banasura dam long view
File:Kottathara.Venniyode.673122.f.jpg|Paradevatha Kavu, Venniyode
File:Padnhrethara HIdayath Madrasa.jpg|Hidayathulislam Madrasa
File:Paradhevatha Temple, Kavumandam.jpg|Paradevatha Kavu
File:Kavunandam, Padincharethara, Wayanad.jpg|Kavumandam Church
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Wayanad district}}
{{Malabar}}
{{Wayanad}}

[[Category:Villages in Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Padinharethara area]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Wayanad district]]

{{Wayanad-geo-stub}}

Narasapur–Nidadavolu Express

2026-01-03T18:55:35Z

Gyani24: adding the page with sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox rail service
| name = Narasapur–Nidadavolu Express
| image=
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| first = 20 March 2018
| last =
| operator = [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Narasapur}}
| stops = 6
| end = {{stnlnk|Nidadavolu Junction}}
| distance = {{convert|76|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 2 hours 6 mins
| frequency = Daily
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General]]
| seating =
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No [[pantry car]] attached
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities=
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 17241 / 17242
| speed = {{convert|140|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum ,{{convert|37|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Narasapur–Nidadavolu Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[South Coast Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Narasapur}} and {{stnlnk|Nidadavolu Junction}} of [[Andhra Pradesh]] state in India.<ref>[https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=11322&did=1533621150890F1E8F9A506FD0BE51AEA013B69D8B0BD South Central Railways], Retrieved 26 June 2019.</ref>

==Background==
It was running as Narasapur–Visakhapatnam Link Express but due to high passenger demand, it was delinked from [[Simhadri Express]] and ran as Narasapur–Nidadavolu DEMU, numbered 77275 / 77276, on 20 March 2018. But due to some passenger security reasons, it was converted into an Express train on 15 August 2018.<ref>[https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=10597&did=152118620061748CAB0C21E82322B6585683413F0DD08.web107 South Central Railways], Retrieved 26 June 2019.</ref>

==Service==
The frequency of this train is daily, it covers the distance of 76 km with an average speed of 37 km/h.<ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/cyclone-phethai-scr-cancels-6-exp-23-passenger-trains/south/news/1440160.html uniindia.com], Retrieved 26 June 2019</ref>

==Routes==
This train passes through {{stnlnk|Bhimavaram Junction}} on both sides.

==Traction==
As this route is currently going to be electrified, a [[WDP-4]] locomotive pulls the train to its destination on both sides.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/95584 17241 Narasapur – Nidadavolu Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/latur-yesvantpur-express-16584/70340/2651/997 17242 Nidadavolu – Narasapur Express]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasapur-Nidadavolu Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]

Purushottam Agrawal

2025-12-28T07:29:36Z

Gyani24: made some data needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian writer and TV presenter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Purushottam Agrawal
| native_name =
| image = Purushottam Agrawal.jpg
| caption = Agrawal in 2012
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|8|25}}
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| occupation = [[Writer]], [[Academic staff|academic]]
| language = [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]]
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education = PhD
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi and Jeewaji University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
| notableworks = Akath Kahani Prem Ki : Kabir Aur Unka Samay (criticism), NaCoHuS (novel)
| spouse = Suman Keshari
| children = Ritwik Agrawal (Son) Ritambhara Agrawal (Daughter)
| awards = Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samaan, Devishanker Awasthi Samman, Mukutdhar Pandey Samman, Pratham Rajkamal Pandulipi Puraskar
| website = {{URL|purushottamagrawal.com}}
}}
'''Purushottam Agrawal''' (born 25 August 1955) is an Indian writer and former member of the [[Union Public Service Commission]] board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/read/review-of-purushottam-agrawals-who-is-bharat-mata/article30411827.ece|title=Purushottam Agrawal's collection of essays unpacks Jawaharlal Nehru's vision for India|date= 31 December 2019|publisher=thehindubusinessline.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thewirehindi.com/165514/who-is-bharat-mata-book-by-purushottam-agrawal-on-jawaharlal-nehru/|title=नेहरू को भुला भी दो तो भी देश के प्रति उनका योगदान उन्हें मिटने नहीं देगा: पुरुषोत्तम अग्रवाल|date= 11 April 2021|publisher=thewirehindi.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/kaun-hain-bharat-mata-released-by-famous-poet-thinker-javed-akhtar/|title=Kaun Hain Bharat Mata' Released By Famous Poet – Thinker Javed Akhtar|date= 19 February 2021|publisher=indiaeducationndiary.in }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UPSC exams: Committee led by Purushottam Agrawal submits report on translation errors |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-upsc-exams-committee-led-by-purushottam-agrawal-submits-report-on-translation-errors-2025319 |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-25 |title=The Lead: Purushottam Agarwal on modern Indian writing |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/arts-books-culture/the-lead-purushottam-agarwal-on-modern-indian-writing-943025.html |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Born on 25 August 1955 in the city of [[Gwalior|Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh]], he completed his MA in political science from [[Jiwaji University]] (Gwalior) in 1977. Later, he moved to [[Delhi]], for an MA in Hindi literature at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], and, in 1985, a PhD focusing on "The Social Meaning of Kabir's Bhakti" supervised by [[Namvar Singh]].

From 2 July 2007 to July 2013, he was a member of the [[Union Public Service Commission]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/entertainment/javed-akhtar-releases-kaun-hain-bharat-mata-432270|title=Javed Akhtar releases 'Kaun Hain Bharat Mata'|date= 19 February 2021|publisher=millenniumpost.in }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.thequint.com/videos/purushottam-agrawal-book-kaun-hai-bharat-mata-jawahar-lal-nehru-view-on-hindu-nationalism-kashmir|title=कांग्रेस ने BJP को थाली में परोसकर दिया 'राष्ट्रवाद'- अग्रवाल|date= 28 February 2021|publisher=hindi.thequint.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/exclusive-interview-with-professor-purushottam-aggarwal-on-politics-of-bharat-mata-ki-jai/articleshow/81239958.cms|title=जनता की जय ही भारत माता की जय हैः प्रोफेसर पुरुषोत्तम अग्रवाल|date= 27 February 2021|publisher=navbharattimes.indiatimes.com }}</ref>

He was anchor and interviewer on the television show 'Kitab', telecast on [[Rajya Sabha TV]] (now [[Sansad TV]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/an-unusual-television-talk-show-kitab-on-rajya-sabha-tv-was-dedicating-airtime-to-discussing-books-3136738.html|title=An unusual television talk show, Kitab on Rajya Sabha TV was dedicating airtime to books|date= 4 December 2016|publisher=firstpost.com }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* Teesara Rukh
* Shivdan Singh Chauhan
* Sanskriti: Varchsva aur Pratirodh
* Nij Brahma Vichar: Dharma, Samaj aur Dharmetar Adhyatma
* Vichar ka Ananta
* Akath Kahani Prem Ki: Kabir ki Kavita aur Unka Samay
* Hindi Saray: Astrakhan via Yerevan
* Scholaris ki Chhanv Men
* Nacohus
* Kabir, Kabir: The Life and Work of Early Modern Poet-Philosopher<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book review: 'Kabir, Kabir' by Purushottam Agrawal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20210726-book-review-kabir-kabir-by-by-purushottam-agrawal-1829090-2021-07-16 |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* Kaun Hain Bharat Mata 2021

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="http://notnul.com/Pages/Search.aspx?SearchText=Purushottam%20Agrawal*~Purushottam%20Agrawal*~Purushottam%20Agrawal*~Purushottam%20Agrawal*~Purushottam%20Agrawal*~Purushottam%20Agrawal*~" />

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://www.purushottamagrawal.com}}
* [http://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR-14%20%28English%29.pdf The Union Public Service Commission (Annual Report) 2013-14]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agrawal, Purushottam}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]

Santacruz metro station

2025-12-25T19:30:32Z

Gyani24:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{white|Santacruz Metro}}
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|सांताक्रुझ मेट्रो}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Aqua
| image = Santacruz entrance B2.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption = Santacruz Metro station entrance B2
| address = 2, Western Express Hwy, Davri Nagar, Vakola, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400055
| coordinates = {{coord|19.0792887|N|72.8471185|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|3|croute}}
| structure = Underground
| platform = 1 [[island platform]]
| owned = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 3.png|12px|link=Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)]] Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
| operator = {{rint|delhi|m}} [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=DMRC wins contract to operate Mumbai Metro's Line 3: Officials |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/dmrc-wins-contract-to-operate-mumbai-metros-line-3-officials/99462230 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| depth =
| connections =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2024|10|5|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| accessible = {{URL|1=https://mmrcl.com/station/STZM|2=Yes}}
| status = Staffed, Operational
| code = STZM
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=3|left=Bandra Colony|right=Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T1}}
| route_map = {{Routemap
|inline=1
|legend=track
|map=
utSTR!~MFADEg\d\utSTR!~MFADEg~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2 metro station|CSMI Airport - T1]]
utSTRg\d\utSTRf~~ ~~ ~~
utPSTR(L)\d\utPSTR(R)
utPSTR(L)!~*2__align=r\dPLT\utPSTR(R)!~*1__align=l
utPSTR(L)\d\utPSTR(R)
utSTRg\d\utSTRf~~ ~~ ~~
utSTR!~MFADEf\d\utSTR!~MFADEf~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}}
}}
| map_state = expanded
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Aqua Line}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Santacruz Metro''' ([[ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund]] Santacruz Metro) is an underground metro station on the north–south corridor of the [[Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line 3]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This metro station was inaugurated on 5 October 2024, by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], followed by the commencement of the metro service from 7 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 Opens: Check Stations, Route, Fare, Timings And More |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/nation/mumbai-metro-line-3-opens-for-public-route-fare-timings-and-more |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=NDTV Profit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro-3 Second Phase On Track: Aarey-BKC Services Begin, Link To Cuffe Parade May Be Ready by 2025 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mumbai-metro-3-second-phase-on-track-aarey-bkc-services-begin-bkc-to-cuffe-parade-link-may-be-ready-by-2025-9076938.html |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro route 'line 3' opens for public today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbais-first-underground-metro-route-line-3-to-open-for-public-from-today/articleshow/114001694.cms |access-date=6 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro line from Aarey to BKC now open for public – Check stations, timings, fares for Mumbai Metro Line 3 here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-mumbais-first-underground-metro-line-from-aarey-to-bkc-to-open-for-public-today-check-stations-timings-fares-for-mumbai-metro-line-3-here-3632350/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Financial Express}}</ref>

==Station Layout==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Ground level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=400 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''L1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Customer Service, Shops, Vending machine, ATMs
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=5 valign=top|'''L2 Platforms'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85 height=45|'''Platform 2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=400|{{0|←}} Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|right}} ([[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T1 metro station|CSMI Airport - T1]]) →
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:dashed 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Entrance/exit vestibule
|-
|style="border-top:dashed 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |← Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|left}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}})
|-
|}

==Entry/Exit==
*'''A1''' - [[University of Mumbai]] (Kalina University), Kalina<ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Santacruz Station Details |url=https://mmrcl.com/station/STZM |website=MMRCL |access-date=17 May 2025}}</ref>
*'''A2''' - Hanuman Tekdi, Maratha Colony<ref name=map/>
*'''B1''' - [[Vakola]], Kalina Military Campus {{access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>
*'''B2''' - [[Santacruz railway station]], Sen Nagar {{access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>

==See also==
*[[Mumbai]]
*[[Public transport in Mumbai]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of Metro Systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://mmrcl.com/en/ The official site of Mumbai Metro]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 3=yes}}

[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]

List of Punjabi films of the 1950s

2025-12-10T01:23:52Z

Gyani24: stub

{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Punjabi film list}}

This is a '''list of [[Punjabi Cinema|Punjabi films]] of the 1950s'''.

