https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Gretta18W5803957 2026-08-16T03:14:47Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudaliarpet_Assembly_constituency&diff=518687 2026-05-08T10:20:32Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started new bio - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Puducherry legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | constituency_no =18<br /> | electors ={{formatnum:35597}}<br /> | union_territory = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | name = Mudaliarpet<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | map_image = Mudaliarpet-assembly-constituency-18.png<br /> | district = [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]<br /> | established = 1964<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | mla = L. Sambath<br /> | party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mudaliarpet''' is a [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency in the Union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]].&lt;ref name=pyceo&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/img/maps/overall.jpg |title=Map showing the Assembly constituencies of the U.T. of Pondicherry |date= |access-date=9 November 2021 |publisher = Chief Electoral Office, Puducherry}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency is part of [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |Dr. MAS Subramanian <br /> |<br /> |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |[[A. Baskar]]<br /> |<br /> |[[AIADMK]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |[[A. Baskar]]<br /> |<br /> |[[AIADMK]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |[[L. Sambath]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.30}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.75}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|67.15}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|37.22}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2001|2001]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.98}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|49.69}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|45.45}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|45.39}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1985|1985]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|48.39}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.68}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}|43.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|62.01}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Indian People's Front}}|51.80}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Johnkumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12945 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=L. Sambath|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10574 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Mani Balan |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=5906 |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mu.Velavan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=730 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. ANNATHURAI |party=Independent |votes=384 |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2371 |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =34358 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2021 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref name=election2021&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13417-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Sambath |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,151 |percentage=51.30 |change=+41.71 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Baskar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,972 |percentage=37.15 |change=-12.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Arikrishnan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,321 |percentage=4.47 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Velavan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,304 |percentage=4.41 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=452 |percentage=1.53 |change=-1.54 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,179 |percentage=14.15 |change=-4.57 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=29,536 |percentage=83.01 |change= -3.39 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,583 |change =6.80 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2016 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Baskar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,321 |percentage=49.75 |change=-17.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Balan |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=8,934 |percentage=31.04 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,759 |percentage=9.59 |change=-19.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=883 |percentage=3.07 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Selvam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=593 |percentage=2.06 |change=-0.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopalakrishnan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=443 |percentage=1.54 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Abishegam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=385 |percentage=1.34 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Haridass |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=288 |percentage=1.00 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,387 |percentage=18.72 |change=-19.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=28,784 |percentage=86.39 |change= -0.14 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,317 |change =13.77 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -17.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2011 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Baskar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,016 |percentage=67.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. M. A. S. Subramanian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,289 |percentage=28.76 |change=-8.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Padmanaban |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=575 |percentage=2.27 |change=1.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Jegan @ Jeganadhane |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=231 |percentage=0.91 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Subramani |party=Independent politician |votes=123 |percentage=0.49 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,727 |percentage=38.39 |change=33.54 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=25,340 |percentage=86.53 |change= -1.32 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,284 |change =-11.19 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 29.93 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2006 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2006 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925222225/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=25 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dr. MAS Subramanian | MAS Subramanian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,783 |percentage=37.22 |change=-3.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. Kannan|party=Puducherry Munnetra Congress|votes=9,379|percentage=32.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman|party=Independent politician|votes=7,949|percentage=27.44|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=J. Murugan|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|votes=556|percentage=1.92|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=J. Ramdass|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=275|percentage=0.95|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,404 |percentage=4.85 |change=-1.91 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=28,968|percentage=87.85|change=14.62}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,973 |change =8.45 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.75 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2001 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2001 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927050359/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. M. A. S. Subramanian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,119 |percentage=40.98 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,616 |percentage=34.22 |change=-1.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Logalatchagan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,647 |percentage=11.89 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Ravindran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,369 |percentage=10.65 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Muthu |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=334 |percentage=1.50 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Sanjeevi |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=169 |percentage=0.76 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,503 |percentage=6.75 |change=-6.79 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=22,254 |percentage=73.23 |change= 5.56 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,403 |change =-7.70 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -4.47 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1996 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135105/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manjini |party=Communist Party of India |votes=11,380 |percentage=49.69 |change=25.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,278 |percentage=36.15 |change=16.28 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Thiruvarasan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,506 |percentage=10.94 |change=3.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sivaraman |party=Independent politician |votes=263 |percentage=1.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Jayakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=153 |percentage=0.67 |change=-0.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Subramanian @ K. S. Mani |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=123 |percentage=0.54 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,102 |percentage=13.54 |change=-8.18 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=22,902 |percentage=71.54 |change= 3.88 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,940 |change =18.11 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Independent politician |swing= 4.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1991 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135604/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Independent politician |votes=8,230 |percentage=45.45 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manjini |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,295 |percentage=23.72 |change=-21.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Bhalan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,597 |percentage=19.86 |change=-21.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Thiruvarasan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,331 |percentage=7.35 |change=-6.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Ammanathan |party=Janata Party |votes=411 |percentage=2.27 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Selvam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=133 |percentage=0.73 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Balaraman |party=Independent politician |votes=101 |percentage=0.56 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,935 |percentage=21.73 |change=17.37 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=18,109 |percentage=67.66 |change= -4.02 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,889 |change =1.17 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 0.06 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1990 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130547/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manjini |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,905 |percentage=45.39 |change=1.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,049 |percentage=41.02 |change=-6.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Thiruvarasan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,633 |percentage=13.42 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=856 |percentage=4.36 |change=1.46 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=19,620 |percentage=71.69 |change= -5.71 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,566 |change =59.35 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -1.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140417/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,260 |percentage=47.06 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manjini |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,874 |percentage=44.16 |change=17.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Ganesan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,138 |percentage=8.56 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=386 |percentage=2.90 |change=-18.34 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=13,302 |percentage=77.39 |change= -4.90 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,299 |change =26.34 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= -1.32 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1980 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041541/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=5,258 |percentage=48.39 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manjini |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,950 |percentage=27.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. B. Govindan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,306 |percentage=21.22 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alagiri |party=Independent politician |votes=353 |percentage=3.25 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,308 |percentage=21.24 |change=3.24 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=10,867 |percentage=82.30 |change= 6.54 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,692 |change =8.60 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 6.71 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1977 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043330/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,947 |percentage=41.68 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Radharishanan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,243 |percentage=23.69 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jeyaselan Padmanabhan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,893 |percentage=19.99 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Muthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,387 |percentage=14.65 |change=-1.66 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,704 |percentage=17.99 |change=11.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,470 |percentage=75.75 |change= -11.37 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,608 |change =16.74 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing= -1.38 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1974 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1974 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917133352/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sababady Kothandraman |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=3,889 |percentage=43.06 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Alwar |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,328 |percentage=36.85 |change=-25.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Vedanayagam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,473 |percentage=16.31 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Govidasamy |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=341 |percentage=3.78 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=561 |percentage=6.21 |change=-17.81 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,031 |percentage=87.12 |change= 2.02 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,800 |change =18.66 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -18.95 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1969 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1969 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140530/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Y. Kailasa Surbian |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,748 |percentage=62.01 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. S. Janakipaman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,909 |percentage=37.99 |change=-10.21 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,839 |percentage=24.02 |change=20.42 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,657 |percentage=85.10 |change= 2.33 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,102 |change =-1.27 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Indian People's Front |swing= 10.21 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1964 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mudaliarpet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1964 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515062755/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=15 May 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. Subbiah]] |party=Indian People's Front |votes=3,878 |percentage=51.80 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Srinivasan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,609 |percentage=48.20 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=269 |percentage=3.59 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,487 |percentage=82.77 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,219 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian People's Front |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Puducherry district]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Puducherry}}<br /> {{coord|11.920|79.807|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Puducherry district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:1964 establishments in Pondicherry]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagdish_Nandan_College&diff=505142 2026-05-08T04:43:56Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new basic details w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|College in Madhubani district}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Jagdish Nandan College<br /> | native_name = जगदीश नंदन कॉलेज<br /> | image = Babu Jagadish Nandan Singh.jpg<br /> | caption = Babusaheb Jagadish Nandan Singh - The founder of the college.<br /> | type = Government college<br /> | established = 1959<br /> | founder = Babushaeb Jagadish Nandan Singh<br /> | parent = [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]]<br /> | affiliation = [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]]<br /> | principal = Dr Phulo Paswan<br /> | city = Madhubani<br /> | country = India<br /> | campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br /> | website = {{URL|https://jncollegemdb.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jagdish Nandan College''' also known as '''J. N. College, Madhubani''' is a constituent degree college of the [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]], [[Darbhanga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-20 |title=ललित नारायण मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय में 39 असिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर की नियुक्ति |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/darbhanga-university-service-commission-appointed-39-assistant-professor-in-lalit-narayan-mithila-university-local18-8703199.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=डॉ. फूलो पासवान जेएन कॉलेज व डॉ. अनिल कुमार चौधरी बने महिला कॉलेज के प्राचार्य |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-new-principal-appointed-at-jn-college-prof-sk-chaudhary-announces-leadership-changes-201727521337833.html |work=Hindustan}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located in the city of [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[Bihar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-07-16 |title=जेएन कॉलेज में किया गया एमएसयू का संगठन विस्तार, जिम्मेदारी दी गई - Madhubani News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/madhubani/news/msus-organization-was-expanded-in-jn-college-responsibility-was-given-133327430.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717071111/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/madhubani/news/msus-organization-was-expanded-in-jn-college-responsibility-was-given-133327430.html |archive-date=17 July 2024 |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-08-30 |title=डॉ. अनिल चौधरी ने जेएन कॉलेज के प्रधानाचार्य का पदभार ग्रहण किया - Madhubani News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/madhubani/news/dr-anil-chaudhary-took-over-as-principal-of-jn-college-133561823.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831192053/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/madhubani/news/dr-anil-chaudhary-took-over-as-principal-of-jn-college-133561823.html |archive-date=31 August 2024 |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-02-07 |title=Kameshwar Chaupal, Who Laid Foundation Of Ram Mandir, Passes Away in Bihar |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/kameshwar-chaupal-passed-away-who-laid-the-first-brick-in-the-construction-of-ayodhya-ram-mandir-enn25020704157 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a co-educational institute providing education up to graduation in the stream of science, commerce, humanities and social sciences. It is also affiliated to the [[Bihar School Examination Board]], [[Patna]] for +2 (intermediate college) students admitted in the college.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The college was initially established at [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]] in the year 1959. Later in the year 1962, it was transferred in the city of [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=::J. N. College, Madhubani:: |url=https://jncollegemdb.com/history.php |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=jncollegemdb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The foundation of the college was incepted by Babushaeb Jagadish Nandan Singh in 1962. Singh was the son of Babu Hitendra Singh of Madhubani Deorhi(chota traf). The college was named after him. His wife was Gunjeshwari Bahuaasin, who also played an important role in this.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=story-darbhanga-maharaj-family-daughter-in-law-gunjeshwari-singh-passed-away-opened-the-first-college-of-madhubani |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-darbhanga-maharaj-family-daughter-in-law-gunjeshwari-singh-passed-away-opened-the-first-college-of-madhubani-10118701.html |work=Hindustan}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> The present principal of the college is Dr. Phulo Paswan, since 28 September 2024. Before him Dr. Anil Kumar Chaudhary was the principal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> == Notable alumni ==<br /> <br /> * [[Kameshwar Choupal]] - A former trustee of the ''[[Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra|Ram Janmabhoomi Tirtha Kshetra Trust]]'' and former member of the [[Bihar Legislative Council]] and former provincial president of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad|Vishwa Hindu Parishad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Dr. Nagendra Narayan Jha]] - A former &quot;&quot;[[reader lecturer in the Maithili Department]]&quot;&quot; and the &quot;Gold Medalist&quot; in M.A.(Master of Arts) from the Patna University in 1962.He served the college from 1965 to 2004 almost 39 years. He was the member of Madhubani Deorhi chota traf.<br /> He died on 30th September 2025.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{coord|26.3600|86.0722|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Education in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Lalit Narayan Mithila University]]<br /> [[Category:Madhubani district]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1959]]<br /> [[Category:Colleges affiliated to Lalit Narayan Mithila University]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Bihar-university-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navina_Najat_Haidar&diff=521294 2026-05-08T04:17:54Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started a details - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian art historian and curator}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> <br /> '''Navina Najat Haidar''' is an art historian and curator, and currently serves as the chief curator of Islamic art at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in [[New York City|New York]]. <br /> <br /> == Life ==<br /> Haidar was born in 1968 in London to [[Salman Haidar]], an Indian diplomat, and [[Kusum Haidar]], an Indian stage actress. She was educated in India, and also spent parts of her childhood in Afghanistan, [[Bhutan]], and New York, as a consequence of her father's diplomatic postings. She was initially educated in India at Bal Bharati School in Delhi, [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar|Lawrence School Sanawar]] and [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]], [[Delhi University]]. She later studied at [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]], where she completed a doctorate in art history, studying the [[Kishangarh painting|Kishangarh]] school of painting in the 18th century. Her husband, [[Bernard Haykel]], is of Lebanese and Polish-Jewish descent, and teaches at [[Princeton University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 February 2020|title=Navina Najat Haidar Is Named Curator in Charge of Department of Islamic Art at The Met|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2020/navina-najat-haidar-is-named-curator-in-charge-of-department-of-islamic-art|access-date=2021-03-12|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bernard Haykel {{!}} Department of Near Eastern Studies|url=https://nes.princeton.edu/people/bernard-haykel|access-date=2021-03-12|website=nes.princeton.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sethi|first=Sunil|date=2015-06-19|title=Lunch with BS: Navina Najat Haidar|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/lunch-with-bs-navina-najat-haidar-museum-curator-115061901290_1.html|access-date=2021-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kazanjian|first=Dodie|title=Navina Najat Haidar: The Magic Touch|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/navina-najat-haidar-the-magic-touch|access-date=2021-03-12|website=Vogue|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Haider was appointed the Nasser Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah Curator for Islamic art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2018, and was appointed to head the Metropolitan Museum's Department of Islamic Art in 2020. Prior to that, she was the curator in charge of co-ordinating the Metropolitan Museum of Art's New Islamic Galleries project.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> During her career as a curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Haidar has curated a number of well-received exhibitions. In 2015 she curated an exhibition of art from the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan plateau]] in India titled ''Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy'' (2015) with Marika Sardar, in which works were collected from institutional and private collections from India, West Asia, Europe and North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2015|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2015/sultans-of-deccan-india|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The exhibition was conceived of after a symposium on Deccan art organised by Haidar and Sardar, which focused on textiles and paintings from the Deccan region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Opulence and fantasy at the Met {{!}} Christie's|url=https://www.christies.com/features/Opulence-and-fantasy-at-the-Met-6425-1.aspx|access-date=2021-03-12|website=www.christies.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The exhibition was very well-received, with the ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' describing the collection as &quot;...wonderfully contextualised,&quot; and praising the curatorial intent, to conclude that &quot;...the strength of the exhibition and the source of the most dramatic and revelatory information is the magnificent selection of paintings.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wilkin|first=Karen|date=2015-06-22|title='Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700: Opulence and Fantasy' Review|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/sultans-of-deccan-india-1500-1700-opulence-and-fantasy-review-1435011725|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0099-9660}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kennicott|first=Philip|date=2015-05-08|title=At the Met, the artistic riches of India's Deccan Plateau|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/at-the-met-the-artistic-riches-of-indias-deccan-plateau/2015/05/07/27919dae-ef4d-11e4-a55f-38924fca94f9_story.html|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Haidar|first1=Navina|last2=curator|title=Opulent And Apolitical: The Art Of The Met's Islamic Galleries|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/08/03/429010005/opulent-and-apolitical-the-art-of-the-mets-islamic-galleries|access-date=2021-03-12|website=NPR.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''New York Times'' reviewed the exhibition, noting that the exhibition was curated to create a &quot;...comfortable lean-in intimacy....enhanced by the curators’ determination to display some works in a strikingly fresh manner.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Roberta|date=2015-04-23|title=Review: 'Sultans of Deccan India,' Unearthly Treasures of a Golden Age, at the Met (Published 2015)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/arts/design/review-sultans-of-deccan-india-unearthly-treasures-of-a-golden-age-at-the-met.html|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haidar then lectured on the exhibition in India, with presentations on the collection, receiving largely positive reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Puri|first=Anjali|date=2015-03-28|title=A New York museum will celebrate Deccan sultanate's golden age|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/a-new-york-museum-will-celebrate-deccan-sultanate-s-golden-age-115032600661_1.html|access-date=2021-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Shailaja|date=2017-04-03|title=Museum of stories|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/navina-najat-haidar-on-how-museums-can-be-relevant-to-our-times/article17771667.ece|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 March 2007|first=Mahalakshmi |last=P. |title=navina haidar: Great art refines the mind and uplifts the spirit: Navina Haidar - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/great-art-refines-the-mind-and-uplifts-the-spirit-navina-haidar/articleshow/57620219.cms|access-date=2021-03-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 June 2015|title=New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art hosts exhibition on Deccan sultans jewellery|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/new-yorks-metropolitan-museum-of-art-hosts-exhibition-on-deccan-sultans-jewellery/articleshow/47817144.cms|access-date=2021-03-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Historian [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] also positively reviewed the exhibition for the ''[[The New York Review of Books|New York Review of Books]]'' and described the related publication with the same name as one of his favourite books of that year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dalrymple|first=William|title=The Renaissance of the Sultans|journal=New York Review of Books|language=en|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/06/25/renaissance-sultans/|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0028-7504}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Books of the Year: authors on their favourite books of 2016|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2016/11/books-year-authors-their-favourite-books-2016|access-date=2023-05-20|newspaper=The New Statesman|date=20 November 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was followed by a publication authored by Haidar and Sarkar titled with the same name as the exhibition. The book won the Foreword Reviews' Book of the Year Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sultans of the Deccan 1500-1700|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Sultans_of_Deccan_India_1500_1700|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, Haidar curated a collection of Rajput art for the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], which was also well-received and accompanied by a collection of essays on Rajput art, including one authored by Haidar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 August 2016|title=Divine Pleasures: Painting from India's Rajput Courts—The Kronos Collections|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2016/divine-pleasures|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Divine Pleasures {{!}} Yale University Press|url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9781588395900/divine-pleasures|access-date=2021-03-12|website=yalebooks.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Farago|first=Jason|date=2016-07-14|title='Divine Pleasures' Celebrates the Colors of Desire in Indian Paintings (Published 2016)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/15/arts/design/divine-pleasures-celebrates-the-colors-of-desire-in-indian-paintings.html|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dobrzynski|first=Judith H.|date=2016-05-31|title=Rajput Paintings at the Met|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-rajput-courts-at-the-met-1464655319|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0099-9660}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the curator for the museum's New Islamic Galleries project, Haidar along with curator [[Sheila R. Canby|Sheila Canby]] also directed and oversaw the construction of new galleries and installations, including the installation of a Moroccan court within the museum's premises. [[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]]'s art critic, [[Jerry Saltz]], praised these redesigned galleries as constituting a &quot;...magnificently redesigned and generously expanded swath of space.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jerry Saltz on the Met's new galleries of Near Eastern art - artnet Magazine|url=http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/saltz/metropolitan-museum-islamic-art-11-4-11.asp|access-date=2021-03-12|website=www.artnet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and the ''New York Times'' describing it as &quot;...intelligent as it is visually resplendent.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cotter|first=Holland|date=2011-10-27|title=A Cosmopolitan Trove of Exotic Beauty (Published 2011)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/arts/design/the-mets-new-islamic-galleries-review.html|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to her curatorial work, Haidar has made contributions on art history in ''The Hindu'' and ''Newsweek Pakistan.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Navina Najat|date=2015-10-31|title=Ramayana, with a Mughal brush|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/ramayana-with-a-mughal-brush/article7823296.ece|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Haidar|first=Navina Najat|title=Reimagining the Mughals|url=https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/reimagining-the-mughals/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=www.newsweekpakistan.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> <br /> * Navina Najat Haidar and Marika Sardar, ''[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Sultans_of_Deccan_India_1500_1700?Tag=india&amp;title=&amp;author=&amp;pt=0&amp;tc=0&amp;dept=0&amp;fmt=0 Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700: Opulence and Fantasy]'' (2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Haidar|first1=Navina Najat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|last2=Sardar|first2=Marika|date=2015-04-13|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-300-21110-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Navina Najat Haidar, Courtney Ann Stewart, ''Treasures from India: Jewels from the Al-Thani Collection'' (2014)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Haidar|first1=Navina Najat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZqgBAAAQBAJ|title=Treasures from India: Jewels from the Al-Thani Collection|last2=Stewart|first2=Courtney Ann|date=2014-10-27|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-300-20887-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Ian Alteveer, Navina Najat Haidar, Sheena Wagstaff, ''Imran Qureshi: The Roof Garden Commission'' (2013)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Alteveer|first1=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLSv0QhhpNQC|title=Imran Qureshi: The Roof Garden Commission|last2=Haidar|first2=Navina Najat|last3=Wagstaff|first3=Sheena|date=2013|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-1-58839-519-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Navina Najat Haidar, Kendra Weisbin, ''Islamic Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Walking Guide'' (2013)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Haidar|first1=Navina Najat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w12OmQEACAAJ|title=Islamic Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Walking Guide|last2=Weisbin|first2=Kendra|date=2013|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-1-85759-827-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Navina Najat Haidar and Marika Sardar, ''Sultans of the South: Arts of India's Deccan Courts, 1323-1687'' (2011)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Haidar|first1=Navina Najat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWNHYID4WqAC|title=Sultans of the South: Arts of India's Deccan Courts, 1323-1687|last2=Sardar|first2=Marika|date=2011|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-1-58839-438-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Navina Najat Haidar, ''The Kishangarh School of Painting, C.1680-1850'' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Haidar|first=Navina Najat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FMZnQEACAAJ|title=The Kishangarh School of Painting, C.1680-1850|date=1995|publisher=University of Oxford|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Haidar, Navina Najat}}<br /> [[Category:Indian art historians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian art curators]]<br /> [[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:1966 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women historians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women curators]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sambhavna_Seth&diff=532283 2026-05-02T16:18:02Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new initial entry and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Sambhavna Seth<br /> | image = Sambhavna Seth at Society Leadership Awards 2017.jpg<br /> | caption = Seth in 2017<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|12|12|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Delhi]], India<br /> | years_active = 1998-present<br /> | other_names = Bhojpuri Helen and Dancing Queen <br /> | occupation = Actress, model<br /> | known_for = {{ubl|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss 2]]''|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (season 4)|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]''|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''}}<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Avinash Dwivedi|2016}}<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sambhavna Seth''' (born 12 December 1980), Is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actor, model, dancer, and vlogger. She is best known for her Performance in Bhojpuri item Songs. She has also participated in various reality shows like ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss 2]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://biggboss2.in.com/contestants.php?id=7|title=Contestant profile: Sambhavna Seth|publisher=Bigg Boss 2 Official website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822082909/http://biggboss2.in.com/contestants.php?id=7|archive-date=22 August 2008|access-date=2008-09-28|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/raaz-pichley-janam-ka-to-peep-into-celebs-past-61621-2009-11-24 |title=Raaz Pichley Janam Ka to peep into celebs' past |date=November 25, 2009 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl]]'', ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676488045/sambhavna-eliminated-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4.html |title=Sambhavna eliminated from 'Khatron Ke Khiladi' season 4 |date=2011-03-06 |publisher=Sahara Samay |access-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927002024/http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676488045/sambhavna-eliminated-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4.html |archive-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Welcome - Baazi Mehmaan Nawaazi Ki' is back|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Welcome-Baazi-Mehmaan-Nawaazi-Ki-is-back-on-Life-OK-from-3rd-March/articleshow/30566961.cms?|website=Times of India|publisher=Bennett, Coleman &amp; Co. Ltd|agency=IANS|date=17 February 2014|access-date=13 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Bigg Boss Halla Bol]]''. She has also been a part of several [[Indian television drama|Hindi TV serial]] such as ''[[Razia Sultan (TV series)|Razia Sultan]]'', ''[[Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari]]''. She also participated in [[Colors TV]] reality show ''[[Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series)|Dancing Queen]]'' and emerged as the winner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-sambhavna-the-dancing-queen/articleshow/4248680.cms|title=Meet Sambhavna, the 'Dancing Queen' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Seth was born in 1980. Seth completed her [[graduation]] Studies from [[Maitreyi College]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maitreyi College|url=http://maitreyi.ac.in/topics.aspx?mid=2021-2022|access-date=2021-12-11|website=maitreyi.ac.in|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211120945/http://maitreyi.ac.in/topics.aspx?mid=2021-2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then she started working as a model after completing her [[graduation]] in [[Delhi]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Seth started her career as a dancer in various [[item songs]]. She appeared in many [[item songs]] in Bhojpuri films such as ''Roop rang ki nagri'', ''Lenga mein virus'', ''Nashe Nashe uthatha'', ''Jung'', and ''Kamar jab lachkela''.<br /> She has also played a small role in [[Hindi film]] like ''kids no 1'', ''[[36 China Town]]''. She then appeared in ''[[Paagalpan]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 May 2001 |title=Paagalpan: Youthful, romantic, and fresh! {{!}} undefined Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/paagalpan-youthful-romantic-and-fresh/articleshow/40352524.cms |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then she performed in various item songs including ''Aak kal tere mere pyar ke charche'', and ''Boliyan''.<br /> <br /> In 2008, she took part in the [[reality TV]] show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' which aired on [[Colors TV|Colors]] channel. While on the show, she became famous for her arguments and a kiss with [[Raja Chaudhary]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://biggboss2.in.com/contestants.php?id=7|title=Contestant profile: Sambhavna Seth|publisher=Bigg Boss 2 Official website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822082909/http://biggboss2.in.com/contestants.php?id=7|archive-date=22 August 2008|access-date=2008-09-28|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After ''[[Bigg Boss]]'', she has participated in other [[Reality show]] such as ''[[Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka]]'', ''[[Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl]]'', and ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''.<br /> <br /> In 2009, She also participated in [[Colors TV]] reality show ''[[Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series)|Dancing Queen]]'' and emerged as the winner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-sambhavna-the-dancing-queen/articleshow/4248680.cms|title=Meet Sambhavna, the 'Dancing Queen' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2011, she participated in the stunt-based reality TV show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]'', where she finished at 13th place.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676488045/sambhavna-eliminated-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4.html |title=Sambhavna eliminated from 'Khatron Ke Khiladi' season 4 |date=2011-03-06 |publisher=Sahara Samay |access-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927002024/http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676488045/sambhavna-eliminated-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4.html |archive-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She later entered ''[[Bigg Boss Halla Bol]]'' as a contestant. The show was hosted by the [[Farah Khan]].<br /> <br /> In 2019, she debuted into web series with [[ALT Balaji]] first Bhojpuri drama [[Hero Vardiwala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ALTBalaji all set to foray into Bhojpuri originals space with 'Hero Vardiwala' |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/altbalaji-to-foray-into-bhojpuri-originals-space-with-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-hero-vardiwala-32127 |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=Mumbai Live|date=12 January 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Seth married her longtime boyfriend Avinash Dwivedi in July 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=J |first1=Aaliyah |date=2016-07-15 |title=Sambhavna Seth marries long time boyfriend Avinash Dwivedi! |url=https://www-indiatvnews-com.translate.goog/photos/entertainment-sambhavna-seth-marriage-with-ashish-dwivedi-339573?_x_tr_sl=en&amp;_x_tr_tl=hi&amp;_x_tr_hl=hi&amp;_x_tr_pto=tc |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=India TV News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Seth runs a ''[[YouTube]]'' channel titled Sambhavna Seth Entertainment, which she manages along with her husband Avinash Dwivedi. The channel features daily life vlogs, lifestyle and travel content, as well as family-oriented videos, and frequently includes appearances by their pet dogs Coco, Cherry and Candy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sambhavna Seth Entertainment – YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/sambhavnasethentertainment<br /> |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Launched on 26 July 2014, the channel has grown significantly over the years and has amassed over 3.7 million subscribers, making it one of the prominent celebrity-led vlogging channels in India. The content largely documents everyday routines, celebrations, travel experiences and behind-the-scenes moments from Seth’s personal life.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sambhavna Seth Entertainment YouTube Stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/handle/sambhavnasethentertainment<br /> |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=Social Blade}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> <br /> ===Film===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable &quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2001<br /> | ''[[Paagalpan]]''<br /> | rowspan=3|Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2003<br /> | ''Kids no 1''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2005<br /> | ''[[Zameer (2005 film)|Zameer]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2006<br /> | ''[[36 China Town]]''<br /> | Simran<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|2007<br /> | ''[[Undertrial]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Gangotri (2007 film)|Gangotri]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2009<br /> | ''[[Kahe Gaye Pardes Piya]]''<br /> | Riya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> | ''[[Rakhwala (2013 film)|Rakhwala]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2014<br /> | ''[[Nagina (2014 film)|Nagina]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|2015<br /> | ''[[Welcome Back (film)|Welcome Back]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Patna Se Pakistan]]''<br /> | Laila<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Nirahua Chalal London]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title='Nirahua Chalal London': Nirahua and Sambhavna Seth's item song 'Pandit Ji Ka Beta Hai' is out - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/nirahua-chalal-london-nirahua-and-sambhavna-seths-item-song-pandit-ji-ka-beta-hai-is-out/articleshow/69735816.cms|website=The Times of India|date=11 June 2019 |language=en|access-date=15 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|2025<br /> | ''[[Mandala Murders]]''<br /> | Hema<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2008<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss 2]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> | 10th place<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2008–2009<br /> | ''[[Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series)|Dancing Queen]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> | Winner<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-sambhavna-the-dancing-queen/articleshow/4248680.cms |title=Meet Sambhavna, the 'Dancing Queen' |website=The Times of India |date=12 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2009–2010<br /> | ''[[Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/raaz-pichley-janam-ka-to-peep-into-celebs-past-61621-2009-11-24 |title=Raaz Pichley Janam Ka to peep into celebs' past |date=25 November 2009 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2010<br /> | ''[[Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2010<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2011<br /> | ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> | 13th place<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927002024/http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676488045/sambhavna-eliminated-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4.html |title=Sambhavna eliminated from 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 4' |date=6 March 2011 |publisher=Sahara Samay}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> | ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''<br /> | Guest<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title='Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki' is back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Welcome-Baazi-Mehmaan-Nawaazi-Ki-is-back-on-Life-OK-from-3rd-March/articleshow/30566961.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss Halla Bol]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> | 6th place<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''[[Razia Sultan (TV series)|Razia Sultan]]''<br /> | [[Shah Turkan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''[[Farah Ki Dawat]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2017<br /> | ''[[BIG Memsaab]]''<br /> | Judge<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''<br /> | Dayan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari]]''<br /> | Mahua<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> |''[[Hero Vardiwala]]''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Music videos===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | ''[[Supna (Bollywood song)|Supna]]''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Own production<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Supna – Official Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUPNA_VIDEO_ID |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> | ''[[Chand (Bollywood song)|Chand]]''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Own production<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chand – Official Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHAND_VIDEO_ID |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''[[Tujhe Yaad Badi Aaungi]]''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Own production<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tujhe Yaad Badi Aaungi – Official Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUJHEYAAD_VIDEO_ID |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''[[Tere Bina (Bollywood song)|Tere Bina]]''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Own production<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tere Bina – Official Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEREBINA_VIDEO_ID |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''[[Kamariya Ka Jhatka]]''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Bhojpuri song; own production<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kamariya Ka Jhatka – Official Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KAMARIYA_VIDEO_ID |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | ''Stage Show''<br /> | Main lead<br /> | Bollywood and Bhojpuri live stage performances<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sambhavna Seth live stage performances |url=https://www.youtube.com/@SambhavnaSethEntertainment/videos |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Show<br /> ! Result<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Bhojpuri Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Dancer<br /> |''Hanuman Bhakt Hawaldar''<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |Best Item Dance<br /> |''Ranbhoomi''<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Sabrang Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Entertainer<br /> |{{n/a}}<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|2018<br /> |Best item Dancer<br /> |{{n/a}}<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[International Bhojpuri Film Awards|IBF Awards]]<br /> |Dancing Queen <br /> |{{n/a}}<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{commons category-inline}}<br /> * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1191046/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_1_nm_7_in_0_q_sambhav Sambhavna Seth] at [[IMDb]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1980 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female models]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prithibi&diff=526814 2026-05-02T12:53:26Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating Info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali rock band}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Original research|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Prithibi<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | caption =<br /> | genre = {{ubl|[[glam rock|80s glam rock]]|[[Alternative Rock]]|[[Bangla Rock]]}}<br /> | origin = Kolkata, West Bengal, India<br /> | years_active = 2005–present<br /> | website = {{URL|prithibimusic.com}}<br /> | current_members = {{plainlist|<br /> * Kaushik Chakraborty (Vocals, Lyrics &amp; Composition)<br /> * Deep (Bass, Backing vocal) <br /> * Debasish (Drums)<br /> * Deepayan (Keyboard, Backing vocal)<br /> * Debangshu (Lead Guitar)<br /> }}<br /> | past_members = {{hlist| Aniruddha| Arunangshu| Arnab| Prosanto| Raja| Roni| Abhijit| Souvik | Saptarshi | Dipu | Palash Babumoshai | Pom | Puff | Kunal | Riku | Supran | Subhojit | Paromanu| Amin| Samarpan| Sharad| Bubun<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Prithibi''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: পৃথিবী) is a Bengali rock band officially formed in Kolkata, India in the year 2005. But its original formation goes back to 2001 at Ashutosh College.&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Prithibi reformed as Reincarnation 2020, releases debut song |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/prithibi-reformed-as-reincarnation-2020-releases-debut-song/articleshow/74667704.cms |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=Times of India |date=17 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaushik (vocals), Bubun (guitars), Prosanto (bass), Arnab (drums), Samarpan (guitars) and Amin (keyboards), were the team during whose time, the band achieved a stable group of members and received it's peak success. The band became more popular with audiences when they stood first runner up in a competition, Band-e-Mataram held in Kolkata by a music channel, [[Sangeet Bangla]], record label Asha Audio and [[Sangbad Pratidin]] in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Prithibi-to-relaunch-its-second-album/articleshow/9601160.cms|title=Prithibi to relaunch its second album |work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2019, the band got dissolved due to some internal issues as three of the members left the group. In January 2020, Kaushik Chakraborty renamed the band as &quot;Reincarnation 2020&quot; and released their first single &quot;Mukti&quot;, with a completely new set of artists — Koushik (lead vocals, composer, lyricist), Deep (bass, backing vocals), Debasish (drums, percussions), Deepayan (keyboard, backing vocal) and Debangshu (lead guitar). Arunangshu (Rhythm Guitarist) left the band in 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Genre ==<br /> Their music has been a blend of various genres like [[classic rock]], [[glam rock|80s glam rock]], [[Heavy metal music|metal]] and [[Rock music of West Bengal|Bengali rock]] along with modern poetical lyrics written and composed by Kaushik. However, after the major line up change in 2020, the band has shifted to [[Alternative Rock]] music.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> In 2001, when three [[Ashutosh College]] students, Kaushik, Abhijit and Souvik joined to form a band, &quot;Prithibi&quot; was found. Before forming the band, three of them used to jam together at the canteen corner. Among them Kaushik was already a solo artiste and had done many projects in and outside Kolkata. But, he was searching for a band to create music.&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The band experienced a flurry of line-up changes until 2005, by which time a sort of permanency was attained – [[Kaushik]] (vocals), Bubun (guitars), Prosanto (bass), Arnab (drums), Samarpan (guitars) and Amin (keyboards). 2005 was also the year when &quot;Prithibi&quot; stood first runner up in the competition 'Band-e-Mataram'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shamayita |title=Prithibi's Kaushik comes up with a new lineup, releases music video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/prithibis-kaushik-comes-up-with-a-new-lineup-releases-music-video/articleshow/73586149.cms |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=Times of India |date=24 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the end of 2007 keyboardist Amin left the band for some of his personal reasons. And followed the exit of Samarpan in 2010. And Raja joined as the new guitarist. Their guitarist, Bubun, died on 17 November 2012. Later Sharad Diyali joined as the guitarist of the band. In November 2023, they performed their first show in the USA, which included a six city tour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Raima |title=City based musical ensemble Prithibi returns home after their US tour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/city-based-musical-ensemble-prithibi-returns-home-after-a-successful-us-tour/articleshow/105464573.cms |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=Times of India |date=26 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Discography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Release !! Type !! Year !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | ''Band-e-Mataram'' || Promotional Entries || 2005 || Demo recording submitted for a music contest, where Prithibi finished as runners-up<br /> |-<br /> | ''25th Anniversary Collection - Vol One'' || EP || 2007 || Contains five tracks revisiting and reworking material from their early phase<br /> |-<br /> | ''25th Anniversary Collection - Vol Two'' || EP || 2011 || Follow-up EP featuring additional reinterpreted tracks from earlier releases<br /> |-<br /> | ''Cholo Ure Jai'' || Single || 2018 || Promotional song for a film<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mukti'' || Single || 2020 || Marked the band’s return after reformation, with themes centered on personal freedom<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ajana Highway'' || Single || 2020 || Reflects the experiences and challenges of touring musicians; released with a video<br /> |-<br /> | ''Prithibi Bhalo Theko'' || Single || 2020 || A song carrying a message of hope and well-being, influenced by global humanitarian themes<br /> |-<br /> | ''Aro Kotokaal'' || Single || 2021 || <br /> |-<br /> | ''Mon Amar'' || Single || 2022 || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.prithibimusic.com/home.htm}}<br /> <br /> {{Bengali Bands}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian rock music groups]]<br /> [[Category:Indian rock musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Musical groups established in 2005]]<br /> [[Category:2005 establishments]]<br /> [[Category:Musical groups from Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali musical groups]]<br /> [[Category:Indian alternative rock groups]]<br /> [[Category:Glam rock groups]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahasenha&diff=514894 2026-04-29T08:12:26Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started new pg - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Tamil-language film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Mahasenha.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Dhinesh Kalaiselvan<br /> | writer = Dhinesh Kalaiselvan<br /> | producer = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]]<br /> *[[Yogi Babu]]<br /> *[[Srushti Dange]]<br /> *[[Kabir Duhan Singh]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Manas Babhu D. R.<br /> | editing = [[Nagooran Ramachandran]]<br /> | music = {{ubl<br /> |Uday Prakash UPR (Background)<br /> |A. Praveen Kumar (Soundtrack)<br /> }}<br /> | studio = Marudham Productions<br /> | distributor = [[PVR Inox Pictures]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|12|12}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mahasenha''''' also marketed as '''''Mahasenha'' ''Volume - 1''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Dhinesh Kalaiselvan starring [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Srushti Dange]] and [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] in the lead roles. The film is produced by Dhinesh Kalaiselvan under his Marudham Productions banner. <br /> <br /> ''Mahasenha'' was released in theatres on 12 December 2025 to negative reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=Vemal plays divine guardian in Mahasenha trailer |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/vemal-plays-divine-guardian-in-mahasenha-trailer-855370 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mahasenha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mahasenha/movie-review/125946173.cms |access-date=2025-12-11 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> <br /> The story opens with the people of a village warding off a hostile section that was out to steal their deity. The narrative travels on multiple tracks. On one is Senguttavan a youngster who is preparing for the impending village festival. His elephant going missing, he ventures into the forest in search of it. On another track are a set of college students under professor Kamaraj, who are on a trekking expedition to take part in the village festival And on a third track is Prathap a corrupt greedy forest official and his misdeeds. It’s what happens when the tracks merge.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] as Senguttuvan<br /> * [[Srushti Dange]] as Bommi<br /> * [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as King of God<br /> * [[Yogi Babu]] as Suruli<br /> * [[John Vijay]] as Forest officer Prathap <br /> * Mahima Gupta as Ganga<br /> * Vijay Siyon as Idumban<br /> * Alfred Jose as Professor Kamaraj <br /> * Shubhangi<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''[[Raakadhan]]'' (2023) fame Dhinesh Kalaiselvan announced his sophomore project, collaborating with [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] for an action film titled ''Mahasenha Volume - 1'', with plans of develiping it into a multi-part project, consisting of three or four volumes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=11 October 2025 |title=Vemal's next with Dhinesh Kalaiselvan titled Mahasenha Volume - 1 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/11/vemals-next-with-dhinesh-kalaiselvan-titled-mahasena-volume-1 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is produced by Dhinesh Kalaiselvan under his Marudham Productions banner and the technical team consists of cinematographer Manas Babhu D. R., editor [[Nagooran Ramachandran]], and action choreographer Ram Kumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=12 October 2025 |title=BTS stills from Vemal's Mahasenha Volume - 1 out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/12/bts-stills-from-vemals-mahasenha-volume-1-out |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming of Vimal's portions with an elephant was entirely shot in [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2025 |title=Vemal reveals how he won the heart of an elephant while working with it in Mahasenha Volume- 1 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/01/vemal-reveals-how-he-won-the-heart-of-an-elephant-while-working-with-it-in-mahasenha-volume-1 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fim stars [[Srushti Dange]] as the female lead.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=மகாசேனா படத்தில் விமல் ஜோடியானார் சிருஷ்டி டாங்கே - Kollywood News {{!}} Kollywood Images - Cinema.dinakaran.com |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cinema/mahasena-vimal-srishtidange/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Kollywood News {{!}} Kollywood Images - Cinema.dinakaran.com |language=ta-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the lead cast, the film also features [[Srushti Dange]], [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[John Vijay]], Mahima Gupta, and others in important roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 December 2025 |title=Mahasenha Trailer: Vemal plays a village's protector and elephant caretaker in spiritual actioner |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/02/mahasenha-trailer-vemal-plays-a-villages-protector-and-elephant-caretaker-in-spiritual-actioner |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The film has soundtracks composed by A. Praveen Kumar and background scored by Uday Prakash UPR. The pre-release audio launch event was conducted at [[Prasad Studios|Prasad Labs]] on 30 November 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=பிரிவு |first=இணையதளச் செய்திப் |date=30 November 2025 |title=மகாசேனா படத்தின் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா - புகைப்படங்கள் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/galleries/photo-cinema/2025/Nov/30/mahasena-audio-launch |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Mahasenha'' was released in theatres on 12 December 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=21 November 2025 |title=Vemal's Mahasenha Volume - 1 gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/21/vemals-mahasenha-volume-1-gets-a-release-date |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the original Tamil language, the film is also planned to release in the dubbed versions of [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]] languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2 December 2025 |title=விமலின் &quot;மகாசேனா&quot; படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் ரிலீஸ் அப்டேட் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/vimals-mahasena-trailer-release-update-1193229 |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film with 2/5 stars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=மகாசேனா - விமர்சனம் {2/5} : மகாசேனா - படத்தலைப்பை மகாசோதனைனு வெச்சு இருக்கலாம் - Mahasena |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3698/Mahasena/ |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=cinema.dinamalar.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' rated the film 1.5/5 stars, criticising its illogical sequences and incoherent screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=மகாசேனா திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} Mahasenha Review in tamil |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/mahasenha-165197 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |date=11 December 2025 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Mahasenha drapes itself in mythology and ritual like that's supposed to compensate for having no actual story. Gods, curses, sacred statues... none of it registers because the religiosity just sits there, heavy and inert. The problem isn't even that it fails to earn reverence. [...] Two hours and fifteen minutes feel like penance for a sin you didn't commit. The film limps from one lifeless scene to the next with characters spouting platitudes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahasenha Movie Review: Spiritual theater that was never going to work |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mahasenha/movie-review/125946173.cms |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshay Kumar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 1/5 stars and wrote, &quot;The film has a leaky plot with large chunks of inconsequential sequences. [...] The incoherence in the transition between scenes is so jarring that you would start wondering if you are even watching a completed movie.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Akshay |title=Mahasenha Volume – 1 Movie Review: A jumbo-sized mess |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Dec/12/mahasenha-volume-1-movie-review-a-jumbo-sized-mess |work=Cinema Express |date=12 December 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|39007848}}<br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about elephants]]<br /> [[Category:Films about human sacrifice]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in forests]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mythology in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games&diff=494841 2026-04-29T07:54:00Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: put up a stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Overly detailed|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Update|date=March 2022}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use British English|date=February 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> <br /> {{2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br /> A number of '''concerns and controversies''' surfaced before &lt;!-- add these only at the appropriate time:, during and after --&gt;the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] in [[New Delhi]], India, which received widespread media coverage both in India (the host nation) and the rest of the world.<br /> <br /> The Commonwealth Games was severely criticised by several prominent Indian politicians and social activists because millions of dollars have been spent on the sporting event despite the fact that India has one of the world's largest [[poverty in India|concentration of poor people]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCCWG1&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11101288| title= Delhi loses patience with Commonwealth Games | date= 3 September 2010 | access-date= 22 September 2010 |publisher=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=AiyarMINT&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.livemint.com/2007/04/12131220/Commonwealth-Games-irrelevant.html| title= irrelevant to common man: Mani Shankar Aiyar | date= 12 April 2007 | access-date= 22 September 2010 |publisher=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, several other problems related to the 2010 Commonwealth Games have been highlighted by Indian investigative agencies and media outlets; these include – serious corruption by officials of the Games'.<br /> <br /> ==Socio-economic impact==<br /> <br /> ===Financial costs===<br /> [[File:Azimpremji.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Azim Premji]], founder of [[Wipro Technologies]], remarked that India faced several socio-economic challenges and &quot;to instead spend on a grand sporting spectacle sounds like we [India] have got our priorities wrong.&quot;&lt;ref name=Premji/&gt;]]<br /> Miloon Kothari, a leading Indian expert on socio-economic development, remarked that the 2010 Commonwealth Games will create &quot;a negative financial legacy for the country&quot; and asked &quot;when one in three Indians lives below the poverty line and 40% of the hungry live in India, when 46% of India's children and 55% of women are malnourished, does spending billions of dollars on a 12-day sports event build national pride or is it a matter of national shame?&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCCWG1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the outspoken critics of the Games was [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], former Indian [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports]]. In April 2007, Aiyar commented that the Games are &quot;irrelevant to the common man&quot; and criticized the Indian government for sanctioning billions of dollars for the Games even though India requires massive investment in social development programs.&lt;ref name=AiyarMINT/&gt; In July 2010, he remarked that he would be &quot;unhappy if the Commonwealth Games are successful&quot;.&lt;ref name=AiyarET&gt;{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/Will-be-happy-if-Commonwealth-Games-are-spoilt-Mani-Shankar-Aiyar/articleshow/6222619.cms| title= Will be happy if Commonwealth Games are spoilt: Mani Shankar Aiyar | date= 27 July 2010 | access-date= 22 September 2010 |publisher=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Azim Premji]] called the 2010 Commonwealth Games a &quot;drainage of the public funds&quot; and said that hosting the high-expense Games in India is not justified given that the country had more important priorities facing it, such as education, infrastructure and public health.&lt;ref name=Premji&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.eastasiantimes.com/indian-tycoon-slams-cost-of-commonwealth-games|title=INDIAN TYCOON SLAMS COST OF COMMONWEALTH GAMES|date=26 August 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Social and environmental impact===<br /> {{see also|Yamuna Pushta}}<br /> Nearly 400,000 people from three large slum clusters in Delhi have been relocated since 2004. Gautam Bhan, an Indian urban planner and researcher working in the [[University of California-Berkeley]], said that the 2010 Commonwealth Games have resulted in &quot;an unprecedented increase in the degree, frequency and scale of indiscriminate evictions without proper resettlement. We haven’t seen these levels of evictions in the last five years since the [[The Emergency (India)|Indian Emergency]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=CWGEconomics&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2009/10/26205604/The-economics-of-the-Games.html|title=The economics of the Games - Livemint|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In response to a [[Right to Information]] (RTI) application filed for study and statements by civil society groups, a report by the [[Housing and Land Rights Network]] (HLRN) - an arm of the [[Habitat International Coalition]] - detailed the social and environmental consequences of the event.&lt;ref&gt;The Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN),&quot;[http://www.habitants.org/news/inhabitants_of_asia/the_2010_commonwealth_games_whose_wealth_whose_commons The 2010 Commonwealth Games: Whose Wealth, Whose Commons?]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; It stated that ''no tolerance zones'' for [[beggars]] are enforced in Delhi, and the city has arbitrarily arrested homeless citizens under the &quot;Bombay Prevention of Begging Act 1959&quot;.<br /> <br /> ===Labour laws violations===<br /> Campaigners in India have accused the organisers of enormous and systematic violations of [[labour laws]] at [[construction sites]]. [[Human Rights Law Network]] reports that independent investigations have discovered more than 70 cases where workers have died in accidents at construction sites since work began.&lt;ref&gt;Biswas, Soutik (22 March 2010). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/soutikbiswas/2010/03/a_commonwealth_shame.html A Commonwealth shame?]. [[BBC]]. Retrieved on 31 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Although official numbers have not been released, it is estimated that over 415,000 contract daily wage workers are working on Games projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_commonwealth-games-hc-notices-to-govt-for-violation-of-labour-laws_1339960|title=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=5 March 2010|date=2010-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unskilled workers are paid {{INRConvert|85||1}} to {{INRConvert|100||1}} per day while skilled workers are paid {{INRConvert|120||1}} to {{INRConvert|130||1}} INR per day for eight hours of work. Workers also state that they are paid {{INRConvert|134||1}} to {{INRConvert|150||1}} for 12 hours of work (eight hours plus four hours of overtime). Both these wages contravene the stipulated Delhi state minimum wage of {{INRConvert|152||1}} for eight hours of work.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.paycheck.in/main/officialminimumwages/delhi/minimum-wages-in-delhi-1|title=Minimum Wages in Delhi|access-date=21 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919132830/http://www.paycheck.in/main/officialminimumwages/delhi/minimum-wages-in-delhi-1|archive-date=19 September 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nearly 50 construction workers have died in the past two years while employed on Games projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| first = Magnay | last = Jacquelin | title = Commonwealth Games 2010: disastrous build-up has killed off India's Olympic dream | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8016654/Commonwealth-Games-2010-disastrous-build-up-has-killed-off-Indias-Olympic-dream.html | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = 21 September 2010 | access-date = 25 September 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> These represent violations of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; Interstate Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Services) Act 1979, and the constitutionally enshrined fundamental rights per the 1982 Supreme Court of India judgement on Asiad workers.&lt;ref name=&quot;pudr.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.pudr.org/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_details&amp;gid=179&amp;Itemid=63|title=Peoples Union for Democratic Rights Report|access-date=5 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The public have been banned from the camps where workers live and work – a situation which human rights campaigners say prevents the garnering of information regarding labour conditions and number of workers.&lt;ref name=&quot;pudr.org&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> There have been documented instances of the presence of young children at hazardous construction sites, due to a lack of child care facilities for women workers living and working in the labour camp style work sites.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2010/feb/02/child-labour-commonwealth-games-india|title=Guardian Photo essay Commonwealth Games construction under labour spotlight | work=The Guardian | location=London | date=2 February 2010 | access-date=23 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, workers on the site of the main Commonwealth stadium have reportedly been issued with hard hats, yet most work in open-toed sandals and live in cramped tin tenements in which illnesses are rife.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/sport/08-commonwealth-games-ts-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015134545/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/sport/08-commonwealth-games-ts-01|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2009|title=The Dawn|access-date=5 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The High Court of Delhi is presently hearing a public interest petition relating to employers not paying employees for overtime and it has appointed a four-member committee to submit a report on the alleged violations of workers rights.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian.co.uk&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/news/current-affairs/fullstory-high-court-appoints-panel-to-probe-labour-violation-laws-at-commonwealth-games-sites-12663901-142073-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617233613/http://www.in.com/news/current-affairs/fullstory-high-court-appoints-panel-to-probe-labour-violation-laws-at-commonwealth-games-sites-12663901-142073-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 June 2010|title=Asia News International|access-date=5 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the construction of the Games Village, there was controversy over financial mismanagement,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/emaar-mgf-gets-rs-700-cr-games-bailout/357815/ Emaar-MGF gets Rs 700 cr Games bailout]. Business-standard.com. Retrieved on 6 July 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; profiteering by the [[Delhi Development Authority]] and private real estate companies,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Games-booster-for-realty-market/Article1-323204.aspx Games booster for realty market?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020075450/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Games-booster-for-realty-market/Article1-323204.aspx |date=20 October 2012 }}. Hindustan Times (7 October 2008). Retrieved on 6 July 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; and inhumane working conditions.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sports/meningitis-strikes-commonwealth-games-village_10023888.html Meningitis strikes Commonwealth Games Village]. Thaindian.com (4 March 2008). Retrieved on 6 July 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Child labour====<br /> [[CNN India]] discovered evidence of children, as young as seven, being used in the construction of the game's infrastructures. According to [[Siddharth Kara]], who provided [[CNN]] with the evidence, he documented 14 cases of [[child labor]] within a few days. In reply to a question whether it could have been just a case of kids being present at the construction site along with their parents, he replied: &quot;It's not just kids playing in the dirt or using a hammer as a toy.&quot; He further stated about the kids: &quot;They're told to do the work and they just do the work. They don't know that they should be in school or that they should be playing.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;childlabor1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/09/23/commonwealth.games.child.labor/|title=Hard evidence of child labor at 2010 Commonwealth Games|publisher=CNN|date=24 September 2010|access-date=29 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Even though the [[New Delhi]] then [[chief minister]] [[Sheila Dikshit]] claimed that nobody had approached her, according to CNN, they had tried to contact her as far back as 23 July 2010. In spite of repeated attempts, according to them, no official reply was ever made.&lt;ref name=&quot;childlabor1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Urban changes===<br /> <br /> [[Amita Baviskar]], a professor of sociology from the [[Institute of Economic Growth]], [[University of Delhi]] argues that mega-events, like the [[Olympics]] and Commonwealth Games, are used to advance narrow agendas of urban reform that cater to the middle and rich class. She focuses on how, in preparation for the Commonwealth Games, the city's slums were bulldozed in order to make room for shopping malls and expensive real estate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.metamute.org/en/Demolishing-Delhi |title=Mute magazine - Culture and politics after the net |access-date=2010-10-16 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906123108/http://www.metamute.org/en/Demolishing-Delhi |archive-date=6 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sex slavery and prostitution boom===<br /> There has been a boom in the number of young girls, mostly from impoverished parts of India, coming to Delhi after being offered jobs by disguised criminals, only to be taken prisoner and forced into sex slavery. The number of victims is believed to be in the hundreds. Many brothels have been running English courses for sex workers and upgrading their facilities in anticipation of a business upturn during the games.&lt;ref&gt;Hodge, Amanda. &quot;Girls lured to games for work being sold to brothels&quot;. ''The Australian''. p. 1. 30 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; The local government also expected that thousands of prostitutes from other countries would come to Delhi disguised as tourists and practice their profession discreetly during the Games.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Escort-services-network-on-sites-to-score-big-at-Commonwealth-Games/articleshow/6568787.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065215/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-17/gurgaon/28230691_1_escort-services-social-networking-gurgaon | url-status=live | archive-date=4 November 2012 | first1=Yogesh | last1=Kumar | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Escort services network on sites to score big at Commonwealth Games | date=17 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; One anti-trafficking NGO has claimed that there are reports of 40,000 women being brought in from northeastern India alone. A spokesperson said that recruits from that part of India were favoured because of their lighter skin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/news/concern-over-40-000-northeast-women-hired-for-cwg-services-news-national-kj2s4eedhcj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009113115/http://sify.com/news/concern-over-40-000-northeast-women-hired-for-cwg-services-news-national-kj2s4eedhcj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2010|title=Concern over 40,000 northeast women hired for CWG services|website=[[Sify]] |access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has been reported that over 3,000 bar girls in Mumbai disappeared; some local sources blamed on an exodus to Delhi in a focus for the Commonwealth Games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/sep/190910-mumbai-bar-girls-cwg-delhi-escort.htm|title=Bar girls answer CWG call in Delhi|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Organisational failure==<br /> <br /> ===Vigilance-related irregularities and Over-Invoicing===<br /> On 28 July 2010, the [[Central Vigilance Commission]], an Indian government body created to address governmental corruption, released a series of reports and documents showing the irregularities in 14 CWG projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| author=The Economic Times | title=CVC finds irregularities in several CWG projects | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/CVC-finds-irregularities-in-several-CWG-projects/articleshow/6229429.cms | date=28 July 2010 | access-date=1 August 2010 | work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; As per official reports, in total 129 works in 71 organisations have been inspected.&lt;ref&gt;''Clarification–regarding inspection of works relating to Common Wealth Games.'', report issued by CVC. [http://www.cvc.nic.in/cwgclrf3072010.pdf Download pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920051556/http://cvc.nic.in/cwgclrf3072010.pdf |date=20 September 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The detailed preliminary findings included the award of work contracts at higher prices, poor quality assurance and management, and work contracts awarded to ineligible agencies.&lt;ref&gt;''INSPECTION OF WORKS RELATED TO COMMON WEALTH GAMES'', report by the CVC, [http://www.cvc.nic.in/cwgpress2972010.pdf Download PDF] {{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are also allegations of widespread corruption in various aspects of organising the games including procurement and awarding contracts for constructing the games infrastructures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| author=NDTV India | title=Corruption scandal hits 2010 Games, organisers deny charges | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/corruption-scandal-hits-2010-games-organisers-deny-charges-40991 | date=31 July 2010 | access-date=2 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Commonwealth Games Organising Committee on 5 August 2010 suspended joint directors T S Darbari and M Jayachandran following the reports of the three-member panel which was probing the financial irregularities related to the Queen's Baton Relay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| author=ibnlive | title=3 Kalmadi aides sacked from games panel | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/senior-cwg-official-darbari-sacked/128262-5-23.html?from=tn | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806191106/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/senior-cwg-official-darbari-sacked/128262-5-23.html?from=tn | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 August 2010 | date=5 August 2010 | access-date=5 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the audit process, the Organising Committee treasurer Anil Khanna resigned from the post in the wake of allegations that his son's firm had secured a contract for laying the tennis courts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| author=The Times of India| title=Games scam: Kalmadi aide T S Darbari sacked | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Games-scam-Kalmadi-aides-Darbari-Mohindroo-sacked/articleshow/6261909.cms | date=5 August 2010 | access-date=5 August 2010 | work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[GlobalPost]] news agency reports that scandals have come to light, such as &quot;shadowy off-shore firms, forged emails, inexplicable payments to bogus companies and inflated bills – for every purchase from toilet paper to treadmills.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100812/new-delhi-commonwealth-games-corruption |title=Commonwealth Games &amp;#124; New Delhi &amp;#124; India Corruption |publisher=Globalpost.com |access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Among the alleged corruption and defrauding of the games budget, toilet paper rolls valued at $2 were costed at $80, $2 soap dispensers at $60, $98 mirrors at $220, $11,830 altitude training simulators at $250,190.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-08-19/toilet-paper-scandal-in-india-shames-commonwealth-games-host.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824042401/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-08-19/toilet-paper-scandal-in-india-shames-commonwealth-games-host.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 August 2010 |title=Toilet-Paper Scandal in India 'Shames' Commonwealth Games Host |publisher=BusinessWeek |date=19 August 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Delays in the Works===<br /> In September 2009, CGF chief Mike Fennell reported that the games were at risk of falling behind schedule and that it was &quot;reasonable to conclude that the current situation poses a serious risk to the Commonwealth Games in 2010&quot;. A report by the [[Indian Government]] released several months prior found that construction work on 13 out of the 19 sports venues was very low and behind schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_cg&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=India admits 2010 Games problems|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8256127.stm|work=BBC | date=15 September 2009 | access-date=23 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The secretary-general of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) Randhir Singh has also expressed his concerns regarding the current state of affairs. Singh has called for the revamp of the Organising Committee commenting that India now has to &quot;retrieve the games&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters_cg&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Olympic official calls for revamp of Delhi Games committee|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-42471320090915|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924081732/http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-42471320090915|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2009|publisher=Reuters | date=15 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other Indian officials have also expressed dismay at the ongoing delays but they have stated that they are confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph_cg&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games 'at grave risk of collapse'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/6190118/Delhi-Commonwealth-Games-at-grave-risk-of-collapse.html|author=Dean Nelson|work=Telegraph| location=London | date=15 September 2009 | access-date=23 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian_cg&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Only a year to run – and Delhi is losing race to host Commonwealth Games|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6834446.ece|author=Jeremy Page|publisher=Times Online | location=London | date=15 September 2009 | access-date=23 April 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As the [[Times of India]] reports, all CWG projects were to be completed by May 2009 and until the Games they had to be available for the trial events. The newspaper further reports that the first stadium was handed over for trial runs in July 2010, three months before the Games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| author=Times of India | title=14 Commonwealth Games projects under CBI, CVC scanner | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/14-Commonwealth-Games-projects-under-CBI-CVC-scanner/articleshow/6229348.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103125745/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-29/india/28291275_1_cvc-scanner-cwg-projects-commonwealth-games | url-status=live | archive-date=3 November 2012 | date=29 July 2010 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=1 August 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; To put the delays in perspective, [[Beijing National Stadium]] was completed in 2006, two years before the [[2008 Summer Olympics]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Milestones in the construction of the Bird's Nest|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/cptvenues/venues/nst/headlines/n214423642.shtml|publisher=Beijing 2008 Official Site|location=Beijing|date=28 June 2008|access-date=2 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824180648/http://en.beijing2008.cn/cptvenues/venues/nst/headlines/n214423642.shtml|archive-date=24 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; while the venues for [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in London are scheduled to be delivered one year before the games and the construction of the venues were a very behind of the schedule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=London 2012 progress report: Will Britain deliver on Olympic promises?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jul/27/london-2012-progress-report-deliver-promises|author=Owen Gibson|publisher=Guardian UK| location=London| date=27 July 2010 | access-date=2 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2010, the Cabinet Secretariat took a decision to appoint 10 officers of the rank of Joint and Additional Secretaries to oversee the progress of the construction of the venues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kalmadi's wings clipped, Government takes control of Games panel|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/kalmadis-wings-clipped-government-takes-control-of-games-panel-45705|author=NDTV|publisher=NDTV|date=19 August 2010|access-date=19 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Each officer is allocated to a venue and given the responsibility to ensure that the work completes in time for the games.<br /> <br /> ===Mass volunteer walkouts===<br /> Around 10,000 of the 22,000 selected volunteers quit, less than a week before the event. This has been blamed on a lack of training for personnel, or dissatisfaction with assignments. Australian media reported that a large portion of this group did not even return their uniforms as a form of protest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/30/3025846.htm?site=commonwealthgames/2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112051139/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/30/3025846.htm?site=commonwealthgames/2010|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2012|title=Thousands of Games volunteers quit: report|newspaper=ABC News|date=30 September 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Poor ticket sales and attendance===<br /> During the first days of the Games was normal to observe that several competitions were held with practically empty arenas. The only exception was the opening ceremony, which was held in a packed stadium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8042933/Commonwealth-Games-2010-ticket-queues-a-mile-long-claim-organisers-in-Delhi.html |title=Commonwealth Games 2010: ticket queues 'a mile long', claim organisers in Delhi |work=Telegraph|date=5 October 2010 |access-date=5 October 2010 |location=London |first=Jacquelin |last=Magnay}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a press conference, organising chairman [[Suresh Kalmadi]] admitted that there were problems, and blamed empty venues on ticket booths not being set up outside stadiums.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-05/news/27608988_1_tickets-kalmadi-venues |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014202729/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-05/news/27608988_1_tickets-kalmadi-venues |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 October 2012 |title=CWG: Organisers admit ticket sales blunder |work=The Economic Times|date=5 October 2010 |access-date=5 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Commonwealth Games chief Mike Fennell admitted that many venues had been nearly empty on the opening day of the Games, saying &quot;A number of venues do not have lots of spectators. It is one area which causes us concern&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11474371 |title=Crowds giving Delhi Commonwealth Games a miss |work=BBC News |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=5 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the second day of competition, less than 100 people filled the hockey venue–the 19,000-seat MDC Stadium. Less than 20 people watched the first tennis match of the tournament in the 5,000-seat tennis stadium, and just 58 watched the netball opening rounds matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/10/05/ap/world/main6929789.shtml |title=Empty Seats Plague Commonwealth Games in India |work=CBS News |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=6 October 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009045019/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/10/05/ap/world/main6929789.shtml |archive-date=9 October 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One Indian athlete tried to buy tickets for relatives online, only to be informed by the website that tickets were sold out. When he arrived to the venue, he found the venue to be empty.This was also reported during the athletics street events and cycling road races.&lt;ref name=crad/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Incidents during the Opening Ceremonies===<br /> <br /> ====Speech of Suresh Kalmadi====<br /> <br /> During his speech at the opening ceremony, the president of the Organizing Committee, Suresh Kalmadi, faced a public embarrassment, when he was booed by spectators at the start of his welcome speech to 80,000 spectators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/sport/games-spectators-boo-delhi-chief-organiser-at-opening-ceremony-jd-03| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006003706/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/sport/games-spectators-boo-delhi-chief-organiser-at-opening-ceremony-jd-03| archive-date = 2010-10-06| title = DAWN.COM {{!}} Sport {{!}} Spectators boo chief organiser at opening ceremony}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmadi came under further another strain when he &quot;thanked&quot; the late [[Princess Diana]] for attending the opening ceremony of the games. The chairman made the blunder at a press conference saying 'Yes, Princess Diana was there,’ after which he immediately corrected himself by saying 'Prince Charles and (Camilla) the Duchess of Cornwall.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/58752/princess-diana-was-there-kalmadi/|title=Princess Diana was there: Kalmadi - The Express Tribune|date=5 October 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Parade of Nations====<br /> Australia's chef de mission [[Steve Moneghetti]] <br /> [[Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|expressed the frustration of the delegation]] over the opening ceremony, in which there were claims that the athletes and delegation support staff were &quot;treated like cattle&quot; and subjected to &quot;disgraceful&quot; and unbearable conditions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Opening ceremony&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/commonwealth-games-2010/comm-games-news/athletes-treated-like-cattle-before-opening-parade-20101005-166dy.html|title=Athletes 'treated like cattle' before opening parade|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 October 2010|first1=Jake|last1=Niall|first2=New|last2=Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moneghetti also complained about the athletes being trapped in &quot;absolute cauldron conditions&quot; under the main stadium before marching for the opening ceremony. The Australians were stuck in a tunnel, where Moneghetti described the temperature as exceeding {{convert|40|C}} due to a lack of air-conditioning and ventilation. When attempting to move out, the Australian delegation was stopped by staff. When the athletes were finally able to move out into the arena as the first delegation, they were described as being emotionally affected.<br /> <br /> ==Racism allegations==<br /> <br /> Some African countries' representatives complained that they received second-class treatment from the Games organisers, in spite of them offering India a hand in the preparation of the Games.&lt;ref name=&quot;racism1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cwg-aus-scotland-arrive-africa-cries-racism/131766-5-23.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930040610/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cwg-aus-scotland-arrive-africa-cries-racism/131766-5-23.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 September 2010|title=CWG: Aus, Scotland arrive, Africa cries racism|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=26 September 2010|access-date=27 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; These delegations alleged that accommodation given to them was inferior compared to the accommodation provided to the Australian and New Zealand teams. They went on to state that India was complaining about being victims of racial bias in the reporting of the Games, while simultaneously perpetrating the same kind of racism against the African countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;racism1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Racism-at-Commonwealth-Games-Africans-upset/articleshow/6632280.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065220/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-27/india/28218834_1_african-countries-african-nations-commonwealth-games|url-status=live|archive-date=4 November 2012|title=Racism at Commonwealth Games? Africans upset|date=27 September 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=27 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Infrastructure issues==<br /> <br /> ===Transport infrastructure===<br /> <br /> The [[Delhi Airport Metro Express]] built by [[Reliance Infrastructure]] and [[CAF Beasain]] missed its deadline of 31 July 2010 and the private consortium was fined Rs 112.5 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/IGI-line-delay-Reliance-subsidiary-fined/articleshow/6661223.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065226/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/delhi/28268221_1_dmrc-civil-structures-metro-rail-corporation | url-status=live | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=IGI line delay: Reliance subsidiary fined | date=1 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Village conditions ===<br /> Less than two weeks before the opening ceremony, Fennell wrote to the Indian cabinet secretary, urging action in response to the village being &quot;seriously compromised.&quot; He said that though team officials were impressed with the international zone and main dining area, they were &quot;shocked&quot; by the state of the accommodation. &quot;The village is the cornerstone of any Games and the athletes deserve the best possible environment to prepare for their competition.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sanjoy Majumder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11379020 |title=Delhi Games village 'unfit for athletes' |work=BBC News |date= 21 September 2010|access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The BBC published photographs of the village taken two days before 23 September showing unfinished living quarters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: Athletes' village photos |newspaper=[[BBC]] |date=23 September 2010 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9025907.stm |access-date=23 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> New Zealand, Canada, Scotland and Northern Ireland have expressed concern about unliveable conditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Rumu| last=Banerjee|agency=TNN |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/news/Commonwealth-Games-Village-unliveable-complain-four-countries/articleshow/6595540.cms |title=Commonwealth Games Village unliveable, complain four countries|work=The Times of India|date= 21 September 2010|access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Times of India]] newspaper reports that the leaders of the Scottish delegation apparently submitted a photograph of a dog defecating on a bed in the games village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/news/Now-smaller-teams-consider-withdrawal-from-Commonwealth-Games/articleshow/6605483.cms |title=Now, smaller teams consider withdrawal from Commonwealth Games|work=The Times of India|date= 22 September 2010|access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chef of Scottish mission said that there was &quot;excrement in places it shouldn't be&quot; in the athletes' quarters and that members of visiting delegations had to clean up the unsanitary things.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/22/3018287.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923133101/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/22/3018287.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 September 2010 |title=Filth, bridge collapse add to Delhi's woes - Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games News |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=22 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The BBC released images of bathrooms with brown-coloured [[paan]] stains on the walls and floor, liquor on the floor, and brown paw prints on athletes' beds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9025907.stm |title=BBC Sport - Commonwealth Games: Athletes' village photos |work=BBC News |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lalit Bhanot, the secretary general of the Organising Committee, rejected the complaint that sanitation was poor by saying that, due to cultural differences, there are different standards about cleanliness in India and the [[western world]], a statement for which he was widely ridiculed in all over the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;abcsanitation&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://abclive.in/abclive_sports/cwg/sanitation_standard_cwg_2010.html |title=Indian Sanitation Standard Vs Western Sanitation @ Commonwealth Games 2010 |author=Ramesh Kapoor |date=21 September 2010 |publisher=[[ABC Live]] |access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923084804/http://abclive.in/abclive_sports/cwg/sanitation_standard_cwg_2010.html |archive-date=23 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhanot went on to say of the athletes' village that, &quot;This is a world-class village, probably one of the best ever.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;abcsanitation&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Pakistan also made reservations over the condition of the athletes' village and asked for an alternate accommodation to be made available to its contingent while preparation was still in progress. The [[Pakistan Olympic Association]] president [[Syed Arif Hasan]] remarked: &quot;We want the CGF to ensure that the athletes' village is in good condition. Athletes cannot stay at a substandard place.&quot; Hasan however added that there were no doubts over Pakistan's participation and the contingent would leave as planned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/55385/pakistan-%e2%80%98concerned%e2%80%99-over-athletes%e2%80%99-village/|title=Pakistan 'concerned' over athletes' village|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the other hand, England's [[Chef de mission]] [[Craig Hunter]] praised the Games Village, remarking that &quot;the Commonwealth Games Village here [in New Delhi] is better than the [[2008 Summer Olympic|2008 Beijing Summer Olympics]]&quot;. He added that the arrangements at the Games Village is much better than that at the 2008 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-Games-Village-better-than-Beijing-English-Chef-de-mission/Article1-600985.aspx |title=Hindustan Times - Archive News |access-date=20 October 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021070232/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-Games-Village-better-than-Beijing-English-Chef-de-mission/Article1-600985.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Canada's sports minister also supported the Games, saying that big events always face issues, and the media often exaggerates them, as Canada found during the [[2010 Winter Olympics]]. He added that &quot;We are coming in full force.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/news/After-delay-in-sending-athletes-Canada-minister-supports-CWG/articleshow/6632480.cms|date=26 September 2010|work=[[Times of India]] | title=After delay in sending athletes, Canada minister supports CWG}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Problems with functionality of equipments and infrastructure during events===<br /> <br /> On the first night of swimming events, [[debris]] landed in the swimming pool, causing delays ahead of a race. It is believed that part of the ceiling or its paint had fallen off.<br /> <br /> Before the last night of swimming finals, the water filtration system broke down and the pool was turbid and murky during the warm-up session and the finals; it was described as the least clear ever seen for a swimming competition until the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]. A disproportionate number of swimmers from [[Australia]] and [[Malaysia]] fell ill with intestinal infections, leading to concerns over the cleanliness and sanitation of the pool.&lt;ref name=pool&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8053551/Commonwealth-Games-2010-shambles-continue-as-swimming-pool-filtration-system-fails.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first1=Jacquelin | last1=Magnay | first2=Rod | last2=Gilmour | title=Commonwealth Games 2010: shambles continue as swimming pool filtration system fails | date=10 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Early suspicions rested on the quality of water in the swimming pools of the [[SPM Swimming Pool Complex|SPM Pools Complex]], but other competing teams, including South Africa, reported no such illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=938225&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=490476&amp;SA-swimming-team-healthy-and-well |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801022824/http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=938225&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=490476&amp;SA-swimming-team-healthy-and-well |url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2012 |title=SA swimming team healthy and well |publisher=[[East Coast Radio (South Africa)]] |access-date=14 October 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daily water quality tests were being carried out on the water of the pools, as mandated by the event standards. Additional tests were ordered after news of the illnesses, but they also did not find anything amiss. The Australian team's chief doctor, Peter Harcourt, ruled that the &quot;chances of the [Delhi] pool being the cause of the problem is very remote&quot; and praised the hygiene and food quality in the Delhi Games Village.&lt;ref name=&quot;Illness&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.smh.com.au/commonwealth-games-2010/comm-games-news/malaysia-camp-blamed-for-swimmers-bug-20101008-16bj1.html | work=Sydney Morning Herald | title=Malaysia camp blamed for swimmers' bug| date=8 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; He suggested that it could be a common case of [[Traveler's diarrhea]] (locally called Delhi belly), or the Australian swimmers could have contracted the stomach virus during their training camp in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Illness&quot;/&gt; English Olympic and Commonwealth gold-medalist swimmer [[Rebecca Adlington]] said that the water quality was absolutely fine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Did Delhi live up to expectations&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/jamespearce/2010/10/did_delhi_live_up_to_expectati.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016050913/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/jamespearce/2010/10/did_delhi_live_up_to_expectati.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2010 |title=Did Delhi live up to expectations? |publisher=[[BBC]] Sport |date=14 October 2010|access-date=15 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the opening ceremony, some areas of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] field suffered damage. Some areas of the lawn and parts of the track and also the walls needed to be replaced. During the dismantling of the temporary structures, the affected areas were renovated and the lawn was replanted.<br /> <br /> ==Vandalism of Games Village by Athletes==<br /> <br /> ===Condoms and toilet blockages===<br /> An Indian newspaper during the games reported that used [[condom]]s flushed down the toilets in the athlete's village had caused some drains to become blocked, necessitating action by plumbers to clear the pipes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Condoms&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/commonwealth-games/used-condoms-clog-village-toilets/story-fn66fst6-1225935545518|title=Used condoms clog athletes' village toilets in Delhi|work=The Australian|date=7 October 2010|first1=Robert|last1=Craddock|first2=Jess|last2=Halloran}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Athletes under investigation for trashing apartments===<br /> Australian athletes were accused of vandalizing the towers of the athletes' village they were staying in by breaking furniture and electrical fittings.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToICricketLoss&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/cricket-loss-makes-oz-athletes-take-it-out-on-washing-machine/cwgarticleshow/6750851.cms|title=Cricket loss makes Oz athletes take it out on washing machine|work=TOI|date=15 October 2010|first1=Rahul|last1=Tripathi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Delhi Police did not press the case after the Organizing Committee refused to file a complaint while Indian external affairs minister [[S. M. Krishna]] dismissed it as a one-off incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/no-aussie-involved-in-village-hooliganism-crosswhite/cwgarticleshow/6752348.cms|title=Australia slams vandalism charges|work=TOI|date=15 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A washing machine was hurled from the eighth floor of the same tower. Nobody on the ground was hit, but it is unclear who the culprit was. Indian newspapers reported that the Australian Commonwealth Games Authority agreed to pay for the damages&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/15/cwg-2010-delhi-australia-apologise-vandalism.htm|title=Aussies apologise for damaging washing machine|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and apologised for the incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/article/id/spoen20100156718/type/latest/cwg-australian-team-asked-to-pay-for-damages-60010.html |title=Aussies agree to pay damages |work=NDTV |date=15 October 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018052945/http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/article/id/spoen20100156718/type/latest/cwg-australian-team-asked-to-pay-for-damages-60010.html |archive-date=18 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://sports.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/15/cwg-2010-delhi-australia-apologise-vandalism.htm|title=Aussies apologise for damaging washing machine|work=TOI|date=15 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Australian High Commissioner rejected the claim, stating that the incident was the result of partying and celebrations.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToICricketLoss&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/commonwealth-games/vandalism-in-games-village-australian-high-commissioners-reaction-436194 |title=Vandalism in Games Village: Australian High Commissioner's reaction |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=www.ndtv.com |date=15 October 2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later comments by Australian officials contradicted claims by Lalit Bhanot{{who |date=April 2025}} that they had admitted responsibility. [[Perry Crosswhite]] said that it was still unclear if athletes from other nations present in the tower at the time had been responsible.