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Beechcraft King Air

2026-05-24T22:58:42Z

Greyscaledesign: started some pg initial version

{{short description|Twin engine turboprop aircraft family}}
{{about|the Model 90 and 100 Series|the Model 200 and 300 Series|Beechcraft Super King Air}}
{{redirect|BE10|the isotope 10Be|Beryllium-10|the NUTS II statistical region|Brussels}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= King Air
|image= File:Tc-90 04l.jpg
|caption= C90 King Air in Japanese military service
|type= Civil utility aircraft
|national_origin= United States
|manufacturer= [[Beechcraft]]
|designer=
|first_flight= May 15, 1963 (Model 87) January 24, 1964 (Model 65-90)
|introduction= September 9, 1964
|retired=
|status= Active service
|primary_user = [[United States Army]]
|more_users= [[United States Navy]] [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] [[Philippine Navy]]
|produced= 1963–2021<ref name=8Mar21AIN>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2021-03-08/textron-aviations-king-air-90-citation-sovereign-end-their-rule|title=Textron Aviation's King Air 90, Citation Sovereign End Their Rule|last=Siebenmark|first=Jerry|website=ainonline.com|date=March 8, 2021|access-date=March 8, 2021|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309050813/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2021-03-08/textron-aviations-king-air-90-citation-sovereign-end-their-rule|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2022|reason=[[BP:AV/R]] concerns regarding Aviation International News and publication of unvetted sponsored content}}
|number_built= 3,370<ref name=BeechSNlist>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Beechcraft and Hawker Serialization List: 1945 thru 2023 |url=https://ww2.txtav.com/TechnicalPublications/Downloads/DownloadNonTechFile?Filename=serializationList.pdf |url-access=registration |website=[[Textron Aviation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=R.W. |title=Airlife's General Aviation: A guide to Postwar General Aviation Manufacturers and their aircraft |publisher=Airlife Publishing |year=1995 |isbn=1-85310-577-5 |edition=2nd |pages=76}}</ref>
|developed_from = [[Beechcraft Queen Air]]
|variants= [[Beechcraft Super King Air]]
}}

The '''Beechcraft King Air''' is a line of American [[utility aircraft]] produced by [[Beechcraft]]. The King Air line comprises a number of twin-[[turboprop]] models that have been divided into two families. The Model 90 and 100 series developed in the 1960s are known as King Airs, while the later [[T-tail]] Model 200 and 300 series were originally [[marketing|marketed]] as [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Super King Airs]], with the name "Super" being dropped by Beechcraft in 1996 (although it is still often used to differentiate the 200 and 300 series King Airs from their smaller stablemates).

The King Air was the first aircraft in its class and was produced continuously from 1964 to 2021. It outsold all of its turboprop competitors combined. It has recently faced competition from light jet aircraft such as the [[Embraer Phenom 100]], [[Honda HA-420 HondaJet]] and [[Cessna Citation Mustang]]; as well as from newer turboprop aircraft including the [[Piaggio P180 Avanti]], and single-engine [[Piper Malibu Meridian]], [[Pilatus PC-12]], and [[Socata TBM]].

==Development==
[[File:Be-e90-070323-a radecki-03.jpg|thumb|right|An E90 King Air taxis at the [[Mojave Spaceport]]]]
[[File:KingAirC90AtCentennial.jpg|thumb|right|A King Air C90 at [[Centennial Airport]]]]
[[File:Beech F90 of Guatemalan Air Force at Guatemala City,Guatemala (7018806851).jpg|thumb|A T-tail F90 of the Guatemalan Air Force]]

===Model 90 series===
[[File:N7BF King air B90.jpg|thumb|King Air B90 at [[Piedmont Triad International Airport]]]]
The Model 90 King Air was conceived as the '''Model 120''' in 1961. In its original planned configuration, the Model 120 was to have been powered by two {{Convert|917|shp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Turbomeca Bastan|Turbomeca Bastan VI]] engines.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ball |first=Larry A. |title=The Immortal Twin Beech |publisher=Ball Publications |year=1995 |isbn=0-9641514-2-1 |pages=181}}</ref> On May 15, 1963, Beechcraft began test flights of the proof-of-concept '''Model 87''', a modified [[Beechcraft Queen Air|Queen Air]] with [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6]]A-6 engines. On July 14, Beech announced a new type, and a month later began accepting orders for the "King Air", with deliveries to commence in Autumn 1964.<ref>[http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/article.asp?id=346 "Beech King Air timeline."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203013943/http://wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/article.asp?id=346 |date=December 3, 2010 }} ''wingsoverkansas.com.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> On January 24, 1964, the first definitive prototype, by now designated '''Model 65-90''' and also fitted with PT6A-6 engines,<ref>Harding 1997, p. 22</ref> flew for the first time. After 10 months of test flying, in 1964 the Model 87 was delivered to the [[United States Army]] as the NU-8F. The first production aircraft was delivered on October 8, and by the end of the month, 152 aircraft had been ordered;<ref>Green, William. "Beech 65-90 King Air", ''The Observer's Book of Aircraft'', 1965 Edition. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London. No ISBN, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 57-4425.</ref> by year's end, seven had been built.<ref name="HBPL"/>

In 1966, after 112 65-90s were completed,<ref name="HBPL"/> production switched to the '''Model 65-A90''' with PT6A-20 engines. As a measure of the type's popularity, 206 65-A90s were built in less than two years when production switched to the '''Model B90''', the first of these rolling off the production line in 1968.<ref name="HBPL"/> Military versions built during these years included the '''65-A90-1''', '''65-A90-2''', '''65-A90-3''', and '''65-A90-4''', all being unpressurised models based on the Model 87. These were produced for the US Army which designated them U-21s of various sub-models; many were fitted out for electronic battlefield surveillance. A total of 162 of these were built between 1967 and 1971.<ref>Jackson 2004, pp. 531–532.</ref>

A total of 184 B90 models were produced before the '''Model C90''' was introduced in 1971,<ref name="HBPL"/> with wingspan increased over earlier models by {{convert|4|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}} to 50 ft 3 in (15.32 m), Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) increased by {{convert|350|lb|abbr=on}} to 9,650 lb (4,378 kg), and PT6A-20A engines. The broadly similar '''Model E90''' was introduced the following year, with PT6A-28 engines; the two were produced in parallel. Further refinement of the 90 series resulted in the '''Model F90''' and follow-on '''Model F90-1'''. The F-models featured the [[T-tail]] of the [[Beechcraft Super King Air#Super King Air 200|Model 200]] mated to the fuselage and wings of the E90, with PT6A-135 engines of 750 shp (560 kW) driving four-bladed propellers. The F90 prototype flew on January 16, 1978, and 203 production versions followed between 1979 and 1983, when the F90 was superseded by the F90-1.<ref name="HBPL"/> The F90 prototype was re-engined with [[Garrett AiResearch TPE-331]] engines to test the feasibility of a '''Model G90''', but this model was not put into production.

The '''Model C90-1''' entered production in 1982 after 507 C90s and 347 E90s had been built,<ref name="HBPL"/> and featured PT6A-21 engines and improvements to the pressurization system. 54 were built.<ref name="HBPL"/><ref>Simpson 1991, p. 47.</ref> The following year the F90-1 was put into production with redesigned engine cowlings, upgraded PT6A-135A engines, hydraulic landing gear, and triple-fed electrical bus; only 33 were built by the time production terminated in 1985.<ref name="HBPL"/> The C90-1 was soon followed by the '''Model C90A''', which featured the redesigned engine cowlings of the F90-1. The C90A received an increase in MTOW in 1987, being certified to 10,100 lb (4,580 kg). The C90A model was in production until 1992, by which time 235 had been built, all but 74 with the increased MTOW.

Only two C90As were built in 1992, the '''Model C90B''' followed that year with airframe improvements, four-bladed propellers, and propeller synchrophasing,<ref>A system fitted to many twin-engined propeller-driven aircraft, it matches propeller revolutions-per-minute and also "phases" the position of the blades of each propeller relative to the other, so the cabin noise is more even.</ref> all in an effort to reduce cabin noise. This model also had PT6A-21s; the first production C90B was fitted with the 10,000th PT6 engine delivered to Beechcraft. In 1994 a cheaper version was introduced as the '''C90SE''' (Special Edition), with three-bladed propellers, standardised interior and mechanical instruments instead of the [[Electronic Flight Instrument System]] (EFIS) fitted to the C90B.<ref name="NZ"/> A total of 456 C90Bs and C90SEs were delivered by the time production of these models ended in late 2005.<ref name="HBPL"/>

In July 2005, during the [[Oshkosh Airshow]], Beechcraft introduced the '''C90GT'''. The C90GT was fitted with {{convert|750|shp|abbr=on}} PT6A-135As, [[flat rated]] to the same {{convert|550|shp|abbr=on}} as the earlier King Airs. This engine change increased performance due to lower operating temperatures, improving both cruise speed and climb rate. With a 275 kt (509 km/h, 316 mph) cruise speed, the C90GT was highly competitive with the new generation of [[Very Light Jet]]s over short to medium distances, while providing a larger and more luxurious cabin. C90GT deliveries commenced at the beginning of 2006.<ref name="HBPL"/> On May 21, 2007, during the 7th Annual European Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition in Geneva, Beechcraft announced the '''Model C90GTi''' updated version of the C90GT,<ref>[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=7896 "C90GT."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823111659/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=7896 |date=August 23, 2009 }} ''Hawker Beechcraft Press Release.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> featuring the [[Rockwell Collins]] Proline 21 [[avionics]] package previously only offered for the B200 and B300 King Airs. Deliveries commenced in 2008 after 97 C90GTs were delivered to customers over the previous two years.<ref name="HBPL">[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/service_support/pubs/docs/nontechnical/serializationList.pdf "Hawker Beechcraft aircraft Serial Number Lists 1945–2008."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411082140/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/service_support/pubs/docs/nontechnical/serializationList.pdf |date=April 11, 2009 }} ''Hawker Beechcraft.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> In 2015, the '''C90GTx''' was introduced with additional upgrades. In 2019, the C90 unit cost was US$2.75M, and $4.2M (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=4200000|start_year=2019}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) for the C90GTi.<ref name=BCA-2019>{{cite magazine |url= https://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/datasheets/gated/BCA_201906.pdf |title= Purchase Planning Handbook |magazine= Business & Commercial Aviation |date= June 2019 |publisher= Aviation Week Network |url-access= subscription |access-date= July 18, 2019 |archive-date= May 10, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200510235519/https://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/datasheets/gated/BCA_201906.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In March 2021, Beechcraft discontinued the C90GTx, thus ending the Model 90 production run. [[Textron]], Beechcraft's parent company, stated that it intends to support the existing 90 series fleet indefinitely given the large number of aircraft being actively operated.<ref>{{cite web |last=Horne |first=Thomas A. |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2021/march/10/textron-ends-c90gtx-sovereign-lines |title=Textron Ends C90GTx, Sovereign Lines |publisher=Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association |website=aopa.org |date=March 10, 2021 |access-date=November 14, 2022}}</ref>

===Model 100 series===
[[File:N350TJ.JPG|thumb|A Model B100 King Air with Garrett engines]]
[[File:TC-90-6819.JPG|thumb|right|[[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] TC-90]]
The '''Model 100''' is a stretched derivative of the Model 90 featuring five cabin windows instead of the Model 90's three; MTOW increased by 1,300 lb (590 kg) over the 90, to 10,600 lb (4,810 kg). The 100 used the wings, tail, and engines (two PT6A-28 engines, although rated at 680 shp)<ref>{{cite book|title=Beech King Air 100 Pilot's Operating Manual|date=July 1, 1969|publisher=Raytheon Aircraft Company|page=1}}</ref> from the [[Beechcraft Model 99|Model 99]] airliner, itself a development of the Queen Air (as was the Model 90).

The Model 100 was flown for the first time on March 17, 1969, and unveiled to the public in May. A total of 89 Model 100s were built before it was superseded by the '''Model A100''' in 1972, with a further increase in MTOW to 11,500 lb (5,220 kg), fuel capacity increased by {{convert|94|USgal|L}}, and four-bladed propellers.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=AOPA Pilot|date=June 2014|title=King Air A100|page=T-2}}</ref> A total of 157 A100s were built by the time production of this model ceased in 1979. The next in the series was the '''B100''', which featured {{convert|715|shp|abbr=on}} Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 engines as an alternative to the Pratt & Whitneys offered on other King Airs, and another increase in MTOW to 11,800 lb (5,350 kg). The B100 was introduced in 1976 and was produced concurrently with the A100 for several years; manufacture ceased in 1983 after 137 were built. The [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Model 200 Super King Air]] was developed from the Model 100, with the same fuselage design being used for both models (with some differences, mainly associated with the different tails). The Model 200 had different wings and a T-tail and entered service in 1974.

===Military King Air versions===
====Japan====
The [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] (JMSDF) has operated a total of 40 C90 and C90A King Airs, with deliveries beginning in 1973. These have been given various designations by the JMSDF and consist of 34 '''TC-90''' trainers, five '''LC-90''' transports, and a single '''UC-90''' which is configured for photographic aerial survey. The TC-90s and the UC-90 are operated by the [[202nd Naval Air Training Squadron (JMSDF)]] based at [[Tokushima Airport|Tokushima Air Base]], while the LC-90s are attached to various Lockheed P-3 ''Kokutai'' (Squadrons) and [[Air Transport Squadron 61 (JMSDF)|Air Transport Squadron 61]]<ref>[http://www.scramble.nl/jp.htm "Japan Maritime Defense Force Order of Battle."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403015922/http://www.scramble.nl/jp.htm |date=April 3, 2007 }} Retrieved: June 11, 2011</ref> as liaison aircraft. In late 2005, the JMSDF marked 500,000 accident-free flying hours of the TC-90 trainer fleet. Philippine maintenance staff will also be trained.<ref>[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=3243 "TC-90."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825230609/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/include/content_view.aspx?id=3243 |date=August 25, 2009}} Retrieved: June 11, 2011</ref>

The JMSDF made plans to lease at least five TC-90 aircraft to the Philippines to conduct maritime patrols.<ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/02/28/national/japan-to-supply-philippines-with-military-equipment/ Japan to supply Philippines with military equipment February 28, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302203828/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/02/28/national/japan-to-supply-philippines-with-military-equipment/ |date=March 2, 2017 }} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-philippines-idUSKCN0WB0TL Philippines to lease planes from Japan to patrol disputed sea March 9, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930175307/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-philippines-idUSKCN0WB0TL |date=September 30, 2017 }} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref><ref>Dancel, Raul [http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/japan-leasing-5-military-aircraft-to-philippines Japan leasing 5 military aircraft to Philippines May 4, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302194555/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/japan-leasing-5-military-aircraft-to-philippines |date=March 2, 2017 }} Retrieved February 2, 2017</ref><ref>Laude, Jaime [http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/26/1637480/japan-lease-5-surveillance-aircraft-philippines Japan to lease 5 surveillance aircraft to Philippines October 26, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302200103/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/26/1637480/japan-lease-5-surveillance-aircraft-philippines |date=March 2, 2017 }} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref> Two aircraft were transferred free of charge in March 2017.<ref name="flyteam">{{cite web|url=https://flyteam.jp/airline/japan-maritime-self-defense-force/news/article/87485 |title=村川海上幕僚長、フィリピン公式訪問で無償譲渡したTC-90を視察 |date=November 30, 2017 |website=flyteam.jp |access-date=December 1, 2017 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081111/https://flyteam.jp/airline/japan-maritime-self-defense-force/news/article/87485 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> From November 2016 to November 2017, six [[Philippine Navy]] pilots were trained to fly the aircraft at [[Tokushima Airport]]. Maintenance staff are also being trained.<ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/22/national/japan-train-philippine-naval-pilots-fly-tc-90-aircraft-lease-deal/ Japan to train Philippine naval pilots to fly TC-90 aircraft under lease deal November 22, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303055805/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/22/national/japan-train-philippine-naval-pilots-fly-tc-90-aircraft-lease-deal/ |date=March 3, 2017 }} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170303122635/http://www.ibtimes.ph/philippine-navy-first-japanese-aircraft-tc-90-arrive-philippines-2017-5310 Philippine Navy: First Japanese Aircraft TC-90 To Arrive In The Philippines In 2017 December 13, 2016]}} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref><ref>Thompson, Paul [http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/bulletin-board Bulletin Board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303050524/http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/bulletin-board |date=March 3, 2017 }} Retrieved March 2, 2017</ref> There are plans to transfer three more aircraft.<ref name="flyteam"/>

====United States====
[[File:T 44 4LR.jpg|thumb|right|US Navy T-44A Pegasus]]
[[File:Beechcraft U-21 Ute US Army.jpg|thumb|right|A [[United States Army|US Army]] U-21 Ute]]
The U.S. military has used King Air 90s in various roles, primarily VIP and liaison transport, with designations including the '''VC-6A''', the '''T-44 Pegasus''', and the '''U-21 Ute'''. The U-21 Ute used by the US Army was the most common version.

Most U-21s were unpressurized Model 87 derivatives, but there were also five U-21Fs based on the A100 King Air; and three U-21Js, which Beechcraft designated '''Model A100-1''', but were actually the first three production Model 200 Super King Airs (C/Ns BB-3, BB-4 and BB-5, after prototypes C/N BB-1 and BB-2 had been built). The majority of U-21s were delivered as U-21As (102 65-A90-1s), but there were also four RU-21As (65-A90-1s), three RU-21Bs (65-A90-2s), two RU-21Cs (65-A90-3s), 18 RU-21Ds (65-A90-1s), 16 RU-21Es (65-A90-4s), and 17 RU-21Gs (65-A90-1s). The RU-21Es (except one written off) were later converted to U-21Hs and RU-21Hs, with two U-21Hs and an RU-21H being further converted to JU-21Hs.<ref>Baugher, Joe. [http://www.joebaugher.com/1970.html "USAF FY1970 Serial Number list."]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''USAF Aircraft.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> In 1993, the three surviving RU-21As that remained in military service were retired and sent to JW Duff Aircraft Salvage in Denver. On November 14, 2015, one of aircraft, (67-18113) was donated by Dynamic Aviation to the 138th Aviation Company Memorial to restore the aircraft to be displayed at [[Orlando International Airport]].<ref>Information derived from [http://www.138thavnco.org/RU21A-Memorial-Project.html ''LAASdata online.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2011.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108031204/http://www.138thavnco.org/RU21A-Memorial-Project.html |date=November 8, 2015 }}</ref> The majority of the U-21 series were retired in the second half of the 1990s and most are now owned by [[Dynamic Aviation]] of [[Bridgewater, Virginia]]. Some have been modified as spraying aircraft and are used on insect control work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dynamicaviation.com/index.php/about-us/company-history/|title=Dynamic Aviation :: Company History|work=dynamicaviation.com|access-date=March 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301202300/http://www.dynamicaviation.com/index.php/about-us/company-history/|archive-date=March 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi$pass*96746814!_h-www.landings.com/_landings/pages/search/search_nnr-serial.html "LM- (the serial number prefix for A90-1 aircraft.")] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612080158/http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi$pass*96746814!_h-www.landings.com/_landings/pages/search/search_nnr-serial.html |date=June 12, 2011 }} ''Landings.com.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>

The T-44A Pegasus is a trainer version, designated the '''Model H90''' by Beechcraft, used to train [[United States Navy]], [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], and [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] (USAF) pilots to fly multi-engine aircraft. A total of 61 were delivered to the US Navy between 1977 and 1980. In August 2006, the Navy announced that after 29 years of operation, the T-44A fleet would be upgraded with modernized avionics systems, and redesignated T-44Cs.<ref>Vendrasco, Stephanie. [http://pao.navair.navy.mil/press_releases/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&Press_release_id=3557&site_id=23 "Transforming the Pegasus."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312122648/http://pao.navair.navy.mil/press_releases/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&Press_release_id=3557&site_id=23 |date=March 12, 2007 }} ''Navair.navy.mil.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>

Two VC-6A aircraft were operated by the US military. One was a Model 65-A90 operated by the US Army and serialled 66-15361,<ref>Baugher, Joe. [http://www.joebaugher.com/1966.html "USAF FY1966 Serial Number list."]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''USAF Aircraft.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> the other a B90, designated as a VC-6A (66-7943), was operated by the USAF and used by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Lyndon Johnson]].

=====Air Force One=====
[[File:Beech VC-6A USAF.jpg|thumb|right|VC-6A used as Air Force One]]

During the administration of Lyndon Johnson, the USAF acquired a [[commercial off-the-shelf]] Model B90 King Air. With the military designation '''VC-6A''', the aircraft, serialled 66-7943, was used to transport President Johnson between [[Bergstrom Air Force Base]] (near Austin) and the Johnson family ranch near [[Johnson City, Texas]]. When Johnson was aboard, the aircraft used the callsign [[Air Force One]]. After Johnson left office, the aircraft continued to serve in the [[89th Airlift Wing|89th Military Airlift Wing]] as a VIP transport until its retirement in 1985. This aircraft is now on display, with other presidential aircraft, at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright Patterson Air Force Base]] near Dayton.<ref name=AF1NMUSAF>{{cite web|title=Beech VC-6A|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195809/beech-vc-6a/|publisher=[[National Museum of the United States Air Force]]|access-date=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926145900/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/195809/beech-vc-6a.aspx|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Modification and upgrade programs===
[[File:N100TW.JPG|thumb|right|A B100 King Air modified with five-bladed propellers]]

A number of aftermarket modifications and upgrades are available for 90 and 100 Series King Airs.<ref name=CAT>[http://www.commuterair.com/stc.html "A non-comprehensive list of STCs available for King Air series aircraft"] Retrieved: June 11, 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402000446/http://www.commuterair.com/stc.html |date=April 2, 2007 }}</ref> An engine upgrade involves earlier-build 90 Series aircraft being re-engined with the PT6A-135A engines of the C90GT.<ref>[http://www.silverhawk135.com "Silverhawk Upgrade NEW for King Air 200 and Conquest."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118011748/http://www.silverhawk135.com/ |date=November 18, 2008 }} ''Silverhawk Conversions.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.blackhawk.aero/BlackhawkXP.htm Blackhawk Modifications Inc. Blackhawk XP page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230050924/http://www.blackhawk.aero/BlackhawkXP.htm |date=December 30, 2007 }} Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> A more radical re-engining program involves the replacement of the PT6s in C90 and E90 King Airs with TPE-331s.

[[File:CargoLiner 1.jpg|thumb|right|A King Air 90 with the full CargoLiner Conversion]]
Among the numerous airframe modifications available: a cargo conversion for the 90 model, the CargoLiner, which replaces the rear door with a large pallet accessible cargo door, a heavy duty floor structure and cabin cargo liner, also a crew hatch for cockpit access for the crew in the 90, 100, and 200;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081107223543/http://www.aerocrafters.net/ "Cargoliner."] ''aerocrafters.net.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> a Wing Front Spar Reinforcement Kit for both 90 and 100 Series aircraft,<ref name=CAT/> a modification for the entire King Air line that entails reworking and extending the nose<ref>[http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSTC.nsf/0/fdcd09c00de717d38625724b0076632a/$FILE/SA00367SE.pdf FAA STC No. SA00367SE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227121918/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSTC.nsf/0/fdcd09c00de717d38625724b0076632a/%24FILE/SA00367SE.pdf |date=February 27, 2008 }} Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref> to house a baggage compartment as well as the avionics normally found in the noses of King Air aircraft. Modifications available for the King Air 100 include a belly cargo pod similar to those fitted to the Beech 99 and the Model 1300 version of the King Air 200 series.<ref>[http://www.commuterair.com/ka100a.html "King Air 100."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030180832/http://commuterair.com/ka100a.html |date=October 30, 2007 }} ''Commuter Air Technology.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>

==Operators==
{{main|List of Beechcraft King Air operators}}

In addition to its use by military and government users, the King Air is also used by many non-governmental organizations, as well as by corporate and private users. This includes commercial use by air-taxi and air charter companies.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nextantpacific.com/uses/ | title=Are Beechcraft King Air planes mainly used as business jets? | publisher=Nextant Pacific | access-date=February 3, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203114747/http://www.nextantpacific.com/uses/ | archive-date=February 3, 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Royal Flying Doctor Service]] of Australia previously operated a large number of 90 Series King Airs, but retired the last example in 2006, standardizing on the King Air 200 Series and the [[Pilatus PC-12]] for its fleet requirements.

==Accidents and incidents==
* On November 19, 1996, a Beechcraft King Air [[United Express Flight 5925|collided]] on a runway with a [[United Express]] 1900C at [[Quincy Regional Airport]] in Illinois, killing all 14 people on board both aircraft.<ref name="UEF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9704.pdf|title=NTSB Report: United Express Flight 5925}}</ref>
* On October 25, 2002, a Beechcraft A100 King Air crashed in [[Minnesota]], killing [[U.S. Senator]] [[Paul Wellstone]] and 7 others.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20021025-0 | title=ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft A100 King Air N41BE Eveleth-Virginia Municipal Airport, MN (EVM) }}</ref>
* On June 23, 2010, a Beechcraft A100 King Air operating as [[Aéropro Flight 201]] crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport|Quebec City Airport]], killing all seven people on board.<ref name="ASN">{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/321283 |title=Accident Beechcraft A100 King Air C-FGIN Wednesday 23 June 2010 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=27 December 2025 |archive-date= }}</ref>
* On January 19, 2017, a Beechcraft C90GT King Air crashed in [[Paraty]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, killing [[Teori Zavascki]], the Minister of the Supreme Court of Brazil and 4 other people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/31575/SEGURAN%C3%87A%20DE%20VOO%20%E2%80%93%20FAB%20divulga%20resultado%20de%20investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20sobre%20acidente%20com%20aeronave%20PR-SOM|title=FAB divulga resultado de investigação sobre acidente com aeronave PR-SOM|date=22 January 2018|access-date=30 July 2018|publisher=Força Aérea Brasileira|language=pt|archive-date=July 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730141634/http://fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/31575/SEGURAN%C3%87A%20DE%20VOO%20%E2%80%93%20FAB%20divulga%20resultado%20de%20investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20sobre%20acidente%20com%20aeronave%20PR-SOM|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.potter.net.br/media/rf/pt/PRSOM_POR_VERSION_FINAL.pdf|title= Relatório Final A-013/CENIPA/2017|date=16 January 2018|access-date=30 July 2018|publisher= CENIPA}}</ref>
* On June 28, 2018, a Beechcraft King Air C90 [[2018 UY Aviation King Air C90 crash|crashed in a suburb of Mumbai, India]], killing all four aboard and one on the ground; three people sustained injuries.
* On November 5, 2021, a Beechcraft C90A King Air [[2021 Piedade de Caratinga Beechcraft King Air crash|crashed]] in [[Caratinga]], [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil, killing 3 passengers and 2 crew members, including Brazilian singer [[Marília Mendonça]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/noticia/2021/11/05/marilia-mendonca-morre-apos-queda-de-aviao-em-minas-gerais.ghtml|title=Marília Mendonça morre em queda de avião em Minas Gerais|date=November 5, 2021 }}</ref>
* On February 23, 2026, a Beechcraft C90 King Air, owned by Redbird Airways and operating as an air ambulance, [[2026 Chatra air ambulance crash|crashed]] close to [[Simaria block|Simaria]] in the [[Chatra district]] of [[Jharkhand]], India, resulting in the deaths of all 7 people on board.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charter plane vanishes from radar after takeoff from Ranchi; authorities brief state government |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/charter-plane-vanishes-from-radar-after-takeoff-from-ranchi-authorities-brief-state-government/articleshow/128723191.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=Times Internet Limited |date=23 February 2026 |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Achom |first=Debanish |title=Air Ambulance En Route To Delhi Crashes In Jharkhand With 7 On Board |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-ambulance-en-route-to-delhi-from-ranchi-crashes-in-jharkhands-chatra-with-7-on-board-11126758 |work=NDTV |date=23 February 2026 |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Beech T-44 Pegasus Bu 120112 b.jpg|thumb|Cockpit of a T-44C Pegasus]]
A total of more than 3,100 King Air 90 and 100 series aircraft have been delivered as of August 2008:<ref>Unless otherwise noted, all information here is obtained from Production Lists in the book ''Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection'' and the online Production Lists available at [http://www.laasdata.com/turbos/ctowctry.php LAASdata.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913055522/http://www.laasdata.com/turbos/ctowctry.php |date=September 13, 2007 }}</ref>

===Beechcraft designations===
;Model 87
:"Proof-of-concept" test aircraft based on the Model A80 with PT6A-6 turboprops; one built.<ref name="simpson">Simpson 1991, pp. 47-49</ref>
;Model 65-90
:Based on the Model 88 with two PT6A-6 turboprops and a 9000lb Take Off Gross Weight (TOGW); 112 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{visible anchor|Model 65-A90}}
:Model 90 with TOGW increased to 9300lb, two 550shp PT6A-20 engines, redesigned flightdeck and a new engine de-ice system, 206 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model 65-A90-1
:Based on the Model 87, unpressurised with square windows and 550shp PT6A-20 engines, 141 built and delivered to the US Army with the designation U-21A.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model 65-A90-2
:Specialised electronic warfare variant of the A90-1 with five seats, three built as U-21Bs (later RU-21B).<ref name="simpson" />
;Model 65-A90-3
:Variant of the A90-2 with improved electronic equipment, two-built for the US Army with the designation RU-21C.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model 65-A90-4
:Project Guardrail variant of the A90-2, strengthened airframes and higher gross weight, 16 built for the US Army.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{visible anchor|Model B90}}
:based on the A90 with a 9650 TOGW, improved ailerons and increased wing span, improved instrumentation and pressurization and an extra side window, 184 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{Visible anchor|Model C90}}
:Based on the B90 but using the Model 100 cabin environment and pressurization system, 550shp PT6A-21 engines, 507 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model C90-1
:Improved C90 with an E90 tailplane and improved power output, increased maximum cabin pressure differential,<ref name="NZ">[http://www.caa.govt.nz/aircraft/Type_Acceptance_Reps/Beech_C90A.pdf New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority Beechcraft C90A Type Acceptance Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014225649/http://www.caa.govt.nz/aircraft/Type_Acceptance_Reps/Beech_C90A.pdf |date=October 14, 2008 }} retrieved December 9, 2008.</ref> 54 built in 1982 and 1983.<ref name="HBPL"/>
;{{Visible anchor|Model C90A}}
:Improved C90-1 improved landing gear retraction, improved electrical system and using F90-1 pressurization and heating system, 235 built between 1984 and 1992. Two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-21 reverse-flow, free-turbine turboprop engines; 550 shp each.<ref name="aopa.org">Horne, Thomas A. [http://www.aopa.org/pilot/features/2003/feat0305.html "Turbine Pilot: King Air C90B - Staying Power."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610112125/http://www.aopa.org/pilot/features/2003/feat0305.html |date=June 10, 2011 }} ''AOPA Pilot Magazine,'' May 2003, Volume 46 / Number 5. Retrieved: August 19, 2010.</ref>
;{{Visible anchor|C90B and C90SE}}
:Marketing names for updated versions of C90A produced between 1992 and 2005, 456 built<ref>Due to disagreement between available online sources, it is impossible to determine the number of each sub-type built.</ref> B-model has Maximum Take-off Weight of 10 100 lb (4585 kg), quieter [[Hartzell Propeller|Hartzell]] four-blade, constant-speed, full-reversing 90-in diameter propellers and dynamic (passively resonating) vibration absorber (DVA) system. The King Air C90SE is the 'poor man’s' version of the Beech C90B with three-bladed props and “mechanical” instruments.<ref name="aopa.org"/>
;Model C90GT
:Version with PT6A-135A engines, 750 shp [[flat rated]] to 550 shp, for better climb and cruise performance, 97 built.<ref name="HBPL"/><ref>McClellan, J. Mac. [http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/beechcraft-c90gt "Beechcraft C90GT."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413191236/http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/beechcraft-c90gt |date=April 13, 2011 }} ''Flying Magazine''. Retrieved: August 19, 2010.</ref>
;Model C90GTi
:Variant of C90GT with "[[glass cockpit]]" Collins Proline 21 avionics suite; at least 90 built<ref name="HBPL"/><ref>The last King Air C90GTi built as of December 2008 is shown in the available online sources ([http://www.laasdata.com/turbos/turbo-by-type.php?t=8 LAASdata King Air 90 list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713180238/http://www.laasdata.com/turbos/turbo-by-type.php?t=8 |date=July 13, 2011 }} and various nations' online civil aircraft Registers) as c/no. LJ-1946, however there are gaps for registered King Airs, with some above c/no. LJ-1900 not listed.</ref>
;Model C90GTx
:Marketing name for version of C90GTi introduced in 2010 with [[Wingtip device|winglets]] added as factory-standard, Maximum Take-off Weight increased to 10 485 lb (4756 kg) for better full-fuel payload flexibility.<ref>[http://www.hbcaviation.pl/images/pdf/2009_HBC_King_Air_C90GTX_Report.pdf "King Air C90GTx Product Analysis."]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Hawker-Beechcraft Corporation''. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>
;Model D90
:Not built, one prototype abandoned.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model E90
:C90 with 680shp PT6A-28 engines and 10100lb TOGW, first flown in 1972, 347 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{visible anchor|Model F90}}
:C90 with T-tail and Model 200 wings, two 750shp PT6A-135 engines with four-bladed propellers, 196 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model F90-1
:F90 with PT6A-135A engines, 32 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model G90
:F90 prototype re-engined with Garrett TPE-331s in place of the Pratt & Whitney PT6s originally fitted.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model H90
:C90 modified for as a pilot trainer for the United States Navy with 750shp PT6A-34B engines, 61 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{visible anchor|Model 100}}
:B90 with a 50-inch fuselage stretch, larger vertical tail, two 680shp PT6A-28 engines, first flown in 1969, 89 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;{{visible anchor|Model A100}}
:Model 100 with additional fuel capacity, four-bladed propellers and two extra side windows, 157 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model A100-1
:Designation for procurement reasons of three Model 200 battlefield surveillance variants for the United States Army as the RU-21J.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model A100A
:A100 with PT6A-28A engines and 11800lb TOGW.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model A100C
:A100A with 750shp PT6A-36 engines.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model B100
:A100A with two 715shp Garrett TPE-331 engines instead of Pratt & Whitney PT6s fitted to previous models; 137 built.<ref name="simpson" />
;Model C100
:B100 with 750shp PT6A-135 engines.<ref name="simpson" /> Eight converted from A100s, but all later converted back due to tail flutter issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B100 Review and Commentary |url=https://kingairmagazine.com/article/b100-review-and-commentary/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=King Air |language=en-US}}</ref>
;[[Nextant Aerospace#Nextant G90XT|Nextant G90XT]]
: remanufactured by [[Nextant Aerospace]] with [[GE H75]] engines, [[Garmin G1000]] cockpit and a new cabin.

===Military designations===
;YU-21
:Modification of L-23 Seminole with PT6A-6 turboprops. One converted.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p88">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p. 88.</ref>
;U-21A Ute
:Utility aircraft for US Army, with fuselage of Queen Air 65-80 and wings of King Air 65-90, powered by 550 hp (410 kW) PT6A-20s. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-1. 141 built.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p88"/><ref name="IAPR pt 1 p74">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p. 74.</ref>
;EU-21A
:Conversion of at least five U-21As as radio relay aircraft for use over [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]. Later re-converted to U-21A standard.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p89">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p. 89.</ref>
;JU-21A
:Conversion of three U-21As with ''Left Jab'' [[Signals intelligence]] (SIGINT) system. One of the system aircraft, (67-18065) with callsign "Vanguard 216" was shot down by a Surface to Air Missile near the DMZ on March 4, 1971. All 5 crew members were declared KIA Bodies Not Recovered. Two later re-converted to U-21A standard.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p89"/>
;RU-21A
:Conversion of four U-21As to carry [[Direction finding]] equipment as part of ''Cefirm Leader'' program, to work with RU-21B and RU-21C aircraft.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p89-0">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, pp. 89–90.</ref>
;RU-21B
:Signals intercept aircraft as part of ''Cefirm Leader'' program. Powered by 620 hp (462 kW) PT6A-29s and with modified undercarriage. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-2. Three built.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p90">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p.90.</ref>
;RU-21C
:Similar to RU-21B, but carrying jamming equipment as part of ''Cefirm Leader''. Beechcraft model 65-A90-3. Two built.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p90"/>
;RU-21D
:SIGINT aircraft system known as "Laffing Eagle" "V-Scan", deployed to Vietnam, after the war many were converted to Guardrail RU-21H models, and others having their electronic equipment removed to become '''U-21D''' utility aircraft. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-1. 18 built.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p90-1">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, pp. 90–91.</ref>
;RU-21E
:ELINT version with ''Guardrail II'', ''IIA'' or ''IV'' systems. Beechcraft Model 65-A90-4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Airworthiness Directives; Textron Aviation Inc. Airplanes (Type Certificate Previously Held by Beechcraft Corporation) |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-07-29/pdf/2020-16214.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2024 |website=[[GovInfo]]}}</ref> 16 built.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p91">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p.91.</ref>
;U-21F
:Five King Air A100s used by US Army as transport/utility aircraft.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p92">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p.92.</ref>
;U-21G Ute
:U-21A with modified cockpit, mainly used as utility aircraft, 17 conversions.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p92"/>
;RU-21G
:Three U-21Gs fitted with ''Guardrail I'' ELINT system.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p92"/>
;RU-21H
:Conversion of 21 RU-21D, E and F aircraft to carry ''Guardrail V'' ELINT system. Higher gross weight.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p93">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003/2004, p.93.</ref>
;U-21H Ute
:Modification of 23 RU-21E and G aircraft replaced in the ELINT role by later aircraft to utility aircraft.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p93"/>
;JU-21H
:Two former RU-21Es converted as test aircraft.<ref name="IAPR pt 1 p93"/>
;VC-6A
:Two B90 King Airs, powered by 550 shp (410 kW) PT6A-20s. One used as transport by US Army, and one by USAF as VIP transport for President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]].<ref name="IAPR pt 2 p90">Kaminsky ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p.90</ref>
;T-44A Pegasus
:Model H90 as a Multi-engine training aircraft for US Navy, 61 built.<ref name="IAPR pt 2 p90"/>
;T-44C Pegasus
:T-44A upgraded with the Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 series avionics suite. 25 upgraded.<ref>[https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=135c59593f3a052923c88c82f3bd16a0&tab=core&_cview=0 "T-44 Instrument Flight Trainer Modification"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324062103/https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=135c59593f3a052923c88c82f3bd16a0&tab=core&_cview=0 |date=March 24, 2012 }}. www.fbo.gov. Retrieved: June 15, 2011.</ref>
;B.PhTh.3
:({{langx|th|บ.ผท.๓}}) [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] designation for the Model E90.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thai Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/thailand.html |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>

===Other information===

The [[ICAO]] designator, such as might be used in a [[PIREP]] or a [[flight plan]], for the various King Airs are BE9T (F90 and F90-1), BE9L (all other model 90s), and BE10 (model 100). With the exception of the F90 and F90-1, all 90 Series King Airs have been produced under the same Type Certificate (Number 3A20) used for Queen Air production.<ref name="FAA"/> All 100 Series King Airs were produced under the same Type Certificate (Number A14CE) used for Model 99 production.<ref>[http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/c0a846816b9bfac386257385005c5f33/$FILE/A14ce.pdf "Model 99 and King Air 100 series Type Certificate Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227121915/http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/c0a846816b9bfac386257385005c5f33/$FILE/A14ce.pdf |date=February 27, 2008 }}. FAA. Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>

==Specifications==
[[File:Beechcraft U-21A Ute 3-view line drawing.png|300px|3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft U-21A Ute|alt=3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft U-21A Ute|thumb]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! King Air
! C90GTi<ref name="FAA">[http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8c3d574efe5ea4a58625733a006a4a8b/$FILE/3a20.pdf "Queen Air and King Air 90 series Type Certificate Data Sheet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227121911/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8c3d574efe5ea4a58625733a006a4a8b/$FILE/3a20.pdf |date=February 27, 2008 }} ''FAA.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/aircraft/turboprops/kac90gti/specifications.aspx "C90GTi Specifications."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731030500/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/aircraft/turboprops/kac90gti/specifications.aspx |date=July 31, 2008 }} ''Hawker Beechcraft.'' Retrieved: June 11, 2011.</ref>
! B100<ref>Frawley, Gerald. ''The International Directory of Civil Aircraft'', 1997/98 Edition. Canberra ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd., 1997. {{ISBN|1-875671-26-9}}.</ref>
|-
|Crew
| colspan=2 | 1–2
|-
|Passengers
| 7 max
| 13 max
|-
|Length
| 35 ft 6 in / 10.82 m
| 39 ft 11 in / 12.17 m
|-
|Span
| 50 ft 3 in / 15.32 m
| 45 ft 11 in / 14.0 m

|-
|Height
| 14 ft 3 in / 4.34 m
| 15 ft 5 in / 4.7 m
|-
|Area
| 294 ft2 / 27 m2
| 279.7 ft2 / 26.0 m2
|-
|Empty Weight
| 6,950 lb / 3,150 kg
| 7,092 lb / 3,212 kg
|-
|MTOW
| 10,100 lb / 4,580 kg
| 11,800 lb / 5,352 kg
|-
|Powerplant
| 2x[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6|PT6]]A-135A
| 2x[[Garrett AiResearch TPE-331|TPE-331]]-6-251B or -252
|-
|Power
| 550 shp / 410 kW
| 715 shp / 533 kW{{efn|[[flat rated]], 840 shp thermo.}}
|-
|Propellers
| [[Hartzell Propeller|Hartzell]] HC-E4N-3N
| 4-bladed
|-
|Cruise TAS
| 226 kn / 416 km/h
| 237 kn / 463 km/h
|-
|Max TAS
| 270 kn / 500 km/h
| 265 kn / 491 km/h
|-
|Stall IAS (flaps down)
| 78 kn / 145 km/h
|
|-
|Range
| 1,321 nmi / 2,446 km
| 1,325 nmi / 2,455 km
|-
|Fuel consumption
|
| {{cvt|{{#expr:532/256round2}}|lb/nmi|g/m}}{{efn|532 lb/hr at 256 KTAS (FL 220)<ref name=BCA170130>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/used-aircraft-report-beech-king-air-b100 |title= Used Aircraft Report: Beech King Air B100 |date= January 30, 2017 |author= Fred George |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |publisher= Aviation Week |access-date= February 15, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202111618/http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/used-aircraft-report-beech-king-air-b100 |archive-date= February 2, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>}}
|-
|Ceiling
| 30,000 ft / 9,144 m
| 24,850 ft / 7,574 m
|-
|Climb rate
| 2,000 ft/min / 10.2 m/s
| 2,140 ft/min / 10.87 m/s
|-
|Wing loading
| 34.3 lb/ft2 / 170 kg/m2
| 42.2 lb/ft2 / 205.84 kg/m2
|-
|Power/weight
| 0.099 hp/lb / 179 W/kg
| 0.121 hp/lb / 199.17 W/kg
|}
{{notelist}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Beechcraft Queen Air]]
* [[Beechcraft Super King Air]]
* [[Beechcraft Model 99]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Cessna 425]]
* [[Cessna 441]]
* [[Mitsubishi MU-2]]
* [[Piaggio P.180 Avanti]]
* [[Piper PA-31T Cheyenne]]
* [[Embraer EMB 121 Xingu]]
* [[Swearingen Merlin]]
|see also=
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Harding |first=Stephen |title=U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947 |year=1997 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd. |location=Atglen, PA, USA |isbn= 0-7643-0190-X}}
* Kaminski, Tom. "Variant File: US Military King Airs: Part 1 Beech/Raytheon U-21 and C-12". ''International Air Power Review''. Volume 11, Winter 2003/2004. {{ISBN|1-880588-60-9}}. ISSN 1473-9917. pp. 74–93.
* Kaminski, Tom. "Variant File: US Military King Airs Part 2: C-12". ''International Air Power Review''. Volume 12, Spring 2004. {{ISBN|1-880588-77-3}}. ISSN 1473-9917. pp. 90–98.
* Jackson, Paul. "Beech King Air B200." ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003-2004'', 2004. {{ISBN|0-7106-2537-5}}.
* Phillips, Edward H. ''Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes''. Flying Books, Eagan, Minnesota 1992. {{ISBN|0-911139-11-7}}.
* Simpson, R.W. ''Airlife's General Aviation.'' London: Airlife Publishing, 1991. {{ISBN|1-85310-194-X}}
* Taylor, M. J. H. ed. ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation'' Studio Editions Ltd. {{ISBN|1-85170-324-1}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Beechcraft King Air}}
* {{Official website|http://beechcraft.txtav.com/en/king-air-c90gtx|King Air C90GTx}}
* [https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195809/beech-vc-6a/ Beech VC-6A] – [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]]
* [http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/a346/ Beech King Air timeline from Wings of Kansas]

{{King Air family}}
{{Beechcraft}}
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
{{US transport aircraft}}
{{US utility aircraft}}
{{Thai civil aircraft designations}}
{{Spanish trainer aircraft}}

[[Category:Beechcraft aircraft|King Air]]
[[Category:1960s United States civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:1960s United States business aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1963]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]

John Forster FitzGerald

2026-05-08T00:09:39Z

Greyscaledesign: adding new bio

{{Short description|Irish officer of the British Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Field Marshal (British Army)|Field Marshal]]
| name = Sir John FitzGerald
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}}
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1785
| death_date = 24 March 1877 (aged 92 or 93)
| burial_label =
| burial_place = [[Tours]], France
| birth_place = [[County Clare]], Ireland
| death_place = [[Tours]], France
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[United Kingdom]]
| branch = [[British Army]]
| service_years = 1793–1841
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| unit =
| commands = [[Lancashire Fusiliers|20th Regiment of Foot]] Divisional command in the [[Madras Army]] Divisional command in the [[Bombay Army]]
| battles = {{Tree list}}
*[[French Revolutionary Wars]]
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
**[[Peninsular War]]
***[[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Siege of Badajoz]]{{WIA}}
***[[Battle of Salamanca]]
***[[Battle of Vitoria]]
***[[Battle of the Pyrenees]]{{POW}}
{{tree list/end}}
| awards = [[Army Gold Cross]]
| relations =
| other_work =
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir John Forster FitzGerald''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}} ({{circa}} 1785 – 24 March 1877) was a soldier from [[Ireland]] who served as an officer in the [[British Army]]. He fought in the [[Peninsular War]], seeing action at the [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Battle of Badajoz]], the [[Battle of Salamanca]] and the [[Battle of Vitoria]] and commanding a brigade during the [[Battle of the Pyrenees]] before being captured by the [[French Army]]. He became Commandant of [[Quebec]] and then went on to be Commandant of [[Montreal]], Quebec. He was given command of the [[Lancashire Fusiliers|20th Regiment of Foot]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] before being given a divisional command in the [[Madras Army]] but shortly afterwards transferring to Bombay where he was given a divisional command of the [[Bombay Army]]. He later became a [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]].

==Career==
Born the son of Edward FitzGerald and his second wife, a daughter of Major Thomas Burton, FitzGerald was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in Captain Shee's independent company of foot, then based in [[Ireland]], on 29 October 1793.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB |id=9572 |title=Fitzgerald, Sir John Forster (1784/5–1877) |first=H. M. |last=Chichester |first2=James |last2=Lunt}}</ref> Promoted to [[lieutenant]] in January 1794, he transferred to the [[46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot|46th Regiment of Foot]] with the rank of [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 31 October 1800.<ref name=heath121>Heathcote, p. 121</ref> He subsequently transferred to the newly formed New Brunswick Fencibles on 9 July 1803<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15600|page=835|date=9 July 1803}}</ref> and was promoted to brevet [[Major (rank)|major]] on 25 September 1803.<ref name=heath121/> After exchanging into the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps|60th Royal Americans]] with the substantive rank of major in 1809, he was promoted to [[lieutenant colonel]] on 25 July 1810.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16390|page=1095|date=24 July 1810}}</ref>

FitzGerald fought in the [[Peninsular War]], seeing action at the [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Battle of Badajoz]] in March 1812, the [[Battle of Salamanca]] in July 1812 and the [[Battle of Vitoria]] in June 1813.<ref name=heath121/> He commanded a brigade during the [[Battle of the Pyrenees]] in July 1813 and was captured by the [[French Army]] but was released at the end of the War.<ref name=heath121/> He was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 2 January 1815.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17061|page=1878|date=16 September 1815}}</ref>
[[File:Tours Cathedral Saint-Gatian.jpg|thumb|[[Tours Cathedral]] which, on FitzGerald's death, was the scene of a funeral with the full military honours normally prescribed for a [[marshal of France]]]]
After remaining with his regiment in [[Ireland]] for two years, FitzGerald was sent to [[Gibraltar]] in 1816 and to [[Canada]] in 1818.<ref name=heath121/> He became Commandant of [[Quebec]] in 1818 and, having been promoted to brevet [[colonel]] on 12 August 1819,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17505|page=1443|date=12 August 1819}}</ref> he went on to be Commandant of [[Montreal]], Quebec.<ref name=odnb/> He was given command of the [[Lancashire Fusiliers|20th Regiment of Foot]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] on 5 February 1824 before being promoted to [[major-general]] on 22 July 1830<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=18709|page=1535|date=23 July 1830}}</ref> and being advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 13 September 1831.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=18850|page=1893|date=13 September 1831}}</ref> He was given a divisional command in the [[Madras Army]] in 1838 and but shortly afterwards transferred to Bombay where he was given a divisional command of the [[Bombay Army]].<ref name=heath122>Heathcote, p. 122</ref> Returning to the United Kingdom in early 1841, he was promoted to [[lieutenant-general]] on 23 November 1841<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20044|page=3008|date=24 November 1841}}</ref> and to full [[general]] on 20 June 1854.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21564|page=1931|date=22 June 1854}}</ref>

FitzGerald was also colonel of the [[85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers)]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=19845|page=947|date=10 April 1840}}</ref> of the [[62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20287|page=4000|date=24 November 1843}}</ref> and then of the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21077|page=791|date=15 March 1850}}</ref> He represented [[Clare (UK Parliament constituency)|County Clare]] in Parliament on behalf of the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig Party]] from 1852 to 1857.<ref name=odnb/> He was advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] on 19 November 1862<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22679|page=5343|date=10 November 1862}}</ref> and promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 29 May 1875.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24213|page=2851|date=29 May 1875}}</ref> Having retired to France, FitzGerald decided, at an advanced age, to become a convert to the [[Catholic Church]].<ref name=heath122/> He died at [[Tours]] in France on 24 March 1877; on the orders of [[Jean Auguste Berthaut]], the French [[Minister of Defence (France)|Minister of War]], the garrison of Tours gave FitzGerald a funeral with the full military honours normally prescribed for a [[marshal of France]].<ref name=heath122/> He was buried in St Symphorien cemetery in Tours.<ref name=odnb/>

==Family==
In 1805 FitzGerald married Charlotte Hazen; their children included:
* Charlotte FitzGerald (1805–1853) who married Baron von Ende<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft |page=[https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/344 344]}}</ref>
* Anne FitzGerald (c.1808-1882) who married [[Arbuthnot baronets|Sir Robert Keith Arbuthnot, 2nd Baronet]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Waterston|first1=Charles D.|last2=Macmillan Shearer|first2=A.|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|accessdate=25 November 2011|volume=I|date=July 2006|publisher=[[The Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5|page=34}}</ref>
* Captain John Forster FitzGerald (1820–1848)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clareroots.org/index.php/2011-06-29-19-06-17/2011-06-29-19-14-37/graveyards|title=Coney Island graveyard|publisher=Clare Roots Society|accessdate=8 December 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211130309/http://www.clareroots.org/index.php/2011-06-29-19-06-17/2011-06-29-19-14-37/graveyards|archivedate=11 December 2013}}</ref>

Following the death of his first wife, FitzGerald married Jean Ogilvy in 1839; they had children, including William Walter Augustine Fitzgerald<ref name=TIWW>{{cite TIWW |article=Fitzgerald, William Walter Augustine |page=82 }}</ref> but no further details are recorded.<ref name=odnb/><ref name=heath122/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last=Heathcote|first=Tony|title=The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher= Leo Cooper|location=Barnsley|year= 1999|isbn= 0-85052-696-5}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | sir-john-fitzgerald | John Forster FitzGerald }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box
|title=Colonel of the [[85th Regiment of Foot|85th, or The King's Regiment of Light Infantry (Bucks Volunteers)]]
|years= 4 April 1840
|before=[[William Thornton (British Army officer)|Sir William Thornton]]
|after=[[Thomas Pearson (British Army officer, born 1782)|Sir Thomas Pearson]]
}}
{{succession box
|title=Colonel of the [[62nd Regiment of Foot|62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot]]
|years=21 Nov 1843
|before=[[Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet|Sir Archibald Campbell]]
|after=[[James Fergusson (British Army officer)|Sir James Fergusson]]
}}
{{succession box
|title=Colonel of the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684-1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]]
|years=9 March 1850
|before=[[Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer|Lord Aylmer]]
|after=[[Clement Alexander Edwards|Clement Edwards]]
}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title =[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[County Clare (UK Parliament constituency)|County Clare]]
| with = [[Cornelius O'Brien (County Clare)|Cornelius O'Brien]]
| years = [[1852 United Kingdom general election|1852]]–[[1857 United Kingdom general election|1857]]
| before = [[William Nugent Macnamara]] and [[Lucius O'Brien, 13th Baron Inchiquin|Sir Lucius O'Brien]]
| after = [[Lord Francis Nathaniel Conyngham]] and [[Francis Macnamara Calcutt]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzgerald, John Forster}}
[[Category:1780s births]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from County Clare]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish people]]
[[Category:Irish soldiers]]
[[Category:Irish expatriates in Spain]]
[[Category:Irish expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Irish expatriates in Canada]]
[[Category:Irish expatriates in England]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Clare constituencies (1801–1922)]]
[[Category:Whig (British political party) MPs for Irish constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1852–1857]]
[[Category:Lancashire Fusiliers officers]]
[[Category:Royal American Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War]]
[[Category:Irish expatriates in British India]]
[[Category:British military personnel in colonial India]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Bombay]]

Platyceps gracilis

2026-05-04T16:46:06Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating New Pg!