==1950s==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=10% | Title !! width=10% |Director !!width=30% | Cast !! width=30% | Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1950'''
|-
|''Bhaiya Ji''||[[Om Prakash]] ||[[Om Prakash]], [[Suresh (Hindi actor)|Suresh]], [[Shyama (Hindi actress)|shyama]]||
|-
|''[[Posti (1950 film)|Posti]]''||K.D. Mehra ||[[Shyama (Hindi actress)|Shyama]], [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], Amarnath, Randhir, Majnu, Ramesh Thakur, Bhag Singh, [[Chand Burke|Chand Burque]], Moti Sood Majnu ||
|-
|''Madari''||Rajendra Sharma ||[[Kuldip Kaur]], [[Om Prakash]], [[Madan Puri]], [[Meena Shorey]], [[Suresh (Hindi actor)|Suresh]] ||
|-
|''Chhai''||Shankar Mehta ||[[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]], [[Geeta Bali]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Kuldip Kaur]], Khairati, Majnu, ([[Ram Avtar]] as a Lala baksha laadu) ||
|-
|''Baalo''||Kuldeep ||Geeta Bali ||
|-
|''Beli''||Masud Pervaiz||M. Ismail, [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Sabiha Khanum]], Shahina||
|-
|''Gabhroo''||[[Anwar Kamal Pasha]] ||Shamim Bano, [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''Laaray''||Nazir ||[[Swaran Lata (actress)|Sawarn Lata]], [[Nazir Ahmed Khan|Nazir]], Nazar, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], Baba Alam Siaposh ||
|-
|''Shammi''||Munshi Dil ||Shammi, [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], Shola ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1951'''
|-
|''Mutiyar''|| || ||
|-
|''Baisakhi''||Rajender Sharma || ||
|-
|''Phooman''||Kuldeep || ||
|-
|''[[Billo (film)|Billo]]''||Amjad Hussain ||Najma, [[Syed Ishrat Abbas|Darpan]], M. Ismail ||Debut film for film playback singer [[Zubaida Khanum]]
|-
|''Chann Way''||[[Noor Jehan|Madam Noor Jehan]] ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], Jahangir, Yasmin, Ghulam Mohammed, Sultan Khost, Hamalia Wala and Salim Raza || [[Noor Jehan]] started her film career in Pakistan as actress, singer and director
|-
|''Dilbar''||[[Anwar Kamal Pasha]] ||Najma, [[Syed Ishrat Abbas|Darpan]], M. Ismael ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1952'''
|-
|''[[Kaude Shah]]''||Shanti Prakash Bakshi ||Daljit, Miss Manju, Rajni, Th. Ramesh Nagpal, Jaswant, Mohan, [[Chand Burke|Chand Burqe]] ||
|-
|''Jugni''||Rajendra Sharma ||Majnu, Roopmala, Sunder, Ramesh Thakur ||
|-
|''Lara Lappa''||M.S. Dar ||Ilyas Kashmiri, Sabiha Khanum, Santosh Kumar ||
|-
|''Nath''||Shafi Ejaz ||Hafeez Jehan, Haseeb, [[Agha Talish|Talish]] || [[Agha Talish|Talish]]'s debut film.
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1953'''
|-
|''[[Shehri Babu]]''||[[Nazir Ahmed Khan|Nazir]]||[[Swaran Lata (actress)|Sawarn Lata]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], Nazar, M. Ismael, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], [[Zubaida Khanum]] and [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]] ||Film was released on 13 June 1953
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1954'''
|-
|''Ashtali''||Shanti Prakash Bakshi ||Daljit ||
|-
|''Shah Ji''|| S.Arora||Roopmala ||
|-
|''Vanjara''||Shaminder Chahal ||Amarnath, [[Chand Burke]], Kamaldeep, Majnu, Sunder, Ramesh Thakur ||
|-
|''Chann Mahi''||Anwar Kamal ||Bahar Begum, M. Ismail, Asif Jah, Aslam Pervaiz, Nighat Sultana, Gul Zaman ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1955'''
|-
|''Bulbul''||Daud Chand ||[[Asha Posley]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], Nazar, [[Zeenat Begum]]||
|-
|''[[Heer (1955 film)|Heer]]''||[[Nazir Ahmed Khan|Nazir]] ||[[Swaran Lata (actress)|Sawarn Lata]], [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]], [[Zeenat Begum]], Nazar, Rekha, Imdad and [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]] ||
|-
|''Patay Khan''||M. A. Rasheed || [[Noor Jehan]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Zubaida Khanum]], Zarif, [[Musarrat Nazir]], Nazar, M. Ismael, Imdad Hussain, Hazin Qadri, Rekha, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''Pattan ''||Luqman ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Asha Posley]], Nazar, [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], M. Ismael, Ghulam Mohammed, Sultan Khoost, Diljeet Mirza and [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1956'''
|-
|''[[Chann Mahi (1956 film)|Chann Mahi]]''||[[Anwar Kamal Pasha]] ||Bahar, [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Asif Jah (actor)|Asif Jah]], Rekha, Sheikh Iqbal, Gulraiz ||
|-
|''Dulla Bhatti ''||M. S. Daar ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Asha Posley]], [[Asif Jah (actor)|Asif Jah]], Ghulam Mohammed, Sheikh Iqbal ||
|-
|''[[Guddi Gudda]]''||Wali Sahib ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Agha Talish|Talish]] ||
|-
|''Jabroo''||Muzaffar Tahir ||Yasmin, [[Akmal Khan]], [[Agha Talish|Talish]] ||
|-
|''Mahi Munda''||M.J. Rana ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], Zarif, Nazar, [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]] ||
|-
|''Morni''||Shakoor Qadri ||Yasmin, [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]], Nazar ||
|-
|''Peengaan''||Amin Malik ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]]||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1957'''
|-
|''Hulare''||O.P. Dutta || ||
|-
|''Muklawa''||Rajinder Sharma ||[[Om Prakash]] ||
|-
|''Bholay Khan''||Jamil Mirza ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Neelo]], Diljeet Mirza ||
|-
|''[[Nooran (1957 film)|Nooran]]''||M.M. Billoo Mehra ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], Zeenat, Nazar, [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], Maya Devi, Agha Salim Raza ||
|-
|''Palkan''||Amin Malik ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Akmal Khan]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], Zarif ||
|-
|''Sehti ''||M.J. Rana ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Akmal Khan]], [[Neelo]], [[Agha Talish|Talish]] ||
|-
|''[[Yakke Wali]]''||M. J. Rana ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Neelo]], [[Zeenat Begum]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], Rekha, Ghulam Mohammed, Iqbal Kashmiri, Zarif ||
|-
|''Zulfaan''||Agha Hussaini ||Bahar, [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Zeenat Begum]] ||
|-
|''Pingan''|| || ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1958'''
|-
|''Nikki''||Bina Khosla || ||
|-
|''Choomantar''||M. M. Billoo Mehra ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], Laila, Zarif, Salim Raza, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''Ghar Jawai''||M. Akram ||Bahar, [[Sultan Rahi]], A. Shah Shikarpuri, [[Asif Jah (actor)|Asif Jah]] ||
|-
|''Jagga''|| ||[[Meena Shorey]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]] ||
|-
|''Jatti''||M. J. Rana ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Neelo]], [[Saeed Khan Rangeela|Rangeela]] ||
|-
|''Katchian Kalian''||Amin Malik ||[[Neelo]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], Zarif, [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]] ||
|-
|''[[Mukhra (1958 film)|Mukhra]]''||Jafar Malik ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Asha Posley]], Nazar, Ghulam Mohammed, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''Shiekh Chilli''||[[Asif Jah (actor)|Asif Jah]] ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Asif Jah (actor)|Asif Jah]] ||
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''1959'''
|-
|''[[Bhangra (film)|Bhangrha]]''||Jugal Kishore ||Nishi, Sunder, Khariti, Vimla, Satish, Ramlal & Majnu ||
|-
|''Pardesi Dhola''||S.P Bakshi || B.M Vyas, [[Chand Burke|Chand Burqie]], [[Chaman Puri]], Khairati, Jeevan, Tuntun ||
|-
|''Bachha Jamoora''||Aslam Irani ||[[Meena Shorey]], [[Akmal Khan]], [[Nayyar Sultana]], Mazhar Shah, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], [[Munawar Zarif|Zarif]], [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]] ||
|-
|''Bodi Shah''||Qalander Ahmad ||Bahar, [[Akmal Khan]], [[Munawar Zarif|Zarif]] ||
|-
|''Jaidad''||Riaz Ahmad Raju ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Shamim Ara]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''[[Kartar Singh (1959 film)|Kartar Singh]]''||Saifuddin Saif ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], Bahar, Laila, [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], Ghulam Muhammad, Fazal Haq, [[Munawar Zarif|Zarif]] and [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||
|-
|''Lukkan Mitti''||Wali Sahib ||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Neelo]], Zarif ||
|-
|''Naaji''||[[Sabiha Khanum]] ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]]||
|-
|''Pardesan''||M. Naseem ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Asha Posley]], Zarif ||
|-
|''Suchche Moti''||Sheikh Iqbal ||[[Neelo]], [[Ejaz Durrani]], [[Agha Talish|Talish]]||
|-
|''Yaar Beli''||Khalil Qaiser||[[Musarrat Nazir]], [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Neelo]], Zarif ||
|}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title?title_type=feature&languages=pa&sort=moviemeter,asc&ref_=tt_dt_dt/ Punjabi films] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Cinema of Punjab}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjabi Films (1050-1959)}}
[[Category:Lists of Punjabi films by decade|1950s]]
[[Category:Lists of 1950s films]]
[[Category:1950s in Punjab, India|Films]]

Institute of Odia Studies and Research

2025-12-07T18:43:38Z

Gyani24: general fixed content as per guidelines and updated info per standard format

{{Short description|Language research in Odisha, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= June 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| motto = {{transliteration|sa|Inform, Involve and Empower}}
| name = Institute of Odia Studies and Research
| image_name = File:Iosr logo.tif
| caption =
| established = {{start date and age| November 2010}}
| logo =
| type = [[Research Institute]]
| chairman = Natabar Satpathy
| director = Brajendra Prasad Das
| address = 3 R 9, BJB Nagar
| city = [[Bhubaneshwar]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| postalcode = 751014
| country = [[India]]
| language = English, Odia
}}

'''Institute of Odia Studies & Research''' (IOSR) is a language research Institute. The mission of the institute is to develop [[Odia language|Odia]] as a language of knowledge as well as of development. It is working for the establishment of a Central Institute Of Classical Odia<ref>{{cite journal |title=Odia Bhasar Shastriyamanyata prapti pare Odia Viswavidyalaya o Kendriya Odia Bhasa Sansthan Pratistha nimitta Jatiya Alochanachakrara Bibarani |journal=Utkal Prasanga |date=August 2014 |volume=1 |issue=71 |pages=25–30 |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/utkalprasanga/2014/August/Augustoriya.htm |archive-date=24 April 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424095814/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/utkalprasanga/2014/August/Augustoriya.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as an Odia Biswabidyalaya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Language versity on the cards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Language-varsity-on-the-cards/articleshow/9177397.cms |work=The Times of India |date=11 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Odia Biswabidyalaya pain Bill Asiba |publisher=The Samaja |date=17 Dec 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Odishare heba Odia ViswaVidyalaya |publisher=The Prameya |date=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Odia Bhasapain Ekaka Odia Viswavidyalaya prastaba Bicharadhina |publisher=The Sambad |date=25 Aug 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shastriyamanyata pare Lakshya Odia Viswavidyalaya |publisher=The Prameya |date=10 September 2013}}</ref> During the past ten years{{When|date=February 2025|reason="During the past ten years"--from when?}} the institute has organised discussion groups, state and national level seminars<ref>{{cite web |title=Font problem hits Odia |url=https://cis-india.org/news/the-telegraph-july-7-2014-bibhuti-barik-font-problem-hits-odia |publisher=the Telegraph |access-date=July 7, 2014 |ref=Access to Knowledge}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷା ପାଇଁ ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ |url=https://www.dharitri.com/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE-%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%81-%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8C%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95-%E0%AC%86/ |issue=11 |publisher=The Dharitri |date=13 Jan 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ନୂତନ ଶିକ୍ଷାନୀତିରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ମାଧ୍ୟମକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦେବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ |url=https://sambad.in/metro/new-education-policy-focus-on-the-oriya-medium-567158/ |publisher=The Sambad |date=Sep 29, 2020}}</ref> and conference.

==Research work ==
IOSR has always been a priority to research for human development. In this regard, IOSR organising National level seminars<ref>{{cite news |title=Scholars join hands to demand Odia institute |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/scholars-join-hands-to-demand-odia-institute-linguist-debiprasanna-pattanayak-urges-govt-to-follow-tamil-nadu-model/cid/186297 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=12 May 2014}}</ref> and conferences before deciding on which research to be done, and seek the advice of experts. For the past 15 years, the institute has been conducting about 15 national level seminars and 7 national language conferences for this purpose.

===Odia as a classical language===
The first research project of the organization was based on the Odia language. In order to explore the ancient history and glory of the Odia language, IOSR developed a research paper for the classical recognition of the Odia language. The study breaks down the pre-existing idea that Odia is a 500-year-old language, with a 2,500-year history of the language, a 2,000-year-old literature, and a script that was created from primitive caves below 20,000 years old. The research paper proves that the origin of the script, especially in all the scripts of India, is derived from Odisha. According to the Central Government's Home Department, the Odia language has been given classical status, but after two years of research, it has given glory to the Odia language and the importance of the Odia language as an ancient and prosperous language in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha govt joins classical chorus for Odia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-govt-joins-classical-chorus-for-Odia/articleshow/20401515.cms |work=The Times of India |date=3 June 2013}}</ref>

[[File:AICTE & IOSR MoU.jpg|thumb|Institute of Odia Studies and Research signed an MOU with the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), Ministry of Education, Government of India for translation of technical books in Odia language]]

==Memorandum of understanding (MOU)==
[[File:Prasasanika Nathi in Odia.jpg|thumb|Odia Prasasanika Nathi For Odisha Officers]]
* IOSR signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on 20 March 2014 with the CMGI, GA Dept, [[Government of Odisha]] having usage of Odia language in the State administration. IOSR prepared and edited book named ''Sarakari Bhasa Sahacar'' and a Flyleaf (Nathi), which was written some important official Order of Notes in English and Odia.<ref>{{cite news |title=IOSR handed over administrative files required for official use of Odia to Odisha Govt |url=https://orissadiary.com/iosr-handed-administrative-files-required-official-use-odia-odisha-govt/ |publisher=Odisha Diary bureau |date=April 23, 2017}}</ref>
* IOSR signed a MoU on 1 October 2014 with the Indira women Organisation for voluntary action (IWOVA), Odisha having joint endeavor in Research, Teaching, monitoring and Mobilizing women and organizing them on socio economic issues in all over Odisha.
* IOSR has signed a MoU on 15.03.2016 with the [[Utkal University]], Bhubaneswar, under the joint endeavor in the field of computational linguistics and research.
* Institute of Odia Studies and Research (IOSR) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)<ref>{{cite web |title=Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan witnesses MoU signing between AICTE and IOSR |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1764791 |website=PIB |access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref> on 18 October 2021 with The [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE), [[Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]] for translation of technical books in [[Odia language]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AICTE, IOSR ink pact for engineering education in Odia |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/oct/19/aicte-iosr-ink-pact-for-engineering-education-in-odia-2373117.html |agency=The New Indian Express |date=19 Oct 2021}}</ref> The MoU was signed in presence of Union Education Minister [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] who in his address said the collaboration that will help in developing study materials for engineering education in Odia language is a major step towards ensuring education in mother tongue, one of the biggest recommendations of National Education Policy (NEP)-2020. Objective is to facilitate the preparation and introduction of technical-books in Odia at Degree and Diploma Level from the academic session of 2022 (primarily through translation of model texts-books in English language prepared / recommendedby AICTE).

[[File:7th NLC.jpg|thumb|Inauguration session of the 7th National Language Conference-2021 at Puri, Odisha]]

== National language conference ==
The annual [[National Language Conference]] started after the recognition of Odia as a classical language organized by the Institute of Odia Studies and Research for two days on 2 and 3 January 2014 to prepare its next outline. The goal was to help create a platform to discuss language issues and support language movement in preserving the regional heritage and culture.

*1st National Language Conference: Jayadev Bhawan, Bhubaneswar (2014)<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharata Prathama Bhasa Sammilani udjapita |publisher=The Samaja |date=4 January 2014}}</ref>
*2nd National Language Conference: Institute of Physics (2015)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dwitiya Jatiya Bhasa Sammilani March 30ru |publisher=The Samaja |date=26 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Centre nod to classical language institute |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/centre-nod-to-classical-language-institute/articleshow/46754296.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 March 2015}}</ref>
*3rd National Language Conference: Utkal University, OUAT & IIT, Bhubaneswar (2016)<ref>{{cite news |title=Jatiya Bhasa Sammilani Udghatita |publisher=The Dharitri |date=26 March 2016}}</ref>
*4th National Language Conference: NIST, Berhampur (2017)
*5th National Language Conference: Ravenshaw University, Cuttack (2019)
*6th National Language Conference: Sambalpur University, Sambalpur (2020)
*7th National Language Conference: SriJagannath Sanskrit University, Puri(2021).<ref>{{cite news |title=National Language Conference to be held in Puri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/national-language-conference-to-be-held-in-puri/articleshow/81491187.cms |work=The Times of India |date=14 March 2021}}</ref>

==Publications==
IOSR Published 6 no's of Research Books, 4 No's of NLC Proceedings and Half yearly Research Journal 'BHASA' regularly.