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/16/3040128.htm?site=commonwealthgames/2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111223746/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/16/3040128.htm?site=commonwealthgames/2010|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2012|title=Officials deny athlete threw washing machine|newspaper=ABC News|date=16 October 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Safety and security concerns==<br /> Small monkeys roam Delhi's streets and prefer heavily urbanized areas with plenty of living space among the buildings and cannot be killed because many Indians see them as sacred. A larger, domesticated species of monkey, the [[langur]], was brought to the Games Village to scare away the smaller monkeys.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Delhi ropes in monkeys for Commonwealth Games security |work=BBC|date=29 September 2010|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11433539}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the second day of the games, three Ugandan delegates were injured by a malfunctioning security barrier at the games' village. The officials had cuts and bruises and were hospitalized overnight for observation. A senior official from Uganda raised allegations of discrimination by Indian officials. Uganda's sports minister lashed out at Indian officials and demanded an apology for the accident.&lt;ref name=&quot;Problems still mar Commonwealth Games in India&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101007/ap_on_sp_ot/com_commonwealth_games_problems|title=Problems still mar Commonwealth Games in India|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairman of the Games' Organising Committee, Suresh Kalmadi, apologized to the Ugandan High Commissioner to India for the incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=PTI |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/news/Kalmadi-apologises-to-Ugandan-officials/articleshow/6711890.cms |title=Kalmadi apologises to Ugandan officials| work=Times of India|date=8 October 2010 |access-date=14 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructural failures===<br /> On 21 September 2010, a footbridge under construction for the Games near the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium collapsed, injuring at least 23 people who were working at the structure,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| title = CWG: Bridge collapses near JLN stadium | date = 21 September 2010| url = http://www.zeenews.com/news656584.html | work = [[Zeenews.com]]| access-date = 21 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; mainly workers, underscoring fears of poor workmanship. Commenting on the incident, the then [[Chief Minister of Delhi]] [[Sheila Dikshit]] controversially remarked that the footbridge was only meant for spectators and not for athletes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title= Commonwealth Games 2010 mess: Foot over-bridge at Nehru stadium collapses|url= http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/article/id/spoen20100153970/type/latest/Commonwealth-Games-2010-mess-Foot-over-bridge-Nehru-stadium-collapses-53751.html|agency= [[NDTV]]|work= NDTV India|date= 21 September 2010|access-date= 21 September 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100924023819/http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/article/id/spoen20100153970/type/latest/Commonwealth-Games-2010-mess-Foot-over-bridge-Nehru-stadium-collapses-53751.html|archive-date= 24 September 2010|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following the collapse, Fennell expressed again the concerns that conditions at the Games Village, which had &quot;shocked the majority&quot;, would seriously compromise the entire event.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vancouver Sun&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Scandals, filth give Commonwealth Games sinking feeling|date=21 September 2010 |url=https://vancouversun.com/sports/Scandals+filth+give+Commonwealth+Games+sinking+feeling/3555038/story.html|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=21 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company that was building the foot bridge, P&amp;R Infraprojects, was subsequently blacklisted by the Delhi Government and was not allowed to get government contracts.&lt;ref name=the_age&gt;{{Cite news|date= 23 September 2010 |title= Safety cloud over Games venues| access-date=23 September 2010|url=http://www.theage.com.au/sport/safety-cloud-over-games-venues-20100922-15mye.html?from=age_sb|work= [[The Age]] |author= Wade, Matt |author2=Ker, Peter | location=Melbourne}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Reportedly, progress was still slow and four or five towers at the Games village were unfinished, lacking facilities such as wireless internet, fitted toilets and plumbing. In addition, rubble, unused masonry and discarded bricks littered the unfinished gardens. According to sports historian Boria Majumdar, author of the ''Sellotape Legacy: Delhi and the Commonwealth Games'', India &quot;may have to pull a miracle.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vancouver Sun&quot;/&gt; The father of Australian track cyclist [[Kaarle McCulloch]] visited his daughter at the Olympic village. A builder in Australia, Grahame McCulloch criticised the structural soundness of the village; he said &quot;those buildings are the dodgiest things I have ever seen...so substandard&quot;.&lt;ref name=crad/&gt; He told his daughter not to use the balcony, fearing that it was collapsible.&lt;ref name=crad&gt;Craddock, Robert (7 October 2010). &quot;What games? We just won the cricket&quot;. ''The Advertiser''. p. 77.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The next day after the catwalk fell, part of the drop ceiling of the Commonwealth Games weightlifting collapsed.&lt;ref name=Aust_2010_Sept_22&gt;{{Cite news| url= http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/games-roof-collapse-report/story-fn3dxity-1225928001831 | title= Games roof collapse - report | date= 22 September 2010 | access-date= 22 September 2010 |publisher=[[The Australian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Also on the same day, Indian bantamweight boxer [[Akhil Kumar]]'s bed in the Games village collapsed when he sat on it. &quot;I sat down on my bed to rest but suddenly it gave way. After that I noticed that part of it has no plywood&quot;, he said&lt;ref name=&quot;Express&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/54986/commonwealth-games-troubles-continue/|title=India tries to put modern face forward for Games|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=27 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 27 September 2010, the South African delegation reported that a snake was present in an athlete room in the Games Village. A day earlier, animal authorities had to be called in to evacuate a [[king cobra]] from the tennis arena's sewage system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/27/3022745.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718231151/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/27/3022745.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |title=Snake found in Games athlete's room - Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games News |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=19 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 7 October, during the Games day 4, the <br /> scoreboard at the [[Delhi University Stadium]] crashed to the ground when a supporting chain snapped. As the competition would start a week after the incident, there was no harm to the athletes or the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;Problems still mar Commonwealth Games in India&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Terrorist threats===<br /> Following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], some athletes and their representative bodies expressed security fears during the games. In April 2010, during the [[Indian Premier League]], two low intensity bombs went off outside the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]] in [[Bangalore]]. Although there were no casualties, this postponed the start of the game by an hour. Following this attack, foreign cricketers like [[Kevin Pietersen]] expressed fears for their safety and questions were raised regarding the safety of athletes during the Commonwealth Games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lawton |first1=Aaron |title=Bombs hit Indian Premier League match |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/3594506/Bombs-hit-Indian-Premier-League-match |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=www.stuff.co.nz |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=April 27, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although cricket was not on this Game's program, UK and Canadian authorities also warned about potential attacks on commercial targets in Delhi ahead of the games.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7105608.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=Attack alerts in Delhi hit plans to stage Commonwealth Games | access-date=23 April 2010 | first=Jeremy | last=Page | date=23 April 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ndtv.com/news/sports/commonwealth-games-security-lagging-behind-20603.php Commonwealth Games security lagging behind]. Ndtv.com. Retrieved on 6 July 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Jama Masjid Mosque incident====<br /> {{Main|2010 Jama Masjid attack}}<br /> <br /> On 19 September 2010, unknown gunmen on a motorbike opened fire with an automatic pistol on a tourist bus outside the [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid Mosque]] mosque in Delhi. The attacks, which came a fortnight before the start of the games, injured two Taiwanese tourists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/03-gunmen-open-fire-at-tourist-bus-in-new-delhi-ss-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920204704/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/03-gunmen-open-fire-at-tourist-bus-in-new-delhi-ss-02 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2010 |title=Gunmen open fire at tourist bus in New Delhi |publisher=Dawn |access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Two hours later, a [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti]] car exploded in the vicinity, reportedly from a deliberate low-intensity [[pressure cooker bomb]] which had been assembled inside. No fatalities or major damages were reported. The incidents, which were purportedly claimed by the [[Indian Mujahideen]] group, provoked fears about lack of security in the city for the upcoming games. However, police in Delhi initially denied the role of any organised terror group and instead blamed the attacks on &quot;disgruntled youths and local criminal gangs.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=PTI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-terror-angle-in-Jama-Masjid-incidents-Police/articleshow/6586368.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065232/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-19/india/28266145_1_jama-masjid-taiwanese-nationals-pressure-cooker |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=No terror angle in Jama Masjid incidents: Police (The Times of India) |date= 19 September 2010|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Officials suggested that a possible motive of the strike was to instill fear in people ahead of the Commonwealth Games.<br /> <br /> ===Fear of a [[dengue]] outbreak===<br /> <br /> In 2010, the heaviest monsoon rains in 15 years was recorded in India, along with large quantities of standing water on CWG construction sites as well as in tanks and ponds, this situation raised concerns over increased levels of [[Aedes aegypti]] larvae and mosquitoes in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Delhi's Richest Areas Hit By Dengue as City Prepares for Games|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=12 September 2010|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-12/delhi-s-wealthiest-areas-hit-by-dengue-outbreak-as-city-prepares-for-games.html|first=Mehul|last=Srivastava}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the run-up to the games it was reported that 65-70 cases of [[dengue fever]] were being diagnosed each day in the city, with the number of cases &quot;likely to hit the 3,000 mark&quot; at the opening ceremonies day in 3 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Dengue cases on the rise |date=19 September 2010|url=http://hindu.com/2010/09/19/stories/2010091965210300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311091823/http://hindu.com/2010/09/19/stories/2010091965210300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2012|work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Water related Illness===<br /> Many swimmers were reported to have fallen ill. Initially, concerns were raised over the quality of water in the swimming pools of the [[SPM Swimming Pool Complex]]. It was said that more than 20 percent of the English team's swimmers – about eight to 10 competitors – had been struck down with a stomach virus. The Australian team also reported that at least six of its swimmers had been sick, including [[Andrew Lauterstein]], who had to withdraw from the 50-meter butterfly. Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell said officials would conduct tests to make sure the pools were not the source of the illness. &quot;If there is something unsafe, you cannot swim in that water. It is a matter we have to deal with a great deal of urgency,&quot; he said.&lt;ref name=&quot;Problems still mar Commonwealth Games in India&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> However, other competing teams, including South Africa, reported no such illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=938225&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=490476&amp;SA-swimming-team-healthy-and-well |title=SA swimming team healthy and well - Newswatch - East Coast Radio |website=www.ecr.co.za |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716212006/http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=938225&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=490476&amp;SA-swimming-team-healthy-and-well |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daily water quality tests were being carried out on the water of the pools, as mandated by the event standards. Additional tests were ordered after news of the illnesses, but they also did not find anything amiss. The Australian team's chief doctor, Peter Harcourt, ruled that the &quot;chances of the [Delhi] pool being the cause of the problem is very remote&quot; and praised the hygiene and food quality in the Delhi Games Village.&lt;ref name=&quot;Illness&quot;/&gt; He suggested that it could be a common case of [[Traveler's diarrhea]] (locally called ''[[Delhi belly]]''), or the Australian swimmers could have contracted the stomach virus during their training camp in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Illness&quot;/&gt; English Olympic and Commonwealth gold-medalist swimmer [[Rebecca Adlington]] said that the water quality was absolutely fine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Did Delhi live up to expectations&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Boycotts==<br /> Following the withdrawal of [[Dani Samuels]], the then women's world discus champion,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url= https://www.smh.com.au/sport/australian-discus-thrower-bows-out-of-delhi-games-20100921-15l6r.html?from=smh_sb| title= Australian discus thrower bows out of Delhi Games<br /> |last= Lane| first= Daniel| date= 21 September 2010| access-date= 22 September 2010| work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; because &quot;[her] safety [was] more important to them than a medal,&quot; [[Minister for Sport (Australia)|Australia's Minister for Sport]], [[Mark Arbib]], said CWG officials expected more competitors to follow suit.<br /> <br /> The departure of last part of the Scottish delegation ended up being delayed for 48 hours, and also the Welsh team set a deadline of 22 September to receive reassurances that the venues would be fit for purpose. The first group of English athletes, which included the lawn bowls team and a men's hockey squad, said the organisers were not making nearly enough progress just a day before they were to leave. ''[[The Guardian]]'' suggested a mass walkout remained an option with the &quot;point of no return&quot; less than a week before the opening ceremonies; they claimed the &quot;main competing countries would be likely to act in concert.&quot;They also suggested the games were on the verge of &quot;descending into farce.&quot;<br /> <br /> Michael Cavanagh, the chairman of Commonwealth Games Scotland, said a decision to stay away would be a joint one, as he insisted a possible knock on effects for the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Glasgow]] would not be a factor. He said &quot;In terms of withdrawal we don't see this as simply a Team Scotland decision, any decision to withdraw we would see as being a collective decision amongst the countries who are already there and already concerned. We can't allow ourselves to be influenced by thoughts of how it may impact on 2014, not when we have something as important as the safety of our athletes to consider.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;/&gt; [[Phillips Idowu]], the then world triple jump champion, also withdrew from the Games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_world-champion-phillips-idowu-pulls-out-of-games-due-to-safety-concerns_1441367|title=World champion Phillips Idowu pulls out of Games due to safety concerns|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=22 September 2010|access-date=24 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Calls for boycott ===<br /> Amidst allegations of blatant corruption, shoddy construction work at venues and security concerns for participating athletes, the 2010 Commonwealth Games have faced numerous [[boycott]] calls from individuals in India, England and Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhagat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DawnF&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Within India, there were calls for boycott. A group of celebrities also called a boycott. This group included former Indian cricket captain and [[spin bowler]] [[Bishan Singh Bedi]] and bestselling Indian author [[Chetan Bhagat]].<br /> Bedi said the &quot;CWG organisers have taken the country for a ride&quot; and urged international athletes to boycott the &quot;embarrassing&quot; Delhi games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Wonder-how-CWG-OC-slept-for-so-long-Bishen-Singh-Bedi/articleshow/6324637.cms |title=Wonder how CWG OC slept for so long: Bishen Singh Bedi |work=[[Times of India]] |date=17 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cricket.yahoo.com/cricket/news/article?id=item/2.0/-/story/cricket.ani.com/bishen-bedi-urges-athletes-boycott-embarrassing-delhi-commonwealth-games-20100817/ |title=Bishen Bedi urges athletes to boycott 'embarrassing' Delhi Commonwealth Games |publisher=Cricket.yahoo.com |date=17 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717004245/http://cricket.yahoo.com/cricket/news/article?id=item%2F2.0%2F-%2Fstory%2Fcricket.ani.com%2Fbishen-bedi-urges-athletes-boycott-embarrassing-delhi-commonwealth-games-20100817%2F |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhagat, who is considered a youth icon in India with a huge fan following, called the Commonwealth games the &quot;biggest and most blatant exercise in mass corruption since the country won their independence six decades ago.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhagat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/indian-author-blasts-corrupt-games-20100829-13xpb.html |title=Indian author blasts 'corrupt' Games |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=30 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010 | first=Matt | last=Wade}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/indian-paperback-king-slams-delhi-games-bribery-20100829-13xmk.html |title=Indian paperback king slams Delhi Games 'bribery' |publisher=The Age |date=30 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010 | location=Melbourne | first1=Matt | last1=Wade}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhagat, who has sold more than 4 million books in India, also urged his readers to boycott the games event and not to watch them on TV, thereby using the &quot;golden chance&quot; to &quot;put the corrupt and insensitive government to shame.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhagat&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Jat people|Jat]] community seeking [[Reservation in India|reservation]] under the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] quota have also planned to use the Commonwealth games as a platform and force the Indian government to relent to their needs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Quota-seeking-Jats-to-flood-CWG-venues-disrupt-games/articleshow/6563467.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-16/chandigarh/28236417_1_cwg-venues-jats-black-flags |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=Quota-seeking Jats to 'flood' CWG venues, disrupt games |date=16 September 2010 |access-date=20 September 2010 |first1=Manveer |work=[[The Times of India]] |last1=Saini}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Other associations also threatened to boycott the games. Considering the potential impact of a terror threat and other security concerns, rumors arose about a boycott of the Delhi Commonwealth Games by major participating nations including Scotland, England and New Zealand.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dailyrec1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2009/12/31/scotland-will-not-boycott-commonwealth-games-over-security-fears-86908-21933164/ |title=Scotland will not boycott Commonwealth Games over security fears |publisher=The Daily Record |access-date=7 September 2010|date=2009-12-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NZherald1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&amp;objectid=10666732 |title=Call for athletes to boycott Games |publisher=[[Nzherald.co.nz]] |date=17 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the rumors were soon put to rest by Commonwealth games committees in each of these countries who expressed a general level of satisfaction with the security arrangements.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dailyrec1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NZherald1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Australian quadruple Olympic gold medal-winning swimmer [[Dawn Fraser]] called for Australia to boycott the games event, citing fears of a tragedy similar to that which unfolded in the [[Munich massacre|1972 Summer Olympics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DawnF&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/aug/19/australia-commonwealth-games-boycott-fraser |title=Dawn Fraser: Australia must consider Commonwealth Games boycott |work=The Guardian|date= 19 August 2010|access-date=7 September 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fraser pronounced that reports of missed construction deadlines and other irregularities in games planning meant Indian authorities' &quot;word for providing security should not be taken at its face value.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;DawnF&quot;/&gt; However, the Australian Commonwealth Games Association was quick to dismiss Fraser's fears with ACGA chief executive, Perry Crosswhite saying he believed there will be no security issues during the games event.&lt;ref name=&quot;DawnF&quot;/&gt; [[John Coates (sports administrator)|John Coates]], [[Australian Olympic Committee]] president, came down hard on the organisers, alleging teams were being forced to temporary accommodation at hotels. &quot;I don't think it is a cultural thing. When you agree to host [the Games], you are required to provide the basics in terms of health and hygiene for the athletes. The Games shouldn't have been awarded to Delhi in hindsight.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/09/201092465930139915.html |title=Delhi games controversy continues - Central &amp; South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=24 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sporting controversies==<br /> <br /> ===Doping===<br /> Just before the Games, the Indian team suffered seven casualties when four wrestlers, two swimmers and a shot putter were cut from the team as a result of positive tests for [[methylhexaneamine]]. Four others, who were not picked for the Games, also failed drug tests conducted at the various training camps across the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j49d60QFrmIIU4kvlmohXVrGwoOw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909170330/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j49d60QFrmIIU4kvlmohXVrGwoOw |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 September 2010 |title=India stunned by failed dope tests ahead of Games|date=6 September 2010|work=[[Google News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Sport/Story/STIStory_575138.html|title=India's swimmers fail dope test|date=5 September 2010|work=[[The Straits Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The same substance was recorded in the examination of Nigerian runner [[Oludamola Osayomi]] who won the [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres|women's 100 meters on athletics]] in an event hit by another big controversy.&lt;ref name=abc_test_fail&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/11/3035197.htm?site=sport&amp;section=all<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111220110/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/11/3035197.htm?site=sport&amp;section=all<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archive-date=11 November 2012<br /> |title= Winner of Pearson's 100m tests positive |access-date=11 October 2010 |date= 11 October 2010 |publisher= ABC Grandstand}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another Nigerian athlete, hurdler [[Samuel Okon]] who placed sixth in the 110 metres hurdles, was reported to have tested positive for the same drug.&lt;ref name=2nd_test_fail&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/10/another-nigerian-athlete-fails-dope-test/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title= Another Nigerian athlete fails dope test |access-date=12 October 2010 |date= 12 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2011, three of the four women from India's gold medal-winning 400-metre-relay team tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs. Two of the racers, [[Sini Jose]] and [[Jauna Murmu]], tested positive for the anabolic steroid [[methandienone]], and [[Tiana Mary Thomas]] tested positive for [[epi-methandienone]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Westhead|first=Rick|title=Storybook win at Commonwealth Games. Now, a doping scandal|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1021548--india-rocked-by-olympic-doping-scandal|access-date=16 July 2011|newspaper=thestar.com|date=7 July 2011|location=Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Audience Behavior during some Events===<br /> <br /> ====Archery====<br /> <br /> While the audience's behaviour at the archery event provoked criticism from the English team, the silver medallist, [[Alison Williamson]], praised it on the other hand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9077602.stm | work=BBC News | title=Williamson secures archery silver | date=10 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Earlier reports held that the English team was upset because the loud chant of the crowd during the women's recurve event had distracted the archers. In an action condemned in the [[Indian media]], an English archery official allegedly abused an Indian coach, telling him to &quot;f*** off.&quot; The comment came after the Indian team registered a one-point win over England to claim the gold medal. The Indian archery head coach, [[Limba Ram]], walked over to shake hands with officials of the rival team. In response, an English official showed his elbow in a gesture before uttering the remarks. Britain's archery team leader said she was unaware of the incident and added, &quot;[the Indian coach] must find out whether the person was one among us. If he was not wearing a red jersey, he would not be part of the side. I will speak to the Indian coach about it.&quot; [[Limba Ram]] said that he failed to identify the person as he had chosen to ignore the one-off incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://sify.com/sports/english-official-abuses-indian-archery-coach-news-others-kkisVJbcdci.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721071042/http://sify.com/sports/english-official-abuses-indian-archery-coach-news-others-kkisVJbcdci.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2012|title=English official abuses Indian archery coach|work=Sify Sports|date=8 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; There have also been accusations that Ram was called a monkey on two different occasions by an English official.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Racism-slur-now-hits-Commonwealth-Games/694899|title=Racism slur now hits Commonwealth Games - Indian Express|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Athletics===<br /> [[File:Sally Pearson-cropped.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Pearson won the 100m sprint before being disqualified.]]<br /> During the Final of the Women's 100m sprint final, a controversy was caused by the eventual disqualification of [[Sally Pearson]] of Australia. She had won the race on the third attempted start after one start was delayed because of excessive crowd noise and the second due to a false start by [[Laura Turner (sprinter)|Laura Turner]] of England. Pearson was disqualified because she was deemed to have false-started in the second attempted restart along with Turner. This was as a direct result of a protest lodged by Team England. The controversy was caused as only Turner was disqualified from the race during the race because of a false start and not Pearson. Turner ran the race under protest. Pearson and other athletes were not informed of the protest until four hours after the race, as they were waiting to begin the medal presentation for the race. Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell called Pearson's treatment &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; and that the whole situation was caused by an &quot;unacceptable communications blunder&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9073167.stm | title='Communication blunder' sees Pearson stripped of gold | work=BBC News| date=8 October 2010 | access-date=8 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Boxing Weigh-in===<br /> During the weigh-in for the boxing competition, the scales were giving inaccurate readings with athletes recording higher body weights on the official scales. The scales were deemed to be broken and the weigh-in was delayed 24 hours to find and calibrate new scales. The initial wrong measurements led to angry shouting between coaches, athletes and organisers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2010/s3029100.htm|title=Boxing row breaks out at the Commonwealth Games|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=4 October 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the boxing competition there have been claims made by various teams including England and [[Botswana at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Botswana]] that jabs were not being scored by judges. This was attributed to the removal of a white scoring zone placed on the boxers gloves which is usually present in amateur boxing events. The BBC commentating team also claimed there to be a bias in judges scores towards Indian competitors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9073167.stm | title=Boxing: latest fiasco in troubled Games | publisher=Reuters| date=4 October 2010 | access-date=8 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Cycling===<br /> During the final of the Men's [[Keirin]], Malaysian [[Azizulhasni Awang]] was disqualified for aggressive interference when he forced his way past two competitors. Race winner [[Josiah Ng]] said he was &quot;mystified&quot; over Awang's disqualification. In the semi-final round of the [[keirin]], Australia's [[Shane Perkins]] was disqualified for dangerous riding with the official reason not being made clear. Perkins subsequently won the classification race and was described by [[Chris Boardman]] from the BBC to &quot;have aimed an angry V-sign at officials&quot;; he gestured to the judges with his index and middle finger held together. No subsequent action was taken against Perkins who later said, &quot;the officials need to go back to school&quot;, referencing poor decisions he felt had been made in the sprint and keirin events.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8045839/Commonwealth-Games-2010-David-Daniell-wins-silver-medal-following-keirin-controversy.html| title=Commonwealth Games 2010: David Daniell wins silver medal following keirin controversy | work=The Telegraph| date=6 October 2010 | access-date=8 October 2010| location=London| first=Brendan| last=Gallagher}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Swimming===<br /> On another occasion, South African swimmer [[Roland Schoeman]] came under criticism when he referred to the crowd at the swimming as &quot;going on like monkeys&quot; in a post-race poolside interview. Schoeman's remarks came after he narrowly avoided being disqualified as he and England's [[Simon Burnett]] fell in at the start of the 50m freestyle when distracted by the crowd noise. The swimming has been persistently affected by Indian spectators ignoring etiquette and shouting out while the competitors were preparing for the start.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/commonwealth-games/swimmer-roland-schoeman-in-deep-end-for-monkeys-comment/story-fn66fst6-1225936234884 Swimmer Roland Schoeman in deep end for 'monkeys' comment: The Australian]&lt;/ref&gt; His comment was regarded as possibly being a racial ethnic slur, although he later said that the word was commonly used in South Africa to refer to mischievous behaviour. At an official press conference, organising committee secretary-general Lalit Bhanot took the complaints about monkeys literally. Not being aware of the complaints, Bhanot felt Delhi's wildlife was at issue: &quot;We know especially at the swimming pool there are a lot of monkeys and we have made efforts to keep them away from the swimming pool.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/commonwealth-games/schoeman/story-fn66fst6-1225936210819|title=Swimmer Roland Schoeman slams Aussies over 'monkeys' slur incident|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Wrestling===<br /> Australian wrestler Hassene Fkiri was ejected from the 96&amp;nbsp;kg Greco-Roman competition and stripped of the silver medal after making an obscene gesture at the international [[International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles|FILA]] judges during the final. According to an Australian official, Fkiri was furious at his Indian rival Anil Kumar, who he accused of breaking the rules a number of times in the first period by holding Fkiri around the neck and head with two hands. The Australian received his first warning after he made a comment to the referee as he walked off the mat at the end of the two-minute period; when Kumar repeated the same move in the next round, Fkiri headbutted him and was issued a second warning. He then proceeded to swing his arms uncontrollably afterwards, which resulted in his third warning and eventual disqualification. After losing, Fkiri refused to shake hands with the victor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/commonwealth-games-2010/comm-games-news/bird-brain-how-happy-fkiri-got-leaner-and-meaner--then-stripped-of-silver-20101006-167b2.html|title=Bird brain: how 'happy' Fkiri got leaner and meaner ... then stripped of silver|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=6 October 2010|first=Georgina|last=Robinson}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reactions and responses==<br /> Responding to media concerns, the organisers said there were 48 hours to save the Games after warnings of a pull out.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author1=Jason Burke in Delhi |author2=Owen Gibson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/sep/22/commonwealth-games-crisis-48-hours |title=Commonwealth Games given 48 hours to save itself &amp;#124; Sport |work=The Guardian|date=22 September 2010 |access-date=23 September 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Numerous [[Bollywood]] actors also expressed their dismay at the state of the Games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/commonwealth%20games/now-bollywood-brickbats-for-commonwealth-games-54047 |title=Now, Bollywood brickbats for Commonwealth Games |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=22 September 2010 |access-date=23 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Four days before the start of the games, tickets for the opening, closing ceremonies, and the 100 m athletics were still not sold out.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/29/3025464.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716170655/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/29/3025464.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2012|title=Thousands of tickets unsold in Delhi|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=29 September 2010|access-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[The Sydney Morning Herald]] wrote that despite Kalmadi's &quot;blind optimism&quot;, the games were not going to be the best ever. Instead, it wrote that it was &quot;probably the most interesting.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/most-interesting-games-ever-20101014-16lly.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | first=Paul | last=Mulvey | title=Most interesting Games ever | date=14 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony|opening ceremony]] played a key role in improving the image of the Games. As athletes arrived and competitions started, many earlier critics changed their view. The Australian Sports Minister said that India could now aim for the [[Olympics]], and the President of the [[International Olympic Committee]], [[Jacques Rogge]], said that India had made a good foundation for a future Olympics bid.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/commonwealth%20games/india-should-aim-for-olympics-australian-sports-minister-57139|title=India should aim for Olympics: Australian Sports Minister|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=5 October 2010|access-date=16 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/news/Games-good-foundation-for-Olympic-bid-by-India-Rogge/articleshow/6680736.cms|title=Games good foundation for Olympic bid by India: Rogge|work=[[Times of India]] | date=4 October 2010|access-date=16 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the Games concluded, many observers remarked that they began on an apprehensive note, but were an exceptional experience with a largely positive ending.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/101015/sports/cgames2010_aus |title=Australia praises India's 'exceptional' Games |date=15 October 2010 |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] }} {{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/jamespearce/2010/10/did_delhi_live_up_to_expectati.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016050913/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/jamespearce/2010/10/did_delhi_live_up_to_expectati.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2010|title=Did Delhi live up to expectations?|work=[[BBC]]|date=14 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some observers accused sections of the media of bias, unfair expectations, and negative reporting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/commonwealth-games-2010/comm-games-news/its-time-to-reflect-on-how-delhi-got-it-right-20101014-16ltt.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=15 October 2010|access-date=16 October 2010|first=Peter|last=Hanlon|title=It's time to reflect on how Delhi got it right}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Within India, the Games saw criticism due to the Games' origins as a celebration of the British Empire, with [[Arindam Chaudhuri]] arguing for India's disassociation from the &quot;slavish games&quot; which he viewed as a &quot;celebration of racial discrimination, colonialism [and] imperialism&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | last = Chaudhuri | first = Arindam | title =Instead of creating such hype around commonwealth games, India should have long ago stopped participating in these slavish games | work = The Sunday Indian | date = 26 September 2010 | url = http://thesundayindian.com/article.php?article_id=9555 | access-date = 14 November 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Criticism by Mani Shankar Aiyar===<br /> [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], a senior member of the ruling [[Indian National Congress]] party and former [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs]] was an early [[whistleblower]] from the [[Union Council of Ministers of India|Indian Union Cabinet]] who expressed concern over extensive delays in preparation leading to unplanned expenses which he said, could have been utilized for &quot;ensuring a better sporting future for Indian children by providing them sports training&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECOtimes1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/BJP-Mani-Shankar-Aiyar-embarrass-government-on-Commonwealth-Games/articleshow/6223040.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730090324/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/BJP-Mani-Shankar-Aiyar-embarrass-government-on-Commonwealth-Games/articleshow/6223040.cms | title=BJP, Mani Shankar Aiyar embarrass government on Commonwealth Games |work=The Economic Times|date=27 July 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010 |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aiyar also said that he would be &quot;unhappy&quot; if the Games were a success and wished for the &quot;Commonwealth Games to be spoiled.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECOtimes1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Aiyar's frank media admission proved a public embarrassment for Commonwealth Games Organising Committee chairman [[Suresh Kalmadi]] who labelled him &quot;anti national&quot; for wishing that the Commonwealth Games are &quot;spoilt.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Suresh-Kalmadi-dubs-Mani-Shankar-Aiyar-anti-national/Article1-578503.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729143241/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Suresh-Kalmadi-dubs-Mani-Shankar-Aiyar-anti-national/Article1-578503.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2010 |title=Suresh Kalmadi dubs Mani Shankar Aiyar anti-national |work=Hindustan Times|date=27 July 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmadi's remark received extensive criticism in [[Media in India|Indian media]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Rajesh Kalra |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/entry/patriotism-is-the-last-refuge |title='Patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrels' is no longer a mere quote : Sports : Rajesh Kalra : TOI Blogs |publisher=Blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=7 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Aiyar also told an Australian TV channel that India is &quot;probably the poorest country of the Commonwealth&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2010/s3023269.htm |title=The 7.30 Report |work=ABC |date=27 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangladesh, among other countries, has a lower GDP per capita/purchasing power parity.<br /> <br /> ==Allegations of corruption and financial irregularities==<br /> The day after the conclusion of the Games, the Indian Government announced formation of a special committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement against the Organizing Committee (OC). The probe committee was led by former [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] [[V. K. Shunglu]]. This probe was in addition to the [[Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation]], [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), [[Enforcement Directorate]], and [[Central Vigilance Commission]] (CVC) investigations already underway. The then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]], had promised in mid-August, when reports of the bungling first surfaced, that corrupt officials will be given ''&quot;severe and exemplary&quot; punishment'' after the Games. The committee was given three months time to submit its report.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CWG-Probe-panel-to-report-in-3-months/articleshow/6756414.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065243/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-16/india/28259235_1_probe-panel-oc-bosses-alleged-misappropriation| url-status=live| archive-date=4 November 2012|title=CWG: Probe panel to report in 3 months |date=16 October 2010 | work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article832511.ece|title=Centre orders probe into CWG issues|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 October 2010|access-date=16 October 2010|location=Chennai, India|first=J.|last=Balaji}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A total of 53 corruption cases were being examined by the CVC. As of September 2012, 28 of them were still in different stages of investigation, 13 were referred to CBI for further investigation and 12 were closed.&lt;ref name=&quot;CVC Okays Closure of 12 CWG Graft Related Cases&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CVC Okays Closure of 12 CWG Graft Related Cases|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=775433|access-date=18 September 2012|newspaper=The Outlook India|date=17 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131192651/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=775433|archive-date=31 January 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Timing-Scoring-Result (TSR) case===<br /> This case relates to allegations of corruption in awarding TSR system contract to a Swiss firm<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;Kalmadi arrested by CBI in CWG scam case&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/kalmadi-arrested-by-cbicwg-scam-case_538069.html|title=Kalmadi arrested by CBI in CWG scam case|date=25 April 2011|publisher= CNBC|access-date=25 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====CBI investigation and chargesheet====<br /> On 25 April 2011, CBI arrested former CWG Organising Committee (OC) chairman [[Suresh Kalmadi]] in the Timing-Scoring-Result (TSR) case. He was arrested under Sections 120 B (criminal conspiracy) and 420 (cheating) of the [[Indian Penal Code]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalmadi arrested by CBI in CWG scam case&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 20 May 2011, CBI filed the first [[chargesheet]] in a special CBI court against Kalmadi. The CBI alleged that he was the ''main accused'' in awarding TSR system contract to a Swiss firm. The chargesheet said, &quot;Kalmadi is the main accused as he was the person with all supreme powers. He had the supreme over-riding powers in the Organising Committee of the CWG, 2010.&quot; In addition to Kalmadi, the CBI named two companies and eight persons including OC former Secretary General Lalit Bhanot and former Director General VK Verma as accused.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG: Court takes cognisance of chargesheet against Kalmadi&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG: Court takes cognisance of chargesheet against Kalmadi|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/163568/content/216700/beauty-mathematics.html|access-date=17 August 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=23 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: Kalmadi named 'main accused' in first CBI charge sheet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG scam: Kalmadi named 'main accused' in first CBI charge sheet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2035048.ece|access-date=17 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The accused were charged under various provisions of the [[Indian Penal Code]] sections dealing with criminal conspiracy, forging documents and using fake documents as genuine, Section 13 (1) (d) of the [[Prevention of Corruption Act (India)|Prevention of Corruption Act]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: Kalmadi named 'main accused' in first CBI charge sheet&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: CBI files first chargesheet against Suresh Kalmadi, 8 others&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG scam: CBI files first chargesheet against Suresh Kalmadi, 8 others|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/cwg-scam-cbi-files-first-chargesheet-against-suresh-kalmadi-8-others-107198|access-date=17 August 2012|newspaper=NDTV|date=20 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the charge sheet, the accused allegedly awarded the lucrative contract to the Swiss firm to install a TSR system for the Commonwealth Games at an excessive cost, causing a loss of over {{INRConvert|900|m}} to the exchequer. The investigation revealed that officials of the OC had conspired with private persons for awarding the contract at an excessive net cost of about {{INRConvert|1576|m}} as compared to a net bid of Spain-based company for approximately {{INRConvert|620|m}}. This resulted in a loss of about {{INRConvert|956|m}} by wrongly eliminating all competitors of Swiss-based company.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: Kalmadi named 'main accused' in first CBI charge sheet&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: CBI files first chargesheet against Suresh Kalmadi, 8 others&quot;/&gt; Two bids were received for TSR contract from Swiss Timing and MSL Spain and they were opened on 4 November 2009. However, much before that, on 12 October 2009, Kalmadi and Verma had announced that the contract would be awarded to Swiss Timing.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG: Charge Framing Order Against Kalmadi on 21 Nov&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG: Charge Framing Order Against Kalmadi on Nov 21|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=777627|access-date=8 October 2012|newspaper=Outlook India|date=8 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306190336/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=777627|archive-date=6 March 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Trial====<br /> On 4 February 2013, the court of special CBI judge Ravinder Kaur found sufficient prima facie evidence and ordered framing of charges against all the accused. The charges framed were: cheating, forgery, criminal conspiracy and causing a loss of over Rs 900&amp;nbsp;million under the [[Prevention of Corruption Act (India)|Prevention of Corruption Act]]. As the accused pleaded not guilty, the court ordered that daily [[Trial|Criminal trial]] (for 5 days a week) began from 20 February.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suresh Kalmadi charged with criminal conspiracy&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Suresh Kalmadi charged with criminal conspiracy|url=http://www.niticentral.com/2013/02/kalmadi-charged-with-criminal-conspiracy.html|access-date=7 February 2013|newspaper=Niti Central|date=4 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208144426/http://www.niticentral.com/2013/02/kalmadi-charged-with-criminal-conspiracy.html|archive-date=8 February 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CWG: Court Frames Charges Against Kalmadi, 9 Others&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG: Court Frames Charges Against Kalmadi, 9 Others|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=788818|access-date=7 February 2013|newspaper=Outlook India|date=4 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204234833/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=788818|archive-date=4 February 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Queen's Baton Relay (QBR) case===<br /> {{further|Queen's Baton Relay}}<br /> <br /> The QBR event was held on 29 October 2009. The allegation was that, the Organising Committee (OC) awarded the work of transportation in QBR event to AM Car and Van Hire Ltd at excessively high rates without following a standard tender process.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI to file chargesheet in Queen’s baton scam&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CBI to file chargesheet in Queen's baton scam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-to-file-chargesheet-in-Queens-baton-scam/articleshow/9534627.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103124143/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-09/india/29867663_1_standard-tender-process-chargesheet-suresh-kalmadi|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|access-date=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After completing investigations, CBI filed its second charge-sheet (after the charge-sheet in TSR case) in a special CBI court in Delhi. The CBI named OC officials T S Darbari, Sanjay Mohindroo, Jeychandran and London-based businessman Ashish Patel and his two companies AM Car n Van Hire and AM Films. The chargesheet alleged that OC members conspired to award contracts of local transportation and others to Patel's companies at excessive rates during the event held in London in 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI Chargesheet in One More CWG Scam Case&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CBI Chargesheet in One More CWG Scam Case|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=772380|access-date=18 August 2012|newspaper=Outlook India|date=17 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818015315/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=772380|archive-date=18 August 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The accused were charged under Indian Penal Code sections relating to criminal conspiracy to cheat and forgery along with violations of [[Prevention of Corruption Act (India)|Prevention of Corruption Act]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI Chargesheet in One More CWG Scam Case&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Venue Development Support case===<br /> A Swiss company was awarded a contract of over {{INRConvert|700|m}} for providing venue development support services to the Organising Committee (OC). However, it was alleged that Prime Minister appointed VK Shunglu Committee found serious cases of forgery and irregularity with the contract. The committee said that, &quot;Undue pressure was brought within the OC for engaging the company for the contract&quot; and recommended that CBI or [[Enforcement Directorate|ED]] should take up the case for appropriate action.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI files new case against Kalmadi, Bhanot in CWG scam&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CBI files new case against Kalmadi, Bhanot in CWG scam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-files-new-case-against-Kalmadi-Bhanot-in-CWG-scam/articleshow/15625041.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126044928/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-24/india/33365493_1_games-workforce-venue-development-eks|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2013|access-date=24 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trouble for Kalmadi, CBI files another FIR in Swiss firm deal case&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Trouble for Kalmadi, CBI files another FIR in Swiss firm deal case|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/trouble-for-kalmadi-cbi-files-another-fir-in-swiss-firm-deal-case/992337/|access-date=24 August 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=24 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Based on Shunglu Committee's findings, CBI registered an [[First Information Report|FIR]] against Suresh Kalmadi, Lalit Bhanot and AK Mattoo on 23 August 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI files new case against Kalmadi, Bhanot in CWG scam&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trouble for Kalmadi, CBI files another FIR in Swiss firm deal case&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 23 March 2014, the Hindustan Times reported that &quot;...the investigation into the alleged irregularities committed is stumbling with the CBI having closed its FIR related to grant of two contracts to a Swiss firm for lack of evidence.&quot;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;CWG scam: CBI closes 10th FIR for lack of proof&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=CWG scam: CBI closes 10th FIR for lack of proof|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cwg-scam-cbi-closes-10th-fir-for-lack-of-proof/article1-1199006.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322204613/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cwg-scam-cbi-closes-10th-fir-for-lack-of-proof/article1-1199006.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2014|access-date=2 April 2014|newspaper=Industan Times|date=23 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Other cases===<br /> CBI sources revealed in July 2012 that the probe against alleged corruption in construction of Barapullah Flyover and grant of Bail-out Package to EMAAR MGF is likely to be closed in the absence of substantiating evidence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cwg-scam-cbi-may-close-barapullah-emaar-cases/973511/0| title= CWG scam: CBI may close Barapullah, Emaar cases| date= 12 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|India|Sports}} <br /> *[[List of scandals in India]]<br /> *[[Concerns and controversies over the 2008 Summer Olympics]]<br /> *[[Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Winter Olympics]]<br /> *[[Mafia Raj#Contractor mafias|Contractor Mafias]] — construction [[mafia]]s, part of the [[Mafia Raj]] in India<br /> *[[Corruption in India]]<br /> *[[Indian political scandals]]<br /> *[[The Lokpal Bill, 2011]]<br /> *[[Jan Lokpal Bill]]<br /> *[[1992 Indian stock market scam]]<br /> *[[NSE co-location scam]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Commonwealth Games years}}<br /> {{Commonwealth Games Associations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br /> {{Sports at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}} <br /> {{Commonwealth of Nations topics}} <br /> {{Multi-sport events}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Concerns And Controversies Over The 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br /> [[Category:2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br /> [[Category:Cover-ups]]<br /> [[Category:Criminal investigation]]<br /> [[Category:Commonwealth Games controversies]]<br /> [[Category:Foreign relations of India]]<br /> [[Category:2010 in multi-sport events|Commonwealth Games]]<br /> [[Category:International sports competitions hosted by India|Commonwealth Games 2010]]<br /> [[Category:2010 controversies]]<br /> [[Category:2010s in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:2010 in Indian sport]]<br /> [[Category:Political corruption in India]]<br /> [[Category:Scandals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]<br /> [[Category:Corruption in Delhi]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Meeting_by_the_River&diff=483711 2026-04-29T06:48:17Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1993 studio album by Ry Cooder and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = A Meeting by the River<br /> | type = studio<br /> | artist = [[Ry Cooder]] and [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]]<br /> | cover = A Meeting by the River album cover.jpg<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = April 1993&lt;ref name=Essential&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsooY_e1w8kC&amp;pg=PA233|title=The Essential Rock Discography|page=223|first=Martin Charles|last=Strong|publisher=Canongate U.S.|year=2006|isbn=9781841958606|access-date=September 16, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | recorded = September 1992<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Blues]], [[World music|international]], [[New-age music|new-age]], [[pop rock]]&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt;<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=39|s=35}}<br /> | label = [[Water Lily Acoustics]]<br /> | producer = [[Kavichandran Alexander]], Jayant Shah<br /> | chronology = Ry Cooder<br /> | prev_title = [[Little Village (album)|Little Village]]<br /> | prev_year = 1992<br /> | next_title = [[Talking Timbuktu]]<br /> | next_year = 1994<br /> | misc = {{Extra chronology<br /> | artist = Vishwa Mohan Bhatt<br /> | type = studio<br /> | prev_title = Gathering Rain Clouds<br /> | prev_year = 1993<br /> | title = A Meeting by the River<br /> | year = 1993<br /> | next_title = [[Mumtaz Mahal (album)|Mumtaz Mahal]]<br /> | next_year = 1995<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> '''''A Meeting by the River''''' is an album recorded by [[Ry Cooder]] and [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]]; it was recorded in September 1992 and released in April 1993 through the record label [[Water Lily Acoustics]].&lt;ref name=Allmusic&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allmusic.com/album/a-meeting-by-the-river-r183309/review|title=A Meeting by the River|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|access-date=February 18, 2011|first=Daniel|last=Gioffre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219113123/http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-meeting-by-the-river-r183309/review|archive-date=December 19, 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; This improvised, collaborative album features Cooder on [[slide guitar]] and Bhatt on the ''[[Mohan veena]]'', a stringed instrument created by Bhatt. ''A Meeting by the River'' was [[Record producer|produced]] by [[Kavichandran Alexander]] and Jayant Shah, [[Audio engineering|engineered]] by Alexander, and [[Audio mastering|mastered]] by Kevin Michael Gray and Paul Stubblebine. It peaked at number four on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums chart, and earned Cooder and Bhatt [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Grammy Award for Best World Music Album|Best World Music Album]] at the [[36th Grammy Awards]] in 1994. The album is included in Tom Moon's 2008 book ''[[1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Composition ==<br /> [[File:Pt Vishwamohan Bhatt.jpg|thumb|[[Mohan veena]] performer [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]] in 2006]]<br /> <br /> ''A Meeting by the River'' was recorded in September 1992; it features Cooder solely on slide guitar and Bhatt on the ''Mohan veena'', a stringed instrument he created.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/02/04/stories/2005020402580300.htm|title=Meeting by the backwaters|date=February 4, 2005|access-date=September 15, 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119|first=Sanjay|last=Kumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211122106/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/02/04/stories/2005020402580300.htm|archive-date=February 11, 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Allmusic]]'s Daniel Gioffre described the instrument as a hybrid between a guitar and a ''[[vichitra veena]]'';&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt; it is played with a metal slide moving across steel rods along the neck.&lt;ref name=Margasak&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/07/22/ry-cooder-and-vm-bhatta-meeting-by/|title=Ry Cooder and V.M. Bhatt A Meeting by the River...|date=July 22, 1993|first=Peter|last=Margasak|access-date=September 16, 2011|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|issn=1085-6706|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007045720/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-07-22/features/9307220085_1_star-ry-cooder-tex-mex|archive-date=October 7, 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cooder had heard a recording of [[Hindustani classical music]] performed by Bhatt and was impressed by his playing and the &quot;haunting clarity&quot; of the ''Mohan veena''.&lt;ref name=Plasketes&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzsJUVS4ODIC&amp;pg=PA92|first=George|last=Plasketes|pages=92–93|title=B-sides, Undercurrents and Overtones: Peripheries to Popular in Music, 1960 to the Present|year=2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=9780754665618|access-date=September 16, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cooder and Bhatt met for the first time less than one hour before recording began; they improvised much of the set; the album's liner notes state, &quot;this recording was unplanned and unrehearsed&quot;.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt;&lt;ref name=Margasak/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pxTb3YtB-gC&amp;pg=PA284|title=The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock|series=[[Cambridge Companions to Music]]|page=284|first1=Simon|last1=Frith|first2=Will|last2=Straw|first3=John|last3=Street|access-date=September 16, 2011|year=2001|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9780521556606}}&lt;/ref&gt; The album was produced by Kavichandran Alexander, founder of [[Water Lily Acoustics]],&lt;ref name=Morris&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA55|title=Musical Hybrids Thrive at Water Lily|first=Chris|last=Morris|date=May 4, 1996|access-date=September 16, 2011|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|pages=55–56|volume=108|number=18|issn=0006-2510|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Jayant Shah. It was engineered by Alexander, and was mastered by Kevin Michael Gray and Paul Stubblebine. Cooder and Bhatt are accompanied by Cooder's then fourteen-year-old son Joachim on ''[[Goblet drum|dumbek]]'', a Middle Eastern drum, and by Sukhvinder Singh Namdhari on ''[[tabla]]''.&lt;ref name=Plasketes/&gt;&lt;ref name=Credits&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allmusic.com/album/a-meeting-by-the-river-r183309/credits|title=A Meeting by the River: Credits|publisher=Allmusic|access-date=September 15, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The collaboration between Cooder and Bhatt is Alexander's first attempt to record musicians of different cultures together, one of his goals when he founded the record label.&lt;ref name=Morris/&gt; Author George Plasketes described Bhatt's playing as &quot;highly nuanced&quot; and said, Cooder performs in a more &quot;loose-jointed, slip 'n' slide style&quot;.&lt;ref name=Plasketes/&gt; According to Gioffre, Cooder and Bhatt use improvisation and &quot;voice-like&quot; phrasing, showing melodic performances in an alternating fashion and in unison.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt; The album contains four tracks, three of which are credited to Cooder and Bhatt; tracks range in duration from approximately seven-and-a-half minutes to twelve minutes.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt; &quot;Longing&quot; has a structure similar to a ''[[raga]]''. Author Tom Moon said Cooder takes the lead on the hymn &quot;[[Isa Lei]]&quot; as Bhatt contributes &quot;elaborate squiggling asides&quot; and &quot;swooping nosedives&quot;.&lt;ref name=Moon&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMQF9tRD8zEC&amp;pg=PA86|page=86|title=1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List|first=Tom|last=Moon|access-date=September 16, 2011|year=2008|publisher=Workman Publishing|isbn=978-0-7611-3963-8|oclc=179803341}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, Bhatt performed &quot;A Meeting by the River&quot; at a music festival in honor of [[guru]] [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]]. Bhatt said of the song, &quot;Music has no religion and no geographical or linguistic barrier. It speaks a universal language. My composition – 'A Meeting by the River' – aims at explaining this.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article2444121.ece|title=Grammy award winner pays tributes to Guru Kelucharan|date=September 11, 2011|access-date=September 15, 2011|work=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu Group|location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103012238/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article2444121.ece|archive-date=November 3, 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhatt has said he considers working with Cooder his &quot;most special&quot; collaboration.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/12/spotlight-soulful-stirrings.html|title=Spotlight: Soulful stirrings|first=Shahzeb|last=Sheikh|date=December 12, 2010|access-date=September 16, 2011|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|publisher=[[Dawn Group of Newspapers]]|location=Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119184512/http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/12/spotlight-soulful-stirrings.html|archive-date=January 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> {{Music ratings<br /> | title =<br /> | subtitle =<br /> &lt;!-- Aggregate scores --&gt;<br /> | MC = <br /> &lt;!-- Reviewers --&gt;<br /> | rev1 = [[Allmusic]]<br /> | rev1Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt;<br /> | rev2 = ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''<br /> | rev2Score = {{Rating|4|4}}&lt;ref name=Margasak/&gt;<br /> | rev3 = ''[[Rolling Stone]]''<br /> | rev3Score = {{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref name=Guide&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9eocwUfoSoC&amp;pg=PA189|title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|pages=188–189|first1=Nathan|last1=Brackett|first2=Christian David|last2=Hoard|year=2004|publisher=[[Simon &amp; Schuster]]|isbn=9780743201698|access-date=September 16, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rev4 =<br /> | rev4Score =<br /> | rev5 =<br /> | rev5Score =<br /> | rev6 =<br /> | rev6Score =<br /> | rev7 =<br /> | rev7Score =<br /> | rev8 =<br /> | rev8Score =<br /> | rev9 =<br /> | rev9Score =<br /> | rev10 =<br /> | rev10Score =<br /> | rev11 =<br /> | rev11Score =<br /> | rev12 =<br /> | rev12Score =<br /> &lt;!-- Article needs reviews expanded into prose --&gt;<br /> | noprose = &lt;!--yes--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> Gioffre wrote a positive review of the album and called Cooder and Bhatt &quot;genuine masters&quot; of their respective instruments.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt; He described the musical interplay between the musicians as &quot;nothing short of astounding&quot; and the album as a rare instance in which a combination of genres works. Gioffre also wrote, &quot;this album is masterfully recorded; each instrument is clear, distinct, and three-dimensional sounding. ''A Meeting by the River'' is a must-own, a thing of pure, unadulterated beauty, and the strongest record in Cooder's extensive catalog.&quot;&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt; Peter Margasak of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' awarded the album four stars out of four, describing Cooder's performance as &quot;arresting&quot; and Bhatt's as &quot;haunting&quot;. Margasak wrote that the fusion revealed a &quot;rare, often transcendental beauty&quot; as the two artists &quot;gently and intuitively&quot; found common ground.&lt;ref name=Margasak/&gt; ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called the album &quot;fruitful&quot; and awarded it three stars out of five.&lt;ref name=Guide/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Chart performance and recognition==<br /> ''A Meeting by the River'' reached a peak position of number four on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allmusic.com/album/a-meeting-by-the-river-r183309/charts-awards|title=A Meeting by the River: Charts &amp; Awards|access-date=September 15, 2011|publisher=Allmusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318072351/http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-meeting-by-the-river-r183309/charts-awards|archive-date=March 18, 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[36th Grammy Awards|1994]], the album earned Cooder and Bhatt [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Grammy Award for Best World Music Album|Best World Music Album]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/03/arts/the-grammy-winners.html?pagewanted=2&amp;src=pm|page=2|title=The Grammy Winners|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 15, 2011|date=March 3, 1994|issn=0362-4331|oclc=1645522|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074702/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/03/arts/the-grammy-winners.html?pagewanted=2&amp;src=pm|archive-date=October 24, 2012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhatt became one of a few Indian musicians to have received a Grammy Award until [[A. R. Rahman]] won at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]] in 2010. Previous Indian award winners had been recognized jointly with Western artists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-02/india/28117723_1_world-music-category-grammys-planet-drum|title=Rahman's individual Grammy a first for India|date=February 2, 2010|access-date=September 15, 2011|first=Bhama Devi|last=Ravi|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|oclc=23379369|location=New Delhi, Delhi, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926145028/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-02/india/28117723_1_world-music-category-grammys-planet-drum|archive-date=September 26, 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The February 25, 1995, issue of ''Billboard'', which featured the annual &quot;Indies Spotlight&quot; and covered independent music between the January 29, 1994, and January 21, 1995, issues of the magazine included ''A Meeting by the River'' at number ten on its list of the &quot;Top Indie World Music Albums&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Charting the Best Indies: Top Indie World Music Albums|first=Geoff|last=Mayfield|volume=107|number=8|issn=0006-2510|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|magazine=Billboard|date=25 February 1995|page=126|access-date=September 16, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The album is included in Tom Moon's 2008 book ''[[1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moon&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Chart (1993)<br /> !Peak&lt;br /&gt;position<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |4<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Track listing==<br /> [[File:Ry Cooder playing.jpg|thumb|[[Ry Cooder]] in 2009]]<br /> <br /> All tracks by [[Ry Cooder]] and [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]] unless noted otherwise.<br /> <br /> # &quot;A Meeting by the River&quot;&amp;nbsp;– 10:03<br /> # &quot;Longing&quot;&amp;nbsp;– 11:56<br /> # &quot;Ganges Delta Blues&quot;&amp;nbsp;– 9:57<br /> # &quot;[[Isa Lei]]&quot; (Caten)&amp;nbsp;– 7:39<br /> <br /> Track listing adapted from Allmusic.&lt;ref name=Allmusic/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personnel==<br /> {{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Kavichandran Alexander]] – [[Audio engineering|engineer]], [[liner notes]], [[Record producer|producer]]<br /> * [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]] – [[Mohan veena]], performer, [[slide guitar]]<br /> * [[Joachim Cooder]] – [[Goblet drum|dumbek]]<br /> * [[Ry Cooder]] – bottleneck guitar, [[guitar]], performer<br /> * [[Tim de Paravicini]] – technical consultant<br /> * Kevin Michael Gray – [[Audio mastering|mastering]]<br /> * Sukhvinder Singh Namdhari – [[tabla]]<br /> * Rumi – liner notes, quotes<br /> * Mike Sexton – cover photo, photography<br /> * Jayant Shah – producer<br /> * Leslie Shirack – [[Art director|art direction]]<br /> * Gus Skinas – authoring<br /> * Paul Stubblebine – digital mastering<br /> * Susan Titelman – photography<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> Credits adapted from Allmusic.&lt;ref name=Credits/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Portal|India|Music}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204002323/http://www.jazz.com/music/2008/11/20/ry-cooder-v-m-bhatt-a-meeting-by-the-river Jazz.com review by Ted Gioia] (2008)<br /> * [http://www.stereophile.com/asweseeit/how_high_do_you_want_your_fi/index.html &quot;How high do you want your fi?&quot;], a 2009 ''[[Stereophile]]'' article featuring ''A Meeting by the River''<br /> <br /> {{Ry Cooder}}<br /> {{Good article}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Meeting By The River}}<br /> [[Category:1990s instrumental albums]]<br /> [[Category:1993 collaborative albums]]<br /> [[Category:Blues albums by American artists]]<br /> [[Category:Blues albums by Indian artists]]<br /> [[Category:Grammy Award for Best World Music Album]]<br /> [[Category:Hindustani classical music albums]]<br /> [[Category:New-age albums by American artists]]<br /> [[Category:New-age albums by Indian artists]]<br /> [[Category:Pop rock albums by American artists]]<br /> [[Category:Pop rock albums by Indian artists]]<br /> [[Category:Ry Cooder albums]]<br /> [[Category:Water Lily Acoustics albums]]<br /> [[Category:World music albums by American artists]]<br /> [[Category:World music albums by Indian artists]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paschimbanga_Natya_Akademi&diff=524670 2026-04-26T03:16:32Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating Details!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> |name = Paschimbanga Natya Akademi<br /> |bgcolor = <br /> |fgcolor = &lt;!-- header text color --&gt;<br /> |image = Natya Akademi logo.jpg<br /> |image_border = <br /> |image_size = &lt;!-- default 200 --&gt;<br /> |image_alt = &lt;!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] --&gt;<br /> |caption = logo<br /> |map = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> |map_size = &lt;!-- map size, optional, default 200px --&gt;<br /> |map_alt = &lt;!-- map alt text --&gt;<br /> |map_caption = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> |abbreviation = PBNA<br /> |formation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1987|09|26}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-first= Shib|editor1-last= Sharma|title= Eknajare Paschim Banga Natya Akademir 25 Bochhor |trans-title=25 Years of Paschim Banga Natya Akademi at a Glance |edition= 1st|year=2008 |publisher= Paschim Banga Natya Akademi |location= Kolkata |language= bn |page= 9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |extinction = &lt;!-- date of extinction, optional --&gt;<br /> |status = &lt;!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --&gt;<br /> |purpose = &lt;!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc --&gt;<br /> |headquarters = Natya Bhaban, [[Kolkata]]<br /> |location = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br /> |coordinates = &lt;!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --&gt;<br /> |region_served = [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]]<br /> |num_members = <br /> |language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]&lt;!-- official languages --&gt;<br /> |leader_title = President&lt;!-- position title for the leader of the org --&gt;<br /> |leader_name = <br /> |main_organ = &lt;!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --&gt;<br /> |parent_organisation = Department of Culture and Information Affairs, [[West Bengal Government]]<br /> |affiliations = &lt;!-- if any --&gt;<br /> |num_staff = <br /> |num_volunteers = <br /> |budget = <br /> |website = <br /> |remarks = <br /> }}<br /> '''Paschimbanga Natya Akademi''', is a [[learned society]] for [[drama]] and [[theatre]] in [[West Bengal]], India. Established on 26 September 1987, it is a wing of the [[Department of Information and Cultural Affairs]], [[Government of West Bengal]]. The aim of this society is to develop skill and expertise, to document and archive the history of [[Bengali theatre]], to disseminate information, to understand theories, as well as to promote and project significant creativity in the field.&lt;ref name=About&gt;{{cite web |url=http://theatrebangla.com/about.php |title=About Paschimbanga Natya Akademi |date=2007–2008 |publisher= PNA|access-date=29 August 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222110710/http://theatrebangla.com/about.php| archive-date= 22 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;I&amp;CA&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/art-and-culture | title=Art and Culture of West Bengal - Egiye Bangla | publisher=Department of Information &amp; Cultural Affairs (I&amp;CA), Government of West Bengal | date=10 July 2016 | access-date=8 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> The Natya Akademi conducts annual theatre festivals, seminars, public lectures, training workshops and publishes research works and books on Bengali drama. It confers [[Dinabandhu Puraskar]] and [[Girish Puraskar]], two of the most prestigious theatre awards in the state, for production playwriting, acting, direction, stagecraft and design, and music.{{fact|date=September 2019}}<br /> <br /> The Natya Akademi owns a number of theatre halls including [[Academy of Fine Arts, Calcutta|Academy of Fine Arts]] (Lady Ranu Mukherjee Mancha), [[Bijon Theatre]], [[Girish Mancha]], [[Jogesh Mime Akademi]], [[Madhusudan Mancha]], [[Mahajati Sadan]], [[Muktangan Rangalaya]], [[Rabindra Sadan]], [[Sisir Mancha]], [[Sujata Sadan]], [[Tapan Theatre]] and [[University of Calcutta|University Institute Hall]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://theatrebangla.com/house_show.php?page=1 |title=House Show, Paschimbanga Natya Akademi |date=2007–2008 |publisher= PNA|access-date=29 August 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331112942/http://theatrebangla.com/house_show.php?page=1| archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The Natya Akademi publishes ''[[Natya Akademi Patrika]]'', an annual journal featuring academic essays, lectures, obituaries, play scripts, archival reprints, reports etc. It has also produced classics including [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream|Chaitali Rater Swapno]]'' (directed by [[Utpal Dutt]]), [[Girish Chandra Ghosh]]'s ''Balidan'' (directed by Ashoke Mukhopadhyay) and [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s ''Chirakumar Sabha'' (directed by Bibhash Chakrabarty) etc.{{fact|date=September 2019}}<br /> ==List of presidents==<br /> {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-right:1em; font-size:85%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:20em; max-width:25%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;| Presidents<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |<br /> *Manmath Roy, 1987–88<br /> *Debnarayan Gupta, 1889-2000<br /> *Gnanesh Mukhopadhyay, 2000-2006<br /> *Kumar Roy, 2000-<br /> |}<br /> Presidents<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]]<br /> * [[Debshankar Haldar|Manoj Mitra]], the current president of Paschimbangya Natya Akademi<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Bengali theatre}}<br /> {{Bengali language topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Theatre in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural organisations based in India]]<br /> [[Category:State agencies of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:1987 establishments in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations established in 1987]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Man-Mauji&diff=515626 2026-04-25T04:47:07Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Man Mauji<br /> | image = Man-Mauji poster.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- see WP:ALT --&gt;<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Krishnan–Panju]]<br /> | producer = [[A.V. Meiyappan]]<br /> | story =[[K. V. Reddy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[D. V. Narasa Raju]]&lt;br /&gt;D. Madhusudhana Rao<br /> | writer = [[Rajendra Krishan]] (dialogues)<br /> | starring = [[Kishore Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]]<br /> | music = [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[S. Maruthi Rao]]<br /> | editing = [[S. Panjabi]]&lt;br /&gt;R. Vittal<br /> | studio = [[AVM Productions]]<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1962}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Man Mauji''''' ({{translation|Capricious minded}}) is a 1962 Indian Hindi-language film starring [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]] in lead roles and directed by [[Krishnan–Panju]]. It was Jayalalitha's first Hindi film, in which she played Lord Krishna in a 3-minutes dance sequence with [[Kumari Naaz|Naaz]], who played Radha in the same dance program. The film was a remake of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]''.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Kishore Kumar]] as Raja<br /> * [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]] as Rani<br /> * [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Jagga<br /> * [[Om Prakash]] as Rai Sahib Bholaram<br /> * [[Sulochana Chatterjee]] as Mrs. Bholaram<br /> * [[Durga Khote]] as Mohan's Mother<br /> * [[Leela Chitnis]] as Bhagwanti<br /> * [[Achala Sachdev]] as Kamla Bai<br /> * [[Mohan Choti]] as Seetaram<br /> * [[Mukri]] as Darbarilal<br /> * [[Anwar Hussain (actor)|Anwar Hussain]] as Advocate<br /> * [[Ashim Kumar]] as Dr. Mohan<br /> * [[Kumari Naaz|Naaz]] as Laxmi<br /> * [[Baby Farida]] as Advocate's Daughter<br /> * [[Master Shahid]] as Advocate's Son<br /> * [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]] as Schoolmaster<br /> * [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalitha]] as Lord Krishna<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> All the songs were composed by [[Madan Mohan]] and lyrics were penned by [[Rajinder Krishan]].<br /> <br /> The song '''&quot;Zaroorat Hai, Zaroorat Hai&quot;''' sung by [[Kishore Kumar]] was a super-hit number and is still sung with comic connotation.<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Zaroorat Hai, Zaroorat Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Kishore Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Bura Lagta Hai Lage&quot;<br /> | [[Kishore Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Ek Tha Abdul Rehman, Ek Thi Abdul Rehmaniya&quot;<br /> | [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aaya Hai Kahan Se Peeke&quot;<br /> | [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Chanda Ja Re Ja Re&quot;<br /> | [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Main To Tum Sang&quot;<br /> | [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Murge Ne Jhuth Bola&quot;-1<br /> | [[Kamal Barot]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Murge Ne Jhuth Bola&quot;-2 <br /> | [[Asha Bhosle]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0234195/fullcredits<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=0234195|title=Man-Mauji}}<br /> {{AVM Productions}}<br /> {{Krishnan–Panju}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1962 films]]<br /> [[Category:1962 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1962 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Madan Mohan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]<br /> [[Category:1962 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:AVM Productions films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lanusungkum_Jamir&diff=511887 2026-04-23T04:42:08Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started a details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1964)}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|03|01}}<br /> | name = Lanusungkum Jamir<br /> | honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Justice<br /> | office = [[Judge]] of [[Calcutta High Court]]<br /> | nominator = [[B. R. Gavai]]<br /> | appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> | term_start = 22 July 2025<br /> | term_end = 28 February 2026<br /> | office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Gauhati High Court]]<br /> | term_start1 = 10 June 2022<br /> | term_end1 = 21 July 2025<br /> | appointer1 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br /> | nominator1 = [[N. V. Ramana]]<br /> | status2 = Acting Chief Justice<br /> | term_start2 = 30 May 2025<br /> | term_end2 = 20 July 2025<br /> | appointer2 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Vijay Bishnoi]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Ashutosh Kumar]]<br /> | term_start3 = 9 November 2023<br /> | term_end3 = 4 February 2024<br /> | appointer3 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> | predecessor3 = [[Sandeep Mehta]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Vijay Bishnoi]]<br /> | office4 = [[Judge]] of [[Manipur High Court]]<br /> | term_start4 = 9 October 2018<br /> | term_end4 = 9 June 2022<br /> | nominator4 = [[Dipak Misra]]<br /> | appointer4 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br /> | office5 = [[Judge]] of [[Gauhati High Court]]<br /> | term_start5 = 22 May 2013<br /> | term_end5 = 8 October 2018<br /> | nominator5 = [[Altamas Kabir]]<br /> | appointer5 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br /> | birth_place = Impuh, Makokchung District, [[Nagaland]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[North Eastern Hill University]]<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] in History (Hons), [[L.L.B]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Lanusungkum Jamir''' (born 1 March 1964) is a retired Indian judge, who served as judge in the high courts of the [[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]], [[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar &amp; |date=2025-07-14 |title=Centre clears transfer of Justice Lanusungkum Jamir from Gauhati to Calcutta High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/centre-clears-transfer-of-justice-lanusungkum-jamir-from-gauhati-to-calcutta-high-court |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]. He also served as Acting Chief Justice twice in Gauhati High Court.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Justice Jamir was born on 1 March 1964. He did his LLB from the [[North-Eastern Hill University|North Eastern Hill University]] in 1988. He enrolled with the [[Bar Council of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim|Bar Council of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura]] in 1989. He was appointed as Additional Advocate General of Nagaland in March 2009 and continued as such till his elevation as Additional Judge of the [[Gauhati High Court]] on 22 May 2013.<br /> <br /> He was transferred as Additional Judge to Manipur High Court and took oath as 9 October 2018 where he was confirmed as permanent judge on 12 November 2018. He was retransferred to Gauhati High Court and took oath on 10 June 2022.<br /> <br /> He has served twice as Acting Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court consequent upon the elevation of the then Chief Justices [[Sandeep Mehta]] and [[Vijay Bishnoi]] to Supreme Court of India respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Udit |date=2023-11-10 |title=Centre Notifies Appointment Of Justice Lanusungkum Jamir As Gauhati High Court's Acting CJ |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/gauhati-high-court/gauhati-high-court-acting-chief-justice-appointment-justice-lanusungkum-jamir-242058 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Order of appointment of Shri Justice L. Jamir, Judge Gauhati HC as Acting CJ of Gauhati HC (29.05.2025) {{!}} Department of Justice {{!}} India |url=https://doj.gov.in/document/order-of-appointment-of-shri-justice-l-jamir-judge-gauhati-hc-as-acting-cj-of-gauhati-hc-29-05-2025/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was transferred to Calcutta High Court on 22 July 2025 and retired on 28 February 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=2025-05-28 |title=Three Gauhati HC Judges among 21 repatriated by Supreme Court |url=https://assamtribune.com/national/two-gauhati-hc-judges-among-21-repatriated-by-supreme-court-1578991 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1964 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Judges of the Calcutta High Court]]<br /> [[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Nagaland]]<br /> {{improve categories|date=June 2025}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangita_Kumari_(politician)&diff=532626 2026-04-16T07:18:15Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new new biography added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Sangita Kumari<br /> | office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 16 November 2020<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> | other_party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]<br /> | constituency = [[Mohania Assembly constituency|Mohania]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|01|1|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Sangita Kumari |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9713}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | predecessor = Niranjan Ram<br /> }}<br /> '''Sangita Kumari''' (born 1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. She is a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Mohania Assembly constituency]] in the [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]] district of [[Bihar]]. She won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] on [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] ticket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Kumari is from [[Mohania]], Kaimur district. She married Jayendra Kumar. She completed her post graduation in 2008 at [[Ranchi University]], Ranchi. She also did B.Ed in 2009 at [[Nilamber-Pitamber University|Nilamber Pitamber University]], Daltonganj.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sangita Kumari(RJD):Constituency- MOHANIA (SC)(KAIMUR (BHABUA)) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9713 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Kumari won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Mohania Assembly constituency]] representing [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]. She polled 61,235 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Niranjan Ram of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 12,054 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Mohania Bihar Election 2020 Final Results LIVE:RJD Candidate SANGITA KUMARI wins from Mohania, Bihar |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/mohania-bihar-election-2020-results-live-vote-counting-begins-at-8-am-stay-tuned-for-updates-1385880 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 28 February 2024, ahead of the general elections.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar: Congress MLAs Murari Prasad Gautam, Siddharth Saurav, And RJD MLA Sangita Kumari Join BJP&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=ABP News |date=27 February 2024 |title=Bihar: Congress MLAs Murari Prasad Gautam, Siddharth Saurav, And RJD MLA Sangita Kumari Join BJP |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/bihar-congress-mlas-murari-prasad-gautam-siddharth-saurav-and-rjd-mla-sangita-kumari-join-bjp-1667878 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228043440/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/bihar-congress-mlas-murari-prasad-gautam-siddharth-saurav-and-rjd-mla-sangita-kumari-join-bjp-1667878 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024 |work= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;బీహార్‌లో కాంగ్రెస్‌, ఆర్జేడీలకు షాక్.. బీజేపీలో చేరిన ముగ్గురు ఎమ్మెల్యేలు&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=NT News |date=27 February 2024 |title=బీహార్‌లో కాంగ్రెస్‌, ఆర్జేడీలకు షాక్.. బీజేపీలో చేరిన ముగ్గురు ఎమ్మెల్యేలు |url=https://www.ntnews.com/national/two-bihar-congress-mlas-1-rjd-legislator-join-bjp-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls-1490056 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228045501/https://www.ntnews.com/national/two-bihar-congress-mlas-1-rjd-legislator-join-bjp-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls-1490056 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024 |work= |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Sangita}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1981 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:Ranchi University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kaimur district]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]<br /> <br /> {{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peren_Assembly_constituency&diff=525192 2026-04-15T23:32:58Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating A Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Peren<br /> | map_image = Peren Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> | state = [[Nagaland]]<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | district = [[Peren district|Peren]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]<br /> | established = 1964<br /> | constituency_no = 7<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | mla = [[T.R. Zeliang]]<br /> |party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:32266}}&lt;ref name=election2023/&gt;{{update after|2028|5}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Peren Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |access-date=10 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> It is part of [[Peren district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1964]] || Longbe || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || T. Haralu || {{Full party name with color|United Front of Nagaland}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Kielu || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | L. Lungalang <br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga National Democratic Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || rowspan=2 | Bangdi Lheilung <br /> |- <br /> | [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | Neiba Ndang || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || [[Vatsu Meru]]|| {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=4}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=4 | [[T. R. Zeliang]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2023|2023]]|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}|67.36}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2018|2018]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|61.66}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2013|2013]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|54.00}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2008|2008]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|57.85}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2003|2003]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|42.11}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1993|1993]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.12}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|48.15}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1987|1987]]|{{party color|Naga National Democratic Party}}|27.53}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1982|1982]]|{{party color|Naga National Democratic Party}}|52.33}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}|47.85}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}|38.49}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|United Front of Nagaland}}|36.25}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|74.46}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=20 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. R. Zeliang]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=16,800 |percentage=67.36% |change=29.51%}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kingudi Joseph |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,885 |percentage=27.61% |change=-34.05% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kengim Kulimbe |party=Independent politician |votes=1,116 |percentage=4.47% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=140 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,915 |percentage=39.75% |change=15.94% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=24,941 |percentage=77.30% |change= -0.90% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,266 |change =10.62% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 5.70% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. R. Zeliang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=14,064 |percentage=61.66% |change=7.66% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iherie Ndang |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=8,632 |percentage=37.84% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=113 |percentage=0.50% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,432 |percentage=23.82% |change=13.37% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=22,809 |percentage=78.20% |change= -11.63% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,168 |change =3.83% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 7.66% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2013 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren&lt;ref name=election2013&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 12th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. R. Zeliang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=13,627 |percentage=54.00% |change=-3.84% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iherie Ndang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,991 |percentage=43.56% |change=0.71% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,636 |percentage=10.45% |change=-4.55% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=25,233 |percentage=89.83% |change= 2.98% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,091 |change =-5.66% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -3.84% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2008 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren&lt;ref name=election2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. R. Zeliang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=14,959 |percentage=57.85% |change=15.74% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vatsu Meru |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,080 |percentage=42.85% |change=7.22% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,879 |percentage=15.00% |change=8.52% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=25,859 |percentage=87.45% |change= -3.49% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,777 |change =43.92% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 15.74% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2003 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren&lt;ref name=election2003&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vatsu Meru |party=Naga People's Front |votes=7,869 |percentage=42.11% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Neiba Ndang]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,658|percentage=35.63%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kevipiele|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=3,003|percentage=16.07%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Idailung Thou|party=Nationalist Democratic Movement|votes=1,158|percentage=6.20%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,211 |percentage=6.48% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=18,688|percentage=90.33%|change=4.39%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,690 |change =8.19% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.01% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1998 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Neiba Ndang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,123 |change =20.59% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1993 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiba Ndang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,686 |percentage=42.12% |change=2.74% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bangdi Lheilung|party=Naga People's Front|votes=4,277|percentage=31.68%|change=-16.47%}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Iswang Chuilo|party=Independent politician|votes=3,538|percentage=26.21%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,409 |percentage=10.44% |change=1.66% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=13,501|percentage=85.94%|change=-3.81%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,858 |change =53.05% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -6.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangdi Lheilung |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,429 |percentage=48.15% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ata |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,622 |percentage=39.37% |change=19.24% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Patrick Rongma |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,148 |percentage=12.48% |change=0.64% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=807 |percentage=8.77% |change=1.37% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,199 |percentage=89.75% |change= -0.57% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,361 |change =0.06% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= 20.61% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangdi Lheilung |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,548 |percentage=27.53% |change=-24.80% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. C. Zeliang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,863 |percentage=20.13% |change=-12.53% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neiba |party=Independent politician |votes=1,246 |percentage=13.46% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Patrick Rongmei |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,096 |percentage=11.84% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arang |party=Independent politician |votes=772 |percentage=8.34% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sibeule |party=Independent politician |votes=729 |percentage=7.88% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuyiding |party=Independent politician |votes=588 |percentage=6.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ekwerangbe |party=Independent politician |votes=412 |percentage=4.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=685 |percentage=7.40% |change=-12.26% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,254 |percentage=90.32% |change= 15.85% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,355 |change =0.69% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= -24.80% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Lungalang |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,954 |percentage=52.33% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Longbe Neru |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,468 |percentage=32.66% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kielu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,134 |percentage=15.01% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,486 |percentage=19.67% |change=-0.97% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,556 |percentage=74.47% |change= -4.11% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,284 |change =7.33% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 4.47% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Lungalang |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=3,524 |percentage=47.85% |change=9.37% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imriet Dieing |party=Independent politician |votes=2,004 |percentage=27.21% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kielu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,836 |percentage=24.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,520 |percentage=20.64% |change=14.89% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,364 |percentage=78.58% |change= 5.21% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,582 |change =53.58% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 9.37% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1974 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kielu |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,712 |percentage=38.49% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Longbe |party=Independent politician |votes=1,456 |percentage=32.73% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vilavor |party=Independent politician |votes=759 |percentage=17.06% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kedipeung |party=Independent politician |votes=521 |percentage=11.71% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=256 |percentage=5.76% |change=-3.87% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=4,448 |percentage=73.38% |change= -5.66% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,239 |change =62.05% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Front of Nagaland |swing= 2.24% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1969 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Haralu |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=1,103 |percentage=36.25% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kielu |party=Independent politician |votes=810 |percentage=26.62% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ikwerangbe Meru |party=Independent politician |votes=567 |percentage=18.63% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ikiesing Thou |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=563 |percentage=18.50% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=293 |percentage=9.63% |change=-39.29% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=3,043 |percentage=79.04% |change= -3.21% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,850 |change =21.60% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Front of Nagaland |loser=Independent politician |swing= -38.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1964 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Peren}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Longbe |party=Independent politician |votes=1,624 |percentage=74.46% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Levi |party=Independent politician |votes=557 |percentage=25.54% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,067 |percentage=48.92% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=2,181 |percentage=82.25% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,166 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Peren district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|25.51|93.74|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Peren district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karimnagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=508573 2026-04-15T02:12:57Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new new pg v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Karimnagar<br /> | map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (26-Karimnagar highlighted).png<br /> | map_caption = Location of Karimnagar Assembly constituency within Telangana<br /> | mla = [[Gangula Kamalakar]]<br /> | party = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | state = [[Telangana]]<br /> | district = Karimnagar<br /> | electors = 1,99,331<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | constituency_no = 26<br /> | loksabha_cons= [[Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Karimnagar]] <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Karimnagar Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the three constituencies in [[Karimnagar district]]. It includes the city of [[Karimnagar]]. It is part of [[Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> [[Gangula Kamalakar]], the current Civil Supplies Minister of Telangana, emerged as the winner with a majority of 3,163 votes and is representing the constituency.<br /> <br /> ==Extent of the constituency==<br /> The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals:<br /> {{srn}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash&quot;<br /> !Mandal<br /> |-<br /> | [[Karimnagar|Karimnagar City]]<br /> |-<br /> | Karimnagar Rural<br /> |-<br /> | Kothapally<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> |-<br /> |1972<br /> |Juvvadi Chokka Rao<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |1978<br /> |Kondaiah Nalumachu<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1983<br /> |K Murtunjayam<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |1985<br /> |C Anand Rao<br /> |-<br /> |1989<br /> |Jagapthi Rao V<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1994<br /> |Juvvadi Chandra Sekhar Rao<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |1999<br /> |Devender Rao Katari<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> |Meneni Satyanarayana<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> | rowspan=1|[[Gangula Kamalakar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Gangula Kamalakar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> === Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Karimnagar (Assembly constituency)&lt;ref name=&quot;Telangana General Legislative Election 2023 - Statistical Report&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2023 - Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/telangana/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Gangula Kamalakar]]|votes=92,179|percentage=40.12|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=89,016|percentage=38.74|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Purumalla Srinivas|party=Indian National Congress|votes=40,057|percentage=17.43|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nallala Srinivas|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,546|percentage=0.67|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,269|percentage=0.55|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=3,163|percentage=1.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=2,29,774|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|winner=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|swing=}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2018]]: Karimnagar&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br /> |candidate=[[Gangula Kamalakar]]<br /> |votes=80,983<br /> |percentage=40.71<br /> |change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]|votes=66,009|percentage=33.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ponnam Prabhakar]]|votes=39,500|percentage=19.86|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=982|percentage=0.49|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=14,974|percentage=7.53|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,98,926|percentage=69.29|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Karimnagar&lt;ref name=election2014&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gangula Kamalakar]]|party= Telangana Rashtra Samithi |votes=77,209|percentage=40.92|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]|votes=52,455|percentage=27.80|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Chalimeda Laxmi Narasimha Rao|votes=51,339|percentage=27.21|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=750|percentage=0.40|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=24,754|percentage=13.12|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,88,673|percentage=58.49|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br /> |loser = Telugu Desam Party<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}<br /> {{coord|18.44|79.13|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Karimnagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:Karimnagar]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaakee_Circus&diff=507178 2026-04-12T15:16:57Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new a pg basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2026 Tamil-language web series}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Kaakee Circus.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = காக்கி சர்க்கஸ்<br /> | genre = {{hlist|Fantasy|Comedy|Thriller}}<br /> | creator = <br /> | director = Ameen Barif<br /> | writer = Akash Chandramohan &lt;br&gt; Ameen Barif<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Munishkanth]]<br /> * Subash Selvam<br /> * [[Rajesh Madhavan]]<br /> * [[Gauthami Nair]]<br /> * Vinsu Rache<br /> }}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 7<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = <br /> | cinematography = Neeraj Revi<br /> | editor = Arjune Babu<br /> | runtime = <br /> | company = [[ZEE5]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2026|04|10}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> }}<br /> '''''Kaakee Circus''''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] fantasy comedy-thriller web series written and directed by Ameen Barif.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khakee Circus unpredictable comedy thriller: Munishkanth |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/dt-next/20260330/282372636153776}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series stars [[Munishkanth]], Subash Selvam, and [[Rajesh Madhavan]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khakee Circus OTT Release Date: When and Where to Watch it Online? |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/news/khakee-circus-tamil-release-date-plot-cast-and-where-to-watch-zee5-series-11278345}}&lt;/ref&gt; The seven-episode series is set to premier on 10 April 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-03-29 |title=Munishkanth, Subash Selvam, and Rajesh Madhavan starrer 'Khakee Circus' set for its OTT premiere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/tamil/munishkanth-subash-selvam-and-rajesh-madhavan-starrer-khakee-circus-set-for-its-ott-premiere/articleshow/129878496.cms |access-date=2026-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=രാജേഷ് മാധവനും ടീമും; തമിഴ്, മലയാളം ഭാഷകളിലായി ZEE5 ഒറിജിനൽ സീരീസ് 'കാക്കി സർക്കസ്' റിലീസ് തീയതി |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/khaki-circus-malayalam-tamil-web-series-releasing-in-zee5-sooner-mm-768075.html |website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Set in a sub-jail in a fictional coastal town, the story follows a book-loving jailer and an enthusiastic young constable. Their routine is disrupted when a mysterious and eccentric thief attempts an impossible feat: breaking ''into'' the high-security jail. The thief's objective is to steal a temple donation box stored within the premises, leading to a chaotic series of events involving the local police force and the town's residents.