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Coluber gracilis.jpg
| image_caption =
| image2 = Gunther's Racer Coluber gracilis Snake snake by Dr. Raju Kasambe (16).jpg
| image2_caption = Lower photo: Dr. Raju Kasambe, BNHS Conservation Education Centre, [[Goregaon]], [[Mumbai, India]].
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite journal | vauthors = Srinivasulu C, Srinivasulu B, Mohapatra P, Vyas R, Thakur S | title = ''Coluber gracilis'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2013 | page = e.T172692A1367883 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172692A1367883.en | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| genus = Platyceps
| species = gracilis
| authority = ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862)
| range_map = Coluber gracilis distribution.png
| synonyms = *''Zamenis gracilis'' {{small|Günther, 1862}}
*''Tyria gracilis'' {{small|— [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1862}}
*''Coluber gracilis'' {{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}
*''Argyrogena gracilis'' {{small|— [[Ramesh Chandra Sharma|Sharma]], 2004}}
*''Platyceps gracilis'' {{small|— [[Van Wallach|Wallach]] et al., 2014}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Platyceps |species=gracilis |accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Platyceps gracilis''''', commonly known as the '''graceful racer''' or '''slender racer''',<ref name=RDB/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansnakes.org/Snakedatabase/Racers/Slender%20Racer/slender_racer.html|title=Slender Racer - ''Coluber gracilis ''|publisher=Indian Snakes Database|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> is a [[species]] of [[snake]] [[endemic]] to [[Western India|West India]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB/>

==Description==
:''See [[snake scales]] for terms used''
[[Snout]] is obtuse; rostral nearly as deep as broad, just visible from above; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the occipitals; loreal nearly as deep as long; one preocular, with a small subocular below 3 two postoculars; temporals 2+2; 9 upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; 4 or 5 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior, separated anteriorly by two scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Ventrals ungulate laterally, 213–228; anal divided; subcaudals 118–121. Yellowish above, with a series of large round brown spots edged with black, separated by narrow interspaces; these spots become more indistinct on the posterior part of the body; a black cross-band on the snout and three angular dark brown black-edged bands on the head, the anterior between the eye, the posterior extending on to the nape; lower parts yellowish, with an irregular series of black spots on each side. Total length 33 inches; tail 10.<ref name=Boulenger>{{cite book| last = Boulenger| first = GA| authorlink = George Albert Boulenger| title = The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia| year = 1890| publisher = Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers)| location = London| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5490}} xviii + 541 pp. (''Zamenis gracilis'', p. 327).</ref>

==Distribution==
''P. gracilis'' is endemic to the [[Western India|West of India]], and has been sighted in the [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. According to observations documented via [[iNaturalist]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Observations • iNaturalist |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=6681&subview=table&taxon_id=540107 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=[[iNaturalist]].org}}</ref> the species has been seen in the areas of [[Dhalewadi]], [[Dhule]], [[Kondhur]], [[Matheran]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Thane]] ([[Kalwa, Thane|Kalwa]]) in [[Maharashtra]];<ref name=":0" /> in [[Rajasthan]], it is known from [[Chittorgarh]] and [[Udaipur]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB/><ref name=":0" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part.'' London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (''Zamenis gracilis'', p. 404).
*[[Albert Günther|Günther A]] (1862) "On new Species of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum". ''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Third Series'' '''9''': 124–132. (''Zamenis gracilis'', new species, pp. 125–126).
*Schätti B, [[:fr:Larry David Wilson|Wilson LD]] (1986). "''Coluber'' Linnaeus. Holarctic racers". ''Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles'' (399): 1–4.
*[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith MA]] (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.'' London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Coluber gracilis'', new combination, pp. 171–172).

==External links==
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/wildlifer-india/5869356814/ Image of ''Coluber gracilis''] on Flickr

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2984528}}

[[Category:Platyceps|gracilis]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1862]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]

{{Colubrinae-stub}}

Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971

2026-05-03T15:48:22Z

Greyscaledesign: Started initial entry v1

{{Short description|1971 Indian law}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971
| image = Emblem of India.svg
| imagesize = 100px
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to provide for detention in certain cases for the purpose of maintenance of ,internal security and matters connected
therewith.
| citation = Act No. 26 of 1971
| territorial_extent = [[India]] except [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|J&K]]
| enacted_by =
| date_passed =
| enacted_by2 =
| date_passed2 =
| assented_by = [[President of India|President]] [[V. V. Giri]]
| date_assented = 2 July 1971
| date_commenced =
| date_repealed = 3 August 1978
| bill_history_url =
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| introduced_by =
| date_introduced =
| passed =
| passed_for =
| passed_against =
| passed2 =
| passed2_for =
| passed2_against =
| date_final_passage =
| amends =
| repeals = Maintenance of Internal Security Ordinance, 1971
| amended_by = {{Ubl|Maintenance of Internal Security (Amendment) Act, 1975|Maintenance of Internal Security (Amendment) Act, 1976|Maintenance of Internal Security (Second Amendment) Act, 1976}}
| repealed_by = Maintenance of Internal Security (Repeal) Act, 1978
| related_legislation =
| related_cases =
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = repealed
}}

The '''Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971''' (MISA) was a controversial [[Indian law|law]] passed by the [[Indian parliament]] in 1971, giving the administration of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and Indian law enforcement agencies very broad powers – indefinite [[preventive detention]] of individuals, search and seizure of property without warrants, and wiretapping – in the quelling of civil and political disorder in [[India]], as well as countering foreign-inspired [[sabotage]], [[terrorism]], [[wikt:subterfuge|subterfuge]] and threats to national security. The law was amended several times during the subsequently declared [[The Emergency (India)|national emergency]] (1975–1977) and used for quelling political dissent. Finally, it was repealed in 1977, when Indira Gandhi lost the [[1977 Indian general election]] and the [[Janata Party]] came to power.<ref name="GangulyDiamond2007">{{cite book|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|last2=Diamond|first2=Larry|last3=Plattner|first3=Marc F.|title=The State of India's Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgs1tFTh-JMC&pg=PA130|date=13 August 2007|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8791-8|pages=130–}}</ref>

==History==
MISA was enacted on 2 July 1971, and replaced a previous ordinance with similar intent called, the "Maintenance of Internal Security Ordinance" promulgated by the [[President of India]] on 7 May 1971. The Act was based on the Preventive Detention Act of 1950 (PDA), enacted for a period of a year, before it was extended until 31 December 1969.<ref name="HardingHatchard1993">{{cite book|last1=Harding|first1=Andrew|last2=Hatchard|first2=John|title=Preventive Detention and Security Law: A Comparative Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0eBd0JDvRQC&pg=PA61|year=1993|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=0-7923-2432-3|pages=61–}}</ref>

The legislation gained infamy for its disregard of legal and constitutional safeguards of [[civil rights]], especially when "going all the way down" on the competition, and during the period of [[The Emergency (India)|national emergency]] (1975–1977) as thousands of innocent people were believed to have been arbitrarily arrested, tortured and in some cases, even [[Forced sterilization|forcibly sterilized]].<ref name="Saxena2007">{{cite book|last=Saxena|first=Priti|title=Preventive Detention and Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2k3QCHpcroC&pg=PA99|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7629-992-3|pages=99–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Current Trends in Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-c0nGTRxRIC&pg=PA115|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-798-1|pages=115–}}</ref>

The legislation was also invoked to justify the arrest of Indira Gandhi's political opponents, including the leaders and activists of the opposition [[Janata Party]]. In all, during the emergency period of 1975–1977, some 100,000 people, which included journalists, scholars, activists and opposition politicians, were detained without trial for up to 18 months. Some people were even detained for opposing forced sterilization drives or demolition of slums carried out during this period.<ref name="GangulyDiamond2007"/>

The [[Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India|39th Amendment]] to the [[Constitution of India]] placed MISA in the [[Constitution of India#Schedules|9th Schedule]] to the Constitution, thereby making it totally immune from any [[judicial review]] even on the grounds that it contravened the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution, or violated the [[Basic Structure]].{{fact|date=February 2024}}

The law was repealed in 1977 following the election of a [[Janata Party]]-led government; the [[List of amendments to the Constitution of India|44th Amendment Act of 1978]] similarly removed MISA from the 9th Schedule.<ref name="HardingHatchard1993"/>

However, other coercive legislation like [[Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act|Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958]] (AFSPA), the [[Essential Services Maintenance Act]] (ESMA, 1968), and economic counterpart of the act, [[Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act]] (COFEPOSA) enacted on 13 December 1974 to prevent smuggling and black-marketing in foreign exchange is still enforced.<ref name="HardingHatchard1993"/> Controversial successors to such legislation include the [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] (1980), [[Terrorism and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] (TADA, 1985–1995), and the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002|Prevention of Terrorism Act]] (POTA, 2002), criticized for authorizing excessive powers for the aim of fighting internal and cross-border terrorism and political violence, without safeguards for civil freedoms.<ref name="HardingHatchard1993"/><ref name="Singh2009">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Ujjwal Kumar|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yx00xCWCulEC&pg=PA246|date=6 January 2009|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-7829-884-9|pages=246–}}</ref>

==Pension==
In the non-[[Indian National Congress]] ruled states of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref name=hindu/><ref>{{cite web | title = Misa detainees to get monthly pension in Chhattisgarh|publisher=The Telegraph | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080524/jsp/nation/story_9311405.jsp | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140529063625/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080524/jsp/nation/story_9311405.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 29 May 2014 |date=24 May 2008| access-date = 2014-05-29 }}</ref> people detained under Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) and Defence of India Act (DIR) during the 1975-1977 national emergency, get [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] {{formatnum:15000}} pension per month from the respective state governments. In 2014, the Rajasthan government restarted its pension scheme of Rs. {{formatnum:12000}} per month for 800 enlisted former detainees, first launched under Chief Minister [[Vasundhara Raje]]'s first term in 2008. The scheme was discontinued in 2009, by [[Ashok Gehlot]]-led Congress government.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web | title = Raje re-launches pension scheme for MISA and DIR detainees |work=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/raje-relaunches-pension-scheme-for-misa-and-dir-detainees/article5738477.ece |date=1 March 2014|access-date = 2014-05-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Monthly pension to detainees under Maintenance of Internal Security Act
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Monthly-pension-to-detainees-under-Maintenance-of-Internal-Security-Act/articleshow/28353798.cms |date=4 January 2014| access-date = 2014-05-29 | work = [[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

==Detainees==
{{moresources|section|date=February 2024}}
Some notable political leaders imprisoned under Maintenance of Internal Security Act:
* [[Jayprakash Narayan]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vajpayee-was-in-bengaluru-prison-during-emergency-118081601491_1.html|title = 'Vajpayee was in Bengaluru prison during Emergency'|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 16 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[Lal Krishna Advani]]
* [[Chandra Shekhar]]
* [[Devi Lal (politician)|Devi Lal]]
* [[George Fernandes]]
* [[M. K. Stalin]]
* [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]]
* Jai Kishan Gupta (one of the longest MISA detainee from Delhi)
* [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
* [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
* Santosh Bharti, thrice (1973 - 74 - 75)
* [[Sharad Yadav]], twice (1973–75)
* [[Vijay Rupani]]
* Charanjeet Bhatia
* Choudhary Mir Singh philanthropist from Munirka, Delhi
* Dr. Satpal kapoor, Sonepat (Hr.)
* N. Azu Newmai, one of the leaders of UDF, a regional political party of Nagaland

==See also==
* [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|42nd Amendment Act of 1976]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|title=Maintenance of Internal Security Act of 1971| url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/textofcentralacts/1971.pdf |pages=91–97|publisher= Ministry of Law}}

{{Indian Emergency}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maintenance Of Internal Security Act}}
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1971]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Internal security issues of India]]
[[Category:Repealed Indian legislation]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi administration]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Repealed Acts of the Parliament of India]]

Income-tax Act, 2025

2026-04-26T10:40:11Z

Greyscaledesign:

{{Short description|Legislation in India}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Income-tax Act, 2025
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to income-tax.
| citation = [https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf Act. No. 30 of 2025]
| territorial_extent = [[India]]
| enacted_by = [[House of People (India)|House of People]]
| date_passed = 11 August 2025
| bill_history_url = https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-income-tax-no2-bill-2025
| bill = Income-tax (No. 2) Bill, 2025
| bill_citation = [https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/income%20tax%202811202521448PM.pdf?source=legislation Bill No. 104 of 2025]
| introduced_by = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] {{small|Minister of Finance, Minister of Corporate Affairs}}
| date_introduced = 11 August 2025
| passed = 11 August 2025
| passed2 = 12 August 2025
| enacted_by2 = [[Council of States (India)|Council of States]]
| date_passed2 = 12 August 2025
| assented_by = [[President of India|President]] [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| date_assented = 21 August 2025
| date_commenced = 1 April 2026
| repeals = [[Income-tax Act, 1961]]
| status = in force
}}

The '''Income-tax Act, 2025''' is the charging statute of [[income tax in India]]. It contains 536 sections across 23 chapters and 16 schedules, aiming to modernise the country’s [[direct tax]] system, simplify compliance, and reduce litigation.<ref name="bill">{{cite web |title=The Income-tax (No. 2) Bill, 2025 |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/income%20tax%202811202521448PM.pdf?source=legislation |website=Parliament of India |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref>

The revised bill was tabled on 11 August 2025 following the withdrawal of an earlier version introduced in February 2025, and became law upon receiving Presidential assent on 21 August 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-08-22 |title=Income Tax Act gets President Droupadi Murmu's assent |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/income-tax-act-gets-president-droupadi-murmus-assent/article69965067.ece |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Background and Timeline ==
The Ministry of Finance announced a comprehensive overhaul of the Income-tax Act, 1961, citing the need for simplification after over six decades of amendments.<ref>{{cite news |title=FM Nirmala Sitharaman tables revised Income Tax Bill in Lok Sabha |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-introduces-modified-income-tax-bill-in-lok-sabha-3943107/ |work=The Financial Express |date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref>

The original ''Income-tax Bill, 2025'' was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 13 February 2025 and referred to a [[Select committee (parliamentary system)|Select Committee]] chaired by MP [[Baijayant Panda]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New Income Tax Bill 2025: Key changes you need to know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/new-income-tax-bill-2025-for-common-man-better-understanding-of-law-and-smoother-tax-compliances-expected/articleshow/118377911.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2025-02-19 |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> The committee submitted over 285 recommendations, of which 32 were considered significant. Based on this feedback, the government withdrew the bill on 8 August 2025 and introduced a revised version three days later.

On 7 February 2026, the IT Department released the final draft rules and forms that will come into place and sought for public opinion for changes and comments if any prior to effecting the legislation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-02-07 |title=I-T dept releases draft rules, forms for new Income Tax Act; seeks public inputs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/i-t-dept-releases-draft-rules-forms-for-new-income-tax-act-seeks-public-inputs/article70604846.ece |access-date=2026-02-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Timeline ===

* 13 February 2025, ''Income-tax Bill, 2025'' was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] and was sent to select committee.
* 21 July 2025: The select committee has submitted its report to the parliament.
* 8 August 2025: The ''Income-tax Bill, 2025'' was withdrawn in Lok Sabha.
* 11 August 2025: The ''Income-tax (No. 2) Bill, 2025,'' was introduced and passed by Lok Sabha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-11 |title=FM Nirmala Sitharaman tables revised Income Tax Bill, 2025 in Lok Sabha – Key updates you need to know |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-introduces-modified-income-tax-bill-in-lok-sabha-3943107/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 12 August 2025: The ''Income-tax (No. 2) Bill, 2025,'' was introduced and passed by Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/new-income-tax-bill-cleared-by-parliament-awaits-president-s-nod/ar-AA1KnVFp |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>
* 21 August 2025: The ''Income-tax'' (No. 2) Bill, 2025 receives Presidential assent making it an Act.<ref name=":0" />
* 1 April 2026, The Income Tax Act, 2025, came into force.

== Key provisions ==
Major features of the Act include:
* Streamlining the tax process by replacing the complicated distinction between the “Assessment Year” and “Previous Year” with a single, unified “Tax Year” concept.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why the Income Tax Bill 2025 replaces Assessment Year with Tax Year |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/why-the-income-tax-bill-2025-replaces-assessment-year-with-tax-year-3752025/ |work=Financial Express |date=2025-02-17 |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref>
* Retention of a ₹12 lakh annual basic exemption limit with revised tax slabs to benefit middle-income groups.<ref>{{cite news |title=Income Tax Bill 2025: What changes for you |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/income-tax-bill-2025-what-changes-for-you/articleshow/118378999.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=2025-08-12 |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref>
* Reduction of total sections from over 800 in the 1961 Act to 536.
* Digital-first, faceless assessment procedures to reduce human interface and curb corruption.
* Clarification on standard deduction for house property and pre-construction interest for home loan borrowers.
* Full deduction of commuted lump-sum pension from specified pension schemes.
* Provision for faster refunds post income-tax return deadlines, and requirement for prior notice before enforcement.
* Restrictions on anonymous donations to certain religious trusts.
* The Act expands the definition of "undisclosed income", which included money, bullion, jewellery, or other valuable articles, to include virtual digital assets.

== Structure overview ==
The Act is divided into 23 chapters covering topics from preliminary definitions to miscellaneous provisions, and includes 16 schedules on exemptions, deductions, and procedural rules.

== See also ==
* [[Income-tax Act, 1961]]
* [[Budget of India]]
* [[Taxation in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxation in India}}

[[Category:2025 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Income tax in India]]
[[Category:Indian tax legislation]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2025]]
[[Category:History of taxation in India]]

Comedian Agostinho

2026-04-24T17:25:49Z

Greyscaledesign: new a details!

{{Short description|Comedian and actor (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Comedian Agostinho
| image = Agostinho Temudo (cropped).jpg
| caption = Temudo at the [[Kala Academy]], 2016
| birth_name = Agostinho Temudo
| birth_place = [[Navelim]], Goa, India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|3|17|df=y}}
| education = [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC)
| years_active = 1980s–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|director|producer|screenwriter|playwright}}
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/agostinho.temudo}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Jesmin Rebelo|1997}}
| children = 3
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = 3rd President of [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]
| term_start = 4 September 2015
| term_end = October 2018
| predecessor = [[Prince Jacob]]
| successor = [[Menino De Bandar]]
}}
}}

'''Agostinho Temudo''' (born 17 March 1964), known professionally as '''Comedian Agostinho''', is a comedian, actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and playwright based in [[London, UK]]. He is known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions. Referred to as the "Comedy King",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dabbling in Art and Culture, Minister Govind Gaude to soon make tiatr debut as cop in 'Chor' |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Dabbling-in-Art-and-Culture-Minister-Govind-Gaude-to-soon-make-tiatr-debut-as-cop-in-%E2%80%98Chor%E2%80%99/201897 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> he is best known for being part of the [[Comedy troupe|comedy trio]] alongside [[Comedian Selvy]] and [[Comedienne Janet]], for which they were awarded<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-01-07 |title=Who are the winners of Goa's first 'Tiatr and Film Awards'? |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/who-are-the-winners-of-goas-first-tiatr-and-film-awards |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Goa News in English on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> the Best Comedy Trio. Temudo is a former president of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]], having served from September 2015 to October 2018. His plays are based on [[Social issue|societal themes]], some of which exposed corruption by the [[Corruption in India|local government, police departments, and local politicians]].

==Early life==
Agostinho Temudo was born on 17 March 1964 in [[Navelim]], [[Goa]], India.<ref name=":1" /> His father was a tailor and he grew up among seven siblings. Growing up, Temudo had a number of responsibilities around the household. He engaged in the distribution of milk from his family's cattle to their established clientele during his daily commute to and from school. Additionally, in the afternoons, he would retrieve the vacant milk containers from these transactions.<ref name=":0" />

The Temudo family resided in the Dongorim area of Navelim. As a child, he was described as being mischievous in nature. He enjoyed in engaging in light-hearted pranks and playful teasing with his companions, a tendency that continued even after he began his schooling. While these antics may have been seen as problematic at the time, they would later prove beneficial for Temudo. He attended Rosary High School in Navelim, where he completed his secondary education and received his [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC). It was during his time at this school that Temudo was afforded his first acting opportunity.<ref name=":0" />

Due to financial constraints, Temudo was unable to pursue further formal education beyond his current level of schooling. During his time as a student, he was reportedly somewhat weak in his command of the English language. However, his teachers recognized his creativity and playful nature, with his English instructor, Ms. Shalini, offering him a role in an English-language school play titled ''The Escaped Lunatic''. On the day of the production, Temudo's performance in the play was well-received by both his teachers and peers, who lavished him with praise for his acting abilities.<ref name=":0" />

It was noted that Temudo himself was unaware until after the completion of the play that he had been cast in the lead role, and that the success of the production was influenced by his performance and theatrical abilities. This initial foray into the school's theatrical sphere marked the beginning of his involvement in various extracurricular stage presentations and concerts hosted by the institution. He became a regular participant in these types of school-based [[performing arts]] events following his successful debut in ''The Escaped Lunatic''.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Temudo caught the interest of the elder figures within his nearby community. The older boys in his village offered him the opportunity to take on a comedic role in an upcoming ''[[tiatr]]'' performance, that was scheduled as part of the village's annual feast in [[Navelim]]. It was during this ''tiatr'' production that Temudo caught the eye of Albert, another resident of the village who was known for writing [[folk play]]s (''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell]]s''). During the [[Carnival in Goa|carnival season]], Temudo secured a role in one of Albert's traditional play performances. He continued to hone his acting skills by appearing in Albert's plays, titled ''Vonott'' and ''Baim'' (Well). He was later enlisted by a well-known ''tiatr'' artist named Lino Dourado. While working with Dourado in the ''tiatr Mauli'', Temudo was approached by [[Jose Rod]] and offered a major comedic role in that production. In the ''Mauli tiatr'', Temudo collaborated with popular comedic actors such as [[Comedian Domnic]] and Comedian Philip Pereira. His work alongside these ''[[tiatrist]]s'' appeared to boost his reputation and career. In a short time, he started to receive invitations from several popular playwrights who were actively working in that era.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2013-04-11 |title=Society's conscience-keeper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/societys-conscience-keeper/articleshow/19485679.cms |access-date=2024-08-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801120342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/societys-conscience-keeper/articleshow/19485679.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the mid-2010s, Temudo transitioned from being one of the popular actors on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] to becoming a popular director within the same theatrical tradition. His directorial career commenced in 2000 with the play ''Suseg'', following his tenure as the primary comedian working with the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] artist [[Roseferns]], collaborating with the latter on several ''tiatrs''. Although transitioning to focus on directing his own ''tiatrs'', Temudo maintained his involvement in acting. While taking a break from his directing duties, he joined the ensemble of Konkani artist [[Mario Menezes]], simultaneously presenting his own productions during the [[monsoon]] period. The pivotal moment in Temudo's career came in 2007 when he took the significant step of forming his own [[theatre troupe]] and directing his own ''tiatr'', titled ''Sir''. This production marked a turning point, establishing his directional abilities. Temudo credits the guidance and mentorship of actor-director Samuel Carvalho, in addition to his personal insights of demonstrating an understanding of the complexities associated with producing a ''tiatr'', for his transformation from an actor to a director.<ref name=":0" />

Temudo has produced several works that examine the issue of corruption in [[Goan]] society. His plays ''Police'' and ''Police-II'' illuminate the pervasive problem of [[Police corruption|corruption in law enforcement]], showcasing both the prevalence of dishonest practices within the police force and the portrayal of upright and virtuous police officers. In a later ''tiatr'' named ''Public'', Temudo directed his scrutiny towards the manifestation of [[Corruption in local government|corrupt practices]] within the realm of local [[panchayat]]s. His 2013 work ''Corruption Kabar?'' (Corruption Over?) also addressed the theme of corruption, though the playwright rejected allegations that he simply reused material from his previous plays. In this ''tiatr'', Temudo illustrated the struggles of a [[senior citizen|senior woman]] living in poverty, showcasing her interactions with mistreatment and dishonest actions within society. He also showcased how a rape incident could lead to the perpetuation of corrupt behavior. Through this play, Temudo suggested that corruption has permeated various spheres of Goan life, extending beyond just the [[political class]]. His body of work aimed to raise awareness about the widespread and systemic nature of corruption in Goa. His ''tiatrs'' depicted corruption as a societal problem, with common citizens also partaking in and perpetuating corrupt practices.<ref name=":0" />

In September 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-02 |title=Tiatr mogiank mhozo manacho salam |url=http://www.tiatracademygoa.com/President%20of%20Tiatr%20Academy%20of%20Goa5.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |archive-date=2018-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102012725/http://www.tiatracademygoa.com/President%20of%20Tiatr%20Academy%20of%20Goa5.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Temudo was nominated for and elected to the position of president of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] (TAG). His appointment was reportedly facilitated by the support of [[Avertano Furtado]], a local politician who was the [[MLA (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for [[Navelim Assembly constituency|Navelim]] at the time, a close aid of Temudo. His elevation to the TAG presidency drew criticism, as he was perceived to lack the requisite administrative expertise and academic credentials commonly linked with the position. ''The Goan Everyday'', published an article by Melba Vas that characterized Temudo's tenure as a "death blow" to the TAG. Vas alleged Temudo of making decisions that showed preferential treatment towards certain ''[[tiatr]]'' performers while neglecting others, and that awards were granted based on the Temudo's personal preferences rather than merit. Furthermore, it was claimed that the organization's rules were modified to benefit Temudo and his supporters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr CM, give TAG a president! |url=https://www.thegoan.net//mr-cm-give-tag-a-president/56334.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801120340/https://www.thegoan.net//mr-cm-give-tag-a-president/56334.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-2023, Temudo released a new ''tiatr'' production titled ''Past is Past''. This work went on to achieve historic significance, as it was staged in the United Kingdom<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK comedian set to create history in Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/UK-comedian-set-to-create-history-in-Goa/215157 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> and Ireland, marking the first time a [[Goan]] ''tiatr'' had been performed in the latter region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Tiatr enthrals Goan community in Ireland |url=https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/first-tiatr-enthrals-goan-community-in-ireland/101120.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801120337/https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/first-tiatr-enthrals-goan-community-in-ireland/101120.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The production's [[Goa]] debut was also generally well-received.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-01-21 |title=Tiatr review: Tiatr 'Past Is Past' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-tiatr-past-is-past |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Temudo is married. He has two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2013 |title=Goan Tiatr Corruption Kabar in Kuwait - Friday 12th April |url=https://retributor25.rssing.com/chan-13620356/all_p1.html |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=RSSing.com}}</ref> His son, Aidan later joined his father's theatre troupe as a [[trumpeter]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-18 |title=A worthy effort to revive non-stop dramas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-worthy-effort-to-revive-non-stop-dramas/articleshow/55484142.cms |access-date=2024-08-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801191908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-worthy-effort-to-revive-non-stop-dramas/articleshow/55484142.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> While Temudo did not pursue ''[[tiatrist]]'' work as a full-time profession, he was employed at the Rosary College in Navelim for nearly two decades, starting in around 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Centenarian 'Pai' |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-Centenarian-%E2%80%98Pai%E2%80%99/85108 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801191620/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-Centenarian-%E2%80%98Pai%E2%80%99/85108 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, he was residing in his ancestral home located in Dongorim, Navelim.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=9 |language=en |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-date=2023-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908091103/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the 2010s, Temudo relocated to [[London, UK]], where he settled.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Selvy will make Goans laugh no more |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Comedian-Selvy-will-make-Goans-laugh-no-more/192177 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228115015/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Comedian-Selvy-will-make-Goans-laugh-no-more/192177 |url-status=live }}</ref> He maintained close professional relationships with fellow [[Goan]] entertainers [[Comedy Queen Janet]] and [[Comedian Selvy]], performing alongside them as part of a [[Comedy troupe|comedic trio]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousands bid Comedian Selvy a tearful adieu |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Thousands-bid-Comedian-Selvy-a-tearful-adieu/192296 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228114924/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Thousands-bid-Comedian-Selvy-a-tearful-adieu/192296 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

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Muhammad Husayn Batalwi

2026-04-20T00:40:16Z

Greyscaledesign: Started initial post more to come

{{short description|19th-century Indian Islamic scholar}}
{{Citation style|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|era =
|image =
|caption =
|name = Muhammad Hussain Batalvi
|title = [[Mawlawi (Islamic title)|Mawlawi]], [[Shaykh]]
|birth_date = {{birth date text|1840}}
|birth_place = [[Batala]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1920|1840}}
|death_place= Batala
|ethnicity =
|region = [[Punjab]], India
|religion=[[Islam]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Non-denominational Muslim|Ghayr muqallid]]
|school_tradition = [[Athari]]
|movement = [[Ahl-i Hadith]]
|main_interests =
|notable_ideas =
|works =
|influences =
|influenced =
}}
'''Abū Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn Baṭālvī''' ({{circa|1840}}–1920) was an Indian Islamic scholar of the [[Ahl-i Hadith]] movement during the late 19th and early 20th-century in [[British India]]. A native of [[Batala]] in the [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], he became a student of [[Syed Nazeer Husain|Syed Nazir Husain Dehlawi]] and is considered one of the founders of the Ahl-i Hadith alongside him and [[Siddiq Hasan Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Charles Allen|title=God's Terrorists: The Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad|date=2006|publisher=Abacus|isbn=978-0-349-11879-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKK0_bM-4n8C|pages=205}}</ref> Batalvi was the editor of the magazine ''Isha'atus Sunnah'' and is best known for being a major antagonist to [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement.<ref>Mir Qasim Ali, ''Batalvi ka Anjam'', 1931</ref>

==Early life==
Muhammad Hussain Batalvi was born around 1840 in [[Batala]]. His father, Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh, was an apothecary. In his childhood, he received elementary education, from Molvi Gul Ali Shah, a Shia, these were the times when [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] also attended the same teacher. The two were to become lifelong friends, but intellectual foes.<ref>A R Dard, ''The Life of Ahmad'', (1948) p. 36</ref> He received further religious education from [[Abdullah Ghaznavi]] at Amritsar, before proceeding to Delhi where he studied [[Hadith]], logic and grammar from [[Syed Nazeer Husain|Syed Nazir Husain]].<ref>Biography of Batalvi, Fadl Hussain, Akbari Press, Agra, 1908.pp. 81, 307).</ref>
After completing his religious studies, he returned to Batala in 1868.<ref>[Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya] Part IV, p.520, Ruhani Khazain Vol-01, page 621]</ref><ref>Life of Ahmad, by A R Dard (1948) p. 54</ref> Muhammad Hussain married twice, he had seven sons and three daughters.<ref>The Life of Ahmad, by A R Dard, page. 368.(1948).</ref>

==Literary career==
In 1878 he started publishing the magazine ''Isha‘atus Sunnah''. It was a voice of the [[Ahle Hadith]] movement in the Punjab of the time. The magazine became quite popular and was recognized by notable scholars and Government Officials. When Sir [[Charles Umpherston Aitchison]], Governor of the Punjab from 1882 to 1887,<ref>[[List of governors of Punjab (British India)]]</ref> left the area in April 1887, he gave Muhammad Hussain, a certificate testifying to his ability and learning. Muhammad Hussain proudly records this fact.<ref>[See ‘ Isha‘atus Sunnah’ Vol. 20, No. 3 ]</ref> Batalvi was also involved in theological debates with scholars of the [[Deobandi]] school and the [[Quranist]] scholar Abdullah Chakralawi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara D.|title=Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdH_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|year=2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-5610-7|pages=212–213, 289}}</ref>

===The term Ahle-Hadith===
The Punjab had been a seat of violent insurgent activities by the [[Wahhabi]]s for about fifty years from 1830 till 1880. The government had to send twenty expeditions to subdue the [[Wahhabi]] movement.<ref>"The great Wahabi Movement covered a period of over 50 years and was spread from the North-West Frontier to Bengal and Bihar. It was not an ephemeral or sudden upheaval: without any definite aim or organization, like the Revolt of 1857. The movement continued well over forty years after the death of its leader Saiyid Ahmed in 1831. The British sent over twenty expeditions before they were able to crush the movement. Important leaders of the movement-Yahya Ali, Ahmadullah, Amiruddin, Ibrahim Mandal, Rafique Mandal and their comrades were tried at the state trials of Ambala (1864), Patna (1865), Malda (Sept. 1870) and Rajmahal (October 1870), convicted and transported for life." .{{cite web |url=http://www.aicc.org.in/new/india-struggle-for-freedom.php |title=All India Congress Committee - AICC |access-date=2013-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318133559/http://www.aicc.org.in/new/india-struggle-for-freedom.php |archive-date=18 March 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The term Wahhabi had assumed a rather derogatory connotation in India and in the later parts of the Nineteenth Century. Wahhabism had been associated with militant insurgency in the Punjab and North West Frontier of British India. It was in this context that Batalvi requested that they be 'un-linked' from an unwanted impression of being Wahhabis. Batalvi wrote an application to the then [[Viceroy of India]] [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton]] that they be called [[Ahl-e-Hadith]] rather than Wahhabi, which was granted on 19 January 1887.<ref>Magazine ''Isha'at-as-Sunnah'', (محمد حسين بٹالوي، اشاعۃ السنۃ،ص:47، لاہور،ج:11,شمارہ،2)</ref> He wrote himself: "Queen Victoria first named us Muhammadi, and then [[Ahl-e-Hadith]]."<ref>Isha’at al-Sunnah, pp. 24-26, No. 2, Vol. 11</ref>

===Views on jihad===
Batalvi advocated "to wield the pen" rather than resorting to the use of force and militant means, He wrote:
<blockquote>Some of our Muslim brothers believe that the present misfortunes of the followers of Islam cannot be removed without the sword. It is no use acquiring worldly education. However, looking at the present condition of the Muslims, this belief appears improbable."..."Brethren! the age of the sword is no more. Now instead of the sword it is necessary to wield the pen. How can the sword come into the hands of the Muslims when they have no hands. They have no national identity or existence. In such a useless and weak condition, to consider them as a nation is to exceed the imagination of Shaikh Chilli [a proverbial, comical figure in Urdu fiction].<ref>[http://mpacuk.org/content/view/2038/51/ ''Isha'at-as-Sunnah'', vol. vi, no. 12, December 1883, p. 364] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513213524/http://www.mpacuk.org/content/view/2038/51/ |date=13 May 2008 }}</ref></blockquote>

In his book, ''Iqtisaad-fi-Massaiil-Jihad'' Molvi Muhammad Hussain wrote: "It is haram [prohibited] to wage [[Jihad]] against the British."<ref>Jihad is prohibited for the Muslims in the British territories, "Iqtisaad-fi-Massaiil-Jihad" pp: 47-50 [https://www.scribd.com/doc/117687401/Al-Iqtisaad-Fi-Masayil-e-Jehad-by-Muhammad-Hussain-Batalvi-Guru]</ref><ref>[http://www.alahazrat.net/library/englisharticles/aqeedah/wahabi.htm Verdict about Jihad]</ref>

===Hostility to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad===
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who later claimed to be the Promised [[Messiah]] and [[Mahdi]] in Ahmediyya, was a lifelong friend of Muhammad Hussain Batalvi. They had been attending the same teacher in childhood. Batalvi's father Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh also used to visit Qadian.<ref>Life of Ahmad, by A R Dard (1948) p.77</ref> When Mirza Ghulam Ahmad wrote his magnum opus, the [[Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya]], Batalvi wrote a very favourable review upon it, covering a good two hundred pages, being serially published in his magazine. Muhammad Hussain Batalvi wrote:
<blockquote>In our opinion, from the point of view of the modern age, this book stands unique in the history of Islam. No book has ever been published like it in the past, and we cannot say anything about the future, which is known only to God. The perseverance of the author in the service of Islam, through his life, his energy, pen, tongue, and every form of activity is almost unprecedented amongst Muslims. This should not be taken as Asiatic exaggeration. We challenge anyone to show us the like of this book.<ref>[Isha‘atus-Sunnah (vol. 6, Nos. 6-11)]</ref> And the author of ''Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya'' is committed to the [[shariah]] of Muhammad, pious and upright in view of the experience and testimony of supporters and opponents alike.<ref>[Isha‘atus-Sunnah (vol. 7, No. 9, p.284)]</ref></blockquote>
Batalvi's opinion of Ahmad changed in 1891, when Ahmad published his various spiritual claims and declared that [[Jesus]] son of Mary had died his natural death and the [[Second Coming]] was a metaphor, referring only to the coming of a disciple of [[Muhammad]] who would be appointed to the spiritual station of [[Messiah]]. This prophecy, he claimed, had fulfilled in his very own person. This marked the end of a lifelong friendship and Batalvi turned into an arch enemy of Ahmad and his [[Ahmadiyya]] Community in his later life.

On 31 January 1891, Muhammad Hussain Batalvi wrote a letter to Ahmad asking him whether Ahmad had really claimed to be the promised Messiah. Ahmad thought it sufficient to write only "Yes" in answer. Because Muhammad Hussain had asked him to say "Yes or No".<ref>Ahmad’s reply is dated 5 February 1891. (Isha‘atus Sunnah, Vol. 12, No.12).</ref><ref>Maktobaat e Ahmad, Vol-1, P.311 (Letter no.5) (2008)</ref>

In his later life Muhammad Hussain Batalvi took it for his life-mission to undo whatever Ahmad intended to do. He organised a [[Fatwa]] [religious verdict] signed by hundreds of [[Ulema]] religious scholars that Ahmad was an unbeliever, or [[kafir]].<ref>Fatwas were published all over the country excommunicating him and declaring him to be an infidel. He was called Dajjal, Mulhid, Zindiq, Makkar, Mal‘un, etc. [Life of Morning, by A R Dard, (1948) p.371]</ref> He wrote about his former friend in his magazine ''Isha’t-us-Sunnah''; that Ahmad was a "raving drunkard, intriguer, swindler, accursed, the one-eyed Dajjal, slave of silver and gold, whose revelation is nothing but a seminal discharge, shameless, the ring-leader of sweepers and street vagabonds, dacoit, murderer, whose followers are scoundrels, villains, adulterers, and drunkards."<ref>Bhangar, makkar, fareibi, mal‘un, a‘war dajjal, abdud-darahim waddananir, jiska ilham ihtilam hai, bei-haya, bhangiyun aur bazari shuhdun ka sargaruh, daku, khunreiz, jis ki jama‘at badma‘sh, badkirdar, zani, sharabi [original] in Ishat-us-Suna, Vol. 16. And ''The Life of Ahmad'', by A R Dard. Page. 575]</ref>

::"That the Qadiani is a [[Dajjal]] of this time, a second [[Musaylimah]], perfidious, deceiver, cheat, liar and impostor, and that he is the enemy of the faith of Islam and all other heavenly faiths."
He also admitted [In the Court the District Magistrate Gurdaspur (1899)] having published the following:
:: "Had we been under Muslim rule, we would have given you (Ahmad) a proper reply. We would have at once cut off your head with a sword and made you a dead body".<ref>Isha'at-us-Sunnah, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 95</ref>

In the alleged murder lawsuit<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/18.html Law Suit by H M Clark]</ref> against Ghulam Ahmad, instituted by [[Henry Martyn Clark]] in the Court of District Magistrate Captain [[Montagu William Douglas]] Muhammad Hussain Batalvi, appeared on the side of the prosecution, and sided with Dr Clark of the [[Church Mission Society]] against Ghulam Ahmad<ref>Life of Ahmad, A R Dard (1948), P. 553</ref> Batalvi also accused Ghulam Ahmad of [[sedition]] and rebellious intentions towards the British Government,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.alislam.org/library/book/truth-about-ahmadiyyat/ahmadiyyat-and-the-british/ | title=Truth about Ahmadiyyat, ''Ahmadiyyat and the British'' |publisher=London Mosque | author=B.A Rafiq | year=1978 |isbn=0-85525-013-5}}</ref> likening him to the [[Muhammad Ahmad|Mahdi of Sudan]] and warning the Government in the following words:

{{Blockquote|His deception is proved by the fact that in his heart he considers it lawful to put an end to the authority of a non-Muslim government and to plunder its belongings … Therefore, it would not be proper on the part of the Government to rely on him and it would be necessary to be aware of him, otherwise such harm might be suffered at the hands of this Mahdi of Qadian as was experienced at the hands of the Sudanese Mahdi.|Ishaatus Sunnah, Vol VI, 1893}}

It is not possible to write about Muhammad Hussain Batalvi, without mentioning his lifelong struggle against the Ahmadiyya Movement of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Batalvi remained his major antagonist throughout his life. The Ahmadiyya missionary [[Abdul Rahim Dard]] who wrote the ''Life of Ahmad'' (1948) has termed him as the '[[Caiaphas]]' of the latter days.<ref>The Life of Ahmad, by A R Dard. (1948) p.559</ref>

==The Ludhiana debate==

This debate is known as the "Ludhiana Debate". It took place between Molvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi and [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], lasting for twelve days, from 20 to 31 July 1891. The venue was the ‘Masjid Awanan’ (Awana's Mosque) at Ludhiana.

As stated above, the claims of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] to be the Promised [[Messiah]] and declaring the death of [[Jesus]] son of Mary, had very much perturbed Muhammad Hussain Batalvi. A lengthy correspondence between the two, finally led to an agreement upon holding a debate, on the basic issue or dispute: i.e. If [[Jesus]] son Mary had died a mortal death OR was yet alive (to descend in the Latter-days [[Eschatology|End time]]).

It was also agreed upon, that the debate had to be in the form of written papers, no oral argument or discussion will be allowed. It will be held in ongoing sessions, in the presence of the audience and judges. The papers would be read out and handed over to the other party for writing of a rebuttal. The debate lasted for twelve long days, and was attended by about 300 persons, including the local gentry and dignitaries like the editors of the Punjab Gazette, Sialkot, and the Nur Afshan, Ludhiana. Kh. Ahsan Shah, Hon. Magistrate of the town; M. Miran Bakhsh, accountant; Shahzada Abdul Majid, Dr. Mustafa Ali, Kh.Muhammad Sattar Shah, Kh. Abdul Qadir, Master Charagh Din, Munshi Muhammad Qasim, Master Qadir Bakhsh, and Miyan Shair Muhammad Khan.<ref>The Life of Ahmad, by A R Dard, (1948) Page: 274]</ref> The sessions were presided over by independent Judges.

The issue of the life and death of Jesus did not come under discussion at all. The whole time was consumed by settling down the relative authority of the [[Hadith]] and the Qur'an. Molvi Muhammad Hussain wanted the status of [[Hadith]] to be clarified first, before taking up the real subject of the debate. The debate appeared to have reached a dead end on 31 July 1891. The written papers of both sides were later published by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as ''Al-Haq Mubahathah Ludhiana'' (Urdu). [i.e. Truth: the Ludhiana Debate]<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/browse/volume/Ruhani_Khazain_Computerised/?l=Urdu&p=4#page/1/mode/1up Online Reading Urdu ‘Ludhiana Debate’ ]</ref><ref>[http://www.alislam.org/urdu/rk/Ruhani-Khazain-Vol-04.pdf Urdu Ruhani-Khazain Vol-4, ‘Al Haq Mubahisa Ludhiana’]</ref>

===The Prayer Duel===
After the unfruitful debate, and the unceasing antagonism of Batalvi towards Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the contest entered the domain of a ‘Spiritual Duel’.
Muhammad Hussain Batalvi, used to say [as he] had raised [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] to the status of a [[Saint]] and ‘Wali’ by attesting to his [[Revelation]]s (Divine Converse); and by writing a ‘Review’ over his [[Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya]], in the Isha’at-us-Sunnah; and had thus raised him in the eyes of the masses, so now he was under obligation to bring Ahmad down for his fresh claims.<ref>Isha’at-us-Sunnah, Vol-13, No.1, page. 4</ref> He had challenged Ahmad to Mubahala:
:::'If you are a man and have any courage, then prove both your claims in an assembly of learned men—you will not come into the field—I challenge you to a Mubahala. Come out into the field of Mubahala and take an oath'.
<ref>Isha’at-us-Sunnah, Vol. 14, No. 12 p. 338</ref>
{{clear}}
He had prophesied punishment and destruction for Ahmad when he said:
:::'Otherwise He [God] would send down the severest punishment upon you and drive you to destruction'<ref>Isha’at-us-Sunnah, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 15. and also Vol 18, No. 7, p. 215</ref>
{{clear}}
[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] asked Batalvi's permission to publish his ‘[[Revelation]]s’ [Divine Converse] about Batalvi's tragic end<ref>[Letter of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad dated 31 December 1892]</ref> Muhammad Hussain Batalvi happily granted this permission.<ref>Permission to Publish any prophecy, ["Isha‘atus Sunnah Vol. 15, No. 8. p. 170.]</ref>
{{clear}}
[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] predicted:
:::اے پے تکفیر ما بستہ کمر، خا نہ ات ویران تودر فکردگر
[Transcription-Persian: ''Aye paye takfeer e ma bastha kamar, khana ath veeran too dar fikre digar'']
:::'O thou, who hast girded up thy loins to have me declared an infidel, thine own house is desolate and ruined and thou art thinking of something else.'<ref>Book: ‘Zia ul Haq’ (The Light of Truth), by Ahmad, P. 46 (1895)[Ruhani Khazain, Vol 9, page 309 . [http://www.alislam.org/library/browse/volume/Ruhani_Khazain_Computerised/?l=Urdu&p=9#page/309/mode/1up]</ref>

==Death and legacy==
In December 1991, Hadi Ali Chudhryi, an Ahmadiyya, conducted a research to locate the tomb of Muhammad Hussain Batalvi . A large number of important and elderly people were interviewed. However, no clues were found of Batalvi's tomb. It was found that the Cemetery where Batalvi was reportedly buried (which was situated in the vicinity of [[Baring Union Christian College]]) is now under use as agricultural land. Among the many important people interviewed, besides businessmen, local elders, newspaper reporters, government officials of the city of Batala, was also the eminent personality Prof. K N Thomas. Another significant government official of the Batala Wakf Board, Basit Ahmad Khan, expressed his complete ignorance of Batalvi's name or his Mosque, in the city of Batala.<ref>The Book, ‘ Visit to Qadian 1991’ pp: 233-236. (2011) by Hadi Ali Chaudhry; [http://www.alislam.org/urdu/pdf/Daora-Qadian-1991.pdf]</ref><ref>Basit Ahmad Khan, Estate Officer, Punjab Wakf Board, Batala: 11-B/125, Krishan Nagar, Batala [Contact: Wakf Board, Batala. Ph:01871-285133]</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Batalvi, Muhammad Hussain}}
[[Category:1840s births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Critics of Ahmadiyya]]
[[Category:Ahl-i Hadith people]]
[[Category:People from Gurdaspur district]]

2025 Gujarat Titans season

2026-04-16T07:37:05Z

Greyscaledesign: done

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = {{IPL Teams 1|gt}}
| season = [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025]]
| image = Narendra modi stadium 2023 Final between India and Australia.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| alt = Narendra Modi Stadium in 2023
| caption = Narendra Modi Stadium, home ground of Gujarat Titans
| coach = [[Ashish Nehra]]
| captain = [[Shubman Gill]]
| ground = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| comp1 = [[2025 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]]
| comp1 result = 3rd place
| comp2 = [[2025 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|Eliminator]]
| comp2 result = Lost to [[Mumbai Indians]]
| most runs = [[Sai Sudharsan]] (759)<ref name="mr"/>
| most wickets = [[Prasidh Krishna]] (25)<ref name="mw"/>
| most catches = Shubman Gill (8)<ref name="mc">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2025-16622|title=2025 Indian Premier League|stat=most catches|access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526120926/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/fielding-most-catches-career/indian-premier-league-2025-16622|archive-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>
| most dismissals = [[Jos Buttler]] (10)<ref name="md">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2025-16622|title=2025 Indian Premier League|stat=most dismissals|access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815081448/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/keeping-most-dismissals-career/indian-premier-league-2025-16622|archive-date=15 August 2025}}</ref>
| prevseason = [[2024 {{IPL Teams 1|gt}} season|2024]]
| nextseason = [[2026 {{IPL Teams 1|gt}} season|2026]]
}}
{{2025 Indian Premier League Teams}}

The 2025 season was the 4th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) [[cricket]] franchise [[Gujarat Titans]]. They were one of the ten teams that competed in the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 IPL]]. The team was captained by [[Shubman Gill]] and coached by [[Ashish Nehra]].

Gujarat Titans finished in third place in the league stage, and advanced to the eliminator in the playoffs. However, they lost to [[Mumbai Indians]] in the eliminator. [[Sai Sudharsan]] scored the most runs (759) while [[Prasidh Krishna]] took the most wickets (25) for Gujarat in the 2025 season; which were also the most in the 2025 IPL by any team.

== Pre-season ==
{{further|List of 2025 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The [[2025 Indian Premier League]] was the 18th edition of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a professional [[Twenty20]] (T20) [[cricket]] league, organised by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Premier-League |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=[[Britannica.com]] |language=en-uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317155833/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Premier-League|archive-date=17 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gujarat Titans]] had previously won the title once in their debut season of [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-29 |title=Hardik Pandya leads Gujarat Titans to IPL triumph in their first season |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/29/hardik-pandya-leads-gujarat-titans-to-ipl-triumph-in-their-first-season |access-date=2026-01-03 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The team finished in eighth place in the [[2024 Indian Premier League|previous season]].<ref>{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|ref=indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/points-table-standings|title=2024 Indian Premier League points table standings|access-date=30 October 2024|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526045213/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/points-table-standings|archive-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> The tournament featured ten teams competing in 74 matches from 22 March to 3 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brar |first=Hemant |title=IPL 2025 FAQs: What's new this season? Any changes in format? |date=2023-03-20 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-who-are-the-new-captains-will-this-be-dhonis-last-season-1477101 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322194040/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-who-are-the-new-captains-will-this-be-dhonis-last-season-1477101|archive-date=2025-03-22 |access-date=2025-03-22 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2025 |title=IPL 2025 to resume on May 17 with RCB vs KKR, final scheduled for June 3 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-to-resume-on-may-17-final-to-be-played-on-june-3-1485733 |access-date=14 May 2025 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=14 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514101323/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-to-resume-on-may-17-final-to-be-played-on-june-3-1485733 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat played all their home matches at [[Narendra Modi Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adil |first=Hafsa |title=All to know about the Indian Premier League’s 2025 season |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2025/3/20/all-to-know-about-the-ipl-2025-captains-schedule-prize-money-venues |access-date=2026-01-31 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Player retention ===
Franchises were allowed to retain a maximum of six players from their squad, including a maximum of five recent international players.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2024|title=IPL 2025 mega auction salary purse, retention rules, and RTM explained|url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/ipl-2025-mega-auction-salary-purse-retention-rules-and-rtm-explained-124092900134_1.html|access-date=29 September 2024|work=[[Business Standard]]|archive-date=30 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930015913/https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/ipl-2025-mega-auction-salary-purse-retention-rules-and-rtm-explained-124092900134_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Franchises were required to submit their retention lists before 31 October 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deadline For Submission Of Retention List For IPL 2025 Auction Revealed |url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/cricket/list-of-retained-released-players-for-ipl-2025-mega-auction-announced-check-date-1720752 |access-date=29 September 2024 |work=[[ABP News]] |date=29 September 2024 |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930020104/https://news.abplive.com/sports/cricket/list-of-retained-released-players-for-ipl-2025-mega-auction-announced-check-date-1720752 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat retained five players, including captain [[Shubman Gill]].<ref name="retain"/><ref name=gt-retain/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Retained players<ref name="retain">{{cite web |date=30 October 2024 |title=IPL 2025 retentions: List of all the retained players ahead of the mega auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-retentions-list-list-of-players-retained-by-franchises-csk-kkr-srh-lsg-1457696 |access-date=30 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410063200/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-retentions-list-list-of-players-retained-by-franchises-csk-kkr-srh-lsg-1457696 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=gt-retain>{{cite news|date=30 October 2024|title=Gill, Rashid, Sudharsan to be retained by Gujarat Titans|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gill-rashid-sudharsan-to-be-retained-by-gujarat-titans-ahead-of-ipl-2025-mega-auction-1457656|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=30 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241030172243/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gill-rashid-sudharsan-to-be-retained-by-gujarat-titans-ahead-of-ipl-2025-mega-auction-1457656|url-status=live}}</ref>
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1 || [[Rashid Khan]] || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2 || [[Shubman Gill]] || {{INRConvert|16.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3 || [[Sai Sudharsan]] || {{INRConvert|8.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4 || [[Rahul Tewatia]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5 || [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)|Shahrukh Khan]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Released players<ref name="retain"/><ref name="S2024">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|ref=indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/gujarat-titans-squad-1413572/series-squads|title=2024 Indian Premier League, {{IPL Teams 1|gt}} squad|access-date=30 October 2024|dynamic=n|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241204130902/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/gujarat-titans-squad-1413572/series-squads|archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
! [[Batting (cricket)|Batters]] || [[Wicket-keeper]]s || [[All-rounder]]s || [[Fast bowling|Fast bowlers]] || [[Spin bowling|Spin bowlers]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* [[Kane Williamson]]
* [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]
* [[Abhinav Manohar]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Wriddhiman Saha]]{{Efn|[[Wriddhiman Saha]] announced his retirement from IPL in November 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wriddhiman Saha to retire from cricket after Ranji Trophy season|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wriddhiman-saha-to-retire-from-cricket-after-ranji-trophy-season-1458298|access-date=4 November 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=1 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201142947/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wriddhiman-saha-to-retire-from-cricket-after-ranji-trophy-season-1458298|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* [[Matthew Wade]]
* [[Robin Minz]]
* [[BR Sharath]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Azmatullah Omarzai]]
* [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Mohammed Shami]]
* [[Darshan Nalkande]]
* [[Josh Little]]
* [[Mohit Sharma]]
* [[Kartik Tyagi]]
* [[Umesh Yadav]]
* [[Sushant Mishra]]
* [[Spencer Johnson (cricketer)|Spencer Johnson]]
* [[Sandeep Warrier]]
* [[Gurnoor Brar]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Sai Kishore]]
* [[Jayant Yadav]]
* [[Manav Suthar]]
* [[Noor Ahmad]]
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Auction ===
The season's auction took place on 24 and 25 November 2024 in [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 2025 mega auction to be held on November 24, 25 in Jeddah|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-on-november-24-25-in-jeddah-1458546|access-date=5 November 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=16 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116185000/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-on-november-24-25-in-jeddah-1458546|url-status=live}}</ref> The auction purse for each franchise was set at {{INRConvert|120|c|lk=on}}, with the franchises being deducted an amount from the purse for each retained player.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2025 Mega Auction: Report Says Franchise Purse To Increase From Rs 90 Crore to 120 Crore |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ipl-governing-council-to-meet-on-saturday-evening-set-to-finalise-auction-retention-rule-6670161 |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001020644/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ipl-governing-council-to-meet-on-saturday-evening-set-to-finalise-auction-retention-rule-6670161 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL retention FAQs: What is the modified RTM rule? Has the auction purse increased?|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-retention-faqs-what-is-the-modified-rtm-rule-has-the-auction-purse-increased-1453284|date=2024-09-30|access-date=2024-10-01|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|archive-date=29 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429101841/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-retention-faqs-what-is-the-modified-rtm-rule-has-the-auction-purse-increased-1453284|url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat had a purse remaining of {{INR convert|69|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-31 |title=IPL 2025 Auction: Purse Remaining For Each Team After Retentions |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-auction-purse-remaining-for-each-team-after-retentions |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Wisden |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103065133/https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-auction-purse-remaining-for-each-team-after-retentions |url-status=live}}</ref> Franchises that did not retain six players, were allowed [[Indian Premier League#Players|Right-to-Match]] (RTM) cards at the auction for each player not retained.<ref>{{cite web |title=Franchises can now retain record number of players ahead of IPL 2025 auction, purse size gets bigger too; check all details here |url=https://thesportstak.com/cricket/indian-premier-league-22-mar-2024/story/franchises-can-now-retain-5-players-with-1-rtm-card-ahead-of-ipl-2025-auction-purse-size-gets-bigger-check-all-details-here-3101224-2024-09-28 |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=SportsTak |date=28 September 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007090833/https://thesportstak.com/cricket/indian-premier-league-22-mar-2024/story/franchises-can-now-retain-5-players-with-1-rtm-card-ahead-of-ipl-2025-auction-purse-size-gets-bigger-check-all-details-here-3101224-2024-09-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat had one card available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/ipl-2025-mega-auction-every-ipl-teams-retentions-auction-purse-total-slots-rtm-available-7089198|title=IPL 2025 Mega Auction: Every IPL Team's Retentions, Auction Purse, Total Slots, RTM Available|work=[[NDTV]]|date=24 November 2024|access-date=24 November 2024|archive-date=10 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410063200/https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/ipl-2025-mega-auction-every-ipl-teams-retentions-auction-purse-total-slots-rtm-available-7089198|url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat bought twenty players in the auction, including twelve capped players and six overseas players.<ref name="List">{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/ipl-2025-teams-squads-list-player-prices|title=IPL 2025 teams and all squads - full players list|website=[[Olympics.com]]|date=25 November 2024|access-date=25 November 2024|archive-date=24 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124172801/https://olympics.com/en/news/ipl-2025-teams-squads-list-player-prices|url-status=live}}</ref> Gujarat used their RTM card to buy back [[Sai Kishore]] for {{INRconvert|2|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=List of RTM Buys by all Franchises at the IPL Auction 2025 |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/csk-mi-rcb-to-kkr-list-of-rtm-buys-by-all-franchises-at-the-ipl-auction-2025-323371.html |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=mykhel.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps as of start of 2025 IPL are listed in '''bold'''.
* Ages are as of {{start date|2025|3|22|df=y}}.
* Withdrawn players are indicated by a dagger symbol ({{dagger}}) and placed at the bottom of the table.
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|+ [[Gujarat Titans]] squad for the [[2025 Indian Premier League]]<ref name="S2025">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|ref=ipl-2025-1449924/gujarat-titans-squad-1458635/series-squads|title=2025 Indian Premier League, Gujarat Titans squad|access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250526165601/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/gujarat-titans-squad-1458635/series-squads|archive-date=26 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="retain"/><ref name="List"/>
! S/N || Name || Nationality || Birth date || Batting style || Bowling style || Salary || Notes
|-
| 3 || [[Manav Suthar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2002|08|03|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || {{INRConvert|30|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 4 || [[Kulwant Khejroliya]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1992|03|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|30|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 5 || '''[[Washington Sundar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1999|10|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || {{INRConvert|3.2|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 7 || '''[[Shubman Gill]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1999|09|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || {{INRConvert|16.5|c|lk=on}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
| 16 || '''[[Jayant Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1990|01|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 19 || '''[[Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}} || Overseas
|-
| 20 || [[Arshad Khan (Indian cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1997|12|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|1.3|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 23 || '''[[Sai Sudharsan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2001|10|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || {{INRConvert|8.5|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 25 || '''[[Kagiso Rabada]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1995|05|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|10.75|c|lk=on}} || Overseas
|-
| 29 || '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1988|09|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 35 || [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)|Shahrukh Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1995|05|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 43 || '''[[Prasidh Krishna]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1996|02|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|9.5|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 46 || [[Rahul Tewatia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1993|05|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 60 || '''[[Sai Kishore]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1996|11|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || {{INRConvert|2|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 62 || '''[[Gerald Coetzee]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2000|10|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|2.4|c|lk=on}} || Overseas
|-
| 68 || '''[[Sherfane Rutherford]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1998|08|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|1.7|c|lk=on}} || Overseas
|-
| 73 || '''[[Mohammed Siraj]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1994|03|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|12.25|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| {{N/A}} || [[Gurnoor Brar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2000|05|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|1.3|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| {{N/A}} || '''[[Karim Janat]]''' || {{cr|AFG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1998|08|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}} || Overseas
|-
| {{N/A}} || [[Kumar Kushagra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2004|10|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{N/A}} || {{INRConvert|65|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| {{N/A}} || [[Mahipal Lomror]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1999|11|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || {{INRConvert|1.7|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
| {{N/A}} || '''[[Kusal Mendis]]''' || {{cr|SL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1995|02|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}} || Overseas; temporary{{Efn|name=TempRep}} replacement{{Efn|name=Phillips}}
|-
| {{N/A}} || [[Anuj Rawat]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1999|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || {{N/A}} || {{INRConvert|30|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| {{N/A}} || '''[[Dasun Shanaka]]''' || {{cr|SL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1991|09|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}} || Overseas; replacement{{Efn|name=Phillips}}
|-
| {{N/A}} || [[Nishant Sindhu]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|2004|04|09|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || {{INRConvert|30|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 63 || '''[[Jos Buttler]]''' {{dagger}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1990|09|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{N/A}} || {{INRConvert|15.75|c|lk=on}} || Overseas; withdrawn{{Efn|name=Buttler|[[Kusal Mendis]] replaced [[Jos Buttler]], after the latter withdrew due to national duty.<ref name="tr" >{{Cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=PBKS, GT, and LSG announce replacements |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4212/pbks-gt-and-lsg-announce-replacements |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=7 January 2026 |archive-date=15 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515145100/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4212/pbks-gt-and-lsg-announce-replacements |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|-
| {{N/A}} || '''[[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]''' {{dagger}} || {{cr|NZ}} || {{Birth date and age2|2025|3|22|1996|12|06|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || {{INRConvert|2|c|lk=on}} || Overseas; withdrawn{{Efn|name=Phillips|[[Dasun Shanaka]] replaced [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]], after the latter withdrew due to groin injury.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gujarat Titans sign Sri Lanka's Dasun Shanaka as replacement for Glenn Phillips|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/gujarat-titans-sign-sri-lankas-dasun-shanaka-as-replacement-for-glenn-phillips-101744935945750.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|date=17 April 2025|access-date=7 January 2026|archive-date=19 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419043133/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/gujarat-titans-sign-sri-lankas-dasun-shanaka-as-replacement-for-glenn-phillips-101744935945750.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|}
{{notelist|refs=
{{Efn|name=TempRep|[[Gujarat Titans]] signed [[Kusal Mendis]] as temporary replacement, following the IPL's [[2025 Indian Premier League#Suspension and rescheduling|suspension and rescheduling]].<ref name=tr/><ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2024 |title=IPL to allow temporary replacements for last leg of 2025 season |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-to-allow-franchises-sign-temporary-replacement-players-for-last-leg-of-2025-season-1485918 |access-date=23 May 2025 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>}}
}}