===Research Books===
* ''Kahibar Nohe se Kataka Chatakaku'' by Subrat Kumar Prusty<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=kahibar nohen se kataka chatakaku |date=2018 |publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research |location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha |isbn=978-81-933604-4-6 |edition=1st}}</ref> (2018)
* ''Odia Bhasara Utpatti O kramabikasha'' by Subrat Kumar Prusty<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=Odia Bhasara Utpatti o Kramabikash |date=2018 |publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research |location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha |isbn=978-81-933604-6-0 |edition=1st}}</ref> (2018)
* ''Sastriya Bhasa Odia'' by Subrat Kumar Prusty (2017)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=Sastriya Bhasa Odia |date=2017 |publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research |location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha |edition=1st}}</ref>
* ''Bhasa Bimarsha'' by Natabar Satapathy (2018),
* ''Hindubad O Jagannath'' by Panchanan Kanungo (2018),
* ''Dara 370: janmasthanaru kabarsthan'' by Panchanan Kanungo (2020).

===Proceedings===
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol I, {{ISBN|978-81-933604-0-8}} (2016)
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol II, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-0-9}} (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783449 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol III, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-5-4}} (2020)
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol IV, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-3-0}} (2020)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Language, Literature & Integrity |first1=(Volume: IV) |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783237 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>

===Library===
IOSR has opened first language library of Odisha with 5325 books, five daily and five monthly journals have been subscribed. Hon’ble Law & Panchayatiraj Minister Dr. Arun Kumar Sahu and Hon’ble Mass Education & Industry Minister Sj. Debi Prasad Mishra inaugurated the library at Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prathama Bhasa Pathagara udghatita |publisher=The Samaja |date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Library for Love of Odia |publisher=The Telegraph |date=26 Feb 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Odia language]]
[[Category:Classical Language in India]]

Jani (surname)

2025-11-14T15:46:13Z

Gyani24: general refined structure based on references further and updated info

'''Jani''' is a [[surname]].

{{Infobox surname
| name = Jani
| pronunciation=
| gender =
| meaning =Learned
| region =[[Indian subcontinent]]
| origin =[[Jnana]]
|language=|alternative spelling=Jyani, Gyani, Giani|languageorigin=[[Sanskrit]]|usage=[[Bishnois]], [[Brahmins]], [[Jats]], [[Indher]]}}
The [[Indian surname]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&q=jani+-Bharatpedia&pg=PA1774 |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |pages=1464, 1319, 1078, 1398, 1774, 1579, 1362 |language=en |author-link=Kumar Suresh Singh}}</ref> meaning 'learned' (from Sanskrit [[Jñāna|jnana]], 'knowledge') is found among Brahmins in the western state of Gujarat,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJpDAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Jani+caste%22+-Bharatpedia |title=All India Reporter |date=1922 |publisher=D.V. Chitaley |pages=379 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahadur) |first=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=peHCWqIi-QgC&q=%22Jani+clan%22+-Bharatpedia |title=Man in India |date=1944 |publisher=A. K. Bose |pages=50, 53 |language=en}}</ref>
and is a [[Gotra]] and surname among [[Jats]] and [[Bishnoi]]s in the [[Thar Desert|Western Rajasthan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dahiya |first=Bhim Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8M61AAAAIAAJ&q=%22jani..machra%22+-Bharatpedia |title=Jats, the Ancient Rulers: A Clan Study |date=1980 |publisher=Sterling |pages=316 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vm_KCE4XXPMC&dq=jani..godara+-Bharatpedia&pg=PA901 |title=Rajasthan |date=1998 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-769-2 |pages=901 |language=en |author-link=Kumar Suresh Singh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uY2AQAAMAAJ&q=jani..godara+-Bharatpedia |title=Rajputana Classes: 1921 |date=1922 |publisher=Government Monotype Press |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uY2AQAAMAAJ&q=jani..godara+-Bharatpedia |title=Rajputana Classes: 1921 |date=1922 |publisher=Government Monotype Press |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathur |first=U. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7YtAAAAMAAJ&q=jani..godara+-Bharatpedia |title=Folkways in Rajasthan |date=1986 |publisher=Folklorists |isbn=978-81-85129-00-6 |page=34 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Gyani]], an honorific title from [[Sikhism]] also meaning learned, is from the same root

==Linguistic Roots of Jani==
{{wiktionary|Jani}}

The [[Sanskrit]] root [[:hi:ज्ञा|ज्ञा]]- jñā- shares its origins with [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] znati, the [[English language|English]] word know, along with the Greek [[Know thyself|γνώ-]] (seen in [[Know thyself|γνῶσις]] gnosis) and Lithuanian žinoti. On the contrary, its opposite is represented by [[:hi:अज्ञान|अज्ञान]] ajñāna, which translates to "[[ignorance]]."

==People with the name==

===Arts and entertainment===
* [[Agha Jani Kashmiri]], was an Indian screenwriter, former actor and Urdu poet
* [[Ayaz Jani]], was a Sindhi-language poet
* [[Chirag Jani (actor)]], an Indian film Actor
* [[Jyotish Jani]], novelist, poet and short story writer from Gujarat, India
* [[Kamya jani|Kamiya Jani]], an Indian YouTuber, entrepreneur, and social media influencer
* [[Nirmal Jani]], Indian cinematographer
* [[Purnamasi Jani]], poet, social activist from India

===Business and law===
* [[Reshma Saujani]], American lawyer
* [[Tushar Jani]], business entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist

===Politics and government===
* [[Alauddin Jani]], governor of Bengal during the time of Mamluk dynasty
* [[Babajani Durrani]], an Indian politician
* [[Jagadish Jani]], Indian politician
* [[Masud Jani]], the Governor of Bengal, 1247–1251 CE
* [[Surjit Kumar Jyani]], Indian politician

===Religion and spirituality===
* Mulji Jani, known as [[Gunatitanand Swami]] a Hindu spiritual teacher
* [[Prahlad Jani]], Indian breatharian monk
* Sayyid Jani Shah, a Muslim Pir who accepted Dharma

===Sciences and education===
* [[A. N. Jani]], Indian scholar and Indologist
* [[Karan Jani]], an Indian astrophysicist
* [[Shyam Sunder Jyani]], Indian environmentalist and academic
* [[Nikhil Jani]], Software Test automation engineer

===Sports===
* [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)]], an Indian cricketer
* [[Neel Jani]], Swiss professional Porsche factory driver. His father is from India and his mother is German Swiss.
* [[Réka Luca Jani]], a Hungarian female tennis player

==See also==
* [[Jahani]]
* [[Jani (given name)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

Lakshmi Raj Singh

2025-10-24T05:27:07Z

Gyani24:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Lakshmi Raj Singh''' is an Indian politician who is serving as [[Member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from [[Sikandrabad Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/ElectedMembers/18 |website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}</ref> In [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he won with 1,25,644 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GEN ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MARCH-2022 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS2464.htm?ac=64 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Lakshmi Raj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1

2025-10-13T09:19:43Z

Gyani24:

{{short description|Indian reality digital show}}
{{for|the original edition of the series|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| bgcolour = #191970
| season_number = 1
| image = Bigg Boss Non-Stop Logo.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Bigg Boss Non-Stop Season 1 logo
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| num_days = 84
| num_housemates = 18
| winner = [[Bindu Madhavi]]
| runner_up = Akhil Sarthak
}}
| num_episodes = 85
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|02|26}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|5|21|df=yes}}
| episode_list =
}}
'''''Bigg Boss Non-Stop''''', is the first season of the Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] reality digital series of ''[[Bigg Boss Non-Stop]]'' and the first series to be released exclusively on [[Star India]]'s streaming platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. The season premiered on 26 February 2022 with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as a host.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Non-Stop to premiere on February 26; host Nagarjuna Akkineni confirms with a teaser, watch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-non-stop-to-premiere-on-february-26-host-nagarjuna-akkineni-confirms-with-a-teaser-watch/articleshow/89593220.cms|access-date=2022-02-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Non Stop: Nagarjuna announces launch of Bigg Boss Telugu OTT version|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/bigg-boss-non-stop-nagarjuna-bigg-boss-telugu-ott-version-7775283/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

The season's finale took place on 21 May 2022 with [[Bindu Madhavi]] winning the title along with {{INR}}40 [[lakh]] prize money while Akhil Sarthak emerged as the first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu OTT winner: Bindu Madhavi lifts the trophy of Bigg Boss Non-Stop; becomes the first-ever female winner of the series - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-ott-winner-bindu-madhavi-lifts-the-trophy-of-bigg-boss-non-stop-becomes-the-first-ever-female-winner-of-the-series/articleshow/91709761.cms |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Production ==

=== Announcement ===
On 24 December 2021, In an official press interaction with media, the makers have announced Bigg Boss Telugu OTT will be set to be streamed soon and also said the digital version of the show is going to be different from its television counterpart. On 9 February 2022, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] revealed the show's title along with a new logo. The title and logo of 'Bigg Boss Non-Stop' were unveiled.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu OTT is titled 'Bigg Boss Non-Stop'; here's what we know about the show so far|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-ott-is-titled-bigg-boss-non-stop-heres-what-we-know-about-the-show-so-far/photostory/89458197.cms|access-date=2022-02-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagarjuna Akkineni-hosted Bigg Boss Telugu OTT announced; here's what the Telugu superstar has to say - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/nagarjuna-akkineni-hosted-bigg-boss-telugu-ott-announced-heres-what-the-telugu-superstar-has-to-say/articleshow/88469860.cms|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Teaser ===
The logo has a striking blend of blue and red with the Bigg Boss eye and the title in grey grabbing all the attention. The debut OTT version comes with the tagline 'Non-Stop entertainment'. On 15 February 2022, Host [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] has confirmed the same with a teaser featuring Vennela Kishore and Murali Sharma alongside him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu OTT is titled 'Bigg Boss Non-Stop'; here's what we know about the show so far|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-ott-is-titled-bigg-boss-non-stop-heres-what-we-know-about-the-show-so-far/photostory/89458197.cms|access-date=2022-02-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Format ==
As like the televised series, the group of contestants referred to as Housemates are enclosed in the Bigg Boss House under constant surveillance of cameras and microphones.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Non-Stop: Here's a peek into the sprawling BB house of the Nagarjuna Akkineni-hosted OTT version; see pics|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-non-stop-heres-a-peek-into-the-sprawling-bb-house-of-the-nagarjuna-akkineni-hosted-ott-version-see-pics/photostory/89828740.cms|access-date=2022-02-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Theme ==
=== {{Red|Warriors}} vs {{Green|Challengers}} ===
The TV series has invited new contestants from film, TV, Radio, and social media fraternities every season. Bigg Boss Non-Stop will have a line up of both former Bigg Boss Telugu contestants dubbed as '' Warriors'' and celebrities who will make their Bigg Boss debut and are dubbed as ''Challengers''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Non-Stop: Here's how the Nagarjuna-hosted OTT version is different from the previous seasons of the TV series|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-non-stop-heres-how-the-nagarjuna-hosted-ott-version-is-different-from-the-previous-seasons-of-the-tv-series/photostory/89775080.cms|access-date=2022-02-24|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu OTT Launch Highlights: "The game has just begun," host Nagarjuna signs off from BB Non-Stop premiere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-ott-launch-live-updates-bigg-boss-non-stop-news-nagarjuna-akkineni-hosted-bb-non-stop-is-all-set-to-start-shortly/liveblog/89848376.cms |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Non-Stop: Full and final list of contestants of Bigg Boss Telugu OTT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-ott-full-and-final-list-of-contestants-of-bigg-boss-non-stop/photostory/89866847.cms |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The concept of Challengers Vs Warriors was ended on day 14 by Raj Tarun who came for Stand Up Rahul Movie Promotion

== Housemate status ==


{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | Sr
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | Previous season status
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#191970; color:#fff;" | Status
|-
|1
|Bindu
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:#73FB76;" |{{nowrap|Winner}}
|-
|2
|Akhil
|style="background:#D1E8EF;" |{{nowrap|1st runner-up}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |{{nowrap|1st runner-up}}
|-
|3
|Shiva
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}
|-
|4
|Ariyana
|style="background:#DDA0DD;"|{{nowrap|3rd runner-up}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |{{nowrap|Walked, 3rd runner-up}}
|-
|5
|Mithraaw
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:#FF69B4;" |{{nowrap| 4th runner-up}}
|-
|6
|Bhaskar
|style="background:#7FFFD4;" |{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}
|Day 49
|Day 84
| style="background:Beige;"|{{nowrap| 5th runner-up}}
|-
|7
|Anil
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 84
| style="background:yellow" |{{nowrap| 6th runner-up}}
|-
|8
|Nataraj
|{{No|16th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 77
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|9
|Ashu
|{{No|13th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 70
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|10
| Hamida
|{{No|15th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 63
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|11
|Ajay
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 56
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|12
|Mahesh
|{{No|8th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 49
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|13
|Sravanthi
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 42
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" | Mumaith
| rowspan="2" {{No|8th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 7
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|Day 31
|Day 42
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|15
|Tejaswi
|{{No|15th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 35
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|16
|Sarayu
|{{No|19th position}}
|Day 1
|Day 28
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|17
|Chaitu
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|18
|Shree
|{{N/A}}
|Day 1
|Day 14
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates==
===Original entrants===
===={{red|Warriors}}====
*Ashu reddy – Indian movie actress and dubsmasher, she is well known for her work in the Telugu film industry. She made her acting debut with the Telugu movie [[Chal Mohan Ranga]]. She was evicted on Day 35 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)]].
*Mahesh Vitta – Indian actor, who has acted in Telugu films. He is best known for his performance in the internet comedy series Fun Bucket. He was evicted on Day 84 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)]].
*[[Mumaith Khan]] – Indian actress and model. She has appeared in numerous item numbers in Telugu, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Bengali, and Odia language films. She was evicted on Day 49 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 1)]].
* Ariyana Glory – TV presenter. She worked in well-known channels like Studio Network and [[Gemini TV]]. She became as third runner-up in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)]].
* Nataraj – Dance choreographer and television judge. He was part of the reality dance show Aata. He was evicted on Day 28 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)]].
* [[Tejaswi Madivada]] – Indian actress and model. A dance tutor turned actress, she made her acting debut with [[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu|Seethamma Vaakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]] and became noted after starring in [[Ice Cream (2014 film)|Ice Cream]]. She was evicted on Day 42 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 2)]].
* Hamida Khatoon – Film actress. She is known for the film Sahasam Cheyara Dimbaka. She was evicted on Day 35 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)]].
* Sarayu Roy – YouTuber. She is a part of the 7 Arts YouTube channel. She was evicted on Day 7 in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)]].
* Akhil Sarthak – Television actor. He is best known for his role in the Kalyani serial. He is the "Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Man 2020-21" on Television. He became runner-up in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)]].