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> * [[Munishkanth]]<br /> * Subash Selvam<br /> * [[Rajesh Madhavan]]<br /> * [[Gauthami Nair]]<br /> * Vinsu Rache<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The series was written and directed by Ameen Barif. During its early development stages, the project was titled ''Once Upon a Time in Kayamkulam'' before being officially renamed to ''Kaakee Circus''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-03 |title=Khakee Circus OTT Release Date Delivers Powerful Comic Chaos on ZEE5 |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/khakee-circus-ott-release-date-zee5/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{IMDb title|41100531}}<br /> * ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/kaakee-circus/0-6-4z5934280 Kaakee Circus]'' on [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:2026 web series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]<br /> [[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language comedy television series]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015%E2%80%9316_Bengaluru_FC_season&diff=482534 2026-04-06T00:49:48Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: New</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2015–2016 football season for Bengaluru Football Club}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox football club season<br /> | club = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]<br /> | season = 2015–16<br /> | manager = [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]]<br /> | chairman = [[Parth Jindal]]<br /> | stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> | league = [[I-League]]<br /> | league result = '''[[2015–16 I-League|1st]]'''<br /> | cup1 = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]<br /> | cup1 result = [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]<br /> | cup2 = [[AFC Cup]]<br /> | cup2 result = [[2016 AFC Cup knockout stage#East Zone|Round of 16]]{{efn-ua|name=fn1|Bengaluru advanced to the quarter-finals which were played during the [[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|2016–17 season]]}}<br /> | league topscorer = &lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Song-yong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri]]&lt;br /&gt;(5 each)<br /> | season topscorer = &lt;br /&gt;Sunil Chhetri (9)<br /> | highest attendance = {{nowrap|17,554 vs [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]}}&lt;br /&gt;(13 February 2016)&lt;!--NEED REFERENCE--&gt;<br /> | lowest attendance = {{nowrap|2,487 vs [[Lao Toyota F.C.|Lao Toyota]]}}&lt;br /&gt;(27 April 2016)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bengaluru FC 2–1 Lao Toyots |url=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10086&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary |website=[[Asian Football Confederation]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504111529/http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10086&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary|archive-date = 4 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | average attendance = &lt;!--DO WE HAVE THIS?--&gt;<br /> | pattern_la1= _redborder |pattern_b1= _redcollar |pattern_ra1= _redborder<br /> | pattern_sh1= _band_red<br /> | pattern_so1= _redsides<br /> | leftarm1= 0000FF |body1= 0000FF |rightarm1= 0000FF |shorts1= 0000FF |socks1= 0000FF<br /> | pattern_la2= _whiteborder |pattern_b2= _vneckwhite |pattern_ra2= _whiteborder | pattern_sh2= _redsides |pattern_so2 = _band_white<br /> | leftarm2= FF0000 |body2= FF0000 |rightarm2= FF0000 |shorts2=FFFFFF |socks2= FF0000<br /> | pattern_la3= _blueborder |pattern_b3= _bluecollar_2 |pattern_ra3= _blueborder | pattern_sh3= _bluesides |pattern_so3 = _bluetop<br /> | leftarm3= FFFFFF |body3= FFFFFF |rightarm3= FFFFFF |shorts3=FFFFFF |socks3= FFFFFF<br /> | prevseason = [[2014–15 Bengaluru FC season|2014–15]]<br /> | nextseason = [[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|2016–17]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 2015–16 season was the third in the history of [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru Football Club]]. It began on 1 June 2015 and concluded on 31 May 2016, with competitive matches occurring between January and May. The club ended their [[I-League]] campaign as champions for the second time, only winning by two points ahead of second placed [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]. In the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], Bengaluru were eliminated early in the first round, suffering defeat to [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]. In the [[AFC Cup]], Bengaluru managed to make it past the Round of 16, defeating [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]]. The victory had qualified the club for the quarter-finals which would take place the [[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|next season]].<br /> <br /> Prior to the start of the season, Bengaluru were very active making squad changes. Players who have been with the club since their first season such as [[Sean Rooney (footballer)|Sean Rooney]] and domestic players [[Darren Caldeira]], [[Malemngamba Meitei]], [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]], and [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] left after their contracts expired. Club captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] and midfielder [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]] had also left the club for [[Indian Super League]] clubs [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] and [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] respectively. Both would return on loan after the [[2015 Indian Super League|2015 ISL season]]. Forward [[Kim Song-yong]] was signed by head coach [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]] to replace Rooney. Midfielder [[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]] was signed a couple weeks after the start of the I-League season as an injury replacement to [[Josh Walker (footballer, born 1989)|Josh Walker]]. Indian youth internationals [[Amrinder Singh]] and [[Seiminlen Doungel]] were also brought in by Westwood, alongside young prospects [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]], [[Malsawmzuala]], and [[Nishu Kumar]] from the [[AIFF Elite Academy]].<br /> <br /> Due to the [[Indian Super League]], Bengaluru didn't start playing competitive matches until January. The team began their league campaign positively with five victories from their first seven matches putting them first in the table. A defeat by title contenders [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] in February saw Bengaluru slip to second. The club wouldn't return to first place until the final month of the campaign. Bengaluru had won five of their last seven matches, clinching the title with a 2–0 victory against [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] with one match left to play. After the I-League season, Bengaluru participated in the Federation Cup and were eliminated in the first round by Aizawl. The club also participated in the [[AFC Cup]], Asia's secondary international club competition. Bengaluru's Asian campaign began slowly with two defeats to open the group stage, but three victories in a row helped push the club to finish second in the table. In the Round of 16, the club took on [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] and won 3–2. The victory qualified Bengaluru for the quarter-finals, which would take place during Bengaluru's next season.<br /> <br /> Bengaluru's top goalscorer for the third season in a row was captain [[Sunil Chhetri]], who scored 9 goals from 20 matches. The club had four representatives win an individual award following the I-League season. Amrinder Singh was awarded as the best goalkeeper, [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] as best defender, [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] as best midfielder, and Ashley Westwood as best coach. This season would also be Westwood's last as head coach with him departing at the end of his contract.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{see also|2014–15 Bengaluru FC season}}<br /> <br /> Bengaluru had begun the previous season by winning the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FC15&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Federation Cup 2014-15: Bengaluru FC lift maiden title with 2-1 win over Dempo SC |url=https://www.india.com/sports/federation-cup-2014-15-bengaluru-fc-lift-maiden-title-with-2-1-win-over-dempo-sc-245472/ |access-date=3 July 2020 |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation#India.com|india.com]] |date=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club defeated [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] in the final on 11 January 2015 at the [[Fatorda Stadium]], their first ever domestic cup championship.&lt;ref name=&quot;FC15&quot;/&gt; The club entered their second [[I-League]] campaign as the defending champions, having won the [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]] title.&lt;ref name=&quot;FC15&quot;/&gt; After a slow start to the season – not earning a victory in the first three matches, two of them defeats – Bengaluru would go on to win 10 of their last 17 matches, not suffering a single defeat, and were favorites to win their second title in a row, something that has not been done before in I-League history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ajgoankar |first1=Ashlesh |title=BENGALURU FC ASSERT THEIR CLASS, RELEGATION BATTLE HOTS UP |url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2015/i-league-201415-bengaluru-fc-assert-their-class-relegation-battle-hots-up/ |access-date=3 July 2020 |publisher=The Hard Tackle |date=6 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club entered the last match day in second place, two points behind [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]. Coincidently, Bengaluru were to take on Mohun Bagan at home. Despite having the home advantage and taking the lead before halftime through [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]], Mohun Bagan defender [[Bello Razaq]] managed to score an 87th-minute equalizer and help his side to a 1–1 draw. The draw meant that Bengaluru finished as runners-up to Mohun Bagan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=I-League: Mohun Bagan ends 13-year drought, defeats Bengaluru FC |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/Undertheinfluence/i-league-mohun-bagan-ends-13-year-drought-defeats-bengaluru-fc/ |access-date=3 July 2020 |publisher=Economic Times India Times |date=1 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2015, Bengaluru played in the [[AFC Champions League]] qualifiers for the first time. The club were defeated in extra time 2–1 by Malaysian club [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC lose 2-1 to Johor Darul Ta'zim in play-off tie |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/afc-champions-league-bengaluru-fc-go-down-2-1-to-johor-darul-tazim |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=SportsKeeda |date=5 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The result meant that Bengaluru dropped down to the [[AFC Cup]], Asia's secondary club competition. In the AFC Cup, Bengaluru finished second in their group, winning every match besides the two against [[Persipura Jayapura]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC beaten 3-1 by Persipura Jayapura |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/AFC-Cup-Bengaluru-FC-beaten-3-1-by-Persipura-Jayapura/articleshow/47259588.cms |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club were drawn against [[South China AA|South China]] of Hong Kong in the Round of 16. Bengaluru were defeated 2–0 at the [[Mong Kok Stadium]] and thus knocked-out of the competition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bera |first1=Kaustav |title=South China 2-0 Bengaluru FC: The Blues go down in the AFC Cup Round of 16 |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/3629/afc-cup/2015/05/26/12113002/south-china-2-0-bengaluru-fc-the-blues-go-down-in-the-afc |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bengaluru players returned for pre-season on 27 July 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-season&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC kick off pre-season today |url=https://www.gcsstars.com/2015/07/bengaluru-fc-kick-off-pre-season-today.html |access-date=4 July 2020 |work=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] |publisher=GardenCity Soccer Stars |date=27 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; After just failing to retain the league title and being knocked-out in the AFC Cup, head coach [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]] stated in a press conference that Bengaluru were &quot;looking at players who can come in and affect an AFC Cup game&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-season&quot;/&gt; Westwood also commented on the upstart [[Indian Super League]] and the disruption to the I-League season stating &quot;We've had two years to prepare for the ISL. The elite players in the country are prepared to withstand a 40-50 game season.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-season&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> As soon as the previous season ended, it was announced that [[Sean Rooney (footballer)|Sean Rooney]] would be leaving the club to sign with [[Oakleigh Cannons FC|Oakleigh Cannons]] in Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rooney&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Sean Rooney parts ways with Bengaluru FC |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/06/01/12282552/sean-rooney-parts-ways-with-bengaluru-fc |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Goal.com |date=1 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also let go were goalkeeper [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]], midfielders [[Darren Caldeira]] and [[Malemngamba Meitei]], and forward [[Karan Sawhney]] after their contracts expired.&lt;ref name=&quot;BFC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bengaluru FC Released Players |url=https://www.facebook.com/bengalurufootballclub/posts/713353208766135 |website=Bengaluru FC (Facebook)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also released from the side were club captain [[Sunil Chhetri]], midfielder [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]], and forward [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]. All three would go on to join [[Indian Super League]] sides. It was later revealed by Bengaluru CEO [[Parth Jindal]] that the players were released as part of an agreement between the club and ISL that Chhetri, Thoi, and Robin would be loaned back to Bengaluru after the [[2015 Indian Super League|2015]] season.&lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jitendran |first1=Nikhil |title=Jindal: Will Chhetri stay with Bengaluru if we do not offer ISL? |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2015/06/02/12314682/jindal-on-bengaluru-fcs-isl-decision |access-date=4 July 2020 |work=Goal.com |date=2 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bengaluru made their first signings of the season on 3 June 2015, bringing in North Korean forward [[Kim Song-yong]] from [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]] and midfielder [[Seiminlen Doungel]] from [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]].&lt;ref name=&quot;KSY&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC sign strikers Kim Seng-Yong, Seiminlen Dounge |url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/bengaluru-fc-sign-strikers-kim-seng-yong-seiminlen-dounge_1607011.html |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Zee News |date=3 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was then announced two days later on 5 June that the club had extended the contracts of 10 players: [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]], [[Josh Walker (footballer, born 1989)|Josh Walker]], [[Shankar Sampingiraj]], [[Rino Anto]], [[Lalchhuanmawia]], [[Udanta Singh]], [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]], [[C. K. Vineeth]], [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]], and [[Siam Hanghal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=I-League: Bengaluru FC retain key players |url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/i-league-bengaluru-fc-retain-key-players_1607502.html |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Zee News |date=5 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2015, Bengaluru brought in [[India national football team|India international]] midfielder [[Alwyn George]] from [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Alwyn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhalla |first1=Abhimanyu |title=Alwyn George signs with Bengaluru FC |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/29/13983262/alwyn-george-signs-with-bengaluru-fc |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Goal.com |date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2015, Bengaluru signed Indian youth international defender [[Salam Ranjan Singh]] on loan from [[Pune F.C.|Pune]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SRS&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jitendran |first1=Nikhil |title=Bengaluru FC snatch Salam Ranjan Singh away from Pune FC |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/10/24/16627292/i-league-bengaluru-fc-snatch-salam-ranjan-singh-away-from |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Goal.com |date=24 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next month, the club completed the triple signing of youth internationals [[Nishu Kumar]], [[Malsawmzuala]], and [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] from the [[AIFF Elite Academy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;youngsters&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=221|title=BFC add to squad, sign three promising youngsters|date=17 November 2015|publisher=[[Bengaluru FC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118063658/http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=221|archive-date=18 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru then completed their signings in December 2015, bringing in goalkeeper [[Amrinder Singh]] on loan from [[Pune F.C.|Pune]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Amrinder&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC sign Amrinder for rest of the season |url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2015/team-news/bengaluru-fc-sign-amrinder-for-rest-of-the-season/ |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=[[Bengaluru FC]] |date=25 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prior to the start of the season, Westwood stated that the club &quot;managed to work fairly consistently over the last four weeks. Got some new boys in and it’s always nice to have new faces to push the ones that are here who are getting a little comfortable. We’re stronger...&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;PS&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Michael |title=Bengaluru FC are stronger and more balanced this season: coach Westwood |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-fc-stronger-balanced-season-coach-westwood/ |access-date=4 July 2020 |publisher=Mangalorean |date=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Transfers===<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> <br /> '''In'''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; text-align:left&quot;<br /> !No.<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Position<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Player<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Signed from<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Date<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|PRK}} [[Kim Song-yong]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]<br /> | 3 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;KSY&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Seiminlen Doungel]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> | 3 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;KSY&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alwyn George]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br /> | 29 July 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Alwyn&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 22<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Kumar]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[AIFF Elite Academy]]<br /> | 17 November 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;youngsters&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malsawmzuala]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[AIFF Elite Academy]]<br /> | 17 November 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;youngsters&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 25<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[AIFF Elite Academy]]<br /> | 17 November 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;youngsters&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]]<br /> | 21 January 2016<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Collins&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-replace-injured-walker-with-michael-collins/|title=Bengaluru FC replace Injured Walker with Michael Collins|date=21 January 2016|work=Bengaluru FC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207124518/http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-replace-injured-walker-with-michael-collins/|archive-date=7 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 27<br /> | {{sort|?|GK}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nikhil Bernard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]<br /> | 2 February 2016<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Bernard&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/bfc-signs-up-nikhil-bernard/article8185651.ece|title=BFC signs up Nikhil Bernard|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203180215/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/bfc-signs-up-nikhil-bernard/article8185651.ece|archive-date=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{col-2}}<br /> <br /> '''Out'''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; text-align:left&quot;<br /> !No.<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Position<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Player<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Signed to<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Date<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sean Rooney (footballer)|Sean Rooney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Oakleigh Cannons FC|Oakleigh Cannons]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Rooney&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | {{sort|?|GK}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;BFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 25<br /> | {{sort|?|GK}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Soram Anganba]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/638602642696998912|title=Former Blues 'keeper Soram Poirei has signed for I-League side @AizawlFC . We wish him the best and thank him for his time at BFC.|publisher=[[Twitter]]|work=[[Bengaluru FC]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308215003/https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/638602642696998912|archive-date=8 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurtej Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Fateh Hyderabad A.F.C.|Fateh Hyderabad]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://outsideoftheboot.com/2016/01/07/bengaluru-fc-season-preview-ashley-westwoods-men-look-battle-ready/|title=Bengaluru FC Season Preview: Ashley Westwood's men look battle ready|date=7 January 2016|first=Arnab|last=Ray|work=Outside of the boot|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127095417/http://outsideoftheboot.com/2016/01/07/bengaluru-fc-season-preview-ashley-westwoods-men-look-battle-ready/|archive-date=27 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Darren Caldeira]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;BFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malemngamba Meitei]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;BFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shilton D'Silva]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;released players&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Kaustav|last=Bera|title=I-League watch : Promising Youngster Aiban Dohling on trial at Bengaluru FC|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/07/30/13999172/i-league-watch-promising-youngster-aiban-dohling-on-trial-at|work=Goal.com|access-date=30 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802005936/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/07/30/13999172/i-league-watch-promising-youngster-aiban-dohling-on-trial-at|archive-date=2 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Sawhney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;BFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Delhi Dynamos]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]<br /> | 1 June 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> <br /> '''Loans in'''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; text-align:left&quot;<br /> !No.<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Position<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Player<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Loaned from<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Date<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br /> | 24 October 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SRS&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;ChhetriMC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | {{sort|?|GK}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br /> | 25 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Amrinder&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Loans out'''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; text-align:left&quot;<br /> !No.<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Position<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Player<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Team<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Start Date<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|End Date<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 13<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[ATK (football club)|Atlético de Kolkata]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/245324-indian-super-league-auction-bengaluru-fc-boys-sell-big|title=Indian Super League Auction: Bengaluru FC Boys Sell Big|date=10 July 2015|work=[[NDTV]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712213733/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/245324-indian-super-league-auction-bengaluru-fc-boys-sell-big|archive-date=12 July 2015|access-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 14<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{sort|?|FW}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shankar Sampingiraj]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{sort|?|MF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{sort|?|DF}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuanmawia]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{sort|?|GK}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> |{{sort|?|MF}}<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C. K. Vineeth]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br /> | 3 October 2015<br /> | 20 December 2015<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;isl loan&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Pre-season==<br /> To prepare for the upcoming season, Bengaluru played two friendlies in August against the [[India national under-20 football team|India under-19]] side. In their first match on 8 August 2015, Bengaluru won 5–2 with [[Sunil Chhetri]] opening the scoring the 5th minute. The India under-19 side then scored two goals before halftime and went into the break with the 2–1 lead. In the second half, Bengaluru came back and scored four goals through [[Alwyn George]], [[N.S. Manju]], [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]], and [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BFC down India U-19 in friendly |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/494212/bfc8200down-india-u-19-friendly.html |access-date=12 July 2020 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=9 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru's second match against the under-19 side was on 12 August. Bengaluru once again went into halftime down, losing 1–0 at the break, but managed to score five in the second half to win 5–2 again.&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bengaluru FC beat India U-19's 5-2 in a friendly |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bengaluru-fc-beat-india-u-19s-5-2-friendly |access-date=12 July 2020 |work=SportsKeeda |date=12 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the two friendly matches, Bengaluru also participated in the [[2015–16 Bangalore Super Division]] to prepare for the [[I-League]] season.&lt;ref name=&quot;BSD&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Fixture - BDFA Super Division League 2015-16 |url=https://www.gcsstars.com/2015/12/fixture-bdfa-super-division-league-2015.html |access-date=12 July 2020 |work=GCS Stars |date=22 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; One of the matches included an 11–0 victory over Income Tax on 27 December 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;BSD&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{football box collapsible<br /> |date = {{Start date|2015|8|8|df=y}}<br /> |time = 10:30<br /> |round = Friendly<br /> |team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]<br /> |score = 5–2<br /> |report = [https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bengaluru-fc-win-friendly-against-india-under-19 Report]<br /> |team2 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U19]]<br /> |goals1 = [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|5}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Alwyn George|George]] {{goal|56}}&lt;br/&gt;[[N.S. Manju|Manju]] {{goal|66}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|82}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Robin Singh (footballer)|R. Singh]] {{goal|89}}<br /> |goals2 = [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|6}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Bidyananda Singh|B. Singh]] {{goal|21}}<br /> |stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]<br /> |location = [[Bangalore]]<br /> |attendance = <br /> |referee = <br /> |result = W<br /> }}<br /> {{football box collapsible<br /> |date = {{Start date|2015|8|12|df=y}}<br /> |time = 19:30<br /> |round = Friendly<br /> |team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]<br /> |score = 5–2<br /> |report = [https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bengaluru-fc-beat-india-u-19s-5-2-friendly Report]<br /> |team2 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U19]]<br /> |goals1 = [[Seiminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|55}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-yong|Song-yong]] {{goal|56}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|66}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Alwyn George|George]] {{goal|80}}&lt;br/&gt;[[C. K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|90}}<br /> |goals2 = [[Vinit Rai|Rai]] {{goal|37}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|73}}<br /> |stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]<br /> |location = [[Bangalore]]<br /> |attendance = <br /> |referee = <br /> |result = W<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Competitions==<br /> <br /> ===Overall===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:850px;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:200px;&quot; | Competition<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100px;&quot; | Started round<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100px;&quot; | Final &lt;br/&gt; position<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:170px;&quot; | First match<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:170px;&quot; | Last match<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[2015–16 I-League|I-League]]<br /> | —<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFD700;&quot;|Winners<br /> | 9 January 2016<br /> | 23 April 2016<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[2016 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]<br /> | Group stage<br /> | ''Round of 16''<br /> | 24 February 2016<br /> | 25 May 2016<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]<br /> | Quarter-finals<br /> | Quarter-finals<br /> | 30 April 2016<br /> | 3 May 2016<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Last Updated: 25 May 2016&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Source : [[#Competitions|Competitions]]<br /> &lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Overview===<br /> {{Fb overview<br /> |c=3<br /> |c1=[[2015–16 I-League|I-League]] |w1=10 |d1=2 | l1=4 | f1=24 |a1=17<br /> |c2=[[2016 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] |w2=4 | d2=0 | l2=3 | f2=12 | a2=12<br /> |c3=[[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]] |w3=0 | d3=0 | l3=2 | f3=3 | a3=5<br /> |u=25 May 2016<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===I-League===<br /> {{main|2015–16 I-League}}<br /> <br /> ====Summary====<br /> <br /> =====January=====<br /> [[File:I-League Salgocar FC vs Bengaluru FC 9 January 2016.jpg|thumb|Salgaocar vs Bengaluru FC]]<br /> Bengaluru kicked off their season with an away game against [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] on 9 January 2016. Bengaluru took an early lead when [[C.K. Vineeth]] put a pass from [[Kim Song-Yong]] in the net. However, just before the half time, [[Jackichand Singh]] was brought down by [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] in the penalty area and Salgaocar were awarded the penalty. [[Darryl Duffy]] converted the penalty and equalized for Salgaocar. In the second half, [[Sunil Chhetri]] converted the free-kick into the goal in 61st minute and Bengaluru FC won the game 2–1, registering their sixth consecutive win against Salgaocar in all competitions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/salgaocar-vs-bengaluru/2176874/report|title=I-League: Salgaocar FC 1-2 Bengaluru FC: Chhetri ensures Steelmen begin on a winning note|first=Sumedh|last=Bilgi|work=Goal.com|date=9 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110174533/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/salgaocar-vs-bengaluru/2176874/report|archive-date=10 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru played the next game against [[I-League]] debutant [[Aizawl F.C.]] [[Curtis Osano]]'s header from [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]'s free-kick in 27th minute was enough for Bengaluru to secure three points.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2176878/report|title=I-League: Aizawl FC 0-1 Bengaluru FC: Osano's first half header helps register three points for the away side|date=16 January 2016|work=Goal.com|first=Shikharr|last=Chandra|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310005000/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2176878/report|archive-date=10 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first home game of the season, Bengaluru played [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]. [[C.K. Vineeth]] registered the fastest goal of the season (38 seconds) for Bengaluru. Bengaluru doubled the lead when [[Kim Song-Yong]] scored his first goal for the team in 35th minute. Kim scored the brace in the 60th minute and Bengaluru reached the top of the table with the 3–0 and the third consecutive win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-shillong-lajong/2176884/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 3-0 Shillong Lajong: Home side ride on Kim's brace|date=24 January 2016|last=Srivastava|first=Sahil|work=Goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126185819/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-shillong-lajong/2176884/report|archive-date=26 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the next away game against [[Mumbai F.C.]], Bengaluru quickly conceded the lead as [[Arata Izumi]] and [[Son Min-chol]] scored a goal each within 11 minutes. In spite of fair possession and counter-attack, Bengaluru couldn't convert their chances and faced the first loss of the season. The loss also ended Bengaluru FC's unbeaten streak of 16 games in the league dating back to [[2014–15 Bengaluru FC season|previous season]]'s game against [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] on 28 February 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mumbai-vs-bengaluru/2176888/report|title=I-League: Mumbai FC 2-0 Bengaluru FC - Khalid Jamil's side continue their unbeaten run|first=Brendon|last=Netto|date=27 January 2016|work=Goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131085716/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mumbai-vs-bengaluru/2176888/report|archive-date=31 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the month's last game, Bengaluru FC faced [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] and registered their first every away victory against the Kolkata side with a solitary goal by the captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] in the 60th minute and finished the month at the top of the table.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/east-bengal-vs-bengaluru/2176890/report|title=I-League: East Bengal 0-1 Bengaluru FC: Historic win for Westwood's side|first=Kaustav|last=Bera|date=30 January 2016|work=Goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202200209/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/east-bengal-vs-bengaluru/2176890/report|archive-date=2 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =====February=====<br /> [[File:Bengaluru FC banner against Mohun Bagan 13 February 2016.jpg|thumb|left|Banner at the [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]] before Bengaluru FC took on Mohun Bagan|upright=1.1]]<br /> Bengaluru FC flagged February off with a home game against [[Sporting Clube de Goa]]. After missing an early chance, Bengaluru lost the lead when [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] scored in the 9th minute. Bengaluru's attack were unable to convert chances against 10-men Sporting until [[C.K. Vineeth]] found the back of the net in 64th minute. However, the home team's joy was short lived as Odafa completed his brace in 74th minute and Bengaluru faced first loss at home in the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-sporting-goa/2176898/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 1-2 Sporting Clube de Goa: Odafa brace stuns Blues|date=6 February 2016|work=goal.com|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208042343/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-sporting-goa/2176898/report|archive-date=8 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the next home game Bengaluru FC faced I-League debutant [[DSK Shivajians F.C.]] Bengaluru were leading 2–0 with a goal each from [[Sunil Chhetri]] and [[Kim Song-Yong]], but due to a defensive error from Bengaluru FC, DSK Shivajians pulled one back by a goal from ex-Bengaluru player [[Sampath Kuttymani]], just before the half time. Bengaluru FC finished the game 4–1 with two more goals in the second half from substitutes [[Shankar Sampingiraj]] and [[Seminlen Doungel]], and reclaimed the top spot.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-dsk-shivajians/2176902/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 4-1 DSK Shivajians: League leaders continue their impressive run|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|date=10 February 2016|work=goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504025056/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-dsk-shivajians/2176902/report|archive-date=4 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the next game against the defending champion, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]], after the goalless first half, [[Lalchhuanmawia]] was sent off by the referee. [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] finally broke the deadlock in 73rd minute from [[Cornell Glenn]]'s pass. Mohun Bagan doubled the lead by [[Sony Norde]]'s goal and Bengaluru FC faced second defeat at home and third defeat of the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2176905/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 0-2 Mohun Bagan: Jeje and Norde strikes sink Ashley Westwood's side|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|date=13 February 2016|work=goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504025106/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2176905/report|archive-date=4 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; After facing a string of defeats, Bengaluru FC got back to winning ways against [[Aizawl F.C.]], when C.K. Vineeth's second half goal was enough to secure 3 points.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2177573/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 1-0 Aizawl FC: Vineeth strike seals win for the Blues|first1=Swapnaneel|last1=Parasar|first2=R|last2=Jeevan|date=28 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229095921/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2177573/report|archive-date=29 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =====March=====<br /> Bengaluru played the solo game I-League game in March against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.]] on 2 March 2016. Man of the match [[Udanta Singh]] scored his first ever goal in the [[I-League]] and gave Bengaluru FC the lead in the 36th minute. Bengaluru then maintained the lead with solid defending and sealed the game in 82nd minute when [[Kim Song-Yong]]'s header doubled the lead from the corner kick of Udanta Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shillong-lajong-vs-bengaluru/2177577/report|title=I-League: Shillong Lajong 0-2 Bengaluru FC: Blues close the gap at the top by a point|first1=Swapnaneel|last1=Parasar|first2=Nabarun|last2=Goswami|work=goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041332/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shillong-lajong-vs-bengaluru/2177577/report|archive-date=6 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =====April=====<br /> <br /> Bengaluru played the first game of April against [[Mumbai F.C.]] Bengaluru's attack did not yield any results in the first half and remained goalless. Bengaluru continued the attack in the second half. After series of missed chances and almost a penalty, the substitute [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] broke the deadlock in 81st minute and Bengaluru FC registered their first ever win against the Mumbai team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mumbai/2177587/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 1-0 Mumbai FC – Daniel wins three crucial points for Bangalore|author=Jeevan|date=2 April 2016|work=goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404171004/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mumbai/2177587/report|archive-date=4 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Playing the next game against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.]], Bengaluru FC had a chance to move to the top of the table with a win. Returning from his injury [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]], gave the lead to the visitors in 34th minute from Sunil Chhetri's free kick, but 3 minutes later, [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]] equalized and the score remained unchanged till the end of the game and Bengaluru FC remained in second position behind Mohun Bagan based on head-to-head record, with an extra game in the hand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shivajians-vs-bengaluru/2177593/report|title=I-League: DSK Shivajians 1-1 Bengaluru FC: Blues miss chance to leapfrog Mohun Bagan|date=6 April 2016|work=goal.com|first=Nikhil|last=Jitendran|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409045030/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shivajians-vs-bengaluru/2177593/report|archive-date=9 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru FC next faced [[East Bengal F.C.]] in a potentially title deciding match on 10 April 2016. After starting aggressively, Bengaluru FC made a mistake in the midfield and [[Do Dong-hyun]] gave the lead to East Bengal in 27th minute. However, the lead was short lived as [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] brought Bengaluru FC on par in the next minute. Bengaluru continued the attack in the second half and they were rewarded with two more goals by [[Kim Song-Yong]] and [[Malsawmzuala]]. With the win, Bengaluru FC moved to the top of the table for the first time since February, and 2 points ahead of Mohun Bagan and 5 points ahead of East Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-east-bengal/2177597|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 3-1 East Bengal: Blues appear title favourites as they tame the Kolkata side at home|first1=Swapnaneel|last1=Parasar|first2=R|last2=Jeevan|work=goal.com|date=10 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331135526/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-east-bengal/2177597|archive-date=31 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; With just 3 points required to seal the second title in three years, Bengaluru FC next faced [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] on 18 April 2016. Eugeneson Lyngdoh struck early in 8th minute to give the early lead to the blues. [[Seminlen Doungel]] sealed the game in 87th minute when taped [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s pass in the net and Bengaluru FC registered seventh straight win against the Goan club and also won [[2015–16 I-League]] title with one round to go.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-salgaocar/2177601/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 2-0 Salgaocar FC: Cakewalk for the Blues as they lift second title in three years|date=17 April 2016|work=goal.com|first1=R.|last1=Jeevan|first2=Swapnaneel|last2=Parasar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421082422/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-salgaocar/2177601/report|archive-date=21 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reacting to the title win, the manager Ashley Westwood said:<br /> <br /> {{cquote|This victory feels a lot better. In the first one, people said it was a fluke given it was our first year. We should have won the second year also as we were the best side by a mile. We went 13 games undefeated. and lost with three or four minutes to go. I wanted that to never happen again. We have won it at home, in front of our own fans and a game to spare. All along the season I said 32 points will win it, two points a game and that has been proven right. We haven't had the best squad and not the best individual talents. Individuals win you games and not the league. That's what has happened. You saw a really well oiled side, all players and staff pulling in the right direction wanting to force the ball over the line.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/04/18/22511082/i-league-ashley-westwood-bengaluru-fc-got-the-accolades-we|title=I-League - Ashley Westwood: Bengaluru FC got the accolades we deserved|date=17 April 2016|first1=Nikhil|last1=Jitendran|author2=Jeevan|work=Goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530142830/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/04/18/22511082/i-league-ashley-westwood-bengaluru-fc-got-the-accolades-we|archive-date=30 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Having secured the title, Bengaluru FC played the last game of the season against the defending champions [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]. Ashley Westwood fielded the reserve side and Bengaluru FC faced massive 5–0 defeat in the inconsequential game.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/2177602/report|title=I-League: Mohun Bagan 5-0 Bengaluru FC - Cornell Glen's brace sinks the Blues|date=23 April 2016|work=goal.com|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426163129/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/2177602/report|archive-date=26 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Matches====<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Salgaocar v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 1<br /> |date=9 January 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br /> |score=1–2<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/clinical-bengaluru-fc-overpower-salgaocar-fc-at-tilak-maidan/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|41|pen.}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Gurjinder Kumar|G. Kumar]] {{yel|60}}<br /> |goals2= [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|5}}&lt;br/&gt;[[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|32}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|40}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|61}}<br /> |location=[[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]<br /> |stadium=[[Tilak Maidan Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=6,582&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ILeagueOfficial/status/685841056877953025|title=#HeroILeague #SFCvsBFC Attendance for today's match is 6,582 at the Tilak Maidan #SFC 1-2 #BFC|work=[[I-League]]|publisher=[[Twitter]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305132949/https://twitter.com/ILeagueOfficial/status/685841056877953025|archive-date=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Aizawl v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 2<br /> |date=16 January 2016<br /> |time= 13:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]<br /> |score=0–1<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/osanos-header-proved-enough-for-bengaluru-fc-against-aizawl-fc/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Lalramchullova]] {{yel|25}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Lalchawnkima]] {{yel|67}}<br /> |goals2= [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|7}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Curtis Osano|Osano]] {{goal|27}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|T. Singh]] {{yel|59}}<br /> |location=[[Aizawl]]<br /> |stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=Ajit Meetei<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Shillong Lajong&quot;<br /> |round = Match 3<br /> |date=24 January 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=3–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-fc-amass-three-points-with-sheer-supremacy-over-lajong/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |goals1=[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|1}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal|35||60}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Alwyn George|Alwyn]] {{yel|48}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Curtis Osano|Osano]] {{yel|75}}<br /> |goals2= [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Khongjee]] {{yel|40}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Uilliams Bomfim Souza|Uilliams]] {{yel|61}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=11,284<br /> |referee=Umesh Bora<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Kim Song-Yong]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Mumbai v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 4<br /> |date=27 January 2016<br /> |time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> |score=2–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/mumbai-fc-outsmart-bengaluru-fc-at-cooperage/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Arata Izumi|Izumi]] {{goal|5}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Son Min-chol|Min-chol]] {{goal|11}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Srikanth Ramu|Ramu]] {{yel|53}}<br /> |goals2= [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{yel|46}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|T. Singh]] {{yel|57}}<br /> |location=[[Mumbai]]<br /> |stadium=[[Cooperage Ground]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=R. Venkatesh<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = [[Son Min-chol]] (Mumbai)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;East Bengal v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 5<br /> |date=30 January 2016<br /> |time= 16:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /> |score=0–1<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-fc-register-their-first-win-in-kolkata/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Rehenesh TP|Rehnesh]] {{yel|6}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Samad Ali Mallick|Mallick]] {{yel|8}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Ranti Martins|Ranti]] {{yel|62}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Bikash Jairu|Jairu]] {{yel|75}}<br /> |goals2=[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|26}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|60}} &lt;br/&gt;[[Lalchhuanmawia]] {{yel|83}}<br /> |location=[[Kolkata]]<br /> |stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santhosh Kumar]]<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Amrinder Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Sporting Goa&quot;<br /> |round = Match 6<br /> |date=6 February 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=1–2<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/odafa-sinks-bengaluru-fc-at-kanteerava/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |goals1=[[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|28}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Rino Anto|Anto]] {{yel|69}}&lt;br/&gt;[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|69}}<br /> |goals2= [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|9||73}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Dharmaraj Ravanan|Ravanan]] {{sent off|2|14|21}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Denson Devadas|Devadas]] {{yel|59}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Joseph Clemente|Clemente]] {{yel|86}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=11,768&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/695987353358209024|title=71' The attendance for today's game is a whopping 11,768. Get in there, Bengaluru!|publisher=Twitter|date=6 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115958/https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/695987353358209024|archive-date=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |referee=R. Venkatesh<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] (Sporting Goa)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v DSK Shivajians&quot;<br /> |round = Match 7<br /> |date=9 February 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=4–1<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-fc-showcase-a-pristine-game-to-snatch-the-pole/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]<br /> |goals1=[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|13}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal|32}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar Sampingiraj|Sampingiraj]] {{goal|52}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|79}}<br /> |goals2= Adnaik {{yel|10}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Justin Stephen|Stephen]] {{yel|17}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sampath Kuttymani|Kuttymani]] {{goal|45}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Subrata Pal|Pal]] {{yel|48}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=6,821&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/WestBlockBlues/status/697437178209566720|title=6821 people in the house today! Midweek fixture. #BFCvDSK|publisher=Twitter|date=10 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115958/https://twitter.com/WestBlockBlues/status/697437178209566720|archive-date=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |referee=Priyobarta Singh<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Shankar Sampingiraj]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Mohun Bagan&quot;<br /> |round = Match 8<br /> |date=13 February 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=0–2<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/mohun-bagan-thump-their-maiden-win-at-kanteerava/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> |goals1=[[Curtis Osano|Osano]] {{yel|26}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Lalchhuanmawia]] {{sent off|2|45+2|61}}<br /> |goals2= [[Pronay Halder|Halder]] {{yel|13}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Lalpekhlua]] {{goal|73}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Cornell Glenn|Glenn]] {{yel|90+1}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|90+4}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=17,554<br /> |referee=Ajit Meetei<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = [[Kean Lewis]] (Mohun Bagan)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Aizawl&quot;<br /> |round = Match 9<br /> |date=28 February 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=1–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/vineeth-revives-the-blues-title-hope/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]<br /> |goals1=[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|48}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|55}}<br /> |goals2= [[Yuta Kinowaki|Kinowaki]] {{yel|55}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=8,848&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/703958073870692353|title=8,848 people chose to reach watch this game over @ManUtd vs @Arsenal. Thank you, Bengaluru! #BestFansEver #BFCvAFC|work=Bengaluru FC|date=28 February 2015|publisher=twitter.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |referee=[[Pranjal Banerjee]]<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Rino Anto]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Shillong Lajong v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 10<br /> |date=2 March 2016<br /> |time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |score=0–2<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-fc-register-their-first-win-in-shillong/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Vishal Kaith|Kaith]] {{yel|15}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Samuel Shadap|Shadap]] {{yel|45+1}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Bipin Singh|B. Singh]] {{yel|50}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Rupert Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{yel|59}}<br /> |goals2=[[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{goal|36}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Collins]] {{yel|55}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal|82}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|90+5}}<br /> |location=[[Shillong]]<br /> |stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=Ajit Meetei<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Udanta Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Sporting Goa v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 11<br /> |date=6 March 2016<br /> |time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |score=2–2<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/ten-man-sporting-fail-to-double-over-bengaluru-fc/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Marcus Masceranhas|Masceranhas]] {{goal|19}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|38}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Loveday Enyinnaya|Enyinnaya]] {{sent off|2|43|45}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Mahmoud Amnah|Amnah]] {{yel|85}}<br /> |goals2=[[Sunil Chhetri]] {{goal|42|pen.|67}}<br /> |location=[[Margao]]<br /> |stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]<br /> |result=D<br /> |motm = [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]] (Sporting Goa)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Mumbai&quot;<br /> |round = Match 12<br /> |date=2 April 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=1–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/daniel-lalhlimpuia-scores-for-bengaluru-fc-to-break-mumbai-jinx/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> |goals1=[[Curtis Osano|Osano]] {{yel|51}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|81}}<br /> |goals2=[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Kumar]] {{yel|30}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Ashutosh Mehta|Mehta]] {{yel|83}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Eric Brown (footballer)|Brown]] {{yel|90+2}} <br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=8,748<br /> |referee=OP Thakur<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;DSK Shivajians v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 13<br /> |date=6 April 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]<br /> |score=1–1<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/plucky-dsk-shivajians-snatch-a-point-against-bengaluru-fc/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Aser Pierrick Dipanda|Dipanda]] {{goal|37}}<br /> |goals2=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|34}} {{yel|63}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Collins]] {{yel|40}}&lt;br/&gt;[[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|44}}<br /> |location=[[Pune]]<br /> |stadium=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee= Venkatesh R<br /> |result=D<br /> |motm = [[Subrata Pal]] (DSK Shivajians)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v East Bengal&quot;<br /> |round = Match 14<br /> |date=10 April 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=3–1<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/blues-shine-over-red-golds-at-kanteerava/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /> |goals1=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|28}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|61}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal|63}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Malsawmzuala]] {{goal|68}}<br /> |goals2= [[Saumik Dey]] {{yel|13}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Do Dong-hyun|Dong-hyun]] {{goal|27}} {{yel|39}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Bernard Mendy|Mendy]] {{yel|47}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sehnaj Singh]] {{yel|87}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=11,145<br /> |referee=[[C.R. Srikrishna]]<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Salgaocar&quot;<br /> |round = Match 15<br /> |date=17 April 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=2–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/hero-i-league-trophy-comes-back-to-bengaluru-again/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br /> |goals1=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|8}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Malsawmzuala]] {{yel|35}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Rino Anto|Anto]] {{yel|54}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Alwyn George|George]] {{yel|76}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|88}}<br /> |goals2= [[Thangjam Singh|T. Singh]] {{sent off|2|17|89}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Manandeep Singh|M. Singh]] {{yel|29}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Éder Monteiro Fernandes|Éder]] {{yel|36}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=11,431&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/sports/football/Bengaluru-FC-crowned-I-League-champions/articleshow/51868653.cms|title=Bengaluru FC crowned I-League champions|date=17 April 2016|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|first=Aravind|last=Suchindran|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420121745/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/sports/football/Bengaluru-FC-crowned-I-League-champions/articleshow/51868653.cms|archive-date=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |referee=[[Rowan Arumughan]]<br /> |result=W<br /> |motm = [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Mohun Bagan v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = Match 16<br /> |date=23 April 2016<br /> |time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> |score=5–0<br /> |report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/mariners-net-five-to-seal-a-double-over-the-champions/ Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Cornell Glenn|Glenn]] {{goal|8||66}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Lenny Rodrigues|Rodrigues]] {{goal|21}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Luciano Sabrosa|Sabrosa]] {{goal|23}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Azharuddin Mallick|Mallick]] {{goal|28}}<br /> |goals2=[[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Pereira]] {{sent off|2|33|51}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Malsawmzuala]] {{yel|44}}<br /> |location=[[Siliguri]]<br /> |stadium=[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=Ajit Meetei<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = [[Cornell Glenn]] (Mohun Bagan)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} <br /> {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Postponed|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br /> <br /> ====Table====<br /> {{:2015–16 I-League|showteam=BFC}}<br /> <br /> ====Results summary====<br /> {{Fb_rs |hw=6 |hd=0 |hl=2 |hgf=15 |hga=6 |aw=4 |ad=2 |al=2 |agf=9 |aga=11 }}<br /> {{Fb_rs_footer |u=|s=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/statistics/ I-League] |date=January 2016}}<br /> <br /> ====Results by round====<br /> {{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Round<br /> <br /> |label1= Ground<br /> | res1=[[Tilak Maidan Stadium|A]]/[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Cooperage Ground|A]]/[[Barasat Stadium|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|A]]/[[Fatorda Stadium|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Barasat Stadium|A]]<br /> |label2= Result<br /> | res2=W/W/W/L/W/L/W/L/W/W/D/W/D/W/W/L<br /> |label3= Position<br /> | res3=3 /2 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /1 /1 /1 <br /> &lt;!-- --&gt;<br /> |text_H=Home|text_A=Away<br /> |color_W=green2|text_W=Win<br /> |color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw<br /> |color_L=red2|text_L=Loss<br /> |color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_18-=red1<br /> <br /> |updated=<br /> |source=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/ I-League] <br /> |date=January 2016<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===AFC Cup===<br /> {{main|2016 AFC Cup}}<br /> <br /> The draw for [[2016 AFC Cup]] took place on 10 December 2015 and Bengaluru FC were placed in Group H alongside [[Malaysia Super League]] winner [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]], [[Lao Premier League]] winner [[Lao Toyota F.C.|Lao Toyota FC]] and [[2015 General Aung San Shield|General Aung San Shield]] winner [[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]] from [[Myanmar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afc-cup-2016/afc-cup-2016-group-stage-draw|title=AFC CUP 2016 GROUP STAGE DRAW|work=AFC|date=10 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Group stage====<br /> {{main|2016 AFC Cup group stage#Group H}}<br /> <br /> Bengaluru FC started their campaign in the away game against Vietnamese team [[Lao Toyota F.C.]] A defensive lapse by [[Curtis Osano]] and an excellent free-kick just outside the penalty box from [[Phatthana Syvilay]] meant that Bengaluru were trailing by 2–0 at the 30 minutes mark. In the second half, Lao Toyota were reduced to 10 men, but Bengaluru were unable to capitalize on the chances created. However, [[C.K. Vineeth]] pulled one back in the stoppage time, and the score ended at 2–1 in the favour of the home team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/lao-toyota-vs-bengaluru/2175032/report|title=AFC Cup: Lao Toyota FC 2-1 Bengaluru FC - Ten-man Lao beat lacklustre visitors|first=Sumedh|last=Bilgi|date=24 February 2016|work=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Injury-ridden Bengaluru FC faced defending AFC cup champions [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] at home. The game was decided by a solitary goal from [[Mohd Safiq Rahim]] in 55th minute and Bengaluru succumbed to second consecutive defeat in the AFC cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-darul-takzim/2175039/report|title=AFC Cup: Bengaluru FC 0-1 Johor Darul Takzim: Defending champions secure narrow win|work=goal.com|date=9 March 2016|first=Brendon|last=Netto|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315202529/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-darul-takzim/2175039/report|archive-date=15 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru FC finally secured its first win against [[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]] when the solitary goal from the captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] in the first half was enough to secure 0–1 win for the team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/ayeyawady-united-vs-bengaluru/2175034/report|title=AFC Cup: Ayeyawady United 0-1 Bengaluru FC: Sunil Chhetri keeps Blues' Asian dream alive|date=16 March 2015|work=goal.com|first=Sumedh|last=Bilji|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319103243/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/ayeyawady-united-vs-bengaluru/2175034/report|archive-date=19 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the second half of the group stage, Bengaluru FC resumed the campaign against [[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]] at home. In what turned out to be the highest scoring match involving Bengaluru FC, the home team won the game 5–3 in spite of missed chances and defensive blunders.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-ayeyawady-united/2175035/report|title=AFC Cup: Bengaluru FC 5-3 Ayeyawady United: Blues come on top in an eight-goal thriller|work=goal.com|first1=Anselm|last1=Noronha|author2=Jeevan|date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru FC registered their third consecutive win in the group stage with 2–1 home win against [[Lao Toyota F.C.|Lao Toyota]]. A goal each from [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] and [[Kim Song-Yong]] in each half took Bengaluru FC to a win and with the win the team also advanced to round of 16 for the second year in running.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-lao-toyota/2175036/report|title=AFC Cup: Bengaluru FC 2-1 Lao Toyota: I-League champions book berth into competition's next stage|date=27 April 2016|work=goal.com|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430033613/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-lao-toyota/2175036/report|archive-date=30 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final game of the group stage, Bengaluru FC faced the group leader [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]], who maintained their perfect record against Bengaluru FC with 3–0 win and handed them their third consecutive defeat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/johor-darul-tazim-vs-bengaluru/2175043|title=JDT 3-0 Bengaluru: Perfect JDT send a message to their competition|first=Ooi|last=Kin Fai|date=11 May 2016|work=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{:2016 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group H|showteam=BFC}} <br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Lao Toyota FC v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|2|24|df=y}}<br /> |time=18:00 [[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]]<br /> |team1=[[Lao Toyota F.C.|Lao Toyota FC]] {{flagicon|LAO}}<br /> |score=2–1<br /> |team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10078&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=[[Kazuo Homma|Homma]] {{goal|2}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Phatthana Syvilay|Syvilay]] {{goal|34}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Moukda Souksavath|Souksavath]] {{send off|2|64|65}}<br /> |goals2=[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Collins]] {{yel|17}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Lalthuammawia Ralte|Ralte]] {{yel|34}}&lt;br/&gt;[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|90}}<br /> |stadium=[[New Laos National Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Vientiane]], [[Laos]]<br /> |attendance=800<br /> |referee=Yu Ming-hsun ([[Chinese Taipei Football Association|Chinese&amp;nbsp;Taipei]])<br /> |result=L<br /> |mvp=[[Phatthana Syvilay]] (Lao Toyota)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Johor Darul Ta'zim&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|3|9|df=y}}<br /> |time=<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |score=0–1<br /> |team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10080&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=<br /> |goals2=[[Azamuddin Akil|Azamuddin]] {{yel|50}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Mohd Safiq Rahim|Safiq]] {{goal|55}}<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[India]]<br /> |attendance=2,792<br /> |referee=Hussein Abo Yehia ([[Lebanon Football Association|Lebanon]])<br /> |result=L<br /> |mvp=[[Mohd Safiq Rahim]] (Johor Darul Ta'zim)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Ayeyawady United v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|3|16|df=y}}<br /> |time=16:00 [[UTC+06:30|UTC+6:30]]<br /> |team1=[[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]] {{flagicon|MYA}}<br /> |score=0–1<br /> |team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10081&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=Agyeman {{yel|40}}&lt;br/&gt;Naing Oo {{yel|46}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{yel|55}}<br /> |goals2=[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Collins]] {{yel|20}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|34}}<br /> |stadium=[[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]<br /> |attendance=300<br /> |referee= Aziz Asimov ([[Uzbekistan Football Federation|Uzbekistan]])<br /> |result=W<br /> |mvp=[[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Ayeyawady United&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|4|13|df=y}}<br /> |time=19:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |score=5–3<br /> |team2={{flagicon|MYA}} [[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10083&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|21}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Alwyn George|Alwyn]] {{goal|61||89}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Nanjangud Shivananju Manju|Manju]] {{yel|54}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Vishal Kumar|V. Kumar]] {{yel|55}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|66}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Beikhokhei Beingaichho|Beingaichho]] {{goal|69}}<br /> |goals2=[[Hein Thiha Zaw]] {{yel|30}} {{goal|44}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Min Min Thu|Thu]] {{yel|55}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Phyo Ko Ko Thein|Thein]] {{yel|63}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|69||78}}<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[India]]<br /> |attendance=3,081<br /> |referee=Kim Hee-gon ([[Korea Football Association|South&amp;nbsp;Korea]])<br /> |result=W<br /> |mvp=[[Alwyn George]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Bengaluru FC v Lao Toyota FC&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|4|27|df=y}}<br /> |time=19:00 [[UTC+05:30]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |score=2–1<br /> |team2={{flagicon|LAO}} [[Lao Toyota F.C.|Lao Toyota FC]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10086&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=[[Lalchhuanmawia]] {{yel|34}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|45+1}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal|60}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri]] {{yel|64}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Malsawmzuala]] {{yel|78}}<br /> |goals2=[[Saynakhonevieng Phommapanya|Phommapanya]] {{sent off|2|64|90}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Kazuo Honma|Honma]] {{goal|67}}<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[India]]<br /> |attendance=2,487<br /> |referee=Ho Wai Sing ([[Hong Kong Football Association|Hong&amp;nbsp;Kong]])<br /> |result=W<br /> |mvp=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible <br /> |id=&quot;Johor Darul Ta'zim v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|5|11|df=y}}<br /> |time=20:45 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]<br /> |team1=[[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] {{flagicon|MAS}}<br /> |score=3–0<br /> |team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10087&amp;stageid=393&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=[[Nazrin Nawi|Nawi]] {{yel|26}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Mohd Safiq Rahim|Safiq]] {{goal|70}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Safee Sali|Sali]] {{goal|78}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohd Shakir Shaari|Shaari]] {{goal|90+1|pen.}}<br /> |goals2=[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{yel|32}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|36}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Curtis Osano|Osano]] {{yel|45}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|T. Singh]] {{yel|51}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Rino Anto|Anto]] {{yel|90}}<br /> |stadium=[[Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium|Larkin Stadium]]<br /> |location=[[Johor Bahru]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |attendance=6,545<br /> |result=L<br /> |mvp=[[Safee Sali]] (Johor Darul Ta'zim)<br /> |referee=Turki Al-Khudhayr ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi&amp;nbsp;Arabia]])<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ====Knock-out stage====<br /> {{main|2016 AFC Cup knock-out stage}}<br /> {{see also|2016–17 Bengaluru FC season#2016 AFC Cup}}<br /> <br /> =====Round of 16=====<br /> Bengaluru FC faced [[Hong Kong]] team [[Kitchee SC]], the group F winner, in the single-legged round of 16 game at the [[Mong Kok Stadium]]. After conceding early lead in 7th minute, Bengaluru FC came back strong and [[Sunil Chhetri]] scored two goals in succession. However, Kitchee equalized just before the half time and the first half ended at 2–2. [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] struck immediately in the second half and gave the lead back to Bengaluru FC in 51st minute. Even though Bengaluru FC missed a few easy chances in the second half, they managed to hold on to the lead and entered quarter-finals for the first time,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/kitchee-vs-bengaluru/2233883/report|title=AFC Cup: Kitchee SC 2-3 Bengaluru FC: Sunil Chhetri scores two as Blues progress to quarter-finals|date=25 May 2016|work=goal.com|first=Brendon|last=Netto|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602224241/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/kitchee-vs-bengaluru/2233883/report|archive-date=2 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; played during [[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|2016–17 season]].<br /> <br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Kitchee v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round=[[2016 AFC Cup knock-out stage#Kitchee v Bengaluru FC|Round of 16]]<br /> |date={{Start date|2016|5|25|df=y}}<br /> |time=20:00 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]<br /> |team1=[[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] {{flagicon|HKG}}<br /> |score= 2–3<br /> |team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10172&amp;stageid=402&amp;tMode=H&amp;view=ajax&amp;show=matchsummary Report]<br /> |goals1=[[Rufino Segovia del Burgo|Rufino]] {{goal|7}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Li Ngai Hoi|Hoi]] {{yel|28}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Jordi Tarrés (footballer)|Tarrés]] {{goal|42}}<br /> |goals2=[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|31|pen.|33}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|51}}<br /> |stadium=[[Mong Kok Stadium]]<br /> |location= [[Hong Kong]]<br /> |attendance=2,806<br /> |referee=Fu Ming ([[Chinese Football Association|China]])<br /> |result=W<br /> |mvp=[[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Federation Cup===<br /> {{main|2015–16 Indian Federation Cup}}<br /> <br /> As the winner of [[2015–16 I-League]], Bengaluru FC were paired against 8th ranked team [[Aizawl F.C.]] for the quarter-final round. On 30 April 2016, in the first leg of quarter finals, Bengaluru FC took an early lead in 15th minute with a goal from [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]], however [[Alfred Jaryan]] equalized for the home team in 38th minute. Aizawl struck the final blow in the dying minutes when [[Joel Sunday]] scored the winner for the home team, leaving Bengaluru FC trailing after the first leg.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2231271/report|title=Federation Cup: Aizawl FC 2-1 Bengaluru FC: Sunday's late strike sinks defending champions|work=goal.com|date=30 April 2016|first1=Brendon|last1=Netto|first2=Lal|last2=Zarzova|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503084305/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2231271/report|archive-date=3 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru FC suffered a shock defeat in the home leg as well, as the team went down 2–3 to Aizawl. [[C.K. Vineeth]]'s first half equalizer and [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s successful penalty proved insufficient as Bengaluru FC were ousted from the Federation cup on 3–5 aggregate loss.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2231267/report|title=Federation Cup: Bengaluru FC 2-3 Aizawl FC: Reds eliminate stunned champions|work=goal.com|date=3 May 2016|first1=Brendon|last1=Netto|first2=Swapnaneel|last2=Parasar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506091013/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2231267/report|archive-date=6 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Fed Cup Aizawl v Bengaluru FC&quot;<br /> |round = [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]<br /> |date=30 April 2016<br /> |time= 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]<br /> |score=2–1<br /> |report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7148 Report]<br /> |team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |goals1=[[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{goal|38}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|90}}<br /> |goals2= [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|15}}<br /> |location=[[Aizawl]]<br /> |stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=<br /> |referee=Ajit Dutta<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = <br /> }}<br /> {{Football box collapsible |id=&quot;Fed Cup Bengaluru FC v Aizawl&quot;<br /> |round = [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]<br /> |date=3 May 2016<br /> |time= 21:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]<br /> |score=2–3<br /> |aggregatescore =3–5<br /> |report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7162 Report]<br /> |team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]<br /> |goals1=[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|28}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|74|pen.}}<br /> |goals2= [[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|26||37}}&lt;br/&gt;[[David Lalrinmuana|Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|49}}<br /> |location=[[Bengaluru]]<br /> |stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]<br /> |attendance=3,127<br /> |referee=<br /> |result=L<br /> |motm = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> [[Ashley Westwood (footballer born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]] was adjudged Best Coach of I-League by [[All India Football Federation]], whereas [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] won the Best Defender, [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] won the Best Midfielder, and [[Amrinder Singh]] won the Best Goalkeeper awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/bagan-spoils-bengalurus-party/article8514753.ece|title=Bagan spoils Bengaluru's party|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115958/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/bagan-spoils-bengalurus-party/article8514753.ece|archive-date=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashley Westwood was chosen as the ''Coach of the Year'' and [[Udanta Singh]] as ''Young Player of the Year'' by Football Players' Association of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/superstar-jeje-lalpekhlua-named-fpai-player-year-2748866.html|title=Superstar: Jeje Lalpekhlua named FPAI Player of the Year|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=26 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429183307/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/superstar-jeje-lalpekhlua-named-fpai-player-year-2748866.html|archive-date=29 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengaluru FC were also awarded ''Best Organizers'' by the [[I-League]] for the 2015–16 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/725990140892450816|title=Another title! The Blues have been named the Best Organizers of the recently concluded I-League season. #NumeroUno|work=Bengaluru FC|publisher=Twitter|date=29 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115958/https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/725990140892450816|archive-date=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; At Bengaluru FC award night, John Johnson was Players' Player of the season, and [[Rino Anto]] was awarded Fans' player of the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/john-johnson-named-players-player-at-bengaluru-fc-awards-night/|title=John Johnson named Players' Player at Bengaluru FC award night|work=[[Bengaluru FC]]|date=28 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822141204/http://www.bengalurufc.com/john-johnson-named-players-player-at-bengaluru-fc-awards-night/|archive-date=22 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Team management==<br /> [[File:Westwood, Ashley.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Ashley Westwood, the head coach Bengaluru FC for the third season]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Position<br /> ! Name<br /> |-<br /> | Head coach<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ashley Westwood (footballer born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]]<br /> |-<br /> | Assistant coach<br /> | {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Pradhyum Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> | Goalkeeping coach<br /> | {{flagicon|TUR}} Ali Uzunhasanoglu<br /> |-<br /> | Head of Youth Development<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} Richard Hood<br /> |-<br /> | Performance analyst<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} Matt Holland<br /> |-<br /> | Head physiotherapist<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} Samuel Coleman<br /> |-<br /> | Head of sports sciences<br /> | {{flagicon|ENG}} Donavan Pillai<br /> |}<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> ==Player statistics==<br /> <br /> ===Appearances and goals===<br /> {{Efs start|[[2015–16 I-League|I-League]]|[[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=1|name=[[Amrinder Singh]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|11+0|0|2+0|0|4+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=3|name=[[Nanjangud Shivananju Manju]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+1|0|0+0|0|1+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=4|name=[[Curtis Osano]]|pos=DF|nat=KEN|16+0|1|2+0|0|3+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=5|name=[[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|7+1|0|1+0|0|4+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=6|name=[[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]|pos=DF|nat=ENG|14+0|0|2+0|0|6+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=7|name=[[Kim Song-Yong]]|pos=DF|nat=PRK|13+1|5|2+0|0|4+0|1}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=8|name=[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]]|pos=DF|nat=ENG|10+0|0|2+0|0|6+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=11|name=[[Sunil Chhetri]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|14+0|5|2+0|1|4+0|3}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=12|name=[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|10+3|0|0+1|0|3+2|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=13|name=[[Rino Anto]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|15+1|0|1+0|0|5+1|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=14|name=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|8+0|3|2+0|1|3+0|1}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=15|name=[[Vishal Kumar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0|0+0|0|2+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=16|name=[[Shankar Sampingiraj]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|5+2|1|0+0|0|1+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=17|name=[[Seminlen Doungel]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|4+9 |2 |0+0|0|2+2|1 }}<br /> {{Efs player|no=18|name=[[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|3+1|0|0+0|0|1+1|1}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=19|name=[[Siam Hanghal]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|2+0|0|0+0|0|3+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=20|name=[[Alwyn George]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|4+2|0 |0+0|0|4+1|2}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=21|name=[[Udanta Singh]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|6+6|1|1+1|0|5+2|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=22|name=[[Nishu Kumar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|1+0|0 |1+0|0|1+1|0 }}<br /> {{Efs player|no=23|name=[[Lalchhuan Mawia]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|11+1|0|1+1|0|6+1|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=24|name=[[Salam Ranjan Singh]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+3 |0 |0+0|0|1+1|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=25|name=[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|1+4 |1 |0+2|0|2+4|1 }}<br /> {{Efs player|no=28|name=[[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|5+0|0|0+0|0|3+0|0}}<br /> {{Efs player|no=29|name=[[Malsawmzuala]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|7+3 |1 |2+0|0|1+1|0 }}<br /> {{Efs player|no=31|name=[[C.K. Vineeth]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|9+5|4|1+1|1|2+2|2}}<br /> {{Efs end|s=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway]|date=February 2017}}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Updated: 25 May 2016&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Top scorers===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''<br /> !width=150|Player<br /> !width=80|I-League<br /> !width=80|AFC<br /> !width=80|Federation Cup<br /> !width=80|'''Total'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''1'''<br /> | 11<br /> | [[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Sunil Chhetri]]<br /> | 5<br /> | 3<br /> | 1<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''2'''<br /> | 31<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[C.K. Vineeth]]<br /> | 4<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''3'''<br /> | 7<br /> | [[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> | {{flagicon|PRK}}<br /> | align=left| [[Kim Song-Yong]]<br /> | 5<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''4'''<br /> | 14<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]<br /> | 3<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''5'''<br /> | 17<br /> | [[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Seminlen Doungel]]<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|'''6'''<br /> | 20<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Alwyn George]]<br /> | 0<br /> | 2<br /> | 0<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> | 25<br /> | [[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5|'''8'''<br /> | 4<br /> | [[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|KEN}}<br /> | align=left|[[Curtis Osano]]<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> | 0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Shankar Sampingiraj]]<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> | 0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | [[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Udanta Singh]]<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> | 0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]]<br /> | 0<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | [[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Malsawmzuala]]<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> | 0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot;|'''TOTALS'''<br /> | '''24'''<br /> | '''12'''<br /> | '''3'''<br /> | '''39'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway]&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Updated: 25 May 2016&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Clean sheets===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot; !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''<br /> !width=150|Player<br /> !width=80|I-League<br /> !width=80|AFC<br /> !width=80|Federation Cup<br /> !width=80|'''Total'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''1'''<br /> |1<br /> |[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Amrinder Singh]]<br /> |5<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|'''2'''<br /> |28<br /> |[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | align=left| [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot;|'''TOTALS'''<br /> | '''7'''<br /> | '''1'''<br /> | '''0'''<br /> | '''8'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway]&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Updated: 25 May 2016&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Disciplinary record===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; !width=120|'''Player'''<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''[[2015–16 I-League|I-League]]'''<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''[[2016 AFC Cup|AFC]]'''<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''Total'''<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''Notes'''<br /> |-<br /> !width=34; background:#fe9;&quot;|{{yel}}<br /> !width=34; background:#ff8888;&quot;|{{sent off}}<br /> !width=34; background:#fe9;&quot;|{{yel}}<br /> !width=34; background:#ff8888;&quot;|{{sent off}}<br /> !width=34; background:#fe9;&quot;|{{yel}}<br /> !width=34; background:#ff8888;&quot;|{{sent off}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=4|'''1'''<br /> |4<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|KEN}}<br /> |align=left|[[Curtis Osano]]<br /> |3<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}}<br /> |align=left|[[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]<br /> |4<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> | &lt;small&gt;Missed a game, against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] (4 yellow cards)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/we-have-got-matters-firmly-in-our-own-hands-westwood/|title=We have got matters firmly in our own hands: Ashley Westwood|work=benglaurufc.com|date=8 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508041803/http://www.bengalurufc.com/we-have-got-matters-firmly-in-our-own-hands-westwood/|archive-date=8 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;(10 April 2016)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IRE}}<br /> |align=left|[[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |&lt;small&gt;Missed a game, against [[Ayeyawady United F.C.|Ayeyawady United]] (2 yellow cards)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-notch-key-win-beat-ayeyawady-5-3/|title=Bengaluru FC notch key win, beat Ayeyawady 5–3|date=13 April 2016|access-date=13 April 2016|work=bengalurufc.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624103115/http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-notch-key-win-beat-ayeyawady-5-3/|archive-date=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;(13 April 2016)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Lalchhuanmawia]]<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |&lt;small&gt;Missed a game, against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] (red card)&lt;br/&gt;(28 February 2016)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-|-<br /> |rowspan=5|'''5'''<br /> |11<br /> |[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Sunil Chhetri]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Malsawmzuala]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Rino Anto]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|'''10'''<br /> |17<br /> |[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Seminlen Doungel]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Alwyn George]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=6|'''12'''<br /> |3<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Nanjangud Shivananju Manju]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |&lt;small&gt;Missed a game, against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] (red card)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/726338320096063488|title=TEAM NEWS: Big man Osano is back in the line up, replacing a suspended Keegan while Kim, Udanta and Chhetri spearhead the Blues' attack.|work=Bengaluru FC|publisher=Twitter|date=30 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115958/https://twitter.com/bengalurufc/status/726338320096063488|archive-date=20 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;(30 April 2016)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br /> |{{flagicon|PRK}}<br /> |align=left|[[Kim Song-Yong]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Vishal Kumar]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> |[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> |[[Midfielder|MF]]<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}}<br /> |align=left|[[C.K. Vineeth]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=5|'''TOTALS'''<br /> |'''26'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |'''0'''<br /> |'''39'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway]&lt;br/&gt;<br /> Updated: 25 May 2016&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist-ua}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[2015–16 in Indian football]]<br /> <br /> {{Bengaluru FC}}<br /> {{2015–16 in Indian football}}<br /> <br /> {{good article}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:2015-16 Bengaluru FC Season}}<br /> [[Category:2015–16 I-League by team|Beng]]<br /> [[Category:Bengaluru FC seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2010s in Bengaluru]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasautii_Zindagii_Kay_(2018_TV_series)&diff=473842 2026-03-28T07:36:55Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: adjusted article per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Television series}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = KasautiiZindagiikay2018.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<br /> | creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]<br /> | story = Anil Nagpal<br /> | screenplay = {{ubl|Anil Nagpal|Mrinal Tripathi}}<br /> | director = Muzammil Desai<br /> | creative_director = {{ubl|Richa Ambolkar|Shivangi Babbar}}<br /> | presenter = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist| <br /> * [[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> * [[Parth Samthaan]]<br /> * [[Hina Khan]]<br /> * [[Karan Singh Grover]] <br /> * [[Aamna Sharif]]<br /> * [[Karan Patel]] <br /> }}<br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | opentheme = [[Babul Supriyo]]&lt;br&gt;Priya Bhattacharya<br /> | endtheme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 2<br /> | num_episodes = 468<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = {{ubl|Nilesh Mishra|Ranjan Jenaa}}<br /> | producer = {{ubl|[[Ekta Kapoor]]|[[Shobha Kapoor]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Deepak Malvankar<br /> | editor = {{ubl|Vikas Sharma|Vishal Sharma|Sandeep Bhatt}}<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]<br /> | network = [[StarPlus]]<br /> | released = <br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2018|09|25}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2020|10|3}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay wraps up on October 3; finale episode may end with a happily ever after for lovers Anurag and Prerna|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-wraps-up-on-october-3-finale-episode-may-end-with-a-happily-ever-after-for-lovers-anurag-and-prerna/articleshow/77965470.cms|website=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015122646/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-wraps-up-on-october-3-finale-episode-may-end-with-a-happily-ever-after-for-lovers-anurag-and-prerna/articleshow/77965470.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | related = ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kasautii Zindagii Kay''''' ({{translation|''The Trials of Life''}}) is an Indian romantic drama television series produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under her banner [[Balaji Telefilms]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay wraps up on October 3; finale episode may end with a happily ever after for lovers Anurag and Prerna|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-wraps-up-on-october-3-finale-episode-may-end-with-a-happily-ever-after-for-lovers-anurag-and-prerna/articleshow/77965470.cms|website=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015122646/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-wraps-up-on-october-3-finale-episode-may-end-with-a-happily-ever-after-for-lovers-anurag-and-prerna/articleshow/77965470.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was a reboot of Kapoor's [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|2001 soap opera with the same name]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ekta-kapoor-hints-at-the-comeback-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-5066421/|title=Ekta Kapoor hints at the comeback of Kasautii Zindagii Kay|work=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=11 July 2018|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419120923/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ekta-kapoor-hints-at-the-comeback-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-5066421/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It aired from 25 September 2018 to 3 October 2020 on [[Star Plus]]. The series starred [[Parth Samthaan]], [[Erica Fernandes]], [[Hina Khan]], [[Karan Singh Grover]], [[Aamna Sharif]] and [[Karan Patel]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekta Kapoor's Kasauti Zindagi Kay 2 delayed; check out the new premiere date|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ekta-kapoor-s-kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-delayed-new-premiere-date-revealed-1321259-2018-08-23|website=India Today|date=23 August 2018 |access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410213353/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ekta-kapoor-s-kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-delayed-new-premiere-date-revealed-1321259-2018-08-23|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Anurag Basu and Prerna Sharma are [[Soulmate|twin flames]] made for each other, yet forced to overcome obstacles to be together.<br /> <br /> Set in [[Kolkata]], the story focuses on Anurag and Prerna who study in the same university. Fate keeps pulling them towards each other and as they get to know one another, they slowly form a bond of trust, understanding and friendship. Anurag's mother, Mohini wants a daughter-in-law who can match the status and wealth of the Basu family and is disappointed to see Anurag and Prerna's closeness. Prerna falls for Anurag. But Naveen, an evil man blackmails Prerna to marry him. Anurag senses something is not right so he decides to reveal Naveen's hidden colours and save Prerna's life. Naveen is exposed and arrested. In between all these incidents, Prerna and Anurag fall in love with each other.<br /> <br /> Komolika Chaubey is an arrogant, selfish, evil and narcissistic woman. While Anurag realizes his feelings for Prerna, Komolika becomes obsessed with him, even though her sister, Mishka is in an alliance with him. Naveen abducts Prerna but Anurag saves her. Anurag and Prerna confess their feelings to one another, consummate their relationship, and plan to marry. Seeing them plan a future together, Komolika plots to create misunderstandings between them. She poisons Mohini which nearly kills her and when Anurag's father Moloy and Prerna's father Rajesh discover her truth, she even causes their accident, in which Moloy becomes comatose and Prerna loses her father. Moloy knows Komolika's real face but is unable to say it to anyone as he becomes paralysed. Komolika further asks Anurag to marry her in order to save Prerna's house. Compelled and helpless, Anurag agrees and this makes Mohini happy. Unaware of the truth, Prerna is left shocked. Dazed, she is hit by a car and taken to the hospital, where she is revealed to be pregnant.<br /> <br /> Hurt and rebellious, Prerna enters the Basu house, successfully exposes Komolika and gets her arrested. Komolika escapes prison and returns to kill Prerna, but falls down the terrace and goes missing. Komolika's brother Ronit, who is also Prerna's sister Shivani's ex boyfriend, attempts to kill Prerna to avenge Komolika's presumed death but she gets saved once again. Anurag and Prerna happily reunite and get engaged.<br /> <br /> Rishabh Bajaj is a successful, powerful and selfish businessman. He falsely frames Anurag and gets him jailed. Further, he asks Prerna to marry him in exchange for Anurag's freedom. Helpless, she agrees. Heartbroken, Anurag questions Prerna. She lies to him, hoping he moves on but Anurag remains adamant and refuses to give up on their love. Mr. Bajaj married Prerna so that his daughter Kukki can have a mother figure in her life. However, Rishabh starts falling for Prerna. Aware of the fact that Prerna loves Anurag, Rishabh tries to kill him. When his daughter Kukki ends up getting hurt while trying to stop Rishabh, he steps back. Anurag and Prerna reunite again.<br /> <br /> Vengeful, Komolika makes a comeback. Prerna reveals her pregnancy to Anurag and the two rejoice as they get ready to marry. Komolika causes Anurag's accident and everyone believes he is dead.<br /> <br /> ===1 month later===<br /> Anurag loses his memory. Komolika undergoes plastic surgery and fakes an identity of being Sonalika, misusing the opportunity to make Anurag and the Basus believe that they got married. Anurag does not remember his time with Prerna and believes he loves Komolika. Prerna discovers Komolika's identity and decides to expose her but refrains in fear of affecting Anurag's memory and health. Komolika tries to kill Prerna and her child multiple times but fails to do so.<br /> <br /> Prerna is all set to marry Viraj but when he realises she still loves Anurag, he kidnaps her and tries to forcefully marry her and in a pursuit to rescue Prerna, Anurag regains his lost memory. Later on Prerna gives birth to Sneha and reconciles with Anurag. Komolika threatens Anurag to frame Prerna for Viraj's murder, which was in reality just an accident. She asks Anurag to pretend to push Prerna off the bridge. Rishabh, who still has feelings for Prerna, recommends Anurag to follow the plan, hoping to keep the two away. When Anurag refuses, Komolika threatens life long jail for Prerna. Helpless, Anurag agrees and asks Rishabh to promise to save Prerna.<br /> <br /> Anurag pushes Prerna off a bridge and she gets saved by Rishabh. Komolika then abandons Sneha in an orphanage and bribes a worker to burn it. Reeling from heartbreak and shock, Prerna reaches the orphanage and is devastated to see it on fire and assumes Sneha to be dead. Broken beyond belief, Prerna moves to London with Rishabh, leaving behind Anurag with Komolika.<br /> <br /> ===8 years later===<br /> Prerna thrives as a successful businesswoman in London while Anurag's business does well in Kolkata. Prerna maintains a formal relation with Rishabh, still detesting Anurag for his betrayal. Anurag hates Komolika and lives in constant guilt. Prerna leaves for Kolkata once again to seek revenge from Anurag for betraying and deceiving her and also for her daughter's death. Prerna promises to ruin Anurag, not knowing the fact that he is innocent and their separation was actually Komolika's conspiracy. Anurag and Prerna meet an orphan, and feel a powerful connection to her, unaware that she is Sneha, who has survived the fire.<br /> <br /> Eventually, Anurag realises his mistake of leaving Prerna and that he still loves her the most. He breaks ties with Komolika, reveals the truth to Prerna and shows her the proofs. He explains how he repeatedly tried to contact Prerna, but was isolated by Rishabh. The two reunite after a long wait, reminiscing the time they lost, the pain they faced and remarry. Komolika unveils all her crimes and states that she was in fact the one who had killed Viraj, not Prerna. Anurag and Prerna also discover that their long lost daughter Sneha is alive and bring her home.<br /> <br /> Enraged after seeing Anurag and Prerna reunited and all her sinister plans destroyed, Komolika tries to stab Prerna but unintentionally wounds Rishabh, when he jumps in between and tries to save Prerna. Rishabh stabs Komolika in return, and she finally dies. Before dying, Rishabh apologizes to Prerna and Anurag for being selfish and separating them and asks them to take care of Kuki, who has fallen love and is in a relationship with Anurag's sister's son, Kaushik.<br /> <br /> ===1 month later===<br /> Anurag and Prerna live a happy life, with their daughter Sneha, in Kolkata and get married.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main===<br /> * [[Parth Samthaan]] as Anurag Basu: Mohini and Moloy's son; Rakhi, Nivedita, and Tapur's brother; Prerna's husband; Komolika’s ex-husband; Diya’s adoptive father; Sneha's father (2018-2020)<br /> * [[Erica Fernandes]] as Prerna Sharma/Basu: Veena and Rajesh's daughter; Shekhar, Shivani, and Mahesh's sister; Anurag's wife; Rishabh’s ex-wife; Sneha's mother; Kukki’s stepmother (2018-2020)<br /> * [[Karan Singh Grover]] / [[Karan Patel]] as Rishabh Bajaj: Menaka's widower; Kukki's father; Prerna's ex-husband (2019–2020) / (2020) (Dead)<br /> * [[Hina Khan]] / [[Aamna Sharif]] as Komolika Chaubey: Siddhant's daughter; Mishka and Ronit's sister; Anurag’s ex-wife; Diya's adoptive mother (2018-2019) / (2019–2020) (Dead)<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * [[Uday Tikekar]] as Moloy Basu: Mohini's husband; Rakhi, Nivedita, Anurag, and Tapur's father; Kaushik, Tanisha, and Sneha's grandfather (2018-2020)<br /> * [[Shubhaavi Choksey]] as Mohini Basu: Moloy's wife; Rakhi, Nivedita, Anurag, and Tapur's mother; Kaushik, Tanisha, and Sneha's grandmother (2018-2020)<br /> * [[Kali Prasad Mukherjee]] as Rajesh Sharma: Veena's husband; Shekhar, Prerna, Shivani, and Mahesh's father; Sneha's grandfather (2018-2020) (Dead)<br /> * Kanupriya Pandit as Veena Sharma: Rajesh's wife; Shekhar, Prerna, Shivani, and Mahesh's mother; Sneha's grandmother (2018-2020)<br /> * Karan Arora as Shekhar Sharma: Rajesh and Veena's son; Prerna, Shivani, and Mahesh's brother; Suman's husband (2018-2020)<br /> * [[Pooja Banerjee]] as Nivedita Basu: Mohini and Moloy's daughter; Rakhi, Anurag, and Tapur's sister; Anupam's wife (2018–2020)<br /> * [[Sahil Anand]] as Anupam Sengupta: Nivedita's husband (2018–2020)<br /> * Upasana Salunke / [[Priyal Mahajan]] / [[Aastha Abhay]] / [[Garima Parihar]] as Tapur Basu: Mohini and Moloy's daughter; Rakhi, Nivedita, and Anurag's sister; Sahil's former fiancée (2018–2020)<br /> * [[Antara Banerjee]] / Ritu Chauhan as Suman Sharma: Shekhar's wife (2018–2019) / (2019–2020)<br /> * Charvi Saraf as Shivani Sharma: Veena and Rajesh's daughter; Shekhar, Prerna, and Mahesh's sister; Ronit's former fiancée (2018–2020)<br /> * Mridul Das as Mahesh Sharma: Veena and Rajesh's son; Shekhar, Prerna, and Shivani's brother; Kajal's husband (2020)<br /> ** Karan Bhanushali as Young Mahesh Sharma (2018–2020)<br /> * [[Adi Irani]] as Siddhant Chaubey: Komolika, Mishka, and Ronit's father (2018–2019)<br /> * Ariah Aggarwal as Mishka Chaubey: Siddhant's daughter; Komolika and Ronit's sister; Anurag's former fiancé (2018–2019)<br /> * Tarun Mahilani as Ronit Chaubey: Siddhant's son; Komolika and Mishka's brother; Shivani's former fiancé (2018–2020)<br /> * [[Aditi Sanwal]] as Kukki Bajaj: Menaka and Rishabh's daughter; Prerna's stepdaughter; Kaushik's girlfriend (2020)<br /> ** Jia Narigara as Child Kukki Bajaj (2019)<br /> * Kunal Thakur / Akash Jagga as Kaushik Chakraborty: Rakhi's son; Tanisha's brother; Kukki's boyfriend (2020)<br /> *Sumaiya Khan / Tasheen Shah as Sneha Basu: Prerna and Anurag's daughter (2020)<br /> * Bhavya Sachdeva as Sahil Sinha: Vikrant's brother; Tapur's former fiancé (2019)<br /> * Siddharth Shivpuri as Vikrant Sinha: Sahil's brother; Komolika's former boyfriend; Anurag's business rival (2019)(Deas)<br /> * [[Alka Amin]] as Sharda Bajaj: Rishabh's aunt; Tanvi's adoptive mother (2019)<br /> * Sonyaa Ayodhya as Tanvi Bajaj: Sharda's adoptive daughter; Rishabh's cousin (2019)<br /> * Sanjay Swaraj as Naveen Chandra Chattopadhyay: Mohini's adoptive brother; Ronita and Madhuri's husband; Prerna's former fiancé (2018–2019)<br /> * [[Madhura Naik]] as Madhuri Chattopadhyay: Naveen's first wife (2018)<br /> * Piyali Munshi as Ronita Chattopadhyay: Naveen's second wife (2018)<br /> * [[Parull Chaudhry]] as Rakhi Basu: Mohini and Moloy's daughter; Nivedita, Anurag, and Tapur's sister; Tanisha and Kaushik's mother (2020)<br /> * [[Urfi Javed]] as Tanisha Chakraborty: Rakhi's daughter; Kaushik's sister (2020)<br /> * [[Namik Paul]] as Viraj Bhardwaj: Prerna's former fiancé; Komolika's accomplice (2020)(Dead)<br /> * [[Shivika Rishi]] / Arishta Mehta as Diya: Anurag and Komolika's adoptive daughter (2020)<br /> * Minal Mogam as Kajal Sharma: Mahesh's wife (2020)<br /> * Shahrukh Sadri as Prosenjit Basu: Moloy's brother; Kumud's husband; Mouli's father (2019)<br /> * Anjali Gupta as Kumud Basu: Prosenjit's wife; Mouli's mother (2019)<br /> * Coral Bhamra as Mouli Basu: Kumud and Prosenjit's daughter (2019)<br /> * Kunal Madhiwalla as Rahil Das: Manager of Basu Industries (2019)<br /> * Siddharth Banerjee / Naman Arora as Siddhesh &quot;Sid&quot; Kapoor: Anurag's friend (2018–2020)<br /> * [[Anju Jadhav]] / Michelle Shah as Anjali Pathak: Prerna's friend (2018)<br /> * [[Monica Sharma]] as Kirti Sharma: Prerna and Anjali's friend; Rohan's wife (2018)<br /> * Naveen Sharma as Rohan Sharma: Anurag and Prerna's friend; Kirti's husband (2018)<br /> * Roopali Prakash as Manisha Singhania: Komolika's friend (2018)<br /> * Rohit Sharma as Gaurav Kukreja: Komolika's ex-boyfriend (2018)<br /> * Neelu Dogra as Rondita Bhasin: Mohini's friend (2020)<br /> * [[Reema Vohra]] as Priyanka Gupta: Sneha's caretaker (2020)<br /> * Amit Raghuvanshi / Aashish Bhardhwaj as Monish: Kaushik's cousin (2020)<br /> * Sabina Jat as Anushka Thapar: Kukki's friend (2020)<br /> <br /> ===Guests===<br /> * [[Sidharth Malhotra]] as Abhay Singh: To promote ''[[Jabariya Jodi]]'' (2019)<br /> * [[Parineeti Chopra]] as Babli Yadav: To promote ''[[Jabariya Jodi]]'' (2019)<br /> * [[Vikram Singh Chauhan]] as Aman Junaid Khan: To promote ''[[Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!]]'' (2019)<br /> * [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]] as Roshni Ahmad: To promote ''[[Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!]]'' (2019)<br /> * [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] as Karamveer Singh: To promote ''[[Dream Girl (2019 film)|Dream Girl]]'' (2019) <br /> * [[Nushrat Bharucha]] as Mahi Rajput: To promote ''[[Dream Girl (2019 film)|Dream Girl]]'' (2019)<br /> * [[Rupali Ganguly]] as Anupamaa Shah: To promote ''[[Anupamaa]]'' (2020)<br /> * [[Sudhanshu Pandey]] as Vanraj Shah: To promote ''[[Anupamaa]]'' (2020)<br /> * [[Paras Kalnawat]] as Samar Shah: To promote ''[[Anupamaa]]'' (2020)<br /> * Muskaan Bamne as Pakhi Shah: To promote ''[[Anupamaa]]'' (2020)<br /> * [[Lankesh Bhardwaj]] as Inspector and Advocate<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ===Development===<br /> ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay'' is a reboot of the 2001 series [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|of the same name]], which was also produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under [[Balaji Telefilms]] for [[Star Plus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/watch-ekta-kapoor-shares-the-first-teaser-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-1292564-2018-07-22|title=Watch: Ekta Kapoor shares the first teaser of Kasauti Zindagi Kay reboot|website=India Today|date=22 July 2018 |language=en|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929090756/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/watch-ekta-kapoor-shares-the-first-teaser-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-1292564-2018-07-22|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2018, [[Ekta Kapoor]] revealed that she was creating a rebooted version of one of her old series stating:<br /> {{blockquote|With a piece of my broken heart I wrote in 2001, 17 years later I reboot it dipping in personal pain and lacing it with experiences of an older me! Bringing back my most successful love saga that ran for 9 years! Again, I’ll take my broken heart &amp; make it into art!|[[Ekta Kapoor]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-shares-kasauti-zindagi-kay-promo-shweta-tiwari-ronit-roy-give-their-blessings/story-tOuOHlhihXb5GSoBSxrE5M.html|title=Ekta Kapoor shares Kasautii Zindagii Kay promo, Shweta Tiwari, Ronit Roy give their blessings|website=Hindustan Times|date=22 July 2018|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422070735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-shares-kasauti-zindagi-kay-promo-shweta-tiwari-ronit-roy-give-their-blessings/story-tOuOHlhihXb5GSoBSxrE5M.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> On 4 July 2018, Kapoor had a meeting with [[Star Plus]] regarding the reboot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/jul/06/ekta-kapoor-to-announce-remake-of-old-epic-saga-1839155.html|title=Ekta Kapoor to announce remake of 'old epic saga'|website=The Indian Express|date=6 July 2018 |access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193116/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/jul/06/ekta-kapoor-to-announce-remake-of-old-epic-saga-1839155.