== Support staff ==
[[Matthew Wade]] replaced [[Mithun Manhas]] as assistant coach<ref name=ss1>{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133709/matthew-wade-returns-to-gujarat-titans-as-assistant-coach|title=Matthew Wade returns to Gujarat Titans as Assistant Coach|date=9 March 2025|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=12 April 2025|archive-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329182546/https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133709/matthew-wade-returns-to-gujarat-titans-as-assistant-coach|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Delhi Captain, RCB Coach, J&K Administrator: Full List Of New BCCI President Mithun Manhas' Cricketing Roles |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/delhi-captain-rcb-coach-jkca-administrator-full-list-every-role-bcci-president-mithun-manhas |access-date=2026-01-31 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref> while, [[Parthiv Patel]] replaced [[Gary Kirsten]] as batting coach.<ref name=ss2>{{Cite web|title=IPL: Parthiv Patel set to join Gujarat Titans as batting mentor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/ipl-parthiv-patel-set-to-join-gujarat-titans-as-batting-mentor/articleshow/114462746.cms|access-date=2024-10-22|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 October 2024|language=en|archive-date=6 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206183354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/ipl-parthiv-patel-set-to-join-gujarat-titans-as-batting-mentor/articleshow/114462746.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Position || Name
|-
| Head coach || [[Ashish Nehra]]
|-
| Assistant coach || [[Matthew Wade]]
|-
| Batting coach and mentor || [[Parthiv Patel]]
|}
* Source: <ref name=ss1/><ref name=ss2/>

== League stage ==
Gujarat Titans began their season with a loss against [[Punjab Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GT vs PBKS IPL 2025 Match 5 live scores, results and updates |url=https://www.rajasthanroyals.com/schedule-fixtures-results/gujarat-titans-vs-punjab-kings-ahmkp03252025253703 |access-date=2026-04-11 |publisher=[[Rajasthan Royals]] |language=en}}</ref> They won their next four matches against [[Mumbai Indians]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/gujarat-titans-vs-mumbai-indians-9th-match-1473446/match-report|title=Sai Sudharsan, Prasidh Krishna consign MI to big defeat|date=30 March 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2025 LIVE: RCB vs GT - cricket score, radio commentary & updates |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/live/cdjy4v4e2jet |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-06 |title=SRH vs GT highlights, IPL 2025: Gill’s fifty after Siraj’s four-for helps Gujarat Titans beat Sunrisers Hyderabad |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/srh-vs-gt-live-score-sunrisers-hyderabad-gujarat-titans-ipl-2025-match-streaming-info-highlights/article69419509.ece |access-date=2026-04-16 |work=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rajasthan Royals]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beniwal |first=Rishabh |date=2025-04-09 |title=IPL 2025 GT vs RR: All-round Gujarat Titans hammer Rajasthan Royals to top table |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2025-sai-sudharsan-prasidh-krishna-shimron-hetmyer-gt-vs-rr-2706654-2025-04-09 |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> lost to [[Lucknow Super Giants]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/lucknow-super-giants-vs-gujarat-titans-26th-match-1473463/match-report|title=Markram and Pooran end Gujarat Titans' winning streak|date=12 April 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> won against [[Delhi Capitals]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/gujarat-titans-vs-delhi-capitals-35th-match-1473472/match-report|title=Buttler bosses the chase to power GT to No. 1|date=19 April 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> and [[Kolkata Knight Riders]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=2025-04-21 |title=KKR vs GT, IPL 2025: Gill, Sudharsan set up Gujarat Titans’ thumping win over Kolkata Knight Riders |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/kkr-vs-gt-ipl-2025-kolkata-knight-riders-v-gujarat-titans-score-result-match-report-scoreboard-highlights/article69476028.ece |access-date=2026-04-16 |work=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref> lost to Rajasthan;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/rajasthan-royals-vs-gujarat-titans-47th-match-1473484/match-report|title=Suryavanshi, 14, shatters records to keep RR alive|date=23 March 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 May 2025|archive-date=29 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429051640/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/rajasthan-royals-vs-gujarat-titans-47th-match-1473484/match-report|url-status=live}}</ref> and won their next three matches against Hyderabad,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-02 |title=GT vs SRH Highlights, IPL 2025: Sunrisers Hyderabad 186/6; Gujarat Titans wins by 38 runs |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/gt-vs-srh-live-score-gujarat-titans-sunrisers-hyderabad-ipl-2025-match-updates-streaming-info-highlights/article69530308.ece |access-date=2026-04-16 |work=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref> Mumbai<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/mumbai-indians-vs-gujarat-titans-56th-match-1473493/match-report|title=Rain, no-ball and a run-out fumble: Titans stun Mumbai to win a classic|date=7 May 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> and Delhi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/delhi-capitals-vs-gujarat-titans-60th-match-1473498/match-report|title=Sai Sudharsan and Gill help clinical GT book playoffs berth|date=18 May 2025|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>. Gujarat lost their last two matches of the stage to Lucknow<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/gujarat-titans-vs-lucknow-super-giants-live-score-gt-vs-lsg-live-updates-ipl-2025-shubman-gill-sai-sudharsan-rishabh-pant-8479543|title=Gujarat Titans vs Lucknow Super Giants Highlights, IPL 2025: GT's Hopes Of Top Two Finish Takes Big Hit As Mitchell Marsh, Will O'Rourke Star For LSG|date=22 May 2025|work=[[NDTV Sports]]|access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> and [[Chennai Super Kings]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-25 |title=GT vs CSK Highlights, IPL 2025: Chennai Super Kings thrashes Gujarat Titans by 83 runs to bow out on a high |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/gt-vs-csk-live-score-today-match-ipl-2025-gujarat-titans-chennai-super-kings-streaming-info-may-25-highlights/article69616916.ece |access-date=2026-04-10 |work=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref> to finish the league stage in third place with nine wins from 14 matches, and advanced to the eliminator in the playoffs.<ref name="pts"/><ref name="IPL"/>

=== Points table ===
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|pt}}

=== League progression ===
{{#invoke:IndianPremierLeagueProgression | create

| L5, W9, W14, W19, W23, L26, W36, W39, L47, W51, W56, W60, L64, L67 | L72, E

| caption = League progression<ref name="pts"/>
| teams = {{IPL Teams 1|gt}}
| knockoutType = 2
| matchesPerTeam = 14
| matchReportArticle = }}

=== Fixtures ===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match5}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match9}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match14}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match19}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match23}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match26}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match35}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match39}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match47}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match51}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match56}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match60}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match64}}
----
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match67}}

== Playoffs ==
=== Bracket ===
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|bracket}}
=== Eliminator ===
{{#section:2025 Indian Premier League|match72}}

== Statistics ==
At the [[2025 Indian Premier League#End of season awards|IPL end of season awards]], [[Sai Sudharsan]] was awarded for scoring most runs and most fours in the season and as the Fantasy player and the Emerging player of the season; while [[Prasidh Krishna]] was awarded for most wickets and [[Mohammed Siraj]] was awarded for most dot balls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-03 |title=IPL 2025 Final Presentation: Full List Of Tournament Award Winners |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-final-presentation-full-list-tournament-award-winners |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=Wisden |language=en |archive-date=16 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116154536/https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-final-presentation-full-list-tournament-award-winners |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Most runs<ref name="mr">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2025-16622|title=2025 Indian Premier League|stat=most runs|access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627053138/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2025-16622|archive-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>
! scope=col | [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! scope=col | Player
|-
! scope=row | 759
| [[Sai Sudharsan]]
|-
! scope=row | 650
| [[Shubman Gill]]
|-
! scope=row | 538
| [[Jos Buttler]]
|-
! scope=row | 291
| [[Sherfane Rutherford]]
|-
! scope=row | 179
| [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)| Shahrukh Khan]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Most wickets<ref name="mw">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2025-16622|title=2025 Indian Premier League|stat=most wickets|access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627053137/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2025-16622|archive-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>
! scope=col | [[Wicket]]s
! scope=col | Player
|-
! scope=row | 25
| [[Prasidh Krishna]]
|-
! scope=row | 19
| [[Sai Kishore]]
|-
! scope=row | 16
| [[Mohammed Siraj]]
|-
! scope=row | 9
| [[Rashid Khan]]
|-
! scope=row | 6
| [[Arshad Khan (Indian cricketer)| Arshad Khan]]
|}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="sch-chng1">[[#sch1|Original 2025 IPL Schedule]] vs [[#sch3|Revised 2025 IPL Schedule]]</ref>
<ref name="res-po">{{Cite web |date=20 May 2025 |title=Schedule for TATA IPL 2025 Playoffs announced |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4221/schedule-for-tata-ipl-2025-playoffs-announced |access-date=24 May 2025 |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |archive-date=28 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528125453/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4221/schedule-for-tata-ipl-2025-playoffs-announced |url-status=live}}</ref>
</references>
=== General references ===
* {{anchor|sch1}}{{Cite journal |date=2025-02-16 |title=IPL Season Schedule 2025 |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/smart-images/1739621485265_IPL%20Season%20Schedule%202025-1.pdf |journal=Indian Premier League Schedule |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=18 |issue=1}}
* {{anchor|sch3}}{{Cite journal |date=2025-05-12 |title=IPL Season Schedule 2025 |url=https://scores.iplt20.com/TATA%20IPL%202025%20Season%20Schedule.pdf |journal=Indian Premier League Schedule |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=18 |issue=3}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/gujarat-titans Gujarat Titans on IPLT20 Website]
* {{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|id=ipl-2025-1449924|title=2025 Indian Premier League}}

{{Gujarat Titans}}
{{2025 Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2025 Indian Premier League|Gujarat Titans]]
[[Category:Gujarat Titans seasons]]

Bharatpur Junction

2026-04-15T05:40:08Z

Greyscaledesign: new.

{{Short description|Railway Station in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Bharatpur Junction
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Express train]] and [[Passenger train]] station
| image = Bharatpur Jn.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The facade of Bharatpur Junction in 2012
| address = [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| borough =
| country = India
| coordinates =
| owned =[[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone]]
| line = [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]], [[Agra–Bharatpur via Achhnera line]], [[Bharatpur–Bandikui line]]
| distance =
| platforms = 5
| tracks = Broad gauge {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| train_operators = West Central Railway
| connections =
| structure =Standard (On ground station)
| parking = available
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| code = BTE
| zone =[[West Central Railways]]
| opened = 
| closed = 
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services =
}}
'''Bharatpur Junction''' is a railway station located on the Mathura–Kota section of the [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]] of [[Indian Railways]] in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], Rajasthan. It is an important station of the [[West Central Railway zone]] (WCR) and has the status of Grade A station.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BHARATPUR STATION |url=https://wcr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1397193463926-Bharatpur.pdf |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>

Bharatpur Junction has five platforms and all are electrified. Apart from the Delhi – Mumbai main line, the Agra–Bandikui–Jaipur line also passes through Bharatpur Junction. The former line is electrified, while the latter is still plying on diesel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatpur Railway Station Map/Atlas WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/bharatpur-junction-bte/982 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

[[Keoladeo National Park]] is located approximately 5 km from the Bharatpur Railway Station.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|982}}
{{commons category}}
{{Railway stations in Rajasthan}}
{{coord|27.2364|77.4882|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Railway junction stations in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bharatpur district]]
[[Category:Kota railway division]]

{{Rajasthan-railstation-stub}}

Centre for Post-Graduate Instruction and Research

2026-04-12T03:36:14Z

Greyscaledesign: new a data!

The '''Centre for Post-Graduate Instruction and Research''' (CPIR) was the lone educational institution which offered post-graduate education in [[Goa]] between the early 1960s and 1985. It was set up soon after the end of [[Portugal|Portuguese]] rule in Goa and functioned under the [[University of Bombay]].<ref name="cpir">{{Cite web|title=Dr.Joe D'Souza, Taleigao Goa v. State of Goa Through the Chief Secretary and Anr., {{!}} Bombay High Court {{!}} Judgment {{!}} Law {{!}} CaseMine|url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5b684c9a4a932645d86ee962|access-date=2020-11-03|website=www.casemine.com|language=en}}</ref> A few thousand students undertook their Masters education there, and some of whom went on to take up senior responsibilities in fields like [[education]], [[journalism]], [[law]] and [[science]]. The CPIR has been described as "the first post-graduate campus of any state university in [[India]] [to function] outside its original jurisdiction".<ref name="kamat1">{{Cite news|last=Kamat|first=Nandkumar|date=June 20, 2010|title=Goa University, a Voyage of Quarter Century - I|work=The Navhind Times|url=|access-date=}}</ref>

==History, background==
After the sudden end to Portuguese rule in Goa in 1961, higher education was sought to be expanded by the new Indian-directed administration through the [[University of Bombay]].<ref name="unigoa.ac.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.unigoa.ac.in/contentarticledisp.php?id=1|title=Goa University, Goa's premier University, Post Graduation, PH.D, B.SC, M.SC, Research Facilities Study India programme.|work=unigoa.ac.in|access-date=2020-11-03|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405204343/https://www.unigoa.ac.in/contentarticledisp.php?id=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The CPIR got functional in Goa between June 1962<ref name="gog">{{Cite web|title=Government of Goa {{!}} Goa University|url=https://www.goa.gov.in/department/goa-university/|access-date=2020-11-03}}</ref> and continued working till the commencement of operations of the [[Goa University]] on June 1, 1985.<ref name="gog" /> This transitional period was marked also by a sudden shift-over of higher education from the medium of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] to being largely in [[English language|English]].

Though there are some conflicting dates about when the CPIR was set up, the official ''Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu'', first published in 1979, also confirms that it was launched in June 1965.<ref name="GDD">{{Cite book |editor-last=Gune |editor-first=V.T. |title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory: Goa, Daman and Diu. District Gazetteer, Part I: Goa |publisher=Gazetteer Department, Government of Goa, Daman and Diu |year=1979 |isbn= |location= |pages=698–702}}</ref>

It notes that the first post-Portuguese Rule colleges were set up in [[Panjim]] and in [[Margao]] around 1962, and students from these graduated in 1965, and hence they needed to go in for post-graduate education, which they went to the CPIR for.<ref name="GDD" /> The CPIR came about "after the "Government of Goa subsequently approached the University of Bombay for advice and guidance."<ref name="GDD" /> The latter resolved at its Senate meeting of April 30, 1965, to establish the centre in Goa to provide facilities for post graduate instruction and research.<ref name="GDD" />

Its small premises was located at the modest Sushila Building located along the arterial 18 June Road at the centre of the [[Goa]] capital of [[Panjim]] or [[Panaji]]. The CPIR's first director was the former head of the [[Goa Archives]], Dr Pandurang Pissurlenkar.<ref name="kamat1" />

==Undergraduate, post-graduate education==
In the Goa of the 1960s, efforts were made to build a range of under-graduate institution in undergraduate (Bachelor's) faculties like the [[Arts]], [[Sciences]], [[Commerce]], [[Law]], [[Education]], [[Engineering]] and [[Medicine]]. Likewise, in [[Dentistry|Dental]], [[Pharmacy]], [[Engineering]], [[Architecture]], [[Fine Arts]] and [[Education]] colleges were also set up—usually with one college in each stream in most cases.<ref name="report">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Annual Report 1991-92|publisher=Goa University|year=1993|isbn=|url=https://www.unigoa.ac.in/uploads/content/Annual%20Reports/annual%20report%2091-92.pdf|pages=11}}</ref> Two Law colleges, four Arts and Science and one Women's college were also established shortly later, by the 1980s, in Goa,<ref name="report" /> by which time the State was still however yet to have its own university. All of these were then affiliated to the [[University of Bombay]].

The CPIR offered affiliation to the first colleges that were instituted in Goa in June 1962.<ref name="unigoa.ac.in"/> Till 1985, post-graduate education in Goa was entirely looked after by the modestly-sized CPIR "which had arrangements for post-graduate teaching and instruction in 13 subjects" and which "formed the nucleus for Goa University".<ref name="report" />

==Early years==

Setting up of post-graduate education in Goa posed certain challenges in the 1960s—including necessitating a sudden transition from the Portuguese [[medium of education]] to English, and having to deal with a new administrative setup.<ref name="NK">{{Cite web|last=Times|first=Navhind|date=2015-06-14|title=Fifty Years of Post Graduate Education|url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/06/15/opinions/opinion/fifty-years-of-post-graduate-education/|access-date=2020-11-03|website=The Navhind Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Besides, the [[University of Bombay]] would also need to go beyond its State jurisdiction and offer affiliation to the post-graduate centre in Goa.<ref name="NK" />

The [[University of Bombay]] [[Academic senate|Senate]] resolved to establish the CPIR in [[Panjim]] on April 30, 1965.<ref name="NK" /> Former [[Goa Archives]] Director Dr [[Pandurang Pissurlenkar]] donated his significant collection of mainly Goa-focussed books to the CPIR at the time of it being set up.<ref name="NK" />

==Student numbers==

At its launch, the CPIR provided instruction in only the subjects of English, Economics, Mathematics and Chemistry.<ref name="GDD" /> Its regular teaching staff consisted of a Professor of English, an Honorary Professor of History, a temporary Reader in Economics (transferred from the University of Bombay's School of Economics) and a lecturer in Portuguese and French.<ref name="GDD" />

By sometime in the mid to late 1970s, the CPIR had facilities for teaching Economics, Philosophy, History, English, French, Hindi, Marathi, Portuguese (subsidiary only) and Education (all in the Faculty of Arts); Chemistry (Organic, Inorganic and Physical), Biochemistry and Mathematics in the Faculty of Science; and a Master's degree in Pharmacy in its Faculty of Technology, besides MD, MS, DA and DPM degrees in Medicine.<ref name="GDD" />

In its first academic year (1965–66), the CPIR began with a total of only 71 students, comprising 49 were for the [[Master of Arts]] degree and 22 for the [[M.Sc.]] degrees. Among these were 17 women.<ref name="NK" /> The following were admissions figures for some of the early batches:<ref name="NK" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Students at CPIR in its early years
! Year !! Number of students
|-
| First batch (1966) || 71 students
|-
| Second batch (1967) || 147 students
|-
| Third batch (1968) || 198 students
|-
| Fourth batch (1969) || 225 students
|-
| Fifth batch (1970) || 253 students
|-
| Sixth batch (1971) || 306 students
|-
| 1972-73 batch || 377 students
|}

From the 1971-72 batch, the University of Bombay offered admissions for post-graduate courses in Education and Medicine.<ref name="NK" /> By the mid-1970s, the post-graduate students of the CPIR crossed one thousand.<ref name="NK" />

This led to calls for the setting up of a separate university for Goa, which was proposed by a 1974 Bill, under which the apex institution was to be set up in [[Kundaim]], in central Goa's [[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]] sub-district, a decision which led to some debate and controversy.<ref name="NK" />

==Recommendations==
The [[Jha Committee]] proposed the setting up of a university, and the gradual development of the CPIR into a full-fledged varsity in five to ten years. This committee suggested that the CPIR could be developed as the nucleus for the varsity; CPIR be placed under a Board set up by the Goa government with cooperation from the [[University of Bombay]]; that the CPIR administrative work be carried out by an executive committee headed by a director; that it should be shifted to a suitable site; that the CPIR Board would have all powers of an educational institution including financial ones while the academic powers would be vested in the [[University of Bombay]]; that its Director be tasked with developing the CPIR into a future varsity; while other recommendations made keeping in view Goa's historical, geographic and cultural position. However, there was much discussion on various aspects of the setting up of a university, including over its venue. This finally came about in Goa not in the anticipated time-frame but only in the mid-1980s, under the [[Lieutenant Governor]]ship of Dr. [[Gopal Singh (politician)|Gopal Singh]].

==Role outgrown==
Over the years, the CPIR played a changing role in a Goa that was itself undergoing change. Goa's political elites wanted the region to have a university of her own as "it would have been politically unpalatable to continue with [an] arrangement where the Centre for Postgraduate Instruction and Research (CPIR), which was established in 1974 [sic], was part of the [[University of Bombay]] (now Mumbai). For a newly carved independent federal entity aspiring for its graduation from a Union Territory to a full-fledged state, the establishment of a university would definitely have immense symbolic value and would also politically cater to the vocal (largely middle class) constituency at home."<ref name="oup">{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Sujata |title=Doing Sociology in India: Genealogies, Locations, and Practices |date=26 April 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-908965-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnxJDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

The CPIR itself offered limited options for studies. For instance, it offered only four papers in Sociology as part of the overall MA programme in the social sciences; "the purposes being MA degree ''per se'' and sociology being incidental to it."<ref name="oup" />

==Research, etc==
Since the institution was active in times when resources were scarcely digitised, it can prove difficult to track work created by the CPIR. However, some references relevant to the field of Goa studies can be online, such as Amalia Quadros' ''The Development of Primary Education in Goa from 1910 to 1961'', (CPIR, University of Bombay, 1974) in more recent studies.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cabral|first=Ricardo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPzfLQKo5XcC&q=CPIR+Goa&pg=PA392|title=The Development of Teacher Education in Portuguese Goa, 1841-1961|date=2009|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-643-5|language=en}}</ref> Other mention of work done by students and scholars affiliated to the CPIR can also be found on [[Google Scholar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Centre+for+Post-Graduate+Instruction+and+Research%22|access-date=2020-11-10|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

The CPIR has been listed in the ''Commonwealth Universities' Yearbook''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSZJAAAAYAAJ&q=CPIR+Goa|title=Commonwealth Universities Yearbook|date=1993|publisher=Association of Commonwealth Universities.|language=en}}</ref> It also played its role in organising seminars and events.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=B. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taq5AAAAIAAJ&q=CPIR+Goa|title=Handbook of Libraries, Archives and Information Centres in India|date=1992|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85179-75-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPZtAAAAMAAJ&q=Centre+of+Postgraduate+instruction+and+research+Goa|title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies|date=1976|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies.|language=en}}</ref>

Among prominent educators associated with the CPIR were Prof. B.S. Shastry (1938-1991), the eminent [[Bombay]]-based historian Dr [[George Mark Moraes]] who flew-in for conducting classes on the weekend, Dr Mavinkurve (Microbiology), and others.Shastry did his doctorate in History under the prominent archivist P.S.S. Pissurlencar.<ref name="BSS">{{Cite book|last=Shastry|first=Bhagamandala Seetharama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raLL0A3Pb_0C&q=Centre+of+Postgraduate+instruction+and+research+Goa&pg=PP10|title=Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498-1763|date=2000|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-848-6|language=en}}</ref> Shastry began his career as a history lecturer at the [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]] in [[Margao]], and went on the head the departments of History both at the CPIR and the [[Goa University]].<ref name="BSS" /> He was a research guide to a number of students.<ref name="BSS" /> Other prominent educators linked to the CPIR were Prof. Dr. George Moraes, who was visiting faculty, History; Lavinio de Souza for History; Prof. Murphy, History; Prof. Kelekar of St. Xavier s College, Mapuca, History; Dr. K.M. Mathew, History, Dhempe College, who later became head of department of History Goa University.

At one stage, the CPIR conducted classes for the Diploma in Higher Education (DHE) course, which was a must for college teachers.

The role of the CPIR in the field of promoting research in local history has also been noted such as in the work of K.M. Mathews on ''Portuguese Navigation in India''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mathew|first=K. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&q=Centre+of+Postgraduate+instruction+and+research+Goa&pg=PR12|title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-046-8|language=en}}</ref>

==Take-over in 1980s==
The then Union Territory government of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] passed a law under which the [[Goa University]] would take over, from the date "fixed by the [proposed Goa] University in consultation with the University of Bombay" the CPIR and "all rights, interests, titles and liabilities vested in that Centre immediately before that date, [which] shall vest in the University."<ref name="Act">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=The Goa University Act, 1984|publisher=Government of Goa|year=1984|isbn= |url=https://goaprintingpress.gov.in/?media_dl=551|pages=921–922}}</ref>

The law also allowed for the CPIR to be closed, as long as "any student who was studying in that Centre immediately before that date, shall be permitted to complete his course of study and the University shall provide him instructions, teaching and training for a period of five years from that date and such student shall be eligible to take such examination:"<ref name="Act" /> The law also laid down that "any other student who was eligible for any examination of the University of Bombay immediately before that date may take such examination."<ref name="Act" />

After it ceased operations, the staff, assets and liabilities of the CPIR of the University of Bombay was taken over by the Goa University, with the latter taking care to see that its University statutes, governing the service conditions of teachers, did not adversely affect the teaching staff.<ref name="cpir" /> Some of the teaching staff approached the courts later, over service conditions.<ref name="cpir" />

Dr. G.V. Kamat Helekar was the last Director of the CPIR,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A4JKAQAAIAAJ&q=CPIR+Goa|title=Boletim Do Instituto Menezes Bragança|date=1986|publisher=O Instituto|language=en}}</ref> and had been appointed as member of the Executive Council of the new Goa University till his sudden death on October 17, 1985.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Annual Administrative Report 1985-86|publisher=Goa University|year=1987|isbn= |url=https://www.unigoa.ac.in/uploads/content/Annual%20Reports/annual%20report%2085-86.pdf|pages=3}}</ref> Among those professors of the CPIR who are remembered for their work (some of whom moved on to the Goa University too) were Prof Antarkar, Prof Pande, Prof Gramopadhye, Prof Wader, Prof Sadashiv Deo (Mathematics), Prof Ashok K. Joshii (English), Prof S. S. Kulkarni (English), Prof Adi Doctor (Political Science), Prof B. S. Shastry (History), Prof Paknikar, Prof Heblekar (Economics), Prof A.V. Afonso (Philosophy).

Dr. [[Gopal Singh (politician)|Gopal Singh]], the former Lieutenant Governor of Goa and ex-chairman of the [[National Commission for Minorities|National Minority Commission of India]], has been credited with taking "complete charge of the challenging transitional period—converting [the] CPIR into [the] Goa University."<ref name="kamat1" /> By May 1985, the Goa government completed the transfer of the CPIR from a small building in Panjim to a section of the then newly-built, vacant premises of the [[Goa Medical College]] at [[Bambolim]].<ref name="kamat1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|15.496|73.823|display=title}}

[[Category:Research institutes established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Goa]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1962]]

Taskaree

2026-04-10T14:31:40Z

Greyscaledesign: added new stub!

{{Short description|2026 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Taskaree – The Smuggler's Web
| image = Taskaree – The Smuggler's Web.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| genre = [[Crime fiction|Crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator = [[Neeraj Pandey]]
| writer = Neeraj Pandey [[Vipul K. Rawal]]
| director = {{Plainlist|
* Neeraj Pandey
* Raghav M Jairath
* B. A. Fida
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Emraan Hashmi]]
* [[Sharad Kelkar]]
* [[Nandish Sandhu]]
* Anurag Sinha
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
* [[Zoya Afroz]]
}}
| music = Advait Nemlekar
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 7
| producer = [[Shital Bhatia]]
| location = 
| cinematography = Sudheer Palsane Arvind Singh
| editor = Praveen Kathikuloth
| runtime = 38–58 minutes
| company = Friday Storytellers
| network = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Start date|2026|01|14|df=y}}
}}

'''''Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web''''' ({{Literal translation|Smuggling: The Smuggler's Web}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series created by [[Neeraj Pandey]] and written by [[Vipul K Rawal]] along with [[Neeraj Pandey]] for [[Netflix]], produced under the banner of Friday Storytellers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web OTT Release Date: When and Where to Watch Emraan Hashmi's Intense Crime Thriller |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/news/taskaree-the-smuggler-s-web-release-date-cast-plot-where-to-watch-and-imdb-rating-9831497 |website=[[NDTV|Gadget 360]] |access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=Netflix’s ‘Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web’ Trailer Spotlights Battle Between Mumbai Customs Agents And Dangerous International Synidcate |url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-taskaree-smugglers-trailer-january-launch-date-1236666337/ |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=7 January 2026}}</ref> The series follows an [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|Indian Customs Service]] team stationed at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] as they combat an international smuggling syndicate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wandermurem |first1=Isabella |title=Breaking Down the Ending of Netflix's Indian Airport Smuggling Thriller 'Taskaree' |url=https://time.com/7346242/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-ending-explained/ |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> The series stars [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Sharad Kelkar]], [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], [[Zoya Afroz]], [[Nandish Sandhu]] and Anurag Sinha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Emraan Hashmi shares what made him give his nod to ‘Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web’ |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/emraan-hashmi-shares-what-made-him-give-his-nod-to-taskaree-the-smugglers-web-1037458 |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=7 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Shreyanka |title=Taskaree Director Neeraj Pandey Says It Was A 'Challenge' Working On A Family Show With Emraan Hashmi |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/taskaree-director-neeraj-pandey-says-it-was-a-challenge-working-on-a-family-show-with-emraan-hashmi-ws-l-9817041.html |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[CNN-News18|News 18]] |date=8 January 2026}}</ref>

The series premiered on [[Netflix]] on 14 January 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanabar |first1=Nirali |title=Taskaree The Smuggler's Web OTT Release: When And Where To Watch Emraan Hashmi-Led Crime Series |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-emraan-hashmi-led-crime-series-article-153305406 |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=17 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=Taskaree teaser: Emraan Hashmi set to crack The Smuggler’s Web. Release date out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-teaser-emraan-hashmi-airport-customs-netflix-january-2026-2837148-2025-12-17 |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[India Today]] |date=17 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Upon release, ''Taskaree'' received mixed reviews from critics, with praise directed at its performances and grounded treatment of smuggling operations but criticism towards writing. ''Taskaree'' achieved significant global viewership, becoming the first Indian series to top Netflix’s global non-English television list.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2026 |title=Emraan Hashmi-starrer Taskaree outperforms Aryan Khan’s Ba***ds of Bollywood; among Netflix’s highest viewed non-English show globally |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/emraan-hashmi-taskaree-outperforms-aryan-khan-bads-of-bollywood-netflix-highest-viewed-non-english-show-globally-10487117/ |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taskaree: The Smugglers Web creates global milestone |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-creates-global-milestone/ |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Set at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] in Mumbai, the story follows a suspended but principled [[Customs officer|customs officer]], Superintendent Arjun Meena ([[Emraan Hashmi]]), who is reinstated to lead a special task force against an international smuggling syndicate. The team is appointed by Assistant Commissioner Prakash Kumar (Anurag Sinha) of the [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs]] and consists of officers who were previously sidelined for refusing to engage in corruption, including fearless field officer Ravi Gujjar ([[Nandish Sandhu]]) and detail-oriented officer Mitali Kamath ([[Amruta Khanvilkar]]).

As the task force begins dismantling smuggling operations, they confront deep-rooted corruption, political interference, and the criminal network of smuggler Bada Choudhary ([[Sharad Kelkar]]). Their mission becomes increasingly perilous following targeted violence and the deaths of officers, revealing that the threat extends beyond smugglers to compromised officials within the system.

The narrative builds toward a high-stakes operation involving a large gold-smuggling attempt disguised under diplomatic cover. While the task force succeeds in exposing the plot and bringing down the syndicate, the victory comes at a personal cost, underscoring the ongoing and relentless battle against corruption.

== Cast ==
* [[Emraan Hashmi]] as Arjun Meena, [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs#Hierarchy & designation of CBIC|Superintendent]] of [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|Customs]]
* [[Sharad Kelkar]] as
** Rajeev Choudhary aka Bada Choudhary, the leader of the smuggling syndicate
** Chota Choudhary, Bada Choudhary’s corrupt brother<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2026 |title=Sharad Kelkar says his Taskaree character draws from Amitabh Bachchan’s Angry Young Man era : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sharad-kelkar-says-taskaree-character-draws-amitabh-bachchans-angry-young-man-era/ |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
* [[Nandish Sandhu]] as Ravinder Gujjar
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Mitali Kamath
* Anurag Sinha as Prakash Kumar, [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs#Hierarchy & designation of CBIC|Assistant Commissioner]] of [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|Customs]]
* [[Zoya Afroz]] as Priya Khubchandani
* [[Virendra Saxena]] as Shrikant Saxena
* [[Jameel Khan]] as Suresh Kaka
* [[Sumit Nijhawan]] as Anna, a officer in the smuggling syndicate
* [[Anuja Sathe]] as Meenakshi, a salesgirl and Ravinder’s ex
* [[Freddy Daruwala]] as Rahul, a smuggler and Anna’s nephew
* Krishan Tondon as Sharma Ji
* [[Ekavali Khanna|Ekavalli Khanna]] as Mrs. Sayyed
* [[Pravina Deshpande]] as Hema Khagani
* Giulia Sacco as Bianca (Binita Choudhary), Bada Choudhary’s wife and a former model
* Sajjad Hussain as [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs#Hierarchy & designation of CBIC|Chief Commissioner]] of [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|Customs]]
* [[Hemant Kher]] as [[Customs officer|Custom Officer]] Jainesh Patel
* Pravina Deshpande as Hema Khangani
* [[Hrishikesh Joshi]] as Custom Officer Pawar
* Nilanjan Datta as Custom Officer Bijoy Das
* [[Shailesh Datar]] as Ramesh Bhai
* Akshaya Naik as Swati Salunkhe
* [[Mohit Daga|Mohit Dagga]] as Custom Officer Awasthi
* Akash Ayyar as Custom Officer Kulvir Dhuria
* Nancy Bhasin as Custom Officer Srilata Nair
* Kamal Lalvani as Custom Officer Ravi Tripathi
* Rajat Bhasin as Custom Officer Sajjad Sheikh
* Raghavendra Tiwary as Custom Officer Vincent Roy
* Kachraoo Khan as Custom Constable Thapa
* Abeer Meherish as Captain Shubham Kapoor
* Shahid Lateef as Arbab
* Sameer Al Obaidli as Omar
* Ujjwal Gaurahha as Govind Belani
* Smita Ray as Shalini
* Rajeev Kumar as Admin Superintendent
* Rajniesh Kaushik as Officer Ashok Dubey
* [[Vijay Vikram Singh]] as [[Chairperson of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|CBIC Chairman]]
* Nitin Rao as Raghu
* Prashant Singh as Santosh Towari Dri
* Mohit Sharma as Custom Officer Vivek Dhahiya
*Nitesh Kalbande as Varun
* Deepankar Mukherjee as Custom Officer Arindam Banerjee
* Pradeep Bhaskar as Aslam
* Shubham Kumar as Mukeem
* Shyam Jethnani as Rich Businessman
* Mohammed Al Fahad as Police Officer
* Nimisha Sirohi as Burkha Lady
* Sangeeta Pusalkar as Mrs. Sharma
* Kaira as Mitali's daughter

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#B40000 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |country= |aux4= |aux4T=Length |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Customs vs Popat

|DirectedBy = [[Neeraj Pandey]]
|WrittenBy = [[Vipul K Rawal]], Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 45 minutes
|ShortSummary = The Indian Government appoints honest officers at strategic airports to curb smuggling. Prakash Kumar is assigned as Assistant Commissioner of Customs to Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Mumbai International Airport (coloquically Mumbai International Airport). He brings in three Custom Officers―currently suspended, but known for their honesty―Arjun Meena, Mitali Kamath and Ravinder Gujjar. The trio then forms their own team. The ''modus operandi'' of narcotics smuggling through ''popats'' (couriers) is explained.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Bada Choudhary
|DirectedBy = Raghav M Jairath
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 38 minutes
|ShortSummary = The smuggling syndicate is headed by Ranjeet 'Bada' Chaudhary. Bada Chaudhary chose the life of crime after his brother's murder by a rival. The smuggling syndicate operates via [[Milan]], Al Dera (fictional city previously mentioned in Neeraj Pandey's 2015 film [[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]) and [[Ethiopia]]. Gujjar notices a pattern in Priya's travel history and discusses his suspicion with Arjun.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The Priya Story
|DirectedBy = B. A. Fida
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 51 minutes
|ShortSummary = Priya Khubchandani is an air hostess who smuggles gold on the behest of her fiancé and Captain Shubham Kapoor. Arjun arrests her red-handed but offers her release provided that she help him catch Captain Kapoor instead. Priya agrees and soon infiltrates the Chaudhary gold smuggling syndicate in Ethiopia. She informs Arjun that the syndicate has devised a method to turn gold into powdery substance and pass customs check undetected. Arjun mulls over a way to give Chaudhary syndicate a big blow.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Operation Longshot
|DirectedBy = Raghav M Jairath
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 42 minutes
|ShortSummary = Prakash and Arjun assign their team to an International Conference and delude Chaudhary syndicate into believing that Mumbai International Airport will be free of honest officers for one whole day. The syndicate plans to smuggle big load of gold, narcotics and luxury goods. Prakash changes the duty roster at the last moment and Operation Longshot is unveiled. The Custom Officers seize all smuggled goods. Priya is rescued from Al Dera and sent to a safe house in Mumbai. The team celebrates.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Hum Coin Hain
|DirectedBy = B. A. Fida
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 43 minutes
|ShortSummary = The team extracts information from Aslam and Mukim, two of the syndicate couriers. Mukim names Ramesh Bhai as the Indian head of operations. The team leaves to arrest Ramesh Bhai. Aslam is ordered to kill Mukim in custody. The Customs Chief Commissioner sends Prakash on an urgent conference to [[Bangkok]] where he is ambushed by Bada Chaudhary. Ramesh Bhai dies in a skirmish with Kulvir.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Darr Ka Dhandha
|DirectedBy = Raghav M Jairath
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 42 minutes
|ShortSummary = All team members are threatened in various ways by the Chaudhary syndicate. Bada Chaudhary warns Arjun against seizing the smuggled gold soon landing in Mumbai. Gujjar arrests the ''popats'' anyway, incurring Chaudhary's wrath. Gujjar is killed by Chaudhary's henchmen and framed in fake corruption charges post death. Arjun suspects Kulvir, Kulvir admits to killing Ramesh Bhai in exchange of a bribe worth [[Indian rupee|INR]] 1 crore. Bada Chaudhary threatens to kill Priya.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Kahani Khatam
|DirectedBy = Neeraj Pandey
|WrittenBy = Vipul K Rawal, Neeraj Pandey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|14}}
|Aux4 = 58 minutes
|ShortSummary = Prakash asks Arjun about the identity of Ravinder's informer. Bada Chaudhary faces pressure from Omar and Arbab. It is revealed that Prakash too, is working for Bada Chaudhary. Bada Chaudhary decides to smuggle 2 [[Tonne|tonnes]] worth of gold. Arjun and Bada Chaudhary realise that Ravinder's informer is Suresh Kaka. Priya returns to Al Dera to presumably rejoin the Chaudhary syndicate. Arjun looks for smuggled gold in coffins but finds none. He realises the gold is being smuggled via [[Diplomatic bag|Diplomatic Cargo]] and seizes the gold while unveiling Prakash's corruption. [[List of Indian intelligence agencies|COIN]] officers arrest Chaudhary syndicate in Al Dera. Priya and Suresh Kaka are rescued.
| LineColor = #B40000
}}
}}

==Production==
===Development===
''Taskaree'' is based on real-life incidents and required extensive research. Writers [[Neeraj Pandey]] and [[Vipul K. Rawal]] were introduced to both retired and active smugglers by the series’ consultant, who is a customs officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taskaree: Writer Vipul K Rawal reveals they met real-life smugglers|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/taskaree-writer-vipul-l-rawal-reveals-they-met-real-life-smugglers-23612742?button=next|website=Mid-day|date=20 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> The series marks the fourth collaboration produced under Neeraj Pandey's Friday Filmworks.

===Casting===
Director Raghav M Jairath described [[Sharad Kelkar]] as an easy choice for the role of the antagonist, citing his strong screen presence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Director Raghav Jairath on The Success of Taskaree, Working With Emraan Hashmi And More {{!}} Filmfare.com|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-director-raghav-jairath-on-the-success-of-taskaree-working-with-emraan-hashmi-and-more-81057.html|website=www.filmfare.com|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] was initially approached for a brief role, which was later played by [[Anuja Sathe]]; however, the makers subsequently asked her to audition for the role of Mitali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amruta Khanvilkar felt empowered doing stunts in Taskaree: I was one of the boys|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/amruta-khanvilkar-attempting-action-neeraj-pandey-taskaree-emraan-hashmi-2854653-2026-01-20|website=India Today|date=20 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en|first=Sana|last=Farzeen}}</ref> Nitin Rao, who had previously worked with the production on ''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]'', compared his role in ''Taskaree'' with his earlier work, stating that the contrast allowed him to explore a completely different side of himself as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2026 |title=Nitin Rao praises Taskaree co-star Emraan Hashmi’s calm approach towards work |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/nitin-rao-praises-taskaree-costar-emraan-hashmi-for-his-calm-approach-23613141 |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Mohammed Al Fahad, who portrays a police officer in the series, became the first [[Bahrain|Bahraini]] actor to appear in a major [[Bollywood]] production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Al Fahad Makes History Featuring In Netflix's 'Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web'|url=https://lovin.co/bahrain/en/bahrain/mohammed-al-fahad-makes-history-featuring-in-netflixs-taskaree-the-smugglers-web/,%20https://lovin.co/bahrain/en/bahrain/mohammed-al-fahad-makes-history-featuring-in-netflixs-taskaree-the-smugglers-web/|date=19 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en-US|last=Sara}}</ref>

===Filming===
Following a plot centred on an [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs|Indian Customs Service]] team at the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] in [[Mumbai]] tackling an international [[criminal syndicate]], the series was [[Location shooting|shot on location]] in Mumbai, Goa, Delhi, [[Milan]], [[Bangkok]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Al Dirah|Al-Dera'a]], [[Addis Ababa]] as well as in [[Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=7 January 2026 |title=Emraan Hashmi Leads Netflix India Customs Enforcement Thriller ‘Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web,’ Trailer Unveiled |url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/emraan-hashmi-netflix-thriller-taskaree-trailer-1236625028/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> During the shoot, [[Emraan Hashmi]], Amruta Khanvilkar, and [[Nandish Sandhu]] were collectively referred to as the “Trimurti” by the crew, owing to their chemistry.<ref name=":1" /> Khanvilkar sustained a hand injury while filming an action sequence, resulting in swelling that lasted for approximately a month.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amruta Khanvilkar recalls injury during intense Taskaree action shoot: “My wrist remained swollen for over a month” : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amruta-khanvilkar-recalls-injury-intense-taskaree-action-shoot-wrist-remained-swollen-month/|date=19 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama}}</ref> [[Cyril Raffaelli]] was one of the [[Stunt coordinator|stunt coordinators]] for the show.

== Marketing and release ==
The trailer of the series was released on 7 January 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Toppo |first1=Nikita |title=Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web trailer out: Emraan Hashmi set to defeat smuggling syndicate as customs officer |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/taskaree-the-smuggler-s-web-trailer-out-emraan-hashmi-set-to-defeat-smuggling-syndicate-as-customs-officer-1767794912395 |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[WION]] |date=7 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> The series premiered on [[Netflix]] on 14 January 2026 in [[Hindi]] and dubbed versions of [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[English language|English]] languages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web trailer: Emraan Hashmi and Sharad Kelkar in a cat and mouse chase |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2026/Jan/07/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-trailer-emraan-hashmi-and-sharad-kelkar-in-a-cat-and-mouse-chase |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=8 January 2026 |language=en |date=7 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gulati |first1=Triya |title=Working with Emraan Hashmi. The most difficult thing is 'making a family show' |url=https://theprint.in/feature/working-with-emraan-hashmi-the-most-difficult-thing-is-making-a-family-show/2821724/ |access-date=8 January 2026 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=8 January 2026}}</ref>

==Reception==
It became the first Indian series to reach number one on Netflix’s global non-English TV list.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking New Ground: 'Taskaree' Tops Netflix Global Charts {{!}} Entertainment|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/entertainment/3780511-breaking-new-ground-taskaree-tops-netflix-global-charts|website=Devdiscourse|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> According to [[Tudum]]’s weekly chart, ''Taskaree'' recorded 5.4 million views and 29.4 million hours of watch time in its debut week, securing the top position worldwide and finishing ahead of the [[Korean drama|Korean]] romantic comedy ''[[Can This Love Be Translated?]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Vinita |title=Emraan Hashmi's 'Taskaree' Beats 'Jujutsu Kaisen' To Rule Netflix Worldwide |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/taskaree-netflix-emraan-hashmi-views-most-watched-jujutsu-kaisen-1823202 |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2026 |title=Netflix Global Top 10 Non-English TV Shows: Can This Love Be Translated At No 2, THIS Indian Show Tops The Chart |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/netflix-global-top-10-non-english-tv-shows-can-this-love-be-translated-at-no-2-taskaree-indian-show-tops-the-chart-article-153488637 |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> The show continued its strong momentum in the second week, adding another 3.9 million views and 21.2 million hours of watch time, and retained a place in Netflix’s global Top 10 non-English shows, ranking third overall.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dass |first=Shawn |date=2026-02-05 |title=This 7 episode crime thriller got 50 million views in just 12 days, became No 1 show on Netflix worldwide, name is..., lead actors are... |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/this-7-episode-crime-thriller-got-50-million-views-in-just-12-days-became-no-1-show-on-netflix-worldwide-name-is-taskaree-the-smugglers-web-lead-actors-are-emraan-hashmi/736381/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref> In just 12 days following its release, the series crossed an impressive 9.3 million views, while accumulating more than 50.6 million total hours watched in its first two weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-05 |title=भारत ही नहीं बल्कि विदेशों में भी गदर काट रही ये सीरीज, 12 दिनों में मिले 50 मिलियन व्यूज, IMDb से मिली बेहतरीन रेटिंग {{!}} Bollywood Life हिंदी |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/hi/web-series/emraan-hashmi-web-series-taskaree-the-smugglers-web-50-million-views-on-global-trending-3315895/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Bollywood Life |language=hi}}</ref> In comparison, Netflix’s earlier 2025 release ''[[Black Warrant (TV series)|Black Warrant]]'' achieved 9.8 million views over its entire run.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-06 |title=१२ दिवसांत तब्बल ५० मिलियन व्ह्यूज; नेटफ्लिक्सवरील 'या' हिंदी सीरिजचा जगभरात जलवा, तुम्ही पाहिलीत का? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ott/taskaree-trending-on-netflix-with-50-million-views-emraan-hashmi-amruta-khanvilkar-hrc-97-5692961/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> Following its release, [[Zoya Afroz]], [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], Anurag Sinha, and [[Emraan Hashmi]] ranked first, second, third, and sixth respectively on [[IMDb]]’s Popular Indian Celebrities list for the week, while director [[Neeraj Pandey]] ranked tenth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi leads IMDb’s weekly popular Indian Celebrities list after Taskaree release |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-leads-imdb-s-weekly-popular-indian-celebrities-list-after-taskaree-release-article-13781651.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260120103835/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-leads-imdb-s-weekly-popular-indian-celebrities-list-after-taskaree-release-article-13781651.html |archive-date=20 January 2026 |access-date=23 January 2026 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
Risha Ganguly of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the series 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote that "''Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web'' is a competently crafted crime series that prioritises realism over spectacle. While it lacks narrative surprises and occasionally struggles with momentum, strong performances, especially by Emraan Hashmi and Sharad Kelkar, keep it engaging."<ref>{{cite web|first=Risha|last=Ganguly|title=
Taskaree The Smuggler's Web Review: Emraan Hashmi's Honest Performance Uplifts Neeraj Pandey Show|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-emraan-hashmis-honest-performance-uplifts-neeraj-pandey-show-watch-on-netflix-review-153445142|date=14 January 2026|website=Times Now}}</ref> Titas Chowdhury of ''[[News 18]]'' also gave it 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "Emraan Hashmi's performance relies less on bravado and more on contained intensity. Alternatively, Sharad Kelkar, meant to project menace and moral rot, remains curiously bland."<ref>{{cite web|first=Titas|last=Chowdhury|title=Taskaree Review: Emraan Hashmi Opts For Intensity Over Swagger, Neeraj Pandey Almost Finds His Footing Again|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/taskaree-review-emraan-hashmi-opts-for-intensity-over-swagger-neeraj-pandey-almost-finds-his-footing-again-ws-kl-9827605.html|date=14 January 2026|website=News 18}}</ref>

[[Bollywood Hungama]] rated the series 3 out of 5 stars and remarked that "On the whole, ''TASKAREE: THE SMUGGLER’S WEB'' is a unique one-of-a-kind show on customs and smuggling and impresses with its light-hearted narrative, comic and dramatic moments, a few twists and performances by the lead cast."<ref>{{cite web|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|title=Web Series Review: TASKAREE: THE SMUGGLER’S WEB is a one-of-a-kind show that impresses|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/web-series-review-taskaree-smugglers-web-one-kind-show-impresses/|date=14 January 2026|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' also gave the series 3 stars out of 5, writing that "You can binge-watch the show, but you can watch it at one go too, just the way I did, because once you start watching, you won’t feel like giving it up. Wait till the very end because that is the real twist of the show. Not for a minute are you going to get bored."<ref>{{cite web|first=Lachmi Deb|last=Roy|title=Netflix ‘Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web’ Review: Emraan Hashmi gives a brilliant performance in an immersive, Riveting and incredibly relevant Neeraj Pandey show|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-emraan-hashmi-gives-a-brilliant-performance-in-an-immersive-neeraj-pandey-show-13968625.html|date=14 January 2026|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Srishti Walia of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' rated the series 3 out of 5 stars and observed that "Pandey paces the series well, with characters grounded in their workplace and navigating the nitty-gritty of concealing illegal goods."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web Review {{!}} Deception, Greed And Power In An Elite Shadow Economy|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/movie-review/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-deception-greed-and-power-in-an-elite-shadow-economy|website=Outlook India|date=22 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that "Emraan Hashmi leads Neeraj Pandey’s thriller that trades explosive momentum for nuanced depictions of smuggling and the personal cost of integrity."<ref>{{cite web|first=Anuj|last=Kumar|title=‘Taskaree’ series review: A Neeraj Pandey special that rewards patience|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/emraan-hashmi-taskaree-series-review-a-neeraj-pandey-special-rewards-patience-netflix-india/article70508989.ece|date=14 January 2026|website=The Hindu}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote in her review that "There isn’t a trace of guilty pleasure over the 1970s movie-like scenes of smugglers operating somewhere in the foreign to push gold bars, drugs and expensive watches into India. There is no dearth of ideas in ''Taskaree'' for how to bring contraband into the country."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=‘Taskaree’ review: Show about smugglers and Customs officials is dutiful and dull|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1089934/taskaree-review-show-about-smugglers-and-customs-officials-is-dutiful-and-dull|date=14 January 2026|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

Kabir Singh Bhandari of ''[[Free Press Journal]]'' rated the series 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "The series is like a tutorial on how smuggling is carried out at airports and what the role of the customs officers entail."<ref>{{cite web|first=Kabir Singh|last=Bhandari|title=Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web Review: Emraan Hashmi's Series Is A Deep Dive Into The World Of Customs And Crime|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-emraan-hashmis-series-is-a-deep-dive-into-the-world-of-customs-and-crime|date=14 January 2026|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref> In ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'', Nonika Singh, who also rated the series 2.5 out of 5 stars, noted, “The drama turns too filmy and has the trademark strengths and weaknesses of a signature Pandey series.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Taskaree: The Smugglers Web’: Thriller that’s a primer on smuggling |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-review/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-thriller-thats-a-primer-on-smuggling/ |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Reviewing for ''[[NDTV]]'', [[Saibal Chatterjee]] rated the series 2.5 out of 5 stars and remarked that “if only the sheen of novelty wasn't dulled by facile plot twists, it would have been a far more captivating show.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |author1-link=Saibal Chatterjee |title=Taskaree The Smuggler's Web Review: Emraan Hashmi Show Starts Off Strong, Let Down By Plot Twists |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-emraan-hashmi-show-starts-off-strong-let-down-by-plot-twists-2-5-stars-10748329 |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=14 January 2026}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' stated that it has "a bingeable world, a skippable storyline, and the Neeraj Pandey-helmed series falls into old habits despite exploring uncharted territory."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul |last=Desai|title=‘Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web’ Series Review: New Wine In An Old Bottle|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/taskaree-series-review-emraan-hashmi-show-offers-new-wine-in-an-old-bottle|date=14 January 2026|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref> Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[OTT Play]]'' rated it 2 out of 5 stars and commented that "Emraan Hashmi shines, but ''Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web'' sinks. Despite the global scale, the plot is predictable, and tropes are heavy. A hollow, abrupt thriller that lacks real substance and punch."<ref>{{cite web|first=Aishwarya|last=Vasudevan|title=Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web review - Emraan Hashmi is a sharp hook in a 'no-show' thriller that misses the obvious|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-review-emraan-hashmi-neeraj-pandey-sharad-kelkar-zoya-afroz/793828f3aa53|date=14 January 2026|website=OTT Play}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Express]]'' critic Kartik Bhardwaj observed that "The series begins well but then plot churnings take over and everything is rushed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |date=3 January 2026 |title=Taskaree: The Smuggler’s Web Series Review: Emraan Hashmi-led show is pulpy fun with predictable turns |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2026/Jan/18/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-series-review-emraan-hashmi-led-show-is-pulpy-fun-with-predictable-turns |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt35335046}}
* {{Netflix title|81406373}}

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[[Category:2020s crime television series]]
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Shambhala (2025 film)

2026-04-07T02:37:44Z

Greyscaledesign: added new page

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Ugandhar Muni}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}{{Infobox film
| name = Aadi Shambhala
| image = Shambhala (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ugandhar Muni
| writer = Ugandhar Muni
| producer = Mahidhar Reddy Rajashekhar Annabhimoju
| starring = [[Aadi Saikumar]] Archana Iyer Swasika Vijay
| cinematography = Praveen K. Bangarri
| editing = Shravan Katikaneni
| music = [[Sricharan Pakala]]
| studio = Shining Pictures Banner
| released = {{Film date|2025|12|25|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹13 crore<ref>{{cite web
|title=Shambhala: Cast, budget, plot, runtime, and OTT platform, all you need to know about Aadi Saikumar starrer
|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shambhala-cast-budget-plot-runtime-and-ott-platform-all-you-need-to-know-about-aadi-saikumar-starrer/a62d6f9fd2346
|website=OTTplay
|access-date=14 January 2026
}}</ref>
| gross = ₹21.05 crore<ref>{{cite web |title=Aadi Saikumar Shambhala Movie Total WW Collections |url=https://t2blive.com/aadi-saikumar-shambhala-movie-total-ww-collections/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=13 March 2026 |access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref>
}}

'''''Shambhala: A Mystical World''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Supernatural film|supernatural]] [[Horror film|horror]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Ugandhar Muni.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fb |last2=Tw |last3=Linkdin |last4=Whatsapp |last5=Us |first5=GNFollow |title=Shambhala Movie Review: శంబాల మూవీ రివ్యూ, రేటింగ్‌.. ఆది సాయికుమార్‌ కి సాలిడ్‌ బ్రేక్‌ |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/movie-reviews/shambhala-movie-review-rating-aadi-sai-kumar-solid-comeback-in-telugu-i9lrw9w |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Asianet News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> It starred [[Aadi Saikumar]] and Archana Iyer.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title='శంబాల' మూవీ రివ్యూ అండ్‌ రేటింగ్‌ {{!}} Shambhala Movie Review And Rating In Telugu {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/shambhala-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-2660092 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2025-12-26 |title='Shambhala' box office collection day 1: Aadi Saikumar collects Rs 1.50 crore on first day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/shambhala-box-office-collection-day-1-aadi-saikumar-collects-rs-1-50-crore-on-first-day/articleshow/126183069.cms |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The film has music composed by [[Sricharan Pakala]],<ref name=":1" /> cinematography by Praveen K. Bangarri, and editing by Shravan Katikaneni.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Greatandhra |date=2025-12-25 |title=Shambhala Review: మూవీ రివ్యూ: శంబాల Great Andhra |url=https://telugu.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/shambhala-movie-review.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Great Andhra |language=te}}</ref> The film was released on 25 December 2025 and became a comeback hit for Aadi, after a streak of consecutive box office failures, ultimately grossing over ₹21.05 crore at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2026 |title=Aadi Saikumar Shambhala Movie Total WW Collections |url=https://t2blive.com/aadi-saikumar-shambhala-movie-total-ww-collections/ |access-date=March 13, 2026 |website=T2BLive}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In the 1980s, a meteorite crashes near Shambhala, a village steeped in history and folklore. From that moment, disturbing incidents begin to plague the village. A scientist, Vikram, arrives to study the situation.