===={{green|Challengers}}====
* Ajay Kumar – Film actor and he well known for his films [[Mehbooba (2018 film)|Mehbooba]], and Vishwak.
* Sravanthi Chokarapu – Indian Film Actress, Anchor, and Model. She started her career in modeling. She then turned Anchor and worked for in Yoyo TV channel and also worked in the Filmy Focus and Jabardasth show.
* RJ Chaitu – Most popular Radio Jockeys of Hyderabad. He also hosted special events and shows.
* Shree Rapaka – Film Actress, model and costume designer. She made her acting debut with the film Nagnam in the year 2020. She was also a part of the popular dance reality TV show 'Rangasthalam'. She has hosted a few celebrity interviews and events as well.
* Anil Rathod is a Popular Fashion Model and actor. He appeared in many brands and international shows. He also won many awards like Mr. Telangana 2015, Best Model of the Year by TAA, and Best Model – Rubaru Mr. India 2021.
* Shiva – He was an anchor who mainly works in the Telugu Entertainment industry. He has worked in NTV News Channel and also worked in more than 7 Channels like Telugu Full Screen, Telugu Vikas, Daily Culture, News Qube Channel. He started his own YouTube Channel Mana Media.
* Mitraaw Sharma – Producer, Model, and actress, in the Telugu industry. She made her acting debut with Telugu Movie Boys (2021).
* [[Bindu Madhavi]] – Indian model and actress, working in Telugu and Tamil industry. She is known for the films [[Avakai Biryani|Aavakai Biryani]], [[Pilla Zamindar|Pilla Jamindar]], [[Rama Rama Krishna Krishna]], [[Kazhugu (2012 film)]], [[Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga]]. She also participated in [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 1)]] and she emerged as the 4th runner up.

===Wildcard entrant ===
{{Red|'''Warrior'''}}
*[[Baba Bhaskar]] – Dance choreographer, director who works mainly in Tamil and Telugu language films. He also appears in ''Ishmart Jodi 2'', ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)|Cook with Comali 2]]'' as a contestant and television Judge in dance reality shows. He became second runner-up in [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)]].

== Weekly summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="5" |Week 1
|'''Entrances'''
|'''Ashu, Mahesh Vitta, Mumaith khan, Ajay Khaturvar, Sravanathi Chokkarapu, Rj Chaitu, Ariyana Glory, Natraj Master, Shree Rapaka, Anil Rathod, Mithraaw Sharma, Tejaswi Madivada, Sarayu Roy, Anchor Siva, Bindu Madhavi, Hamida Khatoon, and Akhil Sarthak''' entered the Bigg Boss house as Original Entrants.
|-
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Ariyana, Chaitu, Hamida, Mithraaw, Mumaith, Nataraj, and Sarayu''' were nominated for Week 1 eviction process.
|-
| style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|None
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Ariyana, Chaitu, Hamida, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Sarayu''' were declared safe from Week 1 Eviction.
|-
|style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Mumaith khan''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 2
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|''' Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Ashu, Hamida, Mitraww, Shree, Mahesh, Mitraww, Natraj, Shiva, and Sarayu''' are nominated for Week 2 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
| '''Tejaswi Madivadais''' was the House Captain of Week 2. '''Nataraj Master''' was the Ration Manager of Week 2.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved Contestants'''
|''' Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Ashu, Hamida, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Nataraj, Sarayu, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 2 Eviction.
|-
|style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Shree Rapaka''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 3
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Ajay, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Chaitu, Hamida, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Nataraj, Shiva, Sravanthi, and tejaswi''' are nominated for Week 3 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Anil Rathod''' was the House Captain of Week 3. '''Ariyana Glory''' was the Ration Manager of Week 3.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved Contestants'''
| '''Ajay, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Hamida, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Nataraj, Shiva, Sravanthi, and tejaswi''' were declared safe from Week 3 Eviction.
|-
|style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Rj Chaitu''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 4
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Ajay, Anil, Ariyana, Bindu, Mithraaw, Sarayu, and Shiva''' are nominated for Week 4 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Anil Rathod''' was the House Captain of Week 4. '''Hamida Khatoon''' was the Ration Manager of Week 4.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Ajay, Anil, Ariyana, Bindu, Mithraaw, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 4 Eviction.
|-
|style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Sarayu Roy''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 5
|-
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Anil, Ariyana, Ashu, Bindu, Mithraaw, Shiva, Sravanthi, and Tejaswi''' are nominated for Week 5 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Nataraj Master''' was the House Captain of Week 5. '''Bindu Madhavi''' was the Ration Manager of Week 5.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Anil, Ariyana, Ashu, Bindu, Mithraaw, Shiva, and Sravanthi''' were declared safe from Week 5 Eviction.
|-
|style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Tejaswi Madivadais''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 6
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Ajay, Ashu, Bindu, Hamida, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Mumaith, Nataraj, Shiva, and Sravanthi''' are nominated for Week 5 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Akhil Sarthak''' was the House Captain of Week 6. '''Hamida Khatoon''' was the Ration Manager of Week 6.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Ajay, Ashu, Bindu, Hamida, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 6 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
| '''Mumaith khan''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote. '''Sravanathi Chokkarapu''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 7
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Bindu, Mahesh, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Shiva''' are nominated for Week 7 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Ashu''' was the House Captain of Week 7. '''Ariyana Glory''' was the Ration Manager of Week 7.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Bindu, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 7 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
| '''Mahesh Vitta''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 8
|'''Entrances'''
| '''Baba Bhaskar''' entered the Secret room as Wildcard.
|-
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Akhil, Ajay, Anil, Ashu, and Hamida''' are nominated for Week 8 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Anchor Shiva''' was the House Captain of Week 8. '''Hamida Khatoon''' was the Ration Manager of Week 8.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Akhil, Anil, Ashu, and Hamida''' were declared safe from Week 8 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
| '''Ajay Kumar''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 9
|'''Entrances'''
| '''Ashu Mother, Anchor Shiva Sister, Nataraj Master Wife and Daughter''' '''Ariyana Glory Friend, Akhil Sarthak Mother, Mithraaw Sharma Friend''' '''Hamida Khatoon Brother, Anil Rathod Sister, and Bindu Madhavi Father''' entered house as guest.
|-
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Anil, Ariyana, Bhaskar, Hamida, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Shiva''' are nominated for Week 9 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Akhil Sarthak''' was the House Captain of Week 9. '''Baba Bhaskar ''' was the Ration Manager of Week 9.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Anil, Ariyana, Bhaskar, Mithraaw, Nataraj, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 9 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Hamida Khatoon''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 10
|'''Entrances'''
| '''Siri Hanmanth, Maanas Nagulapalli, Ravi Kiran, Shanmukh Jaswanth, and VJ Sunny''' entered the Bigg Boss as guests to conduct the Eviction Free Pass contender Task.
|-
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Ashu, Bindu, Mithraaw, and Shiva''' are nominated for Week 10 Nominations.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Baba Bhaskar''' was the House Captain of Week 10. '''Baba Bhaskar ''' was the Ration Manager of Week 10.
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Akhil, Anil, Ariyana, Bindu, Mithraaw, and Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 10 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
| '''Ashu''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 11
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Anil, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Bhaskar, Mithraaw, Natraj, Shiva''' are nominated for Week 11 Nominations
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|None
|-
|style="background:#FBF373;" |'''Saved contestants'''
|'''Anil, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Bhaskar, Mithraaw, Shiva''' were declared safe from Week 11 Eviction.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
|'''Natraj Master''' was evicted from the Bigg Boss House after facing the public vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="11" |Week 12
|style="background:#959FFD;" |'''Nominations'''
|'''Anil, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Bhaskar, Mithraaw, Shiva''' are nominated for Week 12 Nominations
|-
|style="background:#cfc;" |'''House Captain'''
|None
|-
| style="background:#BFFF00" |'''Finalist'''
| '''Anil, Akhil, Ariyana, Bindu, Bhaskar, Mithraaw, Shiva''' are the finalist of Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1.
|-
| style="background:salmon;"|'''Exits'''
| None
|-
|style="background:Yellow; | '''6th runner-up'''
| On Day 84, '''Anil Rathod''' was declared as 6th Runner up after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non-stop Season 1
|-
|-
|style="background:Beige; | '''5th runner-up'''
| On Day 84, '''Baba Bhaskar''' was declared as 5th Runner up after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non-stop Season 1
|-
|style="background:#FF69B4; | '''4th runner-up'''
| On Day 84, '''Mithraaw Sharma''' was declared as 4th Runner up after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non-stop Season 1
|-
|style="background:#DDA0DD; | '''3rd runner-up'''
|On Day 84, '''Ariyana Glory''' accepts 10 lakhs rupees and walked out of the house and declared as 3rd Runner up for Bigg Boss Non-stop Season 1
|-
|style="background:#7FFFD4; | '''2nd runner-up'''
|On Day 84, '''Shiva''' was declared as 2nd Runner up after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non- stop Season 1
|-
|style="background:#D1E8EF; |'''1st runner-up'''
| On Day 84, '''Akhil Sarthak''' declared as 1st Runner after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non-stop Season 1
|-
|style="background:#73FB76; |'''Winner'''
| On Day 84, '''Bindu Madhavi''' declared as winner after facing public vote for Bigg Boss Non -stop Season 1
|}