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 July 2018, she announced the ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay'' reboot by sharing the teaser of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-watch-first-teaser-for-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-is-kick-straight-to-nostalgia-2640051|title=Watch: First teaser for 'Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2' is kick straight to nostalgia|website=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105114114/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-watch-first-teaser-for-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-is-kick-straight-to-nostalgia-2640051|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/watch-ekta-kapoor-shares-the-first-teaser-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-1292564-2018-07-22|title=Watch: Ekta Kapoor shares the first teaser of Kasauti Zindagi Kay reboot|website=India Today|date=22 July 2018 |access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929090756/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/watch-ekta-kapoor-shares-the-first-teaser-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-1292564-2018-07-22|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2018, [[Shah Rukh Khan]] introduced [[Parth Samthaan]] and [[Erica Fernandes]] as Anurag Basu and Prerna Sharma in the first promo of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-reboot-trailer-shah-rukh-khan-ekta-kapoor-parth-erica-5336224/|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay promo: SRK introduces Parth and Erica as Anurag and Prerna|work=The Indian Express|date=25 September 2018|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925213632/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-reboot-trailer-shah-rukh-khan-ekta-kapoor-parth-erica-5336224/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kapoor revealed that the character Anurag was named after her director friend and the character Prerna was named after her father's friend Prem Chopra's daughter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ekta Kapoor on Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: I am nervous as whenever my shows are too hyped, they usually don't work|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ekta-kapoor-on-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-i-am-nervous-as-whenever-my-shows-are-too-hyped-they-usually-dont-work/articleshow/65936155.cms|website=The Times of India|last1=Tiwari|first1=Vijaya|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926021451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ekta-kapoor-on-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-i-am-nervous-as-whenever-my-shows-are-too-hyped-they-usually-dont-work/articleshow/65936155.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Kzk2statueunveilbyEshaandBharat.jpg|thumb|[[Esha Deol]] and Bharat Takhtani unveiled one of the sculpture depicting Kasautii Zindagii Kay's lead characters Anurag and Prerna in [[Mumbai]] on 10 September 2018.|alt=]]<br /> In September 2018, twenty five feet statues of the lead characters Anurag and Prerna were unveiled across ten cities in India by popular actors to promote the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: Esha Deol, Sanjeeda Shaikh unveil 25-feet statues of love. See pics|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-esha-deol-sanjeeda-shaikh-unveil-25-feet-statues-of-love-see-pics/story-6FcGEIaHZ3Yx0WfPFdWnRI.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=11 September 2018|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=16 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216121857/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-esha-deol-sanjeeda-shaikh-unveil-25-feet-statues-of-love-see-pics/story-6FcGEIaHZ3Yx0WfPFdWnRI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Kasautii Zindagi Kay' Statues of Love in 10 Cities Across India|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/kasautii-zindagi-kay-statues-of-love-in-10-cities-across-india|website=The Quint|date=11 September 2018|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911151952/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/kasautii-zindagi-kay-statues-of-love-in-10-cities-across-india|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The storyline took an eight years leap in February 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 all set to take a leap of 8 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-all-set-to-take-a-leap-of-8-years/articleshow/74472762.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422022252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-all-set-to-take-a-leap-of-8-years/articleshow/74472762.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Casting===<br /> [[Erica Fernandes]] was cast to portray Prerna Sharma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-remake-erica-fernandes-5252287/|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay remake: Erica Fernandes shoots for teaser of the Ekta Kapoor show|website=The Indian Express|date=25 September 2018|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012042356/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-remake-erica-fernandes-5252287/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, [[Parth Samthaan]] was confirmed to play Anurag Basu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/parth-samthaan-anurag-basu-kasautii-zindagii-kay-reboot-5269028/|title=Parth Samthaan confirmed to play Anurag in Kasautii Zindagii Kay reboot|website=The Indian Express|date=25 September 2018|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726083548/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/parth-samthaan-anurag-basu-kasautii-zindagii-kay-reboot-5269028/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|I had a few personality traits in mind for Anurag and Prerna. Anurag had to be the kind of man who doesn't scream to get noticed, but once you notice him, he's unforgettable. For me, Parth was an obvious choice because he has unbelievable eyes. I have not seen a man whose eyes reflect that depth even in photographs. Prerna is someone who comes across as light-hearted, but has a lot of depth. When I saw the promo of Erica's show, ''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'', I knew I wanted to cast her.|[[Ekta Kapoor]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.mid-day.com/articles/ekta-kapoor-kasautii-zindagii-kay-was-a-better-story-than-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi/19855194|title=Ekta Kapoor: Kasautii Zindagii Kay was a better story than Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi|website=Mid-day|date=2 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> [[Uday Tikekar]], [[Shubhaavi Choksey]], [[Kali Prasad Mukherjee]], Kanupriya Pandit, [[Pooja Banerjee]] and [[Sahil Anand]] were cast to play prominent roles of Moloy Basu, Mohini Basu, Rajesh Sharma, Veena Sharma, Nivedita Basu and Anupam Sengupta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/erica-fernandes-as-prerna-parth-samthaan-as-anurag-heres-the-cast-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-tv-news/289130|title=Erica Fernandes as Prerna, Parth Samthaan as Anurag; here's the cast of Kasautii Zindagii Kay|website=Times Now|date=26 September 2018 |access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008153511/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/erica-fernandes-as-prerna-parth-samthaan-as-anurag-heres-the-cast-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-tv-news/289130|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2018, [[Hina Khan]] was introduced as Komolika Chaubey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-komolika-first-look-5401336/|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: Ekta Kapoor reveals Hina Khan's look as Komolika|work=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235505/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-komolika-first-look-5401336/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2019, [[Karan Singh Grover]] was introduced as Rishabh Bajaj.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay: Karan Singh Grover joins the team as Mr. Bajaj; starts shooting|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-karan-singh-grover-joins-the-team-as-mr-bajaj-starts-shooting/articleshow/69693378.cms|website=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Initially, Upasana Salunke played Tapur Basu but was soon replaced by Priyal Mahajan, who was again replaced by Aastha Abhay in April 2019 and yet again replaced by [[Garima Parihar]] in March 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: Aastha Abhay to REPLACE Priyal Mahajan as Tapur Basu?|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-aastha-abhay-to-replace-priyal-mahajan-as-tapur-basu-will-play-parth-samthaan-on-screen-sister-964380|website=ABP News|date=13 April 2019|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193116/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-aastha-abhay-to-replace-priyal-mahajan-as-tapur-basu-will-play-parth-samthaan-on-screen-sister-964380|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: THIS Actress To Get REPLACED In Erica Fernandes &amp; Parth Samthaan's Show|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-garima-parihar-to-replace-aastha-abhay-as-tapur-in-erica-fernandes-parth-samthaan-show-1168932|website=ABP News|date=3 March 2020|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=24 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824075511/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-garima-parihar-to-replace-aastha-abhay-as-tapur-in-erica-fernandes-parth-samthaan-show-1168932|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2019, [[Hina Khan]] took a break from the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-i-am-not-quitting-kasautii/articleshow/67831084.cms|title=Hina Khan: I am not quitting Kasautii|website=The Times of India|last1=Trivedi|first1=Tanvi|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531081034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-i-am-not-quitting-kasautii/articleshow/67831084.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-gets-emotional-on-the-last-day-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-says-will-miss-everyone/articleshow/69295058.cms|title=Hina Khan gets emotional on the last day of Kasautii Zindagii Kay shoot; says will miss everyone|website=The Times of India|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901045023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-gets-emotional-on-the-last-day-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-says-will-miss-everyone/articleshow/69295058.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in September 2019, Khan confirmed quiting the show and was replaced by [[Aamna Sharif]] as Komolika Chaubey in October 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www-timesnownews-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.timesnownews.com/amp/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/confirmed-aamna-sharif-to-replace-hina-khan-as-komolika-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay/495292?usqp=mq331AQCKAE=&amp;amp_js_v=0.1|title=Confirmed! Aamna Sharif to replace Hina Khan as Komolika in Kasautii Zindagii Kay|website=Times Now}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Namik Paul]] was supposed to enter the series in April 2019 as Vikrant Sinha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Namik Paul on choosing Kasauti Zindagi Kay over supernatural: Did not want to repeat myself|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/namik-paul-on-choosing-kasauti-zindagi-kay-over-supernatural-did-not-want-to-repeat-myself-1498228-2019-04-10#ip=1|website=India Today| date=10 April 2019 |access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231075552/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/namik-paul-on-choosing-kasauti-zindagi-kay-over-supernatural-did-not-want-to-repeat-myself-1498228-2019-04-10#ip=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he chose the lead role in ''[[Kavach (TV series)|Kavach: Maha Shivratri]]'' over ''Kasautii''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Namik Paul opts out of 'Kasautii Zindagii Kay', to enter 'Kavach season 2' opposite Deepika Singh!|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/namik-paul-opts-out-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-to-enter-kavach-season-2-opposite-deepika-singh-963444|website=ABP News|date=12 April 2019|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924023939/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/namik-paul-opts-out-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay-to-enter-kavach-season-2-opposite-deepika-singh-963444|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siddharth Shivpuri was then cast to play Vikrant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Not Varun Toorkey, but Siddharth Shivpuri to join 'Kasautii Zindagii Kay'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-varun-toorkey-but-siddharth-shivpuri-to-join-kasautii-zindagii-kay/articleshow/68942174.cms|website=The Times of India|last1=Maheshwri|first1=Neha|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604113817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-varun-toorkey-but-siddharth-shivpuri-to-join-kasautii-zindagii-kay/articleshow/68942174.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2020, Paul finally joined the cast, this time as Viraj Bhardwaj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kasautii-zindagii-kay-star-erica-fernandes-has-fun-with-new-co-star-namik-paul-see-pics-1632809-2019-12-31|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay star Erica Fernandes has fun with new co-star Namik Paul. See pics|website=India Today|date=31 December 2019 |language=en|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231075543/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/celebrity/story/kasautii-zindagii-kay-star-erica-fernandes-has-fun-with-new-co-star-namik-paul-see-pics-1632809-2019-12-31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2020, [[Karan Singh Grover]] returned to play Rishabh Bajaj after his break.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-singh-grover-returns-to-kasautii-zindagii-kay-fans-welcome-back-mr-bajaj/articleshow/74455335.cms|title=Karan Singh Grover returns to Kasautii Zindagii Kay; fans welcome back Mr Bajaj|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193117/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-singh-grover-returns-to-kasautii-zindagii-kay-fans-welcome-back-mr-bajaj/articleshow/74455335.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Post his return, the series took an eight-year leap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-confirms-anurag-will-kill-prerna-in-kasautii-zindagi-kayy-viewers-will-see-betrayal-at-its-peak/story-b3QP9uQhejTUq1Dd4hls1K.html|title=Ekta Kapoor confirms Anurag will kill Prerna in Kasautii Zindagi Kayy: 'Viewers will see betrayal at its peak'|website=Hindustan Times|date=25 February 2020|language=en|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304110638/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-confirms-anurag-will-kill-prerna-in-kasautii-zindagi-kayy-viewers-will-see-betrayal-at-its-peak/story-b3QP9uQhejTUq1Dd4hls1K.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Various new additions were introduced including [[Parull Chaudhry]], Kunal Thakur, [[Urfi Javed]], Sumaiya Khan, Mridul Das and Minal Mogam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-confirms-anurag-will-kill-prerna-in-kasautii-zindagi-kayy-viewers-will-see-betrayal-at-its-peak/story-b3QP9uQhejTUq1Dd4hls1K.html|title=Ekta Kapoor confirms Anurag will kill Prerna in Kasautii Zindagi Kayy: 'Viewers will see betrayal at its peak'|website=Hindustan Times|date=25 February 2020|language=en|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304110638/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ekta-kapoor-confirms-anurag-will-kill-prerna-in-kasautii-zindagi-kayy-viewers-will-see-betrayal-at-its-peak/story-b3QP9uQhejTUq1Dd4hls1K.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay takes 8-year leap, gets fresh faces in cast|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kasautii-zindagii-kay-takes-8-year-leap-gets-fresh-faces-in-cast-1652935-2020-03-06|website=India Today|date=6 March 2020 |access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327051217/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kasautii-zindagii-kay-takes-8-year-leap-gets-fresh-faces-in-cast-1652935-2020-03-06|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai' Actress Urfi Javed To Enter 'Kasautii Zindagii Kay' Post Leap?|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actress-urfi-javed-to-enter-parth-samthaan-erica-fernandess-show-1168769|website=ABP News|date=3 March 2020|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924173406/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actress-urfi-javed-to-enter-parth-samthaan-erica-fernandess-show-1168769|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay: THIS Shakti-Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki Actress To Play Anurag &amp; Prerna's Daughter|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-shakti-astitva-ke-ehsaas-ki-sumaiya-khan-to-play-anurag-prerna-daughter-in-erica-fernandes-show-1175211|website=ABP Live|date=14 March 2020|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002150032/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-shakti-astitva-ke-ehsaas-ki-sumaiya-khan-to-play-anurag-prerna-daughter-in-erica-fernandes-show-1175211|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2020, when filming was about to resume post the halt owing to the [[Coronavirus disease 2019|coronavirus pandemic]], it was confirmed that Grover will not be returning.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=After Karan Singh Grover's Exit, Gaurav Chopraa In Talks To Play Mr Bajaj In Kasautii Zindagii Kay|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/after-karan-singh-grovers-exit-gaurav-chopraa-in-talks-to-play-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay/22846223|website=Mid Day|date=18 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618123141/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/after-karan-singh-grovers-exit-gaurav-chopraa-in-talks-to-play-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay/22846223|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 25 June 2020, [[Karan Patel]] was confirmed to be replacing Grover as Rishabh Bajaj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karan Patel is the new Mr Bajaj in Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: 'Honour to take it ahead from where Ronit Roy, Karan Singh Grover left'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/karan-patel-is-the-new-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-honour-to-take-it-ahead-from-where-ronit-roy-karan-singh-grover-left/story-4PHw84L4aTxL8eMQLlNNHN.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=25 June 2020|access-date=25 June 2020|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625230801/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/karan-patel-is-the-new-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-honour-to-take-it-ahead-from-where-ronit-roy-karan-singh-grover-left/story-4PHw84L4aTxL8eMQLlNNHN.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karan Patel on playing Mr Bajaj in Kasautii Zindagii Kay: I'm quite excited|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/karan-patel-on-playing-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-i-m-quite-excited-1696242-2020-07-02|website=India Today|date=2 July 2020 |language=en|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703182534/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/soaps/story/karan-patel-on-playing-mr-bajaj-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-i-m-quite-excited-1696242-2020-07-02|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after, Sumaiya Khan was replaced by Tasheen Shah as Sneha Basu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay: Anurag and Prerna's daughter Sumaiya Khan replaced by Tasheen Khan|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kasautii-zindagii-kay-anurag-prernas-daughter-sumaiya-khan-replaced-tasheen-khan/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 June 2020|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702043839/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kasautii-zindagii-kay-anurag-prernas-daughter-sumaiya-khan-replaced-tasheen-khan/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kunal Thakur, also decided to not return to shoot owing to the pandemic and was replaced by Akash Jagga as Kaushik Basu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay's Kunal Thakur quits show: 'I would like to stay at home till the scare settles'|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-s-kunal-thakur-quits-show-i-would-like-to-stay-at-home-till-the-scare-settles/story-tBP7s17rXaMUGYntNnH6KO.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=5 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jaipur boy Akash Jagga joins Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jaipur-boy-akash-jagga-joins-tv-show-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2/articleshow/77635967.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Shukla|first1=Richa|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819180551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jaipur-boy-akash-jagga-joins-tv-show-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2/articleshow/77635967.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sahil Anand]], who played Anupam Sengupta also confirmed not returning post the outbreak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sahil Anand Quits Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Didn't Shoot for New Episodes Post Lockdown|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sahil-anand-quits-kasautii-zindagii-kay-didnt-shoot-for-new-episodes-post-lockdown-2797031.html|website=CNN-NEWS18|date=18 August 2020|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201005520/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sahil-anand-quits-kasautii-zindagii-kay-didnt-shoot-for-new-episodes-post-lockdown-2797031.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; But he decided to return in September 2020 to wrap up the series, which went off air on 3 October 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title='Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2' to wrap up on October 3, Sahil Anand returns to the show after six months|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasuatii-zindagii-kay-2-to-wrap-up-on-november-3-sahil-anand-returns-to-the-show-after-six-months/articleshow/78023028.cms|website=The Times of India|last1=Maheshwri|first1=Neha|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910042350/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasuatii-zindagii-kay-2-to-wrap-up-on-november-3-sahil-anand-returns-to-the-show-after-six-months/articleshow/78023028.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Filming===<br /> Kasautii was mainly filmed in [[Mumbai]] in Killick Nixon Studio but certain scenes were shot in [[Kolkata]] as the show's storyline was based in [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-shooting-kicks-off-here-are-the-first-pics-1316187-2018-08-16|title=Kasauti Zindagi Kay 2 shooting kicks off; here are the first pics|website=India Today|date=16 August 2018 |language=en|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608045202/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-shooting-kicks-off-here-are-the-first-pics-1316187-2018-08-16|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The promo which featured [[Shah Rukh Khan]] introducing [[Parth Samthaan]] and [[Erica Fernandes]] as Anurag and Prerna was shot at Mumbai's [[Kelve Road railway station|Kelve Railway Station]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasauti Zindagi Kay 2: Did Shah Rukh Khan charge this whopping amount for show's trailer?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-did-shah-rukh-khan-charge-this-whopping-amount-for-show-s-trailer-1324422-2018-08-27|website=India Today|date=27 August 2018 |access-date=25 June 2020|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628233821/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-did-shah-rukh-khan-charge-this-whopping-amount-for-show-s-trailer-1324422-2018-08-27|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Parth Samthaan]], [[Erica Fernandes]], [[Karan Singh Grover]], [[Pooja Banerjee]], [[Sahil Anand]] and Tarun Mahilani flew to [[Zürich]] in June 2019 to shoot the [[Switzerland]] track.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-in-switzerland-parth-samthaan-erica-fernandes-and-karan-singh-grover-shoot-in-the-magnificent-rhine-falls/articleshow/70000962.cms|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay in Switzerland: Parth Samthaan, Erica Fernandes and Karan Singh Grover shoot in the magnificent Rhine Falls|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702184535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-in-switzerland-parth-samthaan-erica-fernandes-and-karan-singh-grover-shoot-in-the-magnificent-rhine-falls/articleshow/70000962.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 12 July 2020, [[Parth Samthaan]] was tested positive for [[Coronavirus disease 2019|coronavirus]] and the shooting of the series was halted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parth Samthaan tests positive for Covid-19, Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 shoot stopped|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/parth-samthaan-tests-positive-for-covid-19-kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-stopped/story-EmSvUXA7pDXfXmwqMoDj5K.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=12 July 2020|access-date=12 July 2020|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712120257/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/parth-samthaan-tests-positive-for-covid-19-kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-stopped/story-EmSvUXA7pDXfXmwqMoDj5K.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting was resumed on 17 July 2020 while the story was tweaked for Samthaan's absence until his return.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay shoot to resume today, writers tweak storyline until Parth Samthaan's return|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-to-resume-today-writers-tweak-storyline-until-parth-samthaan-s-return-source/story-F2sPhuoY0EgH6CE0ErluoM.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=17 July 2020|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=20 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720062114/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-shoot-to-resume-today-writers-tweak-storyline-until-parth-samthaan-s-return-source/story-F2sPhuoY0EgH6CE0ErluoM.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Erica Fernandes]] and [[Aamna Sharif]] tested negative but were advised to shoot from their respective homes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Erica Fernandes shoots for Kasautii Zindagii Kay from home, reveals her 'only challenge'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/erica-fernandes-shoots-for-kasautii-zindagii-kay-from-home-reveals-her-only-challenge/story-rHdTcLEfrMbubNTyD3SPiM.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=24 July 2020|language=en|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803184129/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/erica-fernandes-shoots-for-kasautii-zindagii-kay-from-home-reveals-her-only-challenge/story-rHdTcLEfrMbubNTyD3SPiM.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a week, Fernandes decided to resume shooting on the sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Erica Fernandes: Shooting alone was affecting my performance, so I decided to return to the sets|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/erica-fernandes-shooting-alone-was-affecting-my-performance-so-i-decided-to-return-to-the-sets/articleshow/77381104.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Maheshwri|first1=Neha|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922183647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/erica-fernandes-shooting-alone-was-affecting-my-performance-so-i-decided-to-return-to-the-sets/articleshow/77381104.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On recovering and testing negative, Samthaan quarantined himself for two weeks and returned to shoot on 6 August 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parth Samthaan shares health update after recovering from Covid-19: 'I feel much better'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/parth-samthaan-shares-health-update-after-recovering-from-covid-19-i-feel-much-better/story-vtEMoa4tggbbXyBrZNTJCP.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=26 July 2020|language=en|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807030702/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/parth-samthaan-shares-health-update-after-recovering-from-covid-19-i-feel-much-better/story-vtEMoa4tggbbXyBrZNTJCP.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay's Parth Samthaan resumes shoot; see first pictures from the sets|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kays-parth-samthaan-resumes-shoot-see-first-pictures-from-the-sets/articleshow/77375258.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924122958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kays-parth-samthaan-resumes-shoot-see-first-pictures-from-the-sets/articleshow/77375258.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The shooting of the series wrapped up on 18 September 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Exclusive – Pooja Banerjee on Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 shoot wrap-up: We can't even have a proper farewell party because of Covid-19|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-pooja-banerjee-on-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-shoot-wrap-up-we-cant-even-have-a-proper-farewell-party-because-of-covid-19/articleshow/78187464.cms|website=The Times of India|last1=Mondal|first1=Sukarna|access-date=20 September 2020|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919143816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-pooja-banerjee-on-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-shoot-wrap-up-we-cant-even-have-a-proper-farewell-party-because-of-covid-19/articleshow/78187464.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Broadcast===<br /> ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay'' was supposed to premiere on 10 September 2018, but was postponed to 25 September 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-gets-postponed-to-september-25-erica-fernandes-and-parth-samthaan-s-first-look-out-see-pics-2653762|title='Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2' gets postponed to September 25, Erica Fernandes and Parth Samthaan's first look out|website=Daily News Analysis|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205180842/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-gets-postponed-to-september-25-erica-fernandes-and-parth-samthaan-s-first-look-out-see-pics-2653762|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 19 March 2020, the shoot of the series was indefinitely halted due to the [[Coronavirus disease 2019|coronavirus outbreak]] the airing halted on 23 March 2020 when the remaining episodes were broadcast.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} After more than three months, the filming of the series was resumed on 27 June 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parth Samthaan is back on the sets of Kasautii Zindagii Kay|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/parth-samthaan-is-back-on-the-sets-of-kasautii-zindagi-kay-6478932/|website=The Indian Express|date=27 June 2020|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701115243/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/parth-samthaan-is-back-on-the-sets-of-kasautii-zindagi-kay-6478932/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Coronavirus Effect: Kasautii Zindagii Kay crew work with mask on|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/coronavirus-effect-kasautii-zindagii-kay-crew-work-with-mask-on/articleshow/74611054.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703160948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/coronavirus-effect-kasautii-zindagii-kay-crew-work-with-mask-on/articleshow/74611054.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; New episodes started airing from 13 July 2020 on [[Star Plus]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br /> <br /> ===Cancellation===<br /> With a drastic decrease in ratings post the [[coronavirus outbreak]], in September 2020 the series was confirmed to go off air in October 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BAD NEWS! Erica Fernandes-Parth Samthaan's Kasautii Zindagi Kay 2 To Go Off-Air In October; Last Day Is Announced!|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/erica-fernandes-parth-samthaans-kasautii-zindagi-kay-2-to-go-off-air-in-october-last-day-is-announced-1332710|website=ABP News|date=7 September 2020|access-date=7 September 2020|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910223412/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/erica-fernandes-parth-samthaans-kasautii-zindagi-kay-2-to-go-off-air-in-october-last-day-is-announced-1332710|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The last episode of Kasautii aired on 3 October 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: Charvi Saraf confirms Kasautii Zindagii Kay to end on THIS date|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-charvi-saraf-confirms-kasautii-zindagii-kay-end-date/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 September 2020|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920042644/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-charvi-saraf-confirms-kasautii-zindagii-kay-end-date/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> Shweta Kesari from ''[[India Today]]'' said, &quot;Parth Samthaan and Erica Fernandes beautifully fit into the shoes of punctual Anurag and carefree Prerna. The grandeur and magnificence of the show will make your jaw drop. The makers have tried to retain the essence of Kolkata and Bengalis. Overall the show is a complete package of entertainment for soap viewers!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-review-parth-erica-shine-in-this-retelling-of-the-epic-love-saga-1349659-2018-09-26|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 first episode review: Parth-Erica shine in this retelling of the epic love saga|website=India Today|date=26 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001021726/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/kasauti-zindagi-kay-2-review-parth-erica-shine-in-this-retelling-of-the-epic-love-saga-1349659-2018-09-26|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Soumya Srivastava from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' described the show as &quot;louder and garnish&quot; and said, &quot;The background score is excessive. It plays without reason and way too often. Whether the scene demands it or not, a joyful, somber or a comical tone is always there to force your brain into thinking that this is how you are supposed to feel right now.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-episode-1-review-there-was-no-room-for-it-but-things-have-become-worse/story-rScd2GNV4DAmg8L1zdHCSP.html|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 episode 1 review: There was no room for it but things have become worse|website=Hindustan Times|date=26 September 2018|language=en|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620040032/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-episode-1-review-there-was-no-room-for-it-but-things-have-become-worse/story-rScd2GNV4DAmg8L1zdHCSP.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Times Now]]'' commented that, &quot;The reboot takes you in the lives of Anurag and Prerna that were part of our every day lives and the first episode is all about nostalgia of the epic [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/episode-updates/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-or-kasauti-zindagi-ki-full-comparative-review-of-first-episode/10837|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 Or Kasauti Zindagii Kay? Full Review|website=Times Now|language=en-GB|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608051623/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/episode-updates/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-or-kasauti-zindagi-ki-full-comparative-review-of-first-episode/10837|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Priyanka Bansal from ''[[The Quint]]'' stated, &quot;Both Erica Fernandes and Parth Samthaan are new and have huge shoes to fill. More often than not, Erica looks bored and still has a long way to go with her acting skills. The chemistry between Parth and Erica too seems to be lacking. When it comes to production values, it of course shows primarily in the sets. As OTT and royal as they come, they scream money from the rooftops.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2': What Makes the Reboot Hot (Or Not)?|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-early-review-ekta-kapoor-comeback|website=[[The Quint]]|date=26 September 2018|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716102232/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-early-review-ekta-kapoor-comeback|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, &quot;Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 has a cinematic appeal. The visuals and the sets are grand. The difference in the financial status of Anurag and Prerna is well brought-out through their homes and familial set-up. Even though the show moves at a swift pace, it is the long introduction of characters in the beginning that is bound to make you impatient. Erica and Parth look their part, yet there is more one wants to see out of them in the upcoming episodes. The first episode is a breezy watch and keeps you hooked.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 first episode review: Erica Fernandes and Parth Samthaan's show keeps you hooked|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-first-episode-review-erica-fernandes-and-parth-samthaans-show-keeps-you-hooked/articleshow/65961005.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Banga|first1=Gursimran Kaur|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905185907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-first-episode-review-erica-fernandes-and-parth-samthaans-show-keeps-you-hooked/articleshow/65961005.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Kasautii Zindagii Kay&lt;br&gt;Original Soundtrack<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = Priya Bhattacharya&lt;br&gt;[[Babul Supriyo]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = <br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]]&lt;br&gt;[[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | label = <br /> | producer = Priya Bhattacharya&lt;br&gt;[[Babul Supriyo]]<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay''{{'}}s title track was sung and recreated by the composers and singers of the original series, [[Babul Supriyo]] and Priya Bhattacharya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Must watch: The making of Kasauti Zindagi Kay reboot title track will make you nostalgic|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/must-watch-the-making-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-title-track-will-make-you-nostalgic-1310979-2018-08-10|website=India Today|date=10 August 2018 |access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410213353/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/must-watch-the-making-of-kasauti-zindagi-kay-reboot-title-track-will-make-you-nostalgic-1310979-2018-08-10|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: MEET the singer of the show's melodious title track|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-meet-the-singer-of-the-shows-melodious-title-track-789363|website=ABP News|date=12 August 2018|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412075626/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-meet-the-singer-of-the-shows-melodious-title-track-789363|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Adaptations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;<br /> |+<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Language !! Channel <br /> !Notes!! Reference<br /> |-<br /> | 2019–2020<br /> |''Premaloka''<br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |[[Star Suvarna]]<br /> |Remake version starring [[Vijay Suriya|Vijay Suirya]] and Ankita Navya Gowda<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/vijay-suriya-in-the-remake-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay/articleshow/69826185.cms|title=Vijay Suriya in the remake of Kasautii Zindagii Kay|website=Times of India|last1=Daithota|first1=Madhu|access-date=5 October 2019|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621101641/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/vijay-suriya-in-the-remake-of-kasautii-zindagii-kay/articleshow/69826185.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-show-premaloka-to-premiere-today/articleshow/70329505.cms|title=New show 'Premaloka' to premiere today|website=Times of India|access-date=5 October 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810064838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-show-premaloka-to-premiere-today/articleshow/70329505.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nominations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Nominee<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Reference<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=24|2019<br /> |rowspan=10|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br /> |Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Parth Samthaan]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=7|<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Daily Series (Popular)<br /> |[[Balaji Telefilms]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress In Supporting Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Shubhavi Choksey]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Comic Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Sahil Anand]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actress in Negative Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Shubhavi Choksey]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Negative Role (Popular)<br /> |[[Sanjay Swaraj]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Jodi (Popular)<br /> |[[Parth Samthaan]] &amp; [[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=3|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/|title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Winners|website=The Indian Express|date=21 March 2019|language=en-IN|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401071120/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress In Negative Role (Jury)<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Hina Khan]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actress In Negative Role (Popular)<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=9|[[Gold Awards]]<br /> |Best Actor Male (Popular)<br /> |[[Parth Samthaan]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor Female (Popular)<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor Female (Critics)<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gold-awards-2019-hina-khan-karan-singh-grover-erica-fernandes-win-big-kapil-sharma-bags-best-comedy-show-see-pics/story-Vja98UTVbyfdEIzwR49eHM.html|title=Gold Awards 2019: Hina Khan, Karan Singh Grover, Erica Fernandes win big. See pics|website=Hindustan Times|date=12 October 2019|language=en|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025071243/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gold-awards-2019-hina-khan-karan-singh-grover-erica-fernandes-win-big-kapil-sharma-bags-best-comedy-show-see-pics/story-Vja98UTVbyfdEIzwR49eHM.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Onscreen Jodi (Popular)<br /> |[[Parth Samthaan]] &amp; [[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Supporting Role (Male)<br /> |[[Uday Tikekar]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Supporting Role (Female)<br /> |[[Pooja Banerjee]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Comic Role (Male)<br /> |[[Sahil Anand]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Negative Role (Female)<br /> |[[Hina Khan]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=2|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/hina-khan-sunny-leone-and-surbhi-chandna-win-big-at-gold-awards-2019-6065482/|title=Hina Khan, Karan Singh Grover, Sunny Leone win big at Gold Awards 2019|website=The Indian Express|date=13 October 2019|language=en-US|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022013051/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/hina-khan-sunny-leone-and-surbhi-chandna-win-big-at-gold-awards-2019-6065482/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor In Negative Role (Male)<br /> |[[Karan Singh Grover]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br /> |[[Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress (Popular)]]<br /> |[[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[ITA Award for Best Show Popular|Best Show (Popular)]]<br /> |[[Balaji Telefilms]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Asian Viewers Television Awards]]<br /> |Male Actor Of The Year<br /> |[[Parth Samthaan]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Female Actor Of The Year<br /> |[[Erica Fernandes]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/erica-fernandes-and-harshad-chopda-win-big-at-a-tv-award-function-in-london/articleshow/72122719.cms|title=Erica Fernandes and Harshad Chopda win big at Asian Viewers Television Awards in London|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122002511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/erica-fernandes-and-harshad-chopda-win-big-at-a-tv-award-function-in-london/articleshow/72122719.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Soap Of The Year<br /> |[[Balaji Telefilms]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|8729932}}<br /> {{StarPlus Shows}}<br /> {{Balaji Telefilms}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:StarPlus original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Kasautii Zindagii Kay| ]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hothat_Brishti&diff=462012 2026-03-23T17:55:20Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: corrected section for consistency per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1998 Bengali romance movie directed by Basu Chatterjee}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Hothat Brishti<br /> | image = Hothat Brishti (1998).jpg<br /> | caption = DVD cover of the film<br /> | director = [[Basu Chatterjee]]<br /> | producer = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Gramco Films (India)<br /> * Ashirbad Chalachchitra (Bangladesh)<br /> }}<br /> | writer = S. Ahathian<br /> | story = [[Agathiyan]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Ferdous Ahmed]]<br /> * [[Priyanka Trivedi]]<br /> * [[Sreelekha Mitra]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = [[Nachiketa Chakraborty]]&lt;br&gt; '''Lyrics &lt;br&gt;Hindi Song Ruka Ja'''&lt;br&gt;[[Sanjeev Tiwari]]<br /> | cinematography = Shirsha Roy<br /> | editing = Satish Patnakar<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1998}}<br /> | runtime = 150 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hothat Brishti''''' ({{translation| ''Sudden Rain''}}) is an Indian [[Bengali-language]] [[romance film]] released in 1998 under the direction of [[Basu Chatterjee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hothat Brishti made me the Ferdous I am |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/hothat-brishti-made-me-the-ferdous-i-am-28269 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617053125/http://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/hothat-brishti-made-me-the-ferdous-i-am-28269 |archive-date=17 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a remake of the 1996 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Kadhal Kottai]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 May 2019|title=All you need to know about Bangladeshi actor Ferdous Ahmed who sparked controversy in India|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/all-you-need-to-know-about-bangladeshi-actor-ferdous-ahmed-who-sparked-controversy-in-india|access-date=25 October 2021|website=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was produced by [[Indo-Bangladesh joint production|both Bangladesh and India]] and featured [[Ferdous Ahmed]], [[Priyanka Trivedi]] and [[Sreelekha Mitra]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/hathat-brishti-movie/15032|title=Hathat Brishti (1998)|website=gomolo.com|access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> <br /> Deepa Nandy ([[Priyanka Trivedi]]) lives in [[Taramati Baradari|Taramati]] with her sister and brother in law Premendra ([[Raisul Islam Asad]]). Tired of being a burden on her relatives, Deepa goes to [[Kolkata]] to look for a job. She stays with her friend Aruna. Despite appearing at a number of interviews, she does not manage to get a job and decides to go back to Taramati. On her way back, a pickpocket snatches her bag from the train window. This bag contained all her certificates. The co-passengers chip in to pay for her ticket and she manages to reach home. Her brother-in-law makes a sarcastic remark on seeing her back.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Ajit Choudhury ([[Ferdous Ahmed]]) boards the train to go to [[Jaisalmer]]. Incidentally the pickpocket had thrown Deepa's bag into the train after taking the money. Ajit finds the bag. During Ajit's discussions with a co-passenger we come to know that Ajit is an orphan. He has a curious hobby of collecting people's names and birthdays and sending them birthday cards.<br /> <br /> Ajit arrives at [[Jaisalmer]] and meets Haradhan Kundu or Kundu Singh ([[Manoj Mitra]]). Kundu Singh's grandfather had come from [[Dhaka]] and set up a hotel. However, the business floundered and Kundu's job became to help visitors get hotels etc. Kundu Singh arranges a room for Ajit. Here Ajit meets Rupmati, who lives next door.<br /> <br /> Ajit sends Deepa's bag with the certificates to her. Deepa is overjoyed and sends back a thank you note. This exchange of letters continues and Ajit and Deepa fall in love with each other. Meanwhile, Rupmati ([[June Malia]]) is infatuated with Ajit and tries to learn Bengali phrases from Kundu Singh to impress Ajit. But when Kundu Singh tells Rupmati about Ajit's postal affair with Deepa, Rupmati is infuriated and confronts Ajit.<br /> <br /> Ajit calls up Deepa every Sunday and Deepa send a T-shirt to Ajit so that she can recognize Ajit. Meanwhile, Deepa gets another interview call. Her brother in law Premendra arranges for the money to go to Kolkata and tells Deepa's sister that he will be glad if Deepa gets a job and has already identified a match for her. Over in Jaisalmer, Ajit is asked by the company MD to take new responsibility in factory to manage union troubles. Union leaders threaten Ajit. Ajit tries to quit job and go back to [[Kolkata]]. The company gives him a transfer instead to Kolkata. Rupmati asks for his forgiveness before Ajit leaves for Kolkata.<br /> <br /> Ajit bumps into Deepa (literally) at the train station but they don't recognize each other. Deepa harbours a dislike for Ajit and tries to avoid him even though they meet accidentally. Preeti ([[Sreelekha Mitra]]) is the daughter of the MD of Ajit's company. Preeti flirts with Ajit. Ajit discourages Preeti and spurns her advances. Preeti gets a job in Singapore but does not want to leave Kolkata. Deepa goes back to Taramati. A letter from Deepa for Ajit gets into the hands of Preeti.<br /> <br /> Ajit is not able to get a job and decides to drive a taxi in the meantime. Deepa's brother-in-law brings a marriage proposal for Deepa. Deepa meets the proposed candidate and tells him about Ajit. Deepa goes to Kolkata to look for Ajit. She goes to look for Aruna but Aruna wasn't home. Deepa gets into Ajit's taxi to go to Ajit's former office but still does not recognize him. Preeti gives Deepa the address of Ajit's former colleague and roommate. Deepa goes to meet Ajit's former colleague, who happens to be Prabodh ([[Shahin Alam]]), who had once proposed to Deepa. Prabodh (Kunal) reassures Deepa that he will try to find Ajit.<br /> <br /> Deepa gets drenched in rain and goes in Ajit's taxi to his friend's house. Ajit gives Deepa the sari he had bought for her without knowing her identity. As AJit was drenched too, he wears the T-shirt Deepa had sent him but covers it with a shawl. Deepa goes back to Aruna's house but she had not returned. So Deepa decides to go back to Taramati.<br /> <br /> Deepa's friend gets into the taxi of Ajit's friend. They come to know that their friends Ajit and Deepa love each other. Aruna gets the letter from Deepa and decides to go to the station to meet Deepa. Just as the train is leaving, Ajit removes his shawl and Deepa recognizes the T-shirt. She runs into Ajit's arms as the credits roll.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Ferdous Ahmed]] as Ajith Choudhury<br /> * [[Priyanka Trivedi]] as Deepa Nandy<br /> * [[Sreelekha Mitra]] as Preety<br /> * [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]] as Basab<br /> * [[Raisul Islam Asad]] as Premendra Nandy<br /> * [[Manoj Mitra]] as Kundu Singh<br /> * [[Shahin Alam]] as Sourabh<br /> * [[June Malia]] as Rupamati <br /> * [[Amol Bose]] as Telephone shop owner<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> * Lyrics and Music: [[Nachiketa Chakraborty]]<br /> * Hindi Song: [[Sanjeev Tiwari]]<br /> * Singer: [[Nachiketa Chakraborty]], Saoli Mitra, Shikha Bose, Swastika Mitra<br /> <br /> ==Critical reception==<br /> ''Hothat Brishti'' was a success both in India and Bangladesh. This movie raised the leading Bangladeshi film star [[Ferdous Ahmed]] to stardom.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{IMDB title|tt4744132}}<br /> <br /> {{Basu Chatterjee}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1998 films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali remakes of Tamil films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Bangladeshi films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Basu Chatterjee]]<br /> [[Category:1998 Bengali-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi remakes of Tamil films]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi remakes of Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Films about letters (message)]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valli_(TV_series)&diff=543458 2026-03-20T03:39:46Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new first article with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Valli serial.jpg<br /> | image_alt =<br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Soap opera]] &lt;br&gt; [[Romance (love)]]<br /> | starring = [[Vidhya Mohan]] &lt;br&gt; Sachin &lt;br&gt; Rani &lt;br&gt; Raj Kumar. <br /> | creator = <br /> | writer = '''Dialogues by''' &lt;br&gt; V.Srinivasan &lt;br&gt; Manohar &lt;br&gt; Joegeorge &lt;br&gt; M.P. Karthikayan &lt;br&gt; Balathangam &lt;br&gt; Selvam &lt;br&gt; Vasu Bharathi &lt;br&gt; V. Padmavathy<br /> | screenplay = Raj Prabhu &lt;br&gt; K. Shanmugam &lt;br&gt; S. Sekkilar &lt;br&gt; V. Padmavathy<br /> | director = R.P Maradhu (Episodes 1-50) &lt;br&gt; K. Shanmugam (Episodes 51-70) &lt;br&gt; R. Nandhakumar (Episodes 71-233) &lt;br&gt; Hafees (Episode 234-244) &lt;br&gt; N. Sundareshwaran (Episodes 245-1147) &lt;br&gt; Sai Marudhu (Episode 1148-1458) &lt;br&gt; K.J.Thangapandian (Episodes 1459-1881) &lt;br&gt; S. Anand Babu (Episodes 1882-1961)<br /> | creative_director = [[B. R. Vijayalakshmi]] &lt;br&gt; Prince Immanuels <br /> | theme_music_composer = X. Paulraj<br /> | opentheme = &quot;Kaalam Oru Nathiyena&quot;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 1961<br /> | producer = <br /> | cinematography = K.S.Udhaya Shankar &lt;br&gt; M.V.Kalyan<br /> | editor = Muralikrishnan &lt;br&gt; T.A. Gopinath &lt;br&gt; Co.Parandhaman &lt;br&gt; Vinod<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Saregama]]<br /> | network = <br /> | channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|12|17}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2019|9|14}}<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | released = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Valli''''' is a 2012-2019 Indian [[Tamil-language]] [[soap opera]] that premiered on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on 17 December 2012 and ended on 14 September 2019 for 1,961 episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=pgyiQFXFc4s=&amp;ShowType=Category|title=Sun Network program detail - Valli|website=Sun Network}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show starred [[Vidhya Mohan]] and Rani.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/im-glad-to-have-been-part-of-the-longest-running-serial-in-tamil/articleshow/71219847.cms|title='I'm glad to have been part of the longest running serial in Tamil'|date=21 September 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/saregama-inks-12-film-output-deal-with-leading-broadcaster/|title=Valli - Longest running Tamil serial|website=Television Post|access-date=26 February 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085703/https://www.televisionpost.com/saregama-inks-12-film-output-deal-with-leading-broadcaster/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show is produced by [[Saregama]] and directed by N.Sundhareshwaran<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> ''Valli'' portrays the courage shown by a small-town girl who is very simple and ordinary in looks. She runs away from her hometown due to the troubles caused by her maternal uncle as he tries to get Valli married to a local guy for money. Valli starts a fascinating journey seeking fresh hopes in life and an environment to suit herself. She hides her own identity in the new environment and tries settling into a new life without any burdens and sorrows. During this period, there comes a new problem which she had never imaged about.<br /> <br /> Over time, enmity develops between Valli and a female rowdy named Indrasena. Indrasena is waiting for Valli to take revenge at the right time. Meanwhile, a lawyer named Nandan falls in love with Valli. Valli also accepts Nandan's desire for marriage. Both are engaged to be married. All have expressed interest in this marriage except Nandan's mother Banumati. Banumati seeks Indrasena's help to prevent the marriage. Subramani's wife Madhumita maintains a fake friendship with Indrasena to help Valli find out about this.<br /> <br /> Vikram, also known as Vicky, is introduced there as an employee in the wedding hall. Indrasena tries to confuse Valli's marriage with Vicky. Just as Nandan is getting ready to tie the thaali to Valli at the right moment, Vicky unexpectedly snatches the thaali from Nandan's hand and forcibly ties the thaali around Valli's neck. Valli is upset that she is married to someone she does not know. After that, it is revealed that Vicky is a rich family guy who has the temperament to bet on money and do whatever it takes to win, and thus forcibly tied Thaali around Valli's neck in order to win the bet with Indrasena. Indrasena also comes there and challenges Valli saying that she has given a huge life sentence.<br /> <br /> Everyone there, including Nandan, tells Valli about the idea of removing the thaali that was tied against her will and remarrying. However, Valli says that she will never take off the thaali tied around her neck and that she will accept Vicky as her husband and live happily with him, overcoming Indrasena's challenge. Valli accepts Vicky's thaali around her neck and moves to her husband Vicky's house to live with him as his wife. After Valli changes Vicky's mind a little and makes him a responsible man, she starts a husband - wife relationship with him and becomes his wife completely.<br /> <br /> She faces many more challenges from the people where she is currently and her life becomes more miserable than ever when she was in her small town. The story then takes a high twist and turn and runs into a peachy mood and how Valli shows her courage to manage all those problems and come out of the situation forms the crux of the story. Valli dons her twin sister Vennila's identity to solve the problems in her life with the help of an old lady named Rajeswari. Vennila's husband Anand didn't go to school at his young days due to his uncle Sivashankaran's evil plans. Shankar also kills Anand's parents and makes Anand as a foolish and scared of his brother Prakash. Valli helps Anand in his learning with the help of her friend Nandan. Vennila is pregnant and the story moves in that line. Shankar's daughter Shalini marries Arun, with an unknown fact that he has a mother and a younger sister. Her uncle Nithish, who loves her makes a plan to separate Shalini and Arun. All these plans go vain due to the idea of Arun's sister in law Anandhi and his father Natarajan.<br /> <br /> Shankar and Prakash make accident to Anand with the help of Bala. Due to this accident, Anand reaches Coma stage. Sena gets a new enemy named Inspector Karthikeyan. Karthikeyan and Sena become friends because Sena is helping him to find his kidnapped daughter Vandhana. Sena identifies that Vandhana was kidnapped by Balaji, who wants to avenge his sister who had been raped by Arya, famous businessman Kasinathan's son. Sena rescues her and in the meantime, Bala and Sorna ally again to revenge Valli and Vicky. Anand gets cured of Coma stage and takes charge as MD of Anand Group of Companies. Vennila delivers a baby and gets eyesight. Valli-Vicky goes to Yercaud for honeymoon. But the spirit of Umamaheshwari enters Valli, even though Uma is in coma stage. Now Prakash gets all properties of Anand by kidnapping Vennila's son with the help of his father in law GRK. Prakash marries Devi. Vaishali and GRK find out about Prakash's second marriage. Devi becomes MD of Anand Group of Companies. Prakash becomes her assistant. Indrasena also faces numerous problems through Chamundeshwari, her husband Ashok, Ashok's father Singaperumal and later on through Singaperumal's sister Deivanayaki. Indrasena helps to Judge Sivagami because her granddaughter was murdered by Singaperumal. Anand finds out the truth about Valli. Prakash turns good and plots with Valli and Vicky against Sivashankar. But Sivashankar continues to brainwash Anand. Valli gets pregnant.<br /> <br /> Sivashankar implants a bomb in the car in an attempt to kill Vennila. However, Venilla survives and disguises as a male cook by name Singaravelan and joins in Anand's house so that she can expose the true nature of Sivashankar to Anand. Valli's friend Rahul donates his kidney to Azhagamperumal because of kidney failure. But Rahul blackmails Valli and Vicky, he states that the price is Valli's first child. Sivashankar is trying Anand get to marry with a girl Archana although Anand had married. Deivanayaki tries to shoot and kill Indrasena but Sivagami's housemaid Kamala saves Indrasena and Kamala gets shot and dies.then judge sivagami accuses the criminals. Then the life shifts to Valli were the baby of the Valli was adopted to Valli's friend Rahul with the presence of their family. After the critical situation, Rahul gives the baby to Valli and leave their life. Anand appoints an assistant named Archana<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> ===Main===<br /> *[[Uma Shankari|Uma]] (1-234) as Valli → [[Vidhya Mohan|Vidhya Vinu Mohan]] (235-1961) as Valli Vicky and Vennila Anand<br /> *Rani as Indhrasena a.k.a. Sena, famous don, Valli's friend<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *Rajkumar Manoharan as Vikram Azhagamperumal a.k.a. Vicky, Azhagamperumal's son, Valli's husband<br /> *Ajai Kapoor as Anand Chandrasekharan aka Anand, Chandrasekharan's son, Vennila's husband, Prakash's cousin brother.<br /> *[[Jyothi Lakshmi]] → [[Latha (actress)|Latha Sathupathy]] as Rajeshwari, Anand and Prakash's grandmother, Chandrasekharan and Sivashankaran's mother<br /> *Lakshmi Raj as Prakash, Shivashankaran's son, Anand's cousin brother<br /> *[[Poovilangu Mohan]] as Azhagamperumal, Vicky and Geetha's father<br /> *[[Kanya Bharathi]] → Uma Rani as Mythili Azhagamperumal, Azhagamperumal's second wife and Vicky and Geetha's stepmother<br /> *S.Kavitha as Geetha Balasundaram, Vicky's sister, Bala's second wife<br /> *[[S. Rajasekar|Rajasekhar]] → Girish as Sivashankaran, Rajeshwari's second son<br /> *[[Dr. Sharmila]] as Gayathri Sivashankaran, Sivashankaran's wife<br /> *Sasi Anand as Kottaiswamy, Valli's uncle<br /> *[[Subramanian Gopalakrishnan]] as Karthick, Valli's friend <br /> *Dindukal Dhanam → [[Surekha (actress)|Surekha]] as Bhagyam, Valli's mother<br /> *Anuradha Krishnamoorthy as Judge Sivagami<br /> *Dharshini as Poongudi, Valli's mother<br /> *[[Jeeva Ravi]] as Chandrasekharan, Rajeshwari's first son, Anand's father (Dead)<br /> *Niharika as Pavithra, Anand's mother (Dead)<br /> *[[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]] as Sundaram, Indrasena's uncle (Dead) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Other Cast===<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *Manoharan Krishnan as Balasundaram, Geetha's and Nagalakshmi's husband, Mythili's brother<br /> *[[Ujjayinee Roy]] as Chamundeshwari Ashok, Ashok's wife <br /> *Saif as Dileep, Thara's husband<br /> *Pooja → Preethi Kumar as Thara Dileep, Indrasena's niece<br /> *Bharathi Mohan as Singaperumal, Ashok's father<br /> *Nagalakshmi as Nagalakshmi Bala (Bala's first wife) <br /> *Nagu Pinky as Deivanayaki, Singaperumal's sister <br /> *Sreenidhi Sudharsan as Nandhini / Lakshmi<br /> *V. Dasharathy as Josheyar<br /> *Mahalakshmi as Archana, Shivashankaran's assistant<br /> *Baby George as Karpagam, Archana's mother<br /> *VJ Mounika as Vaishali Prakash, Prakash wife, Valli's friend <br /> *S. Sunil Kumar as G.R.K, Vaishali's father<br /> *Nathan Shyam as Rahul, Valli's friend<br /> *Sangeetha Gayathri as Ramya Rahul, Rahul's wife<br /> *Mohana as TV host <br /> *[[Ram G|Ramji]] as Subramaniam Natraj (Subbu)<br /> *[[Indraja]] as Madhumitha Subramaniam, Subramani's wife<br /> *[[V.S. Raghavan]] as Swaminathan, Subramani's grandfather <br /> *Samdani Basha as Mahesh <br /> *Sivan Sreenivasan as Natraj Swaminathan, Subramani's father<br /> *[[Priya (actress)|Priya]] as Lakshmi Natraj, Subramani's mother <br /> *[[Bhavani (actress)|Bhavani]] as Santha, Madhumitha's mother<br /> *Prakash Rajan as Subash<br /> *[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Natarajan, Arun's father <br /> *Sri Vidhya Shankar as Renukadevi, Arun's mother <br /> *Adams as Arun, Shalini's husband<br /> *Tejaswini Shekar → [[Darshana Das]] as Shalini Arun, Sivashankaran's daughter<br /> *Aravind as Aravind, Arun's brother<br /> *Sonia as Anandhi, Aravind's wife<br /> *Suchithra as Suchithra, Arun's sister<br /> *Gopi as Nithish, Shalini's mother <br /> *[[K. S. Jayalakshmi]] as Shanthi <br /> *Monika as Vishnu Vandhana <br /> *Guhan Shanmugam as Balaji <br /> *Manikandan as Arya <br /> *Balasubramani as Inspector Karthikeyan<br /> *Sangeetha Balan as Sorna, female don<br /> *Kasi as Kasinathan<br /> *Sudha Prakash as Lakshmi<br /> *Bobby Bilani as Aditya, Kasinathan's son<br /> *Raja as Mari<br /> *Munisraj as Munisraj detective <br /> *Veena Venkatesh as Umamaheshwari's mother<br /> *Sowmya Sharada as Umamaheshwari<br /> *Rishi as Kishore, Umamaheshwari's lover<br /> *Sumangali as Kishore's mother<br /> *[[Nancy Jennifer]] as Brindha<br /> *Mahesh Prabha as Inspector Arumugam<br /> *Poorni as Jenny<br /> *Archana Harish → Divya Krishnan as Devi<br /> *Meena Sellamuthu as Sandi Rani<br /> *Prem as Rajaram, Singaperumal's friend<br /> *Vasanth Gopinath as Mahendran<br /> *Jaheer Hassain as Sathish<br /> *Manush as Ashok<br /> *[[Nanjil Nalini]] as Kottaiswamy's mother <br /> *Sai Sakthi as Kathiravan Natraj, Subramani's brother<br /> *Yuvanraj Nethran as Rajesh <br /> *Birla Bose as Singaravelan I.P.S <br /> *Akila as Nirmala, Bala-Nagu's daughter<br /> *Haripriya as Shobha, Nandhan's fiancé<br /> *Krish as Shobha's elder brother<br /> *Geetha as Geetha<br /> *Deepa as Sornam, Subramani's aunt <br /> *Sri Vidhya as Deepa, Sornam's daughter<br /> *[[Sadhana (Tamil actress)|Sadhana]] as Banumathy, Nandhan's mother<br /> *Dev Anand Sharma as Nandhan, Valli's ex-fiancé, lawyer<br /> *Shamily Sukumar → Sunitha as Shamili Vinod, Vicky's sister<br /> *Satish Kumar as Vinod, Shamili's husband<br /> *Babitha as Maragatham, Vinod's mother <br /> *Krithika Laddu as Sudha, Madhumitha's friend <br /> *Easter as Subbu's friend<br /> *Yamuna as Yamuna<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Original soundtrack ==<br /> The title song was written by lyricist Dr. Kiruthiya, composed by the music director Paulraj and sung by [[Saindhavi]].<br /> <br /> ===Soundtrack===<br /> {{tracklist<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Kaalam Oru Nathiyena<br /> | note1 = காலம் ஒரு நதியென<br /> | lyrics1 = ''Dr. Kiruthiya''<br /> | extra1 = [[Saindhavi]]<br /> | length1 = 2:24<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nomination==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Role !! Result<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2014<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Sun Kudumbam Awards]]<br /> | Best Female Negative Role<br /> | Rani<br /> | Indrasena <br /> | {{Nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Mamanar<br /> | [[Poovilangu Mohan]]<br /> | Azhagam Perumal<br /> | {{Nom}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best Male Negative Role<br /> | Manohar<br /> | Bala<br /> | {{Nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Sun Kudumbam Awards]]<br /> | Sun Nakshatra Award<br /> | Rani<br /> | Indrasena<br /> | {{won}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best Female Negative Role<br /> | Rani<br /> | Indrasena <br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Couple<br /> | [[Vidhya Mohan]] &amp; Raj Kumar Manoharan<br /> | Valli &amp; Vicky<br /> | {{Nom}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best sister<br /> | [[Vidhya Mohan]] <br /> | Vennila<br /> | {{won}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best comedian<br /> | Ajay kapoor<br /> | Anand<br /> | {{nom}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best Supporting Actor (Male)<br /> | Ajay Kapoor<br /> | Anand <br /> | {{Nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Mamanar<br /> | [[Poovilangu Mohan]]<br /> | Azhagam Perumal<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of programs broadcast by Sun TV]]<br /> * [[List of longest-running Indian television series]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt12263940}}<br /> <br /> {{Sun TV shows}}<br /> {{Works by Saregama}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sun TV original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]<br /> [[Category:2012 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Television series about twins]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Television series by Saregama]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnatic_music&diff=474751 2026-03-19T20:28:33Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: quick expand references for clarity further and fixed typos for consistency</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Music genre originating in southern India}}<br /> {{pp-semi-indef}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}<br /> {{Carnatic}}<br /> {{Indian classical music}}<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> <br /> '''Carnatic music''' (known as {{IAST|Karnāṭaka saṃgīta}} or {{IAST|Karnāṭaka saṅgītam}} in the [[Dravidian languages]]) is a system of music commonly associated with [[South India]], including the modern Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Telangana]]. Most Carnatic compositions are in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Sanskrit]] languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Fuller |first1=C. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r7KjBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA201 |title=Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste |last2=Narasimhan |first2=Haripriya |date=2014-11-11 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-15288-2 |pages=201 |language=en |quote=Most songs were in Telugu or Sanskrit, though some were in Tamil, but even Telugu and Tamil were strongly inflected by Sanskrit.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is one of two main subgenres of [[Indian classical music]] that evolved from ancient Hindu texts and traditions, particularly the [[Samaveda]] is cited as a key foundation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ae.iitm.ac.in/~sriram/karpri.pdf|title=A Karnatic Music Primer|last=Sriram|first=Parthasarathy|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; (The other genre being the [[Hindustani music|Hindustani classical music]].) The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in ''gāyaki'' (singing) style.<br /> <br /> Although there are stylistic differences, the basic elements of {{IAST|''[[Shruti (music)|śruti]]''}} (the relative musical pitch), {{IAST|''[[svara]]''}} (the musical sound of a single note), {{IAST|''[[rāga]]''}} (the mode or melodic formulae), and {{IAST|''[[tala (music)|tala]]''}} (the rhythmic cycles) form the foundation of improvisation and composition in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. Although improvisation plays an important role, Carnatic music is mainly sung through compositions, especially the [[Kriti (music)|kriti]] (or kirtanam) – a form developed between the 14th and 20th centuries by composers such as [[Purandara Dasa]], and the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]]. Carnatic music is also usually taught and learned through compositions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA88 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |date=2017-08-25 |publisher=[[Rowman &amp; Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-5381-0686-0 |pages=88 |language=en |quote=In precolonial or early-modern South India, Telugu became the cultural language of the south, including the Tamil country, somewhat similar to the overwhelming dominance of French as the cultural language of modern Europe during roughly the same era. Therefore, Telugu predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music, and it is the practice to teach Telugu language in music colleges to those aspiring to become singers.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:522&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&amp;dq=telugu+court+language&amp;pg=PA269 |title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music |date=1998 |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=Alison |volume=5: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent |pages=231, 232, 269 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Telugu language predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:522&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> Carnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians, consisting of a principal performer (usually a vocalist), a melodic accompaniment (usually a [[violin]]), a rhythm accompaniment (usually a [[mridangam]]), and a [[Tanpura|tambura]], which acts as a [[drone (music)|drone]] throughout the performance. Other typical instruments used in performances may include the [[ghatam]], [[kanjira]], [[morsing]], [[venu]] flute, [[Saraswati veena|veena]], and [[chitraveena]]. The greatest concentration of Carnatic musicians is to be found in the city of [[Chennai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;Carnatic music. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online&lt;/ref&gt; Various Carnatic music festivals are held throughout India and abroad, including the [[Madras Music Season]], which has been considered to be one of the world's largest cultural events.&lt;ref&gt;[https://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/Music/article/view/22/26 The Music Academy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426090237/https://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/Music/article/view/22/26 |date=26 April 2012 }} Written by Malathi Rangaswamy, Secretary of Music Academy&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#Nettl2005|Nettl (2005)]], p38&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Origin and history==<br /> <br /> [[File:Saraswati.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Saraswati]], the [[Devi|Hindu goddess]] of all knowledge, music, arts and science, with her instrument, the ''veena''.]]<br /> <br /> Carnatic music originated in [[Karnataka]] and was named after it,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kesavan |first1=Veluthat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0V61DwAAQBAJ |title=The Buffalo Century: Vāñcheśvara Dīkṣita's Mahiṣaśatakam: A Political Satire for All Centuries |date=2019 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=9781000708561 |page=5 |quote=Because this music came from Karnataka, it eventually came to be known as &quot;Carnatic music&quot; throughout the country}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1PwmMWrj1MC&amp;q=art%20and%20architecture%20in%20karnataka%20sangeeta |title=Art and Architecture in Karnataka |date=1996 |publisher=Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Karnataka |page=313}}&lt;/ref&gt; known as ''Karnāṭaka Saṁgīta'' which spread through [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] and [[Tamil Nadu|Tamil]] countries where it flourished.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Desai |first1=P. B. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.430132/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History of Karnataka: (From-Pre-History to Unification) |date=1970 |page=xxi-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Like all art forms in [[Indian culture]], Indian classical music is believed to be a divine art form that originated from the [[Deva (Hinduism)|deva]]s and [[devi]]s ([[Hindu]] gods and goddesses),&lt;ref&gt;[[#Moorthy2001|Moorthy (2001)]], p17&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;origin&quot; /&gt; and is venerated as symbolic of {{IAST|''[[Nada yoga|nāda]] brāhman''}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/seta/2005/01/13/stories/2005011300111500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050331184754/http://www.hindu.com/seta/2005/01/13/stories/2005011300111500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-03-31|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Sci Tech / Speaking Of Science: The music of we primates: Nada Brahmam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ancient treatises also describe the connection of the origin of the [[swara|svara]]s, or notes, to the sounds of animals and birds and man's effort to simulate these sounds through a keen sense of observation and perception. The [[Sama Veda|''Samaveda'']], which is believed to have laid the foundation for Indian classical music, consists of hymns from the ''[[Rigveda]]'', set to musical tunes that would be sung using three to seven musical notes during Vedic [[yajna]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;origin&quot; /&gt; The [[Yajur-Veda|''Yajurveda'']], which mainly consists of sacrificial formulae, mentions the ''veena'' as an accompaniment to vocal recitations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Veena in Yajurveda |url=http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/m151/Music_of_India1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031152317/http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/M151/Music_of_India1.html |archive-date=2006-10-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; References to Indian classical music are made in many ancient texts, including [[Indian epic poetry|epics]] like the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. The ''[[Yajnavalkya Smriti]]'' states, &quot;''vīṇāvādana tattvajñaḥ śrutijātiviśāradaḥ tālajñaścāprayāsena mokṣamārgaṃ niyacchati&quot;'' (&quot;The one who is well versed in ''[[veena]]'', one who has the knowledge of srutis and one who is adept in tala, attains liberation ([[moksha]]) without doubt&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;YjS 3.115. {{cite web|title=Yajnavalkya on Music|url=http://www.sanathanadharma.com/articles/sangeet.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Contemporray Carnatic music is based on musical concepts (including ''[[swara|svara]]'', ''[[raga]]'', and ''[[Tala (music)|tala]]'') that were described in detail in several ancient works, particularly the [[Bharata Muni|Bharata]]'s ''[[Natya Shastra of Bharata|Natya Shastra]]'' and ''[[Silappadhikaram|Cilappatikaram]]'' by [[Ilango Adigal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Singer1958&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Singer |first = M.|title = The Great Tradition in a Metropolitan Center: Madras| journal = The Journal of American Folklore| volume = 71 | issue = 281 | pages = 347–388 |year = 1958 | doi = 10.2307/538567 | jstor = 538567 | publisher = American Folklore Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Owing to Persian and Islamic influences in [[North India]] from the 12th century onwards, Indian classical music began to diverge into two distinct styles — Hindustani music and Carnatic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;/&gt; Commentaries and other works, such as [[Sharngadeva]]'s ''[[Sangita Ratnakara]]'', further elaborated on the musical concepts found in Indian classical music.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Moorthy2001|Moorthy (2001)]], p18&lt;/ref&gt; By the 16th and 17th centuries, there was a clear demarcation between Carnatic and Hindustani music;&lt;ref name=&quot;Subramaniam1999&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Subramaniam |first = L.<br /> |title = The reinvention of a tradition: Nationalism, Carnatic music and the Madras Music Academy, 1900–1947 | journal = Indian Economic &amp; Social History Review | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–163 |year = 1999 | doi = 10.1177/001946469903600201|s2cid = 144368744<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Carnatic music remained relatively unaffected by Persian and Arabic influences. It was at this time that Carnatic music flourished in [[Vijayanagara]], while the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] reached its greatest extent.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ries1969&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Ries |first = R. E.|title = The Cultural Setting of South Indian Music | journal = Asian Music | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 22–31 |year = 1969 | doi = 10.2307/833909 | jstor = 833909 | publisher = University of Texas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Purandara Dasa]], who is known as the &quot;father (''pitamaha'') of Carnatic music&quot;, formulated the system that is commonly used for the teaching of Carnatic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;origin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.carnatica.net/origin.htm|title= History of Music, Origins|work=The Carnatica Group|publisher=Carnatica.net|access-date=2007-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Theory of Music, Vasanthamadhavi P.183&lt;/ref&gt; [[Venkatamakhin]] invented and authored the formula for the [[melakarta]] system of raga classification in his Sanskrit work, the ''Chaturdandi Prakasika'' (1660 AD).&lt;ref name=&quot;Subramaniam1999&quot;/&gt; Govindacharya is known for expanding the melakarta system into the [[sampoorna raga|sampurna raga]] scheme – the system that is in common use today.<br /> <br /> By the 16th century, Indian classical music split into two styles: Hindustani in the North and Karnataka (later called Carnatic) in the South. The term &quot;Karnataka&quot; music originated from the Vijayanagara Empire, historically known as the Karnataka Empire. The British later influenced the change in name to &quot;Carnatic&quot; music, and the term is only about 150–200 years old.<br /> <br /> In the 18th and 19th centuries, Carnatic music was mainly patronised by the local kings of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Travancore]], and the [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Maratha rulers of Tanjore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Royal tribute to Thanjavur rulers|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/dec/27/royal-tribute-to-thanjavur-rulers-1738354.html|newspaper=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some of the royalty of the kingdoms of Mysore and Travancore were themselves noted composers and proficient in playing musical instruments, such as the [[veena]], [[rudra veena]], [[violin]], [[ghatam]], [[venu]], [[mridangam]], [[nadaswaram]], and [[swarabat]].&lt;ref&gt;[[#Pranesh2003|Pranesh (2003)]], p54-55, p92, p162-163, p225-226&lt;/ref&gt; Some [[Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore|famous court-musicians]] proficient in music were [[Veene Sheshanna]] (1852–1926)&lt;ref&gt;[[#Pranesh2003|Pranesh (2003)]], p108&lt;/ref&gt; and Veene Subbanna (1861–1939),&lt;ref&gt;[[#Pranesh2003|Pranesh (2003)]], p128&lt;/ref&gt; among others.<br /> <br /> During the late 19th century, the city of [[Madras]] (now known as Chennai) emerged as the locus for Carnatic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes2002&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Hughes |first = S. P.|title = The 'Music Boom' in Tamil South India: gramophone, radio and the making of mass culture | journal = Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 445–473 |year = 2002 | doi = 10.1080/0143968022000012129|s2cid = 191466174}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the dissolution of the erstwhile [[princely states]] and the [[Indian independence movement]] reaching its conclusion in 1947, Carnatic music went through a radical shift in patronage into an art of the masses with ticketed performances organised by private institutions called [[sabhā]]s.<br /> <br /> === Carnatic music outside of South India ===<br /> From the 18th century, South Indian immigrant communities abroad increased, especially in [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Ceylon|Sri Lanka]]. Communities such as the [[Nattukottai Chettiar]]s participate in the extension of the Carnatic cultural scene abroad, thanks to their rich patronage activity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aravinthon |first=Dr (Mrs) Suhanya |date=2021-06-01 |title=Roots of Carnatic Music in Sri Lanka - Artistic interrelations between Sri Lanka and South India A |url=https://zenodo.org/record/6550640 |journal=Smrti - Department of Indian Music: Annual Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=90–95 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.6550640}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carnatic music artists therefore perform abroad among South Indian communities who request their coming, in order to enliven local community life. For a long time in Sri Lanka, Carnatic music was associated with Indian immigrants, and was often derogatorily referred to as &quot;''thosai kade'' music&quot; (&quot;music from the [[Dosa (food)|dosa]] shop&quot;), in reference to the South Indians-owned restaurants and eateries that typically played this kind of music.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Daniel |first=E. Valentine |title=Charred lullabies: chapters in an anthropography of violence |date=1996 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-02774-6 |series=Princeton studies in culture / power / history |location=Princeton, NJ |pages=157, 145 |oclc=34669394}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From the 20th century, Carnatic music gained significant popularity among certain social strata of the [[Demographics of Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan population]], who were then heavily influenced by a prominent cultural movement known as the Hindu revival.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=O’Shea |first1=Janet |title=Choreographies of 21st century wars |last2=Morris |first2=Gay |last3=Giersdorf |first3=Jens Richard |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-020166-1 |pages=119 |language=en |chapter=From Temple to Battlefield: Bharata Natyam in the Sri Lankan Civil War |oclc=915135656}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Susan A. |title=Dance and the nation: performance, ritual, and politics in Sri Lanka |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-299-23164-4 |pages=131–132 |language=en |chapter=Dance, Ethnicity and the State |oclc=317288154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carnatic music was thus appropriated and highly promoted during the 1920s and 1930s as a cultural and identity marker of the [[Colombo]] and [[Jaffna]] bourgeoisies,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jeyaratnam Wilson |first=Alfred |title=Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism: its origins and development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |publisher=[[University of British Columbia Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=0-7748-0759-8 |pages=36 |language=en |chapter=Language, Poetry; Culture and Tamil Nationalism |oclc=41467484}}&lt;/ref&gt; and by extension of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]. The place given to Carnatic music in the construction of a modern Sri Lankan Tamil identity has reached significant proportions, such as its rise in the curricula of most Jaffna colleges, where it gradually replaced from the mid-1930s the teaching of [[Western classical music]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; or its high esteem among the upper social classes of Colombo and Jaffna, where the learning of Carnatic music among young women is expected as a sign of good education.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil of Sri Lanka Facts, information, pictures {{!}} Encyclopedia.com articles about Tamil of Sri Lanka |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tamil_of_Sri_Lanka.aspx |access-date=2016-06-10 |website=encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Many people have travelled to India for improving their skills, and the flow of students to India from Sri Lanka or of Sri Lankan Tamil origin is constantly increasing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Anil |title=Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora: The new force spreading Carnatic music and dance worldwide |url=http://scroll.in/article/769894/sri-lankan-tamil-diaspora-the-new-force-spreading-carnatic-music-and-dance-worldwide |access-date=2016-06-10 |website=Scroll.in |date=20 November 2015 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Nature==<br /> The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in a singing style (known as ''gāyaki'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Breyer2004&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Breyer |first = Barbara|title = Composers and Tradition in Karnatik Music | journal = Asian Music |volume = 3 |pages = 42–51 |year = 1972 | doi = 10.2307/833958 | jstor = 833958 | issue = 2 | publisher = University of Texas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Like [[Hindustani music]], Carnatic music rests on two main elements: {{IAST|''[[rāga]]''}}, the [[Musical mode|modes]] or melodic formulae, and {{IAST|''[[tala (music)|tāḷa]]''}}, the rhythmic cycles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breyer2004&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Today, Carnatic music is presented by musicians in concerts or recordings, either vocally or through instruments. Carnatic music itself developed around musical works or compositions of phenomenal composers (see below).<br /> <br /> ==Important elements==<br /> <br /> ===Śruti===<br /> {{Main|Śruti (music)}}<br /> <br /> ''Śruti'' commonly refers to musical pitch.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/glosss.shtml|title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms S|work=karnatik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the approximate equivalent of a tonic (or less precisely a key) in Western music; it is the note from which all the others are derived. It is also used in the sense of graded pitches in an [[octave]]. While there are an infinite number of sounds falling within a scale (or raga) in Carnatic music, the number that can be distinguished by auditory perception is twenty-two (although over the years, several of them have converged). In this sense, while sruti is determined by auditory perception, it is also an expression in the listener's mind.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.soundofindia.com/showarticle.asp?in_article_id=952096767 |title=Sound of India |access-date=18 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211064155/http://www.soundofindia.com/showarticle.asp?in_article_id=952096767 |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Svara===<br /> {{Main|Svara}}<br /> <br /> ''Svara'' refers to a type of musical sound that is a single note, which defines a relative (higher or lower) position of a note, rather than a defined frequency.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot; /&gt; ''Svara''s also refer to the [[solfege]] of Carnatic music, which consist of seven notes, &quot;sa-ri-ga-ma-pa-da-ni&quot; (compare with the Hindustani ''[[sargam (swara)|sargam]]:'' sa-''re''-ga-ma-pa-''dha''-ni or Western do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti). These names are abbreviations of the longer names ''shadja'', ''rishabha'', ''gandhara'', ''madhyama'', ''panchama'', ''dhaivata'' and ''nishada''. Unlike other music systems, every member of the solfege (called a [[swara]]) has three variants. The exceptions are the drone notes, ''shadja'' and ''panchama'' (also known as the [[tonic (music)|tonic]] and the [[dominant (music)|dominant]]), which have only one form; and ''madhyama'' (the [[subdominant]]), which has two forms. A 7th century stone inscription in Kudumiyan Malai&lt;ref&gt;S. Santhanlingam, ''Kudumiyan Malai'', Tamil Nadu Government Archeology Department publication, 1981&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Tamil Nadu]] shows vowel changes to solfege symbols with ra, ri, ru etc. to denote the higher quarter-tones. In one scale, or [[raga]], there is usually only one variant of each note present. The exceptions exist in &quot;light&quot; ragas, in which, for artistic effect, there may be two, one ascending (in the ''arohanam'') and another descending (in the ''[[avarohana]]m'').<br /> <br /> ===Raga system===<br /> {{Main|Raga}}<br /> <br /> {{See also|List of composers who created ragas}}<br /> <br /> A ''raga'' in Carnatic music prescribes a set of rules for building a [[melody]] – very similar to the Western concept of [[musical mode|mode]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/glossm.shtml|title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M|work=karnatik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It specifies rules for movements up (''aarohanam'') and down (''avarohanam''), the [[musical scale|scale]] of which [[note (music)|notes]] should figure more and which notes should be used more sparingly, which notes may be sung with ''[[gamaka (music)|gamaka]]'' (ornamentation), which phrases should be used or avoided, and so on. In effect, it is a series of obligatory musical events that must be observed, either absolutely or with a particular frequency.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nettl1974&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Nettl |first = Bruno |author-link=Bruno Nettl|title = Thoughts On Improvisation: A Comparative Approach| journal = [[Musical Quarterly]]|volume = LX |pages = 9–12 |year = 1974 | doi = 10.1093/mq/LX.1.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Carnatic music, the ''sampoorna ragas'' (those with all seven notes in their scales) are classified into a system called the ''[[melakarta]]'', which groups them according to the kinds of notes that they have. There are seventy-two ''melakarta ragas'', thirty six of whose madhyama ([[subdominant]]) is shuddha ([[perfect fourth]] from the tonic), the remaining thirty-six of whose madhyama (subdominant) is prati (an [[augmented fourth]] from the tonic). The ''ragas'' are grouped into sets of six, called ''[[chakra]]s'' (&quot;wheels&quot;, though actually segments in the conventional representation) grouped according to the [[supertonic]] and [[mediant]] scale degrees. There is a system known as the ''[[katapayadi sankhya]]'' to determine the names of ''melakarta raga''s.<br /> <br /> ''Raga''s may be divided into two classes: ''janaka raga''s (i.e. melakarta or parent ragas) and ''[[janya]] raga''s (descendant ragas of a particular janaka raga). Janya ragas are themselves subclassified into various categories.<br /> <br /> ===Tala system===<br /> {{Main|Tala (music)}}<br /> <br /> ''[[Tala (music)|Tala]]'' refers to a fixed time cycle or metre, set for a particular composition, which is built from groupings of beats.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} ''Tala''s have cycles of a defined number of beats and rarely change within a song. They have specific components, which in combinations can give rise to the variety to exist (over 108), allowing different compositions to have different rhythms.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/glosst.shtml|title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms T|work=karnatik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Carnatic music singers usually keep the beat by moving their hands up and down in specified patterns, and using their fingers simultaneously to keep time. ''Tala'' is formed with three basic parts (called ''anga''s) that are ''laghu'', ''dhrtam'', and ''anudhrtam'', though complex talas may have other parts like ''plutam'', ''guru'', and ''kaakapaadam''. There are seven basic ''tala'' groups that can be formed from the ''laghu'', ''dhrtam'', and ''anudhrtam'':<br /> <br /> * Ata tala<br /> * Dhruva tala<br /> * Eka tala<br /> * Jhampa tala<br /> * Matya tala{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<br /> * Rupaka tala<br /> * Triputa tala<br /> <br /> A ''laghu'' has five variants (called ''jaathi''s) based on the counting pattern. Five ''jaathis'' times seven tala groups gives thirty-five basic ''tala''s, although use of other ''anga''s results in a total of 108 ''tala''s.<br /> <br /> ==Improvisation==<br /> Improvisation in ''raga'' is an essential aspect of [[Indian classical music]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mann1912&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = MacCarthy |first = M.| title = Some Indian Conceptions of Music| journal = Proceedings of the Musical Association|volume = 38th Sess | pages = 41–65 |year = 1912 | doi=10.1093/jrma/38.1.41|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1431793}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kassebaum1987&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Kassebaum |first = G. R.| title = Improvisation in Alapana Performance: A Comparative View of Raga Shankarabharana<br /> | journal = [[Yearbook for Traditional Music]] |volume = 19 |pages = 45–64 |year = 1987 | doi = 10.2307/767877 | jstor = 767877 | publisher = International Council for Traditional Music| s2cid=192945498 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;''Manodharma Sangeetam''&quot; or &quot;''kalpana Sangeetam''&quot; (&quot;music of imagination&quot;) as it is known in Carnatic music, comprises several varieties of improvisation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kassebaum1987&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#Arnold2000|Kassebaum (2000)]], p17&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The main traditional forms of improvisation in Carnatic music are as follows:&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins1973&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Higgins |first = J. B.| title = untitled | journal = Asian Music |volume = 4 | issue = 2 |pages = 27–35 |year = 1973|doi = 10.2307/833829|jstor = 833829}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#NettlRussells1998|Viswanathan &amp; Cormack (1998)]], pp. 219–220.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Alapana <br /> * Niraval<br /> * Pallavi<br /> * Ragam <br /> * Swarakalpana<br /> * Tanam<br /> * Tani Avartanam<br /> <br /> ===Raga Alapana===<br /> {{Main|Alapana}}<br /> <br /> An alapana, sometimes also called ragam,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf1999&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Wolf |first = R.| title = untitled | journal = Asian Music |volume = 30 | issue = 1 |pages = 199–203 |year = 1999|doi = 10.2307/834271|jstor = 834271}}&lt;/ref&gt; is the exposition of a [[raga]] or tone – a slow improvisation with no rhythm,&lt;ref name=&quot;RoyalCarpetGlossary-R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/glossr.shtml|title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms R|work=karnatik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the raga acts as the basis of embellishment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nettl1974&quot;/&gt; In performing alapana, performers consider each raga as an object that has beginnings and endings and consists somehow of sequences of thought.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nettl1974&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The performer will explore the [[ragam]] and touch on its various nuances,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf1999&quot;/&gt; singing in the lower octaves first, then gradually moving up to higher octaves, while giving a hint of the song to be performed.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoyalCarpetGlossary-R&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Theoretically, this ought to be the easiest type of improvisation, since the rules are so few, but in fact, it takes much skill to sing a pleasing, comprehensive (in the sense of giving a &quot;feel for the ragam&quot;) and, most importantly, original raga alapana.<br /> <br /> ===Niraval===<br /> {{Main|Niraval}}<br /> <br /> Niraval, usually performed by the more advanced performers, consists of singing one or two lines of text of a song repeatedly, but with a series of melodic improvised elaborations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins1987&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Higgins |first = J. B.<br /> |title = Performing Arts in India: Essays on Music, Dance, and Drama| journal = Asian Music |volume = 18 | issue = 2 |pages = 103–118 |year = 1987 | doi=10.2307/833942|jstor = 833942<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Although niraval consists of extempore melodic variations, generally, the original patterns of duration are maintained;&lt;ref&gt;[[#Randel2003|Randel (2003)]], p562&lt;/ref&gt; each word in the lines of text stay set within their original place (''idam'') in the [[Tala (music)|tala]] cycle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Viswanathan 1998 p232&quot;&gt;[[#NettlRussells1998|Viswanathan &amp; Cormack (1998)]], p232&lt;/ref&gt; The lines are then also played at different levels of speed which can include double speed, triple speed, quadruple speed and even [[sextuple]] speed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henry2002&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Henry |first = E. O.<br /> |title = The Rationalization of Intensity in Indian Music| journal = Ethnomusicology |volume = 46 | issue = 1 |pages = 33–35 |year = 2002 | doi = 10.2307/852807 | jstor = 852807 | publisher = Society for Ethnomusicology}}&lt;/ref&gt; The improvised elaborations are made with a view of outlining the raga, the tempo, and the theme of the composition.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<br /> <br /> ===Kalpanaswaram===<br /> {{Main|Kalpanaswaram}}<br /> <br /> Kalpanaswaram, also known as swarakalpana, consists of improvising melodic and rhythmic passages using ''[[swara]]s'' (solfa syllables).&lt;ref&gt;[[#NettlRussell1998|Viswanathan &amp; Cormack (1998)]], p219&lt;/ref&gt; Like niraval,&lt;ref&gt;[[#NettlRussell1998|Viswanathan &amp; Cormack (1998)]], p232&lt;/ref&gt; kalpanaswaras are sung to end on a particular swara in the [[raga]] of the melody and at a specific place (''idam'') in the [[Tala (music)|tala]] cycle.&lt;ref&gt;[[#NettlRussell1998|Viswanathan &amp; Cormack (1998)]], p221&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kalpanaswaras have a somewhat predictable rhythmical structure;&lt;ref&gt;[[#SolisNettl2009|Solis &amp; Nettl (2009)]], p188&lt;/ref&gt; the swaras are sung to end on the ''samam'' (the first beat of the rhythmical cycle).&lt;ref name=&quot;Henry2002&quot;/&gt; The swaras can also be sung at the same speed or double the speed of the melody that is being sung, though some artists sing triple-speed phrases too.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henry2002&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kalpanaswaram is the most elementary type of improvisation, usually taught before any other form of improvisation.<br /> <br /> ===Tanam===<br /> Tanam is one of the most important forms of improvisation, and is integral to Ragam Tanam Pallavi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Palackal1998&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Palackal |first = J. J.<br /> |title = untitled| journal = Yearbook for Traditional Music|volume = 30 | pages = 207 |year = 1998 | doi=10.2307/768616|jstor = 768616<br /> |s2cid = 191394968<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Originally developed for the veena, it consists of expanding the raga with syllables like ''tha, nam, thom, aa, nom, na,'' etc.<br /> <br /> ===Ragam Tanam Pallavi===<br /> {{Main|Ragam Tanam Pallavi}}<br /> <br /> Ragam, Tanam, and Pallavi are the principal long form in concerts,&lt;ref name=&quot;Palackal1998&quot;/&gt; and is a composite form of improvisation. As the name suggests, it consists of raga alapana, tanam, and a [[pallavi]] line. Set to a slow-paced [[Tala (music)|tala]], the pallavi line is often composed by the performer. Through niraval, the performer manipulates the pallavi line in complex melodic and rhythmic ways.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf1999&quot;/&gt; The niraval is followed by kalpanaswarams.<br /> <br /> === Tani Avartanam ===<br /> Tani Avartanam refers to the extended solo that is played by the percussionists in a concert,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kassebaum 2000&quot;&gt;[[#Arnold2000|Kassebaum (2000)]], 158&lt;/ref&gt; and is usually played after the main composition in a concert.&lt;ref name=&quot;Viswanathan 1998 p232&quot;/&gt; The percussionist displays the full range of his skills and rhythmic imagination during the solo, which may take from two to twenty minutes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kassebaum 2000&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Compositions==<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=August 2014}} <br /> In contrast to [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] of the northern part of India, Carnatic music is taught and learned through compositions, which encode many intricate musical details, also providing scope for free improvisation. Nearly every rendition of a Carnatic music composition is different and unique as it embodies elements of the composer's vision, as well as the musician's interpretation.<br /> <br /> A Carnatic composition really has two elements, one being the musical element, the other being what is conveyed in the composition. It is probably because of this fact that most Carnatic music compositions are composed for singing. In addition to the rich musical experience, each composition brings out the knowledge and personality of the composer, and hence the words are as important as the musical element itself. This poses a special challenge for the musicians because rendering this music does not involve just playing or singing the correct musical notes; the musicians are expected to understand what was conveyed by the composer in various languages, and sing musical phrases that act to create the effect that was intended by the composer in his/her composition.<br /> <br /> There are many types/forms of compositions.<br /> <br /> ''[[Geetham]]s'' and ''[[swarajati]]s'' (which have their own peculiar composition structures) are principally meant to serve as basic learning exercises.<br /> <br /> Compositions more commonly associated with [[Indian classical dance]] and [[bhakthi|Indian devotional music]] have also been increasingly used in the Carnatic music repertoire. The performance of the [[Sanskrit]] ''[[shloka|sloka]]'', Tamil ''[[viruttam]], Kannada [[Ugabhoga]] and'' Telugu ''padyamu'' or ''sisapadya'' forms are particularly unique. Though these forms consist of lyric-based [[verse (popular music)|verses]], musicians improvise ''[[raga]]'' phrases in free rhythm, like an [[alapana]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins1987&quot; /&gt; so both the sound value, and the meaning of the text, guide the musician through elaborate melodic improvisations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins1985&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Higgins |first = J. B.<br /> |title = India| journal = Ethnomusicology|volume = 29 | issue = 1 |pages = 162–166 |year = 1985 | doi = 10.2307/852348 | jstor = 852348 | publisher = Society for Ethnomusicology}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forms such as the ''[[Divya Prabandha|divya prabandham]]'', ''[[thevaram]]'' and ''[[ugabhoga]]'' are often performed similarly, however, these forms can also have a set melody and rhythm like the ''devaranama'', ''javali'', ''padam'', ''[[thillana]]'' and ''[[thiruppugazh]]'' forms.<br /> <br /> The most common and significant forms in Carnatic music are the ''[[varnam]]'' and the ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]'' (or ''kirtanam'').<br /> <br /> ===Varnam===<br /> {{Main|Varnam}}<br /> <br /> Varnams are short metric pieces which encapsulate the main features and requirements of a ''[[raga]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Nettl2005|Nettl (2005)]], p189&lt;/ref&gt; The features and rules of the raga (also known as the ''sanchaaraas'' of a raga) include how each note of the raga should be stressed, the scale of the raga, and so on.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/glossv.shtml|title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms V|work=karnatik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; All varnams consist of lyrics,&lt;ref name=&quot;Bradnock 1992 p631&quot;&gt;[[#Bradnock1992|Bradnock (1992)]], p631&lt;/ref&gt; as well as swara passages, including a ''[[pallavi]]'', an ''[[Anupallavi (music)|anupallavi]]'', ''muktayi swaras'', a ''[[charanam]]'', and ''[[chitta swara|chittaswaras]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Known for their complex structure, varnams are a fundamental form in Carnatic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bradnock 1992 p631&quot;/&gt; Varnams are practised as vocal exercises in multiple speeds by performers of Carnatic music, to help develop voice culture, and maintain proper pitch and control of rhythm. In Carnatic music concerts, varnams are often performed by musicians as the opening item – acting as a warm up for the musicians,&lt;ref&gt;[[#Gupta2006|Gupta (2006)]], p68&lt;/ref&gt; and as a means of grabbing the attention of the audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Kriti===<br /> {{Main|Kriti (music)}}<br /> <br /> Carnatic songs (kritis) are varied in structure and style, but generally consist of three units:<br /> # [[Pallavi]]. This is the equivalent of a [[refrain]] in Western music, with 1 or 2&amp;nbsp;lines.<br /> # [[Anupallavi (music)|Anupallavi]]. This is the second verse, also as 2 lines.<br /> # [[Charanam|Charana]]. The final (and longest) verse that wraps up the song. The Charanam usually borrows patterns from the Anupallavi. There can be multiple charanas.<br /> <br /> This kind of song is called a ''keerthanam'' or a ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]''. There are other possible structures for a ''kriti'', which may in addition include swara passages named ''chittaswara''. A ''chittaswara'' consists only of notes, and has no words. Still others have a verse at the end of the ''charana'', called the ''madhyamakāla''. It is sung immediately after the ''charana'', but at double speed.<br /> <br /> ==Prominent composers==<br /> <br /> {{See also|List of Carnatic composers|List of composers who created ragas|Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore}}<br /> <br /> There are many composers in Carnatic music. [[Purandara Dasa]] (1484–1564) is referred to as the ''Pitamaha'' (the father or grandfather) of Carnatic music as he formulated the basic lessons in teaching Carnatic music, and in honour of his significant contribution to Carnatic music. He structured graded exercises known as ''Swaravalis'' and ''Alankaras'', and at the same time, introduced the ''[[Raga]]'' [[Mayamalavagowla]] as the first scale to be learnt by beginners. He also composed ''Gitas'' (simple songs) for novice students.<br /> <br /> The contemporaries [[Tyagaraja]] (1767– 1847), [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], (1776–1835) and [[Syama Sastri]], (1762–1827) are regarded as the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]] because of the quality of Syama Sastri's compositions, the varieties of compositions of Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Tyagaraja's prolific output in composing ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]s''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/03/31/stories/2006033100510300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919223436/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/03/31/stories/2006033100510300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-09-19|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=The golden era}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prominent composers prior to the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]] include [[Sripadaraja]], [[Vyasatirtha]], [[Kanakadasa]], [[Vadiraja Tirtha]], [[Arunachala Kavi]], [[Annamacharya]], [[Narayana Teertha|Narayana Theertha]], [[Vijaya Dasa]], [[Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]], [[Gopala Dasa]], [[Bhadrachala Ramadas]], [[Sadasiva Brahmendra]] and [[Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi]]. Other composers are [[Swathi Thirunal]], [[Gopalakrishna Bharathi]], [[Neelakanta Sivan]], [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]], [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], [[Koteeswara Iyer]], [[Muthiah Bhagavathar]], [[Subramania Bharathiyar]], [[Kalyani Varadarajan]], [[M. Balamuralikrishna]] and [[Papanasam Sivan]]. The compositions of these composers are rendered frequently by artists of today.<br /> <br /> Composers of Carnatic music were often inspired by religious devotion and were usually scholars proficient in one or more of the languages [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], or [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. They usually included a signature, called a ''[[Mudras in Indian Music|mudra]]'', in their compositions. For example, all songs by Tyāgarāja (who composed in Sanskrit and Telugu) have the word ''Tyagaraja'' in them, all songs by Muttuswāmi Dīkṣitar (who composed in Sanskrit and Maṇipravāl̥am) have the words ''Guruguha'' in them; songs by Śyāma Śāstri (who composed in Sanskrit and Telugu) have the words Ś''yāma Kr̥ṣṇa'' in them; all songs by Purandaradasa (who composed in Kannada and Sanskrit) have the words ''Purandara Vitthala''; while Gopalakrishna Bharathi (who composed in Tamil) used the signature ''Gopalakrishnan'' in his compositions. Papanasam Sivan, who has been hailed as the ''Tamil Tyagaraja'' of Carnatic music,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/01/04/stories/2002010401120600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627174438/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/01/04/stories/2002010401120600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-06-27|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Focus on veena's exalted status}}&lt;/ref&gt; composed in Tamil and Sanskrit,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt; and used the signature ''Ramadasan'' in his compositions.<br /> <br /> ==Learning==<br /> Carnatic music is traditionally taught according to the system formulated by [[Purandara Dasa]]. This involves ''sarali swaras'' (graded exercises), ''alankaras'' (exercises based on the seven talas), ''[[geethams|geetams]]'' or simple songs, and [[Swarajatis]]. After the student has reached a certain standard, ''[[varnam]]s'' are taught and later, the student learns [[Kriti (music)|kriti]]s. It typically takes several years of learning before a student is adept enough to perform at a concert.<br /> <br /> The learning texts and exercises are more or less uniform across all the South Indian states. The learning structure is arranged in increasing order of complexity. The lessons start with the learning of the ''sarali varisai'' ([[solfege]] set to a particular raga).<br /> <br /> Carnatic music was traditionally taught in the [[gurukula]] system, where the student lived with and learnt the art from his [[guru]] (perceptor). From the late 20th century onwards, with changes in lifestyles and need for young music aspirants to simultaneously pursue a parallel academic career, this system has found few takers.<br /> <br /> Musicians often take great pride in letting people know about their [[Guru]] [[Parampara]], or the hierarchy of disciples from some prominent ancient musician or composer, to which they belong. People whose disciple-hierarchies are often referred to are [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], [[Syama Sastri]], [[Swathi Thirunal]] and [[Papanasam Sivan]], among others.<br /> <br /> In modern times, it is common for students to visit their gurus daily or weekly to learn music. Though new technology has made learning easier with the availability of quick-learn media such as learning exercises recorded on audio cassettes and CDs, these are discouraged by most gurus who emphasize that face-to-face learning is best for students.<br /> <br /> ===Notations===<br /> Notation is not a new concept in Indian music. However, Carnatic music continued to be transmitted orally for centuries without being written down. The disadvantage with this system was that if one wanted to learn about a [[Kriti (music)|kriti]] composed, for example, by [[Purandara Dasa]], it involved the difficult task of finding a person from Purandara Dasa's lineage of students.<br /> <br /> Written notation of Carnatic music was revived in the late 17th century and early 18th century, which coincided with rule of [[Shahaji II]] in [[Tanjore]]{{Contradictory inline|article=Shahaji II|reason=Shahaji II ruled 1947-1949 so maybe some ancestor/predecessor of his is wanted.}}. Copies of Shahaji's musical manuscripts are still available at the [[Saraswati Mahal Library]] in Tanjore and they give us an idea of the music and its form. They contain snippets of [[solfege]] to be used when performing the mentioned ragas.<br /> <br /> ====Melody====<br /> Unlike classical [[Classical music|Western music]], Carnatic music is notated almost exclusively in [[tonic sol-fa]] notation using either a Roman or Indic script to represent the solfa names. Past attempts to use the [[staff notation]] have mostly failed. Indian music makes use of hundreds of ragas, many more than the [[Musical mode|church modes]] in Western music. It becomes difficult to write Carnatic music using the staff notation without the use of too many [[accidental (music)|accidentals]]. Furthermore, the staff notation requires that the song be played in a certain [[key (music)|key]]. The notions of key and absolute pitch are deeply rooted in Western music, whereas the Carnatic notation does not specify the key and prefers to use [[scale degree]]s (relative pitch) to denote notes. The singer is free to choose the actual pitch of the [[tonic (music)|tonic]] note. In the more precise forms of Carnatic notation, there are symbols placed above the notes indicating how the notes should be played or sung; however, informally this practice is not followed.