Some villagers behave in a very weird way. They start hurting themselves. And many even kill themselves in violent ways. The villagers, who are full of superstitions, think that something evil has come. But Vikram, who only believes in science, does not believe any of that, and wants to find the truth.

When Vikram investigates the meteorite a secret is revealed. What is the secret? What is the history of Shambhala? What is the story behind the deity of Shambhala? Who is Devi, who helped Vikram in his investigation? What is the reason behind the strange deaths happening in the village?

== Cast ==

* [[Aadi Saikumar]] as Vikram, a scientist from Geological survey of India
* Archana Iyer as Devi
* [[Swasika]] as Vasantha
* [[Madhunandan]] as police constable
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Ramulu, a villager
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Ramaraju]] as Priest
* [[Shiju AR]] as Village President
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Forensic Pathologist
* [[Annapurna (actress)|Annapurna]] as mother of Ramulu
* Laxman Meesala
* Indraneil Varma
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as cab driver
* [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya]] as Village president's wife

== Music ==
The film's music was composed by [[Sricharan Pakala]].<ref name=":1" />

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)...
| total_length = 13:14
| all_writing = Kittu Vissapragada
| all_lyrics = Kittu Vissapragada
| all_music = Sricharan Pakala
| title1 = Padhe Padhe
| length1 = 3:24
| extra1 = [[Yamini Ghantasala]]
| title2 = Naa Peru Shambhala
| length2 = 3:30
| extra2 = [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| title3 = Yeppudo Yekkado
| length3 = 3:01
| extra3 = Prudhvi Chandra
| title4 = Shivam Shiva
| length4 = 3:19
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Sriram Maddury
}}

== Release ==
''Shambhala'' was released on 25 December 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2025-12-25 |title=Shambhala Movie Review: An engaging mystic thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Dec/25/shambhala-movie-review-an-engaging-mystic-thriller |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-25 |title=శంబాల రివ్యూ- వెయ్యేళ్ల చరిత్రగల ఊరుకు పట్టిన బండ భూతం- ఆది సాయి కుమార్ హారర్ మిస్టరీ థ్రిల్లర్ ఆకట్టుకుందా? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/telugu/entertainment/shambhala-review-in-telugu-and-rating-aadi-saikumar-horror-mystery-thriller-movie-explained-261766640486720.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=te}}</ref> On 5 January 2026 Rishabh Shetty unveiled the trailer of the hindi dubbed version of ''Shambhala'', confirming 9 January 2026 as the release date for the hindi dubbed version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aadi Sai Kumar’s Shambhala to Release in Hindi, Rishab Shetty Reveals Trailer {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/aadi-sai-kumars-shambhala-to-release-in-hindi-rishab-shetty-reveals-trailer-80653.html |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-05 |title=‘Shambhala: A Mystical World’: ‘Kantara’ star Rishab Shetty unveils Hindi trailer of Aadi Saikumar’s starrer supernatural thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shambhala-a-mystical-world-kantara-star-rishab-shetty-unveils-hindi-trailer-of-aadi-saikumars-starrer-supernatural-thriller/articleshow/126349533.cms |access-date=2026-02-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> After a successful theatrical run of the original telugu version, the film is released in hindi in theaters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shambhala Review: A Sincere Mystical Thriller {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/shambhala-review-a-sincere-mystical-thriller-80848.html |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==

Suhas Sistu from [[The Hans India|''The Hans India'']] gave 3.5/5 stars and stated, "Shambhala stands out as a rare attempt in Telugu cinema that blends mythology, mystery, and horror into a gripping narrative." About the technicalities, he stated, "Director Ugandhar Muni deserves praise for crafting a layered story without confusion. He delivers a genre-driven experience that keeps audiences hooked from the opening frame."<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-12-25 |title=Shambhala: A chilling journey into a mythical world of fear and faith |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/shambhala-a-chilling-journey-into-a-mythical-world-of-fear-and-faith-1033536 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Suresh Kavirayani from [[Cinema Express|''Cinema Express'']] gave the film 3/5 stars and stated, "For Aadi Saikumar, the film marks a solid comeback, proving that he still has it in him."<ref name=":0" /> Bhargav Chaganti from [[NTV (India)|NTV]] gave the film 3/5 stars and stated, "Although the film feels like it lags here and there, the director has mostly succeeded in giving a good experience to the audience overall."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-12-25 |title=Shambhala Movie Review: శంబాల మూవీ రివ్యూ..ఆది సాయి కుమార్ హిట్ కొట్టాడా? |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/shambhala-movie-review-aadi-saikumar-mystical-thriller-913370.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

Avad Mohammad from [[HT Media|''OTTPlay'']] gave a positive review and stated, "Sricharan Pakala has composed the music for the film, and he elevates the proceedings with an impressive score. The production values are top-notch, as the period setup is handled well."<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Shambhala Review: Aadi Saikumar shines in a supernatural thriller that keeps you hooked |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shambhala-review-aadi-saikumar-shines-in-a-supernatural-thriller-that-keeps-you-hooked/c6a3d5bdb4927 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur from [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] gives the film a mixed review and states, "...''Shambhala'' works best when it portrays divinity as a quality of those who mean well, and the victims of the evil spirit as people who fail to keep their vices — greed, envy, anger, hatred — in check. Though it lacks novelty, there is minimal fluff, little distraction, and the storytelling remains largely grounded."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=2025-12-25 |title='Shambhala' movie review: A restrained Aadi Saikumar steers an earnest yet unoriginal mystical thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shambhala-movie-review-a-restrained-aadi-saikumar-steers-an-earnest-telugu-mystical-thriller/article70433385.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]

Heeralaal Pannalaal (film)

2026-04-04T09:54:37Z

Greyscaledesign: adding a details

{{More citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Heeralaal Pannalaal
| image = Heeralal Pannalal.jpg
| caption =
| director = Ashok Roy
| producer = Ashok Roy
| writer = Rajeev Kaul [[S. M. Abbas]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]] [[Randhir Kapoor]] [[Zeenat Aman]] [[Neetu Singh]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1978|10|09}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Heeralaal Pannalaal''''' is a 1978 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed and produced by Ashok Roy. The film has ensemble starcast such as [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Neetu Singh]], with [[Prem Nath|Premnath]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Ajit Khan|Ajit]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Madan Puri]], [[Kamini Kaushal]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Malhotra |first=APS |date= 18 September 2014 |title= Heeralaal Pannalaal (1978) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heeralal-pannalal-1978/article6422569.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018055132/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heeralal-pannalal-1978/article6422569.ece |archive-date=18 October 2022 |access-date=18 October 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with two innocent and kind-hearted guys named Heeralal and Pannalal. They are famous among criminals as they have helped police in capturing them several times. Heeralal is in search of his parents' killer, but is unaware of his identity. Pannalal is in search of his father. Heeralal meets with a girl named Ruby and falls in love with her. Pannalal falls in love with Ruby's friend, Neelam.

Kalicharan, who is a renowned criminal has decided to teach a lesson to Heeralal and Pannalal for interfering in their business. But instead Kalicharan is forced to run from the police. Police Commissioner, Premlal is very happy with the guys and wants to protect them from Kalicharan and his friend, Panther. They find that Kalicharan was the one who killed Heeralal's parents, but surprisingly, Kalicharan is none other than Pannalal's father.

Heeralal and Pannalal rescue the people who were caught in a fire. In the end, Heeralal-Ruby and Pannalal-Neelam unite.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Shashi Kapoor]] as Heeralal
*[[Randhir Kapoor]] as Pannalal
*[[Zeenat Aman]] as Ruby
*[[Neetu Singh]] as Neelam
*[[Prem Nath|Premnath]] as Police Commissioner Premlal
*[[Ranjeet]] as Jaggu
*[[Ajit Khan|Ajit]] as Kalicharan
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Panther
*[[Madan Puri]] as Advocate
*[[Padma Khanna]] as Bijli
*[[Kamini Kaushal]] as Mrs. Premlal
*[[Asrani]] as Inspector Anand
*[[Ramesh Deo]] as Inspector Samant
*[[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as Police Commissioner Ram Singh
}}

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "O Padosan Ki Ladki"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Main Dhal Gayi Rang Mein Tere, Tu Razi Hai Ab To"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Kahiye Kahan Se Aana Hua, Chehra To Hai Pehchaana Hua, Sochiye Nai Baat Koi, Ab Yeh Mazaaq Purana Hua"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Seedhe Raste Chaloge Toh"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Aaja Mere Pyar Aaja" (Solo)
| [[Hemant Kumar]]
|-
| "Aaja Mere Pyar Aaja, Dekh Aise Na Sata" (Duet)
| [[Rahul Dev Burman]], Asha Bhosle
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0258647|title=Heeralaal Pannalaal}}

[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 action comedy films]]
[[Category:1978 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action comedy films]]

Kulpreet Yadav

2026-04-03T14:33:41Z

Greyscaledesign: adding new entry

{{short description|Indian author and actor}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Kulpreet Yadav
| image = Kulpreet Yadav Screenwriter.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|1|14}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Novelist|screenwriter|actor}}
| genre = [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]], [[mystery fiction]], [[conspiracy fiction]]
| notableworks = ''The Girl Who Loved a Pirate'' ''The Girl Who Loved a Spy'' ''Murder in Paharganj'' "In Love with Simran" "Queens Of Crime (Co-authored along with [[Sushant Singh]])" The Battle Of Rezang La
| alma_mater = Nowrosjee Wadia College, [[Indian Naval Academy]], [[Amity University, Mumbai|Amity University]]
| spouse = Seema Yadav
| influences =
| website = {{URL|http://www.kulpreetyadav.com/}}
}}

'''Kulpreet Yadav''' (born 14 January 1968) is an Indian novelist, screenwriter and actor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-kulpreet-yadav-after-writing-books-making-films-seemed-like-an-ideal-extension-for-me/articleshow/81326478.cms|title=Exclusive! Kulpreet Yadav: After writing books, making films seemed like an ideal extension for me|author=Shivani Mankermi|date=4 March 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en-GB}}</ref> He has authored 13 books, including ''The Girl Who Loved a Pirate'' and ''The Girl Who Loved a Spy''.

== Early life ==
Kulpreet was born in [[Chennai]] and completed graduation in Science from Nowrosjee Wadia College, [[Pune]]. He completed his post-graduation in journalism and mass communication from [[Amity University, Noida]] in 2004 and management courses from IIM, Indore and IIM, Lucknow. He joined the Naval Officer's Academy and served for two decades. In 2007 he was awarded the director general's Commendation for professionalism and dedication to the nation. He retired voluntarily in the rank of commandant with the [[Indian Coast Guard]] in 2014.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==Personal life==
Kulpreet lives in Delhi.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==Bibliography==
* The Bet (Frog Books, 2006)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0FNPgAACAAJ|title=The Bet- Kulpreet Yadav|last=Google|first=Books|year=2006|publisher=Leadstart Publishing Pvt Limited |isbn=9788188811847|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref>
* A Waiting Wave ([[Pustak Mahal]], 2011)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/loved-and-not-lost/article3585412.ece|title=Loved and not lost|last=Hasnain|first=Sidra|date=29 June 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-GB|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
* India Unlimited—Stories from a Nation Caught Between Hype & Hope (Lifi Publications, 2013)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-literaryreview/first-look/article4685045.ece|title=First Look|author=Staff Reporter|date=5 May 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-GB|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
* Catching the Departed (Tara books, 2014)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kulpreet-yadav-on-his-novel-catching-the-departed/article6334797.ece|title=Zeal for writing |last=Ravi|first=S.|date=20 August 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-GB|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
* The Girl Who Loved a Pirate, Andy Karan #2 (Rumour Books, 2015)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/book-launches/A-pirate-a-girl-and-a-spy-an-unlikely-trio/articleshow/48731703.cms|title=A pirate, a girl and a spy -- an unlikely trio!|author=Staff Reporter|date=2 September 2015|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en-GB|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/high-seas-of-thrill/article7869351.ece|title=High seas of thrill |last=Sravasti|first=Datta|date=12 November 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-GB|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
* The Girl Who Loved a Spy, Andy Karan #1 (Rumour Books, 2016)
* Murder in Paharganj (Bloomsbury, 2017)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kuldeep-yadav-shares-the-story-behind-his-latest-thriller-and-why-he-likes-to-experiment/article21288148.ece|title=Kulpreet Yadav shares the story behind his latest thriller and why he likes to experiment|last=Murthy|first=Neeraja|date=7 December 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-GB|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/081017/qa-kulpreet-yadav.html|title=Q&A: Kulpreet Yadav|author=Staff Reporter|date=8 October 2017|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|language=en-GB|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-murder-in-paharganj-is-a-whirlwind-of-action-and-mystery/articleshow/61735510.cms?from=mdr|title=Micro review: Murder in Paharganj is a whirlwind of action and mystery|author=Staff Reporter|date=21 November 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en-GB|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>
*In Love With Simran (Srishti Publications)
*The Last Love Letter ( [[Rupa & Co.|Rupa Publications]], 2019)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-the-last-love-letter/articleshow/70725095.cms|title=Micro review: 'The Last Love Letter'|last=TOI|first=TNN|date=26 August 2019|newspaper=Times Of India|language=en-GB|access-date= 3 December 2019}}</ref>
*Queens Of Crime – Co-authored along with [[Sushant Singh]] ([[Penguin Books|Penguin India]], 2019)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/-queens-of-crime-know-10-violent-women-criminals-in-india--1.3758243|title='Queens of Crime' – Know 10 violent women criminals in India|last=MATRUBHUMI|first=IANS|date=28 April 2019|newspaper=Matrubhumi|language=en-GB|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203075330/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/-queens-of-crime-know-10-violent-women-criminals-in-india--1.3758243|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/beyond-the-tales-of-indrani-and-the-bandit-queen-1545209-2019-06-09|title=Micro review: 'The Last Love Letter'|last=Raghavan|first=Antara|date=9 June 2019|newspaper=India Today|language=en-GB|access-date= 3 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/if-books-could-kill/articleshow/70061465.cms|title=Micro review: 'The Last Love Letter'|last=Mallya|first=Vinutha|date=4 July 2019|newspaper=Times Of India|language=en-GB|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203075329/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/if-books-could-kill/articleshow/70061465.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*The Darjeeling Ghost<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/54199507-the-darjeeling-ghost|title=THE DARJEELING GHOST: A 120-year-old ghost warns a young woman that her life is in danger}}</ref>
*UNLOVED IN NUDE TOWN (Ebook)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.amazon.in/UNLOVED-NUDE-TOWN-Obsessed-AMBITION-ebook/dp/B07453K1F1|title=UNLOVED IN NUDE TOWN: Stories of Modern Indians Obsessed with LOVE, LUST, and AMBITION Kindle Edition}}</ref>
*The City of Mirrors<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35227163-the-city-of-mirrors|title=THE CITY OF MIRRORS}}</ref>
*The Battle Of Rezang La<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hariharan|first=Colonel Arun|title=A stirring tale of heroism in the frozen heights of Rezang La|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/reviews/a-stirring-tale-of-heroism-in-the-frozen-heights-of-rezang-la/article36644712.ece|access-date=2021-11-11|website=@businessline|date=24 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Kulpreet Yadav recounts historic battle of Rezang La|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/a-historic-battle-recounted-322624|access-date=2021-11-11|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>
*Brahmaputra - The Ahom Son Rises 1 (Co-authored along with [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=AR|first=Reshmi|title=Writing Is Immensely Gratifying, Says Kulpreet Yadav
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/210523/writing-is-immensely-gratifying-says-kulpreet-yadav.html|access-date=2023-05-21|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=21 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhura|first= Sneha AR|title=RRR creator Vijayendra Prasad turns to Assamese General Lachit Borphukan in his debut novel|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/rrr-creator-vijayendra-prasad-turns-to-assamese-general-lachit-borphukan-in-his-debut-novel/articleshow/100809728.cms|access-date=2023-06-07|newspaper=The Times of India|date= 7 June 2023|language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2021
| Graveyard & the Madman
| Antagonist
|Short Film
|-
| 2021
| There's a Stranger in my Bedroom
| -
|Short film – Writer, Director & Producer
|-
| 2022
| Fidelity
| Rakshit
| Short film (sci-fi)
|-
| 2022
| Band Darwaze
| -
| Short film – Writer & Producer
|-
| TBA
| [[The Archies (film)]]
| Clubhouse Manager
| Hindi Feature Film
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Kathanar - The Wild Sorcerer]]''
| Mar Abo
| Malayalam film
|-
| TBA
| One Last Drink
| Anthony Kumar
| Short film
|-
| TBA
| Looser
| IGP Atul Kumar
| Short film
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2022
| DUDE (Season 2)
| CEO Nayan Kapur
| Amazon MiniTv
|-
| 2023
| [[Asur (Indian web series)]], Season 2
| Harivansh Sinha
| Jio cinema
2023
|-
| 2023
| Badtameez Dil
| Sayyed
| Amazon MiniTv
|-
| TBA
| Social Disconnect
| Mr Parker
| -
|}

==Awards==
* 2014 & 2016: Shortlisted for DNA-Out of Print Short fiction contest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-dna-out-of-print-short-fiction-contest-long-way-from-home-2005586|title=DNA-Out of Print short fiction contest: Long Way from Home |author=Staff Reporter|newspaper=DNA|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* 2018, Best Fiction Writer (Gurgaon Literature Festival) for "Murder In Paharganj".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/times-litfest-2019/speakers/kulpreet-yadav/articleshow/71867817.cms|title=Kulpreet Yadav|newspaper=TOI|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.kulpreetyadav.com/ Official website]
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12656342/ IMDB]
* [https://www.storizen.com/authors/a-man-with-many-sides-kulpreet-yadav-exclusive-interview/ A Man with Many Sides – Kulpreet Yadav – An Exclusive Interview]

{{authority control}}
{{portal bar|Biography|India|Filmmaking|Literature}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Kulpreet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:People from Chennai]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian thriller writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Delhi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]

Master Bharath

2026-03-30T16:06:32Z

Greyscaledesign: Started first article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name = Bharath Kumar
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|04|09}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]}}
| years_active = 2002-present
| awards = [[Nandi Awards]]
}}

'''Bharath Kumar''' (born 9 April 1995), professionally known as '''Master Bharath''', is an Indian actor who works prominently in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]] apart from a few [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]] and television serials. He debuted in the [[film industry]] with the film ''[[Naina (2002 film)|Naina]]'' (2002). Since then he has acted in more than 62 films.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jeevi|title=Interview with Bharat (child actor)|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/bharat-childartist.html|website=idlebrain.com|publisher=idlebrain|accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> He won two [[Nandi Awards|Nandi awards]] as best child actor for the films ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (2008) and ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'' (2010). He is one of the best comedians the South Indian film industry ever has.

==Filmography==
===Telugu ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''[[Anji (film)|Anji]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Pedababu]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Anandamanandamaye]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Venky]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]'' (2004)
* ''Manasu Maata Vinadu'' (2005)
* ''Nee Navve Chalu'' (2006)
* ''[[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Pokiri]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Andala Ramudu (2006 film)|Andala Ramudu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Tata Birla Madhyalo Laila]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Dubai Seenu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Kantri]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Rainbow (2008 film)|Rainbow]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Siddu from Sikakulam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Chintakayala Ravi]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Dongala Bandi]]'' (2008)
* ''[[King (2008 film)|King]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Ekaloveyudu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Malli Malli]]'' (2009)
* ''Adugu'' (2009)
* ''[[Oy!]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Ninnu Kalisaka]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Bumper Offer]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Saleem (film)|Saleem]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Rama Rama Krishna Krishna]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Maa Annayya Bangaram]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Komaram Puli]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Baava]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Ragada]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Mr. Perfect (film)|Mr. Perfect]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Veera (2011 film)|Veera]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Badrinath (film)|Badrinath]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Veedu Theda]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Nippu]]'' (2012)
* ''Ramadandu'' (2012)
* ''[[Naa Ishtam]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Denikaina Ready]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Sarocharu]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (2012 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Vennela 1½]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Masala (2013 film)|Masala]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Doosukeltha]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Autonagar Surya]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Alludu Seenu]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Jaihind 2]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Aa Okkadu]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Size Zero (film)|Size Zero]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Eedu Gold Ehe]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Mister (film)|Mister]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Achari America Yatra]]'' (2018)
* ''[[ABCD – American Born Confused Desi]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Iddari Lokam Okate]]'' (2019)
* ''[[FCUK: Father Chitti Umaa Kaarthik]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Viswam (film)|Viswam]]'' (2024)
}}

===Tamil===

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''[[Naina (2002 film)|Naina]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Panchathanthiram]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Indru Mudhal]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Saravana]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Pokkiri]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Viyabari]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Madurai Ponnu Chennai Paiyan]]'' (2008)
*''[[Silambattam (film)|Silambattam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Siruthai]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Mirattal]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Oruvar Meethu Iruvar Sainthu]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Jaihind 2]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Inji Iduppazhagi]]'' (2015)
}}
;Television
* ''[[My Dear Bootham (TV series)|My Dear Bootham]]'' (2004–2007)
* ''Raja Rajeshwari'' (2004–2007)

=== Kannada ===
*''[[Jaihind 2|Abhimanyu]]'' (2014)

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor|Best Child Actor]] – ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]''
* [[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor|Best Child Actor]] – ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]''
;[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-08-01/kushboo-09-08-08.html|title=Kushboo awarded|date=9 August 2008|work=Behindwoods}}</ref>
*Best Child Artiste – ''My Dear Bootham''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=3953246}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharath, Master}}
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]

Passports Act, 1967

2026-03-25T19:20:05Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating Article!

{{Refimprove|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Passports Act, 1967
| long_title = An Act to provide for the issue of passports and travel documents, to regulate the departure from India of citizens of India and other persons and for matters incidental or ancillary thereto.
| citation = [http://passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/pdf/passport_act.pdf Act 15 of 1967]
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| date_enacted = 24 June 1967
| date_assented =
| date_signed =
| date_commenced = 5 May 1967
| amended_by = {{ubl|Passports (Amendment) Act 1978 (Act 31 of 1978)|Passports (Amendment) Act, 1993 (35 of 1993)|Passports (Amendment) Act, 2002 (17 of 2002)}}
| amends = Indian Passport Act, 1920 (34 of 1920)
| repeals = Passports Ordinance, 1967 (4 of 1967)
| related_legislation = [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act, 1955]]
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = in force
}}

The '''Passports Act, 1967''' is an act of the [[Parliament of India]] ''"for the issue of passports and travel documents, to regulate the departure from India of citizens of India and for other persons and for matters incidental or ancillary thereto.''" The Act applies to whole of [[India]] extending to citizens of India living outside the country. The Act replaced the Indian Passport Ordinance 1967 and was enacted by Act 15 of 1967 with retrospective effect from 5 May 1967. The act describes the procedures in getting an [[Indian passport]], which replaced the [[British Indian passport]] and The Passport Act of 1920.

In conformity with Article 9 of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]], the Act does not allow [[dual citizenship]]. Under Section 12 of the Act, a person must surrender his passport if he has acquired the citizenship of a foreign country.

== Background ==

In ''Satwant Singh Sawnhey v. D. Ramarathnam, Asst. Passport Officer'', the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] has held that a right to travel is a [[Fundamental Rights in India|Fundamental right]] under Article 21 of [[Indian Constitution]] and the government has no right to refuse a passport to a person who has applied for the same.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zapISrd5LDwC&dq=Indian+passport+Act&pg=PA3 |title=The Passports Act, 1967 |page=3 |date=2001-07-27 |accessdate=2016-02-08}}</ref> It thus became necessary to regulate the issuance of passport and travel documents by law. Prior to the act, the government had issued passports in exercise of its executive power on foreign relations.

As, the Parliament was not in session at that time, the [[President of India]] promulgated an ordinance namely "The Indian Passport Ordinance, 1967 (4 of 1967)".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/pdf/passport_act.pdf |title=The Passports Act, 1967 |website=Passportindia.gov.in\accessdate=2016-02-08}}</ref> The aforesaid act was passed to replace the ordinance.

== Classes of passports and travel documents ==
[[File:Indian Passport (e-Passport, 2024).svg|thumb|298x298px|[[Indian passport]] cover]]
[[File:Indian Official Passport.svg|thumb|114x114px|Official Passport]]
[[File:Indian Diplomatic Passport.svg|thumb|114x114px|Diplomatic Passport]]
The following classes of passports are issued under this act

* ordinary passport;
* official passport;
* diplomatic passport.

The following classes of travel documents may be issued under this act

* emergency certificate authorising a person to enter India;
* certificate of identity for the purpose of establishing the identity of person;
* such other certificate or document as may be prescribed.

== Impounding of passport ==

The passport authority may impound or cause to be impounded or revoke a passport or [[travel document]]:--<ref>Section 10(3), Passports Act, 1967.</ref>

*if the passport authority is satisfied that the holder of the passport or travel document is in wrongful possession thereof;
*if the passport or travel document was obtained by the suppression of material information or on the basis of wrong information provided by the holder of the passport or travel document or any other person on his behalf;
*if the passport authority deems it necessary so to do in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of India, friendly relations of India with any foreign country, or in the interests of the general public;
*if the holder of the passport or travel document has, at any time after the issue of the passport or travel document, been convicted by a court in India for any offence involving [[moral turpitude]] and sentenced in respect thereof to imprisonment for not less than two years;
*if proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been committed by the holder of the passport or travel document are pending before a criminal court in India;
*if any of the conditions of the passport or travel documents is contravened;
*if it is brought to the notice of the passport authority that a warrant or summons for the appearance, or a warrant for the arrest, of the holder of the passport or travel document has been issued by a court under any law for the time being in force or if an order prohibiting the departure from India of the holder of the passport or other travel document has been made by any such court and the passport authority is satisfied that a warrant or summons has been so issued or an order has been so made;
*A court convicting the holder of a passport or travel document of any offence under this Act or the rules made thereunder may also revoke the passport or travel document.

== Restriction on granting passport ==

The passport authority or central shall refuse to issue passport on any one or more of the following grounds, and no other ground

*that the applicant may, or is likely to, engage in such country in activities prejudicial to the sovereignty and integrity of India:
*that the presence of the applicant in such country may, or is likely to, be detrimental to the security of India;
*that the presence of the applicant in such country may, or is likely to, prejudice the friendly relations of India with that or any other country;
*that in the opinion of the Central Government the presence of the applicant in such country is not in the public interest;
*that the applicant is not a citizen of India;
* that the applicant has, at any time during the period of five years immediately preceding the date of his application, been convicted by a court in India for any offence involving moral turpitude and sentenced in respect thereof to imprisonment for not less than two years;
*that proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been committed by the applicant are pending before a criminal court in India;
*that a warrant or summons for the appearance, or a warrant for the arrest, of the applicant has been issued by a court under any law for the time being in force or that an order prohibiting the departure from India of the applicant has been made by any such court;
*that the applicant has been [[repatriated]] and has not reimbursed the expenditure incurred in connection with such repatriation.

== See also ==

*[[Indian nationality law]]
*[[Indian Passport]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ministry of External Affairs (India)}}

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1967]]
[[Category:Indian nationality law]]
[[Category:1967 in Indian law]]
[[Category:1967 in India]]

Don (2006 Hindi film)

2026-03-22T23:50:56Z

Greyscaledesign: refined citations for clarity

{{short description|2006 Indian film directed by Farhan Akhtar}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Don: The Chase Begins Again
| image = Don (2006 Hindi film) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Farhan Akhtar]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
*Farhan Akhtar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Javed Akhtar]]
*Farhan Akhtar
}}
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)|[[Salim–Javed]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|

*[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
*[[Priyanka Chopra]]
*[[Arjun Rampal]]
*[[Isha Koppikar]]
*[[Boman Irani]]
*[[Pavan Malhotra]]
*[[Rajesh Khattar]]
*[[Om Puri]]
*[[Kareena Kapoor]]
}}
| music = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| cinematography = [[K. U. Mohanan]]
| editing = Anand Subaya
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|10|20}}
| runtime = 169 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=Don (2006)|url=https://sattadon.net/satta-king-satta-gali-upgameking-satta-disawar-forum.php|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418121715/https://sattadon.net/satta-king-satta-gali-upgameking-satta-disawar-forum.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}38 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=292|title=Don – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}106.34 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Don: The Chase Begins Again''''', better known simply as '''''Don''''', is a 2006 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] co-written and directed by [[Farhan Akhtar]]. The film was produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] and Farhan Akhtar under their production company [[Excel Entertainment]]. The film stars  [[Shah Rukh Khan]] as the titular [[Antihero|anti-hero]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]] as [[Roma (character)|Roma]], while [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Pavan Malhotra]], and [[Om Puri]] appear in supporting roles. [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] makes a guest appearance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/70059026?source=35|title=Watch Don | Netflix|website=[[Netflix]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0461936/fullcredits|title=Don (2006) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> ''Don'' is a reboot of the [[Don (1978 film)|1978 film of the same title]], and follows the [[Don (character)|titular criminal]]'s look-alike who has been sent on a clandestine mission to impersonate Don after he is wounded in a chase, and to gather intelligence on the drug mafia.

Akhtar sought to remake the film with a contemporary style, while paying homage to the original and cinema of the 1970s. After acquiring the remake rights, he developed the project as a modern reinterpretation of the earlier film. Akhtar co-wrote the screenplay with his father [[Javed Akhtar]], who co-wrote the original script with [[Salim Khan]]. While retaining the basic plot, the remake introduced several changes, including an international setting and different climax. [[Principal photography]] began in [[Mumbai]], and later moved to [[Malaysia]], where most of the film was shot. The soundtrack was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.

''Don: The Chase Begins Again'' was released on 20 October 2006, coinciding with [[Diwali]]. The film was a major commercial success, grossing {{INRConvert|106|c}} worldwide against its budget of {{INRConvert|40|c}}, emerging as the [[List of Hindi films of 2006|fifth highest-grossing Hindi films of 2006]]. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the action sequences, soundtrack, production design, cinematography, and performances of Khan and Chopra. The twist ending was particularly well received by critics and audiences, helping the film be viewed as a distinct reinterpretation rather than a remake of the original.

''Don'' won Best Asian Film at the [[Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival]]. The film also received 9 nominations at the [[52nd Filmfare Awards]], including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Khan).

A sequel titled ''[[Don 2]]'' was released on 23 December 2011.

==Plot==
The illegal drug trade based in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]], is booming. A team headed by DCP D'Silva targets the operations of cartel leader Singhania to capture his manager, Don. Singhania is one of the two lieutenants of a deceased kingpin, known as Boris; the other is Vardhaan, whose whereabouts are unknown.

Don kills Ramesh, one of his close associates, after he tries to leave the gang without informing him first. Ramesh's fiancée Kamini uses herself as bait in an attempt to trap him for the police, but Don kills her too in a standoff. Roma, Ramesh's sister, plans to avenge her brother and sister-in-law's deaths and infiltrates Don's gang. Don is injured and falls into a coma while trying to flee from the police. D'Silva finds a lookalike named Vijay and asks him to join his mission. Vijay, a poor man, agrees when D'Silva promises to admit Deepu, a boy Vijay takes care of, to school.

Meanwhile, Jasjit, an IT consultant and Deepu's father, is released from prison. He plans to kill D'Silva to avenge his wife's death. Some years ago, Jasjit was captured by an unknown assailant who made him steal diamonds from his employer in order to save his kidnapped wife. However, D'Silva caught him and refused to believe Jasjit, shooting him in the leg and giving him a permanent [[limp]]. Jasjit's wife was killed afterwards.

At the hospital, a doctor gives Vijay scars identical to Don's. When Don dies after a heart seizure, the masquerade begins. While Don's dead body is sent to Malaysian security, Vijay poses an amnesiac Don and joins the gang. D'Silva asks Vijay to find a computer disc containing details about the drug cartel. When Vijay finds it, Roma attempts to kill him, but D’Silva tells her of Don's real identity. Vijay hands over the disc to D'Silva, who murders Singhania during a raid at a club. The police also arrest Vijay. D'Silva is killed in the [[shootout]], devastating Vijay, as he was the only person who could prove that the latter is not the real Don. Having discovered Vijay's true identity, Don's associates turn against him. Vijay escapes a prisoner transportation [[Airplane|flight]] to Malaysia and meets with Roma to recover the disc and prove his innocence.

Jasjit finds the disc in D'Silva's apartment. He receives a call to bring the disc to the men who are holding Deepu hostage. He learns that D'Silva had faked his death and is actually Vardhaan (who is also implied to have been the man who blackmailed Jasjit), and was using Vijay to reach Singhania and take over the cartel. Jasjit escapes with Deepu and teams up with Vijay and Roma before the trio informs [[Interpol]].

In combat, Vijay overpowers Vardhaan, who is then arrested by Interpol officer Malik. A wounded Vijay is acquitted, and Roma confesses her love for him. Before he is taken to the hospital, Vijay reciprocates her feelings. However, Roma realizes too late, in a twist ending, that she was being played after “Vijay” says a line that Don once said to her when they first met - Don is actually alive and was pretending to be Vijay all along, having survived the chase and his encounter with Vardhaan. At the hospital, Don recovered from his coma early and overheard Vardhaan and Vijay's plans. Following Vijay's operation, Don switched places with him and injected [[diazepam]] into Vijay's glucose stream, killing him and making the doctors believe it was Don who had died. The disc Don surrendered to the police was a fake one. Now, with both Vardhaan and Singhania removed, Don becomes the kingpin of the Asian drug cartel.

==Cast==

[[File:Don premiere.jpg|thumb|Lead stars Chopra and Khan at the film's premiere, 2006]]
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in a [[dual role]] as
**[[Don (character)|Mark Donald aka Don]]
**Vijay Pal, Don's lookalike
* [[Priyanka Chopra]] as [[Roma (character)|Roma Bhagat]]
* [[Arjun Rampal]] as Jasjit "J. J." Ahuja
* [[Isha Koppikar]] as Anita Sinha
* [[Boman Irani]] as Fake DCP D'Silva/Vardhaan
* [[Om Puri]] as [[Interpol]] Officer Vishal Malik
* [[Kareena Kapoor]] as Kamini Arora/Sonia (Special appearance)
* [[Pavan Malhotra]] as Narang Singh
* [[Rajesh Khattar]] as Singhania, Don's boss
* [[Tanay Chheda]] as Deepak "Deepu" Ahuja, J. J.'s son
* [[Satyajit Sharma]] as Mystery Man
* Nissar Khan as Haatim Qureshi
* [[Chunky Pandey]] as T. J. (special appearance)
* [[Sushma Reddy]] as Geeta Ahuja, J. J.'s wife (special appearance)
* [[Diwakar Pundir]] as Ramesh Bhagat (special appearance)

==Production==
===Development===
[[Farhan Akhtar]] conceived the idea to remake the [[Don (1978 film)|1978 film of the same name]] after listening to a remixed version of a song from the original film.<ref name="telegraph"/> In early 2005, media started reporting that Akhtar was planning to remake the film, but rather than confirming the news, he revealed that though he was writing the screenplay based on the film, he would take the final decision after completing the script.<ref name="don">{{cite web|title=Farhan's 'Don' with SRK|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/farhan-s-don-with-srk-news-bollywood-kkfv6Bciffcsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203195551/http://www.sify.com/movies/farhan-s-don-with-srk-news-bollywood-kkfv6Bciffcsi.html|archive-date=3 February 2017|website=[[Sify]]|date=29 March 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The director co-wrote the film with his father, [[Javed Akhtar]], who had also written the original film with [[Salim Khan]].<ref name="don"/><ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Don is suave bhai with a twist|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/30farhan.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124339/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/30farhan.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|author=Jain, Priyanka|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=30 August 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

Akhtar revealed that the reason behind the remake was a desire to give a new treatment to "a fantastic film which he enjoyed watching as a child", and create an adaptation that he thought would suit modern times.<ref name="rediff"/> He found the film a little ahead of its time. And, he thought so because of the narration, dialogue, and the writing style, which he thought was very modern even for its time. Akhtar said, "''Don'' is the one film from that time that in my mind lends itself to being remade today. So today, when you adapt it, it fits very easily into a contemporary space. I think it fits into the modern sensibility of movie viewing."<ref name="rediff"/><ref name="rediff1">{{cite web|title=Farhan, his dad and the Don|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/17farhan.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125029/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/17farhan.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|author1=Sen Raja|author2=Panicker, Prem|work=Rediff.com|date=17 October 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Additionally, he wanted to pay tribute to the stars and makers of the original film, the 1970s era in general, and the films made by [[Salim–Javed]] and [[Amitabh Bachchan]].<ref name="rediff"/><ref name="rediff2">{{cite web|title=I am not shying away from the old Don|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/18farhan.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125746/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/18farhan.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|author1=Sen Raja|author2=Panicker, Prem|work=Rediff.com|date=18 October 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

In order to suit the modern sensibility, several changes were introduced. Akhtar changed a number of aspects of the climax as he felt the original ending was outdated for today's audiences.<ref name="line">{{cite web|title="The line 'Don ko pakadna mushkil hi nahi, namumkin hai' is very apt for this end than it was for the original" – Farhan Akhtar|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/28/1756/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312044754/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/28/1756/index.html|archive-date=12 March 2007|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> On the other hand, a number of elements from the original were retained in the new film, notably the background score, two songs, some dialogue, and some situations, all of which Akhtar believed were fine in the original, saying that not including them would be a crime.<ref name="rediff"/>

===Casting===
Akhtar initially wanted [[Hrithik Roshan]] for the [[Don (character)|titular character]], after having worked with him on ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'' (2004).<ref name="perfect">{{cite web|title=The perfect Zeenat|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2005/7/20/623/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622232914/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2005/7/20/623/index.html|archive-date=22 June 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 July 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> However, Akhtar felt that the character required a more mature actor, saying he wanted "a face that had seen the world and roughed it out." The director said that Roshan's innocence was not right for the role, and instead cast [[Shah Rukh Khan]] for the part that had been portrayed by Amitabh Bachchan in the 1978 film.<ref name="don"/><ref name="perfect"/> Akhtar believed that Khan was the most suitable for the role, saying, "He has the personality, the style, the flair, the larger than life persona, the sense of humour and the sheer magnetism that this character requires."<ref name="line"/>

In July 2005, [[Priyanka Chopra]] was cast to play Roma, a role originally played by [[Zeenat Aman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka's race to the top|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/5/5433/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215093341/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/5/5433/index.html|archive-date=15 December 2005|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=5 July 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Akhtar found Chopra to be perfect for the role, saying, "There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character." When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film.<ref name="perfect"/> Later that month [[Arjun Rampal]] and [[Isha Koppikar]] joined the cast.<ref name="join">{{cite web|title=Arjun, Ishaa join the DON|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/19/5517/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018112852/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/19/5517/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=19 July 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> While Rampal was cast as Jasjit, played by [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] in the original, after [[Akshay Kumar]] turned down the role for being secondary, Koppikar was cast in a completely new role that was not in the original film.<ref name="join"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Akshay Kumar: Let's Get Serious|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/akshay-kumar-lets-get-serious-news-bollywood-kkfv3Mcbjgbsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202120900/http://www.sify.com/movies/akshay-kumar-lets-get-serious-news-bollywood-kkfv3Mcbjgbsi.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|author=Jha, Subhash K|website=[[Sify]]|date=3 June 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> In August 2005, [[Kareena Kapoor]] was confirmed to appear in the song "Yeh Mera Dil", which had been performed by [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] in the original film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kareena is the new Kamini|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/08/04/5583/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060412160352/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/08/04/5583/index.html|archive-date=12 April 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=4 August 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

Khan, Chopra, and Rampal underwent extensive [[martial arts]] training from an expert from the [[Shaolin Temple]].<ref name="telegraph"/> The principal cast received training in different kinds of martial arts.<ref>{{cite web|title="I don't think people remember the director of the original Don" – Arjun Rampal|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/16/1712/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018071423/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/16/1712/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=16 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> Khan revealed that he had always wanted to look the way Amitabh Bachchan had in his films, but he said he gave his own interpretation to the role.<ref name="perfect"/> After signing to do the film, Chopra was very excited, but a few days later, she became nervous, wondering if she would be able to do justice to the character.<ref name="watch">{{cite web|title="I did not watch Don again because I did not want to do it like Zeenat Aman. If I tried being like her, I would not have been able to do justice to Roma"- Priyanka Chopra|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/17/1716/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018071929/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/17/1716/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=17 October 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Having seen the original film as a teenager, Chopra avoided watching the film again as she did not wanted to imitate Zeenat Aman's portrayal of Roma. She made a conscious effort to give her own look and style to the character.<ref name="watch"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka: I cherish every moment of Don|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/priyanka-i-cherish-every-moment-of-don-news-bollywood-kkfvhPjefgjsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203230623/http://www.sify.com/movies/priyanka-i-cherish-every-moment-of-don-news-bollywood-kkfvhPjefgjsi.html|archive-date=3 February 2017|website=[[Sify]]|date=13 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

This was Chopra's first action role, and she was excited to the part, so she wanted to do all the stunts by herself.<ref name="watch"/> After Chopra decided to perform her own stunts, Akhtar revealed that he was happy as it gave him the scope to film the fight sequences from different angles.<ref name="rediff"/> Rampal, in the role of Jasjit, said that he approached his character in a way similar to how Pran had played it in the original but with an emotional graph. [[Boman Irani]], who plays DCP D'Silva, a role performed by [[Iftekhar]] in the original film, revealed that he played the role according to what suited the script, but retained some of the dignity from that film.<ref>{{cite web|title="If you have to remake a film like Sound of Music would you create new music and new tracks for the film then?" – Boman Irani|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1718/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018071000/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1718/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=18 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[File:Petronas Panorama II.jpg|thumb|Filming was also at the Petronas Towers.]]
[[Principal photography]] commenced in February 2006 in central [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Satellite buyer offers big money for 'Don' rights|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/11/6674/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135322/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/11/6674/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2007|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 February 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="filming1">{{cite web|title=Don being shot in Bombay Central chawls|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/13/6683/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227134553/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/13/6683/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2007|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 February 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> [[Art director|Art direction]] was handled by [[Aradhana Seth]], and the costumes were designed by [[Aki Narula]].<ref name="cast&crew">{{cite web|title=Don – The Chase Begins Again|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-the-chase-begins-again/cast/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234346/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-the-chase-begins-again/cast/|archive-date=1 February 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> Akhtar chose [[K. U. Mohanan]] to handle the cinematography after having been impressed by his work in documentaries and TV commercials.<ref name="rediff3">{{cite web|title='You'll never think Kareena is cheap'|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/19farhan.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125623/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/19farhan.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|author1=Sen Raja|author2=Panicker, Prem|work=Rediff.com|date=19 October 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> To give an authentic feel to the film, scenes were shot on a closed set in actual [[chawl]]s in real locations.<ref name="filming1"/> The film was also shot at [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] and [[Yash Raj Studios]].<ref name="cast&crew"/> Some filming was done in [[Paris]] in March over a 3-day schedule.<ref>{{cite web|title=Farhan Akhtar's Don heads towards Paris|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/27/6750/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518190612/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/02/27/6750/index.html|archive-date=18 May 2008|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=27 February 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

The filming moved to [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]], in April 2006 where the majority of the film was shot. 80% of the filming was done in Kuala Lumpur and [[Langkawi]].<ref name="paan">{{cite web|title=SRK, Priyanka and Saroj Khan set to shoot Paan Banaras Wala|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/04/10/6970/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720013442/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/04/10/6970/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=10 April 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> In Malaysia, filming was done over the course of 70 days at 42 locations including [[Kuala Lumpur City Centre|KLCC]], [[Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur|Kampung Baru]], and [[Sprint Expressway|Penchala Link]], and included more than 1000 extras, all of whom were selected following auditions. Additional filming was done in [[Singapore]].<ref name="paan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Farhan Akhtar's Don to encourage local talents of Malaysia|url=http://indiafm.com/news/2006/02/01/6629/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219233157/http://indiafm.com/news/2006/02/01/6629/index.html|archive-date=19 December 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=1 February 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Apparently, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia [[Mahathir Mohamad]], who had previously declined even Hollywood films to be filmed in the [[Petronas Towers]], gave his permission for the crew to film inside his personal office in the Towers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don enters Malaysia PM's Office|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/09/25/7921/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018072158/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/09/25/7921/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 September 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> For a scene depicting a media ambush, several real-life journalists from India and Malaysia were hired.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysian journalists to be featured in Don|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/05/02/7058/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720215059/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/05/02/7058/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=2 May 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

The song "Yeh Mera Dil" was choreographed by [[Farah Khan]].<ref name="paan"/> Veteran choreographer [[Saroj Khan]] agreed to choreograph the new version of the popular song "Khaike Paan Banaras Waala", which had been choreographed by her mentor [[P. L. Raj]] in the original film.<ref name="paan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Saroj Khan gets sentimental about DON|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/09/21/7895/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308040909/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/09/21/7895/index.html|archive-date=8 March 2007|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=21 September 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> The song was filmed in Malaysia on 13 May 2006 with Khan and Chopra.<ref name="paan"/> The dancing for other songs was choreographed by [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Ganesh Hegde]], and Rajeev Surti.<ref name="cast&crew"/> Hollywood technician Angelo Sahin, the [[Special effects|special Effects]] supervisor behind ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'' (2000), and aerial stunt co-ordinator Joe Jennings, known for his work in films such as ''[[Charlie's Angels (2000 film)|Charlie's Angels]]'' (2000), were hired for the action sequences. Filming was also at the [[Petronas Towers]].<ref>{{cite web|title=International technicians on DON|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/08/23/7667/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224083934/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/08/23/7667/index.html|archive-date=24 February 2007|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=23 August 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Don (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics written by [[Javed Akhtar]]. The album contains 8 songs: 3 original, 2 remakes of from the original film, a theme, a reprise, and a remix of one of the 3 new songs. The vocals were performed by [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Alisha Chinai]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Udit Narayan]] and [[MIDIval Punditz]]. It was released on 26 August 2006 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref name="planetbollywood">{{cite web|title=Don Music Review|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=091106025149|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921000441/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=091106025149|archive-date=21 September 2012|author=Bhasin, Shruti|publisher=Planet Bollywood|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-music-to-release-on-august-26/|title='DON' music to release on September 27|date=25 September 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131203255/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-music-to-release-on-august-26/|archive-date=31 January 2017|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref>

The soundtrack received positive reviews from music critics, who praised "[[Aaj Ki Raat]]", calling it "innovative" and the best song on the album. The recreation of songs from the original film, "Ye Mera Dil" and "Khaike Paan Banaraswala", received mixed reviews. Joginder Tuteja from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the album a 4 out of 5, noting its success at surprising its listener, and wrote, "Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy do exceedingly well with the soundtrack and establish their supremacy as the composer trio who can give their own even while rearranging the songs from the past."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/12654/index.html|title=Don Music Review|author=Tuteja, Joginder|date=29 September 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503154502/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/12654/index.html|archive-date=3 May 2008|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> ' Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' was less impressed with the album, calling it "Snazzy, good mix" and writing, "This lavish enterprise has a little bit of everything. An eclectic mix of old, new and everything in between; ''Don'' is an unusual presentation of old-wine-in-new-bottle."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/31don.htm|title=Don music: Snazzy, good mix|author=Verma, Sukanya|date=1 October 2006|work=Rediff.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901195610/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/31don.htm|archive-date=1 September 2006|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref>

The ''Don'' soundtrack album was the first Indian soundtrack to be released on [[iTunes]] on the same day of its launch or before the public release of physical copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/08/30/7717/index.html|title=iTunes promotes Don in their world section|date=1 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308040808/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/08/30/7717/index.html|archive-date=8 March 2007|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The music topped charts on a number of platforms in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/09/08/1537/index.html|title='DON' tops the charts, 'Jaan-E-Mann' and LRM enter too|author=Tuteja, Joginder|date=9 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126091228/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/09/08/1537/index.html|archive-date=26 November 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> It was one of the best-selling Bollywood soundtracks of the year, with 1.5 million units sold according to ''[[Box Office India]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce|archive-date=15 February 2008|publisher=Box Office India|date=22 January 2009|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> The song "Aaj Ki Raat" was used by [[A. R. Rahman]] in his [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Academy Award-winning]] soundtrack ''[[Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture|Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: 'Slumdog Millionaire' Soundtrack Revealed |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2431045/exclusive-slumdog-millionaire-soundtrack-revealed/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131210203/http://www.mtv.com/news/2431045/exclusive-slumdog-millionaire-soundtrack-revealed/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 January 2017|author=Carroll, Larry|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=20 November 2008|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref>

==Marketing==

Being a [[remake]] of an [[Don (1978 film)|iconic film]], and the star-cast involved, ''Don'' was one of the most anticipated films of the year. The [[Film poster|first look poster]] was released in late April 2006, which according to the media hinted at the kind of adaptation the film was going to be.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Look: SRK's Don|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/report/don/20060424.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202212641/http://in.rediff.com/movies/report/don/20060424.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|work=Rediff.com|date=24 April 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> This was followed by another poster in late July 2006, which also revealed the release date of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=SRK in and as Don|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/07/27/1388/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518185647/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/07/27/1388/index.html|archive-date=18 May 2008|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=27 July 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Following the poster reveals, the [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] was released in mid-September. ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' deemed it promising, writing that the "trendy accessories, sleek gadgets, lavish settings, expensive wardrobe and deadly action scenes build the framework of the new ''Don''."<ref>{{cite web|title=Don: Theatrical promo watch|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/09/11/1542/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018072136/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/09/11/1542/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 September 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> To promote the film, the filmmakers teamed up with [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]] to launch a [[mobile game]] based on the film. It was the first [[multiplayer online game]] launched for any Bollywood film. The filmmakers also launched popcorn holders of ''Don'' before the release film. An 80-page [[comic book]] was published and copies were given for free in multiplexes along with the tickets of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Comic Book on Don to be distributed in multiplexes|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/11/02/8130/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518190912/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/11/02/8130/index.html|archive-date=18 May 2008|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=2 November 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
In December 2005, [[UTV Motion Pictures]] acquired the overseas rights of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=UTV acquires overseas rights of 'Don'|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/utv-acquires-overseas-rights-of-don-news-bollywood-kkfvwLgfbbfsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202120156/http://www.sify.com/movies/utv-acquires-overseas-rights-of-don-news-bollywood-kkfvwLgfbbfsi.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|author=Jha, Subhash K|website=[[Sify]]|date=26 December 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Made on a production and marketing budget of {{INR}}400 million, ''Don'' was released worldwide on 20{{nbsp}}October 2006 in 800 screens during the [[Diwali]] festive season, clashing with another Bollywood film ''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]''.<ref name="boi">{{cite web|title=Don – The Chase Begins Again|url=https://sattadon.net?movieid=292|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223113653/http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=292|archive-date=23 December 2016|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="connection">{{cite web|title=The Don – Jaan-E-Mann Connection|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1719/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308023050/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1719/index.html|archive-date=8 March 2007|author=Navgire, Moses|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=18 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The film opened to excellent to very good response at the domestic box-office, with an occupancy of 90%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office Report-21st October 2006|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024031728/http://boxofficeindia.com/|archive-date=24 October 2006|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

This was Shah Rukh Khan's second film to release on 20 October, after ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge|DDLJ]]''.