== Nomination table ==



<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; font-family: sans-serif; line-height:15px;"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 0.1%;" |
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 1
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 2
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 3
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 4
! colspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 5
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 6
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 8
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 9
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 10
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%;" | Week 11
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:gold; width: 4%;" | Week 12
|-
!Day 29
!Day 30
|- style="background:#87CEEB;"
! colspan="2" |Nominees For Captaincy
| rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''No Captain''
|Akhil Ariyana Mahesh Nataraj Sarayu Tejaswi
|Anil Ariyana Chaitu Hamida Shiva Shree
|Ajay Anil Ariyana Ashu Chaitu Hamida Shiva
| colspan="2" |Ajay Anil Ashu Mahesh Nataraj Sarayu Shiva Tejaswi
| Akhil Ajay Ashu Bindu Mumaith Shiva Sravanthi
|Ashu Hamida Mumaith Shiva
|Mahesh Shiva Mithraaw Anil Nataraj
|Akhil Anil Bhaskar Mithraaw Shiva
|Ashu Bhaskar Bindu Mithraaw Nataraj
| colspan="5" rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''No Captain''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |House Captain
| rowspan="2" | '''Tejaswi'''
| rowspan="2" | '''Anil'''
| style="background:#58FAAC;" | '''Chaitu'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''Nataraj'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Akhil'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Ashu'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Shiva'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Akhil'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Bhaskar'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| '''Anil'''
|-
! colspan="2" |Captain's Nomination
| Anil
| Mahesh Mithraaw
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Tejaswi Sravanthi
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Bindu Mithraaw
| Mahesh
| Ashu Akhil
| Shiva Hamida
| Shiva Ashu
|-
! colspan="2" |Ration Manager
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No Manager''
| Nataraj
| Ariyana
| Hamida
| colspan="2" |Bindu
| Hamida
| Ariyana
| Hamida
| colspan="2" | Bhaskar
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |''No Manager''
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" |Vote to:
! colspan="3" |Evict
! Task/Evict
! Evict
!Task
!Evict
!Task/Evict
! colspan="4" |Evict
! colspan="4" |WIN
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="background:lightGreen" |
!Bindu
|Akhil Mumaith
|Nataraj Sarayu
|Tejaswi Akhil
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Ariyana Ashu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Swapped with Tejaswi (1st)'' ''& Mahesh (2nd)''
|Nataraj Ashu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Akhil Bindu
|Akhil Ajay
|Shiva Mithraaw
|Mithraaw Shiva
|Mithraaw Akhil Nataraj
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center;" |'''''Winner''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background: tomato" |
!Akhil
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Shiva
|Shiva Chaitu
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Mahesh Mithraaw
|style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|style="background:#959FFD;" |Akhil Bindu
|Ariyana Bindu
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Shiva Ariyana
|Bindu Anil Shiva
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|colspan="3" style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |'''''1st runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:lightgreen" |
!Shiva
|Sarayu Mumaith
|Sarayu Akhil
|Nataraj Akhil
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Mithraaw Ajay
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Mithraaw Mahesh
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Nataraj Shiva
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Nataraj Mithraaw
|Ashu Akhil
|Nataraj Mithraaw Akhil
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#7FFFD4" ; text-align:center;" |'''''2nd runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Ariyana
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Shree
|Tejaswi Mithraaw
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Sarayu Hamida
|Mahesh Anil
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Mithraaw Bindu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Ariyana
|Ashu Akhil
|Nataraj Hamida
|Shiva Mithraaw
|Mithraaw Anil Nataraj
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |'''''Walked, 3rd runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:lightGreen" |
!Mithraaw
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Ariyana Nataraj
|Ashu Hamida
|Shiva Chaitu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Mahesh Shiva
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Mahesh Shiva
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Mithraaw
|Ashu Bindu
|Shiva Bindu
|Ariyana Bindu
|Shiva Ariyana Bhaskar
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |'''''4th runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Bhaskar
| colspan="8" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#87CEFA;" |Bindu {{nowrap|(To save)}}
|Anil Mithraaw
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Anil Nataraj Mithraaw
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:Beige; text-align:center;" |'''''5th runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:lightGreen" |
!Anil
|Nataraj Sarayu
|Sarayu Hamida
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Mithraaw Ariyana
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Nataraj Mithraaw
|style="background:#959FFD;" |Anil
|Nataraj Ajay
|Nataraj Bhaskar
|Ariyana Ashu
|Akhil Bhaskar Ariyana
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|colspan="3" style="background:yellow; text-align:center;" |'''''6th runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 84)}}
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Nataraj
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Shiva
|Shiva Bindu
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Shiva Bindu Mithraaw Anil
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Sravanthi Bindu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Nataraj Shiva
|Anil Hamida
|Anil Ariyana
|Shiva Anil
|Bindu Ariyana Bhaskar
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 77)
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Ashu
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Mithraaw
|Mahesh Mithraaw
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Mahesh Bindu
|style="background:#FBF373;" |''Swapped with Sravanthi''
|Mithraaw Hamida
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Mithraaw Hamida
|Shiva Bhaskar
|Shiva Ariyana
| colspan="5" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 70)
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Hamida
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Mithraaw
|Ajay Sravanthi
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Ashu Ariyana
|style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Ashu Ajay
|style="background:#FBF373;" |Anil
|Ajay Ashu
|Ariyana Nataraj
| colspan="6" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 63)
|-
! style="background:lightgreen" |
!Ajay
|Sarayu Nataraj
|Sarayu Mahesh
|Hamida Mahesh
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Ariyana Shiva
|style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Mahesh Hamida
|style="background:#FBF373;" |Ariyana
|Anil Hamida
| colspan="7" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 56)
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Mahesh
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Anil
|Ajay Nataraj
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Ashu Ariyana Akhil Ajay Shiva Tejaswi
|Mithraaw Ashu
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Swapped with Bindu''
|Mumaith Mithraaw
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Mithraaw
| colspan="8" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 49)
|-
! style="background:lightgreen" |
!Sravanthi
|Nataraj Hamida
|Sarayu Nataraj
|Hamida Mithraaw
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Anil Mahesh
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Swapped with Ashu''
|Mithraaw Nataraj
| colspan="9" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 42)
|-
! style="background:tomato" |
!Mumaith
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 7)
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" |''Exempt''
|Mahesh Mithraaw
| colspan="9" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 42)
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Tejaswi
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Ariyana Chaitu
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved''
|Ariyana Bindu
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Swapped with Bindu''
| colspan="10" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 35)
|-
! style="background:Tomato" |
!Sarayu
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|Shiva
|Sravanthi Ajay
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="12" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 28)
|-
! style="background:lightGreen" |
!Chaitu
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Hamida Nataraj
|Akhil Ariyana
|Tejaswi Mithraaw
| colspan="13" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 21)
|-
! style="background:lightgreen" |
!Shree
|Ariyana Nataraj
|Ariyana Sarayu
| colspan="14" style="background:salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 14)
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" |Notes
| ''[[#endnote 1|1]]'', ''[[#endnote 2|2]]''
| ''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| ''[[#endnote 4|4]]'', ''[[#endnote 5|5]]''
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 6|6]]''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
|''[[#endnote 8|8]]''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|''[[#endnote 9|9]]''
| colspan="4" |''[[#endnote 10|10]]'', ''[[#endnote 11|11]]'', ''[[#endnote 12|12]]'', ''[[#endnote 13|13]]''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
! colspan="2" |Against Public Vote
|Ariyana Chaitu Hamida Mithraaw Mumaith Nataraj Sarayu
|Akhil Anil Ariyana Ashu Hamida Mahesh Mithraaw Nataraj Sarayu Shiva Shree
|Ajay Akhil Ariyana Bindu Chaitu Hamida Mahesh Mithraaw Nataraj Shiva Sravanthi Tejaswi
|Ajay Anil Ariyana Bindu Mithraaw Sarayu Shiva
|colspan="2" |Anil Ariyana <s>Ashu</s> Bindu <s>Mahesh</s> Mithraaw Shiva Sravanthi Tejaswi
|Ajay Ashu Bindu Hamida Mahesh Mithraaw Mumaith Nataraj Shiva Sravanthi
|Akhil Anil Ariyana Bindu Mahesh Mithraaw Nataraj Shiva
|Ajay Akhil Anil Ashu <s>Bindu</s> Hamida
|Anil Ariyana Bhaskar Hamida Mithraaw Nataraj Shiva
|Akhil Anil Ariyana Ashu Bindu Mithraaw Shiva
|Akhil Anil Ariyana Bhaskar Bindu Mithraaw Nataraj Shiva
| colspan="4" | Akhil Anil Ariyana Bhaskar Bindu Mithraaw Shiva
|- style="background:#0abab5 ;" |
! colspan="2" | Best Performer
|'''Mahesh'''
|'''Nataraj'''
|'''Mithraaw'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| colspan="2" | '''Hamida'''
|'''Ariyana'''
|'''Mithraaw'''
|'''Hamida'''
| colspan="7" rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|- style="background:#fad1d0 ;" |
! colspan="2" | Worst Performer
|'''Nataraj'''
|'''Mahesh'''
|'''Shiva'''
| colspan="2" |'''Mithraaw'''
|'''Bindu'''
|'''Ashu'''
|'''Mithraaw'''
|- style="background:#87CEFA;"
! colspan="2" |Secret Room
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|'''Bhaskar'''
|- style="background:#DAFF99"
! colspan="2" |Re-Entered
| colspan="2" |'''Mumaith'''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|- style="background:salmon;" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Evicted
| rowspan="2" | '''Mumaith'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Shree'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Chaitu'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Sarayu'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |'''Tejaswi'''
| rowspan="1" |'''Mumaith'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Mahesh'''
| rowspan="2" | '''Ajay'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Hamida'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Ashu'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Nataraj'''
| style="background:yellow" |'''Anil'''
| style="background:#FF69B4; " |'''Mithraaw'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''Shiva'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#73FB76;" |'''Bindu'''
|-
| style="background:salmon;" |'''Sravanthi'''
| style="background:beige;" |'''Bhaskar'''
|Bgcolor=#fcf|'''Ariyana'''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''Akhil'''
|}
</blockquote>

===Notes===
: {{Color box|tomato|border=silver}} indicates the contestant is ''Warrior''
: {{Color box|lightgreen|border=silver}} indicates the contestant is ''Challenger''
: {{Color box|#C2DFFF|border=silver}} indicates the Nominees for house captaincy.
: {{Color box|#cfc|border=silver}} indicates the House Captain.
:{{Color box|#58FAAC|border=silver}} indicates the former House Captain. (House Captain would have been stripped off the captaincy i.e., evicted/ejected/walked out after being nominated as the Captain)
: {{Color box|#959FFD|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction prior to the regular nominations process.
: {{Color box|#FBF373|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was granted immunity from nominations.
: {{Color box|#73FB76|border=silver}} indicates the winner.
: {{Color box|#D1E8EF|border=silver}} indicates the first runner up.
: {{Color box|#7FFFD4|border=silver}} indicates the second runner up.
: {{Color box|#DDA0DD|border=silver}} indicates the third runner up.
: {{Color box|#FF69B4|border=silver}} indicates the fourth runner up.
: {{Color box|#FF00FF|border=silver}} indicates the fifth runner up.
: {{Color box|#FDD5B1|border=silver}} indicates the sixth runner up.
: {{Color box|#0abab5|border=silver}} indicates the contestant as ''Best Performer'' of the week.
: {{Color box|#fad1d0|border=silver}} indicates the contestant as ''Worst Performer'' of the week.
: {{color box|#87CEFA|border=silver}} indicates that the housemate went to secret room.
: {{Color box|#DAFF99|border=silver}} indicates the contestant has re-entered the house.
: {{Color box|#fcf||border=silver}} indicates the contestant has walked out of the show.
: {{Color box|salmon|border=silver}} indicates the contestant has been evicted.

*{{Note|1|Note 1}}: All the Challengers had to nominate two Warriors by representing them with a hashtag.
*{{Note|2|Note 2}}: All the Warriors had to select any two of the challengers to get directly nominated with a majority of decision. As a result, Chaitu and Mitraaw were nominated.
*{{Note|3|Note 3}}: All the Warriors had to nominate only one Challenger and all Challengers had to nominate two Warriors.
*{{Note|4|Note 4}}: Chaitu was stripped off the captaincy after he was evicted on Day 21. He choose Anil to take up Captain duties but didn't receive immunity.
*{{Note|5|Note 5}}: Week 5's nominations were part of a task.
*{{Note|6|Note 6}}: On day 30, Bigg Boss gave an Immunity Task. In each round Ashu, Bindu and Mahesh won the task saved themselves from nominations and they were replaced by save housemates' decision. They chose Sravanthi, Tejaswi and Bindu respectively.
*{{Note|7|Note 7}}: In Week 7's nominations part, Bigg Boss paired-up the housemates and asked them to mutually decide to nominate one and save one.
*{{Note|8|Note 8}}: While the other housemates nominated Bindu, Bhaskar saved her after the nominations.
*{{Note|9|Note 9}}: For this week, housemates had to choose three housemates not deserving to be in Top 5. But all housemates were nominated by Bigg Boss.
*{{note|10|Note 10}}: On Day 77, ''Akhil'', ''Anil'', ''Ariyana'', ''Bhaskar'', ''Bindu'', ''Mithraaw'' and ''Shiva'' announced as Top 7 finalists.
*{{note|11|Note 11}}: On Day 84, ''Anil'' become as 6th runner-up, ''Bhaskar'' became as 5th runner-up and ''Mithraaw'' become as 4th runner-up.
*{{note|12|Note 12}}: On Day 84, ''Ariyana'' accepted 10 lakh rupees from prize money then she walked out of the house and become as 3rd runner-up while Shiva became as 2nd runner-up.
*{{note|13|Note 13}}: On Day 84, ''Bindu'' won the title and ''Akhil'' become as 1st runner-up.

==Guest appearance==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
! width="2%" style="background:#191970; color:white; " | Week(s)
! width="2%" style="background:#191970; color:white; " | Day(s)
! width="40%" style="background:#191970; color:white; " | Guest(s)
! width="30%" style="background:#191970; color:white; " | Purpose of Visits
|-
| align="center" |'''Week 2'''
|align=center |'''Day 13'''
| [[Raj Tarun]] and [[Varsha Bollamma]]
| To promote their film ''[[Stand Up Rahul]]''
|-
| align="center" |'''Week 3'''
|align=center |'''Day 20'''
| [[Ohmkar]]
| To interact with housemates
|-
| align="center" | '''Week 4'''
| align="center" | '''Day 27'''
|[[Siddhu Jonnalagadda]] and [[Neha Shetty]]
|To celebrate success of their film ''[[DJ Tillu]]''
|-
| align="center" | '''Week 5'''
| align="center" | '''Day 34'''
|[[Suma Kanakala]]
|To promote her film ''Jayamma Panchayathi''
|-
| rowspan="20" align="center" |'''Week 9'''
| align="center" rowspan="3" |'''Day 60'''
|Yamuna (Shiva's Sister)
| rowspan="9" |Entered the house as a part of "BB Campus" Luxury Budget Task guest.
|-
|Yashoda (Ashu's Mother)
|-
|Neetu and Lakshya (Nataraj's Wife and Daughter)
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" |'''Day 61'''
|Ravi Teja (Ariyana's Friend)
|-
|Durga (Akhil's Mother)
|-
|Bala Chandra (Mithraaw's Friend)
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" |'''Day 62'''
|Meharaj (Hamida's Brother)
|-
|Swathi (Anil's Sister)
|-
|Bhasker (Bindu's Father)
|-
| align="center" rowspan="11" |'''Day 63'''
|Gangadhar (Mithraaw's Brother) and Siri Hanmanth from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]'' (Mithraaw's Friend)
| rowspan="10" |To support the top 10 housemates and to predict the top 5 Finalists of the season.
|-
|Ramulu and Abhimanika (Anil's Father and Friend)
|-
|Abhi and Syed Sohel from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]'' (Akhil's Friends)
|-
|Muggu and Devi Nagavalli from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]'' (Ariyana's Friends)
|-
|Hamida's Mother and Anee from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]'' (Hamida's Friend)
|-
|Danush and [[Shanmukh Jaswanth]] from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]'' (Shiva's Friends)
|-
|Bhanu and [[Rahul Sipligunj]] from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)|Bigg Boss 3]]'' (Ashu's Friends)
|-
|Revathi (Baba Bhaskar's Wife)
|-
|Varalaxmi (Nataraj's Mother) and Priyanka Singh from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]'' (Nataraj's Friend)
|-
|Nirmala (Bindu's Mother) and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] (Bindu's Friend)
|-
|Meraj (Hamida's Brother)
|To take Hamida from the House as she was Evicted.
|-
| align="center" rowspan="5" |'''Week 10'''
| align="center" |'''Day 65'''
|Siri Hanmanth from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]''
| rowspan="4" |To conduct Eviction Free Pass contender Task.
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 66'''
|Maanas Nagulapalli from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 67'''
|Ravi Kiran from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 68'''
|[[Shanmukh Jaswanth]] from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 69'''
|Sunny from ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)|Bigg Boss 5 - Winner]]''
|To conduct Final Round of Eviction Free Pass Task.
|-
| align="center" rowspan="4" |'''Week 11'''
| align="center" |'''Day 73'''
|[[Vishwak Sen]], Ritika Naik and [[Rukshar Dhillon]]
|To promote their film ''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 74'''
|[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Jeevitha]] and [[Anup Rubens]]
|To promote their film ''Sekhar''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 75'''
|[[Anasuya Bharadwaj]]
|To promote her show ''Super Singer Juniors''
|-
| align="center" |'''Day 76'''
|[[Taraka Ratna]], [[Madhu Shalini]] and [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]]
|To promote their web series ''9 Hours''
|-
| rowspan="5" align="center" |'''Week 12'''
| rowspan="5" align="center" |'''Grand Finale'''
|[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]
|To promote his movie [[Godse (film)|''Godse'']] and to escort [[Baba Bhaskar]] (5th runner up)
|-
|[[Daksha Nagarkar]] and [[Anketa Maharana|Apsara Rani]]
|Special Appearance
|-
|[[Adivi Sesh]], [[Saiee Manjrekar]] and [[Sobhita Dhulipala]]
|To promote their film [[Major (film)|''Major'']]
|-
|[[Anil Ravipudi]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Mehreen Pirzada]]
|To promote their film [[F3 (film)|''F3'']] and offered silver briefcase filled with cash.
|-
|[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
|To offer golden briefcase filled with cash.
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.hotstar.com/1260083643/ Official Website]

{{Big Brother}}
{{Bigg Boss (franchise)}}
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) seasons]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Telugu-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]

Apurbo Krishna Kunvar

2025-09-15T12:32:46Z

Gyani24: pg

{{Short description|19th-century Bengali Urdu and Persian poet from the Sovabazar royal family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix= ''[[Maharaja Bahadur]]''
| name = Apurbo Krishna Kunwar
| native_name = اپورب کشن دَیب بہادر کنورؔ
| native_name_lang = ur
| image =
| image_caption =
| birth_date = 1815
| birth_place = [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1867|1815}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India
| occupation = Poet, writer
| language = Urdu, Persian
| nationality = British Indian
| notable_works =
* ''Dīvān''
* ''Shahnamah''
| genre = Ghazal, epic, biography
| parents = Raja Rajkrishna Deb (father)
| relatives = [[Nabakrishna Deb]] (grandfather) [[Gopi Mohun Deb]] (step-uncle) [[Narendra Krishna Deb]] (younger brother)
}}