<br /> <br /> To show the length of a note, several devices are used. If the duration of note is to be doubled, the letter is either capitalized (if using Roman script) or lengthened by a [[diacritic]] (in Indian languages). For a duration of three, the letter is capitalized (or diacriticized) and followed by a comma. For a length of four, the letter is capitalized (or diacriticized) and then followed by a semicolon. In this way any duration can be indicated using a series of semicolons and commas.<br /> <br /> However, a simpler notation has evolved that does not use semicolons and capitalization, but rather indicates all extensions of notes using a corresponding number of commas. Thus, ''Sā'' quadrupled in length would be denoted as &quot;S,,,&quot;.<br /> <br /> ====Rhythm====<br /> The notation is divided into columns, depending on the structure of the [[Tala (music)|''tāḷaṃ'']]. The division between a ''laghu'' and a ''dhrutam'' is indicated by a।, called a ''ḍaṇḍā'', and so is the division between two ''dhrutams'' or a ''dhrutam'' and an ''anudhrutam''. The end of a cycle is marked by a॥, called a ''double ḍaṇḍā'', and looks like a [[caesura]].<br /> <br /> ==Performance==<br /> {{Main|Performances of Carnatic music}}<br /> <br /> Carnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians, who sit on an elevated stage. This usually consists of, at least, a principal performer, a melodic accompaniment, a rhythm accompaniment, and a drone.&lt;ref name=&quot;LArmand1983&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = L'Armand |first = A. K.<br /> |title = One Hundred Years of Music in Madras: A Case Study in Secondary Urbanization| journal = Ethnomusicology |volume = 27 |pages = 411–438 |year = 1983 | doi = 10.2307/850653 | author2 = L'armand, Adrian | issue = 3 | publisher = Society for Ethnomusicology|jstor = 850653<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Performances can be musical or musical-dramatic. Musical recitals are either vocal, or purely instrumental in nature, while musical-dramatic recitals refer to [[Harikatha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;LArmand1983&quot;/&gt; Regardless of what type of recital it is, what is featured are compositions which form the core of this genre of music.<br /> <br /> ===Instrumentation===<br /> {{See also|Indian musical instruments}}<br /> The ''[[tanpura]]'' is the traditional [[Drone (music)|drone]] instrument used in concerts. However, tanpuras are increasingly being replaced by [[Sruti box|''śruti'' box]]es, and now more commonly, the [[electronic tanpura]]. The drone itself is an integral part of performances and furnishes stability – the equivalent of [[harmony]] in Western music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosenthal1931&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Rosenthal|first = E.|title = Tyagaraja: A Great South Indian Composer| journal = Musical Quarterly |volume = XVII |pages = 14–24 |year = 1931 | doi = 10.1093/mq/XVII.1.14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In a vocal recital, a concert team may have one or more vocalists as the principal performer(s). Instruments, such as the [[Saraswati veena]] and/or [[venu]] flute, can be occasionally found as an accompaniment, but usually, a vocalist is supported by a violin player (who sits on his/her left). The rhythm accompanist is usually a [[mridangam]] player (who sits on the other side, facing the violin player). However, other percussion instruments such as the [[ghatam]], [[kanjira]] and [[morsing]] frequently also accompany the main percussion instrument and play in an almost [[contrapuntal]] fashion along with the beats.<br /> <br /> The objective of the accompanying instruments is far more than following the melody and keeping the beats. The accompaniments form an integral part of every composition presented, and they closely follow and augment the melodic phrases outlined by the lead singer. The vocalist and the violinist take turns while elaborating or while exhibiting creativity in sections like [[raga]], [[niraval]] and [[kalpanaswaram]].<br /> <br /> Unlike [[Hindustani music]] concerts, where an accompanying [[tabla]] player can keep beats without following the musical phrases at times, in Carnatic music, the accompanists have to follow the intricacies of the composition since there are percussion elements such as eduppu in several compositions.<br /> <br /> Some concerts feature a good bit of interaction with the lead musicians and accompanists exchanging notes, and accompanying musicians predicting the lead musician's musical phrases.<br /> <br /> ===Contemporary concert content===<br /> A contemporary Carnatic music concert (called a ''kutcheri'') usually lasts about three hours, and comprises a number of varied compositions. Carnatic songs are composed in a particular ''[[raga]]'', which means that they do not deviate from the notes in the ''raga''. Each composition is set with specific notes and beats, but performers improvise extensively. Improvisation occurs in the melody of the composition as well as in using the notes to expound the beauty of the ''raga''.<br /> <br /> Concerts usually begin with a ''[[varnam]]'' or an invocatory item which will act as the opening piece. The ''varnam'' is composed with an emphasis on ''[[swara]]s'' of the raga, but will also have lyrics, the ''saahityam''. It is lively and fast to get the audience's attention. An invocatory item may usually follow the ''varnam''.<br /> <br /> After the ''varnam'' and/or invocatory item, the artist sings longer compositions called ''kirtanas'' (commonly referred to as ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]''s). Each kriti sticks to one specific ''raga'', although some are composed with more than one raga; these are known as ''ragamalika'' (a garland of ''ragas'').<br /> <br /> After singing the opening ''kriti'', usually, the performer sings the ''[[kalpanaswaram]]'' of the ''raga'' to the beat. The performer must improvise a string of ''swaras'' in any octave according to the rules of the raga and return to beginning of the cycle of beats smoothly, joining the ''swaras'' with a phrase selected from the ''kriti''. The violin performs these alternately with the main performer. In very long strings of ''swara'', the performers must calculate their notes accurately to ensure that they stick to the ''raga'', have no awkward pauses or lapses in the beat of the song, and create a complex pattern of notes that a knowledgeable audience can follow.<br /> <br /> Performers then begin the main compositions with a section called ''[[Alapana|raga alapana]]'' exploring the ''raga''. In this, they use the sounds ''aa, ri, na, ta'', etc. instead of ''swaras'' to slowly elaborate the notes and flow of the raga. This begins slowly and builds to a crescendo, and finally establishes a complicated exposition of the ''raga'' that shows the performer's skill. All of this is done without any rhythmic accompaniment, or beat. Then the melodic accompaniment (violin or veena), expounds the ''raga''. Experienced listeners can identify many ragas after they hear just a few notes. With the ''raga'' thus established, the song begins, usually with lyrics. In this, the accompaniment (usually violin, sometimes veena) performs along with the main performer and the percussion (such as a [[mridangam]]). In the next stage of the song, they may sing ''[[niraval]]'' or ''kalpanaswaram'' again.<br /> <br /> In most concerts, the main item will at least have a section at the end of the item, for the percussion to perform solo (called the ''tani avartanam''). The percussion artists perform complex patterns of rhythm and display their skill. If multiple percussion instruments are employed, they engage in a rhythmic dialogue until the main performer picks up the melody once again. Some experienced artists may follow the main piece with a ''[[Ragam Thanam Pallavi|ragam thanam pallavi]]'' mid-concert, if they do not use it as the main item.<br /> <br /> Following the main composition, the concert continues with shorter and lighter songs. Some of the types of songs performed towards the end of the concerts are ''[[tillana]]s'' and ''thukkadas'' – bits of popular ''kriti''s or compositions requested by the audience. Every concert that is the last of the day ends with a ''mangalam'', a thankful prayer and conclusion to the musical event.<br /> <br /> ===Audience===<br /> The audience of a typical concert will have some understanding of Carnatic music. It is also typical to see the audience tapping out the ''tala'' in sync with the artist's performance. As and when the artist exhibits creativity, the audience acknowledge it by clapping their hands. With experienced artists, towards the middle of the concert, requests start flowing in. The artist usually sings the requests, and it helps in exhibiting the artist's broad knowledge of the several thousand [[Kriti (music)|kriti]]s that are in existence.<br /> <br /> ===Festivals===<br /> {{Main|List of Indian classical music festivals|Madras Music Season}}<br /> <br /> Various [[music festivals]] featuring Carnatic music performances are held in India, and throughout the world.<br /> <br /> With the city of [[Chennai]] (then known as [[Madras]]) emerging as the locus for Carnatic music during the 19th century,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes2002&quot;/&gt; its musicians founded the [[Tyagaraja Aradhana]] festival in 1846. The Aradhana festival is an annual death-anniversary celebration of the prolific Carnatic music composer, [[Tyagaraja]]. Held in the city of [[Thiruvayaru]], thousands of musicians attend the festival to perform his compositions. Since its inception, other festivals were started in a similar manner throughout India and abroad, such as the [[Chembai Sangeetholsavam]] in the Indian city of [[Guruvayur]], and the Aradhana in the US city of [[Cleveland]].<br /> <br /> The city of Chennai also holds a six-week-long grand &quot;[[Madras Music Season|Music Season]]&quot;, which has been described as the world's largest cultural event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/03/stories/2005020301281000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207150555/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/03/stories/2005020301281000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-02-07|title=Musical Musings|access-date=2007-01-13|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2005-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Music Season was started in 1927, to mark the opening of the [[Madras Music Academy]]. It used to be a traditional month-long Carnatic music festival, but since then it has also diversified into [[dance]] and [[drama]], as well as non-Carnatic art forms. Some concert organisers also feature their own Carnatic music festivals during the season. Thousands of performances are held by hundreds of musicians across various venues in the city.<br /> <br /> The [[Karnataka Ganakala Parishat]] is an annual conference of Carnatic music, held in February every year, which has lectures and demonstrations in the morning, and performances in the afternoons and evenings.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> {{Portal|India|Music}}<br /> * [[List of Carnatic composers]]<br /> * [[List of composers who created ragas]]<br /> * [[List of Carnatic singers]]<br /> * [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]<br /> * [[Trinity of Carnatic music]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur. 'Karnatak raga' (2000). In {{cite book|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music|last=Arnold|first=Alison|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|location=[[New York City|New York]] &amp; [[London]]|ref=Arnold2000}}<br /> * {{cite book|title=Romance of the Raga|last=Moorthy|first=Vijaya|year=2001|publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=[[New Delhi]]|ref=Moorthy2001}}<br /> * Nettl, B. (2009). In {{cite book|title=Musical Improvisation: Art, Education, and Society|last=Solis|first=Gabriel|author2=Nettl, Bruno|year=2009|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|ref=SolisNettl2009}}<br /> * {{cite book|title=Musical Composers during Wodeyar Dynasty (1638–1947 A.D.)|last=Pranesh|first=Meera Rajaram|year=2003|publisher=Vee Emm Publications|location=[[Bangalore]]|ref=Pranesh2003}}<br /> * {{cite book|title=The Harvard Dictionary of Music|last=Randel|first=Don Michael|year=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=United States|ref=Randel2003}}<br /> * Viswanathan, T. &amp; Cormack, Jody (1998). In {{cite book|title=In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation|last=Nettl|first=Bruno|author-link=Bruno Nettl|author2=Russell, Melinda|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|location=[[Chicago]] &amp; [[London]]|ref=NettlRussell1998|isbn=0-226-57411-3|date=15 December 1998|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/incourseofperfor0000unse}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book |title=The Music and Musical Instruments of southern India and the Deccan |author=Charles Russel Day |others=William Gibb (lllus.) |publisher=Novello, Ewer &amp; Co., London - |year=1891 |url=https://archive.org/stream/musicmusicalinst00dayc#page/n7/mode/2up }}<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica | edition=15 | year=2005 | article=[Carnatic music]}}<br /> * {{cite book | author= Panchapakesa Iyer, A. S.| title= Gānāmruta Varna Mālikā| publisher=Gānāmruta Prachuram | year=2003 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian Music}}<br /> {{Melakarta ragas}}<br /> {{Janya}}<br /> {{Violin family}}<br /> <br /> {{Karnataka topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Carnatic music| ]]<br /> [[Category:Indian styles of music]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of South India]]<br /> [[Category:Classical and art music traditions]]<br /> [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]<br /> [[Category:Carnatic violinists]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sankranthiki_Vasthunam&diff=532854 2026-03-17T16:17:58Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new basic info more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 film by Anil Ravipudi}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sankranthiki Vasthunam<br /> | image = Sankranthiki Vasthunam.jpeg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Anil Ravipudi]]<br /> | writer = Anil Ravipudi&lt;br /&gt;S. Krishna&lt;br /&gt;G. Adhinarayana<br /> | producer = [[Dil Raju]]&lt;br /&gt;Sirish<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]<br /> * [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]<br /> * [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = [[Sameer Reddy]]<br /> | editing = Tammiraju<br /> | music = [[Bheems Ceciroleo]]<br /> | studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]<br /> | distributor = Sri Venkateswara Creations&lt;br/&gt;[[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Pictures Films India]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2025|01|14|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 144 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNzI3MTIyMDI0MDAwMTY= |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = {{INR|50<br /> crore}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2025-04-04 |title=Digital platforms and Telugu cinema: Has the bubble burst? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/digital-platforms-and-telugu-cinema-has-the-bubble-burst/article69396060.ece |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|258–300 crore}}{{efn|name=&quot;bo&quot;|''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Saiyaara becomes 2nd biggest movie of 2025; THESE are top 10 highest-grossing films of the year |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment/saiyaara-becomes-2nd-biggest-movie-of-2025-these-are-top-10-highest-grossing-films-of-the-year/3927364/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; reported ₹258 crore and ''[[NDTV]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=2025-02-06 |title=Is South Cinema Finally Done With Violence? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/is-south-cinema-finally-done-with-violence-7649636 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[CNN-News18|News18]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sameeksha |date=2025-03-03 |title=First Blockbuster Of 2025: This Telugu Movie Is Topping OTT Charts After Entering Rs 300-Crore Club |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/first-blockbuster-of-2025-this-telugu-movie-is-topping-ott-charts-after-entering-rs-300-crore-club-ws-ab-9247463.html |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Hans India]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-01-30 |title=Venkatesh creates a record as 'Sankranthiki Vasthunnam' reaches 300 Cr milestone |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/venkatesh-creates-a-record-as-sankranthiki-vasthunnam-reaches-300-cr-milestone-940962 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Hindu]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-02 |title=Telugu cinema 2025: Hits prove elusive as the industry struggles to regain momentum |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/telugu-cinema-2025-hits-prove-elusive-as-the-industry-struggles-to-regain-momentum/article69758700.ece |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Economic Times]]'' have reported the {{INR|300 crore}} gross.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-02-11 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunnam sequel announced. When will the superhit Telegu movie be released? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-sequel-announced-when-will-the-superhit-telegu-movie-be-released/articleshow/118135526.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-10-13 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sankranthiki Vasthunam''''' ({{translation|We are coming for [[Sankranthi]]}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film|action comedy]] film written and directed by [[Anil Ravipudi]] and produced by [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]. It stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], and [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]. The film follows an ex-cop whose happy life is upended when his former girlfriend, who is also a police officer, seeks his help to rescue an abducted [[Non resident Indian|NRI]] [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] from a criminal gang. Throughout the mission, he finds himself caught in the crossfire between his suspicious wife and his former girlfriend. <br /> <br /> The film features music composed by [[Bheems Ceciroleo]] and cinematography by [[Sameer Reddy]]. [[Principal photography]] took place in [[Rajahmundry]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Dehradun]], [[Mussoorie]], and [[Rishikesh]]. <br /> <br /> ''Sankranthiki Vasthunam'' was released on 14 January 2025, coinciding with the Sankranthi festival, where it received generally positive reviews from both critics and audiences. It was a massive box office success, grossing over {{INR|258–300 crore}} worldwide and emerged as the [[List of Telugu films of 2025|first-highest grossing Telugu film of the year]].{{efn|name=&quot;bo&quot;}}<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Satya Akella, a prominent global businessman, arrives in India at the invitation of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Keshava for what is meant to be a strategic business retreat. During a visit to a secluded farmhouse, he is kidnapped by Biju Pandey’s gang, who plan to use him as leverage to secure the release of Biju’s imprisoned brother, Papa Pandey. However, the unyielding jailer George Antony refuses to free Papa without formal government authorization—something the Chief Minister is unwilling to provide, fearing political fallout.<br /> <br /> With the situation spiraling, police officer Meenakshi turns to her former lover, YD Raju, a retired encounter specialist known for his unorthodox methods. Now married to Bhagyam and a father of four, is reluctantly drawn back into action. Suspicious of their history, Bhagyam insists on joining the mission, bringing along her son, her father, and even their household worker, turning a high-stakes rescue into a chaotic family operation.<br /> <br /> The team infiltrates the prison and engineers a brawl to have Papa Pandey hospitalized, then cleverly manipulates George Antony and his subordinate Manikya Rao to extract him. But their plan derails when Papa accidentally falls off a cliff during a bizarre altercation with Bhagyam and is ultimately killed in a freak accident. Forced to improvise, Raju disguises Papa’s corpse and puppeteers it to deceive Biju Pandey, while tensions flare between Bhagyam and Meenakshi.<br /> <br /> The deception unravels amid a violent gang shootout, and Biju discovers his brother’s death. In the ensuing chaos, Raju eliminates Biju and dismantles his gang, successfully rescuing Akella. Yet instead of returning him immediately, Raju leverages the situation to confront the Chief Minister. He demands justice for his former teacher, who was falsely accused and humiliated by an MLA (Keshava’s own uncle) or else the truth about the kidnapping will be exposed.<br /> <br /> The teacher is publicly cleared, Akella returns safely to the United States. Raju resumes his family life, only to discover that Meenakshi has been transferred to his village as their new neighbor, reigniting unresolved tensions and setting the stage for further turmoil.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{castlist|<br /> * [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as ex-[[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Yadagiri Damodara Raju [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] &quot;Sinaraju&quot; alias YD Raju / Yama Dharma Raju <br /> ** Karthikeya Dev as young YD Raju<br /> * [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] as Bhagyalakshmi &quot;Bhagyam&quot; Sinaraju, Raju's wife<br /> * [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] as [[Assistant Commissioner|ACP]] C. Meenakshi IPS &quot;Meenu&quot;, Raju's ex-girlfriend<br /> * [[P. Sai Kumar]] as [[Police Constable|Constable]] P. Manikya Rao<br /> * [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Keshava, Ganesh's younger brother and [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|CM]] of Andhra Pradesh <br /> * [[VTV Ganesh]] as T. V. Ganesh, Keshava's elder brother, Party President<br /> * [[Sarvadaman D. Banerjee]] as [[Schoolmaster]] Yadagiri<br /> * [[Upendra Limaye]] as [[Prison officer|Jailer]] George Antony<br /> * [[Srinivas Avasarala]] in a dual role as Satya Akella and Prem<br /> * Bheemala Revanth Pavan Sai Subhash as Bulli Raju, Raju and Bhagyam's son<br /> * [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Bhagyam's father<br /> * [[Srikanth Iyengar]] as Rajahmundry [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]<br /> * Vadlamani Srinivas as [[Inspector-general of police#India|IG]] Srinivasa Rao<br /> * [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Sreenu, Keshava's family doctor<br /> * [[Babloo Prithiveeraj]] as Pankaj Pandey<br /> * [[Rajitha]] as Bhagyam’s mother<br /> * Anand Ramaraju as Bhagyam’s brother-in-law<br /> * [[Chandana Lakshmi Narasimha Rao (Chitti)]]<br /> * Pammi Sai as Raju and Bhagyam’s house-worker<br /> * Goparaju Vijay<br /> * Pradeep Kabra as Papa Pandey<br /> * Mahesh Balaraj as Bijju Pandey, Nayak’s rival<br /> * Nani Simha<br /> * [[Anantha Sriram]] as Prem Pandey<br /> * [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Billu Nayak<br /> * [[Amit Tiwari]] as Chota Nayak, Billu’s brother<br /> * Anand Raj as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] <br /> * [[Bheems Ceciroleo]] in a cameo appearance as DJ in &quot;Blockbuster Pongal&quot;<br /> * [[Anil Ravipudi]] as Raju’s neighbour in a cameo appearance<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> [[Anil Ravipudi]]'s third collaboration with [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] after ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2019) and ''[[F3: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2022) was announced in July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 July 2024 |title=SVC 58 : వైరటీ పోస్టర్ తో వెంకటేష్, అనిల్ రావిపూడి చిత్రం అనౌన్స్మెంట్.. |url=https://www.ntvtelugu.com/news/from-svc-58-movie-a-special-poster-has-released-by-movie-team-627368.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701154448/https://ntvtelugu.com/news/from-svc-58-movie-a-special-poster-has-released-by-movie-team-627368.html/amp |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV Telugu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced by [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] who also produced their earlier collaborations. [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] and [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] were cast as the female leads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=SVC 58: Venkatesh and Anil Ravipudi's third collaboration goes on floors |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/svc-58-venkatesh-and-anil-ravipudis-third-collaboration-goes-on-floors-watch/3b32020c23384/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716070041/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/amp/trending/svc-58-venkatesh-and-anil-ravipudis-third-collaboration-goes-on-floors-watch/3b32020c23384/ |archive-date=16 July 2024 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The title was announced as ''Sankrantiki Vasthunam'' in November 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 November 2024 |title=Venkatesh Daggubati's VenkyAnil3 is now titled Sankranthiki Vasthunam: First-look poster OUT! |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/venkatesh-daggubatis-venkyanil3-is-now-titled-sankranthiki-vasthunam-first-look-poster-out/903186b2fb695/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201194310/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/venkatesh-daggubatis-venkyanil3-is-now-titled-sankranthiki-vasthunam-first-look-poster-out/903186b2fb695/ |archive-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] began on 11 July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=VenkyAnil3 SHOOT BEGINS: వెంకటేష్, అనిల్ రావిపూడిల సినిమా షూటింగ్ ప్రారంభం - టాలీవుడ్‌లోకి 'యానిమల్' నటుడు ఎంట్రీ, ఇదిగో మేకింగ్ వీడియో |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/cinema/venkatesh-and-anil-ravipudi-s-venky-anil-3-movie-shoot-begins-and-filming-key-sequences-with-some-of-the-main-cast-171040/amp |website=[[ABP News|ABP Live Telugu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming took place in [[Rajahmundry]], [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Koraput]], [[Dehradun]], [[Mussoorie]] and [[Rishikesh]]. The climax of the film was shot in [[Kadapa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title='Sankranthiki Vasthunnam' is filming a song in Dehradun |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-is-filming-a-song-in-dehradun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125101951/https://telugucinema.com/news/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-is-filming-a-song-in-dehradun |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> {{Main|Sankranthiki Vasthunam (soundtrack)}}<br /> The soundtrack album was released on 14 January 2025 after the film's release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Celebrate this Sankranti with high-energy beats and vibrant vibes! 💃🎉 Sankranthiki Vasthunam full album is out now |url=https://x.com/tseriessouth/status/1879161285872664890 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |via=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ==Release==<br /> ===Theatrical===<br /> ''Sankranthiki Vasthunam'' was released in theatres on 14 January 2025, coinciding with [[Sankranthi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 November 2024 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunnam's release date announced |url=https://www.telugucinema.com/news/sankranthiki-vasthunnams-release-date-announced%3famp |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Distribution=== <br /> The overseas rights were acquired by Phars Film Co, while Shloka Entertainments bought the distribution rights for [[North America]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2025 |title=#SankranthikiVasthunam US Bookings opened now! |url=https://x.com/TeluguChitraalu/status/1875937540139819404 |via=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 December 2024 |title=Delivering the ULTIMATEFESTIVE ENTERTAINER #సంక్రాంతికివస్తున్నాం for audiences of all ages this SANKRANTHI!🤩#SankranthikiVasthunam North America Release by @ShlokaEnts💥 |url=https://x.com/ShlokaEnts/status/1865753247232733211 |via=[[Twitter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[United Kingdom]] theatrical rights were sold to Dreamz Entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=#SankranthiSandadiShuru in 5 DAYS 😍 UK Premieres on jan 13 😍 ❤️ UK RELEASE BY @TeamDreamZE |url=https://x.com/TeamDreamZE/status/1877384921351623082 |via=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt; The distribution rights in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] were acquired by Hamsini Entertainment and Tolly Movies International.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2024 |title=#SankranthikiVasthunam Australia 🇦🇺 &amp; New Zealand 🇳🇿 Release by @tolly_movies &amp; @Hamsinien💥 |url=https://x.com/tolly_movies/status/1872983926303547462 |via=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Home media===<br /> The satellite and digital rights of the film were acquired by [[Zee Telugu]] and [[ZEE5]], respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2025 |title=#SankranthikiVasthunam satellite rights acquired by #ZeeTelugu |url=https://x.com/telugutvupdts/status/1877716283988537671 |via=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 2025 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunam locks OTT platform: Where to watch the Venkatesh starrer |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-locks-ott-platform-where-to-watch-the-venkatesh-starrer/ffcce3e8c9484 |website=[[OTTplay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ZEE5 acquired the film's digital streaming rights for ₹30 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; The film was telecast on Zee Telugu before its [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] release on 1 March 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2024 |title=Venkatesh starrer 'Sankranthiki Vasthunnam' to premiere on TV before OTT? Here's what we know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/venkatesh-starrer-sankranthiki-vasthunnam-to-premiere-on-tv-before-ott-heres-what-we-know/articleshow/118135777.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It began streaming on ZEE5 from 1 March 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunam OTT release date: Venkatesh Daggubati's hit available for streaming; when and where to watch ? |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/sankranthiki-vasthunam-ott-release-date-venkatesh-daggubatis-telugu-hit-streaming-when-where-to-watch-zee5-march-1-11740720702108.html |website=mint |date=28 February 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;''Sankranthiki Vasthunnam'' is a perfect festival watch packed with loads of entertainment. Venkatesh leads from the front, delivering a hilarious performance. While the predictable storyline may not appeal to everyone, the family audience is sure to enjoy the film.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunnam Review: A paisa vasool family drama that entertains thoroughly |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-review-a-paisa-vasool-family-drama-that-entertains-thoroughly/704e3cd759913 |website=[[OTTplay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; T. Maruthi Acharya of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;With its mix of engaging comedy and uneven storytelling, ''Sankranthiki Vasthunnam'' is a decent outing for families seeking light-hearted entertainment.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunnam review: Venkatesh, Ravipudi deliver a generic but fun film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sankranthiki-vasthunnam-review-venkatesh-ravipudi-deliver-a-generic-but-fun-film-2664483-2025-01-14 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; B.H. Harish of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;But then again, it depends on you if you want to judge this film from that lens. For everyone else who merely wants to have a few hearty laughs, ''Sankranthiki Vasthunam'' offers them in plenty.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunam Movie Review: An almost overwhelming, roller-coaster of a feast! |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Jan/14/sankranthiki-vasthunam-movie-review-an-almost-overwhelming-roller-coaster-of-a-feast |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;''Sankranthiki Vasthunnam'' will often make you laugh, especially if you are a fan of out-and-out slapstick comedies. A focused script, tighter editing and impressive cinematography would have elevated the film a few notches. The muddled-up storyline and how the events pan out leave much to be desired.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Sankranthiki Vasthunam Movie Review: Venkatesh, Anil Ravipudi's Film Is Intermittently Funny |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/sankranthiki-vasthunam-movie-review-venkatesh-anil-ravipudis-film-is-intermittently-funny-review-117224682/amp |website=[[Times Now]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sequel==<br /> After the success of ''Sankranthiki Vasthunam'', Ravipudi planned a sequel named ''Malli Sankranthiki Vasthunam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2025 |title=Anil Ravipudi hints at Sankranthiki Vasthunam's sequel; reveals title |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/19/anil-ravipudi-hints-at-sankranthiki-vasthunams-sequel-reveals-title |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|31226981}}<br /> <br /> {{Anil Ravipudi}}<br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 action comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Anil Ravipudi]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Bheems Ceciroleo]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Dehradun]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kasaragod]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Mussoorie]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Sri Venkateswara Creations films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravanaprabhu&diff=529940 2026-03-17T09:35:17Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2001 film directed by Ranjith}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ravanaprabhu<br /> | image = Raavanaprabhu.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = 100 days success poster<br /> | director = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]<br /> | producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]<br /> | writer = Ranjith<br /> | starring = [[Mohanlal]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vasundhara Das]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vijayaraghavan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]<br /> | music = '''Music''':&lt;br/&gt;[[Suresh Peters]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Score''':&lt;br/&gt;C. Rajamani<br /> | cinematography = [[P. Sukumar]]<br /> | editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]<br /> | studio = [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]<br /> | distributor = [[Swargachitra Appachan|Swargachithra]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2001|8|31}}<br /> | runtime = 178 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | gross = {{INR}}19.70 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;fc&quot;&gt;2001 First release: {{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=What Was The Biggest Malayalam Hit In The Year You Were Born? |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-movies-what-was-the-biggest-malayalam-hit-in-the-year-you-were-born-mohanlal-mammootty-prithviraj-fazil |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=[[Film Companion]] |quote=Original release: {{INR}}15 crore}}<br /> *2025 Re-release: {{Cite web |date=October 25, 2025 |title=നാഗവല്ലിയെ തളച്ച് മംഗലശ്ശേരി കാർത്തികേയൻ, റീറിലീസിൽ മുന്നില് രണ്ട് ചിത്രങ്ങള് മാത്രം<br /> |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/10/25/ravanaprabhu-breaks-manichitrathazhus-collection-record |trans-title=Ravanaprabhu breaks Manichitrathazhu's collection record |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml |quote=2025 Re-release: {{INR}}4.70 crore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ravanaprabhu''''' ({{Translation|Lord [[Ravana]]}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[masala film]] written and directed by [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] in his directorial debut. It is a sequel to the 1993 film ''[[Devaasuram]]'' written by Ranjith and directed by [[I. V. Sasi|I.V. Sasi]]. The film stars [[Mohanlal]] in dual roles of Mangalassery Neelakandan and M. N. Karthikeyan, father and son. [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] reprises the role of Neelakandan's [[archenemy]] Mundackal Shekharan. It also features [[Vasundhara Das]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], and [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]. [[Revathi]] reprises the role of Bhanumathi in a [[cameo appearance]]. The plot follows M. N. Karthikeyan, Neelakandan's son and his attempts to reclaim their ancestral home Mangalassery ''[[tharavadu]]''. The film features original songs composed by [[Suresh Peters]] and background score by C. Rajamani.<br /> <br /> ''Ravanaprabhu'' was released on 31 August 2001 and received generally positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over {{INR}}15 crores during its theatrical run, making it the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest-grossing Malayalam movie of 2001]]. Among its [[#Awards|various accolades]], ''Ravanaprabhu'' won the [[Kerala State Film Awards]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] for [[K. J. Yesudas]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> <br /> The story begins with Mangalassery Neelakandan's ('Neelan') son Karthikeyan, as he ventures out to make money - ultimately becoming a wealthy businessman and a liquor baron, while Neelakandan - with the passage of time - is burdened by liabilities and is in dire financial position. The relationship between Neelan and Karthikeyan becomes strained, as Neelan disapproves of his son's money-making methods.<br /> <br /> Mundakkal Shekaran Nambiar - now an established industrialist and the owner of a multispeciality hospital - was imprisoned in the past for killing one of Neelan's friends, Kunjananthan, decades ago on Neelan's and Bhanumathi's wedding day. He still carries a grudge against Neelan for severing the former's right-hand years ago. Shekaran decides to ruin the Mangalassery family by taking over the chairmanship of a debt-ridden bank to confiscate the Mangalassery ancestral house ([[Tharavadu]]) which is [[Mortgage loan|mortgage]]d to the bank for the educational expenses of Suhara, daughter of one of Neelan's aides, Hydrose.<br /> <br /> Bhanumathi seeks treatment at Shekaran's hospital. Even though Dr. Janaki, Shekaran's daughter, offers her the treatment she requires, Shekaran denies her treatment and asks her aides to leave the hospital, but Neelan arrives on time and berates Shekaran. Neelan tries to have her treatee elsewhere, but Bhanumathi passes away in her sleep. Neelan is shattered. Karthikeyan is unable to arrive on time to set fire to his mother's funeral pyre - Neelan performs the funeral rituals of Bhanumathi - and is now bent on taking revenge on Shekaran. He vandalises the hospital as revenge.<br /> <br /> Neelan loses his home - as Shekaran, his nephew Rajendran and the board of directors of the Bank decide to attach the Mangalassery House - and Karthikeyan ventures out in an attempt to reclaim the ancestral home – where Bhanumathi was cremated and the urn of her ashes stands on the Mangalassery soil. He tries to acquire the house legally from an auction with the assistance of the state's Home Minister and MLA Sivadasan (Kunjananthan's son and Karthikeyan's childhood friend), but Shekaran and the cunning Rajendran, along with the latter's evil accomplice Maniyampra Purushothaman, acquire it back using a faux concealed tender. As a last resort, Karthikeyan seizes Purushothaman's S Class [[Mercedes-Benz]] car and also abducts Janaki in an attempt to blackmail Shekaran, and hides her at the house of his friend, Sakhtivel Gounder, in [[Pollachi]]. It is during this time that Karthikeyan and Janaki fall in love with each other.<br /> <br /> Karthikeyan gets the Mangalassery Tharavadu back when Shekaran strikes a compromise without the knowledge of Rajendran and Janaki's fiancé, Sreenivasan Nambiar IPS. Janaki is subsequently released. As a result of arguments with Sreenivasan about her chastity while being in the custody of Karthikeyan, and her not giving a written statement to the police against him because of her liking towards Karthikeyan, their wedding is called off by Janaki.<br /> <br /> Rajendran makes a last attempt to kill Karthikeyan, but instead kills Neelan by lighting him on fire. Rajendran in turn is killed by Neelan after a perfect knife throw, piercing through his throat. Karthikeyan, now infuriated due to his father's murder, goes on to kill Shekaran by burning him. But an elderly Warrier stops him and brings him back. Shekaran realises his mistakes, as well as the influence of the kind Warrier on both Neelan and Karthikeyan (Warrier's intervention prevented Neelan from killing Shekaran decades ago: in [[Devasuram]]).<br /> <br /> In the end, the urns of Bhanumathi and Neelan are shown; Karthikeyan becomes the head of the Mangalassery house, and Sreenivasan parts ways with Janaki on a happy note. Karthikeyan and Janaki are happily married with everyone's blessings.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Mohanlal]] in dual roles as:<br /> **Mangalassery Neelakandan &quot;Neelan&quot; <br /> **Mangalassery Neelakandan (M. N.) Karthikeyan &quot;Karthi&quot;, Neelan's son <br /> ***Vishnu Sasikumar as Young Karthikeyan<br /> *[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Mundakkal Shekharan Nambiar <br /> *[[Vasundhara Das]] as Janaki Nambiar, Shekharan's daughter and Karthi's love interest<br /> **[[Sanusha]] as Young Janaki<br /> *[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] Sreenivasan Nambiar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Janaki's ex fiance and later becomes Karthikeyan's friend in the end<br /> *[[Vijayaraghavan]] as Mundakkal Rajendran Nambiar, Shekharan's nephew <br /> *[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] as Unni, Karthi's friend and business partner <br /> *[[Manoj K. Jayan]] as MLA Sivadasan, Kunjananthan's son and Karthi's childhood friend<br /> *[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Warrier, caretaker of the Mangalassery house and Neelan's confidant<br /> *[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Hydrose, Neelan's friend<br /> *[[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Kuruppu, Neelan's friend <br /> *[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Sakthivel Gounder<br /> *[[Jagadish]] as Guruswami, Gounder's assistant<br /> *[[N. F. Varghese]] as Paul, Karthikeyan's close associate <br /> *[[Ratheesh]] as Maniyampra Purushothaman (MP), Rajendran's partner friend<br /> * P.J.Radhakrishnan as Minister Madhavan <br /> *[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] as Dr. Suhra Hydrose, Hydrose's daughter<br /> *[[Fathima Babu]] as Sreedevi, Shekaran's wife and Janaki's mother<br /> *[[Nadirsha]] as Salaam Hydrose, Suhra's younger brother and Hydrose's son<br /> *[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Chandran Nambiar, Sreenivasan's father<br /> *[[Sukumari]] as Gounder's mother<br /> *[[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as Nateshan, Rajendran's henchman <br /> *[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Gounder's wife<br /> *[[Manju Pillai]] as Kumudam, Gounder's younger sister<br /> *[[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Vikraman, goon<br /> *[[Besant Ravi]] as goon<br /> *[[Joju George]] as Police officer (uncredited) <br /> *[[Madhupal]] as Harinarayanan, Peringodu Sankara Marar's son ([[cameo appearance]])<br /> *[[Revathi]] as Bhanumathi (Bhanu), Neelan's wife and Karthi's mother (cameo appearance)<br /> *[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Mundakkal Kunjikrishnan Nambiar (photo archive)<br /> *[[Ramu (actor)|Ramu]] as Kunjananthan, MLA Sivadasan's late father (cameo appearance)<br /> <br /> *[[Vindhya (actress)|Vindhya]] as [[Item girl]] in song &quot;Pottukuthedi&quot;<br /> *[[Kashmera Shah]] as [[Item girl]] in song &quot;Thakilu Pukilu&quot;<br /> }}<br /> ===Family Tree===<br /> † Indicates a deceased character.&lt;br /&gt;<br /> {{align|left|'''Mangalassery Family'''}}<br /> {{align|right|'''Mundakkal Family'''}} &lt;br /&gt;<br /> {{Tree chart/start|align=center|summary=An example family tree}}<br /> {{Tree chart| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||RKN| RKN=Mundakkal Ramakrishnan Nambiar †|}}<br /> {{Tree chart||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||,|^|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}<br /> {{Tree chart|MMM|-|YSD|y|UNK ||AM|v|MVI|||||||PRSWN|v|BGV||||KK|YSD=Yasodha †|MMM=Mangalassery Madhava Menon †|UNK=Unknown|BGV=Bhargavi Nambiar †|PRSWN=Parameswaran †|KK=Kunjikrishnan Nambiar †|AM=Mampatta Appukutty Nair †|MVI=Madhavi †}}<br /> {{Tree chart| | | | | | ||!||||,|-|-|-|^|.||||||||||,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}<br /> {{Tree chart|||||||MN|v|BHMT| ||SDH|-|ACN||||MSKN|v|SD|||LKM|v|KRSN| ||BHMT=Bhanumathi †|MN=Mangalassery Neelakandan †||KRSN=Krishnan †|LKM=Lakshmi Nambiar|MSKN=Mundakkal Shekharan Nambiar|SD=Sreedevi|SDH=Sarada †|ACN=Achuthan|KA=Kunjananthan}}<br /> {{Tree chart| | | | | || |||!|||||||||||||||||||!|||||||||!|}}<br /> {{Tree chart|||||||||MNK|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|JNK|||||||RJDN |||||||||||MNK=Karthikeyan|JNK=Janaki Nambiar|RJDN=Rajendran Nambiar†|SVD=Sivadasan|SH=Dr. Suhra Hydrose|SLH=Salaam Hydrose}}<br /> {{Tree chart/end}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ''Ravanaprabhu'' marks the directorial debut of [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] and acts as a sequel to the 1993 film ''[[Devaasuram]]'' written by Ranjith. The plot follows M. N. Karthikeyan, a new character, the son of Mangalasserry Neelakandan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=സൂര്യവര്‍ധന്‍|title=ഇവിടെയുണ്ട് അയാള്‍, എം എന്‍ കാര്‍ത്തികേയന്‍ !|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/nostalgia/mn-karthikeyan.html|access-date=5 October 2019|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=16 July 2015|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vasundhara Das]] played the female lead role, who debuted in Malayalam with the film. She started by filming the song &quot;Pottukuthedi&quot; which was shot in five days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=അഭിനയരംഗത്ത് നിന്നും മാറിനില്‍ക്കാന്‍ കാരണം; മനസ്സുതുറന്ന് വസുന്ധര ദാസ്|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/vasundhara-das-talks-about-ravanaprabhu-acting-with-mohanlal-mammootty-come-back-life-family-1.4162153|access-date=5 October 2019|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=1 October 2019|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kanal Kannan]] was the action choreographer of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=മനോരമ ലേഖകൻ |title=രാവണപ്രഭുവിലെ 'ഗപ്പ്' കിട്ടിയ ആ തല്ലിന് പിന്നിൽ കനൽ കണ്ണൻ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2018/12/10/behind-mohanlal-and-sidhique-fighting-in-public-road-scene.html|access-date=5 October 2019|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=10 December 2018|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Karthikeyan vs. SP Sreenivasan fight scene featuring [[Mohanlal]] and [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] was choreographed by [[Kanal Kannan]], who then worked in the film. ''Ravanaprabhu'' marks the debut work of Hein in [[Malayalam cinema]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sidhardhan|first=Sanjith|title=Peter Hein first choreographed Mohanlal's action scenes in Ravanaprabhu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/peter-hein-first-choreographed-mohanlals-action-scenes-in-ravanaprabhu/articleshow/67055836.cms|access-date=5 October 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Ravanaprabhu<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Suresh Peters]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 2001<br /> | recorded = 2001<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 31:05<br /> | label = [[East Coast Vijayan|East Coast Audio]]<br /> | producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Thenkasipattanam]]<br /> | prev_year = 2000<br /> | next_title = [[Hanuman Junction (film)|Hanuman Junction]]<br /> | next_year = 2001<br /> }}<br /> The film's soundtrack includes five songs composed by [[Suresh Peters]] and written by [[Gireesh Puthenchery]]. &quot;Vandemukunda Hare&quot; was song taken from the prequel ''[[Devaasuram]]'' originally sung and composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]. The soundtrack album was released by the label East Coast Audio Entertainments.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ravanaprabhu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Suresh Peters|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/ravanaprabhu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/894275896|publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=5 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's [[background score]] was composed by C. Rajamani.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Ravanaprabhu<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> <br /> | title1 = Ariyathe Ariyathe<br /> | note1 = <br /> | extra1 = [[P. Jayachandran]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | length1 = 5:32<br /> <br /> | title2 = Pottukuthedi<br /> | note2 = <br /> | extra2 = [[Palakkad Sreeram]], [[Swarnalatha]]<br /> | length2 = 4:29<br /> <br /> | title3 = Aakashadheepangal Sakshi<br /> | note3 =<br /> | extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br /> | length3 = 4:07<br /> <br /> | title4 = Aattoram Azhakoram<br /> | note4 = <br /> | extra4 = [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br /> | length4 = 4:46<br /> <br /> | title5 = Aakashadheepangal Sakshi<br /> | note5 = <br /> | extra5 = K. S. Chithra<br /> | length5 = 4:07<br /> <br /> | title6 = Vande Mukundahare<br /> | note6 = <br /> | extra6 = Nikhil<br /> | length6 = 2:08<br /> <br /> | title7 = Ariyathe Ariyathe<br /> | note7 = <br /> | extra7 = K. S. Chithra<br /> | length7 = 5:32<br /> <br /> | title8 = Thakilu Pukilu<br /> | note8 = <br /> | extra8 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Radhika Thilak]], Prabhakaran, [[Mohanlal]]<br /> | length8 = 5:42<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''Ravanaprabhu'' was released as an [[Onam]] festival release on 31 August 2001. A digitally remastered [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Dolby Atmos]] version of ''Ravanaprabhu'' was released theatrically on 10 October 2025,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Ravanaprabhu 4K Rerelease: Savari Giri Giri, again |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/features/2025/Oct/09/ravanaprabhu-4k-rerelease-savari-giri-giri-again |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=Gayathri |date=September 20, 2025 |title=Ravanaprabhu: Mohanlal's hit sequel of Devaasuram to re-release on this date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ravanaprabhu-mohanlals-hit-sequel-of-devaasuram-to-re-release-on-this-date/8832eeff75312 |access-date=September 26, 2025 |website=[[HT Media#Digital businesses|OTTPlay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; having a special premiere on 9 October 2025 at Kavitha theatre, [[Ernakulam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2025 |title=ഇതാൻടാ മോഹൻലാൽവുഡ്, തിയേറ്റർ ഇളക്കിമറിച്ച് ലാലേട്ടന്റെ പിള്ളേർ; ആഘോഷമായി രാവണപ്രഭു സ്പെഷ്യൽ ഷോ |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/10/10/ravanaprabhu-special-show-celebration-by-mohanlal-fans |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''Ravanaprabhu'' received generally positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success at box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Anjali |date=2024-10-29 |title=Who is Ranjith Balakrishnan? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/who-is-ranjith-balakrishnan-meet-national-award-winning-filmmaker-who-is-accused-of-sexual-assault-on-male-artist-1355863 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film grossed over {{INR}}15 crores during its initial theatrical run,&lt;ref name=&quot;fc&quot; /&gt; making it the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest-grossing Malayalam movie of 2001]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-08-31 |title=20 years of ‘Ravanaprabhu’: Interesting facts about the Mohanlal starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/20-years-of-ravanaprabhu-interesting-facts-about-the-mohanlal-starrer/photostory/85800538.cms?picid=85800587 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-10-06 |title=Lalettan-Mammukka clash at the box office after a gap of 15 years |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/lalettan-mammukka-clash-box-office-after-gap-15-years-50944 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohanlal's frequently used punchline ''Savari Giri Giri'' became a popular catchphrase.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Onmanorama staff |title='KGF' star Yash impresses with Mohanlal's punch dialogue|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2019/01/04/kannada-actor-yash-sings-malayalam-song-and-mohanlal-dialogue.html |access-date=5 October 2019|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot; /&gt;<br /> In re-release the film has collected {{INR}}70 lakhs in day one, {{INR}}1.42 crores in 2 days&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2025 |title=റിലീസ് ദിനത്തെ മറികടന്ന് രണ്ടാം ദിനം! ബോക്സ് ഓഫീസില്‍ 'കാര്‍ത്തികേയന്‍ ഷോ'; 'രാവണപ്രഭു' 2 ദിനത്തില്‍ നേടിയത് |trans-title=Ravanaprabhu 2 days box office collection |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/ravanaprabhu-day-2-box-office-mohanlal-ranjith-aashirvad-cinemas-articleshow-6q5d3g6 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; and {{INR}}2.30 in 3 days.&lt;ref name=&quot;rtv&quot; &gt;{{Cite web |date=October 13, 2025 |title='ഇനി ഇതുപോലൊരു പടം കിട്ടാൻ പ്രയാസമാണ്, ഓരോ ഡയലോഗും മാസ് ആൻഡ് ക്ലാസ്, രാവണപ്രഭു ഇതുവരെ എത്ര നേടി? |trans-title=How much has Ravanaprabhu earned from the box office so far |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/10/13/how-much-has-ravana-prabhu-earned-from-the-box-office-so-far |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> ;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]<br /> * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]]<br /> * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br /> <br /> ;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film Critics Awards Complete List From 1977 Till 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |website=Kerala Film Critics Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Popular Film|Best Popular Film]] – [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] (director)<br /> * Best Choreographer – Kumar-Shanthi<br /> <br /> ;[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br /> * [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director]] (Malayalam) – [[Suresh Peters]]<br /> <br /> ;[[Asianet Film Awards]]<br /> * [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[P. Jayachandran]]<br /> * [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]<br /> * [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Makeup Artist|Best Makeup Artist]] – P. V. Shankar, Salim<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0298514}}<br /> * [https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/know-ravanaprabhu-courier-service-dubai-based-malayali-outwits-online-fraudster-90801 &quot;Know Ravanaprabhu courier service? Dubai-based Malayali outwits online fraudster&quot;. ''The News Minute'' article]<br /> <br /> {{Aashirvad Cinemas}}<br /> {{Ranjith (director)}}<br /> {{Ranjith}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> [[Category:2001 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Suresh Peters]]<br /> [[Category:2001 action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2001 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sequel films]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam films in series|!Mangalassery2]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Ranjith (director)]]<br /> [[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction about rivalry]]<br /> [[Category:Films about feuds]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot at Varikkasseri Mana]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]<br /> [[Category:Aashirvad Cinemas films]]<br /> [[Category:Twins in Indian films]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polo_Forest&diff=472749 2026-03-15T03:41:02Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: slightly correct details per standard format also and added references as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Short description|Dry mixed deciduous forest in Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Infobox forest<br /> | name = Polo Forest<br /> | native_name = Vijaynagar forest<br /> | native_lang = <br /> | native_name2 = <br /> | native_lang2 = <br /> | image = Polo Forest Area.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Polo forest<br /> | image_size = <br /> | map = India Gujarat<br /> | map_caption = Location in Gujarat<br /> | map_width = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|display=title, inline}}<br /> | county = <br /> | region = Gujarat<br /> | country = India<br /> | elevation = <br /> | area = {{convert|400|sqkm|acre}}<br /> | max_area = <br /> | date_max_area = <br /> | status = State ownership<br /> | established = <br /> | visitation = <br /> | visitation_year = <br /> | events = <br /> | authority = <br /> | website = <br /> | ecosystem = [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]<br /> | classification_WWF = [[Indo-Malayan]]<br /> | classification_EPA = <br /> | classification_CEC = <br /> | disturbance = <br /> | forest_cover = <br /> | species = <br /> | indicator_plants = <br /> | lesser_flora = <br /> | fauna = <br /> }}<br /> '''Polo forest''', also known as '''Vijaynagar forest''', is a dry mixed [[deciduous]] forest near Abhapur village in Vijaynagar Taluka, [[Sabarkantha district]], [[Gujarat]], India. It is located at the foothills of the [[Aravalli Range]] and on the banks of perennial Harnav river, spread over the area of {{convert|400|sqkm|acre}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;GT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Flora and fauna==<br /> [[File:Panoramic view of a lake within polo forest.jpg|thumb|A lake within Polo forest|300px]]<br /> It is an example of [[Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|southern tropical dry deciduous forests]] with subtype dry teak forests (5A/C-1b) according to Champion &amp; Seth classification.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> After monsoon, between September and December, the forest becomes lush. There are more than 450 species of medicinal plants, around 275 of birds, 30 of mammals, 9 species of fishes and 32 of reptiles. About 79 tree species, 24 of herbs and shrubs, 16 of climbers, 18 of grasses and bamboos are reported in the area. There are sloth bears, leopards, panthers, hyenas, water fowls, raptors, [[passerine]]s, four-horned antelopes, [[Civet|common civet]], jungle cats, and flying squirrels. During winter, The forest attracts migratory birds during winter and wetland birds during monsoon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/polo-forest-site.htm|title=Polo Forest Site|website=Principal Chief Conservator of Forest &amp; Head of the Forest Force (HoFF), Government of Gujarat|language=en|access-date=2018-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gujenvis.nic.in/PDF/soe-forest.pdf|title=State of Environment Reports of Gujarat|publisher=The State ENVIS Hub : Status of Environment &amp; Related Issues - Gujarat}}&lt;/ref&gt; The forest also has the endangered [[Indian grey hornbill|Grey Hornbill]] and [[Brown-headed Barbet]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GT&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The forest is at the boundary of teak forests in India as teaks do not grow north of valley of Harnar river. It is a forest north of Narmada river where multiple levels of trees are easily distinguishable.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> There was a town established by the [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]] kings of [[Idar State|Idar]] around the Harnav river probably in the 10th century. It was conquered by the [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]s of [[Marwar]] in 15th century and came under [[Idar State]]. The town was located between two high hills, Kalaliyo and Mamrehchi, which blocks sunlight for the most days which probably resulted in the abandonment of the town.&lt;ref name=&quot;GT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The name ''Polo'' is derived from ''pol'' which literally means a gate in [[Marwari language]] and Gujarati language.&lt;ref name=&quot;GT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Polo monuments==<br /> <br /> The forest has ruins of several 15th-century Hindu and [[Jain]] temples such as Sharneshwar Shiva temple, Sadevant Savlinga na Dera, Surya Mandir and Lakhena na Dera. These temples are restored and managed by the state archaeology department.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Sabarkantha|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|year=1974|pages=90–91}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sharaneshwar Shiva Temple===<br /> [[File:Sarneshwar, Polo Forest.JPG|thumb|Sharneshwar Shiva Temple]]<br /> The 15th-century Sharaneshwar temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] is located in Abhapur. It is a three-storeyed temple with fortified wall around it having gates in east and west. It is in dilapidated condition. It has a ''[[Garbhagriha|grabhgriha]]'', ''[[antarala]]'', ''gudhamandpa'' (central shrine), ''nandi-mandapa/sabhamandpa'' in front and ''pradakshina'' (ambulatory) around the central shrine. There are two porches on the sides. There is a ''[[Yagna kund|yagnakunda]]'' with well carved ''vedi'' in front of the temple. The ''mandovara'', ''pitha'' (base) and ''vedika'' are adorned with [[Māru-Gurjara architecture|post-Chaulukya style]]d carvings. The round pillars differ from this style and are plain with intervals of ringlets on the shaft and inverted lotus patterned capital and base. The ''[[shikhara]]'' and roofs of porches and ''[[mandapa]]'' are destroyed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot;/&gt; The carvings on exterior walls include double ''jangha'' adorned with images of [[Yama]], [[Bhairava]], [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva]], [[Indra]], [[Parvati]], [[Indrani]], [[Ganesha]]; social life scenes; bands of humans, elephants, swans and plants. There are ruins of some minor temples nearby. There is a temple of four-handed [[Chamunda]] nearby.<br /> <br /> A [[paliya]] (hero stone) in the compound records date of Vikram Samvat 1554 and Shaka Samvat 1420 and mentions Rao Bhana as the ruler of Idar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Lakhera’s Dera===<br /> {{Main|Jain temples, Abhapur}}<br /> [[File:History of polo forest.jpg|thumb|Lakhera's Temple]]<br /> [[File:Polo Monument and Vijaynagar Forest- Jain Temples.jpg|thumb|Jain Temples]]<br /> [[File:Outer wall of Lakhena Jain temple - Abhapur - Gujarat - DSC001.jpg|thumb|Lakha Mandir Outer Wall]]<br /> <br /> These 15th-century Jain temples are also located in Abhapur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot; /&gt;<br /> [[File:Sbl5.jpg|thumb|Carved [[jali]] screen on the [[mandapa]] of &quot;Jain temple 1&quot;, 15th century]]<br /> ;Jain Temple 1<br /> The large sandstone temple had well carved ceiling and perforated stone screens in the ''[[mandapa]]'' which have various natural and geometric patterns. It is two storeyed temple with ''gudhamandapa'' and ''antarala''. The ''trika-mandapa'' connects two ''mandapa''s at different levels. The antarala ceiling has a beautiful sculpture. The pillars are profusely carved and look similar to the [[Dilwara Temples|temples on Mount Abu]]. On the lintel of the doorframe of the sanctum, there is an image of Jain [[Tirthankara]] [[Parshwanatha]] with his attendant deity [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]] on the sides. It is approximately 150 feet by 70 feet in area and has turned black due to exposure to the sun and rain. The temple seem enclosed in a fortification and formerly surrounded by 52 ''devkulika'' shrines.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ;Jain Temple 2<br /> Built in bricks and marble, it was a ''tri-angi'' (tri-element) temple having sanctum, ''antarala'' and ''mandapa'' which can be identified from its surviving plinth. It also has Parshwanatha on its lintel of the doorframe of the sanctum. Adorned with [[Kirtimukha]] motifs, the threshold has images of [[Kubera]] on its both ends.<br /> <br /> ;Jain Temple 3<br /> Similar to temple 2 in layout, it is also tri-element temple but with more ornamentation. Built in bricks and sandstone, this ''Nagara'' style temple has Indra as a guardian in the surviving doorframe of the ''mandapa''. On its exterior walls, it has images of [[Chakreshwari]], Padmavati and [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]] associated with Jain Tirthankara [[Rishabhanatha]], Parshwanatha and [[Neminatha]] respectively. It also has niches without images.<br /> <br /> ===Trayatan Shiva Temple (Temple with Kund)===<br /> <br /> The east-facing sandstone Shiva temple located in Abhapur has only sanctum and ''mandapa'' surviving. The exterior walls are adorned with divinities, [[Apsara]]s and [[Vyala]]. There is a sandstone ''Kund'' (water tank) in northwest of the temple. It has steps in the right angles to the sides which become parallel when reach bottom. There are two ruined minor temples probably dedicated to Lakshminarayan and Shakti nearby which are locally known as Sasu Vahu temples.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Shiva-Shakti Temple===<br /> The west-facing sandstone temple dedicated Shiva and Shakti is dated 15th century. It is a ''chaturangi'' (four-elements) temple having sanctum, ''antarala'', ''mandapa'' and ''pravesh-chawki''. On the exterior walls, there are sculptures of Indra and Indrani, Shiva and Parvati as well as [[Brahma]] and [[Brahmani (Matrika)|Brahmani]]. On the doorframe and elsewhere, there are sculptures of [[Surya]], the solar deity, and Suryani. Other sculptures include [[Ganesha]], [[Apsara]]s, ''darpankanya'' (girl holding a mirror), ascetics and animals.<br /> <br /> There is a ruined but large Surya temple nearby. The image of the deity is lost.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guj19742&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Tourism==<br /> The [[Government of Gujarat]] organises the Polo Festival every year.&lt;ref name=&quot;GT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/12/82|title=Polo Monument and Vijaynagar Forest|website=Gujarat Tourism|language=en|access-date=2018-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0206]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Environment of Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Forests of India]]<br /> [[Category:Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Sabarkantha district]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhanvantari&diff=461617 2026-03-11T09:56:37Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: general adjusted details per sources additionally and improved wording to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Physician of the devas in Hinduism}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2017}} <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox deity&lt;!--Bharatpedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--&gt;<br /> | type = Hindu<br /> | image = Dhanvantari-at-Ayurveda-expo.jpg<br /> | caption = [[Murti]] of Dhanvantari<br /> | name = Dhanvantari<br /> | Devanagari = धन्वन्तरि<br /> | affiliation = [[Vaishnavism]], [[Vishnu|Adi Narayana]], [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]], [[Siddhar]]<br /> | god_of = God of [[Ayurveda]]&lt;br&gt;Physician of the devas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhanvantari#purana | title=Dhanvantari, Dhanvamtari: 22 definitions | date=29 June 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | abode = Samudra<br /> | mantra = ''Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya Dhanvantraye Amrutha Kalasha Hastaaya Sarva Maya Vinashanaya Trailokya Nathaya Shri Mahavishnave Namaha''<br /> | weapon = [[Shankha]], [[Chakra]]<br /> | mount = [[Padma (attribute)|Lotus]]<br /> | symbols = [[Amrita]], [[Leech]]<br /> | festivals = [[Dhanteras]]<br /> | father = Dirghatapas&lt;ref&gt;Bhagavata Purana Skandha IX Chapter 17&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | children = Ketuman<br /> }}<br /> {{Vaishnavism}}'''Dhanvantari''' ({{Langx|sa|धन्वन्तरि|lit=moving in a curve|translit=Dhanvantari, Dhanvamtari}})&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hudson |first=D. Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C&amp;dq=dhanvantari+meaning&amp;pg=PA548 |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |date=2008-09-25 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-970902-1 |pages=548 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is the physician of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] in [[Hinduism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2012-06-29 |title=Dhanvantari, Dhanvamtari: 22 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhanvantari |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Frawley |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oTYbTZsthwC&amp;dq=dhanvantri+amrutha+kalasha&amp;pg=PA287 |title=Soma in Yoga and Ayurveda: The Power of Rejuvenation and Immortality |date=2012 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-0-940676-21-3 |pages=287 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is regarded as an avatar of [[Vishnu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=dhanvantri+vishnu&amp;pg=PT431 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=431 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is mentioned in the [[Puranas]] as the god of [[Ayurveda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2012-06-29 |title=Dhanvantari, Dhanvamtari: 22 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhanvantari#purana |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During his incarnation on earth, he reigned as the King of Kashi, today locally referred to as [[Varanasi]]. Dhanvantari is also identified as the great-grandfather of [[Divodasa]], the King of Kashi mentioned in the [[Vishnu Purana]] who is known as the father of surgery in Ayurveda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Louis H. |date=1922 |title=The Indian God Dhanvantari |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/593645 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=42 |pages=323–337 |doi=10.2307/593645 |jstor=593645 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-30 |title=Lineage of Ayu and origin of Dhanvantari [Chapter VIII] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116005.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=DIVISION |first=PUBLICATIONS |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ts4oDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT13 |title=Cultural Leaders of India - Scientists |date=2017-06-20 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2485-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Iconography ==<br /> [[File:Godofayurveda.jpg|thumb|Painting of Dhanvantari.]]<br /> According to the ancient [[Sanskrit]] work ''Vishnudharamottara'', Dhanvantari is a handsome individual and is to usually be depicted with [[Chaturbhuja|four hands]], with one or two of them carrying a bowl of [[amrita]], the elixir of immortality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stutley |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQWQDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=dhanvantri+iconography&amp;pg=PT123 |title=The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography |date=2019-04-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-62425-4 |pages=123 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhanvantari is depicted in a stark resemblance to Vishnu, with four hands, holding the [[shankha]], [[chakra]], jalauka (herb), and a pot containing amrita. He is often shown with a leech in his hand rather than the scriptures, symbolism for the historical practice of [[bloodletting]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lad |first=Vasant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJIeAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dhanvantari+leech |title=Textbook of Ayurveda |date=2002 |publisher=Ayurvedic Press |isbn=978-1-883725-07-5 |pages=119 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some texts describe him as holding a conch, [[amrita]], medicinal herbs, and a book of [[Ayurveda]].<br /> <br /> == Legend==<br /> <br /> === Origin ===<br /> ''The [[Balakanda|Bala Kanda]]'' of the ''[[Ramayana]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Valmiki Ramayana: Balakanda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glKDtKF8XOIC|page=556|author=Harekrishna Satapathy|publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' state that Dhanvantari emerged from the [[Ocean of Milk]] and appeared with the pot of [[amrita]] (elixir of immortality) during the ''[[Samudra manthan|Samudra Manthana]],'' whilst the ocean was being churned by the [[Deva (Hinduism)|deva]]s and the [[asura]]s, using the [[Mount Mandara|Mandara]] mountain and the serpent [[Vasuki]]. The pot of amrita was snatched by the asuras, and after this event, Vishnu's avatar, [[Mohini]], appears and takes the nectar back from the asuras. It is also believed that Dhanvantari promulgated the practice of Ayurveda.&lt;ref name=&quot;M107&quot;&gt;[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], p. 107&lt;/ref&gt; Of special mention here is the treatise of ''Dhanvantari-Nighantu'', which completely elucidates Dhanvantari's medicinal plants.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/studies-on-medicinal-planets-and-drugs-in-dhanvantari-nighantu-two-volumes-NAD479/][http://www.saujanyabooks.com/details.aspx?id=34040][https://www.scribd.com/doc/290274952/dhanvantari-nighantu-pdf][http://www.vaidyaraj-ayurveda.com/dhanvantari.html][https://docslide.us/documents/dhanvantari-nighantupdf.html][https://www.amazon.in/Dhanvantari-Nighantu-Sanskrit-Text-English-Translation/dp/8189469126 Dhanvantari-Nighantu]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Brahmanda Purana]] describes the origin of the physician deity:&lt;ref name=&quot;www.wisdomlib.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-06-21 |title=The origin of Dhanvantari [Chapter 67] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-brahmanda-purana/d/doc362925.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Blockquote|text=Let the origin of Dhanvantari be heard, O Brāhmaṇas. He was born formerly when the ocean was being churned, for the sake of nectar. At the outset, he was born before the Kalaśa (pot). He was encircled by a halo of glory all round. On seeing him having accomplished his task suddenly, Viṣṇu who was standing by said—“You are born of water”. Hence, he is remembered as Abja (water-born). Abja said to Viṣṇu—“O lord, I am your son. Allot me my share and place in the world, O excellent god.”<br /> <br /> On being told thus, the lord said after review in the factual position, “The division of the Yajña has already been made by the sons of Diti as well as the Suras. The due performance of Homas etc. has been laid down in the Vedas by the great sages. It is not possible to get Homa performed unto you at any time. As you are born subsequent to Vedas O god, you have no Mantra (assignable to you). O lord, in your second incarnation you will earn reputation in the world. Then you will attain the super-natural powers like Aṇimā (minuteness) and others. O lord, you will attain Deva-hood with this selfsame body. Brāhmaṇas (and other twice-born ones) shall worship you with Caturmantras (i.e. Mantras from the four Vedas), ghee offerings and Gavyas (materials of worship obtained from milk, milk products). You will once again reproduce the Āyurveda (the Science of Medicine). These incidents and events are inevitable and have already been visualised by the lotus-born lord (Brahmā) earlier. Undoubtedly you will be born in the second Dvāpara Yuga”. Therefore, after granting the boon, Viṣṇu disappeared.|title=[[Brahmanda Purana]]|source=Chapter 67}}<br /> <br /> === Incarnation ===<br /> During the second Dvapara Yuga, the King of Kashi, Dirghatapas, propitiated the physician deity for the birth of a son. The deity agreed to incarnate himself as the desired child as a boon. Dhanavantri proved to be a great king, and is described as the &quot;dispeller of all ailments&quot;. He is described to have been exempt from infirmities and recognised as a &quot;master of universal knowledge&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The sage [[Bharadvaja]] educated him regarding the therapeutic practice of Ayurveda, and further caused him to study medicine. The king created a classification of his knowledge of medicine into eight fields and disseminated it to a number of diverse disciples.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.wisdomlib.org&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Dhanvantari and Manasa ===<br /> According to the [[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]], Dhanvantari, accompanied by his disciples, once journeyed to [[Mount Kailash|Kailasha]]. On the way, a [[Nāga|naga]] named [[Takshaka]] emitted a venom-spitting hiss. A disciple plucked the diamond upon the head of Takshaka and hurled it towards the earth. Upon learning these events, the powerful serpent-king [[Vasuki]] amassed thousands of serpents under the leadership of Drona, Pundarika, and Dhananjaya against the entourage. The poisonous emissions of all these serpents united to make the disciples of Dhanvantari faint. Immediately, Dhanvantari concocted a medicine made from ''vanaspati'', allowing his followers to recover and causing the snakes to faint in turn. When Vasuki understood what had transpired, he sent a [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] serpent goddess, [[Manasa]], to face Dhanvantari. Manasa sent the disciples of Dhanvantari into a swoon, but since the deity was proficient in the art of ''Vishvavidya'', he soon restored his disciples to consciousness. When Manasa deemed it impossible to defeat Dhanvantari or his disciples, she held the [[trishula]] given to her by Shiva and aimed it at Dhanvantari. Seeing this, [[Shiva]] and [[Brahma]] appeared before them and restored the peace, sending them all on their way.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Dhanvantari |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241541.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Statue of Dhanvantari.jpg|thumb|Statue of Dhanvantari at Tarakeshwar temple]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Temples ==<br /> <br /> === India ===<br /> [[File:Dhanwantari Bhagwan.jpg|thumb|160px|Dhanvantari at Ayurved Sankul Anand, which is a premier institute of [[Ayurveda]] situated in the Milk City of India, [[Anand, Gujarat]].]]<br /> <br /> ==== In Maharashtra ====<br /> In Konkan, there is a Dhanvantari temple at Dapoli, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. It belongs to Dongare family and is owned and run by Vaidya Aniruddha Dongare. Many devotees from Konkan and rest of Maharashtra visit the temple and offer their prayers.<br /> <br /> === Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry ===<br /> There are a few dedicated temples to Dhanvantari in South India especially in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], where ayurveda is highly practised and patronised. The [[Thottuva Dhanwanthari temple]] in Kerala is a particularly famous temple, where Lord Dhanvantari's idol is almost six feet tall and facing east. On the right hand the lord holds Amrita and Chakra with the left hand the lord holds Leech and Conch Shell The 'Ekadasi' day celebration, which falls on the same day as the 'Guruvayur Ekadasi' is of special significance.<br /> <br /> In [[Tamil Nadu]], in the courtyard of [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)]], there is a Dhanvantari shrine where daily worship of the deity is performed. In front of this temple there is an engraved stone believed to be from the 12th century. According to the writings on the stone, Garuda Vahana Bhattar, a great ayurvedic physician, established the statue inside the temple. A ''[[prasada]]'' or ''[[theertham|tirtham]]'', a herbal [[decoction]], is given to the visitors. The shrine is the oldest Dhanvantari shrine in the state.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], p. 108&lt;/ref&gt; Another Dhanvantari shrine is found in the second precinct of [[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram|Varadaraja Perumal Temple]] in [[Kanchipuram]].&lt;ref&gt;[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], p. 110&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[Siddhar]] tradition of [[Tamil Nadu]], Dhanvantari is one of the 18 esteemed [[Siddhar]]s of yore. The [[Vaitheeswaran Koil]] or Pullirukuvelur in the village of Vaitheeswarankoil, Mayiladuthurai, [[Tamil Nadu]] is home to his [[Jiva|Jeeva]] [[Samadhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |author= R. N. Hema |date= December 2019 |title= Biography of the 18 Siddhars |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338534110 |publisher= National Institute of Siddha}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Siddhars |url=http://bestnadiastrologer.com/siddhars.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=www.bestnadiastrologer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=18 Siddhars |url=https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=www.satsang-darshan.com |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081309/https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dhanvanthari temples in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry include:<br /> * Nelluvai Dhanwantari Temple, Wadakkanchery, Thrissur, Kerala<br /> * Sri Danvantri Arogya Peedam, Walajapet, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.danvantritemple.org|title=Sri Danvantri Temple|website=www.danvantritemple.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Thevalakkadu Sree Dhanwanthari Temple, Kulasekharamangalam Post, Vaikom, Kottayam, Kerala&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sreedhanwantharitemple.in/|title=Thevalakkadu Sree Dhanwanthari Temple Kulasekharamangalam, Vaikom, Kottayam, Kerala, India|website=www.sreedhanwantharitemple.in|access-date=5 March 2014|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810183648/http://sreedhanwantharitemple.in/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Aanakkal Dhanwanthari Temple, Thaniyathukunnu, Thrissur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://aanakkaldhanwanthari.com/home.htm |title=Welcome |access-date=2013-10-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022060438/http://aanakkaldhanwanthari.com/home.htm |archive-date=22 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple, Keeramkulangara, Thrissur<br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu&lt;ref&gt;http://temples.avpayurveda.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301222422/http://temples.avpayurveda.com/ |date=1 March 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple, Maruthorvattom, Cherthala, Kerala&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dhanwantharitemple.org/|title=Official website of Maruthorvattom Sree Dhanwanthari Temple: Temple of Lord Dhanwanthari, the Master God of Ayurveda|website=www.dhanwantharitemple.org|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=8 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108050311/http://www.dhanwantharitemple.org/|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple, Prayikara, Mavelikara, Alleppey, Kerala&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sreedhanwantharitemple.com/index.html|title=Sree Dhanwanthari Temple Prayikara, Mavelikara|website=sreedhanwantharitemple.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple Elanthoor, Pathanamthitta, Kerala<br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple Kanakkoor, Alappuzha, Kerala<br /> * Sree Dhanwanthari Temple Poothakulam, Kollam, Kerala<br /> * Shri Dhanwantari Temple, Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Campus, Puri, Odisha<br /> * Sri Dhanvantri Swamy Sannidhi within the Sanjeevi Vinayakar Temple, JIPMER campus<br /> *Shri Aalkkalmanna Dhanwanthari Temple is situated at Eranthod Village, Angadippuram Panchayat, Perintalmanna Taluk of Malappuram District.<br /> *There is also Sri Murrari Dhanvantri Moorthi Kshetram temple in kollam district (boothakulam) paravur. It belongs to a family called Thundvilla, it is owned and run by the family members itself. People offer prayer for there beloved ones and offer paalpayasam to god.<br /> *Shri Dhanvantari Temple, Palluruthy, Kochi, Kerala is a small temple managed by Gowda Saraswath Brahmin Community.<br /> *Shri Mahavishnu Dhanwanthari Temple, Karumom, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala is a small temple managed by Travancore Desawom Board<br /> ==== Others ====<br /> In Varanaseya Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya, [[Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh]] state, one statue of Dhanvantari is present in the university museum. Two statues are at the headquarters of the [[Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha]] at [[New Delhi]]. There is another statue inside the Ayurveda Maha Sammelan office, Dhanawantari Bhawan at New Delhi and one statue of Dhanvantari is present at Mohyal Ashram in [[Haridwar]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}<br /> <br /> === Nepal ===<br /> [[File:Dhanwanantari Temple Jaybageshwori Pashupatinath Kathmandu Nepal Rajesh Dhungana 1.jpg|thumb|Dhanwanantari Temple, Jaya Bageshwari, Kathmandu]]<br /> There is a shikar style temple dedicated to the god in the Jaya Bageshwari neighbourhood of [[Kathmandu]]. The temple is near the famous [[Pashupatinath Temple|Pashupatinath temple]].<br /> <br /> == Commemoration ==<br /> Devotees pray to Dhanvantari to seek his blessings for sound health for themselves and others on [[Dhanteras]], two days before [[Diwali|Deepavali]].&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dhanteras to be observed as National Ayurveda Day - Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Dhanteras-to-be-observed-as-National-Ayurveda-Day/articleshow/54599037.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 September 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also celebrated as National Ayurveda Day in India, which was first observed in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes.com&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ashvins]]<br /> * [[Ayurveda]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book|title=Vishnu temples of South India, Volume two|last=Madhavan|first=Chitra|year=2008|publisher=Chitra Madhavan|isbn=978-81-908445-1-2|ref=Madhavan}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{commons category-inline|Dhanvantari}}<br /> *[https://www.nakshatraayurvedam.com/lord-dhanvantari.html About Dhanvantari in English language] <br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930163831/http://vedabase.net/sb/9/17/4/en1 Dhanvantari in the Bhagavata Purana]<br /> <br /> {{HinduMythology}}<br /> {{HinduAvatars}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu gods]]<br /> [[Category:Ayurveda]]<br /> [[Category:Avatars of Vishnu]]<br /> [[Category:Health gods]]<br /> [[Category:Health deities]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jats&diff=448817 2026-03-08T12:32:47Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Minor updates and cleanup applied</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Social group of India and Pakistan}}<br /> {{Redirect2|Jat|Jat people}}<br /> {{Distinguish|text = the [[Jats of Afghanistan]]}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> &amp;lt;!-- do not remove, see [[Special:PermaLink/698674019#Palestine-Israel articles 3 (2): Arbitrator views and discussion]] --&amp;gt;<br /> {{Use British English|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox ethnic group<br /> | group = Jat<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | population = ~33 million (2009 estimation)&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Lodrick&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |editor1-last=Gallagher |editor1-first=Timothy L. |editor2-last=Hobby |editor2-first=Jeneen |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Volume 3: Asia &amp;amp; Oceania |year=2009 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |isbn=978-1414448916 |pages=418–419 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=JATS}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}<br /> | pop1 = ~21 million (2009 estimation)&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Lodrick&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |editor1-last=Gallagher |editor1-first=Timothy L. |editor2-last=Hobby |editor2-first=Jeneen |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Volume 3: Asia &amp;amp; Oceania |year=2009 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |isbn=978-1414448916 |pages=418–419 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=JATS}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | region2 = {{flagcountry|India}}<br /> | pop2 = ~12 million (2009 estimation)&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Lodrick&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |editor1-last=Gallagher |editor1-first=Timothy L. |editor2-last=Hobby |editor2-first=Jeneen |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Volume 3: Asia &amp;amp; Oceania |year=2009 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |isbn=978-1414448916 |pages=418–419 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=JATS}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | langs = [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] • [[Hindi]] • [[Haryanvi]] • [[Kauravi dialect|Khariboli]] • [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (and its [[Punjabi dialects and languages|dialects]]) • [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] • [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (and its [[Sindhi languages|dialects]]) • [[Urdu]]<br /> | rels = [[Hinduism]]{{•}}[[Islam]]{{•}}[[Sikhism]]<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Jat people''' ({{ipa|hi|dʒaːʈ|lang}}, {{ipa|pa|dʒəʈː|lang}}), also spelt '''Jaat''' and '''Jatt''',&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite report|title=Caste discrimination and harassment in Great Britain |author=Hilary Metcalf, Heather Rolfe |publisher=National Institute of Economic and Social Research |year=2010 |page=v|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;amp;q=Caste+discrimination+and++harassment+in+Great+Britain&amp;amp;btnG=#d=gs_qabs&amp;amp;t=1726077169585&amp;amp;u=%23p%3D6I8QjiQzOcgJ}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; are a traditionally [[agricultural]] [[caste]] in [[Northern India]] and [[Pakistan]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{bulleted |1={{cite book |last=Gould |first=William |title=Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83061-4 |page=xii |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNsganXnq-oC&amp;amp;pg=PR12 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: agricultural caste mainly from western UP, Punjab and Rajasthan}} |2={{cite book |last=Bayly |first=C. A. |author-link=Christopher Bayly |title=Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 |year=1999 |orig-year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66360-1 |page=xi |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8bqEzPPp8xIC&amp;amp;pg=PR11 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: a middle agriculturalist caste of north India.}} |3={{cite book |last=Harriss-White |first=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Harriss-White |title=India Working: Essays on Society and Economy |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80979-5 |page=xvii |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcMCjkjmqHEC&amp;amp;pg=PR17 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jats: north Indian dominant Hindu agricultural caste}} |4={{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Charu |title=Sexuality, Obscenity, Community: Women, Muslims, and the Hindu Public in Colonial India |year=2002 |orig-year= 2001 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan|Palgrave]] |isbn=978-0-230-10819-6 |page=340 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0KEDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA340 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: important Hindu agricultural caste of north India}} |5={{cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;pg=PA385 |year=2001 |orig-year=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |page=385 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: title of north India's major non-elite 'peasant' caste}} |6={{cite book |last=Gould |first=Harold A. |author-link=Harold A. Gould |title=Sikhs, Swamis, Students and Spies: The India Lobby in the United States, 1900–1946 |year=2006 |orig-date=2005 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-0-7619-3480-6 |page=439 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rS5mDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA439 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: name of large agricultural caste centered in the undivided Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh}} |7={{cite book |last=Wagner |first=Kim A. |author-link=Kim A. Wagner |title=The Great Fear of 1857: Rumours, Conspiracies and the Making of the Indian Uprising |year=2010 |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |isbn=978-1-906165-27-7 |page=xii |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35sGgU8A4CEC&amp;amp;pg=PR12 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: agricultural caste}} |8={{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurharpal |title=Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab |year=2000 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-72109-4 |page=xv |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOyHDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PR15 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: Agriculturalist caste}}}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{bulleted |1={{cite book |last=Khanna |first=Sunil K. |editor1-last=Ember |editor1-first=Carol R. |editor2-last=Ember |editor2-first=Melvin |editor1-link=Carol R. Ember |editor2-link=Melvin Ember |title=Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures |volume=2 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers]] |page=777 |isbn=978-0-306-47754-6 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&amp;amp;pg=PA777 |entry=Jat |quote=Notwithstanding social, linguistic, and religious diversity, the Jats are one of the major landowning agriculturalist communities in South Asia.}} |2={{cite book |last=Nesbitt |first=Eleanor |title=Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction |year=2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-874557-0 |page=143 |edition=2nd |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA143 |entry=Glossary |quote=Jat: Sikhs' largest ''zat'', a hereditary land-owning community}} |3=}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|name=Glossary|&quot;Glossary: '''Jat''': title of north India's major non-elite 'peasant' caste.&quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;sbayly-p385&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;pg=PA385 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |page=385 |access-date=15 October 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}{{efn|name=Bayly 201|&quot;... in the middle decades of the (nineteenth) century, there were two contrasting trends in India's agrarian regions. Previously marginal areas took off as zones of newly profitable 'peasant' agriculture, disadvantaging non-elite tilling groups, who were known by such titles as Jat in western [[North-Western Provinces|NWP]] and Gounder in Coimatore.&quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;sbayly-p201&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;pg=PA201 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |page=201 |access-date=15 October 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}{{efn|name=Bayly 212|&quot;In the later nineteenth century, this thinking led colonial officials to try to protect Sikh Jats and other non-elite 'peasants' whom they now favoured as military recruits by advocating legislation under the so-called land alienation.&quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;sbayly-p212&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;pg=PA212 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |page=212 |access-date=15 October 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} Originally [[pastoralism|pastoralist]]s in the lower [[Indus river]]-valley of [[Sindh]], many Jats migrated north into the [[Punjab region]] in [[late medieval]] times, and subsequently into the [[Delhi Territory]], northeastern [[Rajputana]], and the western [[Gangetic Plain]] in the 17th and 18th centuries.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p269&quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;KhazanovWink2012&quot;&amp;gt;{{citation|last1=Khazanov|first1=Anatoly M.| author-link = Anatoly Khazanov|last2=Wink|first2=Andre|title=Nomads in the Sedentary World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v_RORENFbMC&amp;amp;pg=PT177|access-date=15 August 2013|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-12194-4|page=177}} Quote: &quot;Hiuen Tsang gave the following account of a numerous pastoral-nomadic population in seventh-century Sin-ti (Sind): 'By the side of the river..[of Sind], along the flat marshy lowlands for some thousand li, there are several hundreds of thousands [a very great many] families ..[which] give themselves exclusively to tending cattle and from this derive their livelihood. They have no masters, and whether men or women, have neither rich nor poor.' While they were left unnamed by the Chinese pilgrim, these same people of lower Sind were called Jats' or 'Jats of the wastes' by the Arab geographers. The Jats, as 'dromedary men.' were one of the chief pastoral-nomadic divisions at that time, with numerous subdivisions, ....&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Wink2004&quot;&amp;gt;{{citation|last=Wink|first=André|title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&amp;amp;pg=PA92|access-date=15 August 2013|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|pages=92–93}} Quote: &quot;In Sind, the breeding and grazing of sheep and buffaloes was the regular occupations of pastoral nomads in the lower country of the south, while the breeding of goats and camels was the dominant activity in the regions immediately to the east of the Kirthar range and between Multan and Mansura. The jats were one of the chief pastoral-nomadic divisions here in early-medieval times, and although some of these migrated as far as Iraq, they generally did not move over very long distances on a regular basis. Many jats migrated to the north, into the Panjab, and here, between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, the once largely pastoral-nomadic Jat population was transformed into sedentary peasants. Some Jats continued to live in the thinly populated ''barr'' country between the five rivers of the Panjab, adopting a kind of [[transhumance]], based on the herding of goats and camels. It seems that what happened to the jats is paradigmatic of most other pastoral and pastoral-nomadic populations in India in the sense that they became ever more closed in by an expanding sedentary-agricultural realm.&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Of [[Hindu]], [[Muslim]] and [[Sikh]] faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]] and the Pakistani regions of [[Sindh]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]].<br /> <br /> By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]],&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Srinivas1962&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=[[M. N. Srinivas|Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas]] |title=Caste in modern India: and other essays |publisher=Asia Pub. House |year=1962 |page=90 |oclc=185987598}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Western Uttar Pradesh]],&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Nuna1989&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Sheel Chand Nuna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjjriYh_hykC&amp;amp;pg=PA61 |title=Spatial fragmentation of political behaviour in India: a geographical perspective on parliamentary elections |date=1 January 1989 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-285-9 |pages=61– |access-date=20 January 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Rajasthan]],&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RudolphRudolph1984&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lloyd I. Rudolph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7guY1ut-0lwC&amp;amp;pg=PA86 |title=The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India |last2=Susanne Hoeber Rudolph |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-226-73137-7 |pages=86– |access-date=20 January 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Haryana]] and [[Delhi]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;CarlMelvin2004&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of medical anthropology |publisher=Springer |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-306-47754-6 |editor-last=Carol R. Ember |page=778 |editor-last2=Melvin Ember}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sunil2009&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Sunil K. Khanna |title=Fetal/fatal knowledge: new reproductive technologies and family-building strategies in India |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-495-09525-5 |page=18}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Origin and etymology==<br /> <br /> The [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] term ''Jat'' (and its female form, ''Jatni''&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;k5752&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Jakobsh |first=D.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBJPAQAAIAAJ |title=Sikhism and Women: History, Texts, and Experience |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-806002-4 |page=139 |quote=Jatni ( female Jat ) , portrayed as stitching her own wedding clothes , personified the Victorian ideals both of morally superior rural handicraft production and of women's proper domestic work within a male - dominated lineage |access-date=23 September 2024}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) descends from the [[Prakrit]] form ''Jaṭṭa'', itself from ''Jarta''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Suniti Kumar |author1-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_gtAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=jarta+jatt |title=Select Papers (Āṅgla-nibandhachayana) |date=1972 |publisher=People's Publishing House |page=319}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; or ''Jartika'',&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Ralph Lilley |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/soas_query.py?qs=ja%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa&amp;amp;searchhws=yes&amp;amp;matchtype=exact |title=A Comparative Dictionary of Indo-Aryan languages |date=1962 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |page=280}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; the name of an ancient [[Mleccha|non-Vedic]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Parasher |first=Aloka |title=Mlecchas in Early India: A Study in Attitudes toward Outsiders up to AD 600 |year=1991 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharial Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-215-0529-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAtuAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;amp;q=bahlikas |page=212}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Bahlikas|Bahlika]] tribe. The first mention of Jats are in an inscription found in modern [[Gilgit Baltistan]], dated to the 6th or 7th century, which records some Jats as having passed through the area.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Jettmar |first1=Karl |title=Cultural Heritage of Northern Regions of Pakistan Down to the Islam. An Introduction. |date=1992 |pages=49 |publisher=Department of Achaeology &amp;amp; Museums, Government of Pakistan |url=https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/1727/1/Jettmar_Cultural_heritage_1992.pdf |quote=Photograph 33 - Plate 27 • Rock with numerous inscriptions mostly Brahml, one Sogdian. A member of the &quot;Jat&quot; tribe is mentioned in the oldest hitherto only conjectural form of this term. Also mentioned is the politically important &quot;Kasha land&quot;. Shatial Bridge. (6th-7th century A.D.)}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book| last=Jettmar |first=Karl |title=Antiquities of Northern Pakistan. Volume 1. |date=1989 |page=47 |url=https://archive.org/details/anp1text__z3/page/48/mode/1up} |quote=The inscriptions no. 30-31 are located at three different sites. Thus we can follow up the travels of Jīvavarma... Jīvavarma is called Jatta, therefore he is a member of the Jats...}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Historically, the term 'Jat' was loosely applied to various tribes, especially in [[West Punjab]] and [[Sindh]]. In [[Sindh]], the [[romanised]] term 'Jat' could be used as a transliteration for Jat, or to refer to a member of the &quot;[[Jats of Balochistan|Jath]]&quot; community. It is also sometimes used pejoratively to refer to a [[peasant]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;جاٽَ (p. 640), جَتُ (p. 649), ڄَٽُ (p. 683), in Nabī Bakhshu Khānu Balocu. ''Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta''. Karācī: Ḥaidarābād Sindhu, Pākistān: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ, 1960–1988. Available online at the [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/baloch/ Digital South Asia Library].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In [[Punjab]], especially from the [[Mughal era]] onwards, the term &quot;Jat&quot; was also used more as a socioeconomic status than an ethnic label, and they were often associated with the peasantry.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|last=Mayaram|first=Shail|title=Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C&amp;amp;pg=PA33|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12730-1|page=33|quote=Indeed &quot;Jat&quot; had been a generic term for a peasant in the Punjab.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |first=Susan |last=Bayly |author-link=Susan Bayly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780521798426 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;q=Susan+Bayly+meo |page=139 |quote=For Ibbetson, then, both the Punjab and the northwest frontier regions were open societies where the difference between the 'Jat' and the 'Rajput' was not a matter of blood or ethnological fact... [but] a fluid representation of status as claimed by men of power.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Arabic]] term ''&quot;[[Zutt]]&quot;'' is derived from Jat,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Maclean, Derryl N. (1984). [https://books.google.com/books?id=kGxqygAACAAJ Religion and Society in Arab Sind]. McGill University. {{ISBN|978-0-315-20821-6}}. Pg. 45.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad (1994). &quot;Early Arab Contact with South Asia&quot;. ''Journal of Islamic Studies''. 5 (1): 52–69. {{ISSN|0955-2340}}. {{JSTOR|26196673}}. Pg. 57.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;ʿAthamina, Khalil (1998). &quot;Non-Arab Regiments and Private Militias during the Umayyād Period&quot;]. Arabica. 45 (3): 347–378. {{ISSN|0570-5398}}. Pg. 355. {{JSTOR|4057316}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and referred generally to most of the tribes found in [[Sind (caliphal province)|Arab Sind]], including tribes who were not necessarily Jat, such as the Qufs, Andaghars, and Sayabijas.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VfYnu5F20coC&amp;amp;dq=zutt&amp;amp;pg=PA195#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=zutt&amp;amp;f=false Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʻAyyārān and Futuwwa]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. {{ISBN|978-3-447-03652-8}}. Pg. 123, 195, 196.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The term ''&quot;[[Jadgal]]&quot;'' ({{literally|Jaṭṭ-speakers}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author1=Brian J. Spooner |author2=Jim G. Shaffer |author3=Josef Elfenbein |author4=Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya |author5=Siawosch Azadi |title=Baluchistan |journal=Brill Referenceworks |date=23 March 2022 |doi=10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_6516 |publisher=Brill |language=en|doi-access=free}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) is also derived from Jat, and was used by the [[Baloch people|Baloch]] to refer to the Indic tribes living amongst them.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The Jats are a [[paradigmatic]] example of community identity formation in the [[Early modern period|early modern]] [[Indian subcontinent]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p269&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine Ella Blanshard|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;amp;pg=PA269|access-date=29 October 2011|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|page=269}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &quot;Jat&quot; is an elastic label applied to a wide-ranging community&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Talwar&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Oldenburg |first=Veena Talwar |author-link=Veena Talwar Oldenburg |title=Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-515071-1 |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5Fm1XdS-6EC&amp;amp;pg=PA232 |quote=The Jats, who are numerically dominant in central and eastern Punjab, can be Hindu, Sikh, or Muslim; they range from powerful landowners to poor subsistence farmers, and were recruited in large numbers to serve in the British army.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Alavi p.67 &quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | last=Alavi | first=Seema | title=The eighteenth century in India | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=New Delhi | date=2002 | isbn=0-19-565640-7 | oclc=50783542 | page=67 | quote=The Jat power neat Agra and Mathura arose out of the rebellion of peasants under zamindar leadership, attaining the apex of power under Suraj Mal...it seems to have been an extensive replacement of Rajput by Jat zamindars...and the 'warlike Jats' (a peasant and zamindar caste).}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; from simple landowning peasants{{Efn|name=Glossary}}{{efn|name=Bayly 201}}{{efn|name=Bayly 212}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Judge |first=Paramjit |title=Mapping social exclusion in India: caste, religion and borderlands |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-107-05609-1 |publication-place=Cambridge |page=112 |oclc=880877884}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Stokes |first=Eric |title=The peasant and the Raj: studies in agrarian society and peasant rebellion in colonial India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-521-29770-7 |publication-place=Cambridge New York |page=185 |oclc=889813954 |quote=n the Ganges Canal Tract of the Muzaffarnagar district where the landowning castes – Tagas, Jats, Rajputs, Sayyids, Sheikhs, Gujars, Borahs}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{efn|According to [[Susan Bayly]], &quot;... (North India) contained large numbers of non-elite tillers. In the Punjab and the western Gangetic Plains, convention defined the Rajput's non-elite counterpart as a Jat. Like many similar titles used elsewhere, this was not so much a caste name as a broad designation for the man of substance in rural terrain. … To be called Jat has in some regions implied a background of pastoralism, though it has more commonly been a designation of non-servile cultivating people.&quot;&amp;lt;ref name=sbayly-p37&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Bayly|first=Susan|title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&amp;amp;pg=PA37|access-date=15 October 2011|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79842-6|page=37}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} to wealthy and influential [[Zamindar]]s.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Khan 1997 pp. 336&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Zahoor Ali |title=ZAMINDARI CASTE CONFIGURATION IN THE PUNJAB, c.1595 — MAPPING THE DATA IN THE |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=58 |year=1997 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44143925 |pages=336 |quote=The number of parganas with Jat zamindaris (Map 2) is surprisingly large and well spread out, though there are none beyond the Jhelum. They appear to be in two blocks, divided by a sparse zone between the Sutlej and the Sarasvati basin. The two blocks, in fact, represent two different segments of the Jats, the western one (Panjab) known as Jat (with short vowel) and the other (Haryanvi) as Jaat (with long vowel).}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India |publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-351-55825-9 |publication-place=London |page=59 |oclc=993781016 |quote=Out of the 45 parganas of the sarkars of Delhi, 17 are reported to have Jat Zamindars. Out of these 17 parganas, the Jats are exclusively found in 11, whereas in other 6 they shared Zamindari rights with other communities.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |title=When sparrows became hawks: the making of the Sikh warrior tradition, 1699–1799 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |publication-place=New York |page=54 |oclc=695560144 |quote=Muzaffar Alam's study of the akhbarat (news reports) and chronicles of the period demonstrates that Banda and his followers had wide support amongst the Jat zamindars of the Majha, Jalandhar Doab, and the Malwa area. Jat zamindars actively colluded with the rebels, and frustrated the Mughal faujdars or commanders of the area by supplying Banda and his men with grain, horses, arms, and provisions. This evidence suggests that understanding the rebellion as a competition between peasants and feudal lords is an oversimplification, since the groups affiliated with Banda as well as those affiliated with the state included both Zamindars and peasants.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Alam 1978 pp. 509–522&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | last=Alam | first=Muzaffar | title=Sikh Uprisings Under Banda Bahadur 1708–1715 | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | volume=39 | year=1978 | issn=2249-1937 | jstor=44139389 | pages=509–522 | quote=Banda led predominantly the uprisings of the Jat zamindars.It is also to be noted that tha Jats were the dominant zamindar castes in some of the parganas where Banda had support. But Banda's spectacular success and the amazing increase in the strength of his army within a few months*6 does not cohere with the presence of a few Jat zamindaris…we can, however presume that the unidentified zamindars of our sources who rallied behind Banda were the small zamindars (mah'ks) and the Mughal assessees (malguzars). It is not without significance that they are almost invariably described as the zamindars of village (mauza and dehat). These zamindars were largely the Jats who had settled in the region for the last three or four centuries.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Syan 2013 p.40 &quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Syan |first=H.S. |title=Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-7556-2370-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i1OezQEACAAJ |access-date=2 August 2022 |page=40 |quote=Guru Nanak's father- in-law, Mula Chonha, works as an administrator for the Jat landlord, Ajita Randawa. If we expand this train of thought and examine other Janamsakhi figures we can detect an interesting pattern…All of Nanak's immediate relatives were professional administrators for local or regional lords, including Jat masters. From this we can infer that Khatris did seem to occupy a position as a professional class and some Jats held the position of being landlords. There was clearly a professional services relationship between high-ranking Khatris and high-ranking Jats, and this seems indicative of the wider socio- economic relationship between Khatris and Jats in medieval Panjab.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Jat Skinner full.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Early 19th century painting of a Jat farmer.]]<br /> By the time of [[Muhammad bin Qasim]]'s conquest of Sind in the eighth century, Arab writers described agglomerations of Jats, known to them as [[Zutt]],{{efn|A broad term referring to people of the Indus Valley}} in the arid, the wet, and the mountainous regions of the conquered land of Sindh.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Mayaram2003-p19&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |title=Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C&amp;amp;pg=PA19 |access-date=12 November 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1 |page=19}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Several medieval [[Muslim]] chronicles such as the [[Chach Nama]], [[Tarikh-i Bayhaqi|Tarikh-I-Baihaqi]] and ''Zainul-Akhbar'' have recorded battles between [[Jat]]s and forces of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Chapter by S Jabir Raza ''Passages in the Chachnama, Zainul-Akhbar And Tarikh-i-Baihaqi'', Text and Translation, from the book ''The Jats, Their Role and contribution to the socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India'', Volume 2, pp. 43–52&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; at the [[Battle of Aror]] ([[Rohri]]), the united forces of [[Dahir of Aror]] and the eastern Jats jointly fought against Muhammad ibn al-Qasim.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;2004Wink1&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Wink |first=André |author-link=André Wink |title=Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World |volume=1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |orig-year=first published 1990 |isbn=9780391041738 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC |pages=201–205}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Arab rulers, though professing a theologically egalitarian religion, maintained the position of Jats and the discriminatory practices against them that had been put in place in the long period of Hindu rule in Sind.