===Home media===
The DVD of the film was released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Home Entertainment]] domestically and Internationally by UTV, the film was released on [[DVD]]s on 5{{nbsp}}December 2006 across all regions in a 2-disc Collector's Edition pack in [[NTSC]] format, with several bonus content such as making of the film, bloopers, trailers, deleted scenes, and clap track.<ref name="dvd">{{cite web|title=Don (2006)|url=https://www.amazon.com/Don-Shahrukh-Khan/dp/B000KCHW3G|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113154724/http://www.amazon.com/Don-Shahrukh-Khan/dp/B000KCHW3G|archive-date=13 November 2007|publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="arrive">{{cite web|title='Don' DVDs arrive in style|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-dvds-arrive-in-style/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031620/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-dvds-arrive-in-style/|archive-date=2 February 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=5 January 2007|url-status=live|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> It also included a "Don Comic Book."<ref name="dvd"/> A steel case limited edition DVD was released in January 2007 with the same bonus features.<ref name="arrive"/> The [[VCD]] version was released at the same time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don (VCD)|url=http://www.induna.com/1000022021-productdetails/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402232333/http://www.induna.com/1000022021-productdetails/|archive-date=2 April 2016|publisher=[[Induna.com|Induna]]|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> A single-disc DVD pack was also released later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don (2006)|url=https://www.amazon.com/Don-Hindi-Bollywood-Indian-Cinema/dp/B003AMUAE6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720033353/https://www.amazon.com/Don-Hindi-Bollywood-Indian-Cinema/dp/B003AMUAE6|archive-date=20 July 2020|publisher=Amazon|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> The [[Blu-ray]] version was released on 27 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don Blu-ray|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Don-Blu-ray/11012/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502153943/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Don-Blu-ray/11012|archive-date=2 May 2012|publisher=Blu-ray.com|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>
==Reception==
===Box office===
''Don'' grossed a first day opening of {{INR}}46{{nbsp}}million and {{INR}}141{{nbsp}}million on its opening weekend.<ref name="boi"/> It also received a good opening in overseas markets with an opening weekend of over $2.2{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="boi"/> On its opening weekend, the film grossed over {{INR}}302{{nbsp}}million worldwide.<ref name="boi"/> After its first week, the film took in more than {{INR}}244{{nbsp}}million in India.<ref name="boi"/> The film grossed $1.1{{nbsp}}million in its first week in UK, while the total overseas first week earnings were more than $4.1{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="boi"/><ref>{{cite web|title=DON: 6 Days, 1 Million Dollars!|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-6-days-1-million-dollars/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203164755/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/don-6-days-1-million-dollars/|archive-date=3 February 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 October 2006|url-status=live|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The film grossed {{INR}}529{{nbsp}}million worldwide at the end of first week.<ref name="boi"/> The film had a very good hold in its second week, and performed extremely well, even better than that week's new release and collections increased in several centers, with setting new second week highs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office Report-4th November 2006|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107162943/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/|archive-date=7 November 2006|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After its theatrical run, the film grossed over {{INR}}710{{nbsp}}million in India, becoming the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 2006, and was deemed a "hit".<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2006|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119085925/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|archive-date=19 January 2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref> It also grossed over $7.8{{nbsp}}million in the overseas territories and was declared a [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Lifetime Grossers OVERSEAS|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128055451/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archive-date=28 January 2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref> Worldwide, the film grossed over {{INRConvert|1.06|b}} and was a major commercial success.<ref name="boi"/>

===Critical response===
Upon release, ''Don'' was well received by critics. [[Mayank Shekhar]] from ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5 and wrote, "The former was a character-driven, intimate film, albeit a fairly slick thriller, mostly for its screenplay. The latter is a most updated Indian film of the action genre that always calculably concentrates on the new twists, and the turning points, both of which mostly seem cleverer than contrived; ably fitting pieces, the known characters, into a new domino."<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuts to the chase|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cuts-to-the-chase/articleshow/15646355.cms?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302143705/http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cuts-to-the-chase/articleshow/15646355.cms|archive-date=2 March 2017|author=Shekhar, Mayank|publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=21 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Raja Sen]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' felt the film was "conventional and predictable", and complained that the director did not develop his characters. However, Sen was impressed by Chopra's performance and wrote, "[She] handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of action{{snd}}and a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously."<ref>{{cite web|title=SRK pays just tribute to Big B's Don|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/20don.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622034105/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/20don.htm|archive-date=22 June 2011|author=Sen, Raja|work=Rediff.com|date=20 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Pratim D. Gupta]] of ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'' gave the film a positive review, noting that the director turned a formula "good defeats bad" film into a modern-day [[neo-noir]] film where "bad fights bad", and wrote, "The new Don is more of a remix than the remake with the scratchy edges smoothened out with grunge grooves and blistering beats. Farhan changes the backdrop and the background and yet manages to keep the original sequences and lines."<ref name="telegraph">{{cite web|title=Great divide as unquiet flows the Don|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1061023/asp/calcutta/story_6905748.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110085625/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061023/asp/calcutta/story_6905748.asp|archive-date=10 November 2006|author=Gupta, Pratim D.|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=23 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> Gupta also praised the acting, "eye-catching locations", cinematography, and production design, and thought that the "breathtaking chase and action sequences" broke new grounds on Indian screens.<ref name="telegraph"/> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'s'' [[Taran Adarsh]] rated the film a 3 out of 5, praising the performances of the lead actors and writing "Shah Rukh Khan does very well as Don. He enacts the evil character with a flourish. But he fails to carry off the other role [Vijay] with conviction. It looks made up, it doesn't come naturally to him at all. Priyanka Chopra carries off her part with 'lan. The stunt [when she rescues Khan] is bound to win her laurels."<ref>{{cite web|title=Don – The Chase Begins Again Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-the-chase-begins-again/critic-review/don-the-chase-begins-again-movie-review/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130191913/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-the-chase-begins-again/critic-review/|archive-date=30 November 2016|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 October 2006|url-status=live|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

''PlanetBollywood.com'' gave a rating of a 7 out of 10, particularly praising the [[twist ending]], and wrote, "The ''Don'' of the 21st century is stylish with flaws, yet, you do enjoy the experience of watching it in the cinema."<ref>{{cite web|title=Film Review – Don – The Chase Begins Again|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=102106012043|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108051052/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=102106012043|archive-date=8 November 2006|author=Bhasin, Shruti|publisher=Planet Bollywood|date=20 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> While labelling the film a "disappointment", film critic Sukanya Verma questioned Akhtar's decision behind remaking an important film.<ref name="sv">{{cite web|title=Don disappoints|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/20don1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022012257/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/20don1.htm|archive-date=22 October 2014|author=Verma, Sukanya|work=Rediff.com|date=20 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> She further criticised Akhtar for taking a fairly simple but engaging storyline, and turning it into a shockingly unimaginative adaptation.<ref name="sv"/> Verma also found Khan to be inconsistent in the dual roles.<ref name="sv"/> Giving a 1 out of 5, film critic [[Rajeev Masand]] panned the film, terming it an exercise in indulgence, and wrote, "Spiffily shot and stylishly packaged, the new ''Don'' may wear a new look, but what it's clearly lacking is the raw energy, the unpredictability of [[Chandra Barot]]'s original thriller."<ref>{{cite web|title=Masand's verdict: Don, such a con|url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-don-such-a-con/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108170043/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-don-such-a-con|archive-date=8 January 2016|author=Masand, Rajeev|publisher=RajeevMasand.com|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[1st Asian Film Awards]]
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{Sort|Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Film Awards Nominations|url=http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2007/eng/nominations.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327162838/http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2007/eng/nominations.htm|archive-date=27 March 2012|publisher=[[Asian Film Awards]]|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="9" | [[52nd Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''Don''
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" |<ref>{{cite episode|title=52nd Filmfare Awards|series=Filmfare Awards|network=[[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony]]|date=25 February 2007}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{Sort|Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
| {{sort|Seth|Aradhana Seth}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| Mohanan
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{sort|Narula|[[Aki Narula]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Acharya|[[Ganesh Acharya]]}} (for song "Main Hoon Don")
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
| {{sort|Samn|Angelo Samn}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Red Chillies VFX
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[8th IIFA Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{Sort|Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite episode|title=8th IIFA Awards|series=IIFA Awards|network=[[StarPlus]]|date=9 June 2007}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| [[Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival]]
|Best Asian Film
| ''Don''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival Awards 2007|url=http://www.nifff.ch/site/en/the-festival/archives&year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000252/http://www.nifff.ch/site/en/the-festival/archives%26year%3D2007|archive-date=2 February 2017|publisher=[[Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival]]|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|}

==Sequels==
{{main|Don 2}}

A sequel entitled ''Don 2'', also directed by Akhtar, was released on 23{{nbsp}}December 2011. Khan, Chopra, Irani, and Puri reprise their roles as Don, Roma, Vardhaan, and Malik, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don 2|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-2/cast/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201232019/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-2/cast/|archive-date=1 February 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=23 December 2011 |url-status=live|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

{{main|Don 3}}

Post the success after the 2011 Blockbuster Action film, [[Farhan Akhtar]] was said to do a sequel again with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]], who were in last 2 films. But Khan and Chopra walked out as they already reprised again. Instead, Akthar decided to different story. This time with the new cast like [[Ranveer Singh]] & [[Kiara Advani]] and the film has just announced in 2023 by [[Excel Entertainment]].

==See also==
*''[[Cypher (film)|Cypher]]''

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.donthefilm.com|Official website}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Facebook|DonTheMovieOfficial|''Don''}}
* {{Mojo movie}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|1168380-don}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|don-the-chase-begins-again|Don – The Chase Begins Again}}

{{Don film series|state=}}
{{Farhan Akhtar}}
{{Ritesh Sidhwani}}
{{Salim-Javed}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Reboot films]]
[[Category:Films set in Paris]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Kuala Lumpur]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]
[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2006 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2006 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Salim–Javed]]
[[Category:2006 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Girls with guns films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Farhan Akhtar]]
[[Category:Films about the Narcotics Control Bureau]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films about Interpol]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Paris]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kuala Lumpur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Singapore]]

Bharatpedia administrators

2026-03-17T06:45:07Z

Greyscaledesign: brief refine structure after review and corrected details after review

{{short description|User group on Bharatpedia}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{For|the project page about administrators on Bharatpedia|Bharatpedia:Administrators}}
{{Update|part=July 2012 running out of mods needs updated for 2024|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
[[File:Bharatpedia Administrator.svg|thumb|Icon that represents administrators on Bharatpedia]]
[[File:Wiki Indaba 2023 - EN Discussion with Bharatpedia Administrators.webm|thumb|Discussion with Bharatpedia Administrators in the Wiki Indaba 2023 conference in [[Agadir]], [[Morocco]]]]
On [[Bharatpedia]], trusted and experienced editors may be appointed as '''administrators''' (also referred to as '''admins''', '''sysops''' or '''janitors''') by the editing community,<ref name="works">{{cite book|title=How Bharatpedia Works|last1=Ayers|first1=Phoebe|last2=Matthews|first2=Charles|last3=Yates|first3=Ben|publisher=[[No Starch Press]]|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59327-176-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/howBharatpediawork00ayer_0}}</ref>{{rp|327}} following a successful request for adminship. There are currently {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} admins on the [[English Bharatpedia]]. Administrators have some technical privileges not enjoyed by other editors, such as the ability to protect and delete pages and to block users from editing pages.

On Bharatpedia, becoming an administrator is often referred to as "being given [or taking up] the mop",<ref name="WP">{{cite web |title=Bharatpedia:Administrators |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Administrators |access-date=29 July 2015 |website=Bharatpedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> a term which has also been used elsewhere.<ref name=Mop>{{cite conference | title=Taking Up the Mop: Identifying Future Bharatpedia Administrators |author1=Burke, Moira |author2=Kraut, Robert | conference=CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems |date=April 2008 | pages=3441–3446 | doi=10.1145/1358628.1358871| isbn=978-1-60558-012-8 |s2cid=5868576 }}</ref> In 2006, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that administrators on Bharatpedia, of whom there were then about 1,000, were "geographically diverse".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | title=Growing Bharatpedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=17 June 2006 | access-date=23 January 2014 | author=Hafner, Katie}}</ref> In July 2012, it was widely reported that Bharatpedia was "running out of administrators", because in 2005 and 2006, 40 to 50 people were often appointed administrators each month, but in the first half of 2012, only nine in total were appointed.<ref name=Atlantic /><ref>Further coverage:

* {{cite magazine |author=Steadman, Ian |date=19 July 2012 |title=Bharatpedia might be running out of administrators, figures show |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-07/19/Bharatpedia-needs-editors |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110912/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-07/19/Bharatpedia-needs-editors |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=24 January 2014}}
* {{cite web |author=Lo Wang, Hansi |date=19 July 2012 |title=As Bharatpedia Gets Pickier, Editors Become Harder To Find |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2012/07/19/157056694/as-Bharatpedia-gets-pickier-editors-become-harder-to-find |access-date=29 November 2014 |work=[[NPR]]}}</ref>

However, [[Jimmy Wales]], Bharatpedia's co-founder, denied that this was a crisis or that Bharatpedia was running out of admins, saying, "The number of admins has been stable for about two years, there's really nothing going on."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18886752 | title=Jimmy Wales denies Bharatpedia admin recruitment crisis | work=[[BBC News]] | date=18 July 2012 | access-date=24 January 2014 | author=Lee, Dave}}</ref> Wales had previously (in a message sent to the English Bharatpedia mailing list on 11 February 2003) stated that being an admin is "not a big deal", and that "It's merely a technical matter that the powers given to [[sysops]] are not given out to everyone."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-February/001149.html | title=Sysop Status | work=EN-I Wikimedia Mailing List | date=11 February 2003 | access-date=24 January 2014 | author=Wales, Jimmy}}</ref>

In his 2008 book ''[[Bharatpedia – The Missing Manual|Bharatpedia: The Missing Manual]]'', John Broughton states that while many people think of administrators on Bharatpedia as judges, that is not the purpose of the role.<ref name=Broughton2008 /> Instead, he says, admins usually "[[Deletion of articles on Bharatpedia|delete pages]]" and "protect pages involved in edit wars".<ref name=Broughton2008>{{cite book | title=Bharatpedia – The Missing Manual | publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]] | author=Broughton, John | year=2008 | page=199}}</ref> Bharatpedia administrators are not employees or agents of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kosseff|first=Jeff|title=The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|date=15 April 2019|isbn=9781501735790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faZzDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22wikimedia%22&pg=PT193}}</ref>

== Requests for adminship ==
While the first Bharatpedia administrators were appointed by Jimmy Wales in October 2001,<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Schiff, Stacy |author-link=Stacy Schiff |date=31 July 2006 |title=Know It All |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fa_fact |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> administrator privileges on Bharatpedia are now granted through a process known as requests for adminship (RfA).<ref name="works" /> Registered editors may nominate themselves, or may request another editor to do so. [[Andrew Lih]], a scientist and professor who is himself an administrator on the [[English Bharatpedia]], has said the process is "akin to putting someone through the Supreme Court". Lih also said, "It's pretty much a [[Hazing|hazing ritual]] at this point", in contrast to how the process worked early in Bharatpedia's history, when all one had to do to become an admin was "prove you weren't a bozo".<ref name=Atlantic />

Candidacy for the role is normally considered only after "extensive work on the wiki".<ref name="works" /> Unlike most of Bharatpedia, which uses consensus-based decision making, RfA is basically a vote, although some votes may be discounted if the result is close or contested. The vote is described as a "consensus building process", but in practical reality those above 75% support will pass, those below 65% will fail, and those in between are in the "discretionary zone" and subject to further discussion by Bharatpedia's ''bureaucrats'', another group of advanced permission holders whose role it is to determine and enact a consensus in certain situations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharatpedia:Bureaucrats|url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Bureaucrats|website=Bharatpedia|publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2025}} This may have been implemented as a result of RfAs attracting increasing levels of attention: Stvilia et al. quoted that "Prior to mid-2005, RfAs typically did not attract much attention. Since then, it has become quite common for RfAs to attract huge numbers of RfA groupies who all support one another".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stvilia |first1=Besiki |last2=Twidale |first2=Michael B. |last3=Smith |first3=Linda C. |last4=Gasser |first4=Les |title=Information quality work organization in Bharatpedia |doi=10.1002/asi.20813 |journal=[[Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology]] |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=983 |year=2008 |citeseerx=10.1.1.163.5109 |s2cid=10156153 }}</ref> The record number of votes in one RfA, as of May 2022, was 468: The RfA of the editor Tamzin was supported by 340 users and opposed by 116, amidst controversy over that candidate's criticism of [[Trumpism|supporters of Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |date=16 June 2022 |title=Inside Bharatpedia's Historic, Fiercely Contested "Election" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/Bharatpedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref>

Bureaucrats have the technical ability to grant or remove an editor's access to the administrative toolset. Bureaucrats are also "approved through community consensus".<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDowell |first1=Zachary |last2=Vetter |first2=Matthew |title=Bharatpedia and the Representation of Reality |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-367-55571-9 |page=13}}</ref>

== Role ==
Once granted administrator privileges, a user has access to additional functions in order to perform certain duties.<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-Bharatpedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829/ | title=3 Charts That Show How Bharatpedia Is Running Out of Admins | work=[[The Atlantic]] | date=16 July 2012 | access-date=23 January 2014 | author=Meyer, Robinson}}</ref> These include "messy cleanup work",<ref name="works" /> granting additional userrights to other editors,<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDowell |first1=Zachary |last2=Vetter |first2=Matthew |title=Bharatpedia and the Representation of Reality |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-367-55571-9 |page=13}}</ref> deletion of articles deemed unsuitable, protecting pages (restricting editing privileges to that page),<ref name="wikicollab">{{cite book|title=Wiki: Web Collaboration|last1=Ebersbach|first1=Anja|last2=Adelung|first2=Andrea|last3=Dueck|first3=Gunter|last4=Glaser|first4=Markus|last5=Heigl|first5=Richard|last6=Warta|first6=Alexander|publisher=Springer|year=2008|isbn=978-3-540-68173-1}}</ref>{{rp|66}} and [[Block (Internet)|blocking]] the accounts of disruptive users.<ref name="works" /><ref name=Atlantic /> Blocking a user must be done according to [[Bharatpedia#Policies and content|Bharatpedia's policies]] and a reason must be stated for the block, which will be permanently [[Logfile|logged]] by the software.<ref name="works" />{{rp|401}}<ref name="wikicollab" />{{rp|120}} Use of this privilege to "gain editing advantages" is considered inappropriate.<ref name="works" />

== Scientific studies ==
A 2013 scientific paper by researchers from [[Virginia Tech]] and [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] found that after editors are promoted to administrator status, they often focus more on articles about controversial topics than they did before. The researchers also proposed an alternative method for choosing administrators, in which more weight is given to the votes of experienced editors.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sanmay/papers/wiki-cikm.pdf | author=Das, Sanmay | title=Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management – CIKM '13 | chapter=Manipulation among the arbiters of collective intelligence | year=2013 | pages=1097–1106 | doi=10.1145/2505515.2505566 | isbn=978-1-4503-2263-8 | s2cid=52865675 | access-date=24 January 2014 | archive-date=19 February 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219132454/https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sanmay/papers/wiki-cikm.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> This corresponds to a modality of [[plural voting]]. Another paper, presented at the 2008 [[Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems]], analyzed data from all 1,551 requests for adminship from January 2006 to October 2007, with the goal of determining which (if any) of the criteria recommended in Bharatpedia's ''Guide to requests for adminship''<ref>See {{srlink|Bharatpedia:Guide to requests for adminship}}.</ref> were the best predictors of whether the user in question would actually become an admin.<ref name=Mop /> In December 2013, a similar study was published by researchers from the Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology in [[Warsaw]], which aimed to model the results of requests for adminship on the [[Polish Bharatpedia]] using a model derived from Bharatpedia's edit history. They found that they could "classify the votes in the RfA procedures using this model with an accuracy level that should be sufficient to recommend candidates."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jankowski-Lorek |first1=Michal |last2=Ostrowski |first2=Lukasz |last3=Turek |first3=Piotr |last4=Wierzbicki |first4=Adam |title=Modeling Bharatpedia admin elections using multidimensional behavioral social networks |doi=10.1007/s13278-012-0092-6 |journal=Social Network Analysis and Mining |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=787 |year=2013 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bharatpedia administrators}}
* {{srlink|Bharatpedia:Administrators}}, on Bharatpedia itself

{{Bharatpedia}}

[[Category:System administration]]
[[Category:Bharatpedia|Administrators]]

Pijush Hazarika

2026-03-16T06:28:48Z

Greyscaledesign:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pijush Hazarika
| birth_name =
| caption = Official portrait
| image = Pijush Hazarika portrait.jpg
| imagesize = 200
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|06|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/pijush-hazarika.html|title=Who's who Pijush Hazarika}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Raha, Assam|Raha]], [[Nagaon]]
| residence = [[Raha, Assam|Raha]], [[Nagaon]], [[Assam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/assam2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=742|title=PIJUSH HAZARIKA (Winner) JAGIROAD (SC) (MARIGAON)}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Assam]]
| term_start = 24 May 2016
| term_end =
| office1 = [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Member of Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Jagiroad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagiroad]]
| term_start1 = May 2016
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2015–present)
| religion =
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (2011–2015)
| website =
| profession = Politician , [[pisciculturist]]
| relations =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = https://myneta.info/Assam2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=566
| state = [[Assam]]
| spouse = {{Marriage| [[Aimee Baruah]]|1 October 2011}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2021/04/01/guwahati-press-club-condemns-bjp-leader-pijush-hazarika-for-intimidating-journalist/|title=Guwahati Press Club condemns BJP leader Pijush Hazarika for intimidating journalist}}</ref>
| children = 2
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]
}}
'''Pijush Hazarika''' is an Indian politician from Assam belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2021-03-30 |title=Pijush Hazarika from Jagiroad: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/candidates/phase2/pijush-hazarika-from-jagiroad-early-life-controversy-political-career-531202 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref> He has been a member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam legislative assembly]] since 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=L. I. |date=2021-11-30 |title=PIJUSH HAZARIKA |url=https://www.lawinsider.in/uncategorized/pijush-hazarika |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Law Insider India |language=en-US}}</ref> He was elected in [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] election in 2011 from Raha constituency and in 2016 and 2021 from [[Jagiroad Assembly constituency|Jagiroad constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pijush Hazarika {{!}} Assam Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/assam/pijush-hazarika-jagiroad-candidate-s03a079c001/ |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagiroad Election Result 2021 LIVE: Jagiroad MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/jagiroad-assembly-elections-as-79/ |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Pijush Hazarika was born at Ahutguri, Morigaon located in the Nagaon district of Assam to Shisuram Hazarika and Pramila Hazarika. Hazarika did Bachelor of Arts from [[Arya Vidyapeeth College]] in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/know-your-new-minister-pijush-hazarika.html|title=Know Your New Minister Pijush Hazarika|date=26 April 2018|website=nenow.in}}</ref>

On 1 October 2011, Hazarika married actress [[Aimee Baruah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/pijush-hazarika.html|access-date=6 June 2020|website=assamassembly.gov.in}}</ref> He is the father of two children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aimee Baruah shares adorable picture with son, daughter |url=https://janambhumi.in/VGxSRk5VOUVSVDA9/Aimee-Baruah-shares-adorable-picture-with-son,-daughter.html |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=janambhumi.in |language=en |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712114054/https://janambhumi.in/VGxSRk5VOUVSVDA9/Aimee-Baruah-shares-adorable-picture-with-son,-daughter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Controversy==

* An audio clip of Minister Pijush Hazarika has gone viral where he was heard threatening a journalist of the news channel [[Pratidin Time]] for airing a news report related to his wife [[Aimee Baruah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gauhati Press Club slams Assam minister Pijush Hazarika for "threatening" TV journalist|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/gauhati-press-club-slams-assam-minister-pijush-hazarika-for-threatening-tv-journalist.html|access-date=1 April 2021|website=NORTHEAST NOW|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Abhilash|title=Guwahati Press Club condemns BJP leader Pijush Hazarika for intimidating journalist|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2021/04/01/guwahati-press-club-condemns-bjp-leader-pijush-hazarika-for-intimidating-journalist/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=EastMojo|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Pijush Hazarika, the minister for water resources and public affairs, responded to claims that [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]'s family was involved in corrupt activities during the COVID era.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-04 |title=Controversy of 'COVID corruption' involving CM's family is completely baseless: Pijush Hazarika |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/top-stories/story/hazarika-controversy-covid-corruption-388312-2022-06-04 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=India Today NE |language=en}}</ref>
* Pijush Hazarika, a cabinet minister for [[Assam]], strenuously objected to the construction of the Miya Museum in the [[Goalpara district]], saying that doing so amounted to plundering [[Culture of Assam|Assamese culture]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-25 |title=Stealing Assamese culture and keeping in Miya museum cannot be accepted: Minister Pijush Hazarika |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/stealing-assamese-culture-and-keeping-miya-museum-cannot-be-accepted-minister-pijush-hazarika-462873-2022-10-25 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=India Today NE |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://twitter.com/Pijush_Hazarika Official Twitter Account]
* [https://m.facebook.com/Pijush-Hazarika-1534904613394279 Official Facebook Page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hazarika, Pijush}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:People from Morigaon district]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Jagiroad]]

Kritika Kamra

2026-03-15T20:23:13Z

Greyscaledesign: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kritika Kamra
| image = Kritika Kamra snapped in town (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kamra in 2025
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|10|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| years_active = 2007–present
| occupation = Actress
| spouse(s) = {{marriage|[[Gaurav Kapur]]|2026}}
}}

'''Kritika Kamra''' (born 25 October 1988)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-actors-and-their-birthday-bash-pictures/photostory/49550100.cms |title=TV actors and their birthday bash pictures |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kritika-kamras-game-of-thrones-themed-birthday-bash-270032-2015-10-27 |title=Kritika Kamra chooses Game Of Thrones cosplay for her birthday bash|date=27 October 2015 }}</ref> is an Indian actress. She began her career in television, with the soap operas ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]'' (2009–2011), ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]'' (2011–2013), and ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)|Reporters]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-13 |title=Kritika Kamra: I'm not a damsel in distress, but a strong, opinionated woman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kritika-kamra-im-not-a-damsel-in-distress-but-a-strong-opinionated-woman/articleshow/46876562.cms |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Kamra has also featured in [[Anubhav Sinha]]'s film ''[[Bheed]]'' (2023), and the [[Amazon Prime Video]] series ''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]]'' (2021) and ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]'' (2023).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/bambai-meri-jaan-kay-kay-menon-avinash-tiwary-kritika-kamra-to-star-in-crime-thriller-2652387.html|title=Bambai Meri Jaan: Kay Kay Menon, Avinash Tiwary, Kritika Kamra To Star In Crime-Thriller|work=Zee News|date=22 August 2023}}</ref>

==Early life==
Kritika Kamra was born in [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], into a [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] family<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kharbanda |first=Navya |date=13 November 2023 |title=Kritika Kamra: For me, Diwali means the family getting together |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/kritika-kamra-for-me-diwali-means-the-family-getting-together-101699869250806.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210110329/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/kritika-kamra-for-me-diwali-means-the-family-getting-together-101699869250806.html |archive-date=10 December 2024 |quote=Sharing a personal touch of her typical Punjabi family, Kamra reveals, “We are a true blue foodie Punjabi family, so food is the main focus, not just on Diwali, in general also,” she says.}}</ref> of [[Doctor (title)|doctors]] and educators, with her father being a doctor and her mother a school principal in [[Sukhpur]], near [[Ashoknagar district|Ashoknagar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Teacher's Day special: I'd make sure I never cross paths with my mum at school, says Kritika Kamra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/teacher-s-day-special-i-d-make-sure-i-never-cross-paths-with-my-mum-at-school-says-kritika-kamra/story-KDALow8I8OFk9smmTNTSPM.html |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 September 2020}}</ref> She attended various schools due to her family's relocations and completed her schooling at [[Delhi Public School, Vasant Kunj|Delhi Public School]], [[Vasant Kunj]], in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/kritika-kamra/articleshow/20630608.cms |title=Born in Uttar Pradesh, Kritika completed her High school and higher secondary schooling from Delhi Public School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi.}}</ref> Kamra later enrolled at the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology|National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)]] in New Delhi to study Fashion Communication. During her time at NIFT, she was discovered by a casting director outside her college. This led to her first television role, which eventually brought her to [[Mumbai]], where she began her acting career.<ref name="Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar">{{cite news |title=You can call it my first major show |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/you-can-call-it-my-first-major-show/story-8xl52KCTTgogiZ99VcQA2K.html |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 February 2009 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
===Debut and work in television (2007–2017)===
Kamra made her acting debut in 2007, with ''[[Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar]]''.<ref name="Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar" /> In 2009, she played a singer, Arohi in ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]'' opposite [[Karan Kundra]]. The show was well received and earned her praises.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandini, Kitani Mohabbat Hai launched |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/bandini-kitani-mohabbat-hai-launched/story-4nzYRGokue51nvO2B1eobN.html |website=Hindustan Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2009 to 2010, she played Kajol / Prateeksha in ''[[Pyaar Ka Bandhan]]''.<ref name="Pyaar Ka Bandhan" />

From 2010 to 2011, she reprised Arohi in ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai season 2|Kitani Mohabbat Hai 2]]'' opposite Karan Kundra.<ref>[http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2010/09/kitani-mohabbat-hai-season-sequel-kritika-kamra.html/ ‘Kitani Mohabbat Hai 2 is not a sequel’ — Kritika Kamra] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914051739/http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2010/09/kitani-mohabbat-hai-season-sequel-kritika-kamra.html/ |date=14 September 2010 }}</ref> From 2011 to 2013, Kamra received praises for playing Dr. Nidhi Verma Mathur in ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]'', opposite [[Mohnish Bahl]] and [[Sharad Kelkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2011 |title=Kuch Toh Log Kahenge |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/kuch-toh-log-kahenge/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, Kamra played a reporter, Ananya Kashyap opposite [[Rajeev Khandelwal]], in ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)|Reporters]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-reporters-review-the-desi-newsroom-2078851 |title='Reporters' Review: The desi newsroom |date=20 April 2015}}</ref> In 2017, she played a princess Chandrakanta in ''[[Prem Ya Paheli – Chandrakanta]]'', opposite [[Gaurav Khanna]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/kritika-kamra-looks-stunning-in-this-promo-of-chandrakanta-ekta-kapoor-lifetv-959790-2017-02-09 |title=Kritika Kamra looks stunning in this promo of Chandrakanta |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=9 February 2017}}</ref> ''Chandrakanta'' marks her final appearance in a fiction television show till date.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/chandrakanta-actors-shoot-at-golconda-fort/articleshow/57203925.cms |title='Chandrakanta' actors shoot at Golconda Fort |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

===Career expansion (2018–present)===
[[File:Kritika Kamra attends Amazon Prime Video’s announcement of their forthcoming slate (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kamra in 2022]]

Kamra made her film debut in 2018, with ''[[Mitron]]'', playing Avni opposite [[Jackky Bhagnani]]. It became a commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mitron Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mitron/box-office/ |access-date=16 September 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 September 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916130314/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mitron/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, she played a college student Sana in the web series ''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Shivam Parashar |date=18 January 2021 |title=The real stories Saif Ali Khan's Tandav reminds us of |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/the-real-stories-saif-ali-khan-s-tandav-reminds-us-of-1760162-2021-01-18 |access-date=24 January 2021 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Nairita Mukherjee of ''[[India Today]]'' stated, "Kritika's character populate the screen but fail to claw its way into the audience's mind."<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Nairita Mukherjee |date=15 January 2021 |title=Tandav Review: Saif Ali Khan and Dimple Kapadia show falls like a house of cards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/tandav-review-saif-ali-khan-and-dimple-kapadia-show-falls-like-a-house-of-cards-1759127-2021-01-15 |access-date=24 January 2021 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, Kamra first played a princess Kamini in ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati trailer: This dysfunctional royal family is a hoot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaun-banegi-shikharwati-trailer-zee5-7687258/ |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] noted, "Essaying the liveliest of the four roles, Kritika Kamra makes the strongest impression."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati Review: A Patchy Dramedy, Starring Naseeruddin Shah, Lara Dutta And Soha Ali Khan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kaun-banegi-shikharwati-review-a-patchy-dramedy-series-starring-naseeruddin-shah-lara-dutta-and-soha-ali-khan-2-5-stars-2694055 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=NDTV.com |first=Saibal |last=Chatterjee |date=7 January 2022}}</ref> Next, she played Dolly, a woman in a troubled marriage in ''[[Hush Hush (TV series)|Hush Hush]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/juhi-chawla-ayesha-jhulka-s-amazon-prime-show-hush-hush-s-first-look-revealed-101662536524781.html |title=Juhi Chawla, Ayesha Jhulka's Amazon Prime show Hush Hush's first look, release date revealed |date=7 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> ''[[ThePrint]]''{{'}}s Tina Das was appreciative of her portrayal of a high society woman.<ref name=print>{{Cite web |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/juhi-chawla-to-soha-ali-khan-hush-hush-has-a-stellar-cast-but-a-sketchy-murder-plot/1138741/ |title=Juhi Chawla to Soha Ali Khan, 'Hush Hush' has a stellar cast. But a sketchy murder plot |first=Tina |last=Das |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=22 September 2022}}</ref>

Kamra played a reporter Vidhi, in the 2023 film ''[[Bheed]]''. Yatamanyu Narain of ''[[News18]]'' found her to be "convincing".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bheed-review-anubhav-sinhas-movie-will-make-you-uncomfortable-but-for-all-the-right-reasons-7378417.html |title=Bheed Review: Anubhav Sinha's Movie Will Make You Uncomfortable But For All The Right Reasons |website=news18.com |date=24 March 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> In the same year, she played Habiba (based on [[Haseena Parkar]]), in ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bambai-meri-jaan-mumbai-has-a-new-king-in-kay-kay-menons-new-crime-drama-farhan-akhtar-shares-glimpse-8912728/ |title=Bambai Meri Jaan: Mumbai has a new king in Kay Kay Menon's new crime drama, Farhan Akhtar shares glimpse |date=28 August 2023 |accessdate=28 August 2023}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "Cast against type, Kritika rises to the occasion as the girl who can shoot and slay with equal felicity."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Kritika Kamra: The comeback you never saw coming, She is Transforming |url=https://alexalink.com/kritika-kamra-the-comeback-you-never-saw-coming/ |access-date=2025-12-24 |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bambai-meri-jaan-series-review-an-uneasy-take-on-mumbai-mafia-that-blurs-the-line-between-the-good-and-the-evil/article67311105.ece |title='Bambai Meri Jaan' series review: An uneasy take on Mumbai mafia that blurs the line between the good and the evil |newspaper=The Hindu |date=15 September 2023 |last1=Kumar |first1=Anuj}}</ref>

Her most recent release, ''[[Gyaarah Gyaarah]]'', released in 2024. She is currently filming ''Matka King'', directed by [[Nagraj Manjule]], where she stars opposite [[Vijay Varma]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-kritika-kamra-confirms-playing-lead-in-vijay-varmas-matka-king-more-details-inside-101718884680417.html|title=EXCLUSIVE: Kritika Kamra confirms playing lead in Vijay Varma's Matka King; more details inside|work=Hindustan Times|date=23 June 2024}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kamra is married to [[Gaurav Kapur]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=12 December 2025|title=Kritika Kamra And Gaurav Kapur Make First Public Appearance After Confirming Romance |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kritika-kamra-and-gaurav-kapur-make-first-public-appearance-after-confirming-romance-9797358|website=ndtv.com |location=India |publisher=NDTV |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|''Best Girlfriend''
|Sonali
| rowspan="3" |Short film
|<ref>{{cite news |title=The Internet success of Kritika-Vikrant's Best Girlfriend to set a series rolling |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/The-Internet-success-of-Kritika-Vikrants-Best-Girlfriend-to-set-a-series-rolling/articleshow/46272736.cms |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''Dry Dreams''
| Herself
|<ref>{{cite news |date=16 June 2015 |title=Watch: Kritika Kamra kills Barun Sobti for water |language=en |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kritika-kamra-kills-barun-sobti-for-water-in-short-film-day-dreams-257825-2015-06-16 |access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[White Shirt]]''
|Vani
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2016 |title=Kunal Kapoor and Kritika Kamra to feature in Short film 'White Shirt' |work=Mid Day |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kunal-kapoor-and-kritika-kamra-to-feature-in-short-film-white-shirt/17366176 |access-date=14 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Mitron]]'' || Avni Gandhi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2018 |title=Kritika Kamra on Mitron: Couldn't have hoped for a better Bollywood debut |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kritika-kamra-on-bollywood-debut-mitron-5352264/ |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Bheed]]'' || Vidhi Prabhakar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Bhumi Pednekar Starrer Bheed Gets New Release Date |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-bhumi-pednekar-starrer-bheed-gets-new-release-date-2568596.html |access-date=2 February 2022 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[The Great Shamsuddin Family]]''
| Bani Ahmed
|[[JioHotstar]] film
|<ref>{{cite web|website=Mid Day|access-date=7 December 2025|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kritika-kamra-the-great-shamsuddin-family-okay-to-be-stereotyped-with-women-led-projects-23606594#google_vignette|title=Kritika Kamra: 'Okay to be stereotyped with women-led projects' |date=
December 7, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar''
| Arshiya
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=I hardly get time for myself: Kritika Kamra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-hardly-get-time-for-myself-Kritika-Kamra/articleshow/11301633.cms |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=30 December 2011 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]''
| Arohi Sharma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=It's showtime, folks! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Its-showtime-folks/articleshow/3967932.cms |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 January 2009 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''[[Pyaar Ka Bandhan]]''
| Kajol Das / Prateeksha
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Pyaar Ka Bandhan">{{cite web |url=http://balajitelefilms.com/serial.php?id=23 |title=Balaji Telefilms Limited : Television, Motion Pictures}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha|Zara Nachke Dikha 2]]''
| Contestant
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/im-on-a-break-from-fiction-kritika-kamra-141603.html |title=I'm On A Break From Fiction: Kritika |work=The Times of India |date=15 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ganga Kii Dheej]]''
| Geeta
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title="Faced Prejudice And Still Do": Tandav Actress Kritika Kamra On Her Transition From TV To Bollywood |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/faced-prejudice-and-still-do-tandav-actress-kritika-kamra-on-her-transition-from-tv-to-bollywood-2353077 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai season 2|Kitani Mohabbat Hai 2]]''
| Arohi Ahluwalia
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/imagine-to-bring-season-2-of-kitani-mohabbat-hai/675835/ |title=Imagine to bring season 2 of Kitani Mohabbat Hai}}</ref>
|-
| 2011–2013
| ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]''
| Dr. Nidhi Verma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-tv-interview-with-kritika-kamra/20111003.htm |title=Meet Kuch Toh Log Kahenge's Dr Nidhi Varma |date=5 October 2011 |work=Rediff}}</ref>
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[V The Serial]]''
| Herself
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desai |first1=Purva |title=Chose to stay away from The Serial: Kritika Kamra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chose-to-stay-away-from-The-Serial-Kritika-Kamra/articleshow/17292105.cms |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 November 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Ek Thhi Naayka]]''
| Veera
| Episodic role
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title='Ek Thi Daayan' scared 'nayika' Kritika Kamra |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/-ek-thi-daayan-scared-nayika-kritika-kamra_132730.html |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=Zee News |date=22 April 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7]]''
| Contestant
| 14th place
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 to be tougher this season |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-to-be-tougher-this-season-1991415 |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=DNA India |date=26 May 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[MTV India#Programming|MTV Webbed 2]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adivarekar |first1=Priya |last2=Kanabar |first2=Ankita R |title=Kritika Kamra will anchor MTV Webbed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kritika-kamra-will-anchor-mtv-webbed/ |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 April 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)|Reporters]]''
| Ananya Kashyap
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olivera |first1=Roshni |title=Kritika Kamra: I'm not a damsel in distress, but a strong, opinionated woman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kritika-Kamra-Im-not-a-damsel-in-distress-but-a-strong-opinionated-woman/articleshow/46876562.cms |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Prem Ya Paheli – Chandrakanta]]''
| Princess Chandrakanta / Maharani Chandrika
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kritika-kamra-my-role-in-chandrakanta-is-neither-spineless-nor-a-bechari-4541685/ |title=Kritika Kamra: My role in Chandrakanta is neither spineless nor 'a bechari' |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
| Herself
| Guest
| style="text-align:center;"|
|}

=== Streaming series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''Friend Zoned''|| Company Boss ||
|<ref>{{cite news |date=12 February 2016 |title=A twisted tale |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-twisted-tale/article8229037.ece |access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[I Don't Watch TV]]'' || Herself ||
|<ref>{{cite news |date=15 February 2016 |title=Trailer of 'I Don't Watch TV' web series launched – Watch it here |work=Zee News |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/trailer-of-i-don-t-watch-tv-web-series-launched-watch-it-here_1855818.html}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2021 || ''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]]'' || Sana Mir ||
|<ref>{{cite news |date=28 December 2020 |title='Tandav': Saif Ali Khan, Dimple Kapadia, Sunil Grover, Mohd Zeeshan Ayyub, Kritika Kamra's character posters out |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-tandav-saif-ali-khan-dimple-kapadia-sunil-grover-mohd-zeeshan-ayyub-kritika-kamra-character-posters-out-2864612 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]''||Kaamini Shikharwat||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2022 |title=What Made Kritika Kamra Say Yes To 'Kaun Banega Shikharwati' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-made-kritika-kamra-say-yes-to-kaun-banega-shikharwati/409158 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hush Hush (TV series)|Hush Hush]]''||Dolly Dalal||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title=Hush Hush: Suffocated Dolly Dalal aka Kritika Kamra fears grave consequences of her actions' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/hush-hush-suffocated-dolly-dalal-aka-kritika-kamra-fears-grave-consequences-of-her-actions-watch-2511305.html |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=ZEENews India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|| ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''|| Habiba Kadri ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2023 |title=Bambai Meri Jaan trailer: Kay Kay Menon, Avinash Tiwary series drops us into Mumbai underworld of the 70s |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bambai-meri-jaan-trailer-kay-kay-menon-avinash-tiwary-series-drops-us-into-mumbai-underworld-of-the-70s-8923730/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| ''[[Gyaarah Gyaarah]]''||Vamika Rawat
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kritika Kamra shares EXCLUSIVE updates on Gyaarah Gyaarah and For Your Eyes Only; calls upcoming Netflix show "immersive" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kritika-kamra-shares-exclusive-updates-gyaarah-gyaarah-eyes-calls-upcoming-netflix-show-immersive/ |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=22 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| ''[[Saare Jahan Se Accha (2025 TV series)|Saare Jahan Se Accha]]''|| Fatima Khan ||
|<ref>{{cite web|website=Times of India|access-date=16 August 2025|url=
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/saare-jahan-se-accha-the-silent-guardians/seriesreview/123252989.cms|title= Saare Jahan Se Accha: The Silent Guardians |date=
August 16, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|Matka King}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|Filming
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kritika Kamra to play leading lady in the upcoming series Matka King starring Vijay Varma |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kritika-kamra-play-leading-lady-upcoming-series-matka-king-starring-vijay-varma/ |access-date=24 June 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-

|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Singer
! Ref.
|-
| 2017 || "Mera Jahan" || [[Gajendra Verma]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/watch-chandrakanta-actress-kritika-kamra-stars-in-a-music-video/articleshow/59807558.cms |title=Watch: Chandrakanta actress Kritika Kamra stars in a music video |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2019 || "Hai Pyaar Kya" || [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
[[File:Kritika Kamra at the pink carpet of Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest 2023 award ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright|Kamra at the [[Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest]], in 2023]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|2009
|New Talent Awards
|Best Couple Award
|''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| 2009
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face - Female|Fresh New Face - Female]]
| ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm |title=2009 nominations |access-date=17 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm |archive-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role - Jury]]
| ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/personality_awards.php |title=Telly awards 2012 Jury Awards winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |archive-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227212416/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/personality_awards.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]
| ''[[Prem Ya Paheli – Chandrakanta]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ita2017.com |title=ITA Nominations |work=Indian Telly Awards |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=8 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108040250/http://www.ita2017.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| [[Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest]]
| Most Dazzling Performer - OTT
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=From Fatima Sana Shaikh to Mouni Roy, stars descend at OTT India Fest |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/from-fatima-sana-shaikh-to-mouni-roy-stars-descend-at-ott-india-fest/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| [[Iconic Gold Awards]]
| Best Supporting Actress - Web Series
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=From Kartik Aaryan to Manoj Bajpayee: The winners of Iconic Gold Awards 2024 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/iconic-gold-awards-2024-kartik-aaryan-bags-best-actor-satyaprem-ki-katha-wins-best-film-check-full-winners-list-article-107335570/amp |work=Times Now News |language=en |access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
{{Main|List of Hindi television actresses}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|4425111|Kritika Kamra}}
*{{Twitter}}

{{Jhalak}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamra, Kritika}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Punjabi women]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]

Chuka man-eater

2026-03-15T20:18:52Z

Greyscaledesign: new entry!

{{Short description|Bengal Man-eating tiger}}
{{one source|date=May 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox animal
|name = Chuka man-eater
|birth_date = unknown
|death_date = 1937, April
|death_place = near village Thak
|species = Bengal tiger
|gender = Male
}}

The '''Chuka man-eating tiger''' was a male [[Bengal tiger]] responsible for the death of three boys from [[Thak]] village in the [[Ladhya Valley]] in India in 1937. It was shot by [[Jim Corbett]] in April 1937 who noted that the animal had a broken [[canine tooth]] and several gunshot wounds in various parts of his body.<ref name="bare_url_a">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n119/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref>

==First attacks==
Before becoming a man-eater, the tiger used to frequent the firetrack{{Clarify|reason=|date=July 2018}} running between the villages [[Chuka (village)|Chuka]] and [[Kot Kindri]], frequently attacking travellers passing along the path. In the book ''Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon'', Corbett describes two such incidents which occurred in the winter of 1936–37. In the first incident, a villager was driving two bullocks along the path to Chuka when a tiger suddenly appeared in his path. The villager interposed between the tiger and his [[wikt:bullock|bullocks]] attempting to drive the tiger away. Taking advantage of the diversion created in their favour, the bullocks bolted away to the village. The tiger, however, attacked the man as he attempted to flee. As it sprang on him it gripped the plough and the provisions the man had been carrying across his shoulders. Relieved of his belongings the man sprinted towards the village. One of the tiger's claws had inflicted a deep wound on his right arm. Some weeks later two men from Tanakpur were using the same path while going to Kot Kindri. The tiger again appeared. However, the men continued to walk, shouting as they went. The tiger sprang on the first man who was carrying a bag of gur (unrefined [[sugar]]). The bag of gur caught in the tiger's mouth as it went down the hillside, leaving the man unharmed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n93/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref>

==Start of man-eating==
On a day in early January 1937, seven men and two boys were herding cattle on the outskirts of Thak village. At 10 am the cattle began to stray towards the jungle and one of the boys was sent to herd the cattle back. The tiger was hiding in the jungle and killed a calf belonging to the herd. As he was about to carry it off the boy approached close to him and was promptly killed and half-eaten. Until midday, the tiger remained close to his kills when a [[kakar]] (muntjac) spotted him and raised an alarm. The men who were sleeping then were awakened by the alarm. Upon realizing that the cattle had strayed into the jungle, the second boy was sent to herd them back. The tiger promptly killed the second boy, which startled the cattle into chasing away the tiger and [[Stampede|stampeding]] in the direction of the village. The tiger chased the stampeding cattle and killed one of them in full view of the men. The shouting of the men and the stampeding cattle attracted the attention of the villagers who came to the spot. The mother of the second boy found her son lying dead in the jungle. Close to his corpse the parents of the first boy found their half-eaten son and the dead calf. According to Corbett, the result of being disturbed on his first kill had turned the tiger from a cattle lifter to a man-eater.<ref name="bare_url">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n95/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref>

==First hunt for the man-eater==
Following these first killings, many sportsmen and district officials sat over baits all night on machans (tree platforms). Unfortunately the man-eater was only wounded twice with buckshot and not killed outright. Still he took another victim from Thak, this time another herdsman. On a wheat field two hundred yards above Thak, two orphaned brothers, aged 10 and 12, were grazing their cattle. Towards afternoon a cow strayed towards the jungle on the far side of the field. The boys attempted to drive it back and in doing so passed a bush where the tiger was lying in wait. Instead of choosing the cow, the tiger sprang on the older boy, killed him and disappeared with him into the jungle. The younger boy ran towards the village and a search party was organized. The tracks of the man-eater led into the Suwar Gadh ravine. Since the night was closing in, the search continued the following morning and the villagers found the boy's red cap and a few bits of torn and blood stained clothing. This was the Chuka man-eater's last human victim.<ref name="bare_url" />

==Second hunt for the man-eater==
In April 1937, Corbett set out to hunt the man-eater along with Ibbotson, the deputy commissioner of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]. Six young male buffaloes procured from [[Tanakpur]] were tied out at various points near Thak village as bait for the man-eater for three nights before their arrival. Over the next four days Corbett and Ibbotson sat up over the baits but were unsuccessful. On the fifth day the buffalo tied at the edge of the jungle where the first two-human kills were made was carried off by the tiger. Avoiding two [[Machan (state constituency)|machans]] from where it had been shot at previously, the tiger passed over a rocky field where the horns of the kill had got stuck between two boulders. Unable to free it the tiger ate a meal from the hindquarters and left it. Corbett found the man-eater's paw prints in a nearby wallow and concluded that it was a big male tiger. He also got word from the villagers that the man-eater had a broken canine tooth. On all kills made by the man-eater one of the teeth had failed to penetrate the skin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n103/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref> Corbett sat up over a large [[jamun]] tree near the kill that night but could not kill the tiger. He along with his men covered up the kill the following day to protect it from [[vulture]]s. Ibbotson meanwhile sat up over a bullock killed at Chuka by a tiger but had no success.

==Third hunt for the man-eater==
A few days later, a buffalo that had been tied up at the lower end of the [[Suwar Gadh]] ravine was carried away. As Corbett approached the ravine he heard the growl of the tiger. Leaving the ravine along with his men he entered open ground. One of his men spotted the tiger on the adjoining hill. Corbett fired at the tiger but the bullet missed, only clipping a few hairs from the ruff of the neck. Following the tiger he found the kill in a pool four feet deep, where it had been hidden to protect it from hornets and blowflies. Returning the next day he found the kill had been removed from the pool and had been fully consumed except for the head and the hooves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n109/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref> Returning to camp Corbett received news that a cow had been killed in a ravine on the far side of the Ladhya Valley. Corbett along with divisional officer MacDonald sat up over the kill. However instead of the man-eater a tigress with two young cubs appeared and led them towards the concealed kill. After the cubs had found the kill, she went asleep close to the tree where Corbett was concealed. After the cubs had finished feeding, she licked both of them clean and then the family left. This tigress was later to become known as the [[Thak man-eater]] and was shot by Corbett in November 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954#page/n113/mode/2up|title=The Temple Tiger and more Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1954)|website=archive.org}}</ref>

==Final hunt for the man-eater==
The kill at Thak was uncovered to let the vultures eat it and another buffalo was tied up at the edge of the jungle. This buffalo was killed and carried away by the tiger into the Ladhya Valley. Corbett chose a [[Fig-tree|fig tree]] close to the kill to wait for the man eater while Ibbotson decided to sit up over the first kill at Thak, which had not been consumed by the vultures. While sitting up over the kill, Corbett noticed the tiger coming towards it with the help of the alarms of monkeys. The man-eater eventually came to rest under the tree where Corbett was waiting for him. From the tree, Corbett could see his hind leg and tail. Corbett's first shot broke the man-eater's back and as he was sliding down, Corbett killed him by firing a second bullet through his chest.<ref name="bare_url_a" />

==Post-mortem==
Corbett found the man-eater had a broken [[canine tooth]] in his lower jaw and several gunshot wounds over his body. He concluded that these injuries together with the accidental encounter with the first two boys had turned him into a man-eater.<ref name="bare_url_a" />

==In popular culture==
The video game [[Guild Wars 2]] features a tiger-themed legendary weapon and accompanying quest series named "Chuka and [[Champawat Tiger|Champawat]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guildwars2.com/en/the-game/releases/april-19-2016/|title=Spring 2016 Quarterly Update - GuildWars2.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Man-Eaters of Kumaon]]''
* [[Corbett National Park]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Man-eating tigers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chuka Man-Eater}}
[[Category:Man-eating animals in India]]
[[Category:Individual tigers in India|Chuka Tiger]]
[[Category:History of Kumaon|Chuka Tiger]]
[[Category:Deaths due to tiger attacks]]
[[Category:1937 animal deaths]]
[[Category:1937 in India]]
[[Category:Individual wild animals]]
[[Category:Bengal tiger]]

Saukar Masjid

2026-03-10T22:28:40Z

Greyscaledesign:

{{Short description|Mosque in Alappuzha, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Saukar Masjid
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption =
| alt =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Kerala]]
| location = [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.495316|76.337071|region:IN-KER|format=dms|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| rite =
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman]]|Eastern European}}
| founded_by = [[Raja Kesava Das]]
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1850
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
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| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bennykuriakose.com/alappuzha-heritage-project-1/saukar-masjid |title=Saukar Masjid |work=Benny Kuriakose & Associates |date=2021 |access-date=17 January 2025 }}</ref>
}}

The '''Saukar Masjid''' is a [[mosque]] in the [[Alappuzha district]], in the state of [[Kerala]], India. Completed in 1850, the mosque is an historically important structure in the Alappuzha district.
==History==
Alappuzha was an important commercial and industrial centre in medieval Kerala. [[Raja Kesava Das]], the Diwan of [[Travancore]], known as the 'creator of modern Alappuzha', made Alappuzha a major port city of Travancore.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title=History |work=District Alappuzha |publisher=Government of Kerala |url=https://alappuzha.nic.in/en/history/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> To improve the spice trade, the Diwan built many roads, canals, and warehouses.<ref name="history" /> Traders and businessmen from throughout India, including Kachi memans, [[Gujarati Muslims]], and Pathans, came Alappuzha in search of employment and market. Many Gujarati Muslim families were invited from [[Bombay]] and settled at the initiative of the Diwan.<ref name="Madhyamam">{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മാധ്യമം |date=2022-04-18 |title=പൈതൃകപദ്ധതിയിൽ മുഖംമിനുക്കിയ ആലപ്പുഴ മഖാം മസ്ജിദിന് പുതുഭാവം |work=Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/local-news/alappuzha/new-look-for-alappuzha-makham-masjid-982594 |access-date=2024-06-27 |language=ml}}</ref> The Diwan had also allotted sites to build places of worship.