'''Apurbo Krishna Deb Bahadur "Kunvar"'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|অপূর্ব কৃষ্ণ দেব বাহাদুর}}, {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|اپورب کشن دَیب بہادر کنورؔ}}}}}} (1815 – 1867) was a poet and writer in [[Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] from [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]]. He belonged to the royal [[Sovabazar Raj]]. His name is mentioned in ''Tazkira Nuskha-e-Dilkashā'' by [[Janamejaya Mitra Arman]], and in ''Tazkira-i-Shu'ara-yi-Urdu'' by [[Garcin de Tassy]]. Apurbo Krishna was the author of a full ''[[Diwan (poetry)|Dīvān]]'', and his most distinguished literary work was a multi-volume ''Shahnamah'' dedicated to the Muslim monarchs of India. According to Harit Krishna Deb (his descendant), around 1848, he presented a four-volume manuscript of this ''Shahnamah'' to the [[American Oriental Society]], and became the first Indian to be made an honorary member of the society. This contribution is noted in the Society's 1849 annual report.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/bangali-hinduwon-ki-urdu-khidmat-shanti-ranjan-bhatta-charya-ebooks?lang=ur#114 |title=بنگالی ہندوؤں کی اردو خدمات |trans-title=The Urdu Contributions of Bengali Hindus |last=Bhattaacharya |first=Shanti Ranjan |author-link=Shanti Ranjan Bhattacharya |publisher=Hindustan Art Press |year=1963 |location=Calcutta |page=115}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Apurbo Krishna was born in 1815 into the royal family of [[Sovabazar Raj]], located in present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Jilani1989">{{cite book |last=Jilani |first=Abu Bakar |title=کنور (اپنی دو مثنویوں کی روشنی میں) |trans-title=Kunvar (In the Light of His Two Masnavis) |publisher=Calligraph Offset Printers |location=Calcutta |year=1989 |page=69 |language=ur |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/kunwar-apni-do-masnaviyon-ki-roshni-mein-abu-bakar-jilani-ebooks?lang=ur#67}}</ref> He received his early education at Dharmatala Academy School in [[Calcutta]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Shanti Ranjan|title=بنگالی ہندوؤں کی اردو خدمات|trans-title=The Urdu Contributions of Bengali Hindus|publisher=Hindustan Art Press|location=Calcutta|year=1963|page=117|language=ur|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/bangali-hinduwon-ki-urdu-khidmat-shanti-ranjan-bhatta-charya-ebooks?lang=ur#117}}</ref> From a young age, he showed a inclination towards [[Urdu poetry|poetry]] and adopted the pen name "Kunvar". He was admired for his melodious voice and was known to sing [[ghazal]]s accompanied by musical instruments every morning. Kunvar served as a court-poet at the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Bahadur Shah Zafar|imperial court]] in [[Delhi]].<ref name="Jilani1989"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnzaid&seq=8|title=Lives of Maha Raja Apurva Krishna Bahadur, poet laureat to His Imperial Majesty of Delhi, and member of the Hamburg Academy, &c. &c. &c., his father and grandfather ...|year=1846|language=en|access-date=13 July 2025|via=[[HathiTrust]]|page=8}}</ref> In the ''Masnavi-e-Kunvar'', there is a second [[panegyric]] that honors [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]], the final Mughal ruler of Delhi.{{sfn|Jilani|2007|p=22}} Some of his verses indicate that he was a devotee of [[Vaishnavism|Vishnu]]; notably, the first [[qasida]] of his [[masnavi]] opens with praise of [[Krishna]].{{sfn|Jilani|2007|p=21}}

He had two sons: Kumar Krishna and Upendra Krishna. He died in 1867 at the age of 52.{{sfn|Jilani|2007|p=21}}

== Works ==
* A four-volume Persian chronicle titled ''Shahnama-ye Hind''{{efn|شاهنامهٔ هند<ref>{{cite book|last=Naushahi|first=Arif|title=کتاب‌شناسى آثار فارسى چاپ شده در شبه قاره (هند، پاکستان، بنگلادش)|trans-title=Bibliography of Persian Works Published in the Indian Subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)|volume=4 |page=2488|url=https://noorlib.ir/book/view/34857/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4)-%D8%A7%D8%B2-1160-1386%D8%B4.-%7C-1195-1428%D9%87%D9%80-%7C-1781-2007%D9%85.?volumeNumber=4&sectionNumber=2&pageNumber=2488&viewType=pdf|publisher=Miras Maktoob|language=fa|date=2012|isbn=9789004406087|doi=10.1163/9789004406087|oclc=1266752246}}</ref>}} was presented to [[Queen Victoria]] in 1848. A copy of the same was also gifted to the [[American Oriental Society]].
* Two Urdu [[Diwan (poetry)|divān]]s (collections of poetry). The first was reportedly published in 1843 ([[Bengali year]] 1250), and is referenced in the Awadh Catalogue. The second, published in 1844 (Bengali year 1251), is preserved at the [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library]], Patna.
* Two Urdu [[masnavi]]s (narrative poems) titled ''Masnavi-e-Kunvar'' are housed in the [[Asiatic Society of Bengal]]. One carries a publication date of 1848, while the other is dated 1846.
* He also wrote a scholarly treatise on the [[Vedanta|Vedantic]] era of [[Hindu civilization]], though this work is now considered rare.
* According to Wafa Rashidi, Kunvar also launched a weekly journal titled ''Nizām-e-Shamsī'' in 1830.<ref>{{cite book|title=کنور ایک عظیم بنگالی شاعر|trans-title=Kunvar: A Great Bengali Poet|last=Jilani|first=Abu Bakar|publisher=Iqdar Kitab Ghar|year=1978|location=Calcutta|page=11|language=ur|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/kunwar-aik-azim-bengali-shayer-abu-bakar-jilani-ebooks?lang=ur#13}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Work cited ===
* {{cite book| last = Jilani| first = Abu Bakar| title = مثنویٔ کنور جہاندار شاہ و شہزادی حور|trans-title = The Masnavi of Kunvar: Jahandar Shah and Princess Hoor| publisher = Abu Bakar Jilani | location = Calcutta| page = 19-22|year=2007|language =ur|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnawi-e-kunwar-abu-bakar-jilani-ebooks}}

[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:19th-century Urdu-language writers]]

Metakani Temple

2025-09-07T17:34:15Z

Gyani24: brief adjusted information per standard format and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Temple in Odisha, India}}
Maa Metakani temple is located in a forest near to [[Ulunda]], of [[Subarnapur district]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]. People of this region say that this goddess is originated from a lady called "META".{{fact|date=October 2015}}

==See also==
* [[Subarnameru Temple]]
* [[Lankeswari Temple]]
* [[Patali Srikhetra]]

==External links==
*[http://subarnapur.nic.in/DSMSWEB/Training.pdf Maa Metakani]
*[https://kddf.wordpress.com/category/tourism-zones/sonepur-binka-charada-khaliapali-kotsamlai-birmaharajpur/ Goddess Metakani]

{{Shakti temples in Orissa}}

[[Category:Subarnapur district| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Subarnapur district]]

{{Odisha-hindu-temple-stub}}

Kaliyaganj railway station

2025-08-31T11:15:06Z

Gyani24: new new bio first draft.

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
'''Kaliyaganj railway station''' is an Indian [[List of train stations in India|train station]] which serves [[Kaliaganj]] in [[Uttar Dinajpur district]], West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2021-08-28 |title=Buniadpur-Kaliyaganj rail link work hit by funds crunch: NFR |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/buniadpur-kaliyaganj-rail-link-work-hit-by-funds-crunch-nfr-1502999866.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox station
| name = Kaliyaganj
| native_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = NS Road, Taltola, Kaliyaganj, West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.6390|88.3275|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|NFR]]
| line = [[Barsoi–Radhikapur branch line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 3
| other =
| structure = Standard on ground
| parking = Available
| status = Active
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KAJ
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Katihar}}
}}
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes (in 2023)
| former = Assam Behar State Railway
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Kaliyaganj
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| image_size =
}}

== History ==
{{stnlnk|Katihar}} was connected to [[Parbatipur Junction|Parbatipur]], now in Bangladesh, in 1889, by Assam Behar State Railway.<ref>{{cite web |title=IR History: Early Days II |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |access-date=2013-03-04 |publisher=IRFCA}}</ref>

With the [[partition of India]], links with East Pakistan were lost. The Barsoi–Radhikapur sector became a branch line. In the early 1960s, when [[Farakka Barrage]] was being constructed, a more radical change was made. Indian Railways created a new broad-gauge rail link from Calcutta.<ref name="njp">{{cite web |title=India: the complex history of the junctions at Siliguri and New Jalpaiguri |url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/rinbad-siliguri.html |access-date=2011-11-12 |publisher=IRFCA}}</ref>

The {{convert|2240|m|abbr=on}}-long Farakka Barrage carries a rail-cum-road bridge across the [[Ganges]]. The rail bridge was opened in 1971 thereby linking the [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]] to [[Malda Town railway station|Mala Town]], {{stnlnk|New Jalpaiguri}} and other railway stations in North Bengal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salman |first1=M. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GEr4fyDbqgC&pg=PA135 |title=Conflict and cooperation on South Asia's international rivers: a legal perspective |last2=Uprety |first2=Kishor |publisher=World Bank Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8213-5352-3 |pages=135–136 |access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>

== Platforms ==
There are a total of 2 platforms and 3 tracks. The platforms are connected by two [[foot overbridge]].

== Station layout ==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''G'''
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="100" valign="top" |Street level
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="400" valign="top" |Exit/Entrance & ticket counter
|-
| rowspan="6" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''P1'''
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Foot overbridge|FOB]], [[Side platform]], No-1 doors will open on the left/right
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |'''Track 1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |'''Track 2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |'''Track 3'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" |[[Foot overbridge|FOB]], [[Island platform]], No- 2 doors will open on the left/right
|-
|}

== Track layout ==
{{Routemap
| title = Kaliaganj track layout
| title-bg =
| collapsible = no
| legend = track
| float = none
| bottom = {{center|Station with three tracks and two side platforms}}
| map = cd!~\\CONTg\
cd!~\\STR\ENDEa
cd!~\ENDEa\KRWgl\KRWg+r
cd!~\KRWg+l\KRWgr\STR
cd!~\STRg\STR\STRf
cd!~\PSTR(R)\STR\PSTR(L) ~~ ~~ ~~ {{stnlnk| Radhikapur}}
cd!~\c*1\PSTR(R)\STR\PSTR(L)\c!~c*2
cd!~\PSTR(R)\STR\PSTR(L) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stnlnk| Barsoi Junction}}
cd!~\STRg\STR\STRf
cd!~\STR\KRWg+l\KRWgr
cd!~\KRWgl\KRWg+r\ENDEe
cd!~\ENDEe\CONTf\
}}

== Improvements ==
In 2006, the [[Barsoi–Radhikapur branch line]] had a meter gauge line which was replaced broad gauge line. In 2023 the electrification of this line was completed. It is a single electric-line.<ref>{{Cite web |last=roy |first=Joydeep |title=14 Departures from Kaliyaganj NFR/Northeast Frontier Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/kaliyaganj-kaj/2688 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> In 2023, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] launched the [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme]]. According to the scheme, the Ministry of Railways will redevelop railway stations across the country. It has been decided to transform 1309 stations to enhance the overall passenger experience including Kaliyaganj.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=Indian Railways to redevelop 135 stations in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra – Check full list here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-amrit-bharat-station-scheme-indian-railways-to-modernise-135-railway-stations-in-west-bengal-uttar-pradesh-and-maharashtra-check-full-list-3201269/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== Trains ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Trains halted in KAJ
!Train no.
!Name
!From
!To
!Arrival
!Departure
!Platform no.
|-
|13145
|[[Kolkata-Radhikapur Express]]
|KOAA
|RDP
|05:40
|05:42
|2
|-
|13054
|[[Kulik Intercity Express|Kulik Express]]
|RDP
|HWH
|05:58
|06:00
|1
|-
|13503
|Kulik Express
|HWH
|RDP
|18:00
|18:02
|1
|-
|13146
|Radhikapur-Kolkata Express
|RDP
|KOAA
|21:15
|21:17
|2
|-
|75706
|[[Siliguri - Radhikapur Express]]
|RDP
|SGUJ
|16:12
|16:14
|2
|}

==See also==
* [[Raiganj railway station]]
* [[Radhikapur railway station]]
* [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/kaliyaganj-kaj Trains at Radhikapur]
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left=Bangalbaree|to-left=Barsoi Junction|right=Dalimgaon|to-right=Radhikapur|type=[[Barsoi–Radhikapur branch line]]}}
{{Railways in Eastern India}}{{Uttar Dinajpur topics}}{{Railway stations in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Katihar railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Uttar Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1879]]

Kodambakkam

2025-07-18T02:52:40Z

Gyani24: small adjusted information for clarity also after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kodambakkam
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline = Kodambakkam view.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Kodambakkam கோடம்பாக்கம் (Chennai)
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0535|N|80.2255|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| subdivision_type4 = Zone
| subdivision_name4 = ZONE 10 – Kodambakkam Zone
| subdivision_type5 = Ward
| subdivision_name5 = Ward No. 127,130,131,133,134
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Mambalam Taluk
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 63
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600024
| registration_plate = TN-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Chennai South
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Theagarayanagar (T Nagar)
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Greater Chennai Corporation
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kodambakkam''' (also known as '''K-Town'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Corona hits K-Town: Shoots disrupted, releases pushed – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/corona-hits-k-town-shoots-disrupted-releases-pushed/articleshow/74693033.cms |access-date=28 July 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=18 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Kollywood''') is a business and residential neighbourhood in Central [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The neighbourhood is served by [[Kodambakkam railway station]] of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]]. Kodambakkam has a high concentration of film studios and has been known for its status as the hub of the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]], lending its name to the industry's monicker [[Kollywood]], a [[portmanteau]] of Kodambakkam and [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Vasudevan|first=Ravi|title=Keywords for India : a Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century.|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|year=2020|isbn=978-1-350-03927-8|location=London|pages=80–81|chapter=Bollywood|oclc=1134074309}}</ref>

== Location ==
Kodambakkam is situated at 13.0481 N latitude and 80.2214 E longitude. It is one of the westerly located neighbourhoods of Chennai city. It is bounded by the neighbourhoods of [[Nungambakkam]] to the east, [[West Mambalam]] and [[T. Nagar]] to the south, [[Vadapalani]] to the west, [[Choolaimedu]] to the north and [[K. K. Nagar, Chennai|K. K. Nagar]] and [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]] to the south-west.