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson2003-p15&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&amp;amp;pg=PA15 |access-date=13 November 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 |page=15 |quote=... Nor can the liberation that the Muslim conquerors offered to those who sought to escape from the caste system be taken for granted. … a caliphal governor of Sind in the late 830s is said to have … (continued the previous Hindu requirement that) … the Jats, when walking out of doors in future, to be accompanied by a dog. The fact that the dog is an unclean animal to both Hindu and Muslim made it easy for the Muslim conquerors to retain the ''status quo'' regarding a low-caste tribe. In other words, the new regime in the eighth and ninth centuries did not abrogate discriminatory regulations dating from a period of Hindu sovereignty; rather, it maintained them.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Between the eleventh and the sixteenth centuries, Jat herders at the Sind migrated up along the river valleys,&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Grewal1998-p5&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC&amp;amp;pg=PA5 |access-date=12 November 2011 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-63764-0 |page=5 |quote=... the most numerous of the agricultural tribes (in the Punjab) were the Jats. They had come from Sindh and Rajasthan along the river valleys, moving up, displacing the Gujjars and the Rajputs to occupy culturable lands.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; into the Punjab,&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p269&quot; /&amp;gt; which may have been largely uncultivated in the first millennium.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ludden1999-p117&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Ludden |first=David E. |title=An agrarian history of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHi62S7vZlsC&amp;amp;pg=PA117 |access-date=12 November 2011 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-36424-9 |page=117 |quote=The flatlands in the upper Punjab doabs do not seem to have been heavily farmed in the first millennium. … Early-medieval dry farming developed in Sindh, around Multan, and in Rajasthan… From here, Jat farmers seem to have moved into the upper Punjab doabs and into the western Ganga basin in the first half of the second millennium.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Many took up tilling in regions such as western [[Punjab]], where the [[sakia]] (water wheel) had been recently introduced.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p269&quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ansari1992&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Ansari |first=Sarah F. D. |title=Sufi saints and state power: the pirs of Sind, 1843–1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8wrDHqwEFIC&amp;amp;pg=PA27 |access-date=30 October 2011 |year=1992 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-40530-0 |page=27 |quote=Between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, groups of nomadic pastoralists known as Jats, having worked their way northwards from Sind, settled in the Panjab as peasant agriculturalists and, largely on account of the introduction of the Persian wheel, transformed much of western Panjab into a rich producer of food crops.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; By early Mughal times, in the Punjab, the term &quot;Jat&quot; had become loosely synonymous with &quot;peasant&quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Mayaram2003-p33&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |title=Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C&amp;amp;pg=PA33 |access-date=12 November 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1 |page=33}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and some Jats had come to own land and exert local influence.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p269&quot; /&amp;gt; The Jats had their origins in [[pastoralism]] in the [[Indus valley]], and gradually became agriculturalist farmers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last1=Khazanov |first1=Anatoly M. |last2=Wink |first2=André |author2-link=André Wink |date=12 October 2012 |title=Nomads in the Sedentary World |doi=10.4324/9780203037201 |isbn=9780203037201}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{pn|date=March 2026}} Around 1595, Jat Zamindars controlled a little over 32% of the [[Zamindar]]is in the Punjab region.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Khan 1982 pp. 342–350&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Iftikhar Ahmad |title=A Note on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=43 |year=1982 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44141246 |pages=347, 349}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> According to historians Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot,&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p270&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Catherine Ella Blanshard |last2=Talbot |first2=Cynthia |title=India before Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;amp;pg=PA270 |access-date=29 October 2011 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-80904-7 |page=270}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; {{blockquote|The Jats also provide an important insight into how religious identities evolved during the precolonial era. Before they settled in the Punjab and other northern regions, the pastoralist Jats had little exposure to any of the mainstream religions. Only after they became more integrated into the agrarian world did the Jats adopt the dominant religion of the people in whose midst they dwelt.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p270&quot; /&amp;gt;}} Over time the Jats became primarily Muslim in the western Punjab, Sikh in the eastern Punjab, and Hindu in the areas between [[Delhi Territory]] and Agra, with the divisions by faith reflecting the geographical strengths of these religions.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;AsherTalbot2006-p270&quot; /&amp;gt;<br /> During the decline of [[Mughal Empire]]'s rule in the early 18th century, the [[Indian subcontinent]]'s hinterland dwellers, many of whom were armed and nomadic, increasingly interacted with settled townspeople and agriculturists. Many new rulers of the 18th century came from such martial and nomadic backgrounds. The effect of this interaction on India's social organisation lasted well into the colonial period. During much of this time, non-elite tillers and pastoralists, such as the Jats or [[Ahir]]s, were part of a social spectrum that blended only indistinctly into the elite landowning classes at one end, and the menial or ritually polluting classes at the other.&amp;lt;ref name=bayly-p41&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC |access-date=1 August 2011 |year=2001 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=41 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During the heyday of Mughal rule, Jats had recognised rights. According to [[Barbara D. Metcalf]] and [[Thomas R. Metcalf]]: {{blockquote|Upstart warriors, Marathas, Jats, and the like, as coherent social groups with military and governing ideals, were themselves a product of the Mughal context, which recognised them and provided them with military and governing experience. Their successes were a part of the Mughal success.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;MetcalfMetcalf2006-p23&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara Daly |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas R. |title=A concise history of modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuESgYNYPl0C&amp;amp;pg=PA23 |access-date=24 October 2011 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-86362-9 |page=23}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}<br /> <br /> [[File:JatSikhLahore1872.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Jat Sikh of the &quot;Sindhoo&quot; clan, [[Lahore]], 1872]]<br /> As the Mughal Empire faltered, there were a series of rural rebellions in North India.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p271&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Catherine |last2=Talbot |first2=Cynthia |title=India before Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;amp;pg=PA271 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-80904-7 |page=271}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Although these had sometimes been characterised as &quot;peasant rebellions&quot;, others, such as [[Muzaffar Alam]], have pointed out that small local landholders, or ''[[zemindar]]s'', often led these uprisings.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p271 /&amp;gt; The Sikh and Jat rebellions were led by such small local zemindars, who had close association and family connections with each other and with the peasants under them, and who were often armed.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p272&amp;gt;{{cite book|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;amp;pg=PA272|access-date=15 October 2011|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|page=272}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> These communities of rising peasant-warriors were not well-established Indian castes,&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;MetcalfMetcalf2006-p24&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara Daly |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas R. |title=A concise history of modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuESgYNYPl0C&amp;amp;pg=PA24 |access-date=24 October 2011 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-86362-9 |page=24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but rather quite new, without fixed status categories, and with the ability to absorb older peasant castes, sundry warlords, and nomadic groups on the fringes of settled agriculture.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p272 /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p20&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bayly |first=C. A. |author-link=Christopher Bayly |title=Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfo3AAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA20 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1988 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-31054-3|page=20}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Mughal Empire, even at the zenith of its power, functioned by devolving authority and never had direct control over its rural grandees.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p272 /&amp;gt; It was these zemindars who gained most from these rebellions, increasing the land under their control.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p272 /&amp;gt; The triumphant even attained the ranks of minor princes, such as the Jat ruler Badan Singh of the [[princely state]] of Bharatpur.&amp;lt;ref name=asher-talbot-2006-p272 /&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ===Hindu Jats===<br /> <br /> [[File:Maharaja Balwant Singh.jpg|thumb|180px|The Hindu Jat Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]], [[Balwant Singh of Bharatpur|Balwant Singh]]]]<br /> <br /> Starting in the 10th century, Jat chiefs established semi-autonomous states in historical [[Jangladesh]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dasharatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1dXAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=rajasthan+through+the+ages |title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: From the earliest times to 1316 A.D |publisher=Rajasthan State Archives |year=1966 |location=Bikaner |pages=287–288 |language=en |quote=There is good reason to believe that parts of the present north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; with the most powerful clans being, among others, the [[Poonia]]s, [[Godara]]s, Sarans, Sihags, [[Beniwal]]s, [[Kaswan]]s and Sahus; the [[Johiya]]s are also included by [[James Tod]], though they are also sometimes identified as a branch of the Yadu-Bhati [[Rajput]]s rather than a distinct Jat clan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |author1=L. S. Rathore |title=Maharaja Sadul Singh of Bikaner: a biography of the co-architect of India's unity, Volume 1 |date=2005 |publisher=Books Treasure |isbn=9788190042208 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EluAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=%22Nearly+the+whole+of+the+territory+that+formed+the+boundaries+of+Bikaner+was+possessed+by+six+Jat+clans,+namely,+Poonia,+Godara,+Saran,+Asiagh,+Beniwal+and+Johiyas.%22 |quote=Nearly the whole of the territory that formed the boundaries of Bikaner was possessed by six Jat clans, namely, Poonia, Godara, Saran, Asiagh, Beniwal and Johiyas.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book | author1=K.K. Segahl | title= Rajasthan District Gazetteers Bikaner | date= 1962 | publisher = Directorate Of District Gazetteers, Govt. Of Rajasthan | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6D4I6AjfRd4C&amp;amp;q=%22seven+different+clans+amongst+themselves%22| quote= They lived as semi-autonomous tribes-especially the Jats, who formed the seven different clans amongst themselves (1) Punia, (2) Godara, (3) Saran, (4) Kaswa, (5) Beniwal, (6) Sihag, and (7) Sohua, but [[James Tod|Tod]] enumerates only six Jat clans, i.e. Punia, Godara, Saran, Asiach, Beniwal and Johiya though this last clan is by some termed a ramification of the Yadu-Bhati Rajputs.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the 15th century, the [[Rathores|Rathore Rajputs]] exploited the rivalry between the clans and conquered the region, establishing the [[Bikaner State]]. The Jat chiefs were forced to recognise the [[suzerainty]] of the Rathores, although some, particularly the Godara Jats who had previously allied with the forces of [[Rao Bika]], were given certain privileges under the Bikaner realm.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;dq=rao+bika+jats&amp;amp;pg=PA78|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=9781107080317|pages=78|access-date=17 September 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Panikkar |first=Kavalam Madhava |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nU41AQAAIAAJ |title=His Highness the Maharaja of Bikaner: A Biography |date=1937 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> In 1505, the Bamraulia Jats migrated and settled in the [[Chambal (region)|trans-Chambal tract]], laying the foundations for the [[Kingdom of Gohad]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_YvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Jats of Gohad briefly captured and held the [[Gwalior fort]], before losing it to the [[Marathas]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |author=Tony McClenaghan |title=Indian Princely Medals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQdZlHJ2WTAC&amp;amp;pg=PA131 |publisher=Lancer |year=1996 |isbn=978-1897829196 |page=131 |quote=It was [[Mahadji]] who first took Gwalior fort from the Rana of Gohad...}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1805, the last ruler of Gohad, [[Rana Kirat Singh]], as part of an arrangement made with the [[British East India Company]], established the [[Dholpur State]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Shashi |first=Shyam Singh |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in Colonial India |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=1996 |isbn=9788170418597 |series=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |volume=168 |pages=52}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mahotsav, Amrit. &quot;[https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?10442 Battle of Dholpur in 1803]&quot;. amritmahotsav.nic.in [[Government of India]]. ''&quot;At the same time, the British also helped the Jats led by Rana Kirat Singh, to win the Gohad region from the Scindias. As part of an arrangement made by the Company, Rana Kirat Singh was given Dholpur and the former took over Gohad. Thus, the Dholpur state was formed and Rana Kirat Singh was declared its ruler in 1805.&quot;''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> In 1669, the Hindu Jats, under the leadership of [[Gokula]], rebelled against the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in [[Mathura]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |first=Burjor |last=Avari |author-link=Burjor Avari |title=Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-41558-061-8 |year=2013 |page=131}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The community came to predominate south and east of Delhi after 1710.&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p22&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bayly |first=C. A. |author-link=Christopher Bayly |title=Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfo3AAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA22 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1988 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-31054-3 |page=22}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to historian [[Christopher Bayly]] {{blockquote|Men characterised by early eighteenth century Mughal records as plunderers and bandits preying on the imperial lines of communications had by the end of the century spawned a range of petty states linked by marriage alliance and religious practice.&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p22 /&amp;gt;}}<br /> <br /> The Jats had moved into the Gangetic Plain in two large migrations, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries respectively.&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p22 /&amp;gt; They were not a caste in the usual Hindu sense, for example, in which [[Bhumihar]]s of the eastern Gangetic plain were; rather they were an umbrella group of peasant-warriors.&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p22 /&amp;gt; According to Christopher Bayly: {{blockquote|This was a society where [[Brahmin]]s were few and male Jats married into the whole range of lower agricultural and entrepreneurial castes. A kind of tribal nationalism animated them rather than a nice calculation of caste differences expressed within the context of Brahminical Hindu state.&amp;lt;ref name=cbayly-1988-p22 /&amp;gt;}}<br /> <br /> By the mid-eighteenth century, the ruler of the recently established Jat kingdom of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]], Raja [[Surajmal Jat|Surajmal]], felt sanguine enough about durability to build a garden palace at nearby [[Deeg]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;MetcalfMetcalf2006-p35&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last1=Metcalf|first1=Barbara Daly|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|title=A concise history of modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuESgYNYPl0C&amp;amp;pg=PA35|access-date=24 October 2011|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86362-9|page=35}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to historian, [[Eric Thomas Stokes|Eric Stokes]], {{blockquote|When the power of the Bharatpur raja was riding high, fighting clans of Jats encroached into the Karnal/Panipat, Mathura, Agra, and Aligarh districts, usually at the expense of Rajput groups. But such a political umbrella was too fragile and short-lived for substantial displacement to be effected.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Stokes1980-p69&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Stokes|first=Eric|author-link=Eric Thomas Stokes|title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DU5AAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA69|access-date=24 October 2011|year=1980|publisher=Cambridge University Press Archive|isbn=978-0-521-29770-7|page=69}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}<br /> <br /> Leading up to the [[partition of India]], Hindu Jats, alongside other Hindu castes, would take up arms and organise into [[Dhar (guerrilla warfare)|''Dhars'']], aiming to eliminate Muslim influence in the [[Mewat]] region. The forces of nearby Hindu [[princely states]], including the Hindu Jat-ruled [[Bharatpur State]], would support rioting Hindus in expelling the [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meos]] and other regional Muslims.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Steven |title=Religious Politics and Communal Violence |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195672374 |page=77 |quote=In the 1947 riots the leadership of the dhars... took the Hindu dhar to Mewat and killed people there... The Brahman-Baniya residents, who were well off, felt threatened by the Muslim Meos. The Jats went at their invitation and they looked after the food and drink of the Jats. The dhars had weapons like the ''lathi'', ''vallam'' [spear], ''talvar'' [sword] and ''pharsa'' [axe]... The Meos began to leave in ''bhadon''. No one stopped them.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuker |first1=Francis |title=While Memory Serves |date=1950 |publisher=Cassell |page=337 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2942/page/337/mode/2up |quote=Towards the end of July there was an evacuation of Muslims from Bharatpur State into Alwar State and Gurgoan district. This was caused by the Bharatpur state troops harassing Muslims, setting their houses on fire and, it was reported, shooting them at sight. Refugees crossed a river dividing the two States... About half an hour later Bharatpur troops crossed the river and attacked the refugee camp, inflicting 150 casualties...}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After the partition, Hindu Jats continued to play a dominant role in the politics of [[Haryana]].<br /> <br /> {{Gallery<br /> |align=center<br /> |width=180 |File:JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg|Jats in the [[Delhi Territory]] in 1868.<br /> |File:JatGirlAllyghur1868.jpg|Jat girl from [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, 1868.<br /> |File:JatZemindarsRajpootana1874.jpg|Ethnographic photograph of Jat [[zemindars]] (land owners) in [[Rajasthan]], playing [[pachisi]], 1874.<br /> |File:JatBhurtporeDurbar1860s.jpg|The [[durbar (court)|durbar]] of the teenage Hindu Jat ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]], a [[princely state]] in [[Rajasthan]], early 1860s.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Muslim Jats===<br /> {{Main|Jat Muslim|Sindhi Jats}}<br /> <br /> The Jats were one of the first communities in the [[Indian subcontinent]] to interact with the [[Muslims]]. They were known to the [[Arabs]] as the [[Zutt]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Maclean, Derryl N. (1984). [https://books.google.com/books?id=kGxqygAACAAJ Religion and Society in Arab Sind]. McGill University. {{ISBN|978-0-315-20821-6}}. Pg. 45.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad (1994). &quot;Early Arab Contact with South Asia&quot;. ''Journal of Islamic Studies''. 5 (1): 52–69. {{ISSN|0955-2340}}. {{JSTOR|26196673}}. Pg. 57.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;ʿAthamina, Khalil (1998). &quot;Non-Arab Regiments and Private Militias during the Umayyād Period&quot;]. Arabica. 45 (3): 347–378. {{ISSN|0570-5398}}. Pg. 355. {{JSTOR|4057316}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; although this term also referred to several other groups found along the [[Indus River]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VfYnu5F20coC&amp;amp;dq=zutt&amp;amp;pg=PA195#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=zutt&amp;amp;f=false Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʻAyyārān and Futuwwa]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. {{ISBN|978-3-447-03652-8}}. Pg. 123, 195, 196.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Arab conquerors noted several important concentrations of Zutts in the towns and fortresses across Central and Lower [[Sind (caliphal province)|Sind]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Hind1&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries |last=Wink |first=André |year=2002 |location=Boston |publisher=Brill |volume=1 |pages=154–160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&amp;amp;pg=PA154 |isbn=9780391041738 |oclc=48837811}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title=Zuṭṭ {{!}} people|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zutt|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; <br /> <br /> Between the 11th and 16th centuries, some [[Sindhi Jats]] migrated into [[Punjab]]. Several clans have traditions of converting to [[Islam]] during this period, claiming to be influenced by [[Sufi saints]]. The conversion process was gradual. André Wink writes: {{blockquote|And in the Panjab as well, many of the Jats now, in the later thirteenth century, while being turned into peasants, began to convert to Islam on a more extended scale. The vast majority of the Jat and Rajput groups of the Panjab that became Muslim in medieval times claims to have been converted either by [[Baba Farid|Sheikh Farid ad-Din Ganj-i-Shakar]]... or by his contemporary Baha' al-Haqq Zakariya... probably it was not Baba Farid himself but his shrine which served as the agent of these clans' conversions, giving them access to Islam and making them participants in the Sultanate without being directly subservient to Delhi.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ7k2vQlYxEC&amp;amp;pg=PA242|title=Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries|publisher=Brill|year=2002|isbn=978-0-391-04174-5|volume=2|location=Boston|page=242|oclc=48837811}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} By the 16th century, many of the [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi]] clans west of the [[Ravi River]] had converted.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gandhi, Rajmohan (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tHDCvQEACAAJ Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten]. Rupa. {{ISBN|978-93-83064-08-3}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, even after conversion, some Muslim Jats continued to challenge [[Muslim conquests of India|imperial Muslim powers]] such as the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurids]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Elliot, Henry Miers (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-knEHQUmBFgC&amp;amp;q=jats+musulm%C3%A1ns+only+in+name#v=snippet&amp;amp;q=jats%20musulm%C3%A1ns%20only%20in%20name&amp;amp;f=false The History of India: As Told by Its Own Historians; the Muhammadan Period; the Posthumous Papers of H. M. Elliot, Volume 3]. Susil Gupta (India) Private, 1959. pp. 428–429. {{ISBN|978-1-108-05585-7}}. ''&quot;...[Timur] learned that they were a robust race, and were called Jats. They were Musulmáns only in name and had not their equals in theft and robbery. They plundered caravans on the road, and were a terror to Musulmáns and travellers... these turbulent Jats were as numerous as ants or locusts... [Timur] marched into the jungles and wilds, and slew 2,000 demon-like Jats.&quot;''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Mirzā |first=Shafqat Tanvīr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLpjAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=gondal+nadir+shah |title=Resistance Themes in Punjabi Literature |date=1992 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-0101-8 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mughals]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=Horace Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyctxAEACAAJ&amp;amp;q=every+time |title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province |publisher=Languages Department, Punjab, 1970 |year=1970 |isbn=9788175361522 |edition=Reprint |language=en |quote=''&quot;Every time that [Babur] entered Hindustan, the Jats and Gujars regularly poured down in prodigious numbers from their hills and wilds in order to carry off oxen and buffaloes.&quot;''}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and [[Sur Empire|Surs]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&amp;gt;Sarvānī, ʻAbbās Khān (1974). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UQYhAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;amp;q=fat%E1%B8%A5+kh%C4%81n+j%C4%81t Tārīk̲h̲-i-Śēr Śāhī]. Translated by Brahmadeva Prasad Ambashthya. K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1974. [https://archive.org/details/tarikh-i-sher-shahi-of-abbas-khan-sarwani-persian-to-english-k-p-jayaswal-resear/page/599/mode/2up?q=fath+khan+jat Archived]. Quote: ''&quot;[Suri] ordered Habibat Khan to be rid of Fath Khan Jat who was in QABūLA and who had once laid the entire country right upto PANIPAT to pillage and plunder in the time of the Mughals and had made them desolate, and had also brought MULTAN under his control after wresting it from the Balūcīs.&quot;''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Qanungo |first=kalikaranjan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.142865/page/n275/mode/1up?q=Fath |title=Sher Shah And His Times |date=1965}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Others chose to cooperate with the Muslim rulers instead, leading to prominent Jat figures such as [[List of Mughal Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier]] [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Saadullah Khan]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hussain |first1=Ghulam |title=Understanding Hegemony of Caste in Political Islam and Sufism in Sindh, Pakistan |journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies |date=August 2019 |volume=54 |issue=5 |page=729 |doi=10.1177/0021909619839430}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ml5xAAAAMAAJ Journal of Central Asia]. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 1992. p. 84. ''&quot;Sadullah Khan was the son of Amir Bakhsh, a cultivator of Chiniot. He belonged to a Jat family. He was born on Thursday, the 10th Safar 1000 A.H./1591 A.C.&quot;''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and [[Faujdar]] Rahmat Khan [[Bajwa]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahmad Nabi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfAJAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=sialkot+aurangzeb |title=Iqbal Manzil, Sialkot: An Introduction |date=1977 |publisher=Department of Archaeology &amp;amp; Museums, Government of Pakistan |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwAwAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=rahmat+khan+bajwa |title=The Pakistan Gazetteer |date=2000 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7020-884-6 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> As the [[Decline of the Mughal Empire|Mughals declined]], various groups fought to fill the power vacuum,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard; Talbot, Cynthia (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;amp;pg=PA269#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false India before Europe]. Cambridge University Press. p. 269. {{ISBN|978-0-521-80904-7}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; including some ambitious Muslim Jat chiefs and princes. The [[Rohilla dynasty|Rohilla Nawabs]] founded the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] and [[Rampur State]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvkgAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced History of India |last2=Srinivasachari |first2=G. |date=1971 |publisher=Allied Publishers |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Ishwari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CmG2uojMOcC |title=India in the Eighteenth Century |date=1973 |publisher=Chugh Publications |pages=152 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; A descendant of Saadullah Khan, [[Muzaffar Jang Hidayat]], briefly became the third [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8W3AAAAIAAJ|last=Malik|first=Zahiruddin |title=The Reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748 |publisher=Asia Publishing House|year=1977|isbn=9780210405987|pages=227}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjJuAAAAMAAJ|title= History of Modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Political and administrative aspects|author=M. A. Nayeem|publisher=Abul Kalam Azad Oriental Research Institute|year=2000|page=38}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sarojini Regani (1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857]. Concept Publishing Company. {{ISBN|9788170221951}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; And several smaller polities competed with each other on a local level, such as the [[Pakpattan#Pakpattan_state_(1692–1810_CE)|Pakpattan]] and Chattha states who fought the rising [[Sikh Misls]] in Punjab.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Richard M. Eaton (1984). Metcalf, Barbara Daly (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5-vzVq8hdkC&amp;amp;q=pakpattan&amp;amp;pg=PA349#v=snippet&amp;amp;q=pakpattan&amp;amp;f=false Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam]. University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-04660-3}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mirzā, Shafqat Tanvir (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=oLpjAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=Chattha&amp;amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;amp;cad=3 Resistance Themes in Punjabi Literature]. Sang-e-Meel Publications - University of Michigan Library (digitized 9 May 2008) via Google Books website. pp. 56–62. {{ISBN|978-969-35-0101-8}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> With the establishment of the [[British Raj]], all formerly independent or autonomous polities were either annexed or integrated into the colonial empire as [[princely states]]. When the British left and the Subcontinent was [[Partition of India|partitioned]], many Muslim Jats migrated to the newly formed [[History of Pakistan (1947-present)|Pakistan]]. However, some remained in [[History of India (1947-present)|India]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|first=Bhagata |last=Singha|title=Canadian Sikhs Through a Century, 1897–1997|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ovx5AAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=Canadian+Sikhs+Through+a+Century,+1897-1997| page=418|publisher=Gyan Sagar Publications|isbn=9788176850759}} Quote: &quot;Most of the Muslim Jats are in Pakistan and some of them are in India as well.&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; where they are known as Muley Jats.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gupta, Dipankar (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=q__sAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;amp;q=muley Rivalry and Brotherhood: Politics in the Life of Farmers in Northern India]. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. pp. 2, 34, 44-47, 50, 57, 60, 63–65, 82–85, 87, 124, 160. {{ISBN|978-0-19-564101-1}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sikh Jats===<br /> {{Main|Jat Sikh}}<br /> [[File:Portrait of Sir Rajinder Singh Maharaja of Patiala.jpg|right|thumb|The Sikh Jat Maharaja of [[Patiala]], 1898]]<br /> <br /> While followers important to Sikh tradition like [[Baba Buddha]] were among the earliest significant historical Sikh figures, and significant numbers of conversions occurred as early as the time of [[Guru Angad]] (1504–1552),&amp;lt;ref name=mandair/&amp;gt; the first large-scale conversions of Jats is commonly held to have begun during the time of [[Guru Arjan]] (1563–1606).&amp;lt;ref name=mandair/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=The Sikh Revolution: A Perspective View | publisher=Bahri Publications |last1=Singh |first1=Jagjit | date=1981 | location=New Delhi |url=https://archive.org/details/TheSikhRevolutionAPerspectiveView/page/n271/mode/2up | isbn=9788170340416}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{rp|265}} While touring the countryside of eastern Punjab, he founded several important towns like [[Tarn Taran Sahib]], [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]], and [[Sri Hargobindpur|Hargobindpur]] which functioned as social and economic hubs, and together with the [[dasvandh|community-funded]] completion of the [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]] to house the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and serve as a rallying point and centre for Sikh activity, established the beginnings of a self-contained Sikh community, which was especially swelled with the region's Jat peasantry.&amp;lt;ref name=mandair&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Mandair |first1=Arvind-pal Singh |title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |date=2013 |publisher=A&amp;amp;C Black |location=London, U.K. |isbn=9781441102317 |pages=36–42 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=Jat+peasantry}}{{rp|42}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; They formed the vanguard of Sikh resistance against the [[Mughal Empire]] from the 18th century onwards.<br /> <br /> It has been postulated, though inconclusively, that the increased militarisation of the Sikh panth following the martyrdom of [[Guru Arjan]] (beginning during the era of [[Guru Hargobind]] and continuing after) and its large Jat presence may have reciprocally influenced each other.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |quote=The Jats have long been distinguished by their martial traditions and by the custom of retaining their hair uncut. The influence of these traditions evidently operated prior to the formal inauguration of the Khalsa. |title=Who is a Sikh?: the problem of Sikh identity |first=W. H. |last=McLeod}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{full citation needed|date=September 2014}}{{sfn|Singh|1981|pp=190, 265}}<br /> <br /> The community played an important role in the development of the martial [[Khalsa]] ''[[panth]]'' of Sikhism.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Karine1987&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |title=The Sants: studies in a devotional tradition of India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |year=1987 |isbn=978-81-208-0277-3 |editor-last=Karine Schomer and W. H. McLeod |pages=242}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At least nine of the twelve Misls of the [[Sikh Confederacy]] were led by Jat Sikhs, who constituted the majority of the Sikh chiefs. They also played important roles in the remaining three Misls.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&amp;amp;pg=PA63 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |date=3 November 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhV5AAAAMAAJ |title=Sikhs and Sikhism: Comprising Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion, Early Sikh Tradition, The Evolution of the Sikh Community, Who is a Sikh? |date=4 March 2004 |publisher=OUP India |isbn=978-0-19-566892-6 |language=en |quote=It is obvious that their leadership was largely in Jaț hands and eventually it was a Jaț misldār, Raňjīt Siṅgh, who secured total ascendancy. Individual chieftains such as Jassā Siṅgh Kalāl (later known as Jassā Siṅgh Ahlūwālīā) and his namesake Jassā Siṅgh Rāmgaṛhiā represent leadership derived from lower-status groups, but do not disturb the dominant pattern}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Sikh Empire]], which ultimately unified the Misls under a single rule, was founded by the Sikh Jat [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Siṅgha |first=Bhagata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |language=en |quote=Budha Singh, an affluent Jat farmer of the village of Sukarchak in the Majha tract of the Punjab, was the first historically known ancestor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His original name was Desu. He was born in 1670. He possessed 25 acres of land and three ploughs and a well. On this land he had built a couple of houses for his family and cattle. The place was named Sukarchak. Sukar means small and narrow and chak signifies a petty tract of land.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> According to censuses in gazetteers published during the colonial period in the early 20th century, further waves of Jat conversions, from Hinduism to Sikhism, continued during the preceding decades.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The transformation of Sikh society&amp;amp;nbsp;— Page 92 by Ethne K. Marenco – ''The gazetteer also describes the relation of the Jat Sikhs to the Jat Hindus ... to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism. ...''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Social philosophy and social transformation of Sikhs by R. N. Singh (Ph. D.) Page 130 – ''The decrease of Jat Hindus from 16843 in 1881 to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism.'' ...&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Writing about the Jats of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], the Sikh author [[Khushwant Singh]] opined that their attitude never allowed themselves to be absorbed in the Brahminic fold.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 |edition=2, illustrated |first=Khushwant |last=Singh |author-link=Khushwant Singh |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2004 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ |isbn=0-19-567308-5 |oclc=438966317|quote=The Jat's spirit of freedom and equality refused to submit to Brahmanical Hinduism and in its turn drew the censure of the privileged Brahmins&amp;amp;nbsp;... The upper caste Hindu's denigration of the Jat did not in the least lower the Jat in his own eyes nor elevate the Brahmin or the Kshatriya in the Jat's estimation. On the contrary, he assumed a somewhat condescending attitude towards the Brahmin, whom he considered little more than a soothsayer or a beggar, or the Kshatriya, who disdained earning an honest living and was proud of being a mercenary.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Not a Nice Man to know: The Best of Khushwant Singh|first=Khushwant |last=Singh |author-link=Khushwant Singh |publisher=Penguin Books|year=2000|page=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cIDAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=The+Jat%27s+spirit+of+freedom+and+equality+refused+to+submit+to+Brahmanical+Hinduism+and+in+its+turn+drew+the+censure+of+the+privileged+Brahmins....+The+upper+caste+Hindu%27s+denigration&amp;amp;pg=PT209 |isbn=9789351182788}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The British played a significant role in the rise of Sikh Jat population by encouraging Hindu Jats to convert to Sikhism so as to get larger number of Sikh recruits for their army.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|title=Handbook of Indian Defence Policy|isbn=978-1317380092|publisher=Taylor &amp;amp; Francis|year=2015|editor=Harsh V. Pant|author=Kaushik Roy|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xG4CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;dq=british+encouraged+conversion+of+jats+to+sikhism&amp;amp;pg=PA71|quote=The British policy of recruiting the Sikhs (due to the imperial belief that Sikhism is a martial religion) resulted in the spread of Sikhism among the Jats of undivided Punjab and conversion of the Singhs into the 'Lions of Punjab'.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The [[princely states]] of [[Patiala State|Patiala]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Animal Kingdoms |first=Julie E. |last=Hughes |year=2013 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |edition=illustrated |page=237 |isbn=978-0674074781 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XyHkMlWnaicC&amp;amp;pg=PA237 |quote=While the rulers of Patiala were Jat Sikhs and not Rajputs, the state was the closest princely territory to Bikaner's northwest.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Jind State|Jind]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |first=Crispin |last=Bates |year=2013 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |place=India |page=176 |isbn=978-8132115892 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA176 |quote=The passage to Delhi, however, lay through the cis–Sutlej states of [[Patiala]], [[Jind]], [[Nabha]] and [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], a long chain of Jat Sikh states that had entered into a treaty of alliance with the British as far back as April 1809 to escape incorporation into the kingdom of their illustrious and much more powerful neighbour, 'the lion of Punjab' Maharaja Ranjit Singh.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; were ruled by the Sikh Jat [[Phulkian dynasty]].<br /> <br /> Leading up to the [[partition of India]], Sikh Jats, alongside other Sikh groups, would take up arms and organise into ''[[Jathas]]'', aiming to eliminate Muslim influence in east Punjab. These militias were well-organised, armed and supported by Sikh Jat princes, especially the [[Maharaja of Patiala]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Hajari |first=Nisid |date=29 June 2015 |title=Did Sikh squads participate in an organised attempt to cleanse East Punjab during Partition? |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/did-sikhs-squads-participate-organised-attempt-cleanse-east-punjab-during-partition |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=1 March 2003|title=The partition of India and retributive genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: Means, methods, and purposes 1|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520305657|journal=Journal of Genocide Research|volume=5|issue=1|pages=71–101|doi=10.1080/14623520305657|s2cid=14023723 |issn=1462-3528|url-access=subscription}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After the partition, Sikh Jats continued to play a dominant role in the politics of [[Indian Punjab]]. The ongoing [[Khalistan movement]] is also sometimes seen as an attempt to form a Sikh &quot;Jatistan&quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation |last1=Pettigrew |first1=Joyce |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence |date=1995 |publisher=Zed Books |pages= 188–197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBuAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-1-85649-355-0}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation |last1=Van Dyke |first1=Virginia |title=The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions |journal=Asian Survey |date=2009 |volume=49 |issue=6 |page=992 |doi=10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> === India ===<br /> <br /> [[File:Charan Singh, Prime Minister.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Charan Singh]], the first and only [[prime minister of India]] to be from Jat caste]]<br /> <br /> In India, multiple 21st-century estimates put Jat's population share at 20–25% in [[Haryana]] state and at 20–35% in [[East Punjab|Punjab]] state.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Meena&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last=Meena |first=Sohan Lal |editor-last=Sharma |editor-first=Sanjeev Kumar |title=Dynamics of State Politics in India |journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science |date=October–December 2006 |volume=67 |issue=4 |page=712 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC6DAAAAMAAJ |access-date=30 January 2020 |publisher=[[International Political Science Association]] |issn=0019-5510 |jstor=41856253}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jaijee&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Sidhu |first1=Aman |last2=Jaijee |first2=Inderjit Singh |title=Debt and Death in Rural India: The Punjab Story |year=2011 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-8132106531 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKKoDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT32 |access-date=30 January 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jodhka&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Jodhka |first=Surinder S. |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Manmohan Singh |title=Punjab Society: Perspectives and Challenges |year=2003 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-8180690389 |page=12 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EcW3eLUr4IoC&amp;amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=Contemporary Punjab: A Brief Introduction}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], they constitute around 9%, 5%, and 1.2% respectively of the total population.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jaffrelot&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |author1=Jaffrelot, Christophe |author-link1=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India |year=2003 |publisher=[[C. Hurst &amp;amp; Co.]] |isbn=978-1850656708 |pages=69, 281 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC&amp;amp;pg=PA69 |access-date=30 January 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Robin&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Robin |first=Cyril |editor1-last=Jaffrelot |editor1-first=Christophe |editor2-last=Kumar |editor2-first=Sanjay |title=Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies |year=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415460927 |page=66 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLu6E1AjLmgC&amp;amp;pg=PA66 |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=Bihar: The New Stronghold of OBC Politics}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Sanjay |author-link=Sanjay Kumar (professor) |title=Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi: From Caste to Class |year=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-8132113744 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2d39AAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA43 |access-date=30 January 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> In the 20th century and more recently, Jats have dominated as the political class in Haryana&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UX2-pnGoScC&amp;amp;pg=PA197|title=Caste and Democratic Politics in India|isbn=9788178240954|last1=Shah|first1=Ghanshyam|year=2004|publisher=Permanent Black }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Punjab.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/january/21/india_news/history_of_punjab_politics_jats_do_it.html|title=PremiumSale.com Premium Domains|work=indianmuslims.info|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804045102/http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/january/21/india_news/history_of_punjab_politics_jats_do_it.html|archive-date=4 August 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Jat people also became notable political leaders, including the fifth prime minister of India, [[Charan Singh]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ia.rediff.com/election/2003/nov/27akd.htm|publisher=Rediff|title=The anti-reservation man|date=27 November 2003|access-date=18 November 2006}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; from [[Uttar Pradesh]], the sixth deputy prime minister of India, [[Devi Lal]], from [[Haryana]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite magazine|title=The Jat patriarch|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18091200.htm|magazine=Frontline|date=April 2001|author=Sukumar Muralidharan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315234640/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18091200.htm|archive-date=15 March 2014|access-date=2 March 2021}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and former vice-president of India, [[Jagdeep Dhankhar|Jagdeep Dhankar]], from [[Rajasthan]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=30 July 2024 |title='Proud to be Jat,' says RS Chairman Jagdeep Dhankhar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/proud-to-be-jat-says-rs-chairman-jagdeep-dhankhar-9485455/ |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==== &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Affirmative action&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; ====<br /> Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of [[North India]]. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed among the Jat people.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRFuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Jats: Their Role &amp;amp; Contribution to the Socio-economic Life and Polity of North &amp;amp; North-west India |date=2004 |publisher=Originals |isbn=978-81-88629-16-9 |pages=14 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The Jats are classified as [[Forward caste|General caste]] (forward caste) in almost all states of India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2015 |title=Supreme Court quashes decision to include Jats in OBC category, says caste can't be sole ground |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sc-quashes-decision-to-include-jats-in-obc-category-rules-caste-cant-be-sole-ground/ |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=17 March 2015 |title=SC removes Jats from OBC list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Supreme-Court-sets-aside-Jat-quota/article60363097.ece |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Jats from seven of India’s thirty-six states and UTs, namely [[Rajasthan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Chhattisgarh]], are included in their respective state OBC lists. However, only the Jats of Rajasthan – excluding those of [[Bharatpur district]], [[Deeg district]] and [[Dholpur district]] – are entitled to reservation in central government jobs under the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] reservation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |date=30 June 2025 |title=Jat bodies seek OBC quota for community in 3 dists |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jat-bodies-seek-obc-quota-for-community-in-3-dists/articleshow/122147088.cms |access-date=12 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2016, Haryana’s Jats organised [[Jat reservation agitation|massive protests]] demanding OBC classification for affirmative action benefits.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Saubhadra Chatterji&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |author=Saubhadra Chatterji |date=22 February 2016 |title=History repeats itself as yet another Central govt faces a Jat stir |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-repeats-itself-as-yet-another-central-govt-faces-a-jat-stir/story-S01wlBGQUgpDBxfctW2rnK.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Pakistan ===<br /> {{See also|Muslim Jat of Punjab}}<br /> Many Jat Muslim people live in Pakistan and have dominant roles in public life in the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Pakistani Punjab]] and Pakistan in general. Jat communities also exist in [[Kashmir|Pakistani-administered Kashmir]], in Sindh, particularly the [[Indus River Delta|Indus delta]] and among [[Saraiki language|Seraiki]]-speaking communities in southern Pakistani Punjab, the [[Kachhi region]] of Balochistan and the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier Province]].<br /> <br /> In Pakistan also, Jat people have become notable political leaders, like [[Hina Rabbani Khar]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar |url=http://www.firstpost.com/hina-rabbani-khar/video/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar/3753808q03h1H0MiMB11.html |work=[[First Post (India)]] |access-date=11 May 2013 |quote=Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan in a Muslim Jat family. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019040904/http://www.firstpost.com/hina-rabbani-khar/video/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar/3753808q03h1H0MiMB11.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Estimations ===<br /> According to anthropologist Sunil K. Khanna, the Jat population in [[South Asia]] was estimated to be around 30 million (or 3 [[crore]]) in 2010. His estimation is based on the statistics of the last caste census conducted in 1931, which had placed the Jat population at about 8 million (or 80 [[lakh]]), mostly concentrated in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], and on the subsequent population growth of the region.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Khanna2010-p18&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Khanna |first=Sunil K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dscr_DP9etsC&amp;amp;pg=PA18 |title=Fetal/Fatal Knowledge: New Reproductive Technologies and Family-Building Strategies in India |publisher=Wadsworth, [[Cengage|Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0495095255 |page=18 |access-date=30 January 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, Deryck O. Lodrick estimated the Jat population to be over 33 million (or 3.3 [[crore]]) in [[South Asia]] in 2009—approximately 12 million in [[India]] and over 21 million in [[Pakistan]]. His calculation was based on population projections from the late 1980s and the growth trends of both countries. Lodrick also noted the lack of precise statistical data and mentioned that some estimates placed their total population at around 43 million in South Asia in 2009.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Lodrick&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |editor1-last=Gallagher |editor1-first=Timothy L. |editor2-last=Hobby |editor2-first=Jeneen |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Volume 3: Asia &amp;amp; Oceania |year=2009 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |isbn=978-1414448916 |pages=418–419 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ |access-date=30 January 2020 |chapter=JATS}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Culture and society ==<br /> <br /> ===The Khap System===<br /> {{further|Khap|Panchayati Raj}}<br /> The [[Khap]] system was historically the prevailing system of organisation among the Jat community. The system continues to exist today, but as an [[extrajudicial]] organisation not legally recognised by the [[Government of India]]. However, Khaps continue to hold significant social influence in Jat-dominated areas, policing marriage customs and other social practices,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Ajay |date=28 January 2012 |title=Khap Panchayats: A Socio-Historical Overview |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=59–64 |jstor=41419766 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |last=Kaur |first=Ravinder |url=https://www.academia.edu/671328 |title=Khap panchayats, sex ratio and female agency &amp;amp;#124; Ravinder Kaur |publisher=Academia.edu |date=5 June 2010 |access-date=31 March 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and occasionally inciting acts of [[honour killing]]s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Rein-in-khaps-prevent-honour-killings-SC-panel/Article1-890134.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717120027/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Rein-in-khaps-prevent-honour-killings-SC-panel/Article1-890134.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2012 |title=Rein in khaps, prevent honour killings: SC panel |date=17 July 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Khap system is also used for social reform in the Jat community. The Indian farmer's activist [[Mahendra Singh Tikait]] was head of the Baliyan Khap until 2011.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/muzaffarnagar-riots-a-jat-family-protected-70-muslims-in-fugna-village/1/309827.html |title=Muzaffarnagar riots: A Jat family protected 70 Muslims in Fugna village |work=India Today |date=14 September 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Khaps are clan-councils, presided over by clan elders and notables. An assembly of Khap leaders is known as a Khap Panchayat, and an assembly of several Panchayats is known as a Sarv Khap.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1965_17/51/the_jats_of_northern_indiatheir_traditional_political_systemii.pdf |title=The Jats of Northern India Their Traditional Political System – II |first=M. C. |last=Pradhan |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=18 December 1965}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Historically, Jat Khaps would raise [[militias]] to secure their own interests, usually capturing new territory for the clan or pushing for increased autonomy from the imperial center. For example, the Baliyan Khap was headquartered in the village of Sisuali in the 12th century, from where they would begin their campaigns of &quot;territorial expansion, conquest and colonization&quot;, until members of the Baliyan clan eventually dominated the entire [[Pargana]] of Sisuali by the 16th century. During the reign of [[Akbar]], the [[Mughal government]] would grant many concessions to prominent Jat Khaps, including the Baliyan Khap, waiving &quot;imposts that the Jats had resisted for centuries&quot; in exchange for their support of the new tax reforms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire - Part 1 Volume 5 |date=1993 |isbn=9780521566032 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&amp;amp;q=khap%20autonomy%20akbar |pages=88–90}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Military ===<br /> {{See also|Jat Regiment}}<br /> [[File:14th Murrays Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862-1919).jpg|thumb|14th Murrays Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862–1919).jpg]]<br /> [[File:The Jat Regiment marching contingents passes through the Rajpath during the 66th Republic Day Parade 2015, in New Delhi on January 26, 2015.jpg|thumb|270px|A contingent of the [[Jat Regiment]] of [[Indian Army]], during the [[Indian Republic Day|Republic day]] parade]]<br /> Many Jat people serve in the [[Indian Army]], including the [[Jat Regiment]], [[Sikh Regiment]], [[Rajputana Rifles]] and the [[The Grenadiers|Grenadiers]], where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|author=Ian Sumner|year=2001|pages=104–105|title=The Indian Army 1914–1947|location=London|publisher=Osprey|isbn=1-84176-196-6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The Jat people were designated by officials of the [[British Raj]] as a &quot;[[martial race]]&quot;, which meant that they were one of the groups whom the British favoured for recruitment to the [[British Indian Army]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=India And The First World War |first=Budheswar |last=Pati |publisher=Atlantic Publishers |year=1996 |page=62 |isbn=9788171565818 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASZvjTV1LdUC&amp;amp;pg=PA62}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=American Indians in World War I: At Home and at War |first=Thomas A. |last=Britten |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |year=1997 |page=128 |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=0-8263-2090-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8mZQhVkc-kC&amp;amp;pg=PA128 |quote=The Rajputs, Jats, Dogras, Pathans, Gorkhas, and Sikhs, for example, were considered martial races. Consequently, the British labored to ensure that members of the so-called martial castes dominated the ranks of infantry and cavalry and placed them in special &quot;class regiments.&quot;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This was a designation created by administrators that classified each ethnic group as either &quot;martial&quot; or &quot;non-martial&quot;: a &quot;martial race&quot; was typically considered brave and well built for fighting,&amp;lt;ref name=rand&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rand |first=Gavin |title=Martial Races and Imperial Subjects: Violence and Governance in Colonial India 1857–1914 |journal=European Review of History |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |date=March 2006 |url= |doi=10.1080/13507480600586726|s2cid=144987021 |issn=1350-7486 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; while the remainder were those whom the British believed to be unfit for battle because of their sedentary lifestyles.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Street&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Martial Races: The military, race and masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 |last=Streets |first=Heather |year=2004 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location= |isbn=978-0-7190-6962-8 |page=241 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BscnZT_1po8C |access-date=20 October 2010}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, the martial races were also considered politically subservient, intellectually inferior, lacking the initiative or leadership qualities to command large military formations. The British had a policy of recruiting the martial Indians from those who has less access to education as they were easier to control.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Khalidi2003&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Omar Khalidi|title=Khaki and the Ethnic Violence in India: Army, Police, and Paramilitary Forces During Communal Riots|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-NtAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Three Essays Collective|quote= Apart from their physique, the martial races were regarded as politically subservient or docile to authority|page=5|isbn=9788188789092}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Levine2003&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Philippa Levine|title=Prostitution, Race, and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1lPzFCG9EC|year=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-94447-2|pages=284–285|quote=The Saturday review had made much the same argument a few years earlier in relation to the armies raised by Indian rulers in princely states. They lacked competent leadership and were uneven in quality. Commander in chief Roberts, one of the most enthusiastic proponents of the martial race theory, though poorly of the native troops as a body. Many regarded such troops as childish and simple. The British, claims, David Omissi, believe martial Indians to be stupid. Certainly, the policy of recruiting among those without access to much education gave the British more semblance of control over their recruits.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to modern historian Jeffrey Greenhunt on military history, &quot;The Martial Race theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward&quot;. According to Amiya Samanta, the martial race was chosen from people of mercenary spirit (a soldier who fights for any group or country that will pay him/her), as these groups lacked nationalism as a trait.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Samanta2000&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Amiya K. Samanta|title=Gorkhaland Movement: A Study in Ethnic Separatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4GqdfG0EU8C&amp;amp;pg=PA26|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-166-3|pages=26–|quote=Dr . Jeffrey Greenhunt has observed that &quot; The Martial Race Theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward. Besides their mercenary spirit was primarily due to their lack of nationalism.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Jats participated in both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], as a part of the British Indian Army.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |first=Ashley |last=Jackson |year=2005 |title=The British Empire and the Second World War |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]] |isbn= 1-85285-417-0 |pages=121–122}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the period subsequent to 1881, when the British reversed their prior anti-Sikh policies, it was necessary to profess Sikhism in order to be recruited to the army because the administration believed Hindus to be inferior for military purposes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India |first=Peter |last=Van Der Veer |author-link=Peter van der Veer |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-520-08256-4 |pages=55–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p29ArJ7j6zgC&amp;amp;pg=PA55}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Indian Army]] admitted in 2013 that the 150-strong Presidential Bodyguard comprises only people who are Hindu Jats, Jat Sikhs and Hindu Rajputs. Refuting claims of discrimination, it said that this was for &quot;functional&quot; reasons rather than selection based on caste or religion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/prez-bodyguards-only-for-rajput-jats-and-sikhs-army/812301|title=Prez Bodyguards Only for Rajput, Jats and Sikhs: Army |date=2 October 2013 |work=Outlookindia.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Religion ===<br /> {{See also|Jat Sikh|Jat Muslim}}<br /> Jats practise several religions, primarily [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], and [[Islam]]. In [[India]], large numbers of Jats are [[Hindus|Hindu]], concentrated in [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Hindu Jats also [[Veneration of the dead|pray to their dead ancestors]], a practice which is called ''Jathera.''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Jhutti |first=Sundeep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wciBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Getes |publisher=Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, [[University of Pennsylvania]] |year=2003 |oclc=56397976 |quote=The Jats of the Panjab worship their ancestors in a practice known as Jathera.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Sikh Jats]] forms a significant portion of the Sikh population in [[Punjab]], and some scholars have linked Sikh military traditions to the community’s agrarian and martial background. In [[Pakistan]], most Jats are [[Muslim Jats|Muslim]].<br /> <br /> Deryck O. Lodrick estimates religion-wise break-up of Jats as follows: 47% Hindus, 33% Muslims, and 20% Sikhs.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Lodrick&quot; /&amp;gt; <br /> <br /> In the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Province of Punjab]], as per a 1921 census held in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], 47% were Muslims, 33% were Sikhs and 19% were Hindus.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;“Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 1, Report.” ''Census Reports - 1921'', 1923., 1923. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430164 JSTOR]. Accessed 7 November 2025. Page 345.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The former Punjab Province of British India extended well beyond the borders of present-day Punjab in both Pakistan and India, encompassing regions that are now part of [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]], and parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], in addition to today’s Punjab provinces.<br /> <br /> === Varna status ===<br /> There are conflicting scholarly views regarding the [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] status of Jats in Hinduism. Historian [[Satish Chandra (historian)|Satish Chandra]] describes the varna of Jats as &quot;ambivalent&quot; during the medieval era.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Chandra&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last=Chandra |first=Satish |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |title=Social Background to the Rise of the Maratha Movement during the 17th Century in India |journal=[[Indian Economic and Social History Review]] |year=1973 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=214–215 |doi=10.1177/001946467301000301 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |s2cid=144887395 |quote=The Marathas formed the fighting class in Maharashtra and also engaged themselves in agriculture. Like the Jats in north India, their position in the ''varna'' system was ambivalent.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Historian [[Irfan Habib]] states that the Jats were a &quot;pastoral Chandala-like tribe&quot; in [[Sindh]] during the eighth century. Their 11th-century status of Shudra varna changed to Vaishya varna by the 17th century, with some of them aspiring to improve it further after their 17th-century rebellion against the Mughals. He cites [[Al-Biruni]] and ''[[Dabestan-e Mazaheb|Dabistan-i Mazahib]]'' to support the claims of Shudra and Vashiya varna respectively.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Habib&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foG83i6XPuMC&amp;amp;pg=PA175 |title=Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-1843310259 |page=175 |quote=A historically singular case is that of the Jatts, a pastoral Chandala-like tribe in eighth-century Sind, who attained sudra status by the eleventh century (Alberuni), and had become peasants par excellence (of vaisya status) by the seventeenth century (Dabistani-i Mazahib). The shift to peasant agriculture was probably accompanied by a process of 'sanskritization', a process which continued, when, with the Jat rebellion of the seventeenth century a section of the Jats began to aspire to the position of zamindars and the status of Rajputs. |access-date=29 March 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The claim at that time of Kshatriya status was being made by the [[Arya Samaj]], which was popular in the Jat community. The Arya Samaj saw it as a means to counter the colonial belief that the Jats were not of Aryan descent but of [[Indo-Scythian]] origin.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jaffrelotp431&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Religion, Caste &amp;amp; Politics in India |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010 |isbn=9789380607047 |page=431 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&amp;amp;pg=PA431}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[Christopher Bayly]] writes that the ruling dynasties among the Jats, [[Rajputs]] and [[Maratha_(caste)|Maratha]], that arose when the Islamic cultural influence diminished, mostly originated from peasant of nomadic castes, but they performed rituals such as [[Śrāddha]] by employing high status Brahmins. These communities hoped that such rituals would enable them to make a Kshatriya claim.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Jwhaley2012&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | editor =Joachim Whaley|author= C.A.Bayly | title=Mirrors of Mortality (Routledge Revivals): Social Studies in the History of Death | publisher=Taylor &amp;amp; Francis | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-136-81060-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIksZtWqrd0C&amp;amp;pg=PA164 | access-date=14 March 2025 | page=164|quote= It was among the rulers of these new predominantly, Hindu states - the Mahrattas in the west, the Jats near Delhi and the Bhumihar and Rajput rulers of the ganjetic plane itself - that the holy and funerary rites found their most energetic patrons. These ruling dynasties were often themselves drawn from nomadic or peasant communities of relatively low caste status. An essential aspect of the consolidation of their power was a claim to legitimacy which entailed regular association with the cult centers of orthodox Hinduism. By acquiring priests of sufficiently high status to perform ceremonies such as shraddha, these princes could hope to their claims to kshatriya(warrior) which was the pride of the old Hindu ruling houses.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;c156&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bayly |first=C. A. | title=Origins of Nationality in South Asia: Patriotism and Ethical Government in the Making of Modern India |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |series=Oxford India paperbacks |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-564457-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTNuAAAAMAAJ |page=144}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[Dipankar Gupta]] states that the reason that originally low castes, such as Jat or Rajput, who had a shudra status in the early medieval era, have been enabled to claim Kshatriya status in modern times is due to political power.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Gupta2000&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Dipankar |title=Interrogating Caste: Understanding Hierarchy and Difference in Indian Society |publisher=Penguin Books India |date=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-029706-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIuZ5WdSzl0C&amp;amp;pg=PA124 |page=124 |quote=Each caste would like its own hierarchy to be realized but to do so it must have power at its bidding. This is what has allowed castes that were once low to claim undisputed kshatriya status today. The transformation of Rajputs , Gujars and Jats from their early medieval Shudra positions to upper caste Kshatriya status is clearly a case in point. Today if Jats or Rajputs were reminded of their shudra past it would hardly carry with it a ring of credibility.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He also says that Rajputs, Jats, Marathas - all claim Kshatriya status but do not accept each other's claim. There is no agreement on who is a true kshatriya caste.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |first=Dipankar |last=Gupta |title=CheckPoint sociology |date=16 May 2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2EAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT60 |page=60 |publisher=[[Taylor &amp;amp; Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-90548-9 |quote=As almost everybody aspires to be a warrior, king and conqueror, it is hardly surprising that there is no consensus in India’s four caste model (or chaturvarna) on who is a true Kshatriya. From earthy Jats and Marathas, to princelings and their hangers on, such as the Rajputs and Thakurs, a wide range of castes call themselves ‘Kshatriyas’, but without a shred of mutual admiration.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Social Change in Modern India |first=Mysore Narasimhachar |last=Srinivas |date=1995 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0422-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrJB-MsbWvoC&amp;amp;pg=PA9 |quote='while there seems to be some agreement in each area in India as to who are Brahmins and who Untouchables, such consensus is absent with regard to Kshatriyas and Vaishyas}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Marriage ===<br /> Jat marriages are traditionally structured around [[clan]] (gotra) [[exogamy]] and village [[exogamy]], with marriage within the same gotra or village typically prohibited.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tiemann |first=Günter |date=1970 |title=The Four-got-Rule among the Jat of Haryana in Northern India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40457619 |journal=Anthropos |volume=65 |issue=1/2 |pages=166–177 |jstor=40457619 |issn=0257-9774}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the same time, caste [[endogamy]] is commonly observed, with Jats marrying within their own community. These practices are considered important for maintaining kinship alliances and social cohesion across villages and regions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Khanna |first=Sunil K. |date=2001 |title=Shahri Jat and Pahari Jatni : Gendered Ethnicity in an Urbanizing Jat Village in North India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09720073.2001.11890680 |journal=The Anthropologist |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.1080/09720073.2001.11890680 |issn=0972-0073|url-access=subscription }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last1=Gall |first1=Timothy L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbhZAAAAYAAJ |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life |last2=Hobby |first2=Jeneen |date=2009 |publisher=Gale |isbn=978-1-4144-4891-6 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Jat weddings combine pan-Indian rituals with local customs. Ceremonies often include [[Procession|processions]], [[Feast|communal feasts]], and ritual gifting, serving both social and symbolic functions. Weddings are frequently public events, used to reinforce clan ties, demonstrate social status, and maintain local prestige.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chowdhry |first=Prem |date=1987 |title=Socio-Economic Dimensions of Certain Customs and Attitudes: Women of Haryana in the Colonial Period |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4377793 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=22 |issue=48 |pages=2060–2066 |jstor=4377793 |issn=0012-9976}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> In some regions, informal caste councils ([[khap panchayats]]) have historically played a role in regulating marriages. These councils may enforce community norms, particularly regarding same-gotra, inter-village, or inter-caste unions. While such councils have been criticised for restricting individual choice,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=25 November 2019 |title=Love marriages are not acceptable, says khap leader |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/love-marriages-are-not-acceptable-says-khap-leader/article30080855.ece |access-date=23 October 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; they have traditionally functioned as a mechanism for maintaining social order within Jat community.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chowdhry |first=Prem |date=1 February 2004 |title=Caste panchayats and the policing of marriage in Haryana: Enforcing kinship and territorial exogamy |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/006996670403800102 |journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |language=EN |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–42 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800102 |issn=0069-9659|url-access=subscription }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Rajput-Jat relations===<br /> [[André Wink]] states that some Rajputs may be Jats by origin.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |first=André |last=Wink |author-link=André Wink |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&amp;amp;pg=PA154 |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval and the expansion of Islam |pages=154, 155 |year=2002 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=0391041738}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tanuja Kothiyal states that modern research reveals that Jats is one of the communities from which Rajputs have emerged, the others being [[Bhils]], [[Mer (community)|Mers]], [[Meena|Minas]], [[Gujars]] and [[Raikas]]. This is contradictory to the British colonial era false narrative that these communities had a Rajput origin.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-107-08031-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA265 |page=265}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She points to the fact that &quot;both Rajputs and Jats appear to originate from the mobile cattle rearing and [[Cattle_theft_in_India|rustling]] groups&quot;, hence it is understandable that they refer to each other in their chronicles, although they try to remain distinct. However, since Rajputs dominated the region, they were portrayed as &quot;warriors&quot; as opposed to Jats who were portrayed as &quot;farmers&quot;, thus wiping out [[Kingship_(Hinduism)|&quot;Jat kingship&quot;]] from the historiography.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-107-08031-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA257 |page=257 |quote=Given the fact that both Rajputs and Jats appear to originate from the mobile cattle rearing and rustling groups, it is not surprising that these groups find references in each other's narratives, while attempting to establish a separate identity at the same time. The dominance of Rajput perspective in the historiography of the region, not only obliterated references to Jat kingship or Jat resistance to Rajput kingship, but also increasingly poised Jats as sturdy, hardworking but simple minded peasant community, as opposed to the martial rajputs.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Rajputs refused to accept Jat claims to Kshatriya status during the later years of the British Raj and this disagreement frequently resulted in violent incidents between the two communities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=The Cat and the Lion: Jaipur State in the British Raj |first=Robert W. |last=Stern |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |location=Leiden |year=1988 |isbn=9789004082830 |page=287 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NK1MhWq-9VkC&amp;amp;pg=PA287}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Female infanticide and status of woman in society ===<br /> During the colonial period, many communities including Hindu Jats were found to be practising female [[infanticide]] in different regions of Northern India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vishwanath |first=L. S. |date=2004 |title=Female Infanticide: The Colonial Experience |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=39 |issue=22 |pages=2313–2318 |jstor=4415098 |issn=0012-9976|quote=The 1921 census reports classifies castes into two categories, namely, castes. having a tradition' of female infanticide and castes without such a tradition (see table). This census provides figures from 1901 to 1921 to show that in Punjab, United Provinces and Rajputana castes such as Hindu rajputs, Hindu jats and gujars with 'a tradition' of female infanticide had a much lower number of females per thousand males compared to castes without such a tradition which included: Muslim rajputs, Muslim jats, chamar, kanet, arain, kumhar, kurmi, brahmin, dhobi, teli and lodha}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=VISHWANATH |first=L. S. |title=Towards a Conceptual Understanding of Female Infanticide and Neglect in Colonial India |date=1994 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=55 |pages=606–613 |jstor=44143417 |issn=2249-1937|quote= By 1850, several castes, in North India, the Jats, Ahirs, Gujars and Khutris, and the Lewa Patidar Kanbis in Central Gujarat were found to practice female infanticide. The colonial authorities also found that both in rural North and West India, the castes which practised female infanticide were propertied (they owned substantial arable land), had the hypergamous marriage norm and paid large dowries.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> A 1988 study of Jat society pointed out that differential treatment is given to women in comparison to men. The birth of a male child in a family is celebrated and is considered auspicious, while the reaction to the birth of a female child is more subdued. In villages, female members are supposed to get married at a younger age and they are expected to work in fields as subordinate to the male members. There is general bias against education for the female child in society, though trends are changing with urbanisation. Purdah system is practised by women in Jat villages which act as hindrance to their overall emancipation. The village Jat councils which are male-dominated mostly don't allow female members to head their councils as the common opinion on it is that women are inferior, incapable and less intelligent to men.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mann |first=Kamlesh |date=1988 |title=Status Portrait of Jat Woman |journal=Indian Anthropologist |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=51–67 |jstor=41919573 |issn=0970-0927}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Clan system ==<br /> The Jat people are subdivided into numerous clans, some of which overlap with the [[Ror]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhIwAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=Lather |title=People of India: Haryana |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7304-091-7 |pages=425 |language=en |quote=Ror clans: Sangwan, Dhiya, Malik, Lather, etc, are also found among the Jats. From an economic point of view the Rors living in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts consider themselves better off than their counterparts in Jind and Sonepat districts.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Arain]],&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed 95&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Mukhtar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHFHDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;dq=jat+clans+overlap+with+rajput&amp;amp;pg=PA95 |title=The Arains: A Historical Perspective |date=18 April 2016 |publisher=Createspace |isbn=978-1-5327-8117-9 |pages=95 |language=en |quote=Some clans of the '''Arains''' which is also shared by Rajputs and the '''Jats'''. Bhutto is another variant of Bhutta. Some important Arian clans overlap with the Rajputs, for instance: Sirohsa, Ganja, Shaun, Bhatti, Butto, Chachar, Indrai, Joiya...}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Rajput]]&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed 95&quot;/&amp;gt; and other groups.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |first=J. A. |last=Marshall |title=Guide to Taxila |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1960 |page=24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Hindu and Sikh Jats practise [[exogamy|clan exogamy]].<br /> <br /> === List of clans ===<br /> {{div col}}<br /> * [[Ahlawat]]<br /> * [[Anjana Chaudhari]]<br /> * [[Aulakh]]<br /> * [[Bagri clan|Bagri]]<br /> * [[Bajwa]]<br /> * [[Babbar (tribe)|Babbar]]<br /> * [[Beniwal]]<br /> * [[Bharwana]]<br /> * [[Brar]]<br /> * [[Buttar]]<br /> * [[Chahal (disambiguation)|Chahal]]<br /> * [[Cheema (surname)|Cheema]]<br /> * [[Dabas (clan)|Dabas]]<br /> * [[Dahiya (surname)|Dahiya]]<br /> * [[Deol]]<br /> * [[Dharan clan|Dharan]]<br /> * [[Dhaliwal (surname)|Dhaliwal]]<br /> * [[Dhillon]]<br /> * [[Dholiya]]<br /> * [[Gill (name)|Gill]]<br /> * [[Godara]]<br /> * [[Grewal]]<br /> * [[Jakhar (disambiguation)|Jakhar]]<br /> * [[Kaswan]]<br /> * [[Khakh]]<br /> * [[Khangura]]<br /> * [[Kharal]]<br /> * [[Lashari]]<br /> * [[Malhi (Jat clan)|Malhi]]<br /> * [[Malik Jat clan|Malik]]<br /> * [[Maulaheri Jats|Maulaheri]]<br /> * [[Mirdha]]<br /> * [[Muley Jats|Muley]]<br /> * [[Naich clan|Naich]]<br /> * [[Panwar]]<br /> * [[Poonia]]<br /> * [[Rath tribe|Rath]] (also known as Rathi and Rathee)&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Pati&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Pati |first=Sushmita |editor1-last=Mitra |editor1-first=Iman Kumar |editor2-last=Samaddar |editor2-first=Ranabir |editor3-last=Sen |editor3-first=Samita |editor3-link=Samita Sen |title=Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-1037-8 |isbn=978-9811010378 |page=95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKrCDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA95 |access-date=17 May 2020 |chapter=Accumulation by Possession: The Social Processes of Rent Seeking in Urban Delhi}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Rahal clan|Rahal]]<br /> * [[Randhawa]]<br /> * [[Ranjha clan|Ranjha]]<br /> * [[Rehvar]]<br /> * [[Sahota]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Webster |first=John C. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvqNDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=sahota+&amp;amp;pg=PT33 |title=A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800 |date=22 December 2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909757-9 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Sandhawalia]]<br /> * [[Sandhu]]<br /> * [[Sangwan]]<br /> * [[Sekhon]]<br /> * [[Sial tribe|Sial]]<br /> * [[Sidhu]]<br /> * [[Sihag]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ramesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oE5uAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;q=sihag+jat+caste |title=Regionalisation of Politics in India |date=1996 |publisher=Mohit Publications |isbn=978-81-7445-018-0 |pages=50 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Sinsinwar (surname)|Sinsinwar]]<br /> * [[Teotia]]<br /> * [[Thaheem (tribe)|Thaheem]]<br /> * [[Tomar (Jat clan)|Tomar]]<br /> * [[Virk]]<br /> * [[Warraich (clan)|Warraich]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Notable people==<br /> <br /> {{Main|List of Jats}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Jat reservation agitation]]<br /> * [[Meo (ethnic group)]]<br /> * [[World Jat Aryan Foundation]]<br /> * [[List of Jat dynasties and states]]<br /> * [[Jāti]]<br /> <br /> == Footnotes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite book |last=Bayly |first=C. A. |title=Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fX2zMfWqIzMC&amp;amp;pg=PA190 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1989 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-38650-0 |pages=190–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Brass |first=Tom |title=New farmers' movements in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IcjA67sdrsC&amp;amp;pg=PA183 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1995 |publisher=[[Taylor &amp;amp; Francis]] |isbn=978-0-7146-4134-8 |pages=183–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Byres |first=T. J. |title=Rural labour relations in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6SkYn0aRN9YC&amp;amp;pg=PA217 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Taylor &amp;amp; Francis]] |isbn=978-0-7146-8046-0 |pages=217–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Chowdhry |first1=Prem |editor1-last=Sarkar |editor1-first=Sumit |editor2-last=Sarkar |editor2-first=Tanika |title=Women and social reform in modern India: a reader|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEPYbuzOwcQC&amp;amp;pg=PA147 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-22049-3 |pages=147– |chapter=Customs in a Peasant Economy: Women in Colonial Harayana}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Akhil |title=Postcolonial developments: agriculture in the making of modern India |url=https://archive.org/details/postcolonialdeve00akhi |url-access=registration |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8223-2213-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/postcolonialdeve00akhi/page/361 361]–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Dipankar |title=Political sociology in India: contemporary trends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBaY1QCFS2oC&amp;amp;pg=PA70 |access-date=15 October 2011 |date=1 January 1996 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0665-7 |pages=70–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC&amp;amp;pg=PA274 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-12786-8}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |author-link=Ayesha Jalal |title=Democracy and authoritarianism in South Asia: a comparative and historical perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHPok4epvlIC&amp;amp;pg=PA212 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1995 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-47862-5 |pages=212–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Larson |first=Gerald James |title=India's agony over religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6jmckIUHMAC&amp;amp;pg=PA90 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1995 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=978-0-7914-2412-4 |pages=90–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Owen M. |title=Divine passions: the social construction of emotion in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3HEvGsKflwC&amp;amp;pg=PA255 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1990 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-06647-2 |pages=255–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Mazumder |first=Rajit K. |title=The Indian army and the making of Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC&amp;amp;pg=PA176 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-059-6 |pages=176–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Misra |first=Maria |title=Vishnu's crowded temple: India since the Great Rebellion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjxiMSd0YwoC&amp;amp;pg=PA89 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-13721-7 |pages=89–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Oldenburg |first=Veena Talwar |author-link=Veena Talwar Oldenburg|title=Dowry murder: the imperial origins of a cultural crime |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5Fm1XdS-6EC&amp;amp;pg=PA34 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-515071-1 |pages=34–}}<br /> * {{cite book |editor1-last=Pandian |editor1-first=Anand |editor2-last=Ali |editor2-first=Daud |title=Ethical Life in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R_nwe6r5R0C&amp;amp;pg=PA206 |access-date=15 October 2011 |date=1 September 2010 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-22243-5 |pages=206–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Pinch |first=William R. |title=Peasants and monks in British India |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc |url-access=registration |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1996 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/12 12], 26, 28}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&amp;amp;pg=PA269 |access-date=15 October 2011 |date=26 January 1996 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |pages=269–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Shweder |first1=Richard A. |last2=Minow |first2=Martha |last3=Markus |first3=Hazel Rose |title=Engaging cultural differences: the multicultural challenge in liberal democracies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DljvifEwf34C&amp;amp;pg=PA57 |access-date=15 October 2011 |date=November 2004 |publisher=Russell Sage Foundation |isbn=978-0-87154-795-8 |pages=57–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph |editor1-last=Singer |editor1-first=Milton |editor2-last=Cohn |editor2-first=Bernard S. |title=Structure and Change in Indian Society |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g-_r-9Oa_sC&amp;amp;pg=PA100 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2007 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36138-3 |pages=81–114 |chapter=Caste Regions of the Northern Plain}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Stern |first=Robert W. |title=Changing India: bourgeois revolution on the subcontinent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kb_z1KghC1oC&amp;amp;pg=PA58 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-00912-6 |pages=58–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Ian |title=Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the partition of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4w0HDZxXvlwC&amp;amp;pg=PA94 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=1996 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-7007-0427-9 |pages=94–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Tan |first=Tai Yong |title=The garrison state: the military, government and society in colonial Punjab 1849–1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrCdFzlq5-AC&amp;amp;pg=PA85 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2005 |publisher=[[SAGE Publicatiosn]] |isbn=978-0-7619-3336-6 |pages=85–}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Wadley |first=Susan Snow |author-link=Susan Snow Wadley |title=Raja Nal and the Goddess: the north Indian epic Dhola in performance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqcttdCbb9wC&amp;amp;pg=PA60 |access-date=15 October 2011 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34478-6 |pages=60–}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> <br /> {{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}<br /> {{Gotras of Jats}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Jat|*]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in Sindh]]<br /> [[Category:Agricultural castes]]<br /> [[Category:Indian castes]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu communities]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalpana_Morparia&diff=507770 2026-03-08T02:16:04Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new initial pg first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian banker}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Kalpana Morparia<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|5|30}}<br /> | birth_place =<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office = [[JPMorgan Chase|CEO, South and Southeast Asia, JPMorgan]]<br /> | term_start = 2008<br /> | term_end = 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;REF0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/leo-puri-to-take-over-as-chairman-of-jp-morgan/article31686273.ece|title=Leo Puri to take over as Chairman of JP Morgan|work=Business Line|location=Chennai|date=27 May 2020|access-date=3 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | successor = Leo Puri<br /> | alma_mater = Sophia College for Women<br /> | occupation = [[CEO]], [[JPMorgan Chase|JP Morgan]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kalpana Morparia''' is an Indian banker. She was associated with [[ICICI Bank]] for thirty three years. She was the chief executive officer of [[JPMorgan Chase|South and Southeast Asia, JPMorgan]], the Indian extension of a 2.1 trillion dollar American company. Kalpana serves as an independent Director on the Boards of several leading Indian companies. A graduate in law from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]], Morparia has served on several committees constituted by the Government of India. She is ranked by [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune magazine]] as one of the fifty most powerful women in international business.&lt;ref name=&quot;REF1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/mpw/kalpana-morparia?year=2018|title=MOSTPOWERFUL WOMEN|via=fortuneindia.com|work=fortuneindia.com|access-date=3 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;REF2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.chitralekha.com/JewelsofIndia/English/KalpanaMorparia.pdf|title=The Complete Businesswoman|via=chitralekha.com|work=chitralekha.com|access-date=3 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;REF3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/kalpana-morparia-to-retire-from-jpm/articleshow/76048499.cms|title=Kalpana Morparia to retire from JPM|work=indiatimes.com|date=28 May 2020|access-date=3 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;REF4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/kalpana-morparia-an-iconic-banker-who-loved-12-hour-working-days-5326861.html|title=Kalpana Morparia, an iconic banker, set to draw curtains on an illustrious career|via=moneycontrol.com|work=moneycontrol.com|date=28 May 2020|access-date=3 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Kalpana Morparia, youngest of her three sisters, was born on 30 May 1949 in a Lohana family of Bhawandas and Lakshmiben Tanna. At a young age, her father died. At 16 years old, she completed her schooling and joined [[Sophia College for Women]] to study Science and then she was a B.Sc. graduate with Chemistry by 1970. Later she pursued a Degree in Law.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> She took up teaching after completing graduation but had to take a break for 11–12 months as she developed speech complications and had to remain confined to home. Her elder sister Parul Thakker had studied law and was associated with a solicitor's firm. She decided to follow the same and got admitted in a law college. Meanwhile, she married Jaisingh. She completed her law degree and joined in 1974 a law firm named Matubhai Jamiyatram and Madon, a law firm at no pay. In 1975, she joined ICICI to work at their legal department. The management began to entrust her with various responsibilities. In 1991 the management sent her to the US to study [[capital market]] in America where she worked at New York's David Polk and Wardwell for three months. She was responsible for the birth of ICICI Bank which she got listed with the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in 1999. She facilitated the merger of ICICI Bank with ICICI in 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;REF3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Business advancement==<br /> Kalpana worked in the legal department of ICICI from 1975 to 1994. In 1996 she was designated as General Manager. Then she was in charge of the legal, planning, treasury and corporate communications departments. In 1998, she was designated a Senior General Manager of ICICI. She joined the Board of Directors of ICICI in May 2001. In May 2002 the board appointed Morparia as an executive director. Again in 2006 April she was designated as the Deputy Managing director. Thereafter she was made the joint managing director. She was then in charge of the Corporate Centre with responsibilities such as transaction processing and operations for wholesale, retail, rural and international banking, strategy, risk management, compliance, audit, legal, finance, treasury, secretarial, human resources management, corporate communications and facilities management and administration functions. For a period of five years from 1 June 2007 to 2012, she was the Chief Strategy and Communications Officer. Today she is the CEO of J P Morgan, she is also the independent Director of Dr. Reddy's Lab, Bennet &amp; Colman, CMC Limited of Tata Consultancy. She looks after the philanthropic work of [[Bharti Foundation|Bharati Foundation]] run by [[Sunil Mittal]] of [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]]. It is engaged with construction of schools in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu and adopts neglected schools.&lt;ref name=&quot;REF3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Achievements==<br /> *Kalpana has been instrumental in the ICICI Group's major corporate structuring initiative – ''the merger of ICICI Limited with ICICI Bank'', to create India's second-largest bank.<br /> *Morparia was named one of ‘''The 50 Most Powerful Women in International Business''’ by Fortune magazine in 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;REF1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade &amp;#38; Industry}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Morparia, Kalpana}}<br /> [[Category:1949 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women bankers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian bankers]]<br /> [[Category:Sophia College for Women alumni]]<br /> [[Category:JPMorgan Chase people]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Singh_(politician)&diff=472703 2026-03-06T10:57:42Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: general refined details after review and added references per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Ram Singh<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|08|12|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=बिहार विधान सभा सचिवालय - सप्तदश बिहार विधान सभा मे माननीय सदस्यों की जन्म तिथि एवं टर्मवार सूची |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427090929/https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2023 |url-status=live |language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | residence = <br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Bagaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagaha]]<br /> | term_start1 = 2020<br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | predecessor1 = [[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]]<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | alma_mater =<br /> | religion = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | children =<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Ram Singh''' is an Indian politician belonging to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bagaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagaha]] in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] replacing [[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]] former IAS officer who won the seat in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015 election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-11-10|title=Bagaha Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Ram Singh of BJP Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bagaha-election-result-2020-live-updates-bagaha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3060953.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-14|website=[[News18]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bihar-polls-bjp-releases-final-list-of-35-candidates-renominates-four-state-ministers-drops-two-mlas-8914761.html |title=BJP releases final list of 35 candidates, renominates four state ministers, drops two MLAs|accessdate=14 November 2020|website=First Post|date=15 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bjp-releases-its-final-list-for-bihar-polls-four-ministers-renominated-5964921.html |title=BJP releases its final list for Bihar polls; four ministers renominated<br /> |accessdate=14 November 2020|website=Money Control}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/bihar-polls-rebuffed-ex-ias-officer-invokes-shivaji-teachings-to-seek-support |title=Rebuffed ex-IAS officer invokes Shivaji teachings to seek support|accessdate=14 November 2020|website=Free Press Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=12657 |title=Member Profile|accessdate=14 November 2020|website=My Neta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ram}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from West Champaran district]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]<br /> [[Category:1955 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iru_Thuruvam&diff=462146 2026-03-04T04:55:14Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: added intro for consistency further for consistency</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1971 film by S. Ramanathan}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{for|the TV series|Iru Dhuruvam (TV series)}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Iru Thuruvam<br /> | image = Iru Thuruvam.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]]<br /> | producer = [[P. S. Veerappa]]<br /> | screenplay = M. K. Ramu<br /> | story = [[Dilip Kumar]]<br /> | starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]<br /> | music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]<br /> | editing = A. Paul Duraisingam<br /> | studio = P. S. V. Pictures<br /> | released = {{Film date|1971|01|14|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Iru Thuruvam''''' ({{translation|Two Poles}}) also transliterated as '''''Iru Dhuruvam''''', is a 1971 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime drama film]], produced by [[P. S. Veerappa]] and directed by [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]], with [[Nagesh]] and [[Major Sundarrajan|Sundarrajan]] in supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1961 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 March 2017 |title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 168– சுதாங்கன் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/24497 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204409/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/24497 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjya |first=Joy |date=13 March 2020 |title=Quiz on Indian films |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/hang/quiz-on-indian-films/article31058414.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922074319/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/hang/quiz-on-indian-films/article31058414.ece |archive-date=22 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; and revolves around two brothers who end up on opposite sides of the law. The film was released on 14 January 1971, and failed commercially.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{More plot|date=April 2024}}<br /> Brothers Rangan and Durai, grow up with a single mother taking care of them. Rangan wants Durai to become a police officer. He works hard allowing Durai only to study and not do any other work in the house or in the village. Life takes a cruel turn when Durai goes for training with Naganathan, the evil zamindar, turning Rangan into a dacoit and criminal. When Durai comes back, he falls in love with Kamala who is Naganathan's daughter to complicate matters. In the end, Naganathan is arrested while Rangan dies bringing him to justice.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Rangan<br /> *[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Thangam<br /> *[[R. Muthuraman]] as Durai<br /> *[[Rajasri]] as Kamala<br /> *[[Pandari Bai]] as Annapoorani<br /> *[[P. S. Veerappa]] as Naganathan<br /> *[[Major Sundarrajan]] as a police officer<br /> *[[V. S. Raghavan]] as a Jailer<br /> *[[V. Nagayya]] as the teacher<br /> *[[S. V. Ramadas]] as Madasamy<br /> *[[Nagesh]] as Ayyasamy/Mama<br /> *[[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]] as Ramasamy<br /> *[[A. Veerappan]] as Singaram<br /> *Seethalakshmi as Naganathan's elder sister}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iru Duruvam {{sic|nolink=y|(1970)}} |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0002132 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140606161107/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0002132 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |access-date=6 June 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Agaram Thamizhukku&quot; || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || 03:26<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Mullai Poo Pole&quot; || [[L. R. Eswari]] || 04:17<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Rathiri Nadanthathai&quot; || [[P. Susheela]] || 04:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Theru Paarkka Vanthirukkum&quot; || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]] || 05:33<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Thullivarum Sooraikkatru&quot; || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || 03:07<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Iru Thuruvam'' was released on 14 January 1971, and failed commercially.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 November 2019 |title=எம்ஜிஆர், சிவாஜி இரண்டாம் இடம்; ஆதிபராசக்திதான் முதலிடம் |language=ta |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/525353-mgr-sivaji.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032045/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/525353-mgr-sivaji.html |archive-date=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=1440207}}<br /> {{S. Ramanathan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1971 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about brothers]]<br /> [[Category:Films about outlaws]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhadrakali_(film)&diff=490623 2026-03-04T04:49:15Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1976 film by A. C. Tirulokchandar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Bhadrakali<br /> | image = Bhadrakali film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]<br /> | screenplay = A. C. Tirulokchandar&lt;br /&gt;[[Aaroor Dass]] (dialogues)<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''Bhadrakali''|[[Maharishi (writer)|Maharishi]]}}<br /> | producer = A. C. Tirulokchandar<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sivakumar]]|[[Rani Chandra]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Viswanath Rai<br /> | editing = B. Kandaswamy<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | studio = Cine Bharath<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1976|12|10}}<br /> | runtime = 139 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=427}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Bhadrakali''''' ({{Translation|Protector Kali}}) is a 1976 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[psychological drama]] film starring [[Sivakumar]] and [[Rani Chandra]]. Produced and directed by [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]], it is an adaptation of the 1976 novel of the same name written by [[Maharishi (writer)|Maharishi]]. The soundtrack and film score were composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the same name in 1977, in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Pichipoo]]'' in 1978 and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Baawri]]'' in 1982, by the same director.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981–1990 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |year=2020 |isbn=9788193848227 |pages=123}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Piousji |date=June 1982 |title=Khaas Baat |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20974/page/n515/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240409095752/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20974/page/n515/mode/2up |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=9 April 2024 |magazine=Sunday |page=57 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Gayathri, a docile [[Brahmin]] girl, is married to Ganesh, a conservative Brahmin. Gayathri suffers from a fear psychosis and gets frightened of even small things. They are a happy couple with an infant daughter Alamelu. Once Gayathri attends an interview and returns home dazed. From then on, her behaviour becomes abnormal and unpredictable, which affects her family life. Slowly, she loses her mental balance and people around her, including her child, husband and mother-in-law, are afraid to come anywhere near her. Nobody is able to comprehend the basis for her erratic behaviour and all efforts to get her treated fail. She accidentally kills her child, after which Ganesh's mother advises him to divorce her and remarry, and he relents. Gayathri is taken back to her parents’ home by her father. Ganesan marries Jayanthi, the daughter of advocate Ananthu, on the persuasion of his mother.<br /> <br /> Jayanthi learns about Ganesh's first marriage and subsequent divorce only after the wedding. Though Jayanthi is initially upset, she gets reconciled. The mentally imbalanced Gayathri keeps visiting Ganesh's house even after their divorce. One day, she barges into their bedroom and attacks Jayanthi when she is intimate with Ganesh. An upset Ganesh advises Gayathri's father to move her out of town and he complies. Jayanthi gives birth to Ganesh's daughter Rukmini. Gayathri's life takes a new turn in the new town. An unknown person attempts to kill her when she is alone; she fights him and gets injured in the process. As a result, she regains her memory and sanity, and recollects what happened to her.<br /> <br /> Gayathri reveals to her parents that what she went through and why she behaved in an unpredictable manner. On the day she was returning from the interview, she witnessed a person murdering a girl in an isolated bungalow. Since Gayathri was the only witness, the murderer chased her and attempted to kill her. In the process, she lost her mental balance out of fear. Her parents become happy with her return to normalcy. She understands the changed scenario of her life, including the death of her child and divorce, and reconciles to live alone. She takes up a job and refuses to collect further alimony from Ganesh.<br /> <br /> Rukmini is kidnapped by Kandappan, who previously worked as Jayanthi's driver and had fallen in love with her. Ananthu had implicated Kandappan in a false case and got him arrested to keep him away from Jayanthi. Exploiting Kandappan's absence, he got Jayanthi married to Ganesh. To take revenge, Kandappan has kidnapped Rukmini and demands that Jayanthi have sex with him for getting her child back. Jayanthi reaches his place and prays for her escape with the child. At the same time, Gayathri, who learns about the kidnapping from her mother-in-law, reaches the spot. She recognises Kandappan as the murderer. After becoming possessed by goddess [[Bhadrakali]], she fights Kandappan who ultimately dies after being impaled. Gayathri, who was also injured, succumbs in Ganesh's arms after having saved his daughter.