The Saukar Masjid was built on a land granted by Raja Kesava Das in 1850 to the Halai Memon community who came from [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]] in Gujarat.<ref name="News18">{{cite news |title=ആലപ്പുഴ പൈതൃകപദ്ധതിയിൽ മുഖംമിനുക്കി ' സൗക്കാർ മസ്ജിദ് ' |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/alappuzha/sawker-masjid-timeless-beacon-of-spiritual-heritage-in-alappuzha-local18-649587.html |work=News18 മലയാളം |date=14 January 2024 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Location==
Saukar Masjid is located in Alappuzha municipality, approximately {{convert|1.7|km}} from the Alappuzha Bus Stand and approximately {{convert|3.1|km}} from the [[Alappuzha railway station]].<ref name="DTPC">{{cite web |title=Saukar Masjid |url=https://www.dtpcalappuzha.com/destination/saukar-masjid |website=DTPC alappuzha |language=en}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The Saukar Masjid an historically important structure in Alappuzha. The mosque was built in the [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman]] and Eastern European architectural styles that prevailed at the time of its construction.<ref name="DTPC"/> Considering its age and architectural features, restoration work was carried out as part of the Alappuzha Heritage Project in 2022<ref name=BennyBlog>{{cite web |author=Naseef, T. P. |url=https://www.bennykuriakose.com/post/the-kerala-mosques-that-has-been-restored-to-the-past-glory |title=The Kerala Mosques That Have Been Restored To Their Past Glory: Saukar Masjid |publisher=Benny Kuriakose and Associates |date=28 June 2023 |access-date=18 January 2025 }}</ref> and the mosque was converted into a protected place{{clarify|date=January 2025|reason=So is it on the [[List of State Protected Monuments in Kerala]]?}} of worship by the Kerala Government.<ref name="News18"/><ref>{{cite web |title=15th Kerala Legislative Assembly-proceedings |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/15kla/Session_8/ans/u06676-210323-08-15.pdf |publisher=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of mosques in Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mosques in India}}
{{Islam in Kerala}}

[[Category:19th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1850s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Kerala]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1850]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Ottoman mosques in India]]

Shava Ni Girdhari Lal

2026-03-08T03:05:43Z

Greyscaledesign: added a page

{{short description|2021 Indian Punjabi-language comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shava Ni Girdhari Lal
| image = Shava Ni Girdhari Lal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = First look poster
| director = [[Gippy Grewal]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Gippy Grewal [[Rana Ranbir]]
| story = Rana Ranbir
| producer = Gippy Grewal [[Vashu Bhagnani]] Ashu Munish Sahani
| starring = [[Gippy Grewal]] [[Neeru Bajwa]] [[Yami Gautam]] [[Himanshi Khurana]] [[Surilie Gautam]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Baljit Singh Deo]]
| editing = Rohit Dhiman
| music = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| studio = Humble Motion Pictures [[Pooja Entertainment]] Omjee Star Studios
| distributor = Omjee Group
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|12|17|}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Shava Ni Girdhari Lal''''' ({{translation|Well Done Girdhari Lal}}) is a 2021 Indian Punjabi-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Gippy Grewal]] from a screenplay co-written with [[Rana Ranbir]]. Produced by Gippy Grewal, [[Vashu Bhagnani]] and Ashu Munish Sahani under the banners of Humble Motion Pictures, [[Pooja Entertainment]] and Omjee Star Studios, it stars [[Neeru Bajwa|Gippy Grewal, Neeru Bajwa]], and [[Himanshi Khurana]]. Yami Gautam also stars in film marking her comeback in Punjabi film industry after 10 years. The film is a period comedy and the plot is set in the 1940s. The [[principal photography]] of the film began on 3 April 2021, and it was theatrically released on 17 December 2021.

== Cast ==
* [[Gippy Grewal]] as Girdhari Lal (Magghar Singh Sandhu)
* [[Neeru Bajwa]] as Shamo
* [[Himanshi Khurana]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-consider-shava-ni-girdhari-lal-as-my-debut-says-bigg-boss-13-fame-himanshi-khurana-who-previously-did-punjabi-films-when-she-was-16-2886496 |title='Consider Shava Ni Girdhari Lal as my debut,' says Himanshi Khurana who previously did Punjabi films when she was 16 |date=15 April 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=DNA India}}</ref> as Surjeet Kaur
* [[Payal Rajput]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thepollywood.com/movies/payal-rajput-joined-the-star-studded-cast-list-of-shava-ni-girdhari-lal/ |title=Payal Rajput Joined the Star-Studded Cast List of Shava Ni Girdhari Lal |date=20 April 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=The Pollywood}}</ref> as Kammo
* [[Sara Gurpal]] as Jinder
*[[Yami Gautam]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-launches-its-trailer-surprises-viewers-with-yami-gautam-in-a-punjabi-flick-after-10-years-345459 |title='Shava Ni Girdhari Lal' launches its trailer; surprises viewers with Yami Gautam in a Punjabi flick after 10 years |work=The Tribune |date=2 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> as Mannat
* [[Surilie Gautam]] as Bhaggo
*Prabh Grewal<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2021 |title=Gippy Grewal hooks all with the first look of 'Shava Ni Girdhari Lal' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/kala-shah-kala-to-uda-aida-first-looks-of-punjabi-movies-that-impressed/gippy-grewal-hooks-all-with-the-first-look-of-shava-ni-girdhari-lal/photostory/85800678.cms |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Tanu Grewal]] as Kuljeet
*[[Karamjit Anmol]] as Jaggar Singh
* [[Rana Ranbir]]
* Seema Kaushal
* Sardar Sohi
* Raghveer Boli
* [[Prince Kanwaljit Singh]]
* Akshita Sharma
* Raj Dhaliwal as Parsinni
* Chandan Gill
* Baljinder Kaur
* Balwinder Begowal
* Ranjit Punia
* Harinder Bhullar
* Dilraj Udey
* Honey Mattu
* Aman Kotish
* [[Nisha Bano]]
* Nooran Kaur

==Production==
[[Vashu Bhagnani]] is a co-producer of the film, it is his first Punjabi film as producer. 52 popular actors from Punjabi film industry are cast in one film for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/vashu-bhagnani-ventures-in-punjabi-cinema-with-shava-ni-giridhari-lal-gippy-grewal-brings-52-popular-pollywood-stars-on-screen-together-for-the-first-time/articleshow/88074833.cms |title=Vashu Bhagnani ventures in Punjabi Cinema with 'Shava Ni Giridhari Lal', Gippy Grewal brings 52 popular Pollywood stars on screen together for the first time |date=3 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Principal photography of the film started on 3 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/himanshi-khurana-starts-shooting-for-her-punjabi-film-shava-ni-girdhari-lal-directed-by-gippy-grewal-695278 |title=Himanshi Khurana starts shooting for her Punjabi film Shava Ni Girdhari Lal, directed by Gippy Grewal |date=3 April 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=India TV News}}</ref>

==Release and reception==
The film was released theatrically on 17 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://abcfry.com/shava-ni-girdhari-lal/ |title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal Release Date {{as written|Anno|nced! [sic]}} |date=1 September 2021 |access-date=1 September 2021 |website=abcFRY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901063828/https://abcfry.com/shava-ni-girdhari-lal/ |archive-date=1 September 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.trendpunjabi.com/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-movie/ |title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal: Gippy Grewal's Upcoming Punjabi Movie To Release On December 17, 2021 |date=31 August 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=TrendPunjabi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-release-date-announcement-1310251 |title=ਗਿੱਪੀ ਗਰੇਵਾਲ ਦੇ ਨਿਰਦੇਸ਼ਨ ਹੇਠ ਬਣੀ 'ਸ਼ਾਵਾ ਨੀ ਗਿਰਧਾਰੀ ਲਾਲ' 17 ਦਸੰਬਰ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼ |trans-title='Shava Ni Girdhari Lal' directed by Gippy Grewal to be released on 17 December |date=31 August 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=Punjab Kesari |language=pa}}</ref>

===Critical response===
Kiddaan.com gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and praised the performances of cast. They didn't appreciate the theme and ending of the film and stated, "We believe this movie could have been a great watch if the makers would have tried to keep the theme of the movie specific." Concluding they said, "we are ending this review with a very straight forward and not honey-coated conclusion that you might like the movie only if you are a hard-core Gippy Grewal fan."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kiddaan.com/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-review-even-the-super-powerful-starcast-couldnt-make-the-hanging-plot-any-better/ |last=Team |first=Kiddan |title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal Review: Even The Super Powerful Starcast Couldn't Make The Hanging Plot Any Better |website=Kiddaan.com |publisher=Kiddan |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Shava Ni Girdhari Lal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2021|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| length =
| label = Humble Music
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Paani Ch Madhaani]]
| prev_year = 2021
| next_title = [[Phatte Dinde Chakk Punjabi]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc =
}}
The full soundtrack of the film is composed by Jatinder Shah with lyrics by [[Happy Raikoti]], [[Kumaar]], [[Amrit Maan]], [[Satinder Sartaaj]], Ricky Khan. The songs are sung by [[Gippy Grewal]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Satinder Sartaaj, Amrit Maan and G Khan. Title track "Shava Ni Girdhari Lal" was released on 5 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/the-title-track-of-shava-ni-girdhari-lal-is-a-complete-package-for-the-punjabi-audience/articleshow/88138179.cms |date=7 December 2021 |title=The title track of 'Shava Ni Girdhari Lal' is a complete package for the Punjabi audience |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Second track "Gori Diyan Jhanjhran" sung by Sunidhi Chauhan was released on 8 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/gori-diyan-jhanjran-neeru-bajwas-performance-in-the-latest-song-of-shava-ni-girdhari-lal-is-breathtaking/articleshow/88181795.cms |date=9 December 2021 |title=Gori Diyan Jhanjran: Neeru Bajwa's performance in the latest song of 'Shava Ni Girdhari Lal' is breathtaking |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Track list ===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Shava Ni Girdhari Lal
| extra1 = [[Satinder Sartaaj]]
| lyrics1 = Satinder Sartaaj
| length1 = 2:42
| title2 = Gori Diyan Jhanjhran
| extra2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kumaar]]
| length2 = 2:40
| title3 = Kuljeete
| extra3 = Gippy Grewal
| lyrics3 = Veet Baljit
| length3 = 3:11
| title4 = Jatt Nal Yaariyan
| extra4 = [[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]
| lyrics4 = Happy Raikoti
| length4 = 3:31
| title5 = Moge Di Barfi
| extra5 = Amrit Maan
| lyrics5 = [[Amrit Maan]]
| length5 = 2:55
| title6 = Fateh
| extra6 = G Khan
| lyrics6 = Ricky Khan
| length6 = 2:40
| title7 = Sawa Sawa Lakh
| extra7 = Gippy Grewal
| lyrics7 = Veet Baljit
| length7 = 3:30
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15340570}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jatinder Shah]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 comedy films]]

Adra Junction railway station

2026-03-07T13:54:28Z

Greyscaledesign:

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|ADRA JUNCTION}}
| native_name =
| system = [[Indian Railways]]
| image = Adra Junction station.jpg
| image_caption = Adra Junction rail station building
| style = Indian Railways
| address = Adra Town, station road, Raghunathpur and Kashipur block area, Purulia district, West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|23.496|86.674|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|185|m|ft}}
| line = * [[Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line]]
* [[Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line]]
* [[Railways in Jharia Coalfield]]
| other = Raghunathpur, Kashipur, Purulia
| structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]]
| platform = 4
| tracks = 8 (excluding Yard)
| parking = Available
| opened = 1887
| closed =
| rebuilt = 1904
| electrified = 1961–62 [First electrified functional line in Adra division]
| accessible = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = ADRA
| zone = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Adra}}
}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/train-search}}
| owned =
| operator = South Eastern Railways
| status = Functional
| former = [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]
| passengers = More than 2.5 million
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India#India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Adra Junction
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location with Adra
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map of Adra Junction
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=South Eastern Railway zone|left=Garhdhrubeswar|right=Metyal Sahar|to-left=Garhdhrubeswar|to-right=Kharagpur Junction|type=[[Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line]]}}
| route_map = {{switcher
|{{Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line|inline=y}}
| Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line
|{{Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line|inline=y}}
| Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line
|{{Railways in Jharia Coalfield|inline=y}}
| Railways in Jharia Coalfield
}}
| services_collapsible = yes
}}

'''Adra Junction railway station''' serves '''[[Adra, Purulia|Adra]] town''', and also serves the industrial towns of [[Raghunathpur, Purulia|Raghunathpur]] and [[Kashipur, West Bengal|Kashipur]] in [[Purulia district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It is a gateway to the famous tourist spots of [[Purulia district]]. It also servers as the divisional headquarters of the [[Adra railway division|Adra Division]] of the [[South Eastern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. Adra (ADRA) station is categorized as NSG 4 on the basis of yearly window sale. The station has also been declared as 'Model' as well as 'Adarsh' station. The station serves the Divisional Head Quarters.

It is an important junction station, with railway tracks from four different directions meeting there and is the busiest station in the entire division handling a huge amount of passenger and freight train traffic in a day. Many important and long distance trains like Rajdhani, Duronto, NandanKanan, Vivek Express, Samarsatha Express etc. having stoppages at Adra and patronization of these trains are good.

==Trains==

* [[Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express|New Delhi Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Bhubaneswar–New Delhi Duronto Express]]
* [[Yesvantpur–Kamakhya AC Superfast Express]]
* [[Chennai–New Jalpaiguri Superfast Express|MGR Chennai Central–New Jalpaiguri Superfast Express]]
* [[Purulia–Villupuram Superfast Express]]
* [[Samarsata Express|Mumbai Lokmanya Tilak-Howrah]]
* [[Puri–Jaynagar Express]]
* [[Puri–Kamakhya Weekly Express (via Adra)|Puri–Kamakhya Express]]
* [[Nandan Kanan Express|Puri-Anand Vihar Nandan Kanan Express]]
* [[Howrah–Purulia Express]]
* [[Digha–Malda Town Express]]
* [[Haldia–Asansol Express]]
* [[Digha–Asansol Express]]
* [[Howrah–Ranchi Intercity Express]]
* [[Rupashi Bangla Express|Santragachi-Parulia Rupasi Bangla Express]]
* [[Ernakulam–Patna Express (via Chennai)|Ernakulam-Patna Express]]
* [[Aranyak Express|Kolkata Shalimar- Bhojudih Aranyak Express]]

==History==
The [[Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line]], a joint effort of [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] and [[East Indian Railway Company]] came up in 1870.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | title = IR History: Early Days – II | work = Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899)| access-date = 2012-10-27 }}</ref> The [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] was formed in 1887 for the purpose of upgrading the [[Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway]] and then extending it via {{stnlnk|Bilaspur}} to {{stnlnk|Asansol}}, in order to develop a shorter Howrah–Mumbai route than the one via Allahabad.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://railwaysofraj.blogspot.in/2011/08/number-1-down-mail.html |title = Number 1 Down Mail| publisher= Railways of the Raj| access-date = 2012-02-19 }}</ref> The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to {{stnlnk|Asansol}}, on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]], was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.<ref name=ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|title=Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway|publisher=South Eastern Railway|access-date=2012-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1|archive-date=1 April 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, it was only after [[Kharagpur Junction|Kharagpur]] was linked from the west and the south that it was connected to Howrah in 1900.<ref name=timeline>{{cite web| url = http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm| title = Indian Railway History timeline|first=R. P.|last=Saxena| access-date = 2012-02-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229092028/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm| archive-date = 29 February 2012| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}}</ref>

BNR lines were extended to Gomoh, on EIR's main line, in 1907. The Mohuda–Chandrapura branch line was opened in 1913.<ref name=ser/>

==Electrification==
The Asansol–Purulia section was electrified in 1961–62.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-12-29}}</ref>
The first MEMU train services in SER were started in between Adra and Asansol. Later these services started between Adra–Purulia, Adra–Tatanagar and Adra–Medinipur.
{{Adra–Asansol line}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140">
File:Adra Rail Station (South Side) আদ্রা রেলওয়ে স্টেশন.jpg|Adra Junction
File:New building of adra.jpg|Adra Jn new station building
File:Adra JN.jpg|Adra Jn at night
File:New station building of adra.jpg|Adra Jn
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/adra-junction-adra/956 Trains at Adra]

{{external media
| float=right
| video1= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28L4Ah4MyuE Train leaving Adra railway station]
}}
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=South Eastern Railway zone|left=Joychandi Pahar|right=Garhdhrubeshwar|type=[[Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line]]
|line2=South Eastern Railway zone|left2=|right2=Sanka|type2=[[Adra–Gomoh line]]
|line3=South Eastern Railway zone|left3=|right3=Metyal Sahar|type3=Adra–Bankura–Kharagpur line}}

{{Purulia topics}}
{{Railway stations in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1891]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Purulia district]]
[[Category:Adra railway division]]

Singari

2026-03-04T05:03:31Z

Greyscaledesign: added a post!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Singari
| image = Singari poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. R. Raghunath]]
| screenplay = [[T. R. Raghunath]]
| story = V. S. Venkatachalam
| starring = [[T. R. Ramachandran]] [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
| cinematography = P. S. Selvaraj<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />
| editing = S. A. Murugesan<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />
| music = [[S. V. Venkatraman]] T. R. Ramanathan [[T. A. Kalyanam]]
| studio = National Productions
| distributor = Kumaravel Pictures<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 July 1951 |title=சிங்காரி |url=https://archive.org/details/diwali_malar1951-01-01/page/n207/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240901133226/https://archive.org/details/diwali_malar1951-01-01/page/n207/mode/2up |archive-date=1 September 2024 |access-date=1 September 2024 |magazine=Deepavali Malar |publisher=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=207 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1951|10|29|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Singari''''' is a 1951 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> The film stars [[T. R. Ramachandran]], [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=20 August 2011 |title=Singari 1951 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/singari-1951/article2376221.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220220025/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/singari-1951/article2376221.ece |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=28 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was released on 29 October 1951.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1951 – சிங்காரி – நேஷனல் புரொடக்ஷன்ஸ் |trans-title=1951 – Singari – National Productions |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails9.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170128060619/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails9.asp |archive-date=28 January 2017 |access-date=28 January 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=June 2022}}
A young man (Nayagam) who is wrongly convicted for a bank robbery leaves his young daughter behind to serve a seven-year sentence in prison. She is involved in a car accident. The car owner, a rich man, (Balasubramaniam) brings her up as his own, changing her name (Padmini). A college-going girl (Lalitha) drawn to the world of entertainment runs away from home and joins a drama troupe run by TRR assisted by a crooked manager (T. K. Ramachandran). Sahasranamam (the rich man's son) is thrown out of the house by his father because of his insistence on going abroad for further studies. The father goes on a long pilgrimage and Sahasranamam coming back meets Padmini who is drawn to him. However, he goes around with the stage actor (Lalitha), creating much gossip. Indeed T. R. Ramachandran is in love with her. Complications ensue and, in the end, it turns out that the young women are the daughters of two brothers and the two couples marry and live happily.<ref name="hindu" />

== Cast ==
Adapted from the opening credits of the film
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[T. R. Ramachandran]]
*[[S. V. Sahasranamam]]
*[[D. Balasubramaniam]]
*[[T. K. Ramachandran]]
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*C. V. Nayagam
*C. S. Pandian
*[[Kaka Radhakrishnan|T. V. Radhakrishnan]]
*[[K. A. Thangavelu|Thangavelu]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*[[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]
*[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
*[[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]]
*N. R. Leela
*Nirmala
*M. M. Radha Bai
*[[C. K. Saraswathi]]
*M. S. S. Bhagyam
{{col-end}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by 3 music directors – T. A. Kalyanam, [[S. V. Venkatraman]] and T. R. Ramanathan.<ref name="hindu" /> The following list of songs is adapted from the book authored by K. Neelamegam.<ref name="neelamegam" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Composer !! Duration (m:ss)
|-
| "Sudhdham Seyyanum" || [[Jikki]] || [[Kannadasan]]|| rowspan="5" |T. A. Kalyanam || 02:58
|-
| "Paalu Paalu Pasum Paalu" || [[P. A. Periyanayaki]] & [[P. Leela]] || rowspan=12|[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 04:27
|-
| "Kani Suvai Tharum Amudhaave" || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & Jikki ||
|-
| "Ezhaigal Vaazhave Idamillaiyaa" || Thiruchi Loganathan ||
|-
| "Maaname Pradhaaname" || Thiruchi Loganathan || 02:49
|-
| "Oru Jaan Vayire Illaattaa" || K. N. Reddy, K. Rani || rowspan=9|S. V. Venkatraman || 03:56
|-
| "Jighu Jighu Samakku Paarungo" || [[P. Leela]] || 01:56
|-
| "O! Chellaiah Nee Vallaiah" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Urum Sadhamalla Uttrarum" || C. S. Pandian ||
|-
| "Kaanil Vennilaa Poleh" || P. Leela || 02:34
|-
| "Kohnaadha Marathinile" || K. H. Reddy, K. Rani || 01:10
|-
| "Bhaarathi Enge Solladi" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Ottai Pallai Kaatiye" || ||
|-
| "Vaanavillaipoleh Oru Vaaliban" || P. Leela || K. P. Kamatchi Sundaram ||02:56
|}

== Reception ==
Film historian [[Randor Guy]] wrote in 2011 that the film was remembered for its storyline, music, song, dances and the remarkable performance of artistes like Sahasranamam, Lalitha, Padmini, D. Balasubramaniam and ''Kaka'' Radhakrishnan.<ref name="hindu" />

== Legacy ==
Comedian K. A. Thangavelu came to be known as ''Danaal Thangavelu'' because he used the phrase ''Danaal Danaal'' in his dialogues in this film.<ref name="neelamegam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=K. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=18–19 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1951 Indian films]]
[[Category:1951 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1951 comedy films]]
[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Raghunath]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Venkatraman]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. A. Kalyanam]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. R. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nippulanti Manishi (1986 film)

2026-03-03T22:01:01Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nippulanti Manishi
| image = Nippulanti Manishi (1986 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Satyanand {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Mohan Kaul Ravi Kapoor
| screenplay = S. B. Chakravarthy
| producer = Midde Rama Rao
| director = S. B. Chakravarthy
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] [[Sarath Babu]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = N. Sudhakar Reddy
| editing = D. Venkataratnam
| based_on = [[Qayamat (1983 film)|''Qayamat'']] (1983)
| studio = Sri Rajalakshmi Art Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1986|2|7}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Nippulanti Manishi''''' ({{translation|Fire-like Man}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by S. B. Chakravarthy. The film stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] and [[Sarath Babu]], with music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi {{!}} Cast and Crew |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/nippulanti-manishi/20065424/credits/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530043427/http://www.moviefone.com/movie/nippulanti-manishi/20065424/credits/ |archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=[[Moviefone]]}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Qayamat (1983 film)|Qayamat]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981–1990 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |year=2020 |isbn=9788193848227 |pages=336–337}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with a justice-seeking ruffian, Parasuram, who uproars against anti-social elements and stands as a pillar for the destitute. Once, he is enraged by the news of returning a tycoon, Raja, from abroad and spins rearward: Parasuram is incredibly darling, Radha. Raja entices and aspires to subjugate her when Parasuram smacks him. As a result, the demonic slays Radha on the turtle doves' wedding stage, and the court acquits him as non-guilty. Thus, Parasuram establishes a new judiciary to control the system. Presently, he slaughters Raja for granted. Since Parasuram turns a diehard to law & order, the department appoints a stout-hearted cop, ACP Vijay, to snare him.

At that point, Vijay is startled to view the file as Parasuram is his childhood bestie by whose benefit he acquired esteem. Now, the two contact and embrace when Parasuram proclaims there is no chance of his retrieval. Plus, he takes a word from Vijay not to yield his path for their friendship. Besides, Vijay apprehends a dangerous gangster, Jakki, with the aid of Parasuram when the knave animosities on both. Next, Parasuram's difference of opinion with a big shot, Bhujanga Rao, so he conspires with a prostitute, Pankajam, and incriminates him under the charge of molesting a girl, Swapna, when Vijay seizes him. Further, Bhujanga Rao creates a rift between the soulmates where Parasuram misconstrues Vijay. As of today, Parasuram has been penalized for seven years when he pledged to reimburse all who are accountable for his moving point.

Time passes, and Parasuram frees up and seeks vengeance. Consecutively, he tactically eliminates Bhujanga Rao & Pankajam, leaving any piece of evidence. Soon, he approaches Vijay, who leads a delightful life with his wife Lakshmi and sister Aasha, who resemble Radha. Parasuram shows a threat to Aasha, who beset her to make Vijay's life a nightmare. Being conscious of it, Vijay is an onslaught on Parasuram when they declare warfare. Parallelly, Vijay sends away Aasha for her safety when Jakki abducts her on behalf of Parasuram. Here, Vijay flares up strikes to attack. Anyhow, Parasuram safeguards Aasha, though he makes various attempts to molest Aasha, and he backs recollecting his love for Radha. Then, Aasha discerns his virtue and endears him. Forthwith, the gallants keep pace with face-to-face, and battle erupts. In the interim, Jakki again hits Aasha when Parasuram rescues her. Spotting it, Vijay comprehends the eminence of Parasuram and mutually pleads for pardon. At last, Vijay offers Parasuram to accept Aasha's hand, which he does so. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Parasuram & Aasha.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Parasuram
*[[Radha (actress)|Radha]] as Radha & Aasha (Dual role)
*[[Sarath Babu]] as Vijay
*[[Nutan Prasad]] as Bhujanga Rao
*[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Jacky
*Raj Varma as Raja
*Hema Sundar as Keshava
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as IGP Ranga Rao
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Dumbu & Lambu (Dual role)
*K. K. Sarma as Govindaiah
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Masthan
*Potti Prasad as Rangaiah
*Bhimiswara Rao as Judge
*Telephone Satyanarayana as Lawyer
*Madan Mohan
*[[Rajya Lakshmi]] as Lakshmi
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Chukkamma
*Varalakshmi as Mahalakshmi
*[[Silk Smitha]] as [[item number]]
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as item number
*Babita as item number
*Sundari as Swapna
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Pankajam
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi Telugu Film EP Vinyl Record by Chakravarthy |url=https://mossymart.com/product/nippulanti-manishi-telugu-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-chakravarthy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913054535/https://mossymart.com/product/nippulanti-manishi-telugu-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-chakravarthy/ |archive-date=13 September 2022 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bolthaa Kottavante
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 4:11
| title2 = Maa Amma Kothimeraku
| extra2 = P. Susheela, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length2 = 4:05
| title3 = Nee Tholi Choopulone
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length3 = 3:55
| title4 = Iruku Iruku Raikalo
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length4 = 4:17
| title5 = Yama Yamagaa
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length5 = 4:20
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1986 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1986 action films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu

2026-03-03T21:57:11Z

Greyscaledesign: adding a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu
| image = Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[Vamsy]]
| writer = Sankaramanchi Pardhasaradhi (dialogue)
| screenplay = Vamsy
| story = Sankaramanchi Pardhasaradhi
| based_on = 
| producer = V. Vijay Kumar Varma [[V. Doraswamy Raju]] (presenter)
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
*[[Archana Shastry|Veda]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[M. V. Raghu]]
| editing = Basva Paidyreddy
| music = [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
| studio = [[VMC Productions]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|12|4}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu''''' ({{translation|If you are in touch, I'll tell}}) is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Vamsy]] and starring [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] and [[Archana Shastry|Veda]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2004 |title=Press Meet — Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-ktvc.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213100635/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-ktvc.html |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Kalidasu (Sivaji) is suicidal due to his financial situation but JK (Prakash Raj) saves him and promises him money.

Kalidasu sees Alakananda (Veda), the daughter of a millionaire, on a TV show and it is love at first sight. Whether Alakananda accepts Kaludasu's love or not forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] as Kalidasu
*[[Archana Shastry|Veda]] as Alakananda
*[[Prakash Raj]] as JK
*[[M. S. Narayana]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Krishna Bhagavaan]]
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
*[[Suman Setty]]
*[[Chitram Srinu]]
*[[AVS (actor)|AVS]]
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao|Kondavalasa]]
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]
* Jogi Naidu
*Kanchi
*[[Duvvasi Mohan]]
*[[Shankar Melkote]]
* Raja Sridhar
*[[Gundu Sudarshan]]
* [[Bhuvaneswari (actress)|Bhuvaneswari]]
* Draksharamam Saroja
* Apoorva
* Madhu
* Archana Roy
* Bank Suresh
* [[Krishneswara Rao]]
* Prasada Murthy
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The songs were composed by [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]. All lyrics were written by [[Vennelakanti]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2004 |title=Audio release — Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-ktvc.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213100636/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-ktvc.html |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mymazaa.com/telugu/audiosongs/movie/Konchem+Touchlo+Vunte+Cheputanu.html|title=Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu Songs|work=mymazaa|date=4 December 2004 }}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Valapula Varam
| extra1 = Kausalya, Chakri
| length1 = 4:25
| title2 = Unnattuga Lenattuga
| extra2 = Kausalya, [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| length2 = 6:04
| title3 = Sarele Sarele
| extra3 = Chakri, Kausalya, Hariharan
| length3 = 4:44
| title4 = Nee Kuluku Jamaku Jam
| extra4 = Chakri, Kausalya
| length4 = 3:49
| title5 = Hello Annanu Monna
| extra5 = Venu, Kausalya
| length5 = 4:03
| title6 = Chilipi Kanula Teeyani
| extra6 = Hariharan, Kausalya
| length6 = 4:08
| total_length = 27:13
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "''KTVC'' is a typical Vamsi's film with love, crime and comedy entangled".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |date=4 December 2004 |title=Movie review — Konchem Touchlo Vunte Cheputanu |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ktvc.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213100635/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ktvc.html |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt0431865}}
{{Vamsy}}
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2004 Indian films]]
[[Category:2004 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vamsy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]

Ala Ila Ela

2026-03-03T09:18:10Z

Greyscaledesign: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ala Ila Ela.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Telugu poster
| native_name = 
| director = Raghava Dwaraki
| writer = Raghava Tiruvaipati (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = G. Naga Raju
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Shakthi Vasudevan]]
*[[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]]
*Raja Chembolu
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = P. K. H. Das
| editing = K. Sasikumar
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| studio = Kala Movie Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|7|21|Telugu|2024|8|28|Tamil}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ala Ila Ela''''' ({{Translation|Like that, like this, how?}}) is a 2023 Indian [[action film|action]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera-exciting-lineup/article4515837.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325004037/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera-exciting-lineup/article4515837.ece|title=Etcetera: Exciting line-up|url-access=subscription|archive-date=25 March 2013|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 March 2013 }}</ref> [[romantic thriller film]]<ref name="Song">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-06/news-interviews/40406999_1_nisha-kothari-kollywood-raghava |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713063853/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-06/news-interviews/40406999_1_nisha-kothari-kollywood-raghava |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 July 2013 |title=Nisha is on a song now |date=6 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref> directed by Raghava Dwarki starring [[Shakthi Vasudevan]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], and Raja Chembolu. The film was simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with the latter version titled as '''''Oru Thee''''' ({{translation|A fire}}). The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] with cinematography by P. K. H. Das and editing by K. Sasikumar. The film began production in 2012 but released after a 10-year delay. It received negative reviews due to its outdated feel.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Shakthi Vasudevan]] as R. Suryaprakash (Mithra)
*[[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] as Anu
*Raja Chembolu as Karthik (credited as Raja Shankar)
*[[Rekha Vedavyas]]
*[[Hariprriya]] as Priya
*[[Nagendra Babu]] as Surya's father
*[[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]] as Janaki, Anu's mother
*[[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] as Surya's mother
*[[Sayaji Shinde]] as Anu's father
*[[Riyaz Khan]] as Police Officer
*[[Brahmanandam]] as LIC Jeevan
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] (in Telugu) / [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] (in Tamil) as Jim Carry
*[[Priyanka Kothari]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
The film was announced in December 2012 by Dwaraki Raghavan, the director of ''[[Iruvar Mattum]]'' (2006), as a Tamil-Telugu bilingual with the Tamil title announced as ''Padam Pesum'' ({{Translation|The film will talk}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shakthi-is-back-with-padam-pesum/articleshow/17677369.cms|title=Shakthi is back with 'Padam Pesum'|date=15 January 2017|work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] worked on this film alongside ''[[Thagaraaru]]'' (2013) in April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Poorna-is-back-with-a-bang/articleshow/19363695.cms|title=Poorna is back with a bang|date=15 January 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331023354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/poorna-is-back-with-a-bang/articleshow/19363695.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As of May 2013, 90% of the film's shooting was complete, which happened in Coorg, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kerala and Visakhapatnam with a song canned in North India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/May/09/all-new-shakthi-post-marriage-475575.html|title=All new Shakthi post marriage|first=Rinku|last=Gupta|date=9 May 2013|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331023352/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/May/09/all-new-shakthi-post-marriage-475575.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July of 2013, [[Priyanka Kothari]] shot for a song in tribal clothes titled "Kannamoochi" in the Tamil version.<ref name="Song"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-a-steady-climb-up/article4911912.ece|title=Etcetera: A steady climb up|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717113559/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-a-steady-climb-up/article4911912.ece|archive-date=17 July 2013|date=13 July 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The film was shot in 83 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manatelangana.news/ala-ila-ela-suspense-thriller/|title=సస్పెన్స్ థ్రిల్లర్|date=27 June 2023|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707123115/https://www.manatelangana.news/ala-ila-ela-suspense-thriller/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2023, the Telugu version's name was revealed to be ''Ala Ila Ela'', and the film was preparing for release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-ala-ila-ela-pre-release-event-was-held-in-hindupur-and-the-makers-are-confident-about-the-success-of-their-film/articleshow/101284199.cms|title=The 'Ala Ila Ela' Pre-release event was held in Hindupur and the makers are confident about the success of their film|date=26 June 2023|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331010444/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-ala-ila-ela-pre-release-event-was-held-in-hindupur-and-the-makers-are-confident-about-the-success-of-their-film/articleshow/101284199.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The delayed release of the film meant that it was the final film of former actors Shakthi Vasudevan, [[Rekha Vedavyas]], and Priyanka Kothari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actress-priyanka-kothari-slays-traditional-look-in-orange-embroidered-suit-8750278.html|title=Actress Priyanka Kothari Slays Traditional Look In Orange Embroidered Suit|date=22 January 2024|website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The Tamil version had changed its title to ''Oru Thee'' and had a direct television premiere on Thanthi One on 28 August 2024.<ref name="T">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUbOvwdiw0Y|title=ஒரே பெண்ணை காதலிக்கும் நாயகனும் அவனது நண்பனும்! நடக்கப்பபோவது என்ன? {{!}} Oru Thee Promo|website=Thanthi One|date=28 August 2024|access-date=6 September 2024|via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The song "Aha Nilabadvate" was released by [[P. Vasu]], Shakthi's father.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/director-p-vasu-released-ala-ila-ela-movie-first-lyrical-song-writtten-by-legendery-lyrisist-sirivennela-seetharama-shastry-ta-1949092.html|title=P Vasu | 'అలా ఇలా ఎలా' మూవీ సిరివెన్నెల రాసిన ఆహా నిలబడతావే పాటను విడుదల చేసిన దర్శకుడు పి వాసు..|date=6 July 2023|website=News18 తెలుగు|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331023735/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/director-p-vasu-released-ala-ila-ela-movie-first-lyrical-song-writtten-by-legendery-lyrisist-sirivennela-seetharama-shastry-ta-1949092.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The audio rights were bagged by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/aditya-music-bags-ala-ila-ela-audio-rights-film-locks-release-date-806270|title=Aditya Music bags 'Ala Ila Ela' audio rights; film locks release date|first=Suhas|last=Sistu|date=29 June 2023|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707122230/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/aditya-music-bags-ala-ila-ela-audio-rights-film-locks-release-date-806270|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu Track listing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ala-ila-ela-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1698268906|title=Ala Ila Ela (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Mani Sharma on Apple Music|date=15 July 2023|via=music.apple.com}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Padi Padi Parugidi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzx0YkEUNZk|title=Padi Padi Parugidi Full Video Song | ALA ILA ELA | Shakthi, Poorna | Mani Sharma|work=[[YouTube]]|date=29 July 2023|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402063824/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzx0YkEUNZk|url-status=live}}</ref>
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Rahul Nambiar]], Chaitra
| length1 = 5:19
| title2 = Aha Nilabadvate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_7Vira2JOc|title=Aha Nilabadvate Full Video Song |ALA ILA ELA | Shakthi, Poorna | Mani Sharma|work=[[YouTube]]|date=28 July 2023 }}</ref>
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra2 = Chaitra
| length2 = 4:53
| title3 = Dakkho Dakkho<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxL8k2pNrnM|title=Dakkho Dakkho Full Video Song | ALA ILA ELA | Shakthi, Poorna | Mani Sharma|work=[[YouTube]]|date=28 July 2023|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625092729/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxL8k2pNrnM|url-status=live}}</ref>
| lyrics3 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra3 = Chaitra
| length3 = 4:48
| title4 = Ennalla Karuninchave<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0CELhMycrY|title=Ennalla Karuninchave Lyrical Song | Ala Ila Ela | Shakthi, Poorna | Raghava Dwaraki | Mani Sharma|work=[[YouTube]]|date=15 July 2023|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402063826/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0CELhMycrY|url-status=live}}</ref>
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra4 = Chaitra
| length4 = 3:29
| total_length = 18:29
}}

;Tamil Track listing
*"Kannamoochi"<ref name="Song"/>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Zee News]]'' rated the film {{Fraction|2|3|4}} out of 5 and wrote that "Although the film was stretched here and there and is boring, the interval and climax twists were well worked out. But the big minus is that it doesn't feel new anywhere".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-rating-and-public-talk-108067|title=Ala Ila Ela Review: 'అలా ఇలా ఎలా'.. సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే.. ?|date=21 July 2023|website=Zee News Telugu|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331023808/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-rating-and-public-talk-108067|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[NTV (India)|NTV Telugu]]'' rated the film {{fraction|2|1|2}} out of 5 and wrote that "Being a routine story, there is novelty anywhere in the film. It can be said that it is the minus point of the whole movie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-and-rating-in-telugu-412081.html|title=ALa Ila Ela Review: అలా ఇలా ఎలా రివ్యూ|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=22 July 2023|website=NTV Telugu|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625092702/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-and-rating-in-telugu-412081.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]'' gave the film the same rating.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-telugu-1704823|title=అలా ఇలా ఎలా సినిమా రివ్యూ|date=22 July 2023|website=Sakshi|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331023734/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/ala-ila-ela-movie-review-telugu-1704823|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|28219502}}

[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]

Oru Indhiya Kanavu

2026-03-03T05:16:48Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating A Article

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oru Indhiya Kanavu
| image = Oru Indhiya Kanavu.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Komal Swaminathan]]
| writer = Komal Swaminathan
| based_on = {{based on|''Oru Indhiya Kanavu''|Komal Swaminathan}}
| producer = {{unbulleted list|T. P. Varadarajan|Vijayalakshmi Desikan}}
| starring = {{unbulleted list|Lalitha|[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]]|[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]}}
| cinematography = M. Kesavan
| editing = C. R. Shanmugam
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Sri Muthiyalamman Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1983|9|30|df=y}}
| runtime = 141 minutes<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=462 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Oru Indhiya Kanavu''''' ({{translation|An Indian Dream}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written and directed by [[Komal Swaminathan]]. It is based on his play of the same name. The film stars [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] and Lalitha, with [[Poornam Viswanathan]] in a supporting role. It was released on 30 September 1983 to widespread critical acclaim and won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] at the [[31st National Film Awards]] in 1984.<ref name="dff1984">{{Cite web |date=June 1984 |title=31st National Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm31stNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112200555/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm31stNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=12 November 2013 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |page=54 |format=PDF}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Anamika, a postgraduate student, along with her friends visit the [[Javadi Hills]] to study the tribals who live there. During her stay, she befriends a tribal girl named Gangamma. Upon returning home, she wishes to do something to uplift the lives of the people. She is encouraged in this regard by her father, and Agni, a journalist. After a while, Anamika goes to Javadi Hills and gets to know that Gangamma is dead. She learns that Gangamma killed herself after being raped. A frustrated Anamika sets out to inquire from the local people. In the process, she is accompanied by a police officer named Muthuvel. Further inquiry reveals Gangamma was raped by Dhanapal, son of an influential minister Malaiyappar.

Anamika gathers some evidence against Dhanapal and goes to the city and approaches Agni and other journalists to publish the news. When the news get published, Malaiyappar is asked to step down by the chief minister. However, Malaiayappar refuses to resign and further blackmails the chief minister of another issue. The case against Dhanapal becomes weak and Muthuvel is transferred to another city. Anamika and her father are arrested under the National Protection Act for disturbing peace and security in the locality. Muthivel resigns from his job and joins Anamika in her struggle to seek justice for Gangamma.

== Cast ==
*[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Muthuvel
*[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] as Anamika<ref name="Scroll">{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Archana |date=14 August 2017 |title=In 'Oru Indhiya Kanavu', an Indian dream for incomplete justice |url=https://scroll.in/reel/846934/in-oru-indhiya-kanavu-an-indian-dream-for-incomplete-justice |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710123824/https://scroll.in/reel/846934/in-oru-indhiya-kanavu-an-indian-dream-for-incomplete-justice |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref>
*Lalitha as Gangamma<ref name="Scroll" />
*[[Poornam Viswanathan]] as Agni<ref name="Scroll" />
*Vathiyar Raman as U. K. Gangatharan, also Anamika's father<ref name="Scroll" />
*Santhanam P as Malaiyappar
*Murali C. Acharya as Dhanapal

== Production ==
''Oru Indhiya Kanavu'' was based on the play of the same name by [[Komal Swaminathan]] himself.<ref name="Scroll" /> The communist parties screened the play in almost all parts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. At one time, it was reported to have been witnessed by over 7,000 people.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=279}} The song "Odakaraiyil Puliyamaram" was shot at Vellimalai falls.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 1982 |title=ரசிகரின் உதவினால் சுகாசினி உயிர் தப்பினார் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_7_22/3.jp2/full/1000,1354/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250608060637/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_7_22/3.jp2/full/1000,1354/0/default.jpg |archive-date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |newspaper=Anna |pages=3 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]] }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] & [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1982 |title=Oru Indhiya Kanavu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/oru-indhiya-kanavu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1451802030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322111202/https://music.apple.com/in/album/oru-indhiya-kanavu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1451802030 |archive-date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oru Indhia Kannavu Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M.S.Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/oru-indhia-kannavu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929101335/https://mossymart.com/product/oru-indhia-kannavu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=29 September 2022 |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = En Payare Enakku
| note1 =
| lyrics1 =
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Odakkaraiyil Oru Puliya
| note2 =
| lyrics2 =
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Nalla Kaalam Parandachu
| note3 =
| lyrics3 =
| music3 =
| extra3 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], Vani Jairam
| length3 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Oru Indhiya Kanavu'' was released on 30 September 1983 to widespread critical acclaim. At the [[31st National Film Awards]], it won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=278}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 July 1984 |title=கோமலின் தார்மீக கோபம் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1984-07-01/kalki1984-07-01.pdf |access-date=16 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=2-5 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film was also screened at the [[Soviet Union]] where a reviewer "attributed the reformist nature of the film to the progressive strivings of its filmmaker".<ref name="Rajagopalan2005">{{Cite book |last=Rajagopalan |first=Sudha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ |title=Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-going After Stalin |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-253-22099-8 |pages=114 |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626205210/https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=26 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said Swaminathan took a problematic story and directed it with clarity.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=16 October 1983 |title=ஒரு இந்திய கனவு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1983-10-16/page/n64/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230426141053/https://archive.org/details/kalki1983-10-16/page/n64/mode/2up |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=26 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=62 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Balumani of ''Anna'' praised the acting, music, cinematography and praised director for giving a film for the betterment of society.<ref>{{Cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=16 October 1983 |title=ஒரு இந்திய கனவு |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_8_1/8.jp2/full/1000,1393/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924123850/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_8_1/8.jp2/full/1000,1393/0/default.jpg |archive-date=24 September 2024 |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=Anna |pages=8 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil}}

[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:1983 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals India

2026-03-01T05:55:10Z

Greyscaledesign: new bio!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{notability|Companies|date=December 2011}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2026}}
'''FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Ltd.''' (FAGMIL) is a [[public sector enterprise]] in [[India]] operating in the field of mining operations since 1952, supplying mineral [[Gypsum]].

FAGMIL was separated from the [[Fertilizer Corporation of India]] in February 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=Saurav |title=Govt gets dividend cheque of Rs 12.55 cr from FAGMIL |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/govt-gets-dividend-cheque-of-rs-12-55-cr-from-fagmil-11665474691012.html |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=Mint |date=11 October 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.fagmil.nic.in/index.php/en/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605030518/http://fagmil.nic.in/index.php/en |date=5 June 2017 }}
* [http://chemicals.nic.in/ Department of Chemicals & Fertilisers (India)]

{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}
{{Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mining companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Mining in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1952]]

Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)

2026-02-26T05:04:57Z

Greyscaledesign: add details also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Mughal prince (1657–1706)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Muhammad Akbar
| image = Muhhamad akbar.png
| title = [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] [[Mirza (noble)|Mirza]]<ref>[http://dawn.com/2011/01/02/past-present-emperors-new-names/ Mughal title ''Mirza''], the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers.</ref>
| caption = Prince Akbar holding a jewel, {{Circa|1677}}
| succession =
| reign =
| spouse = {{marriage|Salima Banu Begum |1672}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
*[[Neku Siyar]]
*Buland Akhtar
*Safiyat-un-Nissa Begum
*Zakiyat-un-Nissa Begum
*Raziyat-un-Nissa Begum}}
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]]
| father = [[Aurangzeb]]
| mother = [[Dilras Banu Begum]]
| birth_date = 11 September 1657
| birth_place = [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1706|3|31|1657|9|11|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mashad]], [[Persia]]
| burial_place = Mashad, Persia
| religion =
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]
| burial_date =
| full name = Mirza Muhammad Akbar
}}

'''Mirza Muhammad Akbar''' (11 September 1657 – 31 March 1706)<ref>According to ''Tarikh-i-Muhammadi'', his date of death is 31 March 1706 ([[William Irvine (historian)|Irvine, William]] (1922) ''Later Mughals'', Volume I, [[Jadunath Sarkar]] ed., Calcutta: M. C. Sarkar & Sons, p.1)</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince and the fourth son of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] and his chief consort [[Dilras Banu Begum]]. He went into exile in [[Safavid Iran|Safavid Persia]] after a failed rebellion against his father in the [[Deccan]].

He was the father of [[Neku Siyar]], a pretender to the Mughal throne for a few months in 1719.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Elliot|first1=Sir Henry Miers|title=Later Moghuls|date=1959|publisher=Susil Gupta (India) Private|page=97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9EmAQAAMAAJ&q=Neku+Siyar+akba|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==

Muhammad Akbar was born on 11 September 1657 in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] to [[Aurangzeb|Prince Muhiuddin]] (known as 'Aurangzeb' upon his accession) and his first wife and chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. His mother was a princess of the [[Safavid dynasty]], and daughter of [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi]], the [[viceroy]] of [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]]. Dilras died when Muhammad Akbar was only one month old.

Muhammad Akbar was brought up with special care and affection by his father and oldest sister, Princess [[Zeb-un-Nissa]] and Aurangzeb described him as his best-loved son in a letter to him, "God be my witness that I have loved you more than my other sons."<ref>{{cite book|last=Sir Jadunath Sarkar|title=Studies in Mughal India|year=1919|publisher=W. Heffer and Sons|pages=91}}</ref>

Muhammad Akbar's siblings included his older sisters, Zeb-un-Nissa, [[Zinat-un-Nissa]] and [[Zubdat-un-Nissa]] and his older brother, [[Muhammad Azam Shah]]. Like other Mughal princes, Muhammad Akbar administered various provinces and fought minor campaigns under the guidance of experienced officers. His first independent command was during Aurangzeb's war of the [[Kingdom of Marwar|Jodhpur]] succession.

==Family==
Akbar's first wife was Salima Banu Begum, the daughter of [[Sulaiman Shikoh]], and a granddaughter of [[Dara Shikoh]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Waldemar |title=The peacock throne : the drama of Mogul India. |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=812080225X |edition=1. Indian ed., repr. |location=Delhi |page=394}}</ref> She had been adopted and raised by [[Gauhar Ara Begum]]. The marriage took place in a mosque on 18 June 1672, and was conducted by the chief judge, Abdul Wahhab. A dowry of 500,000 rupees was agreed upon.<ref name="maasir">{{cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History of Emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 AD) of Saqi Mustad Khan|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta|year=1947|pages=73, 95}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarker|first1=Kobita|title=Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth : the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals|date=2007|publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Co.|location=Kolkata|isbn=9788170743002|page=142|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> She died in September–October 1702.<ref name="mirza">{{cite book|author=Mirza Mohammad bin Rustam|title=Tarikh-i-Muhammadi – Volume II|year=1960|publisher=Syed Noor-ul-Hassan|pages=19–20}}</ref> His second wife was the daughter of Allah Quli Khan, who was the son of Murad Quli Khan [[Gakhars|Ghakhar]]. The marriage took place on 1 September 1676.<ref name="maasir"/>

He had two sons, [[Neku Siyar]], who briefly became Mughal emperor in 1719, and Buland Akhtar, who died on 10 July 1706 at Deccan.<ref name="mirza"/> Akbar had three daughters. Two of his daughters, Raziyat-un-Nissa Begum and Zakiyat-un-Nissa Begum married [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] and [[Jahan Shah (Mughal prince)|Jahan Shah]], sons of [[Bahadur Shah I]] in 1695 in Agra, respectively.<ref>{{citation|title=The Later Mughals|authorlink=William Irvine (historian)|first=William|last=Irvine|date=2006 |isbn=81-7536-406-8|publisher=Low Price Publications|pages=146}}</ref> Akbar's third daughter, Safiyat-un-Nissa, accompanied her father to Rajputana in 1681, following his rebellion against Aurangzeb. They were given refuge by Durgadas Rathore of Marwar. After Akbar was exiled to Persia in 1686, Safiyat-un-Nissa remained in the care of Durgadas. Her grandfather made efforts to bring her back, initiating negotiations in both 1692 and 1694. The second attempt proved successful, and in 1696 she was escorted back to the Mughal court by Ishwardas. She had committed the Qur’an to memory and died of a fever on 1 July 1699. She was buried at Mangalvire, north of Bijapur, in a tomb constructed for her at the cost of 420 rupees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98678/page/n238/mode/1up|title=History of Aurangzib|publisher=M. C. Sarkar & Sons|year=1952|pages=226–229|edition=2|volume=V|location=Calcutta|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar}}</ref>

==Rajput rebellion==
Maharaja [[Jaswant Singh of Marwar|Jaswant Singh]], of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]], was a high-ranking Mughal officer who died at his post on the [[Khyber Pass]] on 10 December 1678 without leaving a male issue; two of his wives were pregnant at the time of his death, leaving his succession unclear. On learning of his death, Aurangzeb, immediately dispatched a large army on 9 January 1679 to occupy [[Jodhpur]]. One of the divisions of this army was commanded by Muhammad Akbar.

The occupation of Jodhpur was ostensibly to secure the succession for any male infant born to Jaswant's pregnant widows. Aurangzeb declared that such rightful heir would be invested with his patrimony upon coming of age. However, relations between Jaswant Singh and Aurangzeb had not been good, and it was feared that Aurangzeb would annex the state on this pretext. Indeed, incumbent Marwari officers were replaced by Mughals. After effectively annexing the largest Hindu state in [[northern India]], Aurangzeb reimposed the ''[[jaziya]]'' tax on its non-Muslim population on 2 April 1679

One of Jaswant's pregnant wives, Rani Jadav Jaskumvar, delivered a son, [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]]. Officers loyal to Jaswant Singh brought his family back to Jodhpur and rallied the clan to the standards of the infant. The [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] Rajputs of Jodhpur forged an alliance with the neighboring [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]] Rajputs of [[Kingdom of Mewar|Mewar]]. [[Raj Singh I]] withdrew his army to the western portion of his kingdom, marked by the rugged [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli Hills]] and secured by numerous hill-forts, triggering the [[Rajput War (1679–1707)|Rajput rebellion]]. From their positions, the smaller but faster Rajput cavalry units could surprise the Mughal outposts in the plains, loot their supply trains, and bypass their camps to ravage neighbouring Mughal provinces.

In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. [[Niccolao Manucci]], an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "''for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom.''" Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons Muhammad Akbar, [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]] and [[Bahadur Shah I|Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam]], penetrated the [[Aravalli Range|Aravallis]] from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and both Azam Shah and Mirza Muhammad Muaazzam were defeated by the Rajputs and retreated.<ref>Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci</ref>

==Rebellion against Aurangzeb==
Muhammad Akbar and his general Tahawwur Khan had been instructed to try to bribe the Rajput nobles to the Mughal side, but in these attempts, they themselves were ensnared by the Rajputs. The Rajputs incited Muhammad Akbar to rebel against his father and offered all support. They pointed out to him that Aurangzeb's attempt to annex the Rajput states was disturbing the stability of the sub-continent. They also reminded him that the open bigotry displayed by Aurangzeb in reimposing ''jaziya'' and demolishing temples. According to Bhimsen, he is also supposed to have written to his father:

<Blockquote>''On the Hindu community [firqa] two calamities have descended, the exaction of [[Jizya]] in the towns and the oppression of the enemy in the countryside.''<ref>{{Citation|work=Xenophobia in the Seventeenth-century India|editor-last1=Kruijtzer|editor-first1=Gjis|page=200|url=https://archive.org/details/xenophobia-in-seventeenth-century-india-pdfdrive-2022-03-12-t-164521.205/page/200/mode/1up?view=theater|publisher=Leiden University press|year=2009|title=''Muhammmad Akbar''|isbn=978-9087280680}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Muhammad Akbar declared himself emperor, issued a manifesto deposing his father, and marched towards Ajmer to fight him.

As the commander of a Mughal division, Akbar had a force of 12,000 cavalry with supporting infantry and artillery. Maharana [[Amar Singh II]] of Mewar added 6,000 Rajput cavalry, half his own army. As this combined army crossed Marwar, numerous war-bands of Rathores joined up and increased its strength to 25,000 cavalry. Meanwhile, various Mughal divisions deployed around the Aravallis had been racing to come to Aurangzeb's aid. Aurangzeb however resorted to threats and treachery: he sent a letter to Tahawwur Khan promising to pardon him but also threatening to have his family publicly dishonored by camp ruffians if he refused to submit. Tahawwur Khan secretly came over to meet Aurangzeb but was killed in a scuffle at the entrance to Aurangzeb's tent.

Aurangzeb then wrote a false letter to Muhammad Akbar and arranged it such that the letter was intercepted by the Rajputs.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=190}}</ref> In this letter, Aurangzeb congratulated his son for finally bringing the Rajput guerillas out in the open where they could be crushed by father and son together. The Rajput commanders suspected this letter to be false but took it to Muhammad Akbar's camp for an explanation. Here they discovered that Tahawwur Khan had disappeared. Suspecting the worst, the Rajputs departed in the middle of the night. The next morning, Akbar woke to find his chief adviser and his allies gone and his own soldiers deserting by the hour to Aurangzeb. Muhammad Akbar avoided the near-certain prospect of war and defeat to his father by hastily departing the camp with a few close followers. He caught up with the Rajput commanders and mutual explanations followed.

==Exile with Marathas and in Persia==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
Seeing that Muhammad Akbar had attempted no treachery and that he could be useful, the Rathore leader [[Durgadas Rathore]] took Akbar to the court of the [[Sambhaji]], seeking support for the project of placing him on the throne of Delhi. Muhammad Akbar stayed with Sambhaji for five years, hoping to be lent men and money to seize the Mughal throne. Sambhaji was occupied by wars against the [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]]; [[Chikka Devaraja]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]; the [[Maratha–Portuguese War (1683–1684)|Portuguese in Goa]]; and Aurangzeb [[Mughal–Maratha Wars|himself]].

In September 1686, Sambhaji sent Muhammad Akbar into exile in Persia. Muhammad Akbar was said to pray daily for the early death of his father, hoping that would give him another chance to seize the Mughal throne for himself. On hearing of this, Aurangzeb is said to have remarked, "Let us see who dies first. He or I!" Muhammad Akbar died in 1706, one year before his father, in the town of [[Mashhad]].