Kodambakkam is located at a distance of 8 kilometres from [[Fort St. George]].

== Etymology ==

It is believed that the name "Kodambakkam" itself might have been derived from the [[Urdu]] word ''Ghoda Bagh'' meaning "garden of horses".<ref>{{cite news |last=Manichandar|first=Athirupa|date=26 August 2012|title=K for Kodambakkam: A stitch through time|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/k-for-kodambakkam-a-stitch-through-time/article3821880.ece|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043942/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/k-for-kodambakkam-a-stitch-through-time/article3821880.ece|url-status=live }}</ref> Another version says that "Kodambakkam" derives its name from "Karkodagan Pakkam".<ref>{{cite web|date=30 October 2021|title=Kodambakkam Locality overview |website=PropertyPistol – Blog |url=https://www.propertypistol.com/blog/kodambakkam-locality-overview/|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606101831/https://www.propertypistol.com/blog/kodambakkam-locality-overview/|url-status=live }}</ref> Karkodagan is the name of a famous snake in Hindu mythology. It is said that the snake worshiped Lord [[Shiva]] here. There is still a temple for Lord Shiva by the name Vengeeshwarar in Kodambakkam. Several sculptures and images of the snake Karkodagan can be seen in the temple, even today. There is another etymology for this name from [[Soundarya Lahari]] according to Sudha Seshayyan. "Kodu-am-bakkam" Kodu means hill, am – denotes arrow. The place is associated with lord Shiva using the meru mountain as bow for destroying Tripura.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

== History ==
The neighbourhood of Kodambakkam has a history going back to about 2,000 years. During the period of the [[Pallavas]] and the [[Later Cholas]], the western part of Kodambakkam formed a portion of the historically important temple town of Vadapalani. One of the oldest temples in Kodambakkam is the Bharthukesavar temple which is over 500 years old.

Present-day Kodambakkam originated in the 17th and 18th centuries CE, when it supposedly served as source for the [[horse]]s of the stable of the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]].

Under the British, Kodambakkam was administered as a [[municipality]] in [[Chingleput district]] till the draining of the Long Tank in 1921, when Kodambakkam was incorporated into the Madras city and formed the Kodambakkam-Saligrammam-Puliyur district of Greater Madras along with other localities to the west of the now extinct Long Tank, with a population of 497 people in 1939. Kodambakkam also played an important role in the Anti-Hindi agitations of 1938 when [[Maraimalai Adigal]] presided over a conference denouncing the [[imposition of Hindi]] in the [[Madras Presidency]] on 3 June 1938.<ref name="anti-hindi_chronology">{{cite web|title=A Chronology of Anti-Hindi Agitations in Tamil Nadu, India |publisher=Tamil Tribune |url=http://www.tamiltribune.com/03/0101-anti-hindi-agitation-history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730075305/http://www.tamiltribune.com/03/0101-anti-hindi-agitation-history.html |archive-date=2010-07-30 }}</ref>

The first movie studio was established by [[Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar]] in 1948. Since then, a number of other movie studios have been established, notable among them being [[L. V. Prasad]] Studios and Vijaya Vauhini studios. '''Liberty theatre''' which was the oldest movie theater in Chennai was based here too, it was the place to be seen in the 1950s for movie premieres. However, the theater been demolished in the year 2010 and been replaced by a hotel and condos.
[[File:Uiclibertytheatre.jpg|thumb|Liberty theatre - once a famous land mark in Kodambakkam]]

== Infrastructure ==
[[File:ChennaiSuburbanRailway Kodambakkam.jpg|thumb|Kodambakkam Railway Station]]
The neighbourhood got one of the city's first flyovers in 1967.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Hemalatha
| first = Karthikeyan
| title = OMR, Alandur: Alandur is worst yet has brightest future
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 5 July 2013
| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2013/07/05&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00403&ViewMode=HTML
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927121222/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2013/07/05&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00403&ViewMode=HTML
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 27 September 2015
| access-date = 6 Jul 2013}}</ref> It is 623 m long and 12.8 m wide and connects the localities of [[K. K. Nagar, Chennai|K. K. Nagar]], [[Vadapalani]], and [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]]. The district is also home to the [[Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College]], which is affiliated to [[Anna University]].

== Religion ==
There are old temples dedicated to Lord Shiva namely Vengeeswarar Temple and Bharadvajeswarar (Valeswarar) Temple belonging to 13th Century built during Chola Period. One of the oldest [[mosque]] in [[Chennai]] named Puliyur Juma Masjid is situated here.

== Film industry ==
Kodambakkam is the centre of the [[Tamil film industry]] known as [[Kollywood]], a [[portmanteau]] of Kodambakkam and [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. [[A.V.M. Productions|A. V. M. Studios]] established by [[Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar]] was the first movie studio to be established in Vadapalani-Kodambakkam. The Vijaya Vauhini Studios was established a little later followed by Prasad Labs in 1974. Today, many Tamil movie studios are located in and around Kodambakkam.

Residences of many film and television stars are located in and around Kodambakkam due to proximity to the movie studios. A film directors' colony situated in Kodambakkam is the home of many Tamil film directors and producers.

Indian Music Composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]]'s self-owned Musical Studio "ILAIYARAAJA Studios" is located at Kodambakkam High Road.

Indian music director [[A. R. Rahman]]'s house and his office [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]] is located in the same street.

== Localities ==
Some of the localities of Kodambakkam include:
* Rangarajapuram
* [[Trustpuram]]
* [[United India Colony]]
* Vishwanthapuram
* Ganga Nagar
* Dhanakodiammal Street
* Power House

== References ==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* Neighbourhood Newspaper in kodambakkam http://arcotroadtalk.in
* Entertainment for kids in kodambakkam http://riyatoyslibrary.com
{{Commons category|Kodambakkam}}

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Neighbourhoods adjacent to Kodambakkam'''
|Northwest = MMDA Colony
|North = [[Choolaimedu]]
|Northeast = [[Nungambakkam]]
|West = [[Vadapalani]]
|Centre = Kodambakkam
|East = [[T.Nagar]]
|Southwest = [[K. K. Nagar, Chennai|K. K. Nagar]]
|South = [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]]
|Southeast = [[West Mambalam]]
}}
{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Chennai district}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Tokari

2025-07-11T01:43:26Z

Gyani24: Put Up Entry

{{Short description|Stringed musical instrument}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name= Tokari
|image=File:Singer playing 'Tokari'.jpg
|caption=A Singer playing 'Tokari'
|background=string
|classification=* [[String instruments]]
|range=
|related=
*Dotora
*[[Sitar]]
*[[Guitar]]
}}
The '''Tokari''' ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: টোকাৰী) is a stringed instrument played with the fingertips.<ref>{{cite web|title=TOKARI |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/musical-instruments/tat-vadya/tokari|accessdate=21 Feb 2023|publisher=Indian Culture Portal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=টোকাৰী |url=https://www.xobdo.org/dic/tokari|accessdate=21 Feb 2023|website=Xobdo.org}}</ref> The Tokari is the most widely used and popular stringed instruments in different parts of [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Lila Gogoi|Gogoi Dr Leela]]|title=Oxomiya Lok-xahityor ruprekha|edition=1st|pages=91–96|language=Assamese|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452090/mode/1up}}</ref> It is an ancient folk instrument of Assam. The instrument is usually made by covering a shell of Mango or Cham wood with the skin of a [[goat]].<ref>{{cite web|title=টোকাৰী |url=https://as.vikaspedia.in/education/9859b89ae9f0-9b89829b89cd9959c39a49bf/9859b89ae9f0-9ac9be9a69cd9af-9af9a89cd9a49cd9f0/99f9959be9f09c0|accessdate=21 Feb 2023|publisher=Vikaspedia|language=Assamese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anvesha.co.in/tokari_en.htm |title=Tokari |publisher=Anvesha.co.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527231544/http://www.anvesha.co.in/tokari_en.htm |archive-date=2016-05-27 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> It has many similarities to the "Dotara",<ref name="Barthakur2003">{{cite book|author=Dilip Ranjan Barthakur|title=The Music And Musical Instruments Of North Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP4vH-4oSEcC&dq=tokari+instrument&pg=PA131|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-881-5|pages=131–}}</ref> another such folk instrument prevalent in southern Assam. The Tokari is slightly larger and wider than the Dotora. It also has many similarities to the [[Ruan (instrument)|Ruan]], a Chinese musical instrument.<ref name="Barthakur2003"/>

==Etymology==
It is believed that the name ''Tokari'' derives from the Assamese word "tokar" ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: টোকৰ), meaning the sound produced by knocking.<ref name="Barthakur2003"/>

==Uses==
Tokari is usually played with [[Tokari geet]]. A tokari can be also played with [[Dihanaam]], Deh Bichar Geet, Bairagi geet, Phul Kowar aru Mani Konwaror geet, Maniram Dewanor geet, Assamese religious songs, Jikir and Jari etc.<ref name="anveshatokari">{{cite book |title=অসমৰ বাদ্যযন্ত্ৰ:টোকাৰী | publisher=Beena Mondir | author=Dharmeswar Boruah | year=2005 | pages=44}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Music of Assam]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]

{{String-instrument-stub}}

Ashish Shah

2025-07-02T21:20:58Z

Gyani24: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Pepperfry]]

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

2025-05-04T16:11:32Z

Gyani24: biography...

{{Short description|Agricultural research center in Haryana, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| native_name =
| image_name = Logo of Central Soil Salinity Research Institute.jpg
| image_size = 110px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| mottoeng =
| established = 1969
| closed =
| type = Registered Society
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor =
| president =
| head_label = Director
| head = Dr. RK Yadav
| total_staff = 301
| students =
| city = [[Karnal]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| province =
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|29|42|29|N|76|57|11|E|}}
| campus = Zarifa Farm
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| sports =
| other_name = CSSRI
| mascot =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|http://www.cssri.res.in}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Central Soil Salinity Research Institute''' ('''CSSRI''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acronymfinder.com/CSSRI.html |title=CSSRI - Definition by AcronymFinder |publisher=Acronymfinder.com |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> is an autonomous institute of higher learning, established under the umbrella of [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) by the [[Ministry of Agriculture]], [[Government of India]] for advanced research in the field of [[soil sciences]]. The institute is located on Kachawa Road in [[Karnal]], in the state of [[Haryana]], {{cvt|125|km}} from the Indian capital of [[New Delhi]].

== Profile ==
[[File:Salinity.jpg|thumb|150px|Salt-affected soils]]
[[File:Oryza sativa of Kadavoor.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Rice]]
[[File:Wheat close-up.JPG|thumb|right|150px]]
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) had its origin in [[Hisar (city)|Hisar, Haryana]], on 1 March 1969, as per recommendations of an Indo-American team, employed to assist the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] in developing a comprehensive [[water management]] program for India. However, by October 1969, the institute was shifted to its present premises in Karnal and a year later, the ''Central Rice Research Station'', [[Canning Town]], West Bengal was merged with CSSRI.

The institute has a satellite unit in Bharuch, which was originally started in Anand in 1989, but moved to [[Bharuch]] in 2003 and hosts the coordinating unit of AICRP on ''Management of Salt Affected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture'' with a network of eight research centres located in different agro ecological regions of the country at [[Agra]], Bapatala, [[Bikaner]], [[Gangawati]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Indore]], [[Kanpur]] and [[Tiruchirapalli]]. The coordinating unit of AICRP on Water Management was a part of CSSRI from early seventies till 1990 when it was moved to [[Rahuri]] in Maharashtra.

The main achievements of CSSRI may be listed as:
* Reclamation of [[alkaline]] soils with the addition of chemical amendments.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title=Central Soil Salinity Research Institute — 1. Reclamation and Management of Salt Affected Soils — 2. Use of Poor Quality Waters in Agriculture |url=http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/about_us/pdf/hrd_national_trainings_icar_cssri.pdf |access-date=July 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223439/http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/about_us/pdf/hrd_national_trainings_icar_cssri.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref>
* Reclamation of [[Saline soil|saline]] soils through subsurface drainage.
* Development and release of salt tolerant crop varieties of [[rice]], [[wheat]] and [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Reclamation of salt affected soils through salt tolerant trees.
* Development of for the salt affected areas of [[vertisols]] and coastal regions. The institute has reclaimed nearly {{convert|1.5|e6ha}} of salt affected land for productive use, producing approximately 15 million tons of food grains annually.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Development of subsurface drainage technology for waterlogged saline soils. Reclamation has been completed on approximately {{convert|50,000|ha}} of land in Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Replenishment of depleting [[water table]]s by artificial [[ground water]] recharge.

CSSRI manages an International Training Centre under an Indo-Dutch collaboration since 2001. It offers postgraduate-level programs in association with state agricultural universities (SAUs), [[Indian Institute of Technology]] (IIT) and other universities.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

The institute has undertaken several national and international projects.
* International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irri.org |title=Rice science for a better world |publisher=IRRI.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> sponsored rice improvement program<ref>{{cite web|title=Council for Partnership on Rice Research in Asia|url=http://irri.org/networks/council-for-partnership-on-rice-research-in-asia |access-date=July 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625140858/http://irri.org/networks/council-for-partnership-on-rice-research-in-asia |archive-date=June 25, 2014 }}</ref>
* Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aciar.gov.au |title=ACIAR Homepage |publisher=Aciar.gov.au\access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> sponsored Indo-Australian program for wheat improvement<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aciar.gov.au/project/cse/2011/077 |title=Sustainable and resilient farming systems intensification in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (SRFSI) |publisher=ACIAR.gov.au |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* IRRI, [[Philippines]] and [[CIMMYT]], Mexico sponsored program of cereal based systems<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.cimmyt.org/tag/central-soil-salinity-research-institute/ |title=CIMMYT's Blog » Central Soil Salinity Research Institute |publisher=Blog.cimmyt.org |date=2015-03-27 |access-date=2015-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170654/http://blog.cimmyt.org/tag/central-soil-salinity-research-institute/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Divisions==
[[File:MagomeDrainage.jpg|thumb|upright|205px|left|An agricultural drainage channel]]
[[File:Groundwater flow.svg|thumb|right|Relative groundwater travel times|184x184px]]
[[File:Bingzhou Peninsula area - land reclamation - DSCF9204.JPG|thumb|Land reclamation in progress]]
The institute is engaged in multidisciplinary research activities which are carried out through four divisions.