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Sivakumar]] as Ganesh{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=272}}<br /> * [[Rani Chandra]] as Gayathri{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=427}}<br /> * [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Gayathri's father{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=272}}<br /> * Rajasekaran as Kandappan{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=273}}<br /> * [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Ananthu{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=272}}<br /> * [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Parameshwari<br /> * [[Bhavani (actress)|Bhavani]] as Jayanthi{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=427}}<br /> * [[Sukumari]] as Ganesh's mother&lt;ref name=&quot;hindutamil&quot; /&gt;<br /> * S. R. Sivakami as Gayathri's mother&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=12 November 2010 |title=Emotional recall |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2010/11/12/stories/2010111250120200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419030846/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2010/11/12/stories/2010111250120200.htm |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Tirulokchandar decided to produce and direct a film based on ''Bhadrakali'', a 1976 novel by [[Maharishi (writer)|Maharishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MM1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 September 2019 |title=Novelist Maharishi, famed for Bhuvana Oru Kelvi Kuri, no more |url=http://cms.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/sep/29/novelist-maharishi-famed-for-bhuvana-oru-kelvi-kuri-no-more-2040622.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914072621/http://cms.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/sep/29/novelist-maharishi-famed-for-bhuvana-oru-kelvi-kuri-no-more-2040622.html |archive-date=14 September 2020 |access-date=18 September 2020 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tirulokchandar produced the film under his home production company Cine Bharath and wrote the screenplay, while [[Aaroor Dass]] wrote the dialogues.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=427}}&lt;ref name=&quot;cinemaexpress&quot; /&gt; Tirulokchandar chose Sivakumar as the male lead and while looking for a new face to cast as the female lead, they chose Rani Chandra, a [[Malayali]] actress, and planned to introduce her to the Tamil audience under the name &quot;Gayathri&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM1&quot; /&gt; Prior to acting in this film, Rani Chandra had acted in about 60 films in Malayalam apart from ''Porchilai'' (1969) and ''[[Then Sindhudhe Vaanam]]'' (1975) in Tamil. ''Bhadrakali'' was considered her first major role in Tamil as she played minor roles in her earlier films in the language.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> During the final stages of filming, Rani Chandra along with her mother and sisters went to [[Dubai]] to take part in a cultural programme.&lt;ref name=&quot;cinemaexpress&quot; /&gt; When they were on a return from Bombay to Madras on 11 October 1976, their plane caught fire and crashed near the airport, killing all the passengers.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot; /&gt; By then, 60% of filming was complete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=18 June 2016 |title=A director who stood tall |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/A-director-who-stood-tall/article14429883.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619080951/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actors-share-memories-of-a-c-trilokchander/article8745794.ece |archive-date=19 June 2016 |access-date=18 September 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of Rani Chandra's death, a few unfinished portions of her were shot using a [[look-alike]],&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot; /&gt; named Pushpa, a group dancer. Apart from a few scenes involving the female lead, the climax portions were fully shot using Pushpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 April 2012 |title=ராணி சந்திரா இறந்ததால் 'பத்ரகாளி' படத்தை முடிப்பதில் ஏற்பட்ட நெருக்கடி: இறுதிக் காட்சியை திறமையாக படமாக்கினார், திருலோகசந்தர் |trans-title=Rani Chandra's demise created problems in completing the film ''Bhadrakali'': Tirulokachander brilliantly captured the climax |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/04/30190237/thirilogasandan-direct-pathira.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408001753/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/04/30190237/thirilogasandan-direct-pathira.html |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tirulokchandar was not fully convinced with the idea to shoot with a look-alike as Pushpa slightly resembled Rani. However, Viswanath Rai, the cinematographer encouraged him to go with the idea of look-alike and used different camera angles and long shots for scenes involving Pushpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot; /&gt; The character's voice was dubbed by Soundaram.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindutamil&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhadrakali |url=https://gaana.com/album/bhadrakali-tamil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227165737/http://gaana.com/album/bhadrakali-tamil |archive-date=27 February 2017 |access-date=18 September 2020 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Kannan Oru Kaikuzhandhai&quot; is set in [[Mohanam]] raga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2018 |title=இளையராஜா 75 |url=https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kondattam/2018/jun/17/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE-75-2940953.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230203055112/https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kondattam/2018/jun/17/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE-75-2940953.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Kettele&quot; was banned at [[All India Radio]] due to its alleged vulgar lyrics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rajamani |first=Rajesh |date=7 June 2020 |title=To Appreciate Ilaiyaraaja's Anti-Caste Politics, You Have To Listen To His Music |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/to-appreciate-ilaiyaraaja-s-anti-caste-politics-you-have-to-listen-to-his-music_in_5eda5614c5b6817661649db5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406072615/https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/to-appreciate-ilaiyaraaja-s-anti-caste-politics-you-have-to-listen-to-his-music_in_5eda5614c5b6817661649db5 |archive-date=6 April 2021 |access-date=20 September 2020 |work=[[HuffPost]] |location=India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Niyappa |first=Plum |date=30 January 2018 |title=Ilaiyaraaja Is Dalit; There's No Need To Shy Away From Stating It |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/ilaiyaraaja-is-dalit-theres-no-need-to-shy-away-from-stating-it/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411181443/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/ilaiyaraaja-is-dalit-theres-no-need-to-shy-away-from-stating-it/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Silverscreen India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was remixed by [[Dhina]] for ''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2009 |title=Hit song Vaangonna remixed for Guru Sishyan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/dec/10/hit-song-vaangonna-remixed-for-guru-sishyan-111833.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822134134/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/dec/10/hit-song-vaangonna-remixed-for-guru-sishyan-111833.html |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 August 2025 |title=இளையராஜா பாட்டுக்கு தடை போட்ட ஆல் இந்தியா ரேடியோ: அந்த பாடல்களை ரீமேக் செய்த சுந்தர்.சி: ரெண்டுமே ஹிட்டு தான்! |trans-title=All India Radio banned Ilaiyaraaja's songs: Sundar C remade those songs: Both were hits |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/all-india-radio-banned-2-ilayaraja-tamil-songs-update-in-tamil-9760361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828013538/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/all-india-radio-banned-2-ilayaraja-tamil-songs-update-in-tamil-9760361 |archive-date=28 August 2025 |access-date=28 August 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Anandha Bhairavi&quot; || Chorus || 03:50<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kannan Oru&quot; || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]] || 04:40<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kettele&quot; || P. Susheela || 04:40<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Odugindral&quot; || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || 03:21<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Oththa Rooba&quot; || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]] || 03:12<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Bhadrakali'' was released on 10 December 1976,&lt;ref name=&quot;hindutamil&quot; /&gt; received unanimous acclaim and became a box office success.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot; /&gt; Rani Chandra's portrayal as a Brahmin housewife was well received.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM1&quot; /&gt; ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said, &quot;It is a daring effort to bring out the script of a Tamil writer in a high quality film format. Dialogues by [Aaroor] Das have depth and the film deserves our appreciation!&quot;{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=273}} Kanthan of ''Kalki'' praised the performances of cast and also praised the makers for adapting the source material well on the screen, called Aaroor Das's dialogues as short and sweet and concluded by calling it as a different kind of film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=2 January 1977 |title=பத்ரகாளி |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1977/jan/02-01-1977/p62.jpg |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728101215/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1977/jan/02-01-1977/p62.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=4 March 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=62 |language=Ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;hindutamil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 April 2021 |title=திரைப்படச்சோலை 26: 'பத்ரகாளி' ராணி சந்திரா |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/663733-thiraipada-solai-26.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508235622/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/663733-thiraipada-solai-26.html |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;MM1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 February 2012 |title='பத்ரகாளி' படத்தின் கதாநாயகி நடிகை ராணி சந்திரா விமான விபத்தில் மரணம் |trans-title=''Bhadrakali'' fame Rani Chandra died in a plane crash |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/02/17200935/pathrakali-film-actress-dead-p.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408000247/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/02/17200935/pathrakali-film-actress-dead-p.html |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Sashi |date=9 September 2003 |title=Their SHOT at fame |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/09/stories/2003090900170400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629110936/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/09/stories/2003090900170400.htm |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=19 April 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=25 March 2011 |title=Moorings and musings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Moorings-and-musings/article14959853.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127113934/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/moorings-and-musings/article1567568.ece |archive-date=27 November 2014 |access-date=18 September 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;cinemaexpress&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர் பார்முலா இல்லாத எம்.ஜி.ஆர் படம் எடுத்தேன்! – இயக்குநர் ஏ.சி. திருலோகசந்தர் |trans-title=I made an MGR film without his usual formula&amp;nbsp;– Director A. C. Tirulokachander |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/cinemaexpress/story.aspx?Title=%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4+%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D!+-+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%8F.%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF.+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D&amp;artid=109661&amp;SectionID=128&amp;MainSectionID=128&amp;SectionName=News&amp;SEO= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235526/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/cinemaexpress/story.aspx?Title=%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4+%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D!+-+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%8F.%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF.+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D&amp;artid=109661&amp;SectionID=128&amp;MainSectionID=128&amp;SectionName=News&amp;SEO= |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=6 April 2014 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1931–1976 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{A. C. Tirulokchandar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1976 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1970s psychological drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1976 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1976 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about mental disorders]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by A. C. Thirulokachandar]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indrajith_(2007_film)&diff=504432 2026-03-03T21:33:32Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new basic data nd citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name =Indrajith<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director =KK Haridas<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = Rajesh Jayaraman<br /> | screenplay =<br /> | starring = [[Kalabhavan Mani]]<br /> | music = S. Jayan<br /> | cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]<br /> | editing = G. Murali<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2007|09|07|df=yes}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Indrajith''''' is a [[Malayalam films of 2007|2007]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] [[action film]], directed by KK Haridas, starring [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Riyaz Khan]] and [[Indraja]] in the lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220511080801/https://www.indiaglitz.com/indrajith-review-malayalam-movie-9433 Movie review] indiaglitz.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/indrajith-preview-malayalam-movie-9433 | title=Indrajith Malayalam Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/still-to-come-black-cat-and-indrajith-malayalam-news-33339 | title=Still to come – Black Cat and Indrajith – Malayalam News | date=September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://movies.bizhat.com/news/mohanlal_vs_mohanlal.php|title= Mohanlal v/s Mohanlal|website=movies.bizhat.com|accessdate=28 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as changoottam Babu<br /> *Divya Viswanath as Lakshmi<br /> * [[Riyaz Khan]] as Rajendran<br /> * [[Rajan P Dev]] as Chemparunthu Bhaskaran<br /> * [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Panchayath President Madhavan Maashu<br /> * [[Indraja]] as Shahina<br /> * [[Shalu Menon]] as Suma<br /> * [[Cochin Haneefa]] as [[Inspector|CI]] Udumbu Rudrakshan Pillai<br /> * [[Anil Murali]] as Hamsa<br /> * Tosh Christy as Vinayan<br /> * [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Jamal<br /> * Bineesh Kodiyeri as Josephkutty<br /> * Adam Ayoob as Raghavan<br /> * [[Saiju Kurup]] as Saheer Musthafa, Shahina's brother<br /> * [[Baburaj]] as Hameed<br /> * [[Ambika Mohan]] as Suhara, Shahina's and Saheer's mother<br /> * [[Kanakalatha]] as Susheela<br /> * Priyanka Anoop as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Vishalayam<br /> * Mini Arun<br /> * Sudheer Sukumaran as Achankunju<br /> * [[P. Sreekumar]] as Vasudevan<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The film's soundtrack contains 3 songs, all composed by [[S. Jayan]] and Lyrics by [[Rajiv Alunkal]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;<br /> ! # !! Title !! Singer(s)<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | &quot;Kaanthaari Mulakaanu Nee&quot;<br /> | [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Rimi Tomy]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | &quot;Mayilanji Monchulla&quot;<br /> | [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | &quot;Pon Vasantham&quot;<br /> | [[Anjana (singer)|Anjana]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|1334457}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2007 films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language action films]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2008 Indian films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winner_(2017_film)&diff=545802 2026-03-03T17:57:47Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new new stub basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{pp|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Winner<br /> | image = Winner firstlook.jpg<br /> | caption = Movie Poster<br /> | story = Veligonda Srinivas<br /> | screenplay = Gopichand Malineni<br /> | producer = [[Nallamalupu Bujji]]&lt;br&gt;'Tagore' B. Madhu<br /> | director = [[Gopichand Malineni]]<br /> | starring = [[Sai Dharam Tej]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rakul Preet Singh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jagapati Babu]]<br /> | music = [[S. Thaman]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Chota K. Naidu]]<br /> | editing = [[Gautham Raju]]<br /> | studio = [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions]]&lt;br&gt;Leo Productions<br /> | narrator = [[Rana Daggubati]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|2|24}}<br /> | runtime = 150 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = ₹25 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Winner Final Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=2037&amp;cid=6&amp;fid=4596 |website=andhraboxoffice |language=en |date=14 March 2017 |access-date=24 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Winner''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] jointly produced by [[Nallamalupu Bujji]], Tagore Madhu on [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions]] and Leo Productions banner and directed by [[Gopichand Malineni]]. Starring [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Jagapati Babu]] and music composed by [[S. Thaman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-of-Sai-Dharam-Tejs-next-released/articleshow/54866107.cms |title=Winner (Sai Dharam Tej's New Film) |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 October 2016 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423150755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-of-Sai-Dharam-Tejs-next-released/articleshow/54866107.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Production began in March 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sai-dharam-tej-gopichand-malineni-film-kicks-off-news-telugu-qdbj1ciaeecdj.html |title=Sai Dharam Tej - Gopichand Malineni film kicks off |access-date=30 August 2016 |archive-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823104928/https://www.sify.com/movies/sai-dharam-tej-gopichand-malineni-film-kicks-off-news-telugu-qdbj1ciaeecdj.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[principal photography]] commenced in August 2016 in [[Hyderabad]], other shooting locations included [[Kyiv]], [[Lviv]], [[Istanbul]], [[Ooty]] and [[Bangalore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-and-Sai-Dharam-Tej-start-shooting-for-next/articleshow/53896065.cms|title=Rakul and Sai Dharam Tej start shooting for next|date=16 January 2017|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423154929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-and-Sai-Dharam-Tej-start-shooting-for-next/articleshow/53896065.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.eoiukraine.gov.in/cultural.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228222529/https://www.eoiukraine.gov.in/cultural.php |date=28 December 2021 }} Cultural&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/021216/baahubali-action-choreographer-for-winner.html|title=Baahubali action choreographer for Winner|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=2 December 2016|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104005409/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/021216/baahubali-action-choreographer-for-winner.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released worldwide on 24 February 2017.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Dharmendra Reddy is a [[business magnate]], whose only son, Mahendra Reddy, is one of the best jockey in the country, who leaves the house after marrying his love interest Lakshmi against Dharmendra's wishes. Mahendra leads a happy life, after some time Lakshmi dies giving birth to a baby boy Siddharth Reddy / Siddu, from that time Mahendra was everything to him both of are bound in a doting love bondage. After his son left the house Dharmendra Reddy's business comes almost to zero level, so he has no other choice except to get back his son. After that he decides to separate Siddu from his father, therefore he constructs a barrier between them and separates them by a meticulous plan of making remarriage to his son with his friend's daughter and makes Siddu forcibly to run away from home.<br /> <br /> Siddu grows up to be a father-hater, and works as a creative head of a newspaper and also has a grudge on races and horses. On another hand, for several years Mahendra relentless tries to find Siddu. Siddu falls in love with Sitara, but learns that her goal to become a successful athlete to win National Championship in running race that's why she under the training by bluffing to her parents that she is studying. While he tries to impress her she shows aversion towards him. Due to this, a drunk Siddhu meddles with her life by revealing her secret to her father Rajeev Reddy. So he immediately settles her marriage with a ''Best Jockey''. Siddu also reaches to the marriage where Sitara comes up with a plan to escape the marriage that she is loving Siddu and introduces him as a number one jockey. <br /> <br /> Sithara wants to conduct a race between them and she will marry the person will win it. In between the quarrel, Mahendra Reddy arrives and shocking says the jockey as his separated son Siddharth Reddy and accepts the challenge. Siddu is confused with this incident, where he kidnaps Dharmendra Reddy's [[Personal Assistant|PA]] and Siddu is flabbergasted, realizing that the person is Aadhi, an assassin and jockey, who impersonates and settles with his family on the orders of Dharmendra Reddy to stop unnecessary expenditure in the search of the separated son. Siddu decides to take up the challenge by becoming a professional jockey. Siddu manages to gain Sitara love by helping her to participate and win the National Championship. Siddhu also wins the race and reunites with his father (who has learnt the truth from Dharmendra Reddy's PA), and thrashes Aadhi. Dharmendra Reddy realizes his mistake and reunites with Siddu and Mahendra, thus becoming a ''Winner'' in challenge and life.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Sai Dharam Tej]] as Siddharth Reddy <br /> * [[Rakul Preet Singh]] as Sitara<br /> * [[Jagapati Babu]] as Mahendra Reddy<br /> * [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as Aadhi (Duplicate Siddharth Reddy)<br /> * [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Dharmendra Reddy<br /> * [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Rich kid <br /> * [[Priyadarshi Pullikonda]]<br /> * [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Horseman Babu / Peter Hens<br /> * [[Vennela Kishore]] as Padma<br /> * [[Pruthviraj Balireddy|Pruthviraj]] as Singham Sujatha<br /> * [[Raghu Babu]] as Dharmendra Reddy's P.A.<br /> * [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Rajeev Reddy, Sitara's father<br /> * [[Raghu Karumanchi]]<br /> * Mukhtar Khan as K.R.<br /> * [[Chatrapathi Sekhar|Shekar]] <br /> * Rakesh Varre<br /> * [[Apoorva Srinivasan]] as Lakshmi<br /> * [[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]<br /> * [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi|Sivanarayana]]<br /> * [[Bithiri Sathi]] as himself<br /> * Ranam Venu as Constable<br /> * [[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Constable<br /> * [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] as Lakshmi (Mahendra Reddy's first wife)<br /> * [[Sonia Agarwal]] as Mahendra Reddy's wife<br /> * [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|Priya]] as Rajeev Reddy's wife and Sitara's mother<br /> * [[Hari Teja]] as Hariteja<br /> * [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] as Anasuya ([[item song|special appearance]] in a song)<br /> * Mouryani as Lakshmi (Mahendra Reddy's daughter)<br /> * Master Charith as Young Siddu<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Winner<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[S. Thaman]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2017<br /> | recorded = 2017<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 22:18<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = [[S. Thaman]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]<br /> | prev_year = 2016<br /> | next_title = [[Shivalinga (2017 film)|Shivalinga]]<br /> | next_year = 2017<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music composed by [[S. Thaman]]. Music released on ADITYA Music Company.<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed =<br /> | headline = Track-List<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 22:18<br /> | title1 = Sitara<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Ananta Sriram]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Yazin Nizar]], Sanjana<br /> | length1 = 4:39<br /> | title2 = Pichonne Ayipoya<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Sri Mani]]<br /> | extra2 = Deepak, Christopher Stanley, Sai Charan<br /> | length2 = 4:50<br /> | title3 = Suyaa Suyaa<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], [[Suma Kanakala]]<br /> | length3 = 4:03<br /> | title4 = Naa B C Centerlu<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]<br /> | extra4 = [[Nakash Aziz]], Sharmila, Anthara<br /> | length4 = 4:16<br /> | title5 = Bhajarangabali<br /> | lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br /> | extra5 = M. L. R. Karthikeyan, Naveen Madhav, SriKrishna, Aditya Iyengar, Sarath Santhosh, Hymath, Arun<br /> | length5 = 4:46<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|6568474}}<br /> {{Gopichand Malineni}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2017 films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 masala films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Gopichand Malineni]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Ukraine]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kyiv]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Lviv]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Turkey]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Istanbul]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sutta_Kadhai&diff=538776 2026-03-03T03:28:57Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new new page needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Subu}}<br /> {{No plot|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Sutta kadhai.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Subu<br /> | producer = Ravindar Chandrasekaran<br /> | writer = Subu<br /> | starring = [[Balaji Venugopal]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Venkatesh Harinathan]]&lt;br /&gt;Dongli Jumbo&lt;br /&gt;[[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[M. S. Bhaskar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lakshmi Ramakrishnan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]<br /> | music = Madley Blues<br /> | cinematography = [[Nizar Shafi]]<br /> | editing = [[Sathish Suriya]]<br /> | studio = Libra Productions<br /> | distributor = [[Vendhar Movies]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|10|25}}<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | country = India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sutta Kadhai''''' ({{translation|Stolen Story}})&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil Audience Await Release Of Sutta Kadhai |url=https://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/photos/tamil-audience-await-release-sutta-photo-053000160.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313041522/https://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/photos/tamil-audience-await-release-sutta-photo-053000160.html |archive-date=13 March 2016 |access-date=5 January 2017 |website=Yahoo Lifestyle India}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[black comedy]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Subu in his directorial debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Sutta Kadhai' launched |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867720_1_libra-productions-film-features-debutant-director-subbu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001003349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-17/news-interviews/35867720_1_libra-productions-film-features-debutant-director-subbu |archive-date=1 October 2013 |access-date=17 December 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2012-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film features an ensemble cast including [[Balaji Venugopal]], [[Venkatesh Harinathan]], Dongli Jumbo, [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Lakshmi Ramakrishnan]], and [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]. The plot revolves around two police [[constable]]s who try to solve a murder case in a village.<br /> <br /> Ravindar Chandrasekaran of Libra Productions produced the film, while cinematography was handled by Nizar. Sathish took charge of choreography, while Suriya was the editor. The music was composed by Harish Harz and Prashanth, better known by their stage name Madley Blues. Principal photography took place in and around Kodaikanal. The film released on 25 October 2013.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Balaji Venugopal]] as Ramki<br /> * [[Venkatesh Harinathan]] as Sangilimaaran<br /> * Dongli Jumbo as Singamuthu<br /> * [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] as Silandhi<br /> * [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Thirumeni<br /> * [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Ottagam<br /> * [[Lakshmi Ramakrishnan]]<br /> * [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]<br /> * [[R. S. Shivaji]]<br /> * Rinson Simon<br /> * Jayamani<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> &lt;!--Pls expand with info from here http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/many-tales-to-tell/article5251334.ece --&gt;<br /> Subu, who had earlier served as a lyricist for the movie ''[[Aarohanam (2012 film)|Aarohanam]]'', completed the first schedule in [[Kodaikanal]] in March 2013. Two of the actors, [[Venkatesh Harinathan|Venkatesh]] and [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli|Lakshmi Priyaa]], have worked with [[Chennai]]-based theatre groups, Stray Factory and Evam respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monkeying Around |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article1535038.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417041128/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article1535038.ece |archive-date=17 April 2013 |access-date=8 April 2013 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=8 April 2013|last=Venkatraman|first=Janane}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 March 2013 |title=Sutta Kadhai completes Kodaikanal schedule! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sutta-Kadhai-completes-Kodaikanal-schedule/articleshow/19085924.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019161547/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-20/news-interviews/37870865_1_first-schedule-libra-productions-venky |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=20 March 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Audio Beat: Sutta Kadhai - Cops raise laughs |url=http://m.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-sutta-kadhai-cops-raise-laughs/article4888490.ece/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130708123549/http://m.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-sutta-kadhai-cops-raise-laughs/article4888490.ece/ |archive-date=8 July 2013 |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]|date=July 6, 2013|last=Kumar|first=S. R. Ashok}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lakshmi Priyaa, who plays the role of a tribal girl in Sutta Kadhai, liked the script because the storyline of the dark comedy was different.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bold and Beautiful |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bold-and-beautiful/article4564323.ece |access-date=30 March 2013 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=March 30, 2013 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413085247/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bold-and-beautiful/article4564323.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Subu, Sutta Kadhai will be a different creation because of the milieu of the story. &quot;Even as the rip-roaring instances happen, the underlying factors are spine-chilling. It is all about a murder and the ensuing enquiry. The story takes place at night, and we shot the film extensively in Kodaikanal. One night while shooting, we were confronted by a herd of wild buffaloes, which added to the thrill,&quot; says Subu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shot Cuts: Murder mystery |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shot-cuts-murder-mystery/article4522030.ece |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=March 18, 2013 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320183147/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shot-cuts-murder-mystery/article4522030.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by Madley Blues, a band consisting of Harish Venkat and Prashanth Techno. The audio launch was held on 1 June at the [[Victoria Hall (Geneva)|Victoria Hall]] in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] along with the audios of ''[[Nalanum Nandhiniyum]]'' and ''[[Thillu Mullu (2013 film)|Thillu Mullu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-01 |title=3 audio launches and a success meet in Switzerland today! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/3-audio-launches-and-a-success-meet-in-switzerland-today-news-tamil-ngblMjiiebg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616142127/http://www.sify.com/movies/3-audio-launches-and-a-success-meet-in-switzerland-today-news-tamil-ngblMjiiebg.html |archive-date=2013-06-16 |access-date=2013-06-19 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * &quot;Anbe Aaruyire&quot; — Harish Venkat<br /> * &quot;Ding Dong Kuthu Song&quot; — [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Solar Sai<br /> * &quot;Kaattukulla Kannamoochi&quot; — [[Vijay Prakash]], Harish Venkat, Harshitha<br /> * &quot;Twist on top&quot; — Harish Venkat, Venky, Subu<br /> * &quot;Unnai Naanum&quot; — Harish Venkat<br /> * &quot;Yele Yele&quot; — [[M. S. Viswanathan]], Harish Venkat<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Puthuyugam TV|Puthuyugam]], and the film had its television premiere on 3 November 2013 one week after its theatrical release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 November 2013 |title=Early TV premieres, the current trend in Kollywood |url=http://cinemalead.com/news-id-early-tv-premieres-the-current-trend-in-kollywood-sutta-kadhai-01-11-133757.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821171624/http://cinemalead.com/news-id-early-tv-premieres-the-current-trend-in-kollywood-sutta-kadhai-01-11-133757.htm |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-21 |website=Cinemalead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Critical reception ==<br /> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote &quot;Subu has a superb eye for the absurd. The film is filled with borderline-surreal non sequiturs, some of which are downright [[Monty Python]]esque. The problem is that the director feels compelled to connect these bits through a “story,” and the plot, even at an hour and 45 minutes, is a major drag&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sutta Kadhai: The surreal deal|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/sutta-kadhai-the-surreal-deal/article5275641.ece|access-date=29 August 2017|website=[[The Hindu]]|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|date=October 26, 2013|archive-date=5 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705042210/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/sutta-kadhai-the-surreal-deal/article5275641.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' said the film &quot;falls flat, mainly due to its presentation&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sutta Kadhai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sutta-kadhai-review-tamil-15041932.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029180855/http://www.sify.com/movies/sutta-kadhai-review-tamil-15041932.html |archive-date=2013-10-29 |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pooja_Motwani&diff=525911 2026-03-02T00:43:11Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating New Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Fashion Designer}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Pooja Motwani<br /> | image = Pooja Motwani.jpg<br /> | occupation = Fashion Designer<br /> | organization = My Rajasthan Concept<br /> | awards = Golden Achievers Award<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pooja Motwani''' is an Indian fashion designer from [[Delhi]] known for [[Ajrak]] organic wear kaftans and [[Indo-Western clothing]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-04-05 |title=The rise of a serial entrepreneur |work=[[New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2021/apr/05/the-rise-of-a-serial-entrepreneur-2285808.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The rise of a serial entrepreneur |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2021/apr/05/the-rise-of-a-serial-entrepreneur-2285808.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> In July 2013, she launched her wedding collection store&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fashion Designer Pooja Motwani Store Launch- Boldsky |url=https://www.boldsky.com/photos/fashion/fashion-designer-pooja-motwani-store-launch/fashion-designer-pooja-motwanis-store-launch-40027.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Boldsky}}&lt;/ref&gt; named 'JAS' in [[Delhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aamer Zakir with rapper Maddy during the launch of Pooja Motwani's JAS wedding collection, held in Delhi, on July 14, 2013. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/fashion/designers/pooja-motwani-wedding-collection-launch/articleshow/21142048.cms |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Gitanshi |date=2013-08-09 |title=Come the season |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fashion/come-the-season/article5007040.ece |access-date=2022-06-23 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motwani is involved in many events, including My Rajasthan Festival, My Rajasthan Concept, and the Empowering Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Purna |date=2020-10-07 |title=Hon'ble Speaker Shri Ram Niwas Goel supports warriors at virtual Covid Soldier Awards |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/honble-speaker-shri-ram-niwas-goel-supports-warriors-at-virtual-covid-soldier-awards-650033 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pooja Motwani with Raahat Aid Foundation presents 'Empowering Women Award 2021' |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/pooja-motwani-with-raahat-aid-foundation-presents-empowering-women-award-202120210313182628/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ANI News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Achievements==<br /> Motwani has received both the Golden Achievers Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-23 |title=Fashion Designer Ms Pooja Motwani wins Golden Achievers Award |url=https://news.growthbeats.in/fashion-designer-ms-pooja-motwani-wins-golden-achievers-award |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=GrowthBeats |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; from the Mann Still Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Padiyar |first=Pooja |date=Sep 25, 2021 |title=Fashion Designer Pooja Motwani honoured with Golden Achievers Award |url=https://www.sangritoday.com/fashion-designer-pooja-motwani-honoured-with-golden-achievers-award |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Sangri Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Sewa Puraskar Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2019-12-29 |title=Honoured to serve |url=https://epaper.morningstandard.in/m5/2484924/The-Morning-Standard/29-12-2019#sample/4/1 |journal=Morning Standard |pages=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a poll from 2019, Motwani voted Mr. [[Narendra Modi]] as her favorite dressed politician.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Politicians and fashion: Designers vote for Narendra Modi |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/politicians-and-fashion-designers-vote-for-narendra-modi-20948/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Manish Arora]]<br /> * [[Ritu Beri]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Motwani, Pooja}}<br /> [[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian fashion designers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> {{Fashion-designer-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._P._Nagaimaali&diff=543100 2026-02-26T13:38:10Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new some biography added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = V. P. Nagaimaali<br /> | image =<br /> | office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 12 May 2021<br /> | term_end = <br /> | constituency = [[Kilvelur Assembly constituency|Kilvelur]]<br /> | party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> | predecessor = [[U. Mathivanan]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | successor1 = [[U. Mathivanan]]<br /> | term1 = 23 May 2011 — 21 May 2016<br /> | predecessor1 = ''constituency established''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''V. P. Nagaimaali''' is an Indian politician and incumbent Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kilvelur (State Assembly Constituency)|Kilvelur constituency]]. He represents the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=List of MLAs from Tamil Nadu 2011|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/member_list.pdf|publisher=Govt. of Tamil Nadu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055850/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC164.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC164.pdf|access-date= 29 Apr 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kilvelur Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a164|access-date= 29 Apr 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Electoral performance ==<br /> {{transcluded section|source=Kilvelur Assembly constituency}}<br /> {{trim|{{#section-h:Kilvelur Assembly constituency|2021}}}}<br /> {{trim|{{#section-h:Kilvelur Assembly constituency|2016}}}}<br /> {{trim|{{#section-h:Kilvelur Assembly constituency|2011}}}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nagaimaali, V. P.}}<br /> [[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2011–2016]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajauli_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=528480 2026-02-24T03:34:32Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating A Info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Protected area in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox protected area<br /> | name = Rajauli Wildlife Sanctuary<br /> | iucn_category = iv<br /> | map = India Bihar#India<br /> | map_caption = Location in Map of [[Bihar]]<br /> | relief = 1<br /> | mapframe = Yes<br /> | image = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | location = [[Nawada district]], [[Bihar]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24|37|00|N|85|33|24|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | area_km2 = 27.27<br /> | established = 2019<br /> | governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]<br /> | nearest_city = <br /> | elevation =<br /> }}<br /> '''Rajauli Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[protected area]] in [[Nawada district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. Established in 2019, it is spread across an area of {{cvt|27.27|km2}}.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Rajauli [[wildlife sanctuary]] is located in [[Nawada district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FPBRROAD407002019_Conservation_value_Protected_area_07092022155414437959_28495D27.pdf|title=Conservation value of Rajauli Wildlife Sanctuary|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/content/dam/bihar-tourism/destination-maps/wild-life-and-bird-sanctuaries-of-bihar/WLS%20-%20BDS%20Map.pdf|title=Wildlife and bird sanctuaries of Bihar|work=[[Government of Bihar]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Established in 2010, it is spread across an area of {{cvt|27.27|km2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENVIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/wls_8230.aspx|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025|archive-date=25 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625060917/https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/wls_8230.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was part of the larger [[Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary]] before the bifurication of the state of [[Jharkhand]] from [[Bihar]]. It is now contiguous with the [[Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary]] located across the Bihar-Jharkhand border.&lt;ref name=&quot;Report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/DownloadPdfFile.aspx?FileName=0_0_23_Mar_2021_162819133_recomm_Part-II.pdf&amp;FilePath=../writereaddata/|title=Recommendation of road for forest clearance|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Flora and fauna ==<br /> The fauna found in the sanctuary include [[mammals]] such as [[chital]], [[sambar deer|sambar]], [[sloth bear]], other [[birds]], and [[reptiles]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Report&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Environment and Ecology|volume=39|issue=1|pages=1–9|date=January–March 2021|issn=0970-0420|title=Feeding Ecology of Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) in Nawada Forest Division (Bihar) by Scats Analysis|author1=G. Kumar|author2=D. K. Paul}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Bihar}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 2019]]<br /> [[Category:2019 establishments in India]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_Higher_Secondary_School_Kurunikulathupatti&diff=467990 2026-02-22T00:31:57Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: minor updated details for consistency for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = Government Higher Secondary School Kurunikulathupatti<br /> | logo =<br /> | address = Kurunikulathupatti, Tamil Nadu, India<br /> | city = [[Kurunikulathupatti]]<br /> | zipcode = 621301<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10.725810567|N|78.17209602|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | district = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | ceeb = <br /> | principal = <br /> | faculty = <br /> | ratio = <br /> | type = [[Government school|Public]]<br /> | campus = <br /> | campus_size = <br /> | campus_type = Rural<br /> | motto = <br /> | mascot = <br /> | colors = <br /> | established = {{start date and age|1975|p=1}}<br /> | enrollment = 650 (2015)<br /> | website = <br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Government Higher Secondary School Kurunikulathupatti''' is a [[government school]] in Kurunikulathupatti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=GHSS, KURUNIKULATHUPATTY - Devarmalai, District Karur (Tamil Nadu) |url=https://schools.org.in/karur/33140600305/ghss-kurunikulathupatty.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=23 January 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located near [[Palayam, Kanyakumari|Palayam]]. The school enrolled 650 [[student]]s in 2015, and employed 32 [[teacher]]s. The school has a pakka building, [[playground]], [[library]], [[medical facilities]], and lab facilities ([[computer lab]], [[chemistry lab]], [[physics]] lab, and [[biology]] lab).<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> <br /> {{TamilNadu-school-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Nepalis&diff=458018 2026-02-21T05:12:50Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian diaspora in Nepal}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox ethnic group<br /> | group = Indian Nepali&lt;br&gt;भारतीय नेपाली<br /> | image = <br /> | population = <br /> | regions = [[terai|Terai region]], [[Kathmandu]], [[Biratnagar]], [[Birganj]], [[Jhapa]], [[Mahakali (disambiguation)#Places|Mahakali]], [[Butwal]], [[Chitwan]]<br /> | langs = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Bengali language|Bangla]], [[Languages of Nepal|Various Nepalese languages]]<br /> | rels = {{hlist|[[Hinduism]]| [[Buddhism]]| [[Islam]]| [[Jainism in Nepal|Jainism]]}}<br /> | related = {{hlist|[[Burmese Indians]]| [[Indians in China]]}}<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> }}<br /> '''Indian Nepali''', '''Indian Nepali''' or '''Indo Nepalese,''' are people of Indian origin who migrated from [[India]] to [[Nepal]], predominantly since [[British India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Neha Tamang |last2=Prabhakaran |first2=Dr S. |date=2023-03-10 |title=Tracing The Origin Of Indian Gorkhas In Darjeeling And The Problem Of Their Identity Crisis |url=https://namibian-studies.com/index.php/JNS/article/view/5871 |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture |language=en |volume=33 |pages=722–741 |doi=10.59670/8m02ke21 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=2197-5523}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=Nepali Migrant Workers in India: A Rite of Passage to Adulthood - CSEP |url=https://csep.org/blog/nepali-migrant-workers-in-india-a-rite-of-passage-to-adulthood/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The [[Marwari people|Marwari]] people have lived in Nepal for several hundred years. They came to Nepal from [[Rajasthan]] as traders and flourished in Nepal where there was very little trade activity then. Now the Marwaris control majority of top businesses of Nepal. There are also a few [[Punjabis]] and [[Bengalis]] in major cities of Nepal. Many Muslims have also emigrated from India to Nepal. A majority of them are involved in low profile works like rickshaw pullers, cobblers, tailors, scavengers etc, while some run small businesses. {{CN|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> In 2001, it was estimated that around 4 million Indians had married [[Madhesi people|Madhesi Nepalis]] over the previous 35 to 40 years while an estimated 400,000 migrated from India to Nepal, mostly for work.&lt;ref name=&quot;icimod&quot;&gt;https://lib.icimod.org/api/files/4003b203-c144-4cf9-9bed-48a5ad2c09ff/1139.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjex42z1Y_qAhUyheYKHaRWAKkQFjAHegQIDhAK&amp;usg=AOvVaw3lkum5JJrLIm07yZWQymLG {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TheHindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015044439/http://hindu.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2012|title=Where big can be bothersome|date=7 January 2001|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Madheshi people]]<br /> * [[Indo-Nepalese relations]]<br /> * [[Nepali Indian]]<br /> * [[1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Immigration to Nepal}}<br /> {{Indian diaspora}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal|Indian]]<br /> [[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:Nepalese people of Indian descent|*]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-stub}}<br /> {{Nepal-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chimani_Pakhar&diff=494179 2026-02-19T06:49:05Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Chimani Pakhar<br /> | image = Chimani Pakhar.jpeg<br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Mahesh Kothare]]<br /> | producer = Matchindra Chate<br /> | writer = '''Story:'''&lt;br&gt;[[Dennis Joseph]]&lt;br&gt;'''Dialogue:'''&lt;br&gt;Shivraj Gorle<br /> | starring = [[Padmini Kolhapure]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sachin Khedekar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bal Dhuri]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nagesh Bhonsle]]<br /> | music = Achyut Thakur<br /> | cinematography = [[Sameer Athalye]]<br /> | studio = Deoyani Movies<br /> | editing = Sanjay Dabake<br /> | distributor = Jenma Films International<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|09|28}}<br /> | runtime = 137 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | gross = {{INR|1.15 crore}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=KOTHARE |first=MAHESH |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9f2lEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=damn+it+ani+barach+kahi+reviews&amp;pg=PT199 |title=DAMN IT ANI BARACH KAHI |date=2023-01-01 |publisher=Mehta Publishing House Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-959709-6-4 |location=Mumbai |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Chimani Pakhar''''' ({{Translation|Sparrow &amp; Birds}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|Family drama]] film directed by [[Mahesh Kothare]] and produced by Matchindra Chate featuring [[Padmini Kolhapure]], [[Sachin Khedekar]], [[Nagesh Bhonsle]], [[Bal Dhuri]], Meghana Chate, Nihar Shembekar, Avinash Chate in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |title='चिमणी पाखरं'मधील नंदिनी-शेखरची मोठी मुलगी आठवतेय ?,अभिनयापासूनही दूर जात करते हे काम |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/child-actress-chimanee-pakhre-elder-daughter-nandini-shekhar-movie-how-she-looks-know-what-she-does-a591/ |access-date= |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Music is composed by Achyut Thakur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Chimani Pakhar - Marathi Movie - Padmini Kolhapure, Sachin K, Jayshree Gadkar, Laxmikant B, Priya A |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlT17lAgJhM |access-date=2023-12-27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film is an adaptation of 1993 [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film ''[[Akashadoothu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch Chimani Pakhar Full HD Movie Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/chimani-pakhar/0-0-chimanipakhar |access-date= |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Chimanee Pakhre Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website= [[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chimanee-pakhre/box-office/ |access-date= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was the first film to introduce [[Dolby Digital]] sound to Marathi cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Srinivas |first=Dr Manjula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77fvEAAAQBAJ&amp;q=dhadakebaaz |title=Undergraduate Research in Mass Media UgRIMM 2021 |date=2022-04-21 |publisher=Shineeks Publishers |isbn=978-1-63278-934-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Nandini ([[Padmini Kolhapure]]) and Shekhar ([[Sachin Khedekar]]), who grew up in an orphanage, got married, and had four kids: Anju, Vijay, Ajay, and Soni. Vijay and Ajay are twins, but Vijay has trouble moving around. Shekhar drives a jeep, and Annie teaches violin. Despite some money problems, they're a happy family, except when Shekhar spends too much money at the local &quot;toddy shop&quot; because he sometimes drinks too much.<br /> <br /> A local toddy vendor Patangrao Kurhade ([[Nagesh Bhonsle]]) had an eye on Nandini. One day, he went to her house and tried to rape her. Shekhar came to know about that and has a fight with Patangrao, and things take a bad turn. Patangrao decides to get back at Shekhar. When he sees Ajay riding his bicycle, he hits him with his van. Ajay is hurt, and they find out he needs a blood transfusion. But there's a problem - Nandini can't donate her blood because she's sick. The doctors tell them Nandini has late-stage [[leukemia]] and only has a few months to live. This is a shock for the family.<br /> <br /> Shekhar tries to change his ways, but one day, during a fight with Patangrao, he gets killed. Nandini is devastated, but she decides to be strong for her family. She worries about what will happen to her kids after she's gone. She doesn't want them to end up in an orphanage like she and Shekhar did, labeled as orphans. So, she makes a tough decision - she will give her children up for adoption.<br /> <br /> Nandini, with the help of the school principal, Bapusaheb ([[Bal Dhuri]]), arranges for her kids to be adopted. Sonu goes to a doctor's family, Dr. Karnik ([[Tushar Dalvi]]) &amp; Mrs. Karnik ([[Resham Tipnis]]). Nandini hopes that Ajay and Vijay can stay together, but it's hard to find a family willing to take care of a disabled child like Vijay. Eventually, Nandini decides to give Ajay to a rich couple that is Mr. Pendse ([[Laxmikant Berde]]) and Mrs. Pendse ([[Priya Berde]]).<br /> <br /> Anju, the teenage daughter, decides to stay with her mom, but Nandini and Bapusaheb convince her it's for the best. She goes to live with an old rich couple, Mr. Chaudhari ([[Ramesh Deo]]) and Mrs. Chaudhari ([[Jayshree Gadkar]]). Now, only Vijay is left without a family. Nandini and Bapusaheb struggle to find someone to take care of him.<br /> <br /> As Nandini's health gets worse, she plans a special Diwali celebration at home. She writes a letter to Anju, asking her to always keep in touch with her brothers. On Diwali morning, Nandini dreams that all her children have come to see her, but it's just a dream. She prays for one more day to live so she can see her kids for the last time. In a heartbreaking moment, Vijay finds Nandini dead that night.<br /> <br /> At Nandini's funeral, all her children and their new families are there. After the burial, the children and their families sadly part ways. Vijay is about to go to an orphanage when something unexpected happens - Ajay's adoptive parents return. Vijay runs to Ajay, and they embrace each other. Ajay's adoptive father, moved by their connection, agrees to take in Vijay as well. The movie ends with the two brothers happily together.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Padmini Kolhapure]] as Nandini; a school teacher <br /> * [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Shekhar; a truck driver <br /> * [[Nagesh Bhonsle]] as Patangrao Kurhade; a local [[Toddy shop|toddy]] vendor &amp; main antagonist <br /> * [[Bal Dhuri]] as Bapusaheb; a principal of school <br /> * Meghana Chate as Anju; elder daughter of Nandini &amp; Shekhar <br /> * Nihar Shembekar as Vijay; elder son of Nandini &amp; Shekhar<br /> * Avinash Chate as Ajay; younger son of Nandini &amp; Shekhar <br /> * Bharti Chate as Soni; younger daughter of Nandini &amp; Shekhar <br /> * [[Vijay Chavan]] as Dattu; Patangrao's employee <br /> * Rajshekhar as Abasaheb; the chairman of school <br /> * [[Laxmikant Berde]] as Shriyut Pendse; Ajay &amp; Vijay's adopted father <br /> * [[Priya Berde]] as Priya Pendse; Ajay &amp; Vijay's adopted mother <br /> * [[Ramesh Deo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=गाजलेल्या चिमणी पाखरं सिनेमात दिसले असते रमेश आणि सीमा देव, पण झालं असं की... |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/mahesh-kothare-share-memories-of-late-ramesh-deo-and-seema-deo-director-once-offered-them-chimani-pakhar-marathi-movie/articleshow/103068551.cms |access-date= |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Ramesh Chaudhari; Adopted father of Anju<br /> * [[Jayshree Gadkar]] as Maithili Chaudhari; Adopted mother of Anju<br /> * [[Tushar Dalvi]] as Mr. Karnik; Adopted father of Soni<br /> * [[Resham Tipnis]] as Mrs. Karnik; Adopted mother of Soni<br /> * [[Anand Abhyankar]] as Doctor <br /> * Mahesh Kokate as PT instructor Dongre<br /> * Ambar Kothare as Shekhar's boss<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> Music for this film is composed by Achyut Thakur Lyrics were written by [[Jagdish Khebudkar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Chimani Pakhar - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |date=2002-11-08 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/chimani-pakhar/36v9J0xl8j4_ |access-date= |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Chimani Pakhar Songs: Chimani Pakhar MP3 Marathi Songs by Achyut Thakur Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/chimani-pakhar |access-date=2023-12-27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | title1 = Kiranancha Bandhuni Maal<br /> | extra1 = [[Anuradha Paudwal]], Achyut Thakur|<br /> | length1 = 04:39<br /> | title2 = Majhya Gharacha Gokul Jhala<br /> | extra2 = [[Suresh Wadkar]], Anuradha Paudwal<br /> | length2 = 05:40|<br /> | title3 = Kashi Kalachi Chahul Aali<br /> | extra3 = Suresh Wadkar<br /> | length3 = 04:27<br /> | title4 = Kon Dakhavila Vat<br /> | extra4 = Suresh Wadkar|<br /> | length4 = 06:23<br /> | title5 = Maya Mandir Halale<br /> | extra5 = [[Ravindra Sathe]]<br /> | length5 = 05:30|<br /> | title6 = Sare Gama Padhanisa<br /> | extra6 = Anuradha Paudwal<br /> | length6 = 04:58<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|4896974}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2003 films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s Marathi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Kothare]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language family drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian family films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about cancer]]<br /> [[Category:Films about disability]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manish_Mehrotra&diff=516056 2026-02-17T09:40:37Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: started stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian chef}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Advert|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox chef<br /> | name = Manish Mehrotra<br /> | image = Manish_Mehrotra.png<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|1|20}}&lt;ref name=&quot;indianfoodfreak1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.indianfoodfreak.com/2013/02/chef-manish-mehrotra/ |title=Chef Manish Mehrotra an Introduction and Interview |publisher=Indianfoodfreak.com |date=2013-02-16 |accessdate=2013-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Patna]], [[India]]&lt;ref name=&quot;indianfoodfreak1&quot;/&gt;<br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | occupation = [[Chef]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | style = [[Indian cuisine]]<br /> | education = Diploma in Hotel Management<br /> | ratings = &lt;!-- {{Unbulleted list| [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|0|3}} | [[American Automobile Association|AAA Motor Club]] {{Rating|0|5}} | [[Mobil]] {{Rating|0|5}} | [[Good Food Guide]] {{Rating|0|10}} --&gt;<br /> | restaurants = &lt;!-- {{Unbulleted list| FIRST | SECOND }} --&gt;<br /> | prevrests = &lt;!-- {{Unbulleted list| FIRST | SECOND }} --&gt;<br /> | television = &lt;!-- {{Unbulleted list| FIRST | SECOND }} --&gt;<br /> | awards = &lt;!-- {{Unbulleted list| FIRST | SECOND }} --&gt;<br /> | website = [http://www.chefmanishmehrotra.com chefmanishmehrotra.com]<br /> }}<br /> '''Manish Mehrotra''' is an Indian celebrity chef, restaurateur, and cookbook author. In January 2026, Mehrotra opened Nisaba, his first independent restaurant under the Manish Mehrotra Culinary Arts (MMCA) banner, located within the Humayun’s Tomb Museum Complex in Delhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/food/dining/inside-nisaba-chef-manish-mehrotras-new-restaurant-at-humayuns-tomb-delhi/article70509438.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt; He previously served as the culinary director of [[Indian Accent (restaurant)|Indian Accent restaurants]] in [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], and [[New York City]], and at Comorin in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Mehrotra was born in [[Patna]], Bihar in 1974. Manish did his schooling from [[St. Xavier's High School, Patna]]. After his high school from [[New Era Public School|New Era Public School, New Delhi]], he moved to Mumbai to study hotel management from [[Institute of Hotel Management, Mumbai]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After completing his college in 1996, Manish Mehrotra joined the prestigious Taj Group of Hotels as a Hotel Operations - Management Trainee. He was posted at the Thai Pavilion restaurant where he worked under the guidance of Chef Ananda Solomon at the President Hotel in Mumbai. This is where he mastered the art of Pan-Asian cuisine in the span of four years.<br /> <br /> Soon after, in the year 2000, Mehrotra moved back from Mumbai to Delhi and joined Old World Hospitality which at that time managed the hospitality facilities at Habitat World, India Habitat Centre. He was posted at Oriental Octopus, a Members’ only restaurant at Habitat World. Within a span of six months, he became the Chef In-charge of the restaurant.<br /> <br /> During his time at the Oriental Octopus, Mehrotra travelled the South Asian region extensively and visited countries including [[China]], [[South Korea]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]] where he mastered his skills and learned extensively about South East Asian cuisine. <br /> <br /> In 2006, Mehrotra moved to London and opened a Pan Asian restaurant for Old World Hospitality to rave reviews. He spent three years in UK and came back to India. <br /> <br /> In the year 2009, Mehrotra’s career took a turn as he changed his path and started experimenting with Indian cuisine. This change of events turned in his favour and established him as the pioneer of ‘Modern Indian Cuisine’. In March 2009, he became the founding chef of Indian Accent at The [[Manor Hotel, New Delhi]]<br /> Indian Accent, an Old World Hospitality concept, offers an inventive approach to Indian cuisine. The original restaurant in New Delhi opened in 2009 to significant acclaim for its path breaking approach to contemporary Indian food. The menu explores progressive ideas in Indian cuisine while maintaining traditional integrity. Mehrotra reinterprets nostalgic Indian dishes with openness towards global techniques and influences.<br /> <br /> Indian Accent in New York opened in 2016 to critical and popular acclaim, including being ranked among the Best Restaurants of the year by several media outlets including Zagat, Time Out, Eater, The Village Voice and Thrillist. <br /> <br /> In 2018, Mehrotra designed a menu of comfort dishes and unusual food combinations from across the country for Old World Hospitality’s (now a group company of EHV International) Comorin, Gurugram. The restaurant won several awards and is currently amongst the Asia’s 50 Best Restaurants. <br /> <br /> Fourteen years after the Delhi outpost, Indian Accent opened in Mumbai in 2023 at NMACC. For the new branch, Mehrotra re-created an elaborate and unique menu keeping in mind the Mumbaikar’s palette. <br /> Indian Accent in New Delhi has won several awards and global recognition, including being on the World’s 50 Best list from 2015 to 2023. It has been awarded the San Pellegrino Best Restaurant in India on Asia’s 50 Best list from 2015 to 2022. It has also been rated the No.1 Restaurant in India by [[Tripadvisor|Trip Advisor]] for several consecutive years. It is also part of the [[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]], 100 Great Destinations in the World.<br /> <br /> After parting ways from Indian Accent in 2024, Mehrotra took a break to explore new opportunities. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NDTV |url=https://food.ndtv.com/news/chef-manish-mehrotra-unveils-his-next-act-after-leaving-indian-accent-9342638}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2026, the chef opened Nisaba, his first independent restaurant under the Manish Mehrotra Culinary Arts (MMCA) banner, backed by partners Amit Khanna and Binny Bansal. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/food/dining/inside-nisaba-chef-manish-mehrotras-new-restaurant-at-humayuns-tomb-delhi/article70509438.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The restaurant is located within the Humayun’s Tomb Museum Complex in Delhi, marking a new chapter in his culinary career. <br /> <br /> Manish himself has won several awards during his career.<br /> <br /> ==Films, TV and guest appearances==<br /> Apart from being a path-breaking chef and culinary director of Indian Accent, Mehrotra is a notable television personality as well. As a child artist, Mehrotra has acted in the 1983 film ‘[[Doosri Dulhan]]’ that stars [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Sharmila Tagore]] and Victor Banerjee in lead roles. Apart from this, Mehrotra also played a part in the 1984 film “Apna Bhi Koi Hota”.<br /> <br /> Mehrotra is also a well-known TV personality who lifted the trophy of ''[[Foodistan]]'' a reality cooking show by [[Good Times (TV channel)|NDTV Good Times]].<br /> <br /> Apart from this he has also been invited as a guest on several shows like<br /> * [[MasterChef India – Hindi|Master Chef India]] Season 8 (2023)<br /> * Master Chef India Season 7 (2022)<br /> * Master Chef India Season 4 (2015)<br /> * McCain Star Chef Season 1 (2022)<br /> * McCain Star Chef Season 2 (2024)<br /> * We The People<br /> * Jab we met, India Today<br /> * The Journey of India, Discovery<br /> * Diwali Delights with Indian Accent, NDTV<br /> * Hindustan Times Leadership Summit 2022<br /> * TED x NITW<br /> * Good Earth's Chef's Table<br /> * UNICEF India For Children<br /> * GlenfiddichIN India<br /> <br /> ==Cookbook==<br /> Manish Mehrotra is the author of ‘Indian Accent Restaurant Cookbook’, which was published by Penguin Books.<br /> <br /> The Coffee Table book has pictures by ace photographer Rohit Chawla. The book was launched on January 21, 2016 at the prestigious [[Jaipur Literature Festival]] by [[Shobhaa De]]. Two editions of the book have already been published. <br /> <br /> In 2023, the paperback version of the Indian Accent Restaurant Cookbook was published by Hachette Books. <br /> <br /> Manish’s recipes have featured in several cookbooks, magazines, newspapers as well as blogs<br /> <br /> ==Awards and accolades==<br /> * Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) – [[Manav Rachna University|Manav Rachna]] International Institute of Research &amp; Studies, 2023<br /> * Hall of Fame - Food Superstars - India’s Top 30 Chefs 2023<br /> * Culinary Icon of the year, [[Travel + Leisure|Travel &amp; Leisure]], India 2023<br /> * [[Hello! (magazine)|HELLO]]! 100 Most Influential: Manish Mehrotra, 2023<br /> * Best Chef In India - Food Superstars - India’s Top 30 Chefs 2022<br /> * Most Admired Chef, World Leadership Congress Awards 2022<br /> * Fellow of the International Institute of Hotel Management, 2021 <br /> * Fabelle Chef of The Year, Food Food Awards 2018<br /> * Culinary Excellence - Hello Hall Of Fame 2018<br /> * Chef of the year, Eazy Diner Foodie Awards 2017<br /> * Chef of the year, Powerlist Awards, Living Foodz, 2016<br /> * Jiggs Kalra, Best Chef of the year, Manish Mehrotra<br /> * Excellence Award for Shining The World's Spotlight On India - Condé Nast Traveller India Readers’ Travel Awards 2014<br /> * Disciples of Escoffier International, 2014<br /> * Winner – NDTV Foodistan (India Vs Pakistan) 2012<br /> * Chef of the year, Indian Restaurant Awards 2012<br /> * Chef of the year, Vir Sanghvi Awards, HT City, Hindustan Times, 2012<br /> * Gourmet Guru of India, Food &amp; Nightlife Magazine 2011<br /> * American Express - Best Chef Of The Year 2010<br /> * No. 1 Chef In India - The Economic Times, 2010<br /> * Chef of the year, Vir Sanghvi Awards, HT City, Hindustan Times, 2010<br /> * Teacher’s Golden Thistle Awards<br /> * Better Kitchen Awards - Promoting Indian Cuisines Worldwide<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *[https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/people/chef-manish-mehrotra-indian-cuisine-fine-dining Chef Manish Mehrotra Is On a Mission to Elevate Indian Cuisine for Fine Dining]<br /> *[https://penguin.co.in/book/the-indian-accent-restaurant-cookbook-2/ The Indian Accent Restaurant Cookbook]{{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mehrotra, Manish}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian chefs]]<br /> [[Category:1974 births]]<br /> [[Category:People from Patna]]<br /> [[Category:St. Xavier's Patna alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Chefs of Indian cuisine]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bal_Sahitya_Puraskar_winners_for_Assamese&diff=512256 2026-02-12T10:37:33Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}<br /> {{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}<br /> '''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.<br /> <br /> == Recipients ==<br /> Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.&lt;ref name=&quot;the quint&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Author<br /> ! Work<br /> ! Genre<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |References<br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || Gagan Chandra Adhikari || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Noted Children's Writer Gagan Ch Adhikari No More |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/noted-childrens-writer-gagan-ch-adhikari-no-more |access-date=13 December 2023 |work=Pratidin Bureau |date=30 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || [[Bandita Phukan]] || ''Seujia Dharani'' || Novel||<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || Santanoo Tamuly || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || Toshaprabha Kalita || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || Dinesh Chandra Goswami|| ''Bijnanar Anupam Jagat'' || Essays || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || Eli Ahmed || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |access-date=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || Harapriya Barukial Borgohain || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || Horendra Nath Borthakur || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || Jugallochan Das|| ''Sonbali Bagichar Bhoot'' || Novel|| &lt;ref name=&quot;the quint&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || Swamim Nasrin || ''Mili, Amia Aru Ekhon Nadi'' || Short Stories || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar; two winners from south India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jun/15/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-two-winners-from-south-india-1990553.html |website=www.newindianexpress.com |access-date=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || Madhurima Gharphalia|| ''Phosong'' || Short Stories || &lt;ref name=&quot;Deccan Herald&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2020 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2020-961327.html |website=www.deccanherald.com |date=2021-03-12 |access-date=1 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || Mrinal Chandra Kalita|| ''Bakul Phular Dare'' || Novel || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-megha-majumdar-7699167/ |publisher=indianexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2021-12-30 |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards, Yuva Puraskar and Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/sahitya-akademi-awards-yuva-puraskar-and-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-announced/articleshow/88596074.cms |access-date=22 November 2022 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=timesofindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://staging.theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021/792021/ |access-date=22 November 2022 |website=staging.theprint.in |archive-date=2022-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122121418/https://staging.theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021/792021/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || Diganta Oza || ''Dangor Manuhor Sadhu'' || Essays || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023 || Rothindranath Goswami || ''Powalmoni Aru Chichingar Duhxahaxik Abhijan'' || Novel || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || Ranju Hazarika || ''Biponna Bismoi Khel'' || Novel ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || Surendra Mohan Das || ''Mainaahantar Padya'' || Poetry || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Assamese]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Portal|India|Literature}}<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]<br /> [[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]<br /> [[Category:Indian literary awards]]<br /> [[Category:Literary awards by language]]<br /> [[Category:Assamese-language culture]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Habib_(footballer)&diff=470886 2026-02-07T19:08:06Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: basic added page as per guidelines also and fixed typos as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian footballer (1949–2023)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox football biography<br /> | name = Mohammed Habib<br /> | height = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|7|17|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]], [[Dominion of India|India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2023|8|15|1949|7|17|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br /> | years1 = ?<br /> | years2 = 1966–1968<br /> | years3 = 1968–1969<br /> | years4 = 1970–1974<br /> | years5 = 1975<br /> | years6 = 1976–78<br /> | years7 = 1979<br /> | years8 = 1980–81<br /> | years9 = 1982–84<br /> | clubs1 = City College Old Boys' Club<br /> | clubs2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /> | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> | clubs4 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /> | clubs5 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]<br /> | clubs6 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> | clubs7 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]<br /> | clubs8 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /> | clubs9 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> | caps1 = <br /> | caps2 = <br /> | caps3 = <br /> | caps4 = <br /> | caps5 = <br /> | caps6 = <br /> | caps7 = <br /> | caps8 = <br /> | caps9 = <br /> | goals1 = <br /> | goals2 = <br /> | goals3 = <br /> | goals4 = <br /> | goals5 = <br /> | goals6 = <br /> | goals7 = <br /> | goals8 = <br /> | goals9 = <br /> | nationalyears1 = 1965–1975&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammed Habib&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.yahind.com/indian-football-legend-habib-felicitated/ |title=Indian football legend Habib felicitated |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608181447/http://www.yahind.com/indian-football-legend-habib-felicitated/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]<br /> | nationalcaps1 = 35<br /> | nationalgoals1 = 11<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970 Bangkok]]|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games – Men's team squads|Team]]}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mohammed Habib''' (17 July 1949 – 15 August 2023) was an Indian footballer who played as a [[forward (association football)|forward]] for the [[India national football team|India national team]] which he also captained.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Shoubhik|last=Mukhopadhyay|url=https://i-league.org/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-a-sublime-romantic-saga/|title=East Bengal &amp; Calcutta Football League: A Sublime Romantic Saga – Hero I-League|date=10 September 2015|access-date=25 September 2019|website=i-league.org|publisher=[[I-League]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925033144/https://i-league.org/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-a-sublime-romantic-saga/|archive-date=25 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also considered by many Indians as one of the best footballers the country has ever produced.&lt;ref name=&quot;sportstar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Indian football legend Mohammed Habib passes away at 74 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/indian-football-legend-md-mohammed-habib-footballer-dead-passes-away-age-74-east-bengal-mohun-bagan/article67198113.ece |access-date=15 August 2023 |publisher=Sportstar |date=15 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ডেস্ক |first=আনন্দবাজার অনলাইন |title=হাসপাতালে বন্ড সই করে হাবিব খেলেছিলেন জীবনের সেরা ম্যাচ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/obituary-of-former-footballer-mohammed-habib-dgtl/cid/1452583 |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was popularly known as ''Bade Mia'' in the Indian football world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-15 |title=ক্রীড়াজগতে নক্ষত্রপতন, প্রয়াত ফুটবল মক্কার 'বড়ে মিয়াঁ' মহম্মদ হাবিব |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/indian-footballer-md-habib-has-passed-away-660605/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=Indian Express Bangla |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-15 |title=Mohammed Habib Passes Away: প্রয়াত 'লড়াকু' ফুটবলার মহম্মদ হাবিব |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/sports/ex-footballer-mohammed-habib-passes-away_483924.html |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=Zee24Ghanta.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Club career==<br /> In 1968, Habib played for the [[Calcutta Football League]] club [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] under &quot;diamond coach&quot; [[Amal Dutta]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Somnath|title=Tactical Evolution of Indian Football (Part Three): PK Banerjee – Amal Dutta – Nayeemuddin|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-three-pk-banerjee-amal-dutta-nayeemuddin/|location=Kolkata|date=13 July 2011|access-date=16 March 2021|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|language=en-US|archive-date=14 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714062345/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-three-pk-banerjee-amal-dutta-nayeemuddin/}}&lt;/ref&gt; and won the 1969 [[IFA Shield]] with a 3–1 victory against East Bengal in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1960 to 1969 |url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/726-2/ |website=Mohun Bagan Club |access-date=6 May 2022 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505210606/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/726-2/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although hailing from the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now Telangana), he represented [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]] in the [[Santosh Trophy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Habib&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/246411-football-legend-mohamamed-habib-gets-bharat-gaurav-award |title=Football Legend Mohamamed Habib Gets Bharat Gaurav Award |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085501/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/246411-football-legend-mohamamed-habib-gets-bharat-gaurav-award |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; For the [[1969–70 Santosh Trophy]], Habib, along with Priya Mazumder and Pranab Ganguly were released from the Indian camp for the [[Merdeka Tournament|Merdeka Cup]]. The Bengal forwards ran riot and scored 28 goals in five matches. Habib scored five goals in Bengal's 6-1 win over Services in the final and finished as the top scorer of the tournament with 11 goals.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19691017&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en Santosh Trophy for Bengal], ''Indian Express'', 17 October 1969, p.12 &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==International career==<br /> Habib represented the [[India national football team|India national team]] in international tournaments. He won a bronze medal at the [[1970 Asian Games]] in [[Bangkok]] on a team led by [[Syed Nayeemuddin]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2018-07-14/Old-timers-recollect-past-glory-of-city-football/398165|title=Old-timers recollect past glory of city football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022162920/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/posts/index/Hans/2018-07-14/Old-timers-recollect-past-glory-of-city-football/398165|archive-date=22 October 2021|publisher=[[The Hans India]]|date=14 July 2018|access-date=5 September 2021|first=Mohammed|last=Nizamuddin|location=[[Hyderabad]], Telangana}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=18 October 2012 |newspaper=The Free Press Journal |title=Former India goalkeeper Bandya Kakade is no more |url=http://freepressjournal.in/former-india-goalkeeper-bandya-kakade-is-no-more/ |access-date=13 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713055423/http://freepressjournal.in/former-india-goalkeeper-bandya-kakade-is-no-more/ |archive-date=13 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; and managed by [[P. K. Banerjee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Indian football's finest: 50 years on, remembering the stars of 1970 Asian Games bronze-winning team|website=www.scroll.in|publisher=Scroll|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|access-date=27 February 2022|url=https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team|date=3 February 2020|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024824/https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games|website=IndianFootball.de|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|access-date=23 November 2021|archive-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162324/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy|title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1970 Bangkok|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok|website=www.sportskeeda.com|publisher=[[Nazara Technologies#Sportskeeda|Sportskeeda]]|date=26 August 2014|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195150/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored 11 goals in 35 international matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Mohammed Habib Passes Away| website=aajtak.in| date=16 August 2023 | url=https://www.aajtak.in/sports/football/story/mohammed-habib-died-indian-great-footballer-mohammad-habib-passes-away-mohun-bagan-tspo-1758617-2023-08-16 | language=hi | access-date=20 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Managerial career==<br /> After playing football, Habib became coach of the [[Tata Football Academy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bangla-team-in-drab-draw/cid/1222075|title=Bangla Team in Drab Draw|date=18 November 1999|access-date=28 January 2020|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229140239/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bangla-team-in-drab-draw/cid/1222075|archive-date=29 February 2024|website=telegraphindia.com|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also acted as chief coach of the [[Indian Football Association]] academy in [[Haldia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first1=Gautam|last1=Roy|first2=Swapan|last2=Ball|date=2007|url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers4.asp|title=East Bengal Football Club – Famous Players|access-date=25 February 2009|website=www.eastbengalfootballclub.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072439/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers4.asp|archive-date=21 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Habib guided [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] in domestic competitions from 1999–2000, 2000–2003 and 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/habib-who-once-ruled-kolkata-maidan-goes-into-seclusion-in-hyderabad-where-are-they-now/1574624|website=outlookindia.com|title=Habib, who once ruled Kolkata maidan, goes into seclusion in Hyderabad (Where Are They Now?)|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181745/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/habib-who-once-ruled-kolkata-maidan-goes-into-seclusion-in-hyderabad-where-are-they-now/1574624|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/legends-of-indian-football-mohammad-habib/ Legends Of Indian Football : Mohammad Habib] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112095011/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/legends-of-indian-football-mohammad-habib/ |date=12 January 2019 }} ''The Hard Tackle''. Retrieved 1 July 2021&lt;/ref&gt; He also managed [[Bengal Mumbai FC]] in the [[Mumbai Football League]] from 2007 to 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2007.html|title=Season ending Transfers 2007: India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521161408/http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2007.html|archive-date=21 May 2021 |website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=1 July 2021|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2008.html|title=Season ending Transfers 2008: India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716134425/http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2008.html|archive-date=16 July 2021|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=1 July 2021|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Mohammed Habib died on 15 August 2023 at the age of 74, after suffering from [[Parkinson's disease]] and [[dementia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sportstar&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> '''Bengal'''<br /> *[[Santosh Trophy]]: [[1969–70 Santosh Trophy|1969-70]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Novy Kapadia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Novy|last=Kapadia|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/memorable-moments-in-the-santosh-trophy-2|website=www.sportskeeda.com|publisher=[[Nazara Technologies#Sportskeeda|Sportskeeda]]|date=27 May 2012|access-date=7 March 2021|title=Memorable moments in the Santosh Trophy|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412140304/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/memorable-moments-in-the-santosh-trophy-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''East Bengal'''<br /> *[[IFA Shield]]: 1970, 1972, 1974<br /> *[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: 1980–81<br /> <br /> '''India'''<br /> *[[Asian Games]] Bronze Medal: [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments#|title=Indian Football Down the Years: Looking back at the glorious moments|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|website=www.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|language=en|trans-title=|location=New Delhi|agency=|date=15 August 2022|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921011335/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Merdeka Tournament]] third place: 1970&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=2003 |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214747/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Pesta Sukan Cup (Singapore): 1971&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1971 Singapore Pesta Sukan Cup|website=indianfootball.de|year=2000|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214722/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Mohun Bagan'''<br /> *[[IFA Shield]]: 1969, 1977, 1978<br /> *[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: 1978–79<br /> <br /> '''Individual'''<br /> * [[Santosh Trophy]] top scorer: [[1969–70 Santosh Trophy|1969-70]] (with 11 goals)&lt;ref name=&quot;Novy Kapadia&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Awards'''<br /> * [[Arjuna Award]]: 1980&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS - Football {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|archive-date=25 December 2007|access-date=25 December 2007|website=yas.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Award winning Footballers|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=IndianFootball|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=2000|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001123849/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[East Bengal Club Season Awards|East Bengal &quot;Bharat Gaurav Award&quot;]]: 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;Habib&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [[Banga Bibhushan]]: 2018 (by the [[Government of West Bengal]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wbcmo.gov.in/events.aspx?mon=88&amp;type=EVENT|title=Chief Minister's Office: Banga Bibhusan and Banga Bhusan – 2018|website=wbcmo.gov.in|publisher=The Government of West Bengal|date=21 May 2018|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809123621/http://wbcmo.gov.in/events.aspx?mon=88&amp;type=EVENT|archive-date=9 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jagonews24.com/international/news/428839|title='বঙ্গবিভূষণ' পুরস্কার পেলেন আশা ভোঁসলে, সমরেশ, প্রসেনজিৎ|date=22 May 2018|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143434/https://www.jagonews24.com/international/news/428839|archive-date=2 February 2024|website=jagonews24.com|language=bn|trans-title=Banga Bibhushan for Asha Bhosle, Samaresh, Prasenjit and others}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Biography|Association football}}<br /> * [[Arjuna Award#Arjun Awardees in Football|Arjuna award recipients among Indian footballers]]<br /> * [[List of India national football team captains]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}<br /> *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}<br /> *{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y}}<br /> *{{cite web |url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |title=Triumphs and Disasters: The Story of Indian Football, 1889—2000. |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813081005/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&amp;pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&amp;pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/greatest-indian-football-xi-of-all-time All time Indian Football XI]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Habib, Mohammed}}<br /> [[Category:1949 births]]<br /> [[Category:2023 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:India men's international footballers]]<br /> [[Category:Men's association football forwards]]<br /> [[Category:Footballers from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]<br /> [[Category:Footballers at the 1970 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Footballers at the 1974 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br /> [[Category:East Bengal Club players]]<br /> [[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]<br /> [[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players]]<br /> [[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) managers]]<br /> [[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in India]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from dementia in India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in football]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Chess_Championship_2007&diff=447671 2026-02-07T12:53:55Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: quick fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Chess championship held in Mexico City}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox sports competition event<br /> | competition = [[World Chess Championship]] 2007<br /> | governing_body = [[FIDE]]<br /> | image = Viswanathan Anand 08 14 2005.jpg<br /> | alt = Viswanathan Anand<br /> | caption = [[Viswanathan Anand]], winner of the World Chess Championship 2007.<br /> | venue = <br /> | location = [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<br /> | dates = 12–30 September 2007<br /> | competitors = 8<br /> | nations = 5<br /> | champion = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswanathan Anand]]<br /> | win_score = 9 points of 14<br /> | previous = [[World Chess Championship 2006|2006]]<br /> | next = [[World Chess Championship 2008|2008]]<br /> }}<br /> The '''World Chess Championship 2007''' was held in [[Mexico City]], from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion of the game of [[chess]]. It was an eight-player, double [[round robin tournament]].<br /> <br /> [[Viswanathan Anand]] won the tournament and the title of [[World Chess Championship|World Chess Champion]]. His winning score was 9 points out of 14, with a total of four wins and 10 draws, and Anand was the only undefeated player in the tournament.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> This championship was unusual in that the [[World Chess Championship]] was decided by a tournament rather than a match.<br /> <br /> The [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005]] was also a double round robin tournament, but at the time the world title was split, with that tournament being for the [[FIDE]] world championship, and with Classical World Champion [[Vladimir Kramnik]] refusing to take part.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/kramfide.html Official Statement by Vladimir Kramnik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013053417/http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/kramfide.html |date=13 October 2006 }}, [[The Week in Chess]], 28 April 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after the 2005 tournament, FIDE announced that the 2007 World Championship would also be a double round robin tournament.<br /> <br /> In &lt;!-- May? --&gt; 2006, FIDE announced the [[World Chess Championship 2006]], to reunify the world chess championship. Because the organization of the 2007 tournament was largely in place, conditions of that match included:<br /> * If Classical champion (Kramnik) defeated FIDE Champion [[Veselin Topalov]], Kramnik would take Topalov's place in the 2007 tournament.<br /> * The 2007 tournament would be a world championship.<br /> <br /> Kramnik won the 2006 match. In June 2007, Kramnik confirmed that he recognized the 2007 tournament as the world championship, while expressing a personal preference for the championship to be decided by a match.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3899 Vladimir Kramnik on the world of chess (Part 2)], [[Chessbase]], 1 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> FIDE later announced that future world championships (beginning with the [[World Chess Championship 2008]]) would be decided by matches between the champion and a challenger.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fide.com/official/handbook.asp?level=DD106 Regulations for the 2007 – 2009 World Chess Championship Cycle], sections 4 and 5, [[FIDE]] online. Undated, but reported in [http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3948 Chessbase on 24 Jun 2007]&lt;/ref&gt; At the same time FIDE announced that, as compensation for being denied entry to the 2007 tournament, Topalov would have special privileges in the [[World Chess Championship 2010]] cycle.<br /> <br /> ==Participants==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Qualification path<br /> ! Player<br /> ! Age<br /> ! Rating (July 2007)<br /> ! Rank<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | [[World Chess Championship 2006|Reigning World Champion]]<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]|Russia}}<br /> | 32<br /> | 2769<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | Joint second and fourth place in the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005]]<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Viswanathan Anand]]|India}}<br /> | 37<br /> | 2792<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Peter Svidler]]|Russia}}<br /> | 31<br /> | 2735<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Morozevich]]|Russia}}<br /> | 30<br /> | 2758<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | Qualified via the [[World_Chess_Championship_2007#2007_Candidates_tournament|Candidates Tournament]]<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Péter Lékó]]|Hungary}}<br /> | 28<br /> | 2751<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Boris Gelfand]]|Israel}}<br /> | 39<br /> | 2733<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Levon Aronian]]|Armenia}}<br /> | 24<br /> | 2750<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Grischuk]]|Russia}}<br /> | 23<br /> | 2726<br /> | 14<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualification process==<br /> The top four finishers of the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005|2005 FIDE World Championship]] event were granted direct entry into the 2007 event. However, [[Veselin Topalov]], [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005|FIDE World Chess Champion 2005]], was replaced by [[Vladimir Kramnik]], Classical World Chess Champion, after losing his unification match to him in the [[World Chess Championship 2006|2006 World Championship]].<br /> <br /> Four further players qualified through the 2005–07 qualification process, which consisted of three stages:<br /> #Continental championships<br /> #2005 World Cup<br /> #2007 Candidates Tournament<br /> <br /> ===2005 World Cup===<br /> {{main|Chess World Cup 2005}}<br /> <br /> The 2005 World Cup, held in [[Khanty-Mansiysk]], Russia, was the main qualification path for the Candidates tournament (providing 10 out of 16 candidates). It was a knock-out tournament of mini-matches, in the style of the [[FIDE World Chess Championships 1998-2004]]. However, once 16 players were left, they were no longer immediately eliminated, but played further mini-matches to establish places 1 through 16.<br /> <br /> The top finishers were:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/a5a7$iix.htm 2005 FIDE World Cup Results] at [http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc-indx.htm Mark Weeks' World Chess Championship Index]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://theweekinchess.com/html/twic580.html The Week in Chess 580]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Levon Aronian]]'''|Armenia}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Ruslan Ponomariov]]'''|Ukraine}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Étienne Bacrot]]'''|France}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''|Russia}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Evgeny Bareev]]'''|Russia}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Boris Gelfand]]'''|Israel}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Sergei Rublevsky]]'''|Russia}}<br /> #{{flagathlete|'''[[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]'''|Turkey}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> &lt;ol start=9&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|'''[[Gata Kamsky]]'''|USA}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|'''[[Magnus Carlsen]]'''|Norway}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|'''[[Vladimir Malakhov (chess player)|Vladimir Malakhov]]'''|Russia}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|[[Francisco Vallejo Pons]]|Spain}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|[[Alexey Dreev]]|Russia}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|[[Loek van Wely]]|Netherlands}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|[[Joël Lautier]]|France}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;li&gt;{{flagathlete|[[Konstantin Sakaev]]|Russia}}&lt;/li&gt;<br /> &lt;/ol&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> <br /> The top 10 qualified for the Candidates Tournament. Since Bacrot was already qualified on rating, 11th placed Malakhov also qualified.<br /> <br /> ===2007 Candidates tournament===<br /> One place in the [[Candidates Tournament]] was reserved for [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2004|2004 FIDE World Champion]] Kasimdzhanov, who had also finished 6th in the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005|2005 championship tournament]]. Five places were then awarded to the five [[Elo rating system|highest rated players]] (average of July 2004 and January 2005 ratings): Leko, Adams, Polgar, Shirov and Bacrot. The remaining ten places went to the highest finishers at the [[Chess World Cup 2005|2005 World Cup]] who had not otherwise qualified (see above).<br /> <br /> The Candidates tournament, held in [[Elista]], [[Kalmykia]], Russia, from 26 May to 14 June 2007, was originally to consist of a two-round [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]] with one player qualifying from each quarter of the draw. In September 2006, FIDE proposed that these players play a 16 player, single round-robin tournament instead.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3365 FIDE proposes Candidates tournament 2007], Chessbase, 24 September 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; However this decision was reversed, and the tournament consisted of two rounds of matches as originally planned.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theweekinchess.com/html/twic654.html The Week in Chess 654], [[The Week in Chess]], 21 May 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> World Cup winner Aronian was top seed, with the remaining players seeded in rating order according to the January 2006 ratings list. In the second round, the 1v16 winner played the 8v9 winner, 2v15 winner versus 7v10 winner, and so on.<br /> <br /> ====Match conditions====<br /> Matches were best of six games, at normal time controls (40/120, then 20/60, then 15 minutes + 30 seconds per move). Where matches were tied after six games, tie breaks were played on the seventh day:<br /> <br /> # Best of four rapid games were played. Rapid time control was 25 minutes for the game, plus 10 seconds per move.<br /> # Where the score was still tied, best of two blitz games were played. Blitz time control was 5 minutes for the game, plus 10 seconds per move.<br /> # If the score was still tied, the players would have drawn lots for a single sudden death game where White had six minutes but needed to win, Black had five minutes but only needed to [[draw (chess)|draw]]. This final stage of tie break, called an [[Armageddon chess]] game, was never required.<br /> <br /> ====Round 1====<br /> :{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''1'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Levon Aronian]]'''|ARM}}<br /> | '''2759'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | 4<br /> | '''7'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 16<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Magnus Carlsen]]|NOR}}<br /> | 2693<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 2<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center <br /> | '''8'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Alexei Shirov]]'''|ESP}}<br /> | '''2699'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | 2½<br /> | '''5½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 9<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]|ENG}}<br /> | 2734<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | 3½<br /> |-<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''2'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Peter Leko]]'''|HUN}}<br /> | '''2738'''<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 15<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]|TUR}}<br /> | 2639<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | 0<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | ½<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 7<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Judit Polgár]]|HUN}}<br /> | 2727<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | –<br /> | 2½<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''10'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Evgeny Bareev]]'''|RUS}}<br /> | '''2643'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 3<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Ruslan Ponomariov]]|UKR}}<br /> | 2717<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | –<br /> | 2½<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''14'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Sergei Rublevsky]]'''|RUS}}<br /> | '''2680'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''6'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''|RUS}}<br /> | '''2717'''<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | ½<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 11<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Malakhov (chess player)|Vladimir Malakhov]]|RUS}}<br /> | 2679<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | 1½<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''4'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Boris Gelfand]]'''|ISR}}<br /> | '''2733'''<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 2½<br /> | '''5½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 13<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]]|UZB}}<br /> | 2677<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | 3½<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 5<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Étienne Bacrot]]|FRA}}<br /> | 2709<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | 0<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | ½<br /> |- align=center<br /> | '''12'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Gata Kamsky]]'''|USA}}<br /> | '''2705'''<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Round 2====<br /> :{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;<br /> | '''1'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Levon Aronian]]'''|ARM}}<br /> | '''2759'''<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 8<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Alexei Shirov]]|ESP}}<br /> | 2699<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | –<br /> | 2½<br /> |- <br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;<br /> | '''2'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Peter Leko]]'''|HUN}}<br /> | '''2738'''<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 10<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Evgeny Bareev]]|RUS}}<br /> | 2643<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | 1½<br /> |-<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;<br /> | '''4'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Boris Gelfand]]'''|ISR}}<br /> | '''2733'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 1<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | '''3½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 12<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Gata Kamsky]]|USA}}<br /> | 2705<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 0<br /> | –<br /> | –<br /> | 1½<br /> |-<br /> !Seed!!Name!!Rating!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!TB!!Total<br /> |- align=center style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;<br /> | '''6'''<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''|RUS}}<br /> | '''2717'''<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 2½<br /> | '''5½'''<br /> |- align=center<br /> | 14<br /> | align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Sergei Rublevsky]]|RUS}}<br /> | 2680<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | 0<br /> | ½<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot; | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | ½<br /> | 3½<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The four second round winners qualified for the championship tournament.<br /> <br /> ==2007 Championship tournament==<br /> <br /> ===Playing conditions===<br /> The tournament was a double round robin, with the first round on 13 September 2007 and the final round on 29 September 2007. Rest days were on the 17th, 22nd and 26th, that is after rounds 4, 8 and 11. Games each day began at 2&amp;nbsp;pm local time, which is 19:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. The time control was ''40/2h, 20/1h, 15m+30sec/all'' meaning that each player had 2 hours per game, plus an extra hour added after the 40th move, 15 extra minutes added after the 60th move, and from there on 30 extra seconds added for each move ([[Time control#Compensation (delay methods)|Fischer delay]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;mexicoregualtions&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fide.com/official/handbook.asp?level=DD105 |title=Regulations for the World Chess Championship Tournament |access-date=17 September 2007 |publisher=[[FIDE]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070405205934/http://www.fide.com/official/handbook.asp?level=DD105 &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archive-date = 5 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The pairings were made on Wednesday, 12 September 2007.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4110 Mexico countdown: Openings Ceremony, pairings], Chessbase, 13 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Results===<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> :{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%&quot;<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 1–13 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand || Gelfand ||align=center | ½–½ || [[Encyclopedia of Chess Openings|C42]] [[Petrov's Defence|Petrov]]<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik || Svidler ||align=center | ½–½ || D43 [[Slav Defense|Slav]]<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich || Aronian ||align=center | ½–½ || E12 [[Queen's Indian Defense|Queen's Indian]]<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk || Lékó ||align=center | ½–½ || C88 [[Ruy Lopez]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 2–14 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (½) || Morozevich (½)||align=center | 1–0 || E04 [[Catalan Opening|Catalan]]<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (½) || Grischuk (½) ||align=center | ½–½ || E15 Queen's Indian<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (½) || Lékó (½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C89 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (½) || Anand (½) ||align=center | 0–1 || D43 [[Queen's Gambit Declined|QGD]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 3–15 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (1½) || Kramnik (1½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C42 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (1) || Aronian (½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C88 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (1) || Gelfand (1) ||align=center | ½–½ || C42 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (½)|| Svidler (1) ||align=center | 1–0 || C45 [[Scotch Game|Scotch]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 4–16 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (1) || Lékó (1½) ||align=center | 1–0 || A33 [[Benoni Defense|Benoni]]<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (2) || Grischuk (1½) ||align=center | ½–½ || E06 Catalan<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (1½)|| Anand (2) ||align=center | ½–½ || D47 QGD<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (1) || Gelfand (1½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C42 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 5–18 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (2½) || Svidler (1½) ||align=center | 1–0 || C89 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (2) || Aronian (2) ||align=center | 1–0 || A60 Benoni<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (2) || Morozevich (2)||align=center | 1–0 || D38 QGD<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (1½) || Kramnik (2½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C54 [[Bishop's Opening|Bishop's]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 6–19 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (2) || Kramnik (3) ||align=center | ½–½ || E06 Catalan<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (3) || Morozevich (2)||align=center | 1–0 || E17 Queen's Indian<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (3) || Svidler (1½) ||align=center | ½–½ || D43 [[Semi-Slav Defense|Semi-Slav]]<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (2) || Anand (3½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C78 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 7–20 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (4) || Grischuk (3½) ||align=center | 1–0 || C88 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (3½) || Gelfand (4) ||align=center | ½–½ || D43 Slav<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (2) || Lékó (2½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C45 Scotch<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (2) || Aronian (2½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C69 Ruy Lopez<br /> |}<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%&quot;<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 8–21 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (3) || Morozevich (2½) ||align=center | ½–½ || E17 Queen's Indian<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (4½) || Anand (5) ||align=center | ½–½ || E06 Catalan<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (3) || Grischuk (3½) ||align=center | 1–0 || C88 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (2½) || Kramnik (4) ||align=center | ½–½ || C42 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 9–23 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (5½) || Aronian (3½) ||align=center | ½–½ ||C89 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (3½) || Gelfand (5) ||align=center | 1–0 ||E20 [[Nimzo-Indian Defence|Nimzo-Indian]]<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (4) || Svidler (3) ||align=center | ½–½ ||B90 [[Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation|Najdorf Sicilian]]<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (3) || Kramnik (4½) ||align=center | 1–0 ||E61 [[King's Indian Defence|King's Indian]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 10–24 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (4) || Grischuk (4½) ||align=center | 1–0 ||D30 QGD<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (5) || Lékó (4½) ||align=center | ½–½ ||E05 Catalan<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (4½) || Anand (6) ||align=center |½–½ ||D43 Semi-Slav<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (3½) || Morozevich (4) ||align=center | ½–½ ||B17 [[Caro–Kann Defence|Caro–Kann]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 11–25 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (6½) || Morozevich (4½) ||align=center | 1–0 ||B90 Najdorf Sicilian<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (5½) || Svidler (4) ||align=center | ½–½ ||A15 [[English Opening|English]]<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (4½) || Kramnik (5) ||align=center | ½–½ ||C43 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (5) || Aronian (5) ||align=center | ½–½ ||E15 Queen's Indian<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 12–27 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (5½) || Gelfand (6) ||align=center | 0–1 ||D43 Semi-Slav<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (5½) || Lékó (5½) ||align=center | 1–0 ||E05 Catalan<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (4½) || Grischuk (5) ||align=center | 1–0 ||A28 English<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (4½) || Anand (7½) ||align=center | ½–½ || C88 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 13–28 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Aronian (5½) || Svidler (5) ||align=center |½–½||A29 English<br /> |-<br /> |Gelfand (7) || Kramnik (6½) ||align=center |½–½||D47 Semi-Slav<br /> |-<br /> |Grischuk (5) || Anand (8) ||align=center | ½–½ ||D43 Semi-Slav<br /> |-<br /> |Lékó (5½) || Morozevich (5½) ||align=center | 1–0 ||B66 [[Sicilian Defence|Sicilian]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=4 style=&quot;background:#cccccc;&quot;| '''Round 14–29 September'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anand (8½) ||Lékó (6½) ||align=center | ½–½ ||C89 Ruy Lopez<br /> |-<br /> |Kramnik (7) ||Aronian (6) ||align=center | 1–0 ||E15 Queen's Indian<br /> |-<br /> |Morozevich (5½)||Gelfand (7½) ||align=center | ½–½ ||C42 Petrov<br /> |-<br /> |Svidler (5½) ||Grischuk (5½)||align=center | 1–0 ||B90 Najdorf Sicilian<br /> |}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;small&gt;Numbers in parentheses indicate players' scores prior to the round.