Two of Muhammad Akbar's children, brought up by the Rajputs, were handed over to Aurganzeb as a result of peace negotiations. Muhammad Akbar's daughter Safiyat-un-nissa was sent to her grandfather in 1696 and his son Buland Akhtar was returned in 1698. The latter, when presented in court, shocked the emperor and nobles by speaking fluently in the Rajasthani language.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; color:black;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; color:black;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; color:black;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; color:black;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; color:black;
|1= 1. '''Muhammad Akbar'''
|2= 2. [[Aurangzeb|Muhi-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor]]
|3= 3. [[Dilras Banu Begum]]
|4= 4. [[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor]]
|5= 5. [[Mumtaz Mahal]]
|6= 6. [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi]]
|7= 7. Nauras Banu Begum
|8= 8. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]]
|9= 9. [[Jagat Gosain]]
|10= 10. [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]
|11= 11. Diwanji Begum
|12= 12. Mirza Rustam [[Safavid dynasty|Safawi]]
|13=
|14= 14. Mirza Muhammad Sharif
|15=
|16= 16. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]]
|17= 17. [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]
|18= 18. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]
|19=19. Manrang Devi of [[Gwalior]]
|20= 20. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]] (= 28)
|21= 21. [[Asmat Begam]] (= 29)
|22=22. Ghias ud-din ‘Ali Asaf Khan
|23=
|24=24. Sultan Hussain [[Safavid dynasty|Safawi]]
|25=
|26=
|27=
|28= 28. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]] (= 20)
|29= 29. [[Asmat Begam]] (= 21)}}

==Legacy==
In the words of [[Sir Jadunath Sarkar]]:
{{blockquote|The rebellion of Prince Akbar, though it was fostered by the Rajputs and originated, grew to fullness, and expired in Northern India, changed the history of the Deccan and hastened the fate of the Mughal Empire as well. His flight to Shambhuji raised a danger to the throne of Delhi which could be met only by Aurangzib's personal appearance in the south.

But for this alliance, the Emperor would have left Bijapur and Golconda to be occasionally threatened and fleeced by his generals, while the Maratha king would have been tolerated as a necessary evil and even as a thorn in the side of Bijapur.

But Akbar's flight to the Deccan forced a complete change of the imperial policy in that quarter. The first task of Aurangzeb now was to crush the power of Shambhuji and render Akbar impotent for mischief. For this he patched up a peace with the Maharana (June 1681) and left for the Deccan to direct the operations of his army.}}

He was portrayed by [[Neil Bhoopalam]] in the 2025 Hindi film ''[[Chhaava]]''.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Jadunath Sarkar, ''History of Aurangzeb'', Vols. 3&4.
*Manucci, ''Storia do Mogor''.

==External links==
*[http://www.uq.net.au/%7Ezzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Family sketch]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Akbar, Sultan}}
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:1657 births]]
[[Category:1704 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aurangabad]]
[[Category:Burials at Imam Reza Shrine]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Rebel princes]]

Indrayani Express

2026-02-25T16:30:45Z

Greyscaledesign: minor enhance citations per standard format and fixed typos

{{Italic title}}
{{Short description|Intercity train in India}}
{{moresources|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (Mumbai CSMT) - Pune Indrayani Superfast Express
| image= 22106 Indrayani Express.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]]
| first = 27 April 1988
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Mumbai CSMT]]
| stops = 6 as 22105 Indrayani Express, 5 as 22106 Indrayani Express
| end = [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune]]
| distance = {{convert|192|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3 hours 28 minutes as 22105 Indrayani Express, 3 hours 20 minutes as 22106 Indrayani Express
| frequency = daily
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Class sitting
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No Pantry Car
| observation = Rake Sharing with 12169/70 [[Pune Solapur Intercity Express]]
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities=
| stock = LHB Rake
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 22105 / 22106
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum {{convert|56.47|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
{{routemap|inline=1|map=
ENDEa~~[[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|Mumbai CSMT]]
HST~~{{rws|Dadar}}
HST~~{{rws|Thane}}
hKRZWae~~Thane Viaduct ([[Thane Creek]])
TUNNEL1~~[[Parsik tunnel]]
HST~~{{rws|Kalyan Junction}}
HST~~{{rws|Karjat}}
STR+GRZq~~[[Bhor Ghat|Bhor Ghat Begins]]
pHST~~ ~~{{rws|Monkey Hill}}~~(''Technical Halt towards Mumbai CST'')
TUNNEL1~~Khandala Tunnel
STR+GRZq~~[[Bhor Ghat|Bhor Ghat Ends]]
BHF~~{{rws|Lonavala}}
HST~~{{rws|Shivaji Nagar}} (''Towards Pune Junction'')
KBHFe~~{{rws|Pune Junction}}
}}
| map_state = Maharashtra
}}

'''Indrayani Express,''' with train numbers 22105 and 22106, is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast]] express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between [[Mumbai CSMT]] and [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]] in India.

It is a daily service and is named after the river [[Indrayani River|Indrayani]], a culturally significant river that flows through Pune district.

==History==

The train earlier numbered as 1021 while running from Mumbai to Pune and 1022 from Pune to Mumbai, has now been upgraded to [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast]] and renumbered as 22105 (Mumbai CSMT - Pune Junction) and 22106 (Pune Junction - Mumbai CSMT).

The train had white and royal blue livery with red bands. On 2 February 2020 it was upgraded to LHB coaches.

==Coaches==

Indrayani Express has 16 LHB coaches, and the composition is as follows:

* 2 AC Chair Car
* 7 Second Seating
* 2 Unreserved MST Pass holder coaches
* 3 Unreserved General Second Class
* 1 Ladies Unreserved, Divyangjan and Brake Van
* 1 Generator Luggage and Brake Van

This train shares its rake with the [[Pune Solapur Intercity Express]], and operational control is with Central Railways.

==Service==

The Indrayani Express was introduced on 27 April 1988 and is one of six dedicated Intercity Chair Car trains between [[Mumbai CSMT]] and [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]]. The other five trains are 12127/28 [[Mumbai Pune Intercity Express]], 11007/08 [[Deccan Express]], 11009/10 [[Sinhagad Express]], 12125/26 [[Pragati Express]] and 12123/24 [[Deccan Queen]].

It covers the distance of 192 kilometres in 3 hours 25 mins as 22105 Indrayani Express (55.38 km/h) and 3 hours 20 mins as 22106 Indrayani Express (57.60 km/h).

It halts as 22105 at Dadar, Thane, Kalyan, Karjat, Lonavala, Shivaji Nagar and Pune. In the return service as 22106, it halts at Lonavala, Karjat, Kalyan, Thane, Dadar and Mumbai CSMT.
{{Stack|
[[File:22106 Indrayani Express at Pune Junction.jpg|thumb|22106 Indrayani Express at Pune Junction]]
[[File:22106 Indrayani Express - 2nd Class seating.jpg|thumb|22106 Indrayani Express - 2nd Class seating]]
[[File:22106 Indrayani Express - AC Chair Coach.jpg|thumb|22106 Indrayani Express - AC Chair Coach]]
}}

==Traction==

Since March 2022, as the route is electrified, it is currently hauled by [[WAP-7]] pure AC locomotive of the [[Electric Loco Shed, Kalyan|Kalyan shed]]. From November 2009 till March 2022, it was hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]] or [[WDP 4]], to save time in locomotive change, due to the rake sharing with [[Pune Solapur Intercity Express]], as the route after [[Daund Junction railway station|Daund Junction]] was not electrified.

When the train was introduced back in 1988, it was hauled by WCM 1/2/5 DC locomotives till the mid-1990s as the section between [[Mumbai CSMT]] and [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune]] was under 1500 V DC traction. From the mid-1990s, it was hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WCAM 2/2P|WCAM 2/2P]] or [[Indian locomotive class WCAM 3|WCAM 3]] dual traction locomotives of the [[Kalyan Junction railway station|Kalyan]] shed till November 2009, when the rake sharing was initiated.

At [[Karjat railway station|Karjat]], it gets two or three [[WAG-5]], [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]], [[WCAM-2]] or [[Indian locomotive class WCAM 3|WCAM 3]] bankers of Kalyan shed to push the train on the ghat section between [[Karjat railway station]] and [[Lonavala railway station]], where the gradient is of 1 in 37.

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], all passenger trains of [[Indian Railways]] were suspended for operating from 24 March 2020 due to [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|lockdown]]. Indrayani Express resumed its operations from 9 October 2020. However, this time train used to be hauled by [[WAP-7]] Electric Locomotive since its rake sharing train [[Pune-Solapur Intercity Express]] was not permitted to resume operation.

==Time table==

The Indrayani Express is the first of six dedicated trains to leave [[Mumbai CSMT]] for [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]] and is the last train to return.

22105 Indrayani Express leaves [[Mumbai CSMT]] every day at 05:40 hrs IST and reaches [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]] at 09:05 hrs IST.

On return, the 22106 Indrayani Express leaves [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]] every day at 18:35 hrs IST and reaches [[Mumbai CSMT]] at 21:55 hrs IST.

== Sister trains ==
* [[Dedicated Intercity trains of India|Dedicated Mumbai-Pune Intercity trains]]:
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Via Kalyan'''
!'''Via Panvel'''
!'''Defunct'''
|-
| [[Deccan Express]]
|rowspan=9| [[Pragati Express]]
| [[Mumbai–Pune Mail|Pune Mail]]
|-
| [[Mumbai–Pune Intercity Express]]
| [[Mumbai–Pune Shatabdi Express]]
|-
| [[Deccan Queen]]
| [[Mumbai-Pune Passenger]]
|-
| [[Sinhagad Express]]
| [[Pune-Mumbai Passenger]]
|-
|rowspan=2|
| [[Mumbai-Pune Janta Express]]
|-
| [[Bombay-Poona Express]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Pune Solapur Intercity Express|Pune-Solapur Intercity (Indrayani) Express]] (Rake sharing)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Dedicated Intercity trains of India]]

{{Mumbai-Pune Trains}}
{{Railways in Central India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indrayani Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mumbai–Pune trains]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1988]]

Fort Jadhavgadh

2026-02-25T16:24:47Z

Greyscaledesign: new new article!

{{Short description|Fort in Pune District of Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Fort Jadhavgarh Pune.jpg|thumb|Fort Jadhavgarh, Pune]]
'''Fort Jadhavgarh''' is an 18th century fort, located in [[Pune]], India.{{sfn|Gunaji|2010|p=10}} It was called Jadhavgadi, a mini fort built in 40 acre land three hundred years ago by Pilaji Jadhav a Maratha Lieutenant of Peshwa, Balaji Rao, in Pune, India<ref>Gunaji, M. (2010). ''Mystical, Magical Maharashtra''. Popular Prakashan.p.106. {{ISBN|9788179914458}}</ref>

In 2007, the Jadhav Family handed over the remains of Fort Jadhavgadh, a seven storey Mughal style structure with two underground, now spread over only 4.5 acres<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Gunaji
| first = M.
| year = 2010
| title = Mystical, Magical Maharashtra
| publisher = Popular Prakashan
| isbn = 9788179914458
| ref={{SfnRef|Gunaji|2010}}
}}
</ref> to Khil in 2007 for restoration and development.<ref>Rothman, R. M. (2017). ''Master Opportunity And Make It Big''. Jaico Publishing House.Chapter5. {{ISBN|9789386348951}}</ref> Since then, the group with focus on ecology has redeveloped the historic site into a heritage and luxury retreat.<ref name="auto1">Naik, S. (2023). ''ME''. Blue Rose Publishers.p.134. {{ISBN|9789354726156}}</ref> Hundreds of travellers can be seen enjoying modern hospitality with a historical experience year after year.<ref name="auto1"/> The fort located in Pune District of India has now become a heritage destination<ref>Gunaji, M. (2010). ''Mystical, Magical Maharashtra''. Popular Prakashan.p.72, {{ISBN|9788179914458}}</ref> for history enthusiasts and tourists alike.

== History ==
A conservationist pointed out that the fort was a fortified residence of Pilaji who lived in the times of Shahu Maharaj,<ref>Narkhede, Dr-Parag & Morris, Ms. (2011). ''Conservation of Forts In Maharashtra Through Appropriate Tourism Development Policy''.p 16-22</ref> the grandson of Chhatrapati Shivaji.The Fort displays Maratha craftsmanship of the period.<ref>Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1969). ''The Mughul Empire, 1526-1803 A.D.'' New Delhi, India, Asia: S. L. Agarwala. pp. 368</ref> after handover by the descendants of the Pilaji Jadhavrao.

== Architecture ==
[[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] legacy is best represented for the connoisseurs of history through architecture. The current management has taken due care to maintain sanctity of the original structures: Pilaji Darwaza,<ref>Forbes, D. (1866). ''A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied By A Reversed Dictionary.'' London, UK: W.H. Allen & Companyp.82. {{ISBN|9333372164}}</ref> door named in the name of Pilaji [[The Great Maratha|the great Maratha]],<ref>Pawar, A. G., & Pagdi, S. R. (Eds.). (1971). ''Studies In Maratha History (Vol. 2)''. Kolhapur, India: Shivaji University Publication.p.113/114.ASIN : B0000D5JK2</ref> Maha Darwaza, (the main entrance to the fort),<ref>Mate, M. S. (1959). ''Maratha Architecture, 1650 A.D. to 1850 A.D.'' Pune, India: University of Poona.p.68</ref> the doors faces the easternly direction, Gadhicha Darwaza (gad means Fort is [[Marathi language]] ,<ref>Gāḍagīḷa, N. V. (1968). ''Government From Inside.'' Pune, India: Meenakshi Prakashan.p.72</ref> fort door used for military purposes), Kund Darwaza, and Purandar<ref name="auto">Gordon, S. (1993). ''The Marathas, 1600–1818 (Vol. 4).'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.p.62. {{ISBN|0511468741}}</ref> darwaja (door facing the [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] Fort). Maratha used wood work to decorate these doors based on the location of hills.<ref name="auto"/> Each offers the glimpse of remarkable Indian history and the Maratha Empire's influence.<ref>Michell, G., & Zebrowski, M. (1999). ''Architecture And Art of The Deccan Sultanates (Vol. 7).'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.p.134. {{ISBN|0-521-56321-6}}</ref>

The now has been converted into a holiday destination.<ref name=FH /> The sturdy fortress ad-measuring 25 acres was remade into a classical resort by an entrepreneur Vithal K.<ref>Gunaji, M. (2010). ''Mystical, Magical Maharashtra''. Popular Prakashan. {{ISBN|9788179914458}}</ref>
The architecture of Fort Jadhavgadh symbolises the mixture of historical and traditional elements. The fort includes cannons, dungeons, gun holes, secret passages, and escape routes.<ref name=FH>{{cite news | last=Deokar | first=R. | date=16 June 2016 | title=Fortifying History | newspaper=Mumbai Mirror | url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/fortifying-history/articleshow/16012517.cms}}</ref>

As you enter the fort, you encounter massive staircase of stone.<ref>Raeside, I. (1978). ''A Note On the “Twelve Mavals” of Poona District.'' Modern Asian Studies, 12(3), 393–417. http://www.jstor.org/stable/312227</ref>
The refurbished fort areas have continued to be named as in the 18th Century: Kund (place for swimming), [[Chhajja]], ( place for dining ), and Kholis, ( rooms for visitors). Additionally, Prangan, Panchayat, and Gurukul serve as public spaces,<ref>Jain, S., & Hooja, R. (Eds.). (2021). ''Strongholds of Western India: The Forts of Maharashtra''. Om Publications. {{ISBN|9788173056130}}.</ref> highlighting the fort's political significance.

As one enters the fort, one witnesses traditional practices such as Mavala.<ref>Deshpande, R. (2008). ''Fort Jadhavgadh: A Symbol of Maratha Heritage.'' Heritage Publishers</ref> (Maratha soldiers) dotting the landscape, and the traditional Indian musical instrument, [[Tutari (Trumpet)|tutari]] is played to create classical ambience. The managerial staff wears traditional [[Marathi people|Marathi]] attire, including the [[dhoti]] and nine-yard [[Sari|saree]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/cultural-history-of-maratha-rulers/article2230013.ece | title=Cultural history of Maratha rulers | work=The Hindu | date=15 July 2011 }}</ref>

==Location==

Jadhav Wadi, Hadapsar [[Saswad]] Road, [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India

==Further reading==
* Lonely Planet India (2019). Guidebook on heritage sites and historical accommodations in India.
* The Hindu Travel & Lifestyle (2022). Article on heritage hotels and the significance of Maratha forts in Maharashtra.
* Outlook Traveller. Coverage of heritage hotels in Maharashtra and unique accommodation options at Fort JadhavGADH.
* TripAdvisor. Visitor reviews on Fort JadhavGADH’s tent accommodations and historical ambiance.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18.395|74.003|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Pune]]
[[Category:Forts in Pune district|Jadhavgadh]]

Srinivasan Sampath

2026-02-24T16:56:58Z

Greyscaledesign:

{{Short description|Indian electrochemist, nanotechnologist and professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Srinivasan Sampath
| image = Srinivasan Sampath.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Srinivasan Sampath in 2006
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1961|5|25}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Electrochemistry]] | [[Nanomaterials]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Electrochemicail energy storage]] and nanomaterials
| awards = {{ublist | 2005 [[Chemical Research Society of India|CRSI]] Bronze and Silver Medals | 2006 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Srinivasan Sampath''' (born 1961) is a Physical Chemist specializing in the area of Electrochemistry - surfaces and interfaces. He is a senior professor at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry at [[Indian Institute of Science]].<ref name="Home Page">{{Cite web |url=http://ipc.iisc.ernet.in/~sampath/new/home.html |title=Home Page |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220053316/http://ipc.iisc.ernet.in/~sampath/new/home.html |archivedate=2016-12-20 }}</ref> His work involves understanding interfacial properties related to various energy systems - Batteries, fuel cells and [[supercapacitors]] and sensors.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=29 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> He is an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="Fellow profile"> (IASc) {{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sampath,_Prof._Srinivasan |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>, [[Indian National Science Academy]]<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P15-1697 |title=Indian fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref>, Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2006, for his contributions to chemical sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Srinivasan Sampath, born on 25 February 1961, is a Professor at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry of the [[Indian Institute of Science]] where he is involved in research on interfacial properties of materials and surfaces.<ref name="Home Page" /> His work involves understanding various interfaces involving solid-liquid; solid-solid and liquid like-liquid interfaces using electrochemistry, spectroscopy and microscopy. His group carries out in situ (operando) spectroelectrochemistry (Raman-; IR- electrochemistry) and in situ X ray diffraction coupled with electrochemistry to understand electrochemical reactions at electrode-electrolyte interfaces. <ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> He has documented his research in several peer-reviewed articles (230 peer reviewed papers); the online article repository has listed 78 of them.<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Sampath=3ASrinivasan=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> He received the Bronze and Silver Medals of the [[Chemical Research Society of India]] in 2005<ref name="CRSI Bronze Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.crsi.org.in/index.php/crsi-awards/year-1999-2008 |title=CRSI Bronze Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Chemical Research Society of India}}</ref> and Material Research Society of India (MRSI) medal.

== See also ==
* [[Supercapacitors]]
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sampath, Srinivasan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Electrochemists]]
[[Category:Indian nanotechnologists]]

Mir Mu'min Astarabadi

2026-02-20T15:10:21Z

Greyscaledesign: Started some info from scratch

{{Short description|16th-century Iran-born Indian statesman}}
{{Infobox noble
| name = Mir Muhammad Muʼmin Astarabadi
| succession = [[Peshwa]] of the [[Golconda Sultanate]]
| CoA =
| tenure = 1585–1625
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_place = [[Gorgan|Astarabad]], [[Safavid Empire]]
| death_date = 1625
| death_place = [[Golconda Sultanate]]
| burial_place = [[Daira Mir Momin]]
}}
'''Mir Muhammad Muʼmin Astarabadi''' was a scholar and statesman who served as the ''Peshwa'' (Prime Minister) of the [[Golconda Sultanate]].

== Biography ==
Mir Mu'min was born in a [[Sayyid]] family in [[Gorgan|Astarabad]]. He was appointed the tutor of [[Haydar Mirza Safavi]] by Shah [[Tahmasp I]]. Following the death of his protege Haydar in 1576, during the tumultuous period that ensued Mir emigrated from Iran, seeking safer environs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ruffle |first=Karen |date=2020 |title=Making Shiʿism an Indian Religion: A Perspective from the Qutb Shahi Deccan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/reorient.5.2.0287 |journal=ReOrient |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.13169/reorient.5.2.0287 |jstor=10.13169/reorient.5.2.0287 |issn=2055-5601|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[Emigration of Iranians to India during the 16-18th centuries|After arriving in Golconda]], he spent the first few years away from matters of the court, concerning himself with scholarly and religious activities. He was appointed the Peshwa in 993 [[Hijri year|Hijri]] (1585 CE) or some time before. He would serve in this office for over forty years, until his death in about 1625.{{Sfn|Zore|1941|p=31}} He played a major role in the design of the new city of [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0" />

The exact date of his date is not known, and various dates are mentioned by sources. However, it is known that he had died shortly before the death of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]], whose date of death is known as 9 February 1626.{{Sfn|Zore|1941|p=175}} He was buried in [[Daira Mir Momin]], in the mausoleum that he had constructed for himself within his lifetime, and in which his son was already interred.{{Sfn|Zore|1941|p=180}} His [[Urs]] is celebrated every year in the month of [[Sha'ban]].{{Sfn|Zore|1941|p=182}}

== Literary works ==
Mir Mu'min wrote poetry in Persian. Apart from poetry, his major work was the ''Risala-i-Miqdariyah'', which was a scientific treatise dealing with the measurement of length, weight, and distance. The ''Kitab-i-Raj’at'', on the traditions of the prophet was also written by him.<ref name="Sherwani 1974">{{Cite book |last=Sherwani |first=Haroon Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoYgAAAAMAAJ |title=History of the Qutb Shāhī Dynasty |date=1974 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |pages=365–366, 402–405 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Weinstein |first=Laura S. |date=2011 |title=Variations on a Persian Theme: Adaptation and Innovation in Early Manuscripts from Golconda |journal= |publisher=Columbia University |pages=15 |doi=10.7916/D8R217Q7|s2cid=191230615 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Zore |first=Syed Mohiuddin Qadri |author-link=Mohiuddin Qadri Zore |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/meer-mohammad-momin-hayat-aur-karname-syed-muhiuddin-qadri-zor-ebooks |title= |year=1941 |location=Hyderabad |script-title=ur: میر محمّد مومن: حیات اور کارنامے |trans-title=Mir Muhammad Muʼmin: Life and Achievements}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Iranian scholars]]
[[Category:17th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:17th-century Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the Sultanate of Golconda]]
[[Category:17th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:1625 deaths]]

Brojendragee Luhongba

2026-02-20T13:46:13Z

Greyscaledesign: new data!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brojendragee Luhongba
| image = File:Brojendrogee_Luhongba,_Manipuri_Film_Poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = S.N. Chand
| producer = S.N. Chand
| writer =
| screenplay = S.N. Chand
| story = Dr. Lamabam Kamal
| starring = S.N. Chand Ramola Devi
| music = S.N. Chand
| cinematography = Anil Gupta
| editing = Rash Bihari Sinha
| studio = Sajatia Pictures<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/02.09.2018-B7.pdf|title= মণিপুরী ফিল্মগী লাইরিক — 'সাজাটিয়া ফিল্মস বেন্নর' মখাদা পুথোকখিবা 'ব্রোজেন্দ্রগী লুহোংবা'|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}}</ref>
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1973|01|26|df=yes}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Meitei language|Meiteilon]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
}}
{{Contains special characters}}
'''''Brojendragee Luhongba'''''{{efn|Since [[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]) uses Bengali script, the Bengali transliteration of the name of the film is rendered into two spellings, either "ব্রোজেন্দ্রগী লুহোংবা" ("Brojendragee Luhongba") or "ব্রোজেন্দ্রোগী লুহোংবা" ("Brojendrogee Luhongba") having different pronunciations in Meitei-language reading style, but the two spellings are pronounced similarly in case of Bengali language reading style.}} ({{Translation|Brojendra's Marriage|i=yes}}{{efn|"Luhongba" means "marriage" or "wedding" in [[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]])<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ramachandran |first1=T. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9rthUDKxyEC&q=Brojendrogee+Luhongba |title=70 Years of Indian Cinema, 1913-1983 |last2=Rukmini |first2=S. |date=1985 |publisher=CINEMA India-International |isbn=978-0-86132-090-5 |pages=421 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Luhongba |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=luhongba&matchtype=default |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref>}}) is a 1973 black and white [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri film]] produced and directed by S.N. Chand (Sapam Nodia Chand), the first filmmaker of Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/17.04.2019-B6.pdf|title=১২শুবা মণিপুর ষ্টেট ফিল্ম এৱার্দ ২০১৯ — ব্রোজেন্দ্রোগী লুহোংবা|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/04.02.2018-B7.pdf|title=মণিপুরী সিনেমাদা ওইনাম বিরমঙ্গল — ব্রোজেন্দ্রগী লুহোংবা|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e-pao.org/erang/Reviews/Milestones_Of_Manipuri_Film_Public_Convention_on_Film_and_Television.php|title=Milestones Of Manipuri Film|author=Public Convention on Film & Television|access-date=2 May 2022|website=e-pao.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/OXQ/info|title=Brojendro Gee Luhongba - IndianCine|access-date=2 May 2022|website=indiancine.ma}}</ref> It stars S.N. Chand and Y. [[Ramola Devi]] in lead roles.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themorningbell.in/mou-puts-state-ahead-in-film-heritage-preservation/|title=MoU puts State ahead in film heritage preservation|access-date=2 May 2022|website=themorningbell.in}}</ref> It is based on Lamabam Kamal's short story of the same title. S.N. Chand underwent cosmetic surgery for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/30.07.2019-B6.pdf|title=মোলিক্যুলগা থেংনরুবা মিৎকুপ্তা — ব্রোজেন্দ্রোগী লুহোংবা|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/4/27/Meghachandra-Kongbam-He-sold-his-own-saleable-properties-and-even-mortgaged-his-homestead-property.html|title=SN Chand : The father of Manipuri cinema|author=Meghachandra Kongbam|access-date=2 May 2022|newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in 1971 and the film got CBFC certification on 30 December 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communicationtoday.net/2014/03/31/manipuri-cinema-multiple-facets/|title=Manipuri Cinema : Multiple Facets|author=Meghachandra Kongbam|access-date=2 May 2022|website=communicationtoday.net}}</ref> The movie was released at Usha Cinema, Paona Bazar on 26 January 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenestories.com/fifty-years-of-mami-numit-a-film-archive-and-museum-celebrates-manipuri-cinemas-golden-jubilee/|title=Fifty years of Mami Numit – A film archive and museum celebrates Manipuri cinema's golden jubilee|author=Ninglun Hanghal
|access-date=2 May 2022|website=www.thenestories.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esamskriti.com/sa/Life/50-years-of-Manipuri-Cinema-1972~2022-1.aspx|title=50 years of Manipuri Cinema 1972-2022|author=Rajkumar Sanatomba Singh|access-date=2 May 2022|website=www.esamskriti.com}}</ref> The digitalised version (4K) of the film was screened at MSFDS (Manipur State Film Development Society), Imphal on 29 April 2022 as a part of the Golden Jubilee Celebration of Manipuri Cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/4/30/IMPHAL-Apr-30-The-valedictory-function-of-the-yearlong-golden-jubilee-celebration-of-Manipuri-Cin.amp.html|title=Golden jubilee celebration of Manipuri Cinema ends|access-date=2 May 2022|newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/movies/digital-version-of-first-feature-film-directed-by-manipuri-brojendra-gee-luhongba-screened|title=Digital version of first feature film directed by Manipuri - 'Brojendra gee Luhongba' - screened|access-date=2 May 2022|newspaper=Imphal Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themorningbell.in/governor-to-present-state-film-awards-on-mami-numit/|title=Birth of Manipuri cinema to be commemorated today|access-date=2 May 2022|website=themorningbell.in}}</ref>

In the story, Dr. Kamal reflects the mode of marriage prevalent in the [[Manipuri people|Manipuri society]] during his days. During marriage decisions, parents of both sides hold supreme authorities to the engaged bride and the engaged groom. Neither of the wedding partners could utter anything about the marriage.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Lamabam Damodar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouEZEOAusv4C&q=Brojendragi%20Luhongba&pg=PA56 |title=L. Kamal Singh |date=2000 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0856-8 |pages=56 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Brojendra, a doctor, agrees to marry a girl of his mother's choice being an obedient son. But he refuses to look at her face, even after marriage.<ref name="auto"/>

At a musical performance in his locality, days after his marriage, he chances upon a beautiful girl and exchanges meaningful glances with her. He returns home guilt-ridden for having neglected the girl whom he married and committing the wrongful act of giving undue attention to another girl, who was a complete stranger.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Lamabam Damodar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouEZEOAusv4C&q=Brojendragi%20Luhongba&pg=PA57 |title=L. Kamal Singh |date=2000 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0856-8 |pages=57 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Lamabam Damodar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouEZEOAusv4C&q=Brojendragi%20Luhongba&pg=PA58 |title=L. Kamal Singh |date=2000 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0856-8 |pages=58 |language=en}}</ref>

A surprise awaits him at his house. The beautiful girl who has swept him off his feet turns out to be none other than his wife.<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Lamabam Damodar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouEZEOAusv4C&q=Brojendragi%20Luhongba&pg=PA59 |title=L. Kamal Singh |date=2000 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0856-8 |pages=59 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* S.N. Chand as Brojendra
* Y. Ramola Devi as Malti
* [[Oinam Biramangol]] as Brojendra's maternal uncle
* Uma Hijam
* Indu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/31.07.2016-B7.pdf|title= আর্টকী মতিক ময়াই অসিদী সক ফজৈ হায়দুনা য়াবা নৎতে : হৈস্নাম ওংবী ইন্দু — সেলুলোইদ ফিল্ম ব্রোজেন্দ্রোগী লুহোংবা |website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}}</ref>
* Nabakanta

==Accolades==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Winner's name
|-
| 1st Manipur State Film Awards 1984
| Best Screenplay
| Sapam Nodia Chand (S.N. Chand)
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Meitei-language films]]
== Footnotes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Citation |title=Brojendragee Luhongba (1972) - KLMDb |url=https://klmdb.com/title/0000040 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-09}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Movies/OldMovie2012_2|title='Brojendrogi Luhongba ' - Manipuri Movie :: eRang Classic|access-date=2 May 2022|website=www.e-pao.net}}

[[Category:1973 films]]
[[Category:Meitei-language films]]
[[Category:1973 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Rediscovered Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s rediscovered films]]

Adosh Kumar

2026-02-20T03:59:44Z

Greyscaledesign: stub.

{{Short description|Indian Army general}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General]]
| name = Adosh Kumar
| honorific_suffix = [[PVSM]]&ensp;[[AVSM]]&ensp;[[Sena Medal|SM]]
| image = File:Lieutenant General Adosh Kumar.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption = Lieutenant General Adosh Kumar
| allegiance = [[India]]
| branch = [[Indian Army]]
| serviceyears = 1986 — present
| rank = [[Lieutenant General]]
| unit = [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]
| commands =
| awards = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Sena Medal]]
}}
'''Adosh Kumar''' is a serving [[three star general]] of the [[Indian Army]], who is the incumbent [[Director General]] of [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-09-20 |title=Non-contact warfare new normal, India must stay ahead of curve: Lt Gen Adosh Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/non-contact-warfare-new-normal-india-must-stay-ahead-of-curve-lt-gen-adosh-kumar/article70072725.ece |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Education==
Kumar had attended the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]. He has done M.Sc. in Defence Studies from [[Defence Services Staff College]], completed MMS from [[College of Defence Management]]. He went to the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]] and [[Osmania University]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2023-05-01 |title=Lt Gen Adosh Kumar takes charge as DG of Artillery |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/nation/lt-gen-adosh-kumar-takes-charge-as-dg-of-artillery-517097 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Military Career==
Kumar was commissioned in the [[Indian Army]] in the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]] in 1986.

He has commanded his parent battalion, an [[Brigade|Artillery Brigade]] and a [[Division (military)|Artillery Division]]. He has experience of serving in Counter Insurgency area in Northern Command. He also served as an instructor at [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|School of Artillery]], [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] and [[College of Defence Management]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2023-05-01 |title=Lt Gen Adosh Kumar takes charge as DG of Artillery |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/nation/lt-gen-adosh-kumar-takes-charge-as-dg-of-artillery-517097 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref>

Prior of his appointment as DG Artillery, he was serving as Director General Land, Works & Environment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-01 |title=Lt Gen Adosh Kumar takes charge as DG Artillery |url=https://www.defencewatch.in/defence-news/lt-gen-adosh-kumar-takes-charge-as-dg-artillery |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Defence Watch |language=en}}</ref>
==Awards and decorations==
Kumar has been awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] and the [[Sena Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence Investiture Ceremony 2025 (Phase-II) — President confers 30 PVSMs, 5 UYSMs & 57 AVSMs to Armed Forces, Indian Coast Guard & Border Roads Organisation personnel |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2133924 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Adosh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal|*]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sena Medal]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:College of Defence Management alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]

Geetha Manjunath

2026-02-14T21:59:07Z

Greyscaledesign: new a details!

{{short description|Indian Technology Entrepreneur}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Geetha Manjunath
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Founder & CEO of NIRAMAI
| education = [[IISc]] [[Kellogg School of Management]]

}}

'''Geetha Manjunath''' is an Indian entrepreneur and computer scientist. She is the founder and CEO of NIRAMAI Health Analytix, a [[Bengaluru]] based start-up that provides non-invasive, radiation free [[breast cancer screening]] through [[AI]].

== Education ==

Raised in Bengaluru, Manjunath got her Bachelor's in Computer Science, and got her Master's from [[IISc]] in Computer Science.<ref name="WiD">Geetha Manjunath. Women in Data Science (WiDS) Conference. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from [https://www.widsconference.org/geethamanjunath.html. WomenInDataScience] {{Dead link|date=June 2021}}</ref><ref name="WEF">Dr. Geetha Manjunath | WEF | Women Economic Forum. WEF. Retrieved 18 June 2021, from [https://www.wef.org.in/dr-geetha-manjunath/. WomenEconomicForum]</ref> She holds a management education from [[Kellogg School of Management]], Chicago and a [[PhD]] from IISc in AI and [[Data mining|Data Mining]].<ref name="WiD" /><ref name="WEF" />

== Career ==

Manjunath got her first job at the [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]], where she helped develop as a part of the team, the first Indian commercial supercomputer in the 1990s.<ref name="Forbes" /> Just out of college, she was inducted into the integration team, only to get bored within a year and was contemplating quitting.<ref name="Rukhmabai Initiatives">[https://www.rukhmabai.com/if-you-are-the-only-woman-in-the-room-so-what/]</ref> That's when she was transferred to the research wing.

She then joined [[Hewlett-Packard]] Laboratories as a Principal Research Scientist where she worked for 17 years, and later worked as the Lab Director leading Data Analytics Research at [[Xerox India]].<ref name="IndiaAI">[https://indiaai.gov.in/people/geetha-manjunath Geetha Manjunath], [[INDIAai]]. Retrieved 18 June 2021</ref>

In 2016, she became an entrepreneur by establishing her start-up NIRAMAI along with Nidhi Mathur.<ref name="INC42" /> NIRAMAI, which stands for “Non-Invasive Risk Assessment with Machine Intelligence”, uses the portable technology called Thermalytix using machine intelligence over thermography images to detect breast cancer.<ref name="Forbes">Bathija, M. (2020). How Geetha Manjunath Built Cheap, Non-invasive Breast Cancer Detection | Forbes India. Forbes India. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from [https://www.forbesindia.com/article/self-made-women-2020/how-geetha-manjunath-built-cheap-noninvasive-breast-cancer-detection/58119/1 Forbes]</ref><ref name="INC42" /> NIRAMAI's technology for detecting early stage breast cancer utilises non-touch and non-invasive breast cancer screening using Machine Learning and AI. The company has raised around $7 Million in funding with few of its main investors being Pi Ventures, Ankur Capital, Fund Dream Incubator and Beenext.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="INC42" /> The advantage this would have over previously used methods such as mammography, is that the technology developed by NIRAMAI could detect breast cancer in women under the age of 45 as well unlike mammography.<ref name="INC42">(2019). Retrieved 18 June 2021, from [https://inc42.com/startups/how-niramai-is-helping-india-women-battle-deadly-breast-cancer-with-ai-driven-early-detection/. Inc42]</ref>

The start-up announced in 2019, that it would leverage Thermalytix in detecting the presence of parasitic worm that causes river blindness, a project that is being also funded by the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref name="Forbes" /> She was initially part of the integration team, but got bored within a year and was contemplating quitting. That's when she was inducted into the research wing.<ref name="Rukhmabai Initiatives"/>

In 2020, amid the Covid-19 crisis, the health tech start-up also came up with solutions that use Thermalytix to detect fever and respiratory diseases to possibly detect Covid-19 infected people. In March 2020, this was pilot tested at a biotechnology company.<ref name="xray">\. (2021). X-Ray Setu plans to onboard 10K doctors for COVID detection in rural areas. Business-standard.com. Retrieved 18 June 2021, from [https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/x-ray-setu-plans-to-on-board-10k-doctors-for-covid-detection-in-rural-areas-121060100523_1.html. X-RaySetu]</ref>

In 2021, through NIRAMAI, Manjunath collaborated with Non-profit organization Artpark CEO Umakant Soni and IISc to come up with X-RaySetu. It is an AI-based program that runs on the app [[WhatsApp]] to help detect Covid-19 in areas where CT scans and RT-PCR tests aren't available.<ref name="xray" />

Manjunath co-authored the book "Moving to the Cloud" with Sitaram, on cloud technologies published by Elsvier Syngress.<ref name="IndiaAI" />

She is the former chair of [[IEEE Computer Society]], Bangalore Chapter.<ref name="WEF" />

== Awards and honors ==

* In 1991, Manjunath was awarded the Gold Medal by [[Computer Society of India]].<ref name="WEF" />
* In 2009, she was named as one of the top 50 [[NASSCOM]] IT Innovators.<ref name="WEF" />
* In 2010, she winner of 2010 MIT Tech Review Grand Challenges for Technologists in Healthcare category.<ref name="WEF" />
* In 2018, she was awarded the BIRAC WinER Award for her research in entrepreneurship.<ref name="WEF" />
* In 2020, she was named on the women in the Forbes List of Top 20 Self-Made Women India.<ref name="ForbesList">Self-Made Women 2020 : India's top women achievers : Forbes India. Forbes India. (2020). Retrieved 18 June 2021, from [https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/self-made-women-2020/1835/1. SelfMadeForbes2020]</ref>
* Manjunath is the has 16 US Patents for her work.<ref name="WiD" />
* She was awarded the [[Accenture]] Vahini Innovator of the Year Award from Economic Times in 2020.<ref name="WiD" />
* She was also titled as The Woman Entrepreneur of the year 2020 by Biospectrum.<ref name="BioSpectrum">Dr Geetha Manjunath receives BioSpectrum Woman Entrepreneur of the Year Award 2020. Biospectrumindia.com. (2021). Retrieved 18 June 2021, from [https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/18/18404/dr-geetha-manjunath-receives-biospectrum-woman-entrepreneur-of-the-year-award-2020.html. BioSpectrum] {{Dead link|date=June 2021}}</ref>
* In June 2021, Indian-American computer scientist Dr. Geetha Manjunath was named as one of the recipients of the Women Tech Global Awards in the "Innovator of the Year" category. Dr. Manjunath is the CEO and co-founder of Niramai, a startup that uses AI-based technology for early detection of breast cancer.<ref>{{Cite news |title=DBT-BIRAC supported start-ups InnAccel and NIRAMAI have received World Bank Group and the Consumer Technology Association's Global Women's HealthTech Awards |work=Press Information Bureau Government of India |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1789344 |access-date=12 January 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manjunath, Geetha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Kellogg School of Management alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women business executives]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

Lokesh Muni

2026-02-13T13:44:15Z

Greyscaledesign: Started the post more to come

{{Short description|Indian writer and social reformer}}
{{AI-generated|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Acharya Lokesh Muni
| image =
| alt = Acharya Lokesh Muni
| caption =
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Terapanth]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|04|17}}
| birth_place = [[Pachpadra]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| nationality = Indian
| title = Acharya
| period = 20th–21st century
| occupation = Jain monk, writer, speaker
| philosophy = Jain philosophy, Ahimsa (non-violence), peace, social harmony
| literary_works = Multiple books on Jainism and social harmony
| notable_works = Ahimsa Vishwa Bharati, interfaith dialogues
| awards = National Communal Harmony Award (2010), International Sewa Ratna Award
| website = https://acharyalokesh.com
}}
'''Acharya Lokesh Muni''' (born 17 April 1961) is an Indian [[Jain monasticism|Jain monk]], writer, and speaker recognized for his contributions to [[Ahimsa]] (non-violence), interfaith dialogue, and social reform.<ref>{{cite news |title=EAM Jaishankar to confer Acharya Lokesh Muni as 'Global Jain Peace Ambassador' in Karnataka |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/eam-jaishankar-to-confer-acharya-lokesh-muni-as-global-jain-peace-ambassador-in-101709095254770.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 February 2024}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Born in [[Pachpadra]], [[Rajasthan]], India, Acharya Lokesh Muni studied [[Jain philosophy]], [[Prakrit]], [[Sanskrit]], and [[comparative religion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Acharya Lokesh Muni, Who Is Being Honoured As Global Jain Peace Ambassador By EAM S Jaishankar |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/who-is-acharya-lokesh-muni-global-jain-peace-ambassador-honour-by-eam-s-jaishankar-6752531/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities and initiatives ==
Acharya Lokesh Muni has been involved in several initiatives concerning peace and social issues, including those listed below:
* Sarva Dharma Sadbhav Pad Yatra (1999–2001): A multi-state journey focused on communal harmony.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=कौन हैं मौलाना मदनी का विरोध करने वाले जैन मुनि आचार्य लोकेश, जिनके कद्रदान हैं अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति बाइडेन भी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/knowledge/who-is-jain-muni-acharya-lokesh-muni-joe-biden-also-follows-him-maulana-arshad-madani-om-allaha-controversy-5382057.html |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
* Ahimsa Yatra (2002–2004): A campaign promoting non-violence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bharatvarsh |first1=TV9 |title=मौलाना मदनी पर भड़के जैन मुनि कौन हैं? जनसंख्या विस्फोट पर कर चुके हैं कानून की मांग |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/knowledge/who-is-jain-aacharya-lokesh-muni-ji-why-lashed-out-at-maulana-arshad-madani-jamiat-ulema-e-hind-chief-au114-1714436.html |work=TV9 Bharatvarsh |date=13 February 2023 |language=hi}}</ref>
* Peace March (2006): A march from Delhi to Amritsar following communal unrest<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Acharya Lokesh Muni to be Honored as 'Global Jain Peace Ambassador' |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/acharya-lokesh-muni-to-be-honored-as-global-jain-peace-ambassador/ |work=adda247 |date=29 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* Ahimsa Vishwa Bharti (2005): Founded by Acharya Lokesh Muni, [[Ahimsa Vishwa Bharti]] is an organization that works towards promoting non-violence, peace, and social harmony.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Prakash |first1=Swayam |last2=Hindi |first2=India TV |date=2022-06-05 |title=अहिंसा विश्व भारती ने लॉन्च किया "विश्व शांति केंद्र" का पहला ब्रोशर |url=https://www.indiatv.in/india/national/ahimsa-vishwa-bharti-initiated-global-dialogue-on-peace-conflict-launched-our-first-brochure-of-world-peace-center-2022-06-05-855487 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=India TV Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> It engages in various initiatives related to social issues and conflict resolution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ahimsa Vishwa Bharti initiates dialogue on 'Peace & conflict' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ahimsa-vishwa-bharti-launches-first-brochure-shri-shri-ravi-shankar-vivek-oberoi-among-others-attend-2022-06-05-782206 |work=India TV News |date=5 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India presents a bright spot amidst the gloom prevailing in the world - Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1874095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106114117/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1874095 |archive-date=2022-11-06 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In February 2025, Acharya Lokesh Muni and other religious leaders walked off the stage during the 34th General Session of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] in New Delhi in response to remarks made by [[Arshad Madani]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Religious Leaders Leave Stage Over Islamic Body Chief's "Om-Allah" Remark |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/om-allah-are-same-islamic-body-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-chief-sparks-row-3775806 |website=NDTV |date=9 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2023-02-12 |title=What Hindus worship as Om, Muslims worship as Allah: Jamiat chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-hindus-worship-as-om-muslims-worship-as-allah-jamiat-chief/article66501468.ece |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
*National Communal Harmony Award (2010)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-25 |title=Acharya Lokesh Muni of Delhi to get the National Communal Harmony Award, 2010. He has been selected for the Award by the Jury headed by the Vice-President of India in the individual category. The award carries a citation and Rs 2 lakh for the individual. Lokesh Muni (49) is a writer, orator and social worker. He is the chief functionary of Ahimsa Vishwa Bharati, a Delhi based voluntary organisation which aims at promoting non-violence, peace, communal harmony, working against female foeticide and drug addiction. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/acharya-lokesh-muni-of-delhi-to-get-the-national-communal-harmony-award-2010-he-has-been-selected-for-the-award-by-the-jury-headed-by-the-vice-president-of-india-in-the-individual-category-the-award-carries-a-citation-and-rs-2-lakh-for-the-individual-lokesh-muni-49-is-a-writer-orator-and-social-worker-he-is-the-chief-functionary-of-ahimsa-vishwa-bharati-a-delhi-based-voluntary-organisation-which-aims-at-promoting-non-violence-peace-communal-harmony-working-against-female-foeticide-and-drug-addiction-/articleshow/7359879.cms |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://nfch.nic.in/documents/Programmes/National-Communal-Harmony-Awards/List-of-Awardees.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421055720/https://nfch.nic.in/documents/Programmes/National-Communal-Harmony-Awards/List-of-Awardees.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-21 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=nfch.nic.in}}</ref>
* California Assembly and Senate Honor<ref>{{cite news |title=California State Assembly felicitates Jain leader Acharya Lokesh Muni for humanitarian work |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/california-state-assembly-felicitates-jain-leader-acharya-lokesh-muni-for-humanitarian-work/ |work=Daily Excelsior |date=11 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jain leader Acharya Lokesh Muni honoured with official seal, Congressional proclamation by US House of Representatives |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/jain-leader-acharya-lokesh-muni-honoured-with-official-seal-congressional-proclamation-by-us-house-of-representatives/articleshow/101312835.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=27 June 2023}}</ref>
*U.S. President’s Volunteer Service Award for his humanitarian contributions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jain Acharya Lokesh becomes first Indian monk to be honored with American Presidential award |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/national/story/jain-acharya-lokesh-becomes-first-indian-monk-to-be-honored-with-american-presidential-award-976631-2024-04-10 |work=India Today NE |date=10 April 2024 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lokesh Muni: जैन आध्यात्मिक नेता को मिला अमेरिका में सम्मान, गोल्ड वालंटियर सर्विस पुरस्कार से नवाजा गया |url=https://www.amarujala.com/world/jain-spiritual-leader-lokesh-muni-honoured-with-the-us-president-s-gold-volunteer-service-2024-04-10 |work=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>
*Recognised by Congress of Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RECOGNIZING ACHARYA DR. LOKESH MUNI JI'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEACE; Congressional Record Vol. 169, No. 149 |url=https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-169/issue-149/extensions-of-remarks-section/article/E846-6 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jainism]]
* [[Ahimsa]]
* [[Anekantavada]]

== Refer<nowiki/>ences ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Acharya Lokesh Muni}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muni, Lokesh}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Jainism-stub}}
{{India-reli-bio-stub}}

Mariappan Periasamy

2026-02-08T12:10:13Z

Greyscaledesign: Started first entry from scratch

{{short description|Indian organometallic chemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mariappan Periasamy
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1952|10|6}}
| birth_place = [[Srivilliputtur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Organometallic chemistry]] | [[Enantioselective synthesis]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[University of Hyderabad]] | [[National Center for Scientific Research]] | [[University of Amsterdam]] | [[University of Marburg]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[American College, Madurai]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] | [[Purdue University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist| M. V. Bhatt | [[Herbert C. Brown]] }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Development of organic synthetic methods using boron and transition metal reagents
| awards = {{ublist | 1979 [[Indian Institute of Science|IISc]] Professor B. H. Iyer Medal | 1992 Dr. Husain Zaheer Science Foundation Young Scientist Award | 1996 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 2007 [[Chemical Research Society of India|CRSI]] Silver Medal }}
}}
'''Mariappan Periasamy''' (born 1952) is an Indian organometallic chemist and a professor at the School of Chemistry of the [[University of Hyderabad]].<ref name="M. Periasamy - Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/admissions/courses/109-academics/schools-of-study/school-of-chemistry/501-m-periasamy |title=M. Periasamy - Faculty profile |date=2016 |publisher=University of Hyderabad}}</ref> He is known for his experiments using carbon metal bonds for constructing diverse types of molecular structures,<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=234 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> and is an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]]<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P05-1395 |title=Indian fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> and the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Periasamy,_Prof._Mariappan |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1996, for his contributions to chemical sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:The American College, Madurai 2.jpg|thumb|180px|left|The American College, Madurai]]
M. Periasamy, born to Duraisamy Mariappanadar and Krishnammal couple on 6 October 1952, at [[Srivilliputtur]], a historical town in [[Virudhunagar district]] of the south Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], did his early schooling at Kammapatty Primary School and C. M. S. High School, Srivilliputtur and joined St. John's College, Palayamkottai from where he completed his pre-university course in 1970.<ref name="M. Periasamy - Faculty profile" /> His graduate (1970–73) and master's courses (1973–75) were done at [[American College, Madurai]] and he secured a PhD from the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1979 studying ''Mechanism of Oxidation of Aromatic Rings'' under the guidance of M. V. Bhatt. He moved to the US the same year where he did his post-doctoral studies at the laboratory of [[Herbert C. Brown]], a [[Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Nobel laureate]] at [[Purdue University]], researching on ''Nonclassical Ion Problem'', one of the favorite topics of Brown.<ref name="The Nonclassical Ion Problem">{{Cite book |title=The Nonclassical Ion Problem |last=Brown |first=Herbert C. |isbn=978-1-4613-4118-5 |date=1977|doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-4118-5 }}</ref> On his return to India in 1982, he joined the School of Chemistry of the [[University of Hyderabad]] where he serves as a professor since 1993. In between, he served as a visiting scientist at [[National Center for Scientific Research]] in 1995 and as a visiting professor at [[University of Amsterdam]], (1996) and [[University of Marburg]] (1997).<ref name="Indian fellow" />

Periasamy is married to Hemavathy Paramasivam and the couple has two children. The family lives in [[Hyderabad]].

== Legacy ==
Periasamy is noted for his development of new synthetic protocols such as the construction of diverse types of molecular structures using carbon metal bonds.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | access-date=5 October 2016 | pages=34 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He leads a team which have developed new procedures for preparing [[organometallics]] and [[Chirality (chemistry)|chiral reagents]] and many of them are in use with laboratories and industries,<ref name="Mariappan Periasamy - Scientist profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.serb.gov.in/pdfs/research/Prof_Mariappan_Periasamy.pdf |title=Mariappan Periasamy - Scientist profile |date=2016 |publisher=Science and Engineering Research Board}}</ref> NaBH4/I2 reagent system designed by his team is one such process which has become industry standard. He has also developed cost effective process for generating electricity from biomass and solar energy. His researches have been documented in a number of articles;<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Periasamy=3AMariappan=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> [[ResearchGate]], an online article repository, has listed 276 of them.<ref name="Mariappan Periasamy on ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mariappan_Periasamy2 |title=Mariappan Periasamy on ResearchGate |date=2016 }}</ref> He serves as a member of the International Scientific Committee on Boron Chemistry since 2007 and has been associated with several science journals as a member of their editorial boards.<ref name="Indian fellow" />

== Awards and honors ==
Periasamy received the Professor B. H. Iyer Medal of the Indian Institute of Science in 1979 and the Dr. Husain Zaheer Science Foundation Young Scientist Award of the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]] in 1992.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> The Indian Academy of Sciences elected him as their fellow in 1994<ref name="Fellow profile" /> and the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1996.<ref name="Chemical Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm |title=Chemical Sciences |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |date=2016 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912012851/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=12 September 2012 }}</ref> A J. C. Bose National Fellow of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] during 2006–11, he became a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 2005 and received the Silver Medal by the [[Chemical Research Society of India]] in 2007. He has delivered several award orations including Professor N. S. Narasimhan Endowment Award of [[Pune University]] (1995), Professor A. B. Kulkarni Endowment Lecture of [[University of Mumbai]] (1999), and Professor D. P. Chakraborty 60th Birth Anniversary Award of [[Indian Chemical Society]] (2004).<ref name="Indian fellow" />

== See also ==
* [[Enantioselective synthesis]]
* [[Herbert C. Brown]]
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite journal |author1=Mariappan Periasamy |author2=Athukuri Edukondalu |author3=Polimera Obula Reddy |title=Synthesis of Chiral 2,3-Disubstituted 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives |journal=J. Org. Chem. |date=2015 |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=3651–3655 |doi=10.1021/jo502688b|pmid=25756201 }}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Mariappan Periasamy |author2=Polimera Obula Reddy |author3=Iddum Satyanarayana |author4=Lakavathu Mohan |author5=Athukuri Edukondalu |title=Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Propargylamines via Hydroamination and Metalation of 1-Alkynes and Their Enantioselective Conversion to Trisubstituted Chiral Allenes |journal=J. Org. Chem. |date=2016 |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=987–999 |doi=10.1021/acs.joc.5b02554|pmid=26726072 }}

{{SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Periasamy, Mariappan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Virudhunagar district]]
[[Category:Tamil chemists]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Purdue University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Marburg University]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil academics]]

Pongseng Marak

2026-02-07T21:41:45Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating Data!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}

'''Pongseng Marak''' (born 1985)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pongseng Marak(NPP):Constituency- BAJENGDOBA (ST)(NORTH GARO HILLS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Meghalaya2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6949 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Meghalaya]]. He is an MLA from [[Bajengdoba Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[North Garo Hills district]]. He won the [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meghalaya Result live: Meghalaya Election Result 2023: NPP wins 26 seats, falls short of majority; BJP to support NPP to form govt |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-results-live-news-bjp-congress-npp-latest-polls-updates-2-march-2023/liveblog/98347456.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/meghalaya-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-npp-bjp-congress-tmc-udp-2341598-2023-03-02 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Marak is from Bakenang Nalsa, Bajengdoba post, North Garo Hills district, Meghalaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members {{!}} Meghalaya Government Portal |url=https://meghalaya.gov.in/meghalaya/index.php/meghalaya-legislative-assembly/44285 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=meghalaya.gov.in}}</ref> He is the son of Projendro Momin. He married Arek Marak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/affidavits/40-bajengdoba/pongseng-marak.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522132350/http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/affidavits/40-bajengdoba/pongseng-marak.pdf |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref> He completed his graduation in arts in 2007 at [[Tura Government College]], Tura, which is affiliated with [[North-Eastern Hill University|North Eastern Hill University]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Marak won from Bajengdoba Assembly constituency representing the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 9,900 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Brigady Napak Marak of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 2,316 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pongseng Marak , NPP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Pongseng Marak , Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/meghalaya/assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/pongseng-marak-15040-4 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009044730/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |archive-date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=NPP will get single majority: Pongseng - The Shillong Times |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/01/31/npp-will-get-single-majority-pongseng/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=theshillongtimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, he polled 11,648 votes and defeated the then sitting MLA, Brigady Napak Marak of Congress, by a margin of 1,964 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pongseng Marak in Meghalaya Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/meghalaya/pongseng-marak-bajengdoba-candidate-s15a040c004/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marak, Pongseng}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:People from North Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]

Central Library, IIT Bombay

2026-02-07T07:41:37Z

Greyscaledesign: new post!