===Division of Soil and Crop Management===

The Division conducts research on resource conservation technologies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Technology-answer-to-coastal-Gujarats-problems/articleshow/27428861.cms |title='Technology answer to coastal Gujarat's problems' - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> and cost effective farming system models. It prepares and maintains digital databases of salt affected soils and conducts periodic assessment of soil resources. It also focusses on [[agroforestry]] on salt affected soils.

===Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering===

The Division attends to the areas related to [[groundwater recharge]] technologies, [[subsurface drainage]] for amelioration of waterlogged saline soils and decision support systems for ground water contaminations. The Division has project partnership with INNO-Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geoinf.uni-jena.de/7232.0.html?&L=2 |title=APRA: Partner |publisher=Geoinf.uni-jena.de |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>

===Division of Crop Improvement===

Development of saline and alkaline tolerant crops such as [[rice]], [[wheat]] and [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] through conventional breeding and modern molecular and physiological approaches is the primary activity of the Division.<ref name="plantstress1">{{cite web |url=http://www.plantstress.com/Files/Salt_India.pdf |title=Success Stories on Development, Spread and Impact of Salt -Tolerant Varieties of Rice, Wheat and Mustard in India |publisher=Plantstress.com |access-date=2015-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074044/http://www.plantstress.com/Files/Salt_India.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>

===The Division of Social Science Research===

The Division is pursuing to evaluate and assess the socio-economic impact of the technologies developed by the institute. These technologies are transferred to the farmers and other stakeholders through frontline demonstrations, farmers’ fairs, exhibitions, and other extension methods. The development of human resources through trainings on reclamation and management of salt-affected soils and use of poor quality water in agriculture.

==Mandate==
'''Mandate''':<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Soil Salinity Research Institute — Mandate |url=http://cssri.nic.in/mandate.htm |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626234145/http://cssri.nic.in/mandate.htm |archive-date=26 June 2014 }}</ref> The institute is mandated with:<ref name="cssri1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=105 |title=About Institute |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* Conduct of basic and advanced research on reclamation and management of salt affected soils and development of suitable [[agrochemical]], biological and hydraulic technologies for the use of irrigation water for the development of various agro-ecological zones for sustainable production.
* Generation, assessment and propagation of preventive/[[ameliorative]] technology.
* Maintenance and dissemination of information on resource inventories for the management of salt affected soils and waters.
* Act as a fulcrum for researches on salinity management and coordination of research between the various universities, institutions and agencies in the country for developing and testing location–specific technologies.
* Provide advanced training and consultancy in salinity researches in India.
* Liaison with national and international agencies for the achievement of the above objectives.

==Regional Research Stations==
CSSRI has three regional stations for a wider national coverage, each located at [[Bharuch]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110&Itemid=110 |title=Bharuch, RRS |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> [[Canning Town]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=55 |title=Canning Town, RRS |publisher=cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=C.S.S.R.I., R.R.S., Canning Town |url=http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=26.803659&lon=80.923713&z=19&m=b&search=CSSRI%20RRS%20Canning%20town |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622201523/http://wikimapia.org/#y=47107623&x=37552343&z=18&l=0&m=a&v=2 |archive-date=22 June 2007 }}</ref> and [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=56 |title=Lucknow, RRS |publisher=Cssri.org |date=1999-10-27 |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/5864417/C-S-S-R-I-R-R-S-Lucknow |title=C.S.S.R.I., R.R.S., Lucknow |publisher=Wikimapia.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>

==Facilities==

===Publication and Supporting Service Unit===

PSS unit is responsible for information dissemination of the scientific researches of the institute and has published 233 research papers on national and international journals, published 25 books and 60 bulletins.

===Computer Centre===

The institute is equipped with a modern computer centre since 1988 which acts as the communication hub of the institute. The centre is supported by an ICT infrastructure, [[LAN]] network and modern hardware and software. It provides system support in the procurement, maintenance, training, [[Management information system|MIS reports]], document processing, conduct of computer based exams and IT support for administration. It also maintains the web site of the institute.

===Health Care Center===

The institute manages a ''[[Health care|Health Care Centre]]'' with the facility to accommodate 5 inpatients, a senior [[allopathic]] medical officer, a part-time [[ayurvedic]] medical officer, pharmacist, support staff, clinical laboratory with diagnostic equipment and a pharmacy. A modern fitness centre also operates in the health care centre.

===Library===

CSSRI [[library]] os a well stocked one, holding a collection of 14,668 books and 7967 bound journals, consisting of publications of [[FAO]], [[IRRI]], [[UNESCO]], [[ILRI]], ICID, [[International Food Policy Research Institute|IFPRI]], [[American Society of Agronomy|ASA]] and [[American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers|ASAE]]. The library subscribes to 69 national and 25 international journals other than 15 gratis journals. It also maintains a digital repository with digital magazines such as SOIL, AGRIS and Plant Gene.

===PME Cell===

[[File:Botanical Garden V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute.jpg|right|190px|thumb|Greenhouse]]
Research Priority setting, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) cell is the monitoring unit of the institute for assisting the scientists and scholars in the allocation of research areas and the monitoring and evaluation of the projects. It helps the scientists in the maintenance of database, report generation and compilation, generation and publication of research documents.

===Technology Management Unit===

Technology Management Unit is equipped with and manages:
* sodic and [[Saline soil|saline]] micro-plots for creating desired stress levels of sodicity and [[salinity]]
* environmentally controlled [[Green house|glass house]] for growing crops and monitoring their genetic resources
* [[Transgenic]] [[Greenhouse]], under Indo-US ABSP II program
* Central laboratory with modern equipment

The institute has an administrative department, a Hindi Cell and a workshop to attend to the relevant areas of activities.

==All India Coordinated Project for Research (AICRP)==
[[File:Canaldoddaghatta.jpg|thumb|180px|Irrigation canal near [[Channagiri]], [[Davangere District]], India]]
[[File:Faidherbia albida.JPG|thumb|Agroforestry]]

The institute is the coordinating unit for the All India Coordinated Project for Research on ''Management of Salt Affected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture''. The research is conducted at nine centres viz. [[Agra]], [[Bapatla]], [[Gangawati]], [[Kanpur]], [[Indore]], [[Bikaner]], [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Tiruchirapalli]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

The project is mandated with the responsibility to:
* Conduct survey and characterize the salt affected soils and the quality of ground water in various [[irrigation]] commands.
* Develop guidelines and standardize procedures for the assessment of irrigation waters.
* Conduct studies on the effect of poor quality water on soil and crops.
* Prescribe practice norms for utilization of water with high salinity/ alkalinity and toxic ions.
* Prepare strategies for the [[Land reclamation|reclamation]] of salt affected soils.
* Prescribe alternate methods of using salt affected soils by way of [[agroforestry]], bio-drainage and multi-enterprise cultivation such as medicinal and [[aromatic]] plants.
* Identify and develop crop [[cultivars]] and trees suitable for cultivation in salinity and alkalinity soil conditions.<ref name="plantstress1"/>

==Awards and recognitions==
CSSRI has been recognised for its efforts by way of several awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=24 |title=Awards |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* ICAR Best Institute Award for the year 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/107797/tnau-and-cssri-to-get-icar-best-institution-award/ |title=TNAU and CSSRI to get 'ICAR Best Institution Award' - India Environment Portal | News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development | India, South Asia |publisher=India Environment Portal |date=1999-07-16 |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* "Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award" for the year 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icar.org.in/files/citations-2010-ICAR-Awards.pdf |title=Citations : ICAR Award Ceremony 2010 |publisher=Icar.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* Groundwater Augmentation Award- 2009 of [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Ministry of Water Resources]] (Government of India)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110412/harplus.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana Plus |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi]] Hindi Krishi Patrika Puraskar" for the year 2009<ref name="cssri2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=121 |title=Awards |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref>
* Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Hindi Krishi Patrika Puraskar" for the year 2008<ref name="cssri2"/>

==Publications==
{{Agriculture}}
CSSRI has published many books,<ref>{{cite book | title = Irrigation and Soil Salinity in the Indian subcontinent: Past and Present| author = N. T. Singh| page= 365|year = 2005| publisher = Lehigh University Press| isbn = 9780934223782}}</ref> some of the notable ones are:
* {{cite book
| title = Salt Affected Soils of Gujarat Extent, Nature and Management
| author1=D. D. Dubey |author2=O. P. Sharma |display-authors=etal. | year = 1993
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Vision-2020, CSSRI perspective plan
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1997
| publisher = Worldcat.org
| oclc = 44167444}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = 25 years of Research on Management of Salt-Affected Soil and use Lime Water in Agriculture
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1998
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = 50 Years of Natural Resource Management Research
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1998
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = Crop Improvement for Management of Salt Affected Soils, Manual of Lectures for the training program on 'Methods of Screening and Development of Varieties and Germplasm of various crops for Salt affected soils' held at CSSRI, Karnal, Jan 17-22
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 2005
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Drought Management Strategies in India
| author1=J. S. Samra |author2=Gurbachan Singh |author3=J. C. Dagar | year = 2004
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 124541523
}}
* {{cite book
| title = CSSRI: A journey to excellence
| author1=Gurbachan Singh |author2=P. C. Sharma |author3=S. K. Ambast |author4=B. K. Khosla | year = 2006
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 191696786
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = Agricultural Land Drainage: Reclamation of Waterlogged Saline Lands
| author1 = S. K. Ambast
| author2 = S. K. Gupta
| author3 = Gurbachan Singh
| year = 2007
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = Technological options for improved agriculture in Tsunami affected Andaman & Nicobar islands and Maldives
| author1 = S. K. Gupta
| author2 = S. K. Ambast
| author3 = Gurbachan Singh
| author4 = N. P. S. Yadhuvanshi
| year = 2007
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = On-Farm Land and Water Management
| author1 = M. J. Kaledhonkar
| author2 = S. K. Gupta
| author3 = D. S. Bundela
| author4 = Gurbachan Singh
| year = 2007
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Agricultural Salinity Management in India
| author1=N. K. Tyagi |author2=P. S. Minhas | year = 1998
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 42981963
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Agroforestry in Salt affected Soils
| author1=Gurbachan Singh |author2=N. T. Singh | year = 1993
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 44118493
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Fifty years of Natural Resource Management Research
| author1=G B Singh |author2=B R Sharma | year = 1999
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 56951183
}}
* {{cite book
| title = International Symposium on Salt affected soils
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1980
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 8753432
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = Twenty five years of research on management of salt affected soils & use of saline water in agriculture
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1998
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| title = Salinity Management in Agriculture
| author = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| year = 1998
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| access-date = 1 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071150/http://cssri.nic.in/Books.htm
| archive-date = 13 September 2014
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Training Manual for undertaking studies on genesis of sodic/alkali soils
| author =G. P. Bhargava
| year = 2003
| publisher = Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
| oclc = 729215690
}}

The institute has also published many technical bulletins,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=84 |title=Technical Bulletins |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> newsletters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=38&view=viewcategory&catid=4 |title=Downloads - News Letter |publisher=Cssri.org |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> popular articles<ref name="cssri3">{{cite web|url=http://www.cssri.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=86 |title=Popular Articles |publisher=Cssri.org |date=2011-01-08 |access-date=2015-05-09}}</ref> and research papers.<ref name="cssri3"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Agriculture]]
* [[Agroecological restoration]]
* [[Agroecosystem]]
* [[Agroecosystem analysis]]
* [[Agronomy]]
* [[Ecology]]
* [[Organic agriculture]]
* [[Soil Science]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/44677 Publications list on Krishikosh]
* [https://cssri.academia.edu/ Reference on Academia.edu]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Central_Soil_Salinity_Research_Institute Reference on Research gate]
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5871e/x5871e00.htm Reference on FAO site]

{{Higher education in India}}{{Soil science topics}}{{authority control}}

[[Category:Agroecology]]
[[Category:Agricultural research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Environmental impact of agriculture]]
[[Category:Environmental issues in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Haryana]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1969]]

Poyen, Ladakh

2025-03-05T20:09:47Z

Gyani24:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Poyen
| other_name = Poyen, Kargil, Ladakh
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = 12000ft
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.5621|76.1313 |format=dms|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Poyen,+Kargil+194103/@34.563896,76.1299878,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x38e3231d59313775:0x2c8c36c3d4246f63!8m2!3d34.562426!4d76.1327201?hl=en&authuser=0|title=Poyen (Google Maps)|work=Google Maps|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Ladakh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of tehsils in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kargil]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = UT of Ladakh
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 216<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ourhero.in/villages/poyan-972|title=Poyen Population|work=Our Hero|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Hindi]], [[Purgi language|Purgi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Balti language|Balti]], [[Purgi language|Purgi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 194103
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Poyen'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Poyan''' and '''Poin'''.}} is a [[village|town]] in the [[Kargil district]], [[Ladakh]], in [[India]], close to the [[Kargil]] town. It is on the right bank of [[Wakha Rong]] river near its confluence with the [[Suru River (Indus)|Suru River]]. The village jurisdiction includes the hamlets of [[Hunderman]] acquired from Pakistan during the [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]].

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India]], Poyen has 280 households.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ourhero.in/villages/poyan-972|title=Poyen Population|work=Our Hero|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref> The literacy rate of Poyen is 62.43%. In Hardas, Male literacy stands at 75.27% while the female literacy rate was 50.00%.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2500|| 1070 || 1090
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 27 || 14 || 13
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 215 || 107 || 108
|-
| Literacy || 62.43% || 75.27% || 50.00%
|-
| Workers (all) || 38 || 35 || 3
|-
| Main workers (all) || 8 || – || –
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 30 || 29 || 1
|}

==Transport==
===Road===
Poyen is well-connected by road to other places in Ladakh and India by the [[National Highway 1 (India)|Srinagar-Leh Highway]] or the NH 1.

===Rail===
The nearest major railway stations are [[Sopore railway station]] and [[Srinagar railway station]] located at a distance of 218 kilometres and 224 kilometres.

===Air===
The nearest airport is at [[Kargil Airport|Kargil]] located at a distance of 12 kilometres but it is currently non-operational. The next nearest major airport is [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport|Leh Airport]] located at a distance of 220 kilometres.

==See also==
*[[Ladakh]]
*[[Kargil]]
*[[Dras War Memorial]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Kargil district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kargil tehsil]]

{{Ladakh-geo-stub}}