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{inline|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox library
| library_name = IIT Bombay Central Library
| library_logo =
| image =
| caption =
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| type = [[Special library]]
| established = 1958
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization = [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]
| affiliations =
| director = Dr. Manju Naika (Chief Library Officer)
| website = {{URL|http://www.library.iitb.ac.in}}
}}

The [[Library]] is one of the central support services of [[IIT Bombay]]. The mission of the Library is to provide information services and access to [[Bibliography|bibliographic]] and full text digital and printed resources in order to support the scholarly and information needs of the students, faculty and staff at the Institute Community.

==Overview==
The library occupies an independent five-storey building and has several reading halls, an exhibit area and user spaces. The library offers circulation of books, and also a bookbank of textbooks for loan to students whose parents' income falls below the taxable limit.

The Central Library provides web-based access to over 450 books, 12,000 full text journals, 10 databases, 450 print periodicals, 1000 CDs and 231 DVDs, as well as a number of theses and dissertations, standards and reports and pamphlets. The Library supports electronic submission of theses and dissertations by postgraduate and doctoral students. During 2017-2018 year 749 Master's degree dissertations, 367 PhD theses and 239 dual-degree theses were submitted and approved by supervisor via this system.{{clarify|date=February 2026|reason=that is way too many theses and dissertations for just one academic year. is this the institutional total?}} The library also maintains Inter-Library Loan relations with a number of institutions and libraries including [[IITs]], [[Bhabha Atomic Research Center|BARC]], [[NITIE]], [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing|NCST]], [[IISc]], [[IIG]], [[TIFR]], [[IGIDR]], [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences|TISS]] and [[National Institute of Information and Communications Technology|NICT]].

Dr. Manju Naika is the current{{as of?|date=February 2026}} Chief library Officer.

== External links ==
*[http://www.library.iitb.ac.in//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26 Official Website]

== References ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120417121211/http://www.library.iitb.ac.in/download/ar11.pdf Annual Report of IIT Bombay Library] Annual Report of ITT Bombay Library 2010-11
*[http://www.library.iitb.ac.in/download/ar10.pdf Annual Report of IIT Bombay Library]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Annual Report of IIT Bombay Library 2009-10
*[http://www.library.iitb.ac.in/download/ar09.pdf Annual Report of IIT Bombay Library]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Annual Report of IIT Bombay Library 2008-09
* Ganpule S. R. and Waydande H. S."Computerization of IIT Bombay Central Library: Cost Benefit Approach" IN CURRENT TRENDS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: IMPACT ON INFORMATION SCIENCE IN INDIA ed by Kuldeep Chand., Society for Information Science, New Delhi.,1993, p.
* -46.
* Ghosh, Maitraiee. "Digital Infrastructure and attitude towards access and sharing: A case study of Selected Engineering Libraries in the Maharashtra State of India." International Information and Library Review 41, no.2(2009),
* Jadhav, Mahendra N. and Bamane, Niranjana J. "Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD): An initiative at Central Library, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Available at: http://docs.ndltd.org:8080/dspace/bitstream/2340/208/1/1074244208-text.pdf{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Jadhav, Mahendra N. and Kulkarni, Shobha Electronic Security: A case study of IIT Bombay Central Library. Available at http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/dxml/bitstream/handle/1944/181/03cali_12.pdf?sequence=2{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Jotwani, Daulat (2005). Library portal – a knowledge management tool. In Multilingual computing and information management in networked
* digital environment. ed. Murthy T.A.V. et al. (pp. 612–620). Ahmedabad: INFLIBNET Centre.

{{coord|19.134|72.915075|region:IN_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology]]
[[Category:Academic libraries in India]]
[[Category:Libraries in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Libraries established in 1958]]

Hisaab Barabar

2026-02-05T04:25:43Z

Greyscaledesign: adding new details

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Ashwni Dhir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hisaab Barabar
| image = Hisaab Barabar film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Ashwni Dhir]]
| writer = '''Screenplay:''' Ashwni Dhir Purva Naresh Ritesh Shastri Dolphy Fernandes '''Dialogues:''' Ashwni Dhir Purva Naresh
| story = Ritesh Shastri
| producer = Sharad Patel Shreyanshi Patel [[Jyoti Deshpande]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[R. Madhavan]]|[[Neil Nitin Mukesh]]|[[Kirti Kulhari]]|[[Rashami Desai]]|Faisal Rashid|[[Rajesh Jais]]|[[Imran Hasnee]]}}
| cinematography = [[Santosh Thundiyil]]
| editing = Manan Sagar
| music = Aman Pant
| studio = [[Jio Studios]] SP Cinecorp
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|11|26|[[55th International Film Festival of India|Goa]]|2025|1|24}}
| runtime = 111 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hisaab Barabar |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTIzMDgyMDI0MDAzMDM= |website=Central Board of Film Certification}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Hisaab Barabar''''' is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language [[Comedy thriller|comedy thriller film]] written and directed by [[Ashwni Dhir]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2025-01-17 |title=R. Madhavan Confronts Banking Corruption in ZEE5 Global Thriller ‘Hisaab Barabar’: ‘The New Indian Is an Empowered Person’ |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/r-madhavan-hisaab-barabar-zee5-global-1236276908/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The film stars [[R. Madhavan]] in the lead role,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandkeolyar |first=Karishma |title=Indian actor R. Madhavan on embodying the everyman in 'Hisaab Barabar' |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/indian-actor-r-madhavan-on-embodying-the-everyman-in-hisaab-barabar |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> with [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Kirti Kulhari]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=Kirti Kulhari says it was a little intimidating to work with R Madhavan |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kirti-kulhari-says-it-was-a-little-intimidating-to-work-with-r-madhavan-23467467#:~:text=Kirti%20Kulhari%20on%20Hisaab%20Barabar:%20'R%20Madhavan%20cut,the%20filminess%20of%20the%20dialogues'&text=Kirti%20Kulhari%20has%20always%20believed,actor%20instantly%20took%20to%20it. |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hisaab Barabar: Kirti Kulhari admits it was 'little intimidating' to work with R Madhavan; 'He is someone who will...' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-kirti-kulhari-says-it-was-intimidating-to-work-with-r-madhavan/52533d0cef896 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> [[Rashami Desai]], and Faisal Rashid in supporting roles.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=R. Madhavan’s Hisaab Barabar trailer reveals common man’s fight against banking scam, watch |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/r-madhavan-s-hisaab-barabar-trailer-reveals-common-man-s-fight-against-banking-scam-watch-article-12907685.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Hisaab Barabar Trailer: R Madhavan and Neil Nitin Mukesh’s collab excites netizens, ‘fresh concept’ receives appreciation |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-and-neil-nitin-mukeshs-collab-excites-netizens-fresh-concept-receives-appreciation-1367479 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120211812/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-and-neil-nitin-mukeshs-collab-excites-netizens-fresh-concept-receives-appreciation-1367479 |url-status=live }}</ref> The story follows a railway ticket checker who uncovers discrepancies in minor bank transactions, which leads him to uncover deeper systemic corruption.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12 |title=Hisaab Barabar OTT Release: R Madhavan's Thriller About Financial Fraud To Stream On THIS Platform {{!}} Check Release Date, Cast And Plot Details |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/hisaab-barabar-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-r-madhavan-thriller-movie-online-check-cast-plot-and-more-details-10212090 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Madhavan Takes on Corruption, Deceit in Hisaab Barabar |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/madhavan-takes-on-corruption-deceit-in-gripping-satirical-thriller-hisaab-barabar-trailer-out-now-1853536 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115020830/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/madhavan-takes-on-corruption-deceit-in-gripping-satirical-thriller-hisaab-barabar-trailer-out-now-1853536 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is produced by [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]] and SP Cinecorp. The film premiered at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] in [[Goa]] on 26 November 2024 and was released on 24 January 2025 on [[ZEE5]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Hisaab Barabar: Release date, OTT platform, cast, plot, and more about R. Madhavan's satirical thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-more-about-r-madhavans-satirical-thriller/188e3d60ce108 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118110659/https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-more-about-r-madhavans-satirical-thriller/188e3d60ce108 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=‘Hisaab Barabar’ trailer: R Madhavan stars in a thriller about financial fraud |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1077823/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-stars-in-a-thriller-about-financial-fraud |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Scroll.in |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114124230/https://scroll.in/reel/1077823/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-stars-in-a-thriller-about-financial-fraud |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==

Radhe Mohan Sharma is an [[Indian Railways]] ticket examiner in New Delhi who lives with his primary-school-going kid, Manu. He has a passion for number-crunching and maintains accurate accounting in all walks of his daily life, whether in his transactions with the train platform vendors or his bank. In one incident, he is shown arguing and getting into a big tussle with his bank manager for not accurately crediting [[Indian rupee]] 27.50 by way of bank interest. Being a ticket examiner, he also has to hand over the daily collections to the office at the station each day, and he maintains accurate logs personally.

He develops an acquaintance with a frequent passenger called Poonam Subash Joshi. Poonam opens up to him and reveals that his spouse has died, while Radhe opens up to her and reveals that his spouse has just left him leaving him with his small kid. One of his passengers, by mistake leaves a file with him, which he keeps safe for returning later. His son accidentally spills milk on top of it. While attempting to clean, he could not help but notice a bank statement. His knack for numbers makes him spot a 'similar discrepancy' in that person's statement also. Later, he finds another such discrepancy with one of his friends and convinces the friend to file a complaint with the bank for the 'missing amount'.

Soon, he and his friend, on separate occasions, receive not only the missing tiny amount, but also a 'reward' of a color TV for their efforts. Although puzzled, he accepts the gift. The bank hopes that he will keep silent.

Brooding over what happened, he later realizes the gravity of what is happening. He figures out that by cheating lakhs of individuals of tiny amounts, each month repeatedly, the bank owners are systematically defrauding them and building a huge stockpile of illegal cash. He files a formal complaint at a police station against the bank.

In an interesting twist, the local [[Sub-inspector]] of police assigned to investigate the alleged financial crime happens to be P. Subash, the same woman Radhe got acquainted with during the train ride. But now, Poonam tries to show a clear professional distance between her and him, and Radhe understands and accepts that. In a second twist, it is revealed that P. Subash is the same girl Radhe turned down long years ago, when he was looking for a girl for an arranged marriage, due to his assessment that Poonam was weak in math(!). Radhe now believes that he cannot expect anything honest from Poonam.

Micky Mehta is later revealed as the corrupt owner of the bank, who is the mastermind behind this illegal scheme who keeps a huge stockpile of currency in a secret stash. Micky suddenly gets a call from the topmost official in the country about the missing amount, Ms. Ranganathan, who is now investigating the alleged crime. Micky Mehta angrily confronts his politician friend to try to have Radhe killed, but the politician advises against that as being too risky. He says there are simpler ways than that.

Micky starts giving trouble through the top [[Indian Railways]] officials and initiates an inquiry against Radhe for an alleged (fake) discrepancy of [[Indian rupee]] seventeen (INR 17) and starts to make his life miserable. He also manages to file false cases against Radhe for supposedly building his house in an illegal plot, and workers start bulldozing his home while he is still inside. Radhe and his son manage to escape, and Micky's goons catch him in the street, confront and insult him. Radhe is saved by the hundreds of poor people in simple professions, such as municipal cleaners, living in the neighborhood.

Radhe finds himself suddenly homeless. Radhe's explanations of the scandal now reach sanitary workers first and then all the common men. The news spreads like wildfire through simple means like Facebook, etc. Common men and women start withdrawing all their savings, immediately close their accounts, and then post their pictures on Social Media, saying that they just escaped the scandal! Fear spreads and soon there are mad stampedes in front of all the branches of the bank with people fighting to get into the branches to close their accounts. Riot-like situations spread nationwide due to [[Bank run]]. Meanwhile, taking Radhe by complete surprise, P. Subash generates an honest report about her findings and manages to release it to the Internet.

Micky Mehta tries to flee the country by a private jet with all INR 1500 crores, packed in multiple huge suitcases. But an equally secret plan hatched by the Radhe's municipal sanitary worker friends thwarts all of that, manages to outwit his gang, and capture all the cash. They secretly transport all the cash in a huge garbage truck out of [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] and onto none other than the waiting top official investigating the crime, Ms. Ranganathan.

All of the public's money has been recovered by the Government. A smiling Radhe, the little boy Manu, and a happy Poonam are shown later strolling in a public park together again.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
* [[R. Madhavan]] as Radhe Mohan Sharma
* [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]] as Micky Mehta
* [[Kirti Kulhari]] as Inspector Poonam Subash Joshi
* [[Rashami Desai]] as Monalisa Yadav
* Shaunak Duggal as Mannu
* [[Himanshu Malik]] as Manoj Pathak (MP)
* [[Manu Rishi]] as Dayal
* Faisal Rashid as Tiwari
* [[Rajesh Jais]] as Bank manager
* [[Imran Hasnee]] as Shaleen Srivastava
* [[Ishtiyak Khan]] as Credit card seller
* Vineet Vashist as Airport Officer
* [[Yogesh Tripathi]] as Kumar
* Sukumar Tudu as Inspector Tiyagi
* Rohit Tiwari as SP Chandel
* Happy Ranjit as Officer Mishra
* Jyoti Negi as Kundu
* [[Melissa Pais]] as Roza Kutti
}}

== Production ==
The film was shot in Delhi, including at railway stations, during the post-COVID period. Filming in busy public areas presented logistical challenges.<ref name=":0" /> [[Santosh Thundiyil|Santhosh Thundiyil]] was the cinematographer, and the script was co-written by [[Ashwni Dhir]] and Ritesh Shastri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hisaab Barabar: Release date, OTT platform, cast, plot, and more about R. Madhavan's satirical thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-more-about-r-madhavans-satirical-thriller/188e3d60ce108 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118110659/https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-more-about-r-madhavans-satirical-thriller/188e3d60ce108 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Hisaab Barabar'' had its world premiere at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] in [[Goa]] on 26 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Hisaab Barabar Trailer: R Madhavan Exposes Scams Affecting Common Man, OTT Film To Premiere On THIS Date |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-exposes-scams-affecting-common-man-ott-film-to-premiere-on-this-date-article-117126570 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115005855/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/hisaab-barabar-trailer-r-madhavan-exposes-scams-affecting-common-man-ott-film-to-premiere-on-this-date-article-117126570 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of [[NDTV]] gave the film two out of five, writing, "Hisaab Barabar vacillates between the mildly droll and the stodgily solemn. Despite all its additions and subtractions, it never finds a mean number that can make all the well-meaning effort worth it. Admittedly, certain moments in the film, thanks to their intrinsic relatability, are passable but these are too few and far between."<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=24 January 2025 |title=Hisaab Barabar Review: R Madhavan's Performance Unable To Offset The Film's Flaws |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/hisaab-barabar-review-r-madhavans-performance-unable-to-offset-the-films-flaws-2-stars-7546574 |work=[[NDTV]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of [[The Indian Express]] gave the film 1.5 out of 5, writing, "An honest-to-a-fault, maths-whizz ticket collector gets embroiled, unwittingly, in the doings of a greedy banker: this one-line premise may have sounded exciting on paper, but the execution comes off contrived and clunky."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=24 January 2025 |title=Hisaab Barabar movie review: Madhavan’s film nosedives every time Neil Nitin Mukesh shows up |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/hisaab-barabar-movie-review-madhavans-film-nosedives-every-time-neil-nitin-mukesh-shows-up-9796431/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=27620861}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/hisaab-barabar/0-0-1z5685485 ''Hisaab Barabar''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]

Ashi Singh

2026-01-29T01:03:01Z

Greyscaledesign: brief adjusted lead to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashi Singh
| image = Ashi Singh At Screening Of Film 83.png
| caption = Singh in 2021
| birth_date = 
| education =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2015–present
| known_for = ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]'' ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
| website =
}}

'''Ashi Singh''' is an Indian actress best known for her roles in ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]'' and ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''.

== Career ==
Ashi Singh made her television debut in 2015 with ''Secret Diaries: The Hidden Chapters''.<ref name="TimesNowBirth">{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/photo-gallery/small-screen-actress-ashi-singh-is-just-the-opposite-of-her-reel-character-in-real-life-see-pics/359433 |title=Small screen actress Ashi Singh is just the opposite of her reel character in real life |website=Times Now News |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref> She has also appeared in ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|Gumrah]]'', ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'', and ''[[Savdhaan India]]''.<ref name="TimesPhotos">{{Cite news |title=Ashi Singh's latest pictures prove that the actress is summer ready – Yeh Un Dino Ki Bat Hai's Ashi Singh is a hottie in real life; a look at her pictures |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv/news/hindi/yeh-un-dino-ki-bat-hais-ashi-singh-is-a-hottie-in-real-life-a-look-at-her-pictures/pretty/photostory/69045442.cms |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=The Times of India|date=25 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai-star-ashi-singh-s-glamorous-avatar-will-stun-you-1476277-2019-03-12 |title=Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai star Ashi Singh's glamorous avatar will stun you |website=India Today |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> Additionally, she made a cameo appearance in ''[[Qaidi Band]]'' as the jailer's daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Qaidi-Band/0K63N1PZLWDBKH6RI6IEE8FHC9 |title=Prime Video: Qaidi Band |website=primevideo.com |access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>

From 2017 to 2019, she played the lead role of Naina Agarwal in [[SET India]]'s ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]'' opposite [[Randeep Rai]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai to go off-air in August, fans request not to end the show so soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai-to-go-off-air-in-august-fans-request-not-to-end-the-show-so-soon/articleshow/70224506.cms |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=15 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2020, after [[Avneet Kaur]] left the show for health reasons,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=Aladdin: Naam Toh Suna Hoga: Avneet Kaur quits the show due to COVID 19; Ashi Singh to step in for her |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/aladdin-naam-toh-suna-hoga-avneet-kaur-quits-show-due-covid-19-ashi-singh-step-her-545803 |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706040740/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/aladdin-naam-toh-suna-hoga-avneet-kaur-quits-show-due-covid-19-ashi-singh-step-her-545803 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ashi assumed the role of Yasmine on [[Sony SAB]]'s ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'' alongside [[Siddharth Nigam]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ashi Singh replaces Avneet Kaur in 'Aladdin: Naam Toh Suna Hoga' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ashi-singh-replaces-avneet-kaur-in-aladdin-naam-toh-suna-hoga/articleshow/76718905.cms |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

From August 2021 to June 2023, she portrayed Meet Hooda in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]'' opposite [[Shagun Pandey]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2021 |title=Meet Zee TV Serial 2021: नई कहानी और नए किरदार के साथ आया नया टीवी शो-मीत, जानें कब होगा ऑन एयर |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/zee-tv-new-show-meet-to-be-on-air-from-23-august-staring-ashi-singh-and-shagun-meet-alhawat/359191 |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref> From June 2023 to November 2023, she played the role of the character's daughter, Sumeet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2023 |title=Meet Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet: This new avtar of Ashi Singh will stun you |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-meet-badlegi-duniya-ki-reet-this-new-avtar-of-ashi-singh-will-stun-you-new-promo-hot-news-1608818 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2025, she has been seen as Kairi Sharma in [[Sab TV]]'s ''Ufff... Yeh Love Hai Mushkil'' opposite [[Shabir Ahluwalia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2025 |title=Ashi Singh binge-watches courtroom dramas to prep for her role as a lawyer in 'Ufff… Yeh Love Hai Mushkil'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ashi-singh-binge-watches-courtroom-dramas-to-prep-for-her-role-as-a-lawyer-in-ufff-yeh-love-hai-mushkil/articleshow/121021114.cms |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=[[Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> In the same month, she also appeared in [[Amazon MX Player]]'s ''First Copy'', playing the role of Afreen opposite [[Munawar Faruqui]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2025 |title=First Copy {{!}} Ashi Singh On Playing A Quiet But Strong Character In Amazon MX Player Show: She has Her Own... |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/ott/first-copy-ashi-singh-on-playing-a-quiet-but-strong-character-in-amazon-mx-player-show-she-has-he-468535.html |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=www.filmibeat.com|language=en}}</ref>

== In the media ==
In 2019, Singh was featured on the cover of ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' in its 1500th issue, under the title of "The Future Belongs to Ashi Singh".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/the-future-belongs-to-ashi-singh/ |title=The future belongs to Ashi Singh |last=Nazir |first=Asjad |date=29 March 2019 |website=EasternEye |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> In 2020, ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' also listed her in [[Eastern Eye|Dynamic dozen for the decade]] in its 8th position.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www-easterneye-biz.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.easterneye.biz/dynamic-dozen-for-the-decade/|title=Dynamic dozen for the decade|newspaper=Eastern Eye|date=9 January 2020 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Qaidi Band]]''
| Tulika
| Cameo
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=Qaidi Band movie review |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/qaidi-band-movie-review-aadar-jain-anya-singh-star-rating-4813069/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"|Notes
! class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-
|2015
|''Secret Diaries: The Hidden Chapters''
|Lavanya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secret Diaries: The Hidden Chapters |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/secret-diaries/5534 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Disney+ Hotstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]''
|Kajal
|
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=".0">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=Exclusive! Ashi Singh: There were times when I thought of quitting acting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-there-were-times-when-i-thought-of-quitting-acting-ashi-singh/photostory/84762980.cms |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]''
|Swetha
|
|-
|''[[Savdhaan India]]''
|Raji/Soni/Chitra/Priya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=Exclusive! Ashi Singh talks about her struggles before television debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-there-were-times-when-i-thought-of-quitting-acting-ashi-singh/photostory/84762980.cms |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2019
| ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''
| Naina Agarwal Maheshwari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai to go off air. Producer Sumeet Mittal urges fans to save the show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai-to-go-off-air-producer-sumeet-mittal-urges-fans-to-save-the-show-1569428-2019-07-15 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=India Today |date=15 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]''
| Yasmine
| Season 3
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashi Singh says she will never replace anyone on a show again |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ashi-singh-says-she-will-never-replace-anyone-on-a-show-again-can-t-take-the-hatred-1802662-2021-05-14 |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=India Today |date=14 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021–2023
| ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
| Meet/Sumeet
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2021 |title=Ashi Singh: I was Nervous About Short-Haired Look in Meet Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ashi-singh-i-was-nervous-about-short-haired-look-in-meet-badlegi-duniya-ki-reet-4131395.html |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Ufff..Yeh Love Hai Mushkil]]''
| Advocate Kairi Sharma
|
|
|}

=== Web Series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2025
| ''First Copy''
| Afreen
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=First Copy |date=2025-06-20 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt32104971/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |others=Munawar Faruqui, Krystle D'Souza, Saqib Ayub |publisher=Kurji Production, RVCJ Digital Media, Salt Media Ltd}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|''Pyaar On Road''
|Prakriti
|[[Microdrama]]
|
|-
|''Ishqa Ishqa''
|Aditi
|
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title
! Singer(s)
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2017
| ''Zindagi Tujhse Kya Karen Shikvey''
| [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| Cameo
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Ayesha Takia's comeback song from Zindagi Yeh Zindagi unravels the menace of girl trafficking. Watch video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ayesha-takia-comeback-song-from-zindagi-yeh-zindagi-unravels-the-menace-of-girl-trafficking-watch-video-4712053/ |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Tere Naal Rehna''
| [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[Jyotica Tangri]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paras Kalnawat makes his debut in a music video titled Tere Naal Rehna with Ashi Singh. |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/playing-the-good-son-119450 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2021
| ''Baadlon Se Aage''
| [[Palash Muchhal]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baadlon Se Aage – sung by Muchhal siblings |url=https://gaana.com/song/baadlon-se-aage }}</ref>
|-
| ''Kareeb''
| [[Vishal Dadlani]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kareeb sung by Vishal Dadlani featuring Siddharth Nigam and Ashi Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-song-music-video-kareeb-sung-by-vishal-dadlani/videoshow/82315131.cms |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Deal''
| Harvi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch New Punjabi Song Music Video – 'Deal' Sung By Harvi {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-new-punjabi-song-music-video-deal-sung-by-harvi/videoshow/83602983.cms |access-date=14 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Haan Karde''
| Vinay Aditya, Kanika Singh
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Haan Karde {{!}} 2021 Song – Hungama |url=https://www.hungama.com/album/haan-karde/78787923/ |language=en |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
| ''Dil Tujhko Chahe''
| Abhi Dutt
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dil Tujhko Chahe' sung by Abhi Dutt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-popular-hindi-romantic-song-music-video-dil-tujhko-chahe-sung-by-abhi-dutt/videoshow/89015758.cms |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dil Ruseyaa''
| Bishwajit Ghosh
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Check Out New Hindi Song Official Music Video – 'Dil Ruseyaa' Sung By Bishwajit Ghosh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-song-official-music-video-dil-ruseyaa-sung-by-bishwajit-ghosh/videoshow/90595592.cms |language=en |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Tumhe Khoke''
| Dipessh Kashyap
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Dipessh Kashyap turns singer with Tumhe Khoke |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2022/may/03/actor-dipessh-kashyap-turns-singer-with-tumhe-khoke-40640.html |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=indulgexpress.com |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Aahat''
|Musical Tarsh
|
|
|-
|2026
|''Dil Lagana Mana Tha''
|Krish, Kishore Mondal
|
|
|}

== Award and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category
! Work!! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2019
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Jodi – Jury (With [[Randeep Rai]])
| ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2019 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/indian-television-academy-awards/2019/113 |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress – Jury]]
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ka Reet]]''
| {{won}}

|<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2022 |title=ITA Awards 2022: Here's the Complete Winners List |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ita-awards-2022-harshad-chopda-nakuul-mehta-anupamaa-win-big-heres-the-complete-winners-list-4844942.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress – Popular]]
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Television Academy Awards Popular Actress Ashi Singh, Helly Shah, Mallika Singh, Shivangi Khedkar, and Rupali Ganguly are nomminess |url=https://twitter.com/theita_official/status/1494941698191151109?s=21 |date=19 February 2021 |language=en}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2023
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
||[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress (Jury)]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Celebs win big at Indian Telly Awards 2023 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/photo/rupali-ganguly-to-harshad-chopra-celebs-win-big-at-indian-telly-awards-2023-see-pics-2365039-2023-04-26 |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|9235390}}
* {{Instagram|i_ashisinghh}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|d = yes
|portal1 = India
|portal2 = Biography
|portal3 = Television
|portal4 = Films
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ashi}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Agra]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gangari dialect

2026-01-26T18:26:07Z

Greyscaledesign:

#REDIRECT [[Garhwali language]]
{{R from merge}}{{R from alternative transliteration}}

Allahabadi Christmas fruitcake

2026-01-25T02:09:05Z

Greyscaledesign: post.

{{short description|Christmas cake from Indian cuisine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Allahabadi cake
| image =
| caption =
| alternate_name =
| country = [[Allahabad]], [[India]]
| region =
| national_cuisine =
| creator =
| year =
| time1 =
| time2 =
| course =
| type = [[fruit cake]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[maida flour|maida]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[sugar]], [[marmalade]], [[nut (fruit)|nuts]]
| minor_ingredient =
| variations =
| serving_size = 100 g
| calories =
| protein =
| fat =
| carbohydrate =
| glycemic_index =
| similar_dish =
| other =
}}

'''Allahabadi Christmas fruitcake''' ([[Nastaleeq]]: {{lang|inc-Aran|{{nq|الہ آبادی کرسمس فروٹ کیک}}}}, [[Devanagari]]: {{lang|inc-Deva|इलाहाबादी क्रिसमस फ़्रूट केक}}) is a traditional [[India]]n [[fruit cake|rum fruit cake]] originating and lending its name from the north Indian city of [[Allahabad]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Tidings of Comfort and Joy: A Christmas Feast of Faith and Fun|isbn = 9781473630055|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqRVCgAAQBAJ&dq=Allahabadi+cake&pg=PT26|last1 = Rhodes|first1 = Pam|date = 22 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131220120808/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-15/deep-focus/45215736_1_cake-bakery-khari-baoli Cakewalk in Allahabad - Times Of India]</ref> Allahabadi cake is a [[Christmas cake]] popularly prepared for consumption during [[Christmastide]] by the Christian population of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rich fruit cakes for a special Christmas |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/681595/rich-fruit-cakes-for-a-special-christmas |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=19 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1" />

== Preparation ==
Allahabadi cake is made with [[maida flour|maida]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[clarified butter]], [[sugar]], [[petha]], [[marmalade]], [[nut (fruit)|nuts]], [[ginger]] and [[fennel]] as its main ingredients.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Dry fruits and nuts are soaked in rum for enhanced flavour.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-20|title=Christmas cakes around the world|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/christmas-cakes-around-the-world/2153355/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Food}}
* {{portal-inline|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Prayagraj culture]]
[[Category:Rum desserts]]
[[Category:Christmas cakes]]
[[Category:Butter cakes]]

{{India-cuisine-stub}}

J. M. Raju

2026-01-08T00:06:55Z

Greyscaledesign: adding info

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = John Mattupurathu Raju
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|01|01|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], Kerala, India
| death_date =
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Carnatic music]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active = 1962–1999
| label = Audiotracs
| website =
}}
'''John Mattupurathu Raju''' is an Indian film singer and music composer in [[Malayalam cinema]] during the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=572|title = JM Raju}}</ref> He made his debut with the movie ''[[Naadan Pennu]]'' in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?artist=JM%20Raju&category=singers|title=Profile of Malayalam Singer JM%20Raju}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Raju was born on 1 January 1944 in [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], as the son of the late John Mattupurathu and the late Mary John. He is married to [[Latha Raju]], a Malayalam playback singer, who is the daughter of famous singers [[Santha P. Nair]] and [[K. Padmanabhan Nair]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131211/entertainment-mollywood/article/born-sing|title = Born to sing|date = 11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-kerala-connection/article4886546.ece|title=The Kerala connection|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 July 2013|last1=M|first1=Athira}}</ref> The couple have two children, [[Aalap Raju]] and Anupama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/Programs/Episode/2808/generations-music-chakkarappanthal-episode-38/E |title=Mathrubhumi: Programs |website=mathrubhuminews.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814045440/http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/Programs/Episode/2808/generations-music-chakkarappanthal-episode-38/E |archive-date=2014-08-14}} </ref> [[Aalap Raju]] is also a playback singer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/there-is-no-stopping-for-veteran-playback-singer-latha-raju/430431-71-210.html |title=There is no stopping for veteran playback singer Latha Raju |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030142309/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/there-is-no-stopping-for-veteran-playback-singer-latha-raju/430431-71-210.html |archive-date=30 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Ready-for-Malayalam-acapella/articleshow/15137734.cms|title = Ready for Malayalam acapella? - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=10 January 2017 }}</ref> In 2015 Raju won the Kalashree Award from the Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Academy.

==Filmography==

===As a music composer===
* Nadi Nadi ([[K. J. Yesudas]]) Chevalier Michael 1992 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Bhaagyam vannu ([[Krishnachandran]]), (J. M. Raju) Chevalier Michael 1992 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Vaanil Vibhaatham ([[K. J. Yesudas]]), ([[Latha Raju]]) Chevalier Michael 1992 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Kaathirunna Raavu ([[K. J. Yesudas]]) Chevalier Michael 1992 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Kannaadikkaavilile ([[K. S. Chithra]]),([[Krishnachandran]]) Chevalier Michael 1992 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Navayuva Midhunam Keralam Manoharam 1999 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Anuraagame Keralam Manoharam 1999 - Lyrics [[Yusufali Kechery]]
* Prasada Sindooram ([[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]) Keralam Manoharam 1999 - Lyrics [[Shaji Chen]]
* Paalaruvi Neeyenikku Thozhi ([[K. S. Chithra]]) Keralam Manoharam 1999 - Lyrics [[Shaji Chen]]

===As a playback singer===
* Naadan Premam ... Naadan Pennu 1967
* Paalkadal Naduvil ... Kanaatha Veshangal 1967
* Raathri Raathri ... Ezhu Raathrikal 1968
* Pottithakarnna ... Baalya Prathijna (Purusharathnam) 1972
* Marathakappattudutha Vilaasini ... Baalya Prathijna (Purusharathnam) 1972
* Kala kala mozhi ... Premageethangal 1981
* Ilam Manjil ... Adharangal Vithumpunnu 1981
* Ambili Manavatti azhakulla manavaatti ... Ee Naadu 1982
* Thattedi Sosamme ... Ee Naadu 1982
* Aakaasha perunthachan ... Ee Naadu 1982
* Iru Meyyaanennaalum [Bit] ... Ee Naadu 1982
* Amme mahaamaaye ... Jambulingam 1982
* Amme Kanyaamariyame (Chilluvazhi Paayum) ... Idavela 1982
* Gloria Gloria Gloria Swargeeya (Vinnin Saanthi Sandesham) ... Idavela 1982
* Ente kadha ninte kadha ... Ithu Njangalude Kadha 1982
* Thathammappenninu kalyaanam ... Thuranna Jail 1982
* Swarga Vaathil Thurannu Thannu ... Iniyenkilum 1983
* Ilam Manjil [Adharangal Vithumbunnu] ... Kaathirunna Divasam 1983
* Poonkili painkili ... Kolakkomban 1983
* Odi odi odi vannu ... Swanthamevide Bandhamevide 1984
* Illillam Poo ... Akalangalil 1986
* Bhaagyam vannu ... Chevalier Michael 1992

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2364749}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, J. M.}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Rabindranath Tagore University, Dhaniakhali

2026-01-06T00:15:10Z

Greyscaledesign: Creating Bio

{{Short description|Proposed private university in West Bengal, India}}

'''Rabindranath Tagore University''' is a proposed private university in [[Dhaniakhali]], [[Hooghly district]], [[West Bengal]], India. Approved by the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal Assembly approves two bills to establish private universities in Hooghly and North 24-Parganas
|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/bengal-assembly-approves-two-bills-to-establish-private-universities-in-hooghly-and-north-24-parganas/cid/2069835|publisher=[[Telegraph]]|date=11 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bills for setting up two pvt varsities passed in Bengal assembly|url=https://theprint.in/india/bills-for-setting-up-two-pvt-varsities-passed-in-bengal-assembly/2396940/|publisher=[[The Print]]|date=10 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Two private university Bills approved in Assembly|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/two-private-university-bills-approved-in-assembly-590143|publisher=Millenniumpost|date=10 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 }}</ref> The university will established under the Rabindranath Tagore University Act, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Rabindranath Tagore University Act, 2024|url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/west-bengal/2024/Bill20of2024WB.pdf|date=3 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 |website=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref> The university is part of the state's efforts to enhance higher education infrastructure and opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal to establish Rabindranath Tagore and Ramakrishna Paramhansa universities
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/west-bengal-private-universities-rabindranath-tagore-ramakrishna-paramhansa-2648991-2024-12-12|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=12 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal to Launch Rabindranath Tagore and Ramakrishna Paramhansa Universities
|url=https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2024/12/west-bengal-to-establish-rabindranath-tagore-and-ramakrishna-paramhansa-universities-to-boost-higher-education/|publisher=digitalLEARNING Network|date=13 December 2024|access-date=4 September 2025 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hooghly district]]

{{India-university-stub}}

Henrique Henriques

2025-12-26T03:31:25Z

Greyscaledesign: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific_prefix = [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Padre]]
| name = Henrique Henriques
| honorific_suffix = [[Society of Jesus|SJ]]
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Anrique Anriquez
| birth_date = {{birth year|1520}}
| birth_place = [[Vila Viçosa]], [[Alentejo]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1600|2|6|1520||}}
| death_place = [[Punicale]], [[Portuguese India]] (now [[Punnaikayal]], [[Thoothukudi district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| occupation = [[Jesuit]] priest, missionary, theological author, translator
| church = '''[[Catholic Church]]'''
* [[Franciscan]] (till 1545)
* [[Society of Jesus]] (1545-1600)
| buried = [[Our Lady of Snows Basilica]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Coimbra]], [[Portugal]]
| education = [[Canon Law]]
}}'''Henrique Henriques''' (also known as Anrique Anriquez)<ref>{{cite book|last=Kamil Zvelebil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature |year=1992|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09365-2|pages=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&pg=PA151}}</ref> (1520–1600) was a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] Jesuit priest and [[missionary]] who spent most of his life in missionary activities in [[South India]]. After his initial years in [[Goa]] he moved to [[Tamil Nadu]] where he mastered [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and wrote several books including a [[dictionary]]. He is considered to be the first European Tamil scholar.

He strongly believed that books of religious doctrines should be in local languages and to this end he wrote books in Tamil. His efforts made Tamil the first non-European language to be printed in moveable type. Hence he is sometimes called ''The Father of the Tamil Press''. After his death his mortal remains were buried in [[Our Lady of Snows Basilica]] in [[Thoothukudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Early life==
Henriques was born into a [[Sephardic Jews|Sephardi Jewish]] family in 1520 in [[Vila Viçosa]], [[Alentejo]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]. He joined the [[Franciscan]] [[religious order|order]] but had to leave due to his [[History of the Jews in Portugal|Jewish ancestry]]. He later studied [[Canon Law]] at the [[University of Coimbra]] until 1545.<ref name=TN>Padre Henrique Henriques, the Father of the Tamil Press</ref> On 7 October 1545, he entered the newly founded [[Society of Jesus]] in [[Coimbra]] (Portugal).<ref name=Jes/> He departed for India in 1546.<ref name=BDCM>Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions p. 288</ref>

==Missionary in India==
Henriques initially lived in [[Portuguese Goa]] until 1557 and then moved to the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]] or [[Tuticorin]], under orders of [[St. Francis Xavier]], where he worked as a missionary<ref name=TN/> from 1547 to 1549.<ref name=BDCM/> In 1549, after the death of Antonio Criminali, he was elected superior of this mission, a post which he held until 1576. His progress in the development of the community and his concerns about the problems in the mission are explicit from the regular reports he wrote to his [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|Superior General]].<ref name=BDCM/>

==Printing in India==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG
| width1 = 140
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ''Thambiran Vanakkam''
| image2 = Kirisithiyani Vanakkam Cochin 1579.JPG
| width2 = 140
| alt2 =
| caption2 = ''Kirisithiyaani Vanakkam''
| footer =
}}

Henriques strongly felt that the mission could only be successful through the use of local languages. To this end he arranged for the printing of books on [[Christian doctrine]] in Tamil.<ref name=BDCM/> Apart from being the first to produce a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] [[Dictionary]], he set up the first Tamil press and printed books in Tamil script. The first such book printed in Tamil script was ''[[Thambiran Vanakkam]]'' (தம்பிரான் வணக்கம்) (1578), a 16-page translation of the Portuguese "Doctrina Christam", printed at [[Quilon|Quilon(Kollam)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/article476102.ece | title=Tamil saw its first book in 1578 | work=[[The Hindu]]| date=13 November 2010 | access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> It was followed by ''Kirisithiyaani Vanakkam'' (கிரிசித்தியானி வணக்கம்)(1579).<ref>Literary Contributions of select list of Tamil Scholars from Overseas</ref> These were works of catechism, containing the basic prayers of Catholicism. Before this 'Cartilha', a Tamil prayer book printed using Latin script, was printed in Lisbon by command of the Portuguese king and financed by the [[Paravars]]<ref>[[Paravar]] (Wikipedia article)</ref> of Tuticorin who also helped with scholarly assistance.

He also printed ''Flos Sanctorum'' in Tamil (1586).<ref name=BDCM/> This book contains the lives of Saints. By his efforts, Tamil became the first non-European language to be printed on a printing press.<ref name=TN/><ref name=Encyl>Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 p.1669</ref><ref>Muhammad Shahidullah & His Contribution To Bengali Linguistics</ref> Hence, he is sometimes referred to as ''Father of the Tamil press''<ref>Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil p.86</ref>

Henriques is the first known European Tamil scholar.<ref name=TN/> Some of his works in the ''Malabar (Malauar) language'' (that is, Tamil) are no longer extant, including a work on grammar, a dictionary, a booklet for confession and a religious history from the Creation to the Ascension.<ref name=BDCM/>

==Death==
Henriques died on 22 February 1600 in a village named [[Punnaikayal|Punicale]] (now [[Punnaikayal]] in [[Thoothukudi district]], Tamil Nadu).<ref name=Jes>Jesuits in Ceylon (in the XVI and XVII Centuries) p. 156</ref> According to ''The Jesuit Annual Letter for 1601'' {{cquote|...on the day he died all the Muslims of the neighbouring village Patanam (Kayalpattanam) fasted; the [[Hindus]] also of the neighbouring places fasted two days and closed all their shops and bazaars to express their grief over the death of the good and holy old man. So great was the respect and consideration every one had concerning his holiness.<ref name=TN/>}}

His mortal remains were buried in [[Our Lady of Snows Basilica]] in [[Thoothukudi]], Tamil Nadu.<ref name=Jes/>

== Works ==
* 1578: ''Doctrina Christam en Linga Malauar Tamul'' / ''Doctrina Cristaã tresladada em lingua Tamul [...].'' Impressa em Coulam no Collegio do Saluador. — Only known copy: Houghton Library, Harvard University, GEN Typ 100 578 ([https://id.lib.harvard.edu/digital_collections/990057347240203941 digital copy])
* 1579: ''Doctrina Christaã, a maneyra de Dialogo [...].'' Em Cochim, no Collegio da Madre de Deos. — Known copies: Sorbonne Université ([https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP981-1-15-54 digital copy], original lost), Bodleian Library
* 1580: ''Confessionairo''. — Known copies: Bodleian Library, Vet. Or. f. Tam. 1., Moscow State University Library.
* 1586: [''Flos sanctorum'']. — Known copies: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat.ind.24 ([https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.ind.24 digital copy]), Royal Danish Library

==See also==

* [[Printing in Goa]]
* [[Printing in Tamil language]]
* [[Statue of Our Lady of Miracles, Jaffna patao]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite conference
| first = Rajamanickam
| last = S
| title = Padre Henrique Henriques, the Father of the Tamil Press
| book-title = Second International Tamil Conference Seminar
| publisher=International Association of Tamil Research, Madras
| year = 1968
| url = http://www.tamilnation.org/conferences/IATR68_Madras/rajamanickam.htm
| access-date = 27 January 2009}}

*{{Cite book
| last = Anderson
| first = Gerald
| title = Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
| publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
| year = 1999
| pages = 288
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4680-8}}

*{{Cite book
| last = Perera
| first = Simon Gregory
| title = Jesuits in Ceylon (in the XVI and XVII Centuries)
| publisher=Asian Educational Services
| year = 2004
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/jesuitsinceyloni0000pere/page/156 156]
| url = https://archive.org/details/jesuitsinceyloni0000pere
| isbn = 978-81-206-1843-5}}

*{{Cite book
| last = Various authors
| title = Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2
| publisher=Sahitya Akademi
| year = 1988
| pages = 1669
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC
| isbn = 978-81-260-1194-0}}

*{{Cite book
| last = Mandal
| first = Ranita
| title = Muhammad Shahidullah & His Contribution To Bengali Linguistics
| publisher=PhD Thesis, [[University of Calcutta]]
| year = 2002
| pages = Chapter 3
| url = http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/benling/chapter3.html
}}

*{{Cite web
| last = Kalyanasundaram
| first = K
| title = Literary Contributions of select list of Tamil Scholars from Overseas
| publisher=TamilLibrary.org
| url = http://tamilelibrary.org/teli/tschlr.html
| access-date = 27 January 2009}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henriques, Henrique}}
[[Category:1520 births]]
[[Category:People from Vila Viçosa]]
[[Category:1600 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Portuguese Jesuits]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian Jesuits]]
[[Category:University of Coimbra alumni]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Linguists of Tamil]]
[[Category:Portuguese Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:Jesuit missionaries]]
[[Category:Missionary linguists]]

Roman Catholic Kshatriya

2025-12-16T05:56:57Z

Greyscaledesign: Article updated with improved flow

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Main|Caste system among South Asian Christians}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| image = [[File:Cuncolim_Martyrs.jpg]]
| image_caption = [[Cuncolim Massacre|Martyrs of Cuncolim]] killed by [[dhoti]] clad [[warrior]]s of pre-Christian Konkani Cxatrias
| group = Roman Catholic Kshatriya
| native_name = '''Chardo'''
| native_name_lang = kon
| langs = [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[British English]], [[Hindi-Urdu]]& [[Bombay Mahratti]]. Previously [[Indo-Portuguese]], [[Liturgical use of Latin|Latin]] & [[Sanskrit]]
| religions = [[Latin Church in India]]
| related = [[Shett]]s, [[Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathare]]es, [[Solar Dynasty|Purvoes]], [[Daivajna]]s, [[Christian Brahmins]], [[Aagri]], [[Koli Christians|Koli]], [[ Kharvi]], [[Gauda and Kunbi|Kunbi]] & [[Chaukalshi]]s
}}
'''Roman Catholic Kshatriyas''' or '''Christian Kshatriyas'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/mesmerising-mussoll-khell-of-chandor/201323 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221200321/https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/mesmerising-mussoll-khell-of-chandor/201323 | archive-date=21 February 2023 | title=Mesmerising Mussoll Khell of Chandor | date=20 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/ampstories/web-stories/centuries-old-tradition-in-goas-chandor-village | title=Centuries-old tradition in Goa's Chandor village }}</ref> (simply '''Cxatrias''' in [[Romi Konkani]], [[Indo-Portuguese]] & [[Indian English]]) are a modern [[Christianisation of Goa|Christianised]] caste among [[Goan Catholics|Goan]], [[Bombay East Indian]], [[Mangalorean Catholic|Mangalorean]], [[Christianity in Maharashtra#Bārdeskars|Kudali]] & [[Karwari Catholics]]. They are patrilineal descendants of [[Kshatriya]] and [[Vaishya Vani]] converts to the [[Latin Church]], in parts of the [[Konkan region]] that were under [[Portuguese Goa]]n rule.<ref name="Silva"/><ref name="Chardos"/><ref>{{harvnb|Risley|Crooke|1915|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QA2OKK0-bdcC&pg=PA80 80]}}</ref> They are known as ''Chardo'' in [[Goan Konkani]],<ref>{{harvnb|Pinto|1999|p=165}}</ref> ''Charodi'' ([[Kanarese language|Kanarese]] ''Tsāroḍi'') in Canarese Konkani<ref name="Silva">{{harvnb|Silva|Fuchs|1965|p=4}}</ref> & as ''[[Sandor, Palghar|Sandori]]'' or ''[[Vadval]]'' in [[Maharashtrian Konkani|Damanese-Maharashtrian Konkani]]; while others also converted from the ''[[Khatri]]'', ''[[Panchkalshi]]'', ''[[Daivajna|Sonar]]'' & ''[[Pathare Prabhu|Pathare]]'' subcastes who speak the [[Bombay East Indian dialect]].<ref>http://www.sahapedia.org/sociological-study-of-the-east-indian-community-of-mumbai</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.east-indians.net/EI_history.htm | title=History of the East Indian Community }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Vadval | title=India's Communities | isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 | last1=Singh | first1=K. S. | last2=India | first2=Anthropological Survey of | year=1998 | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://eastindianmemoryco.com/portfolio/east-indian-love | title=Poster: EI Love | date=26 August 2017 }}</ref><ref name="The East Indian Dialect">{{cite web |title=The East Indian Dialect |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/the-east-indian-dialect |website=Sahapedia |access-date=12 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606093921/https://www.sahapedia.org/the-east-indian-dialect |url-status=live }}</ref> Some ''Chardos'' have maintained [[endogamy]], while others have intermarried with ''[[Christian Brahmin|Bamonns]]''.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyU4nepW2xQC&dq=chardo+Endogamy&pg=PT34 | title=Christians of India | isbn=978-0-7619-9822-8 | last1=Robinson | first1=Rowena | date=9 October 2003 | publisher=SAGE Publications }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C9uAAAAMAAJ&q=chardo+Endogamy | title=The Transforming of Goa | isbn=978-81-85569-45-1 | last1=Dantas | first1=Norman | date=1999 | publisher=Other India Press }}</ref>

==Etymology==
The precise etymology of the word ''Chardo'' is unclear. Two most probable explanations are as follows:<ref name="gazat"/>
* The roots of this Konkani word is said to lie in the [[Prakrit]] word ''[[Chavda dynasty|Chavda]]'', which is the name of a [[dynasty]] who are said to have migrated to [[Old Goa]] from [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] in the 7th and 8th centuries, after their kingdom was destroyed by the [[Arab Sind|Sunni Caliphate's conquest]] in around 740 AD.<ref name="gazat">{{harvnb|Gune|1979|p=21}}</ref>
* Another explanation given by historian B.D. Satoskar is that the Konkani word comes from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Chatur-rathi'' or the Prakrit ''Chau-radi'', which literally means "the ones who ride a chariot yoked with four horses".<ref name="gazat"/>

==Origins==
[[Kshatriya]]s of the [[Konkan region]] were composed of the [[warrior]] class, they ranked second in the [[Varna (Hinduism)|Hindu Varnashrama]] system. Those who were into trading by profession, were known as ''Chattim'', which was an occupational appellation common to [[Brahmans]] as well.<ref name="Chardos"/> The origins of this Christian caste can be traced back to the [[Christianisation]] of the [[Velhas Conquistas]] ({{langx|pt|Old Conquests}}) by the [[Portuguese East Indies]], during the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="Chardos"/> [[Missionaries]] of the [[Jesuit]], [[Franciscan]] & [[Dominican Order]]s converted many Kshatriyas to Christianity.<ref name="Prabhu">{{harvnb|Prabhu|1999|p=133}}</ref> The caste appellation of ''Chardo'' eventually fell into disuse among the remaining few Hindu Kshatriyas, who began calling themselves ''Maratha'', in order to differentiate themselves from those Kshatriyas, who had embraced Christianity & to also align themselves with the Hindu [[Mahrattas]] in the neighbouring [[Mahratta Confederacy]].<ref name="Chardos"/> The Kshatriyas and Vaishya Vanis, who were among the last to convert & could not be admitted to the ''Chardo'' fold identify as ''Gauddos''.<ref name="Chardos">{{harvnb|Gomes|1987|pp=77–78}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7Qrc4Z-ZdAC&dq=gauddo+caste+Goa&pg=PA40 | title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (In 36 volumes) | isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 | last1=Bhatt | first1=S. C. | date=2005 | publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rl9uAAAAMAAJ&q=gauddo+caste+Goa | title=Goa | isbn=978-81-237-4139-0 | last1=Gomes | first1=Olivinho | date=2004 | publisher=National Book Trust, India }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ&q=gauddo+caste+Goa | title=History, Religion and Culture of India | isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 | last1=Gajrani | first1=S. | date=2004 | publisher=Isha Books }}</ref>

The earliest known instance of Kshatriya conversions to Christianity in what is present-day Goa, took place in 1560, when 700 Kshatriyas were baptised ''en masse'' at the [[Carambolim]] village of [[Tiswadi]]. Their decision to embrace Christianity was made after deliberation of the village assembly, the decision came about as they were subjects of Portuguese rule.<ref name="de Sousa"/> Another instance of a Kshatriya group of 200 members being baptized ''en masse'' at [[Batim]] in [[Bardez]], in August, 1560; the event is mentioned in a letter of a Jesuit missionary, [[Luís Fróis]], dated 13 November 1560.<ref name="de Sousa">{{harvnb|Pinto|1999|p=166}}</ref>

The ''Charodis'' form one of the largest groups in the [[Mangalorean Catholics|Mangalorean Catholic]] community.<ref name="Silva"/> In [[South Canara]], many ''Charodis'' took up service in the army of the [[Keladi Nayaka]]s, and came to constitute the bulk of the Christian soldiers in their army. The Naik-Lewis families of [[Kallianpur]] near [[Udupi]], produced many distinguished soldiers and officers in the Keladi army. In recognition of their service, the Keladi Nayakas rewarded them with large tracts of land in Kallianpur.<ref>{{harvnb|Pinto|1999|p=180}}</ref> During the [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence struggle]], ''Chardos'' were perceived by Indian nationalists to be more sympathetic to Indian nationalist leanings and less likely to be pro-European loyalists than ''[[Roman Catholic Brahmin|Bamonns]]''.<ref name="Cunha">{{harvnb|Desai|2000|p=5}}</ref>

The ''Chardos'' have generally been an endogamous group, so they did not inter-marry or mingle with lower castes, while the statutes and norms of the Roman Catholic Church & Portuguese rule prevented them from indulging in [[Hindu caste based discrimination]].<ref>{{harvnb|Sinha|2002|p=74}}</ref> ''[[Padval]]s'' are a subcaste within Roman Catholic Cxatrias of [[Jain Bunt]] origin.

==See also==
{{Portal|Catholicism}}
*[[Bettiah Christians#Castes|Christian Rajputs]]
*[[Reddy Catholics]]
*[[Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Guntur#Parishes_in_Guntur_Diocese|Kamma Catholic Christians]]
*[[Christianisation of Goa]]
*[[Christianity in Goa]]
*[[Christianity in Karnataka]]
*[[Christianity in Maharashtra]]
*[[Kadambas of Goa]]
*[[Norteiro|Christianity in Damaon]]
*[[Christianity in Gujarat]]
*[[Cuncolim Revolt]]
*[[Mussoll]]
*[[Roman Catholicism in Goa]]
*[[Roman Catholicism in Bombay]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Desai |first1=Nishtha |author-link=Nishtha Desai |url=http://www.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr/desai.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]], 36 [[Kilobyte|KB]] |title=The Denationalisation of Goans: An Insight into the Construction of Cultural Identity |journal=Lusotopie |year=2000 |pages=469–476 |access-date=19 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322225837/http://www.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr/desai.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}
*{{Cite book |last=Gomes |first=Olivinho |year=1987 |title=Village Goa: a study of Goan social structure and change |publisher=S. Chand}}
*{{Cite book |editor-last=Gune |editor-first=Vithal Trimbak |year=1979 |title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory: Goa, Daman and Diu. District Gazetteer Part 1: Goa |publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3386/}}
*{{Citation |last=Pereira |first=Benegal |url=http://www.goacom.com/culture/biographies/eddiepereira/ |title=The life and times of Eddie Sadashiva Pereira: An extraordinary Goenkar (1915–1995) |publisher=Goacom.com |ref=eddie |access-date=19 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927092511/http://www.goacom.com/culture/biographies/eddiepereira/ |archive-date=27 September 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
*{{Cite book |last=Pinto |first=Pius Fidelis |authorlink=Pius Fidelis Pinto |year=1999 |title=History of Christians in coastal Karnataka, 1500–1763 A.D. |location=Mangalore |publisher=Samanvaya Prakashan}}
*{{Cite book |last=Prabhu |first=Alan Machado |year=1999 |title=Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians |publisher=I.J.A. Publications |isbn=978-81-86778-25-8}}
*{{Cite book |last2=Crooke |first2=William |last1=Risley |first1=Herbert Hope |authorlink2=William Crooke |authorlink1=Herbert Hope Risley |title=The people of India |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024114773 |publisher=Thacker & Co |year=1915 |access-date=15 February 2012}}
*{{Cite book |year=2003 |last=Robinson |first=Rowena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyU4nepW2xQC |title=Christians of India |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-9822-8 |access-date=19 April 2011}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Silva |first1=Severine |last2=Fuchs |first2=Stephan |url=http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/afs/pdf/a173.pdf |title=The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara, India |journal=Asian Ethnology |year=1965 |series=2 |pages=1–52 |volume=24 |access-date=1 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320030443/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/afs/pdf/a173.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Arun |year=2002 |title=Goa Indica: a critical portrait of postcolonial Goa |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |isbn=978-81-85002-31-6}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
*{{Cite book |last=Morenas |first=Zenaides |year=2002 |title=The Mussoll dance of Chandor: the dance of the Christian Kshatriyas |publisher=Clarissa Vaz e Morenas Konkani Research Fellowship Endowment Fund}}.
{{refend}}

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