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Final standings===<br /> <br /> :{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Rank!!Player!!Rating<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|ANA<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|KRA<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|GEL<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|LEK<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|SVI<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|MOR<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|ARO<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|GRI<br /> !Points!!H2H!!Wins!!NS<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;|'''1'''||align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;|{{flagathlete|'''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''|IND}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;|'''2792'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|1<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;|'''9'''|| style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;| || style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;| || style=&quot;background:#ccffcc;&quot;|<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |2||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]|RUS}}<br /> |2769<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |8||1||3||54.50<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |3||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Boris Gelfand]]|ISR}}<br /> |2733<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|1<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |8||1||3||54.25<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |4||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Peter Leko]]|HUN}}<br /> |2751<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |7|| || ||<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |5||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Peter Svidler]]|RUS}}<br /> |2735<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |6½|| || ||<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |6||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Morozevich]]|RUS}}<br /> |2758<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |6||1||3||<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |7||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Levon Aronian]]|ARM}}<br /> |2750<br /> |0||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |0||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| <br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |6||1||2||<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:white; color:black&quot;<br /> |8||align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Grischuk]]|RUS}}<br /> |2726<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|½<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |1||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |½||style=&quot;background:black; color:white&quot;|0<br /> |style=&quot;background:gray&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |5½|| || ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Key: H2H = head-to-head, points against tied player; NS = [[Neustadtl score]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> For players who finished level on points, the following tie-breakers were applied (in order of precedence): results of games between tied players, total number of wins, [[Neustadtl score]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mexicoregualtions&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Points by round===<br /> For each player, the difference between wins and losses after each round is shown.<br /> The players with the highest difference for each round are marked with green background.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%; text-align:center; white-space: nowrap;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Final&lt;br/&gt;place !! style=&quot;width:140px;&quot; | Player \ Round<br /> ! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Viswanathan Anand]]|IND}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+2||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+2||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+3||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+3||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+3||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+3||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+4||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+4||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+4||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+4<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]|RUS}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+1||+1||+1||+1||+1||=0||=0||=0||+1||+1||+2<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Boris Gelfand]]|ISR}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||=0||=0||=0||+1||bgcolor=#ccffcc|+2||+2||+2||+1||+1||+1||+2||+2||+2<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Peter Leko]]|HUN}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||=0||=0||−1||−1||−1||−1||=0||=0||=0||=0||−1||=0||=0<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Peter Svidler]]|RUS}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||=0||−1||−1||−2||−2||−2||−2||−2||−2||−2||−2||−2||−1<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Morozevich]]|RUS}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||−1||=0||=0||−1||−2||−2||−2||−1||−1||−2||−1||−2||−2<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Levon Aronian]]|ARM}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||−1||−1||=0||−1||−1||−1||−1||−1||=0||=0||−1||−1||−2<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Grischuk]]|RUS}}<br /> | bgcolor=#ccffcc|=0||=0||=0||=0||+1||+1||=0||−1||=0||−1||−1||−2||−2||−3<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Chess}}<br /> {{World Chess Championships|state=expanded}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:World Chess Championships|2007]]<br /> [[Category:2007 in chess]]<br /> [[Category:2007 in Mexican sports]]<br /> [[Category:Chess in Mexico]]<br /> [[Category:Sports competitions in Mexico City]]<br /> [[Category:2000s in Mexico City]]<br /> [[Category:September 2007 sports events in North America]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zaheer_Iqbal&diff=546408 2026-01-29T08:53:04Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new new info from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor (born 1988)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Zaheer Iqbal<br /> | image = File:Zaheer Iqbal snapped at PVR Juhu.jpg<br /> | caption = Iqbal in 2019<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|12|10}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaheerbirthday&quot; /&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | birth_name = Zaheer Iqbal Ratansi<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Sonakshi Sinha]]|2024}}<br /> | known for = <br /> | yearsactive = 2019–present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Zaheer Iqbal Ratansi''' (born 10 December 1988) is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films. Iqbal made his acting debut with the romantic drama ''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]'' (2019). He has since starred in the comedy ''[[Double XL]]'' (2022).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Notebook trailer: Zaheer Iqbal, Pranutan Bahl fall in love without ever seeing each other in this Salman Khan production|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/notebook-trailer-zaheer-iqbal-pranutan-bahl-fall-in-love-without-ever-seeing-each-other-in-this-salman-khan-production/story-HVBeNLBHYd0ws9dHwLgNFN_amp.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=22 February 2019 |access-date=22 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Iqbal was born on 10 December 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaheerbirthday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sonakshi Sinha wishes 'personal psycho' Zaheer Iqbal on birthday with cute video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sonakshi-sinha-wishes-personal-psycho-zaheer-iqbal-on-birthday-with-cute-video-2474194-2023-12-10|work=India Today|date=10 December 2023 |access-date=10 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Born in a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] family, his father Iqbal Ratansi is a jeweller while his sister Sanam Ratansi, is a celebrity stylist and costume designer. He completed his schooling from [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim|Bombay Scottish School]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who is Zaheer Iqbal? Know all about the Notebook actor|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/who-is-zaheer-iqbal-know-all-about-sonakshi-sinhas-soon-to-be-husband-2551765-2024-06-11|work=India Today|access-date=14 June 2024|date=11 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> As advised by Bollywood icon [[Salman Khan]], Iqbal made his acting debut 2019 with ''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]'', opposite [[Pranutan Bahl]], where he portrayed an ex-army officer and a Kashmiri teacher, Kabir Kaul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Notebook 2019 Full Movie|url=https://primevideo.com/detail?gti=amzn1.dv.gti.06b5206f-5678-0788-daca-a6ca502150b0&amp;ref_=atv_dp_share_mv&amp;r=web|date=June 2019|accessdate=1 July 2019|website=Amazon Prime Video}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zaheer Iqbal Age, Wife, Education, Biography |url=https://pakfed.com/zaheer-iqbal-age-wife-education-bio/ |website=Pakfed |date=10 August 2024 |accessdate=14 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' noted, &quot;Zaheer Iqbal is quite sincere. Despite his tough look, he plays the vulnerable part very well and comes across as quite endearing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Notebook Movie Review: The boasts of exemplary performances and is beautifully shot |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/notebook/critic-review/notebook-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=28 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Charu Thakur of ''[[India Today]]'' states, &quot;Keeping with the simplicity of their characters, Pranutan and Zaheer bring out the innocence they are required to&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thakur |first1=Charu |title=Notebook Movie Review: Salman Khan launches Zaheer Iqbal and Pranutan Bahl in a stunning romance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/notebook-movie-review-salman-khan-launches-zaheer-iqbal-and-pranutan-bahl-in-a-stunning-romance-1489083-2019-03-29 |website=India Today |date=29 March 2019 |accessdate=30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zaheer Iqbal and Pranutan Bahl's Notebook Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/notebook/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=29 March 2019 |accessdate=21 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Iqbal next portrayed a London-based line producer Zorawar Rahmani in the 2022 film, ''[[Double XL]]'' opposite [[Sonakshi Sinha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Double XL' review: A baggy self-empowerment yarn |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1036313/double-xl-review-a-baggy-self-empowerment-yarn |access-date=28 January 2023 |work=Scroll.in |date=4 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film received negative reviews and Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' stated that he &quot;hogs up&quot; screen time pulling Salman impressions from the ’90s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Double XL movie review: Another social comedy that misses the bus |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/Nov/09/double-xl-movie-review-another-social-comedy-that-misses-the-bus-2516100.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=9 November 2022 |accessdate=29 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Zaheer started dating [[Sonakshi Sinha]] in 2017. They starred together in the film ''[[Double XL]]'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sonakshi Sinha poses with boyfriend Zaheer Iqbal, blushes as paps ask 'Shaadi Kab Hai'; Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sonakshi-sinha-poses-with-boyfriend-zaheer-iqbal-blushes-as-paps-ask-shaadi-kab-hai-watch-8064283.html |accessdate=14 June 2023 |website=News18 India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Did Arpita Khan just confirm Sonakshi Sinha and Zaheer Iqbal's relationship? - Deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-arpita-khan-just-confirm-sonakshi-sinha-and-zaheer-iqbals-relationship-deets-inside/articleshow/99763775.cms |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He married her on 23 June 2024 in a [[civil ceremony]] under the [[Special Marriage Act]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sonakshi-sinha-and-zaheer-iqbal-share-first-pics-and-love-story-after-marriage-on-this-day-7-years-back-101719153335419.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 June 2024 |title=Sonakshi Sinha and Zaheer Iqbal share first pics and love story after marriage: 'On this day 7 years back…'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sonakshi Sinha poses with boyfriend Zaheer Iqbal, blushes as paps ask 'Shaadi Kab Hai'; Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sonakshi-sinha-poses-with-boyfriend-zaheer-iqbal-blushes-as-paps-ask-shaadi-kab-hai-watch-8064283.html |accessdate=14 June 2023 |website=News18 India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Did Arpita Khan just confirm Sonakshi Sinha and Zaheer Iqbal's relationship? - Deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-arpita-khan-just-confirm-sonakshi-sinha-and-zaheer-iqbals-relationship-deets-inside/articleshow/99763775.cms |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sonakshi Sinha-Zaheer Iqbal Wedding: The One With Shatrughan Sinha And The Ladkiwale |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sonakshi-sinha-zaheer-iqbal-wedding-the-one-with-shatrughan-sinha-and-the-ladkiwale-5951900 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class =&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class =&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]''<br /> | Kabir Kaul<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/notebook-poster-salman-khan-introduces-nutan-s-granddaughter-pranutan-zaheer-iqbal-see-pic/story-gUR8vjwvFFyvYeUrBWe92I.html|title=Notebook poster: Salman Khan introduces Nutan's granddaughter Pranutan Bahl and Zaheer Iqbal|website=Hindustan Times|date=14 February 2019|access-date=25 May 2019}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''[[Double XL]]''<br /> | Zorawar Rehmani<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zaheer-iqbal-on-double-xl-i-think-this-film-reflects-sonakshi-and-humas-personal-journeys-11546991.html|title=Zaheer Iqbal on Double XL: I think this film reflects Sonakshi and Huma's personal journeys|website=Firstpost|access-date=31 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> | ''[[Ruslaan]]''<br /> | Raheel<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Music video appearances===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Singer(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class =&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | &quot;Blockbuster&quot;<br /> | [[Ammy Virk]] and [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 September 2022 |title='Blockbuster' song out: Electric chemistry between Sonakshi Sinha and Zaheer Iqbal is refreshing |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/blockbuster-song-electric-chemistry-sonakshi-sinha-zaheer-iqbal-refreshing-watch/ |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|10180702}}<br /> *{{Instagram|iamzahero}}<br /> {{Commons}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> [[Category:1988 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Iqbal, Zaheer}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajiv_Gandhi_Grameen_Vidyutikaran_Yojana&diff=528684 2026-01-11T02:12:46Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox government agency<br /> | name = Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)<br /> | logo = Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) logo.jpg<br /> | formed = 2005<br /> | motto = Switch On India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana''' (RGGVY) or Rural Electricity Infrastructure and Household Electrification Scheme was launched in 2005 with the aim to provide electricity to all rural areas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana{{!}} National Portal of India|url=https://www.india.gov.in/rajiv-gandhi-grameen-vidyutikaran-yojana|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.india.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, an amount of Rs. 198.98 crore was sanctioned to the [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]] (GTA) under this scheme which was later renamed as [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana|Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana]] and recently as &quot;[[Saubhagya scheme|saubhagya]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Fully' electrified Darjeeling|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/fully-electrified-darjeeling/cid/1794989|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; This scheme aimed at electrifying all villages and habitations, Providing access to electricity to all rural households andProviding electricity connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families free of charge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana|url=https://data.gov.in/keywords/rajiv-gandhi-grameen-vidyutikaran-yojana|access-date=2022-01-18|website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To augment resource capacities for implementation of this scheme, Ministry of Power, [[Government of India|Govt. of India]] involved CPSUs like [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]], [[NHPC Limited|NHPC]], [[Power Grid Corporation of India|PGCIL]] and DVC for making available their project management expertise and capabilities to the states willing to use their services.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Damodar Valley Corporation {{!}} RAJIV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA|url=https://www.dvc.gov.in/dvcwebsite_new1/478-2/rajiv-gandhi-grameen-vidyutikaran-yojana/|access-date=2022-01-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anyishi Youth Association (ANYA) claimed that there were scams involved the CM under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) scheme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|author=Yuvraj Mehta |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Arunachal youth body alleges multi-crore graft by CM Pema Khandu, family|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anya-pema-khandu-corruption-arunachal-pradesh-forest-department-funds-1887059-2021-12-13|access-date=2022-01-18|magazine=India Today|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> As in April 2015, only 910 villages were yet to be electrified, accounting for 5% of India's un-electrified villages excluding some uninhabited villages but around 35 million households i.e., approximately 11% of the total rural households were yet to be electrified.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tyagi|first=Saswata Chaudhury, Bhawna|date=2018-04-19|title=The welfare effects of rural electrification|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZQZyfQhcZMBfmxCDLZ3bWI/The-welfare-effects-of-rural-electrification.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last of these remote villages were connected to the grid in the early 2020s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 December 2025 |title=Two Hungry Elephants|url=https://goldandrevolution.com/two-hungry-elephants/ |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=Gold and Revolution |language=en |last = Fresne|first = Patrick}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rural society in India]]<br /> [[Category:Electrification]]<br /> [[Category:Rural electrification]]<br /> [[Category:Welfare]]<br /> [[Category:Welfare in India]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srivedya_Gurazada&diff=537253 2026-01-05T22:15:58Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new basic entry with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American badminton player (born 2002)}}<br /> {{Infobox badminton player<br /> | name = Srivedya Gurazada<br /> | country = India (2019–2022)&lt;br /&gt;United States (2022–present)<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2002|08|15}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S.<br /> | height =<br /> | weight =<br /> | years_active =<br /> | handedness =<br /> | coach =<br /> | event = Women's singles, women's doubles, mixed doubles<br /> | highest_ranking = 34 (WD with [[Ishika Jaiswal]], 17 January 2023)&lt;br /&gt;97 (XD with T. Hema Nagendra Babu, 15 Nov 2022)&lt;br /&gt;167 (WS, 15 Nov 2022)<br /> | current_ranking = 34 (WD with Ishika Jaiswal)&lt;br /&gt;129 (XD with T. Hema Nagendra Babu)&lt;br /&gt;160 (WS)<br /> | date_of_current_ranking = 17 January 2023<br /> | bwfbadminton_id = 96531<br /> | bwf_id = DE993A81-3124-4B1A-86AE-C9055417C651<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Srivedya Gurazada''' (born 15 August 2002) is an American [[badminton]] player. She trains at the Chetan Anand Badminton Academy in [[Hyderabad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=All England Open Badminton Championships 2022 |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/all-england-open-badminton-championships-2022-india-live-streaming-telecast |publisher=Olympics |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322091441/https://olympics.com/en/news/all-england-open-badminton-championships-2022-india-live-streaming-telecast |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Looking at the making of an Olympic aspirant in this 19-year-old Hyderabadi |url=https://www.edexlive.com/happening/2021/sep/08/making-of-an-olympic-aspirant-in-this-19-year-old-hyderabadi-23846.html |website=Edex Live |access-date=2022-02-12 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212043816/https://www.edexlive.com/happening/2021/sep/08/making-of-an-olympic-aspirant-in-this-19-year-old-hyderabadi-23846.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Subrahmanyam |first1=V. V. |title=Srivedya eyes greater glories after Syed Modi runner-up finish |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/syed-modi-badminton-international-srivedya-g-mixed-doubles-covid-wave-sports/article38319308.ece |website=Sportstar |access-date=2022-02-12 |archive-date=2022-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423030102/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/syed-modi-badminton-international-srivedya-g-mixed-doubles-covid-wave-sports/article38319308.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=From Boston to Hyderabad to back in the US: Srivedya leaves India in quest for Olympics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/from-boston-to-hyderabad-to-back-in-the-us-srivedya-gurazada-leaves-india-in-quest-for-olympics-101674188367500.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322065051/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/from-boston-to-hyderabad-to-back-in-the-us-srivedya-gurazada-leaves-india-in-quest-for-olympics-101674188367500.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; She formerly represented India and won her first BWF title in women's doubles at [[Mexican Open (badminton)|Mexico Open]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; in 2021.<br /> <br /> == Achievements ==<br /> === BWF World Tour (1 runner-up) ===<br /> The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]] (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super&amp;nbsp;1000, Super&amp;nbsp;750, Super&amp;nbsp;500, Super&amp;nbsp;300 and the BWF Tour Super&amp;nbsp;100.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=https://bwfworldtour.bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Mixed doubles''<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Tournament<br /> ! Level<br /> ! Partner<br /> ! Opponent<br /> ! Score<br /> ! Result<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2022 Syed Modi International#Finals 5|2022]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Syed Modi International Badminton Championships|Syed Modi International]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | Super 300<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} [[T. Hema Nagendra Babu]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | 16–21, 12–21<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left; background:white&quot; | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 1 runner-up)===<br /> <br /> ''Women's doubles''<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Tournament<br /> ! Partner<br /> ! Opponent<br /> ! Score<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Ref<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#D5D5D5&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 2021<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Mexican Open (badminton)|Mexican Open]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Crystal Lai]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexandra Mocanu]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | 20–22, 21–17 21–16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left; background:white&quot; | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center; background:white&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Manne|last=Ratnakar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/srivedya-wins-womens-double-title-at-mexico-international/articleshow/88257368.cms|title=Srivedya wins women's doubles title at Mexico International|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 December 2021|access-date=26 December 2021|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422023349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/srivedya-wins-womens-double-title-at-mexico-international/articleshow/88257368.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#D5D5D5&quot;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2022<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Cameroon International]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kasturi Radhakrishnan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Venosha Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | 21–12, 21–14<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left; background:white&quot; | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center; background:white&quot; | <br /> |- style=&quot;background:#D5D5D5&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 2023<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Mauritius International]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|USA}} Ishika Jaiswal<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Natsumi Takasaki]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Mai Tanabe]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | 4–21, 14–21<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left; background:white&quot; | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center; background:white&quot; | <br /> |}<br /> : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament<br /> : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament<br /> : {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Sports links}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gurazada, Srivedya}}<br /> [[Category:2002 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Boston]]<br /> [[Category:American female badminton players]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female badminton players]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:American emigrants to India]]<br /> [[Category:American expatriates in India]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Telugu descent]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Shrine&diff=523245 2025-11-29T08:32:14Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating A Data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{distinguish|Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine, Villianur|Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto Shrine, San Jose del Monte}}<br /> {{Infobox church<br /> | name = Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine <br /> | fullname = <br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | pushpin map = Tamil Nadu <br /> | pushpin label position =<br /> | pushpin map alt =<br /> | pushpin mapsize =<br /> | map caption = Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine, [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13|06|32.8|N|80|14|27.0|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | location = [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic church]]<br /> | website = http://www.lourdesshrineperambur.org<br /> | bull date =<br /> | founded date =<br /> | founder =<br /> | dedication = [[Our Lady of Lourdes]]<br /> | dedicated date =<br /> | consecrated date =<br /> | cult =<br /> | relics =<br /> | events =<br /> | status = [[Parish church]]<br /> | functional status = Active<br /> | architect =<br /> | architectural type = [[Chapel]]<br /> | style = [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]<br /> | groundbreaking =<br /> | completed date =<br /> | demolished date =<br /> | capacity =<br /> | parish = Perambur<br /> | archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore]]<br /> | archbishop =<br /> | priestincharge =<br /> | rector =<br /> | asstpriest =<br /> | chaplain =<br /> | logo =<br /> | logosize =<br /> | logolink =<br /> | logoalt =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine''' is a [[Catholic Church|Catholic church]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]].<br /> == Location ==<br /> It is located in [[Perambur]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-04-20 |title=A shrine's the find now |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/a-shrines-the-find-now/article5928979.ece |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chennai]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-12-18 |title=Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine – Perambur -Chennai Churches- catholic churches.in |url=https://catholicchurches.in/directory/chennai-churches/our-lady-of-lourdes-shrine-perambur.htm |access-date=2023-11-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Tamil Nadu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine - Catholic church - Chennai - Tamil Nadu |url=https://yappe.in/tamil-nadu/chennai/our-lady-of-lourdes-church/82279 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=yappe.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; with the [[Coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] of {{coord|13|06|32.8|N|80|14|27.0|E}} at an altitude of 34.23&amp;nbsp;m above the mean sea level. [[File:St.Lourd's Church Perambur.jpg|thumb|chennai perambur roman catholic church]]<br /> == Details ==<br /> This is the first shrine in India dedicated to [[Our Lady of Lourdes]]. This church is considered to be a replica of the Basilica at [[Lourdes]] in [[France]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=S. Muthiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbR_LLkqdI8C&amp;q=our%2520lady%2520of%2520lourdes%2520shrine%2520perambur&amp;pg=PA167 |title=Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India |date=2008 |publisher=Palaniappa Brothers |isbn=978-81-8379-468-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Shrine&amp;params=13_06_32.8_N_80_14_27.0_E_type:landmark_region:IN GeoHack - Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Churches in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Tamil Nadu]] <br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-RC-church-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinaki_%26_Happy_%E2%80%93_The_Bhoot_Bandhus&diff=525536 2025-11-27T02:15:40Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: Creating New Stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian animated series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Bhoot Bandhus.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | alt_name = <br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | genre = [[Animated]], [[comedy]], [[Horror genre|horror]]<br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|work|author}} --&gt;<br /> | inspired_by = &lt;!-- {{Based on|work|author}} --&gt;<br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = [[Gulzar]] (title track)<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | director = '''Nitish Kumar'''<br /> | creative_director = <br /> | presenter = &lt;!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --&gt;<br /> | starring = &lt;!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --&gt;<br /> | judges = &lt;!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --&gt;<br /> | voices = Sonal Kaushal<br /> &lt;br /&gt;Rajesh Kava &lt;br /&gt;Manoj Pandey &lt;br /&gt;Aranya Kaur &lt;br /&gt;Pawan Kalra &lt;br /&gt;Meghna Erande &lt;br /&gt;Bhakti Jhaveri &lt;br /&gt;Pooja Punjabi &lt;br /&gt;Samarth Korde &lt;br /&gt;Saudamini &lt;br /&gt; Rajesh Shukla<br /> | narrated = <br /> | theme_music_composer = Simaab Sen<br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;br&gt;Tamil&lt;br&gt;Telugu&lt;br&gt;Malayalam&lt;br&gt;Marathi&lt;br&gt;Kannada&lt;br&gt;Bengali<br /> | num_seasons = &lt;!-- Or num_series. Increment when new seasons/series begin. See template documentation for more info. --&gt;<br /> | num_episodes = &lt;!-- Value is incremented when new episodes air. See template documentation for more info. --&gt;<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Tavrohi Animations<br /> | news_editor = &lt;!-- Content editor or editors of a current affairs/political show such as Newsnight. --&gt;<br /> | location = &lt;!-- Nation the series was primarily filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. --&gt;<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | animator = <br /> | editor = &lt;!-- Film editors --&gt;<br /> | camera = &lt;!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera --&gt;<br /> | runtime = &lt;!-- Reliable source required --&gt;<br /> | company = Tavrohi Animations Private Limited<br /> | budget = <br /> | network = [[Nickelodeon Sonic]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|11|09}}<br /> | last_aired = &lt;!-- {{End date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;<br /> | related = &lt;!-- To be used only for remakes, spin-offs, and adaptations --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Pinaki &amp; Happy – The Bhoot Bandhus''''' is an Indian [[animated]] television series directed by '''Nitish Kumar''' and premiered on the Nickelodeon Sonic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon announces new IP 'Pinaki &amp; Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus' |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/nickelodeon-announces-new-ip-happy-pinaki-the-bhoot-bandhus/79038360 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Meet Pinaki and Happy |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/show-time/tellytale-tellytale-2020-11-08.html |date=25 January 2021 |newspaper=[[Daily Pioneer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Never seen before Bhoot in &quot;Happy &amp; Pinaki- The Bhoot Bandhus&quot; on SONIC |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/never-seen-before-bhoot-in-happy-pinaki-the-bhoot-bandhus-on-sonic_170868 |publisher=India Forums |date=9 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series showcases the story of an unusual family of ghosts who adopt a boy named Pinaki and raise him as one of their own.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Sharmindrila |title=Year Ender: New animated shows that kept kids broadcasters afloat in 2020 |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/year-ender-new-animated-shows-that-kept-kids-broadcasters-afloat-in-2020/ |publisher=AnimationXpress.com |date=5 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=10 Bollywood Actors Who Would Perfectly Personify these Iconic Toons on the Big Screen |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/10-bollywood-actors-who-would-perfectly-personify-these-iconic-toons-on-the-big-screen-3100466.html |publisher=[[News18]] |date=20 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is produced by Tavrohi Animations. The lyrics for the title track of the series are written by poet and lyricist [[Gulzar]], and the music is created by Simaab Sen.&lt;ref name=As&gt;{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon invests in another local IP; announces spooky series 'Happy &amp; Pinaki - The Bhoot Bandhus' |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/nickelodeon-invests-in-another-local-ip-announces-spooky-series-happy-pinaki-the-bhoot-bandhus#:~:text=Viacom18's%20kids%20broadcasting%20arm%20will,%2C%20spooky%2C%20combined%20with%20comedy. |publisher=Afaqs |date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhor |first1=Vivek |title=अद्वितीय शो 'हॅप्‍पी ॲण्‍ड पिनाकी' : मानवांना मदत करणाऱ्या अभूतपूर्व भूताला पाहा 'दि भूत बंधूस'मध्‍ये |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/entertainment-news-marathi/unique-show-happy-and-pinaki-see-the-unprecedented-ghost-that-helps-humans-in-the-ghost-brothers-50052/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=Navarashtra |language=Marathi}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered on 9 November 2020.&lt;ref name=As/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Synopsis ==<br /> In the beautiful town of Modern City in India, there is a haunted house named Vibhooti Mansion. What's not known to the people is that there is an eleven year old human kid named Pinaki who lives among the ghosts. As a baby, Pinaki was found on the doorstep of the mansion, along with a note that he must be protected by the people who live in it.<br /> <br /> The family of ghosts, Col. Chiku Suri is the head of the family with his lovely wife, Bubbly Suri, who loves to cook some odd dishes, Happy as a Big Brother to Pinaki and Gappu as a cute-little-talking-dog. The ghost family adopt Pinaki and raise him as one of their own. Time flies, all these years Pinaki has been kept within the safe boundaries of the mansion until one day things take a turn when the protagonist decides to step out to see the outside world and pursue further education in Modern City's famous public school. The family has no choice but to come out of the haunted house for the first time in a decade. Thus begins the spooky adventures of Pinaki and his ghost family followed by a series of fun and slapstick comedy as they try to fit in the outside world. Pinaki ends up resolving all their conflicts with the humans and balancing all the time keeping his family's hidden identity intact.&lt;ref name=Characters/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Characters==<br /> * '''Pinaki (Voiced by [[Sonal Kaushal]])'''- He is an eleven-year-old smart, and well-learned kid, who has been brought up by his unusual family of ghosts. Things take a turn when he gets admission to a local school and interacts with humans. Pinaki is also a bit naughty and generally works towards making things go in his favor. He tries his best to balance his life between school and his family of ghosts. He is very attentive in class and scores well at school. He is his teacher's favorite.&lt;ref name=Characters&gt;{{cite web |title=Pinaki &amp; Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus |url=https://www.sonicgang.com/shows/bhootbandhus/ |website=Sonicgang.com |access-date=9 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Happy (Voiced by [[Rajesh Kava]])'''- He is like an elder brother to Pinaki. They both have a very friendly equation. He is the youngest and funniest ghost in the family, almost like [[Johnny Bravo]]. He is 18 years old. He is an over-the-top, dramatic teen. Most of the time his silly mistakes end up escalating the problems. He loves singing and speaks funny one-liners, cracks jokes, and makes everyone laugh.<br /> * '''Gappu (Voiced by [[Meghana Erande]])'''- The pet dog of Col. Suri. Ever since he became a ghost, he realized that he could talk like humans. He is a scientist at heart and loves to invent new ''Bhootiya'' (Ghostly) gadgets to help himself and the family.<br /> * '''Col. Vibhuti Suri / Uncle Suri / Chikoo (Voiced by Manoj Pandey)'''- He is the senior-most ghost of the family. He takes decisions and maintains discipline in the mansion like any [[Army colonel]]. However, when it comes to the reputation of the family or ghost community or the safety of one of his own, he can bend the rules and go all out. His mummy calls him Chikoo.<br /> * '''Mrs. Bubbly Suri / Aunty Suri (Voiced by Aranya Kaur)'''- She is the wife of Col. Suri. She is very firm and strong in nature, yet too kind towards our protagonist Pinaki. She loves him from her soul. She loves to cook and thinks she is a great cook. She likes to cook some odd dishes that generally taste bad. Everyone is scared of her cooking as she keeps inventing weird recipes.<br /> * '''Shantu (Voiced by Rajesh Shukla)'''- He is another one of Pinaki's classmates. He is a snarky kid and a bully as well. He loves to pick on Pinaki because after his admission of his school, he loses his first spot in sports and games, and since then, he has developed a grudge and tries to be troublesome to him, which always goes awry.<br /> * '''Chintu and Mintu (Voiced by Samarth Korde/Asmita Dabhole and Saudamini)'''- They are the sidekicks of Shantu. They feed him information that he needs and they also support him. They also execute his devious antics. Mintu is the one who encounters paranormal activity most of the time, but no one believes him, not even his twin brother, Chintu.<br /> * '''Dheeru Sir (Voiced by [[Pawan Kalra]])'''- He is Pinaki's class teacher. He is middle aged and speaks with a Bihari accent. He is a bit laid back about everything. He is fond of Pinaki. He also makes funny sounds when he falls asleep.&lt;ref name=Characters/&gt;<br /> * '''Sohail (Voiced by Pooja Punjabi)'''- He is one of Pinaki's classmates and his first best friend. He is also scared of things sometimes, but whenever the kids are in trouble or feel like things don't go their way, he starts talking very fast, extremely fast.<br /> * '''Dimpy (Voiced by Bhakti Jhaveri)'''- She is also one of Pinaki's classmates and his second-best friend. She is one of the most courageous girls anyone can come across and is always up for an adventure.<br /> * '''Principal Sir (Voiced by [[Pawan Kalra]])'''- He is the principal of Pinaki's school.<br /> *'''Aisha'''- She is the elder sister of Sohail and a detective.<br /> * '''Miss Meeti'''- She is the science teacher of Pinaki's school. When Shantu makes disturbance in her classes, she gives him big punishments, such as write an esay on Rocket and Shantu's Mom, in 2999 words, and make experiments 1099 times!<br /> *'''Cap Uncle''' - He is a fake real estate agent. He fakes others by telling them to rent their houses. He is an enemy of Pinaki and his ghost family. He always tries to destroy Vibhooti Mansion, but he could never do that because Pinaki and his ghost family always stopped him from doing so.<br /> *'''Naani''' - She is Bubbly's Mother Ghost. She hates Pinaki in the beginning. Later She realizes his kindness and forgiveness and supports him.<br /> *'''Bhoot Baby''' - He is Bubbly's Friend's Baby Ghost. He always uses his bhoot power to give trouble to Pinaki, Happy, and Gappu.<br /> <br /> == Broadcast ==<br /> The series has been aired on [[Nickelodeon Sonic]] since November 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Be ready for an immersive experience with Pinaki &amp; Happy: Nina Elavia Jaipuria |url=https://www.adgully.com/be-ready-for-an-immersive-experience-with-pinaki-happy-nina-elavia-jaipuria-98060.html |publisher=Adgully |date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has entered the Top 10 of the kids' category.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=#Throwback2020: Investing in better content is our asset |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/throwback2020-investing-in-better-content-is-our-asset-210114 |publisher=Indian Television |date=14 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A TV movie, ''Bhoot Bandhus &amp; the Power of Three'', was broadcast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nickelodeon India's Sonic to Host 'Zig &amp; Sharko Celebration Week' |url=https://www.nickalive.net/2024/12/nickelodeon-indias-sonic-to-host-zig.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818020119/https://www.nickalive.net/2024/12/nickelodeon-indias-sonic-to-host-zig.html |archive-date=2025-08-18 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=www.nickalive.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Animation|India|Television}}<br /> <br /> {{Children television series in India}}<br /> {{India Animation Industry}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt13842442}}<br /> * [https://www.sonicgang.com/shows/bhootbandhus/ Official website] ([[Nickelodeon Sonic]])<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pinaki and Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus}}<br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Animated television series about children]]<br /> [[Category:Animated television series about ghosts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian children's animated comedy television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian computer-animation]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television spinoffs]]<br /> [[Category:Nickelodeon (Indian TV channel) original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Nickelodeon original programming]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shallabugh&diff=534439 2025-11-14T08:09:54Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> {{Short description|Village in Kashmir}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = '''Shallabugh'''<br /> |official_name = Shallabugh/Shalla Bug<br /> |settlement_type = Tourist Village<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_type = <br /> | image_skyline = Shallabugh_Playground.png<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Shallabugh Playground<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<br /> | pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|34.16792|N|74.73832|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_footnotes = <br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]]<br /> | established_title = <br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | chief_minister = <br /> | leader_title1 =<br /> | Governor = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 5,229<br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 =<br /> | population_demonym = Shalbuguk or Shalbugi <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> |url = <br /> |title = <br /> |work = <br /> |publisher = <br /> |date = <br /> |accessdate = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] &amp; <br /> English<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 191131 <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = JK-16<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 =<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = <br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank2_info_sec1 =<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shallabugh''' is a [[tourist village]] in [[Sherpathri]], a [[Block (district subdivision)|block]] of Tullamulla [[tehsil]] of Central Kashmir's [[Ganderbal district]] in the [[union territory of Jammu and Kashmir]],<br /> India.<br /> <br /> == Location ==<br /> Shallabugh village is considered [[Sherpathri]]'s largest village, spanning two rivers in [[Kashmir]]. The total area of Shallabugh is 2243.6 hectares. The main village, Shallabugh-A, rests along the [[Sind River]] and includes Addah Mohalla, Mokdam Mohalla, Astan Mohalla, Umar Colony, Shah-e-Hamdan Colony, Sama Mohalla, Khanday Mohallah, Laway Mohalla, Tul Mohalla, Pethkundal, and [[Paribal Shallabugh|Paribal]]. Shallabugh-B, locally known as Taken Wari Pora or Pati-Shallabugh, is situated along the [[Jehlum River]] and comprises Dar Mohalla, Khan Mohalla, Gori Mohalla, Gund-Roshan, and Gaasi Mohalla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Officers Directory - Shallabugh-A Panchayat |url=https://jkpanchayat.jk.gov.in/officersdirectory.php?panchayat=Shallabugh-A |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Jammu and Kashmir Panchayat Raj}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> <br /> The name &quot;Shallabugh&quot; has originated from the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] words (شالہٕ بۆگ) where “Shaal” (شال), means [[golden jackal]], and “Bugh” (بۆگ), meaning garden or orchard. In Kashmiri [[toponymy]], &quot;Bugh&quot; is a common [[suffix]] used to denote areas associated with greenery, plantations, or cultivated land. Hence, &quot;Shaalbugh&quot; can be interpreted as “the garden of golden jackals.” The area is covered with dense plantations that served as a habitat for golden jackals, which preyed on [[waterfowl]] and domestic [[poultry]], often causing distress to the local population. The name eventually evolved into its Urdunised form &quot;Shallabugh&quot; (also spelled as &quot;Shalla Bug&quot;) (شالہ بگ), as commonly used in administrative and written records.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Syed |title=Ecological Importance and Current Status of Shallabugh Wetland |url=https://www.irjmets.com/uploadedfiles/paper//issue_1_january_2025/66066/final/fin_irjmets1736497639.pdf |website=International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science (IRJMETS) |date=January 2025 |access-date=2025-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Shallabugh Wetland]]<br /> *[[Sind River]]<br /> *[[Jehlum River]]<br /> *[[Anchar Lake]]<br /> *[[Ganderbal District]]<br /> *[[Sherpathri]]<br /> *[[Srinagar District]]<br /> *[[Paribal Shallabugh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Ganderbal district]]<br /> <br /> {{India-geo-stub}}</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swami_Aseemanand&diff=467968 2025-11-13T07:24:28Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: cleanup formatting further and improved wording based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Hindu nationalist, terror accused|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{original research|date=November 2016}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=November 2016}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use Indian English |date=November 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> |birth_name = Naba Kumar Sarkar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/87120206/ | title=Naba Kumar Sarkar vs National Investigation Agency on 28 August, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |image_caption = <br /> |other_names = Jiten Chatterje, Omkarnath<br /> |image = <br /> |birth_date = <br /> |birth_place = Kamarpukar, [[Hooghly district, West Bengal]], India<br /> |death_date = <br /> |death_place = <br /> |successor = <br /> |party = <br /> |boards = <br /> |spouse = <br /> |partner = <br /> |children = <br /> |father = Bibhutibhushan Sarkar<br /> |mother = Pramila Sarkar<br /> |relations = <br /> |callsign = <br /> |signature = <br /> |website = <br /> |footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Swami Aseemanand''' (born '''Naba Kumar Sarkar''') is a self-proclaimed monk and a former Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activist&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-04-16 |title=Who is Swami Aseemanand? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/who-is-swami-aseemanand/article23556242.ece |access-date=2025-01-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; who was accused in the [[Ajmer Dargah bombing]], [[Mecca Masjid blast]], and the [[2007 Samjhauta Express bombings]]—&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/politics-features/swami-aseemanand-myth-of-the-monk-who-preached-terror/|title=Swami Aseemanand: Myth of the Monk Who Preached Terror|date=19 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/believer|title=Swami Aseemanand's radical service to the Sangh|last=Reghunath|first=Leena Gita|date=February 2014|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en|access-date=2019-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/perspectives/pacification-swami-aseemanand|title=How one non-violent Muslim changed the heart of the ideologue of Hindu bombers|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=March 2011|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; before being acquitted of all charges.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindustantimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/samjhauta-express-blast-nia-court-acquits-all-accused-including-aseemanand/story-UICq9OHZFmd2799Ntm0cxM.html|title=Swami Aseemanand, 3 others acquitted in 2007 Samjhauta Express bombing case|date=2019-03-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Aseemanand hailed from [[West Bengal]] and was a post-graduate in [[botany]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-04-16 |title=Who is Swami Aseemanand? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/who-is-swami-aseemanand/article23556242.ece |access-date=2025-07-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was inducted into [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu]] organisation, and then joined [[Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 December 2014 |title=Who is Swami Aseemanand? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-who-is-swami-aseemanand-2014500 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Daily News and Analysis |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After being arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], on cues from a primary suspect he recorded a confession, in which he admitted to committing the attacks. He was subsequently charged by the NIA;&lt;ref name=&quot;tehelka&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=Ne150111Coverstory.asp |title=In the words of a zealot |publisher=Tehelka |date=15 January 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-19 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104224803/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=Ne150111Coverstory.asp |archive-date=4 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aseemanand alleged custodial pressure behind the confessions and rejected any involvement.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Confessed-involuntarily-and-under-duress-Samjhauta-blast-accused-Aseemanand/articleshow/8270299.cms |title=Confessed involuntarily and under duress: Samjhauta blast accused Aseemanand - Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=12 May 2011 |access-date=2016-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; NIA Special court accepted his claim, and went on to rule that the prosecutors had failed to prove their case, otherwise.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nia-court-saw-no-merit-in-aseemanands-confession/article23654734.ece |title=NIA court saw no merit in Aseemanand's 'confession'|work=The Hindu|date=24 April 2018 |accessdate=2019-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nia-court-saw-no-merit-in-aseemanands-confession/article23654734.ece |title='Aseemanand's confession was not voluntary'|work=The Hindu|date=21 April 2018 |accessdate=2019-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2014, a controversy erupted over interviews given by Swami Aseemanand to an advocate-reporter of ''[[The Caravan]]'' magazine while in [[Ambala]] Central Jail.&lt;ref name=&quot;Outlook India&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/totally-false-and-fabricated/289462 |title=Totally False And Fabricated|publisher=Outlook India |date=7 February 2014 |accessdate=2019-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/what-aseemanand-allegedly-said-about-narendra-modi-rss-and-terror-480088 |title=What Aseemanand allegedly said about Narendra Modi, RSS and terror |publisher=NDTV |date=6 February 2014 |accessdate=2014-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aseemanand claimed the contents of the interview to be faked which were based on a sting-operation and threatened legal action; the magazine rejected the charges and released transcripts alleged to be of the interviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/swami-aseemanand-interviews|title=The transcripts of all four interviews with Aseemanand|website=The Caravan|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/rss-terror-charges-aseemanand-threatens-to-sue-caravan-scribe-1379939.html|title=RSS terror charges: Aseemanand threatens to sue Caravan scribe|website=Firstpost|date=8 February 2014|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aseemanand-threatens-to-launch-legal-action-against-the-caravan/article5665317.ece|title=Aseemanand threatens to launch legal action against The Caravan|date=2014-02-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Add Aseemanand's reply here --&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Aseemanand was born Naba Kumar Sarkar in [[Kamarpukur|Kamarpukar]] located in the [[Hooghly district]] of [[West Bengal]]. (Over time he also used the aliases Jiten Chatterjee&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/a-friend-remembers-terror-suspect-swami-aseemanand/20110118.htm|title=Swami Aseemanand, as I know him|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Omkarnath.) His father was Bibhutibhushan Sarkar, a noted freedom fighter, and his mother is Pramila Sarkar.&lt;ref name=Jaffrelot&gt;{{cite journal |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=Paradigm Shifts by the RSS? Lessons from Aseemanand's Confession |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=XLVI |number=6 |date=5 February 2011 |pages=42–46 |url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2011/06/perspectives/paradigm-shifts-rss-lessons-aseemanands-confession.html |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |title=My son has been framed, says Aseemananda's mother |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/my-son-has-been-framed-says-aseemanandas-mother/716816/0 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 November 2010 |accessdate=2016-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is one of seven brothers.<br /> <br /> His name Aseemanand was courtesy his guru, Swami Parmanand, in whose ashram in [[Bangramanjeshwar]] of [[Bardhaman]] Aseemanand stayed till 1988.&lt;ref name=asianage&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asianage.com/india/terror-has-new-colour-448 |title=Terror has a new colour |publisher=The Asian Age |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-19 |archive-date=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406122241/http://www.asianage.com/india/terror-has-new-colour-448 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activities in the Dangs district ==<br /> In 1993, he came to the headquarters of VKA in Jaspurnagar in [[Chhattisgarh]]. After two years, Aseemanand was sent to [[Dang district, India|Dangs district]] of [[Gujarat]] to work with tribals in the area. Local tribals told him that [[Shabari]], from the ''[[Ramayana]]'', had lived in their forests, which influenced Swami Aseemanand to build a Shabari temple there.&lt;ref name=asianage/&gt; He was quite popular among Dang tribals. When Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram shunted him out of Dang over some controversy, the tribals refused to cooperate and he had to be brought back to placate them.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff.com&quot;/&gt; &quot;We demolished thirty churches and built temples. There was some commotion.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;swamiquote&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Forcible conversion of Christians===<br /> [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that Aseemanand played a huge role in the [[1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat]], where dozens of churches were burnt down or damaged. The Human rights watch also credited him with the &quot;Unai hot springs conversion ritual&quot; whereby Christian tribals in the district were taken to Asheemanand's ashram and then to the hot springs in Unai, where they were made to forcibly convert to Hinduism. The fieldwork of this conversion ritual was mostly done by the [[Hindu Jagran Manch]]. The tribals were [[animism|animists]] before their conversion to Christianity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/indiachr/christians8-04.htm|title=IV. Violence in Gujarat|website=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a84b4.html|title=Politics by Other Means: Attacks Against Christians in India|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|website=Refworld|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; During an interview he claimed to have converted more than 40,000 people to Hinduism and demolished 30 churches in Dang district.&lt;ref name=&quot;swamiquote&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/how-sangh-conducted-its-ghar-vapsi-programmes-gujarat-dangs-district|title=How the Sangh conducted its ghar vapsi programmes in Gujarat's Dangs district|last=Caravan|first=The|website=The Caravan|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The RSS mouthpiece ''[[Organiser (magazine)|Organiser]]'' described him as &quot;hero of the Dangs&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aseemanand-s-journey-from-hero-of-dangs-to-terror-attacks-accused/story-J35Z9CSLxhl2QM66oUYy6L.html|title=Aseemanand's journey from 'hero of Dangs' to terror attacks accused|date=2018-04-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Allegations, arrest and acquittal==<br /> Rajasthan's anti-terrorist squad (ATS) arrested Devendra Gupta on 29 April in connection with 2007 Ajmer Dargah bombing. During the course of his interrogation, Gupta allegedly mentioned that it was Aseemanand and Sunil Joshi who had brought him into their fold and persuaded him to carry out the attacks on [[Ajmer Sharif]] and [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]]. Rajasthan ATS was led to track Aseemanand and he was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) on 19 November 2010 from an ashram in [[Haridwar]] in [[Uttarakhand]] for his alleged involvement in the Ajmer Sharief, Mecca Masjid and Samjhauta Express blasts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/terror-probe-cbi-arrests-aseemanand-in-haridwar/713573/1 |title=Terror probe: CBI arrests Aseemanand in Haridwar |work=The Indian Express|date=20 November 2010 |accessdate=2011-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/aseemanand-confessed-role-in-samjhauta-blast/734614 |title=Aseemanand confessed role in Samjhauta blast, claims probe |work=The Indian Express|date=7 January 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was charged in June 2011 by NIA for planning the blast. He was conditionally granted bail in 2015 in the blast case.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nia-ok-with-bail-for-aseemanand-in-samjhauta-express-terror-case-1206239|title = NIA Ok with Bail for Aseemanand in Samjhauta Express Terror Case}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a prolonged trial Swami Assemanand was acquitted in Ajmer dargah and Mecca Masjid blast cases by NIA Special Courts in March 2017 and April 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;IANS&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/acquitted-two-cases-aseemanand-still-faces-samjhauta-case-trial-79690|title=Acquitted in two cases, Aseemanand still faces Samjautha case trial|author=IANS|date=17 April 2018|accessdate=2019-03-20|publisher=The Newsminute|location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 20 March 2019, a NIA Special court acquitted all four accused including Swami Aseemanand in Samjhauta Express Blast case. &quot;The NIA Special Court has concluded that the investigating agency has failed to prove the conspiracy charge and ruled that accused deserve a benefit of doubt&quot;, NIA Counsel RK Handa said.&lt;ref name=TheIndependent.in&gt;{{cite web|url=http://theindependent.in/nia-fails-to-find-killers-of-68-samjhauta-express-passengers/|title=NIA fails to find killers of 68 Samjhauta Express passengers|website=TheIndependent.in|date=20 March 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aseemanand, Swami}}<br /> [[Category:People from Hooghly district]]<br /> [[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]<br /> [[Category:University of Burdwan alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian people imprisoned on terrorism charges]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu nationalists]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Samjhauta Express bombings]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]<br /> [[Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India]]</div>

Gretta18W5803957 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirukkural_translations_into_English&diff=541464 2025-10-20T19:33:40Z

<p>Gretta18W5803957: new some stub initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> {{Translation sidebar}}<br /> [[File:Tamil Wisdom, by Edward Jewitt Robinson, 1873.jpg|thumb|right|''Tamil Wisdom'', by [[Edward Jewitt Robinson]], 1873&lt;ref name=&quot;TamilWisdom&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Edward Jewitt Robinson |title=Tamil Wisdom; Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages, and Selections from their writings |url=https://archive.org/details/tamilwisdomtradi00robiuoft |year=1873 |publisher=Wesleyan Conference Office |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> '''[[Tirukkural]]''' remains [[List of literary works by number of translations|one of the most widely translated non-religious works]] in the world. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the [[English language]] alone. English, thus, continues to remain the language with most number of translations available of the Kural text.<br /> <br /> ==List of translations==<br /> Below is a list of English translations of the Tirukkural till date:&lt;ref name=&quot;Manavalan_Compendium&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Manavalan<br /> | first = A. A.<br /> | title = A Compendium of ''Tirukkural'' Translations in English<br /> | publisher = Central Institute of Classical Tamil<br /> | volume = 4 vols.<br /> | date = 2010<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | language = English<br /> | isbn = 978-81-908000-2-0<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{dynamic list}}<br /> {{row numbers|&lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !S.No.!!Year!!Translator(s)!!Title of the Translation!!Place of Publication!!Form!!Coverage!!Notes<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count ||1794||[[Nathaniel Edward Kindersley]]||''Specimens of Hindoo Literature''||[[London]] (W. Bulmer and Co.)||Verse||Selections||Made the first ever translation of the Kural text into English in a chapter titled 'Extracts from the Teroo-Vaulaver Kuddul, or, The Ocean of Wisdom' in his book ''Specimens of Hindoo Literature''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.106452<br /> | title = Specimens Of Hindu Literature <br /> | last = Kindersley <br /> | first = N. E. <br /> | date = 1794<br /> | website =<br /> | publisher =<br /> | access-date = 11 June 2017<br /> | quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count ||1812/1819||[[Francis Whyte Ellis]]||''Tirukkural''||||Verse and Prose||Selections||Translated 120 couplets in all—69 of them in verse and 51 in prose. Second edition published by University of Madras Press in 1955 as ''Tirukkural Ellis Commentary''<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count ||1840||[[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]]||''The Cural of Tiruvalluvar (Kural 1–630)''||[[Madurai]] (American Mission Press)||Prose||Partial||Reprints were in 1852, 1962, and 1988 by Kazhagam ([[Madras]]) and Asian Educational Services (AES) ([[New Delhi]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count ||1872||[[Charles E. Gover]]||''Odes from the Kural'' (Folksongs of South India)||[[Madras]] (Higginbothams)||Verse||Selections||Reprint by Gian Publications ([[Delhi]]) in 1981<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1873||[[Edward Jewitt Robinson]]||''Tamil Wisdom''||[[London]] (Paternoster Row)||Verse||Partial||Revised edition in 1885 as ''Tales and Poems of South India''; 1st reprint in 1975 by Kazhakam ([[Madras]]) and 2nd in 2000 by TNR ([[Tanjore]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1885||[[John Lazarus (Christian missionary)|John Lazarus]]||''Tirukkural (Kural 631–1330)''||[[Madras]] (Murugesa Mudaliar)||Prose||Partial||Reprint in 1988 by AES ([[New Delhi]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1886||[[George Uglow Pope]]||''The Sacred Kurral of Tiruvalluva Nayanar''||[[London]] (Henry Frowde)||Verse||Complete||Reprint in 1980 by AES ([[New Delhi]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1915||T. Thirunavukkarasu||''Tirukkural: A Gem for Each Day''||[[Madras]] (SPCK Press)||Prose||Selections||Translated only 366 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1916||[[V. V. S. Aiyar]]||''The Kural or The Maxims of Tiruvalluvar''||[[Madras]] (Amudha Nilayam Private Ltd.)||Prose||Complete||Reprints in 1925, 1952, 1961, and 1982 by Tirupparaitturai Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam ([[Tiruchirapalli]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1919||[[T. P. Meenakshisundaram]]&lt;!--Dear fellow editors. Not sure whether this qualifies as a new translation. This is not listed in the source, but I found it in the citation provided.--&gt;|| || || || ||Published the 1904 work of [[K. Vadivelu Chettiar]] with English renderings.&lt;ref name=&quot;MerchantToTirukkural&quot;&gt;{{cite news<br /> | last = Kolappan <br /> | first = B. <br /> | title = From merchant to Tirukkural scholar <br /> | newspaper = The Hindu<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | publisher = Kasturi &amp; Sons<br /> | date = 18 October 2015<br /> | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/from-merchant-to-tirukkural-scholar/article7775746.ece<br /> | access-date = 9 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Republished in 1972–1980 in Madurai as ''Kural in English with Tamil Text and Parimelazhakar Commentary'' (3 parts). Recent edition published in 2015 in 2 volumes.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1920||S. Sabaratna Mudaliyar||''Kural''||[[Madras]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1924||G. Vanmikanathan||''The Tirukkural: A unique guide to moral, material and spiritual prosperity''||[[Madras]] (Rathina Nayakkar &amp; Sons)||Prose ||Complete ||Published again in 1969 in Tiruchirappalli by the Tirukural Prachar Sangh.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1926||A. Madhavaiyya||''Kural in English''||[[Madras]]||Verse||Selections||Possibly published earlier in 1923<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1928||T. V. Parameswaran Aiyar||''108 Gems from the Sacred Kural''||[[Kottayam]] (Jagadamba Vidhya Vihar)|| ||Selections ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1928||Unnamed author||''Jeevakarunya Thirukkural Selections''||[[Karaikkudi]] (Kumaran Co. Publishers)|| ||Selections ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1929||S. Somasundara Bharathiyar||''Tiruvalluvar: English translation in Tamil lectures''||[[Madurai]] (Madurai Tamil Sangam)|| || ||Republished in 1966 by Navalar Somasundara Bharatiyar Trust, Chennai<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1931||[[Herbert Arthur Popley]]||''The Sacred Kural or The Tamil Veda of Tiruvalluvar''||[[Calcutta]] (The Heritage of India Series)||Verse||Selections||Reprint in 1958 by YMCA Publishing House ([[Calcutta]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1933||A. Ranganatha Mudaliar||''Tirukkural Mulamum Uraiyum with English Translation''||[[Madras]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1935||[[Rajaji|C. Rajagopalachari]]||''Kural, The Great Book of Tiruvalluvar''||[[Madras]] (Rochouse and Sons Ltd.)||Prose||Selections||Translated only select couplets from Books I and II. Reprints in 1937, 1965, and 1973<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1942||[[M. S. Purnalingam Pillai]]||''The Kural in English''||[[Tirunelveli]] (Sri Kanthimathi Vilasam Press)||Prose||Complete||Reprints in 1999 and 2007 by IITS ([[Chennai]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1946||[[S. M. Michael]]||''The Sacred Aphorisms of Thiruvalluvar''||[[Nagercoil]] (The Grace Hut)||Verse||Complete||Reprint in 1968 by M. S. Raja ([[Sattur]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1949||[[V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar]]||''Tirukkural''||[[Madras]] (The Adayar Library and Research Centre)||Prose||Complete||Reprints in 1994 and 2000<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1950||M. R. Rajagopala Aiyangar||''Tirukkural''||[[Kumbakonam]]||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1950||P. Raja||''Thirukkural (in verses)''||[[Kumbakonam]]||Verse|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1953||[[A. Chakravarti]]||''Tirukkural''||[[Madras]] (The Diocesan Press, Vepery)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1954||I. D. Thangaswamy||''Tirukkural''||[[Madras]] ||Verse||Selections||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1955||Issac T. Thangaiya||''Thirukkural in English with Parimelazhakar Commentary''||[[Madras]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1962||[[K. M. Balasubramaniam]]||''Tirukkural of Tiruvalluvar''||[[Madras]] (Manali Lakshmana Mudaliar Specific Endowments)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1965||T. Muthuswamy||''Tirukkural: The Gospel of Mankind''||[[Madurai]] (Vivekananda Press)||Prose||Partial||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1967||V. Chinnarajan||''The Kural Gems''||[[Udumalpet]] ||Verse||Selections||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1968||C. R. Soundararajan|| || ||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1968||[[Emmons E. White]]||''The Wisdom of India'' ||[[New York City]] (The Pater Pauper)||Verse||Selections||Also published as ''The Wisdom of the Tamil People'' in 1976<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1968||[[Shuddhananda Bharati]]||''Tirukkural'' ||[[Madras]] (Kazhakam)||Verse||Complete||Also published a complete prose version in 1970<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1969||[[Kasturi Srinivasan]]||''Tirukkural'' ||[[Bombay]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)||Verse||Complete||Reprints in 1976 and 1983 by Kasthuri Sreenivasan Trust ([[Coimbatore]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1969||A. Gajapathy Nayagar||''The Rosary of Gems of Tirukkural'' ||[[Madras]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1970||[[Shuddhananda Bharati]]||''Tirukkural'' || ||Prose||Complete|| <br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1971||T. N. S. Ragavachari||''Teachings of Tiruvalluvar's Kural'' ||[[Madras]] (''Health'', June 1966 to October 1971)||Prose||Complete||Reprinted in 1982<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1972||S. R. V. Vasu||''Voice of Valluvar: A Modern Commentary of the Kural'' ||[[Madras]] (Thayakam)|| ||Selection||Selection of about 200 couplets; 90 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1975||E. V. Singan||''Tirukkural'' ||[[Singapore]] (EVS Enterprises)||Prose||Complete||Reprinted in 1982<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1978||[[S. N. Sriramadesikan]]||''Tirukkural'' ||[[Madras]] (Gangai Puthaka Nilayam)||Prose||Complete||Reprinted in 1991, 1994 and 2006<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1979||S. Maharajan||''Tiruvalluvar'' ||[[New Delhi]] ([[Sahitya Akademi]])||Verse||Selections||Translated select couplets from all the three books of the Kural text. Second edition was published in 1982<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1979||[[Satguru Sivaya Subramuniya Swami]]||''Thirukural/Weavers Wisdom'' ||[[New Delhi]] (Abhinav Publications)/(Himalayan Academy Publications)||Verse||Partial||Translated only Books I and II; published again in 2000<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1981||[[K. C. Kamaliah]]||''Sacred Kural: The Kindly Light'' ||[[Tirunalveli]] (South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1982||[[S. M. Diaz]]||''Tirukkural'' ||[[Coimbatore]] (Ramananda Adigalar Foundation)||Verse||Complete||Reprinted in 2000<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1985||[[S. Jagathratchagan]]||''Thirukkural: English Rendering'' ||[[Madras]] (Apollo Publications)|| ||Complete||291 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1985||K. Chokkalingam||''Thirukkural: Aratthuppaal'' ||[[Jaffna]] (Sri Subramaniya Puthaka Salai)|| ||Partial ||Translated only Book I<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1987||C. Rajasingham||''Thirukkural: The Daylight of the Psych'' ||[[Chennai]] (International Institute of Tamil Studies)|| ||Partial ||Translated the first 9 chapters<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1987||[[P. S. Sundaram]]||''Tiruvalluvar: The Kural'' ||[[New Delhi]] (Penguin Books India Limited)||Verse||Complete||Reprinted in 1989, 1991, 1992 and 2000 by International Tamil Language Foundation ([[Illinois]])<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1987||T. S. Ramalingam Pillai|| || || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1987||K. N. Subramanyan||''Tiruvalluvar and His Tirukkural''||(Bharatya Gnanpith)|| ||Selections||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1988||[[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]]||''Tirukkural''||[[Calcutta]] (M. P. Birla Foundation)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1988||M. Thiraviyam||''Tirukkural''||[[Madras]] (Asian Educational Services)|| ||Selections ||Published again in 1992 as ''108 Tirukkural Couplets in English'' by Vanathi Padippakam, Madras<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1989||K. Chellappan||''Kural—Portraits: Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi's Kuralovium, a Translation from Tamil by K. Chellappan''||[[Annamalai Nagar]]: [[Annamalai University]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1990||Chidambaran Ilankumaranar||''Thirukkural English Translation''||[[Madurai]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1990||A. Pandurangan||''Tirukkural—Arattuppal'' ||[[Thiruvannamalai]] (Tilakavathi Publications)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1991||M. Swaminathan|| || || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1992||Norman Cutler||''A Gift of Tamil: Translations of Tamil Literature'' (Edited by Paula Richman)||[[New Delhi]] (Manohar and American Institute of Indian Studies)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1995||T. R. Kallapiran|| || || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1995||D. V. G. Ramarathinam||''Tirukkural''||(Thiyaga Durgam)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1997||G. J. B. Christopher ||''A Metrical Translation of Tirukkural (Part One: Righteousness)''||[[Tiruchirappalli]] (Primerose Home)|| ||Partial||Translated only Book I; 80 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1997||Swamiji Iraianban||''Ambrosia of Thirukkural''||[[New Delhi]] (Abhinav Publication)||Prose||Complete|| <br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1997||G. N. Das||''Readings from Thirukkural''||[[New Delhi]] (Abhinav Publication)||Verse and Prose||Select|| Translated 290 couplets in both verse and prose.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1998||J. Narayanasamy||''Tirukkural''||[[Coimbatore]]||Mixed||Complete|| Translated more in prose than in verse. Reprinted in 1999<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1999||K. Kalia Perumal||''Wonders of Tirukkural''||[[Thanjavur]] (Jayam Publications)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1999||C. B. Acharya||''Maxims of Truth (Commentary on Thirukkural)'' ||[[Madras]] (Super Power Press) || || ||964 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||1999||K. C. Agamudai Nambi||''Thirukkural'' ||[[Madurai]] (Author) || || ||352 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2001||C. R. Sundar||''Book Divine Tirukkural''||[[Chennai]] (Vignesh Pathippakam)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2001||V. K. Subramanian||''Pearls of Wisdom: Tirukkural (Tamil: Tirukkural Cintanai Muttukkal)''||[[Chennai]] (M.T.S. Academy India)|| || ||82 p.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2002||A. Kandiah, V. Jayadevan, and L. A. Buckingham||''Gleanings from Tirukkural for a Multicultural Society''||[[Strathfield South]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] (Natanalaya Publication)|| ||Selections||47 pages. Bilingual edition; {{ISBN|978-0-9750653-3-4}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2003||V. Padmanabhan||''Thirukkural with English Explanation''||[[Chennai]] (Manimekalai Prasuram)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2003||K. Kannan||''Thirukkural Expressed in English''||[[Madurai]] (Papa Publications)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2003||S. Manickavasagam||''Thirukkural: Tamil text, its paraphrase, Roman rendering and English translation''||[[New Delhi]] (Richa Prakashan)||Prose|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2003||V. Perampalam||''The Sacred Kural of Thiruvalluvar; A path to purposeful living''||[[Chennai]] || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2004||O. R. Krishnaswami||''The Wisdom of Tirukkural—A Guide to Living''||[[Mumbai]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)||Prose||Partial||Translated only Books I and II<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2004||Anantham Krishnamurthy and R. Shahjahan||''Thirukkural (Original text, Romanization with English and French translations)'' ||[[New Delhi]] (Richa Prakashan)|| || ||676 pages; {{ISBN|978-81-87062-73-8}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2004||P. Varadarajan||''Thirukkural: The Voice From Within'' ||[[New Delhi]] (National Council of Educational Research and Training) || ||Complete||136 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||M. D. Jayabalan|| ||[[Cheyyar]] (Mavanna Publications)||Verse||Partial||Translated only 321 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||G. Govindarajulu||''Quintessence of Thirukkural'' ||[[Chennai]] (ANK Prints)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||K. Krishnaswamy and Vijaya Ramkumar||Unpublished online translation || || ||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||Morgan Yegambaram||''Thirukkural for Children'' ||[[Durban, South Africa]]|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||S. M. Ponnaiah||''A Tapestry of Tamil Poetry'' ||[[Kuala Lumpur]] (University of Malaya Press)|| ||Selections||Translated only 133 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2005||Deivanayaki Thirumalai||''Book of Virtue in Rhythmic Verses'' ||[[Chennai]] (Perfect Xerox)|| ||Partial||Translated only Book I; translated 100 more couplets in 2014<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2006||David Pratap Singh||''Tirukkural''||[[Madurai]] (Master Pathippakam)||Verse||Complete||396 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2006||S. Ratnakumar||''Tirukkural: A Guide to Effective Living''||[[Singapore]] (Tamils Representative Council [TRC])||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2006||N. V. K. Ashraf||''Tirukkural: Getting Close to the Original''||(Online)||Prose||Selections||English translations of various authors; translated about 200 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2006||M. Annamalai||''Thirukkural: Tamil–English''||[[Chennai]] (Santha Publications)|| || ||76 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2007||Kalladan||''Tirukkural Readings and Reflections''||[[Chennai]] (Manivasagam Publications)|| || ||273 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2007||V. Srinivasan||''Thirukkural''||(Sri Vijeyam Publishers)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2008||M. D. Jayabalan||''Thirukkural in English''||[[Cheyyar]] || ||Selections||Translated a selections of 317 couplets from all the three books<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2008||C. R. Soundarrajan||''Thirukkural Uraikkalanjiam''||(Thiruvarasu Puthaka Nilayam)|| || ||960 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2008||Chellaiah Yogarathinam||''Thirukkural in English''||[[Chennai]] (Manimekalai Prasuram)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2008||Ira. Ilangkannanaar||''Bilingual Tirukkural''||(KPK Memorial Political Souvenir)|| ||Partial||Translated only 1049 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||V. Murugan||''Thirukkural in English''||[[Chennai]] (Arivu Pathippagam)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||Moorthy Rajaram||''Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration''||[[New Delhi]] (Rupa Publications)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||Moorthy Rajaram||''Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration''||[[New Delhi]] (Rupa Publications)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||N. E. Ramalingam||''Thirukkural Commentary in Tamil and English''||[[Chennai]] (Thiruvalluvar Pathippagam)||Prose ||Complete||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=N. E. Ramalingam |title=Thirukkural Commentary in Tamil and English |url= |year=2009 |publisher=Thiruvalluvar Pathippagam |location=Chennai|access-date= |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||Damo Bullen||Unpublished|| || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||Pasupathy Dhanaraj||''Tirukkural: Tenets for Right Living''||[[Chennai]] (Mathushree Imprints)|| || ||284 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2009||B. Ramiah||''Tirukkural: English Explanation''||[[Pudukkottai]] (Pudukkottai Thirukkural Kazhagam)|| ||Selections||Translated only 330 couplets<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2010||B. R. M. Subramani||''Thirukkural: Righteousness: Morals and Virtues''||(Dravidian University) || ||Partial||Translated only Books I and II; published in two volumes<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2011||R. Viswanathan||Thirukkural: Universal Tamil Scripture: {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Alongwith}} the Commentary of Parimalazhagar in English||[[Mumbai]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan) ||Prose ||Complete ||{{ISBN|978-81-7276-448-7}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2012||A. Gopalakrishnan||Tirukkural—Thiruvalluvar Karutthurai||[[Chidambaram]] (Meiyappan Padhippagam)||Prose||Complete||Authored both Tamil commentary and English translation<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2012||S. John Sahayam||''Tirukkural—English translation''||[[Chennai]] (Vanathi Padhippagam) || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2012||Vaidehi Herbert||''Thirukkural in English''||(Online) || ||Complete ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2013||T. Kannan|| ||(Online) ||Prose ||Partial ||Translated Book I and II; Book III in progress as of 2024<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2013||Singaravelu Sachithanantham||''Karya Etika Tamil Berjudul Thirukkuṛaḷ''||[[Malaysia]] (Uma Publications)||Verse||Complete||Trilingual version with Tamil original and Malay and English versions translated by the translator.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2013||Anonymous||''Kural Abridged—Damowords''||(Online)|| ||Complete||Single-line translation<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2014||S. P. Guruparan||''Thirukkural: English Translation''||[[Chennai]] (Mayilavan Padhippagam)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2015||[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]||''Tiruvalluvar—The Tirukkural: A New English Version''||[[New Delhi]] (Aleph Book Company)||Verse||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2015||Jyothirllata Girija||''Voice of Valluvar—Thirukkural (The Tamil Veda)''||[[Allahabad]] (Cyberwit.net)||Verse and Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2015||R. Venkatachalam||''Thirukkural—Translation—Explanation: A Life Skills Coaching Approach''||[[Gurgaon]] (Partridge Publishing India)||Verse||Complete||Published in 689 pages, with new interpretations given for about 360 couplets.<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2016||S. Kasipandiyan||''Thiruvalluvar on Human Destiny''||(Allied Publishers Limited)|| ||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2016||Narayanalakshmi||''Thirukkural of Thiruvalluvar''|| ||Prose||Complete||5 volumes<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2017||Ajayan Thenmala||''Tiruvalluvar Tirukkural (Trilingual)''||(Bhairavi Publications)|| || ||282 pages (with Hindi, English and Malayalam translations)<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count|| ||V. K. Parameswaran Pillai||''Kural''||[[Madras]] || || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2018||Madurai Babaraj||''Thirukkural: Virtue''||[[Chennai]] (B. Vasantha)||Prose||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2018||R. J. A. Stephen Loie||''Thirukkural English Couplet''||[[Chennai]] (Palaniappa Brothers)|| || ||208 pages; {{ISBN|978-93-88139-60-1}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2019||R. Jayaprakasam||''Thirukkural: Text in English &amp; Tamil''||[[Chennai]] (Porselvi Pathippagam)|| Prose||Complete||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=R. Jayaprakasam |title=Thirukkural: Text in English &amp; Tamil |url= |year=2019 |publisher=Porselvi Pathippagam |location=Chennai|access-date= |isbn=978-81-926917-5-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2019||Pattu M. Bhoopathi||''Thus Blossoms Love: A Transcreation of Kamattupal in Modern Verse''||[[Chennai]] (Sandhya Publications)||Verse||Partial||Translated Book III alone in modern verse form&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Pattu M. Bhoopathi |title=Thus Blossoms Love: A transcreation of Kamattupal in modern verse |url= |year=2019 |publisher=Sandhya Publications |location=Chennai|access-date= |isbn=978-93-87499-85-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2020||Jeevendiran Chemen||''Tirukkural (Volume 1 &amp; 2: Domestic life and Ascetic life)''||[[Ebene]], [[Mauritius]] (self-published)|| ||Partial ||Translated Book I alone in English and French <br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2020||Lakshman Naresh||''Tirukkural in English (Thiruvalluvar Book 1)''||Kindle edition|| || ||178 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2020||Varadaraja V. Raman||''Tirukkural (Book I) in English: As Rhyming Couplets with the Core Ideas''||Kindle edition|| || ||161 pages (SIN: B086VVN-5HQ)<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2021||J. S. Anantha Krishnan|| ''Thiruvalluvar's Thirukkural''||[[Kollam]] (Dream Bookbindery)|| Verse||Complete||Youngest translator to have completed the translation of entire book in under 25 years{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2021||N. Doraiswamy||''Tirukkural in Easy English (Vol. 1) (Vol. 2 On Love)''||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)|| || ||154 pages; published again in 2022 (300 pages)<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2021||Kavikkuyil Anaivaariyar||''Thirukkural: Pearls of Wisdom from Classical Tamil Series''||[[Chennai]] ([[Notion Press]])||Couplet ||Complete ||322 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2021||P. Subramanian||''Thirukkural—A Comprehensive Vision for Life''||(Jazym Books)|| || ||552 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2022||Thomas Hitoshi Pruiksma||''The Kural: Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural''||[[Boston]] ([[Beacon Press]])||Verse ||Complete ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2022||R. Manimohan||Unpublished||[[Coimbatore]] || ||Partial ||Books I and II<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2022||Karen Goel||''Thirukkural''||[[Chennai]] ([[Notion Press]])|| || ||226 pages, paperback; {{ISBN|979-8-88555-640-8}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2022||T. Anatharani and K. Bhagat Singh||''The Chapter on Wealth''||(Yes Dee Publishing)|| ||Partial ||162 pages; {{ISBN|978-93-91549-23-7}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||S. B. Chakraborthy||''Thirukkural''||[[Chennai]] (Discovery Publications)|| || ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||[[Meena Kandasamy]]||''The Book of Desire''||[[New Delhi]] (Penguin Random House India)||Prose||Partial||Translated Book III alone from a feministic view point&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last = Narang | first = Gaurvi | title = 'Only thing you read to your lover in bed'—Meena Kandasamy's modern book on ancient Tamil text | newspaper = The Print | location = New Delhi| pages = | language = | publisher = | date = 15 February 2023| url = https://theprint.in/features/only-thing-you-read-to-your-lover-in-bed-meena-kandasamys-modern-book-on-ancient-tamil-text/1372536/ | access-date = 21 February 2023|ref={{sfnRef|Gaurvi Narang, ''The Print'', 15 February 2023}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||R. Natarajan|| ''The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural''|| Chennai (Rare Publications)|| ||Complete ||<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||K. Dhevendhiran|| ''Tirukkural: English version''|| Kindle edition || || ||221 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||A. Rajamanickam|| ''The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work''|| (Thamarai Publications)|| || ||{{ISBN|978-81-234-4523-6}}<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2023||Theanmozhi Chembian|| ''Thirukkural English Translation in Seven Words''|| (PeriyarBooks.com)|| || ||283 pages<br /> |-<br /> |_row_count||2024||K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair||''Thirukkural: Universal Book''||[[London]] (Shams Publishing Inc.).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ShopUi |url=https://www.morebooks.shop/shop-ui/shop/product/9786203913538 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.morebooks.shop}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| ||Complete||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;|index=125}}<br /> <br /> ==History of English translations==<br /> [[File: Portrait of Nathaniel Edward Kindersley (1763-1831) (by John Smart).jpg|thumb|120px|left|N. E. Kindersley, the first ever English translator of the Kural]]<br /> [[File:Vvsaiyar.jpg|thumb|120px|right|V. V. S. Aiyar, the first native scholar who made a complete translation of the Kural into English]]<br /> Following the translation of the Kural text into [[Latin]] by [[Constanzo Beschi|Constantius Joseph Beschi]] in 1730,&lt;ref name=&quot;OnTranslatingTirukkural&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Ramasamy<br /> | first = V.<br /> | title = On Translating Tirukkural<br /> | publisher = International Institute of Tamil Studies<br /> | edition = First<br /> | date = 2001<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nathaniel Edward Kindersley]] attempted the first ever English translation of the Kural text in 1794, translating select couplets in verse. [[Francis Whyte Ellis]] attempted the second English translation, who translated only 120 of the 1330 couplets of the Kural text—69 in verse and 51 in prose.&lt;ref&gt;A stone inscription found on the walls of a well at the Periya palayathamman temple at [[Royapettah|Royapettai]] indicates Ellis' regard for [[Thiruvalluvar]]. It is one of the 27 wells dug on the orders of Ellis in 1818, when Madras suffered a severe drinking water shortage. In the long inscription Ellis praises Thiruvalluvar and uses a couplet from Thirukkural to explain his actions during the drought. When he was in charge of the Madras treasury and mint, he also issued a gold coin bearing Thiruvalluvar's image. The Tamil inscription on his grave makes note of his commentary of Thirukkural.{{cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|authorlink=Iravatham Mahadevan|url=http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=539|work=Varalaaru.com|accessdate=25 June 2010|language=Tamil|title=The Golden coin depicting Thiruvalluvar −2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The original inscription in Tamil written in the ''Asiriyapa'' meter and first person perspective: (The Kural he quotes is in Italics) &lt;br/&gt; சயங்கொண்ட தொண்டிய சாணுறு நாடெனும் | ஆழியில் இழைத்த வழகுறு மாமணி | குணகடன் முதலாக குட கடலளவு | நெடுநிலம் தாழ நிமிர்ந்திடு சென்னப் | பட்டணத்து எல்லீசன் என்பவன் யானே | பண்டாரகாரிய பாரம் சுமக்கையில் | புலவர்கள் பெருமான் மயிலையம் பதியான் | தெய்வப் புலமைத் திருவள்ளுவனார் | திருக்குறள் தன்னில் திருவுளம் பற்றிய் | ''இருபுனலும் வாய்த்த மலையும் வருபுனலும்'' | ''வல்லரணும் நாட்டிற் குறுப்பு'' | என்பதின் பொருளை என்னுள் ஆய்ந்து | ஸ்வஸ்திஸ்ரீ சாலிவாகன சகாப்த வரு | ..றாச் செல்லா நின்ற | இங்கிலிசு வரு 1818ம் ஆண்டில் | பிரபவாதி வருக்கு மேற் செல்லா நின்ற | பஹுதான்ய வரு த்தில் வார திதி | நக்ஷத்திர யோக கரணம் பார்த்து | சுப திநத்தி லிதனோ டிருபத்தேழு | துரவு கண்டு புண்ணியாஹவாசநம் | பண்ணுவித்தேன்.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blackburn&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Stuart|title=Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India |year=2006|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-149-4|pages=92–95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-BxrNKdwPMC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis&amp;pg=PA92}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|authorlink=Kamil Zvelebil|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature|year=1992|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-09365-2|pages=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis+thirukkural&amp;pg=PA3}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1840, [[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]] translated the [[Book of Aram|first book of the Tirukkural]] in prose. In 1852, he partially completed the [[Book of Porul|second book]], too, in prose. Along with his own English prose translation, his publication contained the original Tamil text, the Tamil commentary by [[Parimelazhagar]] and [[Ramanuja Kavirayar]]'s amplification of the commentary. He thus covered chapters 1 through 63, translating 630 couplets.&lt;ref name=&quot;OnTranslatingTirukkural&quot;/&gt; [[John Lazarus (Christian missionary)|John Lazarus]], a native missionary, revised Drew's work and completed the remaining portion, beginning from Chapter 64 through Chapter 133. Thus, Drew and Lazarus together made the first complete prose translation of the Tirukkural available in English. Meanwhile, there were two more verse translations made in 1872 and 1873 by [[Charles E. Gover]] and [[Edward Jewitt Robinson]], respectively. While Gover translated only select couplets, Robinson translated the first two books of the Kural text. The first complete verse translation in English and the first complete English translation by a single author was achieved in 1886 by [[George Uglow Pope]], whose work brought the Tirukkural to a wider audience of the [[western world]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf | title=Thirukkural English Translation and Commentary | publisher=W.H. Allen, &amp; Co | first = GU |last = Pope &lt;!--| authorlink=Thirukkural English Translation--&gt; | year=1886 | pages=160}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first English translation by a native scholar (i.e., scholar who is a native speaker of Tamil) was made in 1915 by T. Tirunavukkarasu, who translated 366 couplets into English. The first complete English translation by a native scholar was made the following year by [[V. V. S. Aiyar]], who translated the entire work in prose. Aiyar's work is considered by various scholars, including [[Czechs|Czech]] scholar [[Kamil Zvelebil]], to be the most scholarly of all the English translations made until then, including those by native English scholars.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manavalan_Compendium&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last =Zvelevil<br /> | first = K.<br /> | title = Forward. Tirukkural by Tiruvalluvar. Translated by K. M. Balasubramaniam<br /> | publisher = Manali Lakshmana Mudaliar Specific Endowments<br /> | date = 1962<br /> | location = Madras<br /> | pages = 327<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At least 24 complete translations were available in the English language by the end of the twentieth century, by both native and non-native scholars.&lt;ref name=&quot;OnTranslatingTirukkural&quot;/&gt; By 2014, there were about 57 versions available in English, of which at least 30 were complete.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCBH_Kural&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | title = Thirukural Tamil–English<br /> | publisher = New Century Book House<br /> | edition = 3<br /> | date = 2014<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | pages = xvi, 292<br /> | language = Tamil, English<br /> | isbn = 978-81-2340-949-8<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Comparison of translations===<br /> The following table illustrates two different facets of a subject depicted by two Kural couplets from the same chapter and their different interpretations by various translators.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot; <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Year!!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Translator!!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Form!! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Chapter 26 (The Renunciation of Flesh-Eating)<br /> |-<br /> !''Kural'' 254 (Couplet 26:4)<br /> !''Kural'' 258 (Couplet 26:8)<br /> |-<br /> |||Original text||Verse|| அருளல்லது யாதெனில் கொல்லாமை கோறல்&lt;br&gt;பொருளல்லது அவ்வூன் தினல். || செயிரின் தலைப்பிரிந்த காட்சியார் உண்ணார்&lt;br&gt;உயிரின் தலைப்பிரிந்த ஊன்.<br /> |-<br /> |1840–1885||[[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]] &amp; [[John Lazarus (Christian missionary)|John Lazarus]]||Prose|| Is it asked what is kindness and its opposite? It is the preservation of life, and its destruction (therefore) it is not right to eat that flesh (from which life has been taken away).|| The wise, who have freed themselves from mental delusion, will not eat the flesh which has been severed from an animal.<br /> |-<br /> |1873–1885||[[Edward Jewitt Robinson]]||Verse|| If merciless, it is to kill&lt;br&gt;To eat what’s slaughter’d must be ill.|| Whose minds from fleshly lusts are freed&lt;br&gt;Refuse on lifeless flesh to feed.<br /> |-<br /> |1886||[[George Uglow Pope]]||Verse|| What’s a grace, or lack of grace? ‘To kill’ is this, that ‘not to kill’;&lt;br&gt;To eat dead flesh can never worthy end fulfil.|| Whose souls the vision pure and passionless perceive,&lt;br&gt;Eat not the bodies men of life bereave.<br /> |-<br /> |1916||[[V. V. S. Aiyar]]||Prose|| The killing of animals is veritable hardness of heart; but the eating of their flesh is inequity indeed.|| Behold the men who have escaped from the bonds of illusion and ignorance: they eat not the flesh from which life hath flown out.<br /> |-<br /> |1931||[[H. A. Popley]]||Verse|| What is kindliness and its opposite? The one is non-killing, the other is killing;&lt;br&gt;To eat dead flesh is not good.|| Not translated<br /> |-<br /> |1942||[[M. S. Purnalingam Pillai]]||Prose|| Not to kill is grace. To kill is what is called lack of grace. To eat the meat of the killed animal is unworthy.|| Those who are free from blame and have the clear vision will not eat the meat of animals which have lost their life or which are slaughtered.<br /> |-<br /> |1946||[[S. M. Michael]]||Verse|| To kill not’s Grace, to kill its loss;&lt;br&gt;To eat lives no good alas!|| Seers true, men clean never eat a corse,&lt;br&gt;No sin they do dread worse.<br /> |-<br /> |1949||[[V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar]]||Prose|| What is compassion but refraining from killing; what is sin but eating flesh?|| Men of clear vision abstain from the flesh of a slaughtered animal.<br /> |-<br /> |1953||[[A. Chakravarti]]||Prose|| What’s grace, or lack of grace? ‘To kill’ is this, that ‘not to kill’; To eat dead flesh can never worthy end fulfil.|| A person free from the erroneous beliefs and equipped with the right faith will not eat flesh obtained from animal bereft of life.<br /> |-<br /> |1962||[[K. M. Balasubramaniam]]||Verse|| To kill not aught is grace and killing is the lack of grace.&lt;br&gt;To eat the flesh of lives thus killed is naught but great disgrace.|| The men of pure vision quite free from illusion's dark mesh&lt;br&gt;Won't eat at all the carcass that is free from life, called flesh.<br /> |-<br /> |1968||[[Shuddhananda Bharati]]||Verse|| If merciless it is to kill,&lt;br&gt;To kill and eat is disgraceful.|| Whose mind from illusion is freed&lt;br&gt;Refuse on lifeless flesh to feed.<br /> |-<br /> |1969||[[G. Vanmikanathan]]||Prose|| If you ask what charity is and what is not, they are non-killing and killing respectively; eating that (slaughtered) meat is unrighteousness (sin).|| Men of wisdom freed from the error (of delusion) will not eat flesh carved out of a creature.<br /> |-<br /> |1969||[[Kasturi Srinivasan]]||Verse|| Not to kill is grace; to kill’s otherwise,&lt;br&gt;But to eat dead flesh is never wise.|| The visionaries, who follow a faultless creed&lt;br&gt;Will not eat bodies, from life freed.<br /> |-<br /> |1978||[[S. N. Sriramadesikan]]||Prose|| Non-injury is otherwise known as compassion; doing injury is heartlessness. The wise know that it is a sin to eat the flesh of animals.|| The good ones, free from the three kinds of blemishes (desires) and possessed of unalloyed wisdom will hold dead bodies as corpses and will not eat the flesh.<br /> |-<br /> |1979||[[Sivaya Subramuniyaswami|Satguru Sivaya Subramuniya Swami]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = https://www.himalayanacademy.com/media/books/weavers-wisdom/weavers-wisdom.pdf<br /> | title = Thirukural<br /> | last = Subramuniyaswami<br /> | first = Sivaya<br /> | date = 1979<br /> | access-date = 14 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;||Verse|| If you ask, &quot;What is kindness and what is unkindness?&quot;&lt;br&gt;It is not-killing and killing. Thus, eating flesh is never virtuous. || (a) Perceptive souls who have abandoned passion&lt;br&gt;Will not feed on flesh abandoned by life.&lt;br&gt;(b) Insightful souls who have abandoned the passion to hurt others&lt;br&gt;Will not feed on flesh that life has abandoned.<br /> |-<br /> |1988||[[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]]||Verse|| Grace says “Life, Life”, cruelty cries, “kill, kill!”&lt;br&gt;It’s not grace to feed on flesh.|| Those with unclouded minds will desist from&lt;br&gt;Eating killed animal's flesh.<br /> |-<br /> |1989||[[P. S. Sundaram]]||Verse|| Grace is not killing, to kill disgrace;&lt;br&gt;And to eat a thing killed, profitless sin.|| The undeluded will not feed on meat&lt;br&gt;Which is but carrion.<br /> |-<br /> |1998||J. Narayanasamy||Prose|| Mercy demands not to kill; butchering is cruel, and eating flesh meat is insensuous.|| Wisdom free from the painful mind of evil will abstain from feeding on flesh.<br /> |-<br /> |2000||[[S. M. Diaz]]||Verse|| To make others break the law of not killing is inconsistent with compassion;&lt;br&gt;There is, therefore, no sense in eating the meat obtained by such killing.|| Those who have a vision that is not blurred by mental confusion&lt;br&gt;Will not eat the meat of dead carcasses.<br /> |-<br /> |2003||V. Padmanabhan||Prose|| Compassion warrants that one should not kill anybody and that too killing other creatures for food is more sinful. || Persons who are determined not to overlook moral disciplines will not take meat obtained by killing other species.<br /> |-<br /> |2009||V. Murugan||Verse|| Benevolence is not to kill, and killing is lack of it&lt;br&gt;And to eat the flesh thus obtained is an act unrighteous.|| Men of vision freed of blemishes within&lt;br&gt;Take not to eating the flesh of a lifeless body.<br /> |-<br /> |2009||Moorthy Rajaram||Verse|| Non-killing is indeed an act of kindness&lt;br&gt;Killing and eating it is unkindness.|| The undeluded wise will ever avoid meat&lt;br&gt;Which is but the flesh of a lifeless beast.<br /> |-<br /> |2009||Moorthy Rajaram||Prose|| Not killing a creature is an act of kindness. Killing and eating its meat is unkindness.|| Wise men who have clear mind will refrain from eating the flesh of a lifeless animal.<br /> |-<br /> |2012||A. Gopalakrishnan||Prose|| When questioned about 'Kindness' and 'Non-kindness' the reply will be 'Non-killing' and 'Killing' respectively. One, without killing an animal by himself, eating the flesh of an animal killed by others, is also not meant by kindness.|| Those, who have spotless and clear knowledge, will not eat the flesh of an animal from which life is taken out.<br /> |-<br /> |2014||S. P. Guruparan||Verse|| (a) If it is asked what compassion is, it is not killing any living beings;&lt;br&gt;And what is not compassion is killing and eating the flesh of the living beings!!&lt;br&gt;(b) Not killing any living being is compassion&lt;br&gt;And it is a sin to kill and eat the living beings!!|| If one is freed from delusion and has the wisdom spotless&lt;br&gt;He won't eat a body lifeless!!<br /> |-<br /> |2015||[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]||Verse|| Don't hide behind the butcher's blade saying, 'He kills, I only eat'&lt;br&gt;You're the one that whets the knife that makes the thing called meat.|| If you wish, as you should, that your soul be liberated&lt;br&gt;Think: this once lived, breathed, moved, till it was beheaded.<br /> |-<br /> |2022||Thomas Hitoshi Pruiksma||Verse|| If Lack of compassion &amp;mdash; killing not-killing &amp;mdash; lack;&lt;br&gt;Of virtue &amp;mdash; eating what's killed || They eat no flesh severed from life &amp;mdash; those&lt;br&gt;Who have severed confusion<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Comparison with European literature==<br /> In his introduction to the English translation, G. U. Pope compared the Kural to the works of [[Propertius]] and [[Martial]] and to the [[Elegiac comedy|Latin elagiac verse]]. In his commentary, he quoted analogous passages from various authors such as [[Horace]], [[Aeschylus]], [[Dante Alighieri]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[Robert Browning]], [[William Wordsworth]], and [[Catullus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Maharajan2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=S. Maharajan|title=Tiruvalluvar|url= |series=Makers of Indian Literature| year=2017|edition=2nd|publisher= Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi|language= |isbn= 978-8126053216|ref={{sfnRef|Maharajan, 2017}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|p=9}} He added that what [[Archbishop Trench]] said of [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustin]] is equally true of Valluvar:<br /> <br /> {{cquote|He abounds in short and memorable, and if I might so call them, epigrammatic sayings, concentrating with a forceful brevity, the whole truth, which he desires to impart, into some single phrase, forging it into a polished shaft at once pointed to pierce, and barbed that it shall not lightly drop from the mind and memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maharajan2017&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Pope went on to composing a poem on the universality of Valluvar, hailing him as the &quot;Bard of Universal Man&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maharajan2017&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|p=10}}<br /> <br /> ==Criticisms on translations==<br /> The couplets of the Kural are inherently complex by virtue of their dense meaning within their terse structure. Thus, no translation can perfectly reflect the true nature of any given couplet of the Kural unless read and understood in its original Tamil form.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VF2VMUoY_okC&amp;pg=PA156<br /> | title = The Smile of Murugan of Tamil Literature of South India<br /> | last = Zvelebil<br /> | first = Kamil<br /> | date = 1973<br /> | publisher = P. 169<br /> | isbn = 90-04-03591-5<br /> | access-date = 11 December 2010<br /> | quote = &quot;... It is almost impossible to truly appreciate the maxims of the Kural through a translation. Tirukkural must be read and re-read in Tamil.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Added to this inherent difficulty is the attempt by some scholars to either read their own ideas into the Kural couplets or deliberately misinterpret the message to make it conform to their preconceived notions. The translations by the Christian missionaries are often criticized for misinterpreting the text in order to conform it to Christian principles and beliefs. In August 2022, the governor of Tamil Nadu, [[R. N. Ravi]], criticized G. U. Pope for &quot;translating with the colonial objective to 'trivialise' the spiritual wisdom of India,&quot; resulting in a &quot;de-spiritualised version&quot; of the Kural text.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> | last = <br /> | first = <br /> | title = Thirukkural's first English translation was a 'de-spiritualised': TN Guv<br /> | newspaper = Deccan Herald<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | publisher = <br /> | date = 25 August 2022<br /> | url = https://www.deccanherald.com/india/thirukkural-s-first-english-translation-was-a-de-spiritualised-tn-guv-1139335.html<br /> | access-date = 28 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to V. Ramasamy, even the very first Latin translation of the text by Beschi is distorted. He writes, &quot;Beschi is purposely distorting the message of the original when he renders பிறவாழி as 'the sea of miserable life' and the phrase பிறவிப்பெருங்கடல் as 'sea of this birth' which has been translated by others as 'the sea of many births'. Beschi means thus 'those who swim the vast sea of miseries'. The concept of rebirth or many births for the same soul is contrary to Christian principle and belief&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OnTranslatingTirukkural&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Scholars also criticize Pope for over-emphasising certain texts from ancient Tamil literature while downplaying, or even dismissing, others, both ancient and more recent.&lt;ref&gt;Trautmann, T. R. (2006). Languages and nations: the Dravidian proof in colonial Madras. Yoda Press.&lt;/ref&gt; In his book [[Breaking India]], [[Rajiv Malhotra]] writes of Pope's attempts to undermine Tamil spirituality. He writes of Pope's claims that all Tamil works are of Christian origin, and that [[Tamil culture]] has nothing to do with [[Indian culture]], thereby forging a Dravidian identity that previously never existed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Malhotra |first1=Rajiv |author-link1=Rajiv Malhotra |last2=Nilakantan |first2=Aravintan |title=Breaking India |publisher=Amaryllis |date=2011 |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=9788191067378}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|68}}<br /> <br /> ==Less-known translations==<br /> The Kural has also been translated numerous times without getting published or reaching the masses. [[Aurobindo|Sri Aurobindo]], for instance, has translated fifteen couplets of the Kural, including all the ten couplets from the opening chapter (in a different order from the original) and five from the second chapter, in 1919 as part of his translations of various other ancient works.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.collectedworksofsriaurobindo.com/index.php/readbook/61-Thiruvalluvar-Opening-of-the-Kural-Vol-05-translations<br /> | title = Volume 5: The Complete Works of Sri Aurobindo<br /> | last = Sri Aurobindo<br /> | date = 1999<br /> | publisher = Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust<br /> | access-date = 12 January 2018<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Tirukkural translations]]<br /> * [[List of translators into English]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Published translations==<br /> * Pope, G. U. (1886). ''The Sacred Kurral of Tiruvalluva Nayanar (with Latin Translation By Fr. Beschi)'' (Original in Tamil with English and Latin Translations). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, pp. i–xxviii, 408<br /> * Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami. (1979). ''Tirukkural: The American English and Modern Tamil Translations of an Ethical Masterpiece.'' {{ISBN|978-8-1701-7390-8}}. Available from http://www.redlotusworld.org/resources/Tirukkural.pdf<br /> * Padmanabhan, V. (2003). ''Thirukkural with English Explanation.'' Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram, 280 pp.<br /> * Murugan, V. (2009). ''Thirukkural in English.'' Chennai: Arivu Pathippagam, xiv + 272 pp.<br /> * Guruparan, S. P. (2014). ''Thirukkural: English Translation.'' Chennai: Mayilavan Padhippagam, 416 pp.<br /> * Venkatachalam, R. (2015). ''Thirukkural—Translation—Explanation: A Life Skills Coaching Approach.'' Gurgaon, India: Partridge Publishing India, 689 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4828-4290-6}}.<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Srirama Desikan, S. N. (1961). ''Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural in Sanskrit slokas''. Prabha Press. 77 pp.<br /> * Manavalan, A. A. (2010). ''A Compendium of'' Tirukkural ''Translations in English'' (4 vols.). Chennai: Central Institute of Classical Tamil, {{ISBN|978-81-908000-2-0}}.<br /> * {{cite book | last1 = Parthasarathy | first1 = Sa. | last2 = Ashraf | first2 = N. V. K.| last3 = Rajendiran | first3 = C. | last4 = Thangavelu | first4 = Elangovan | last5 = Duraisamy | first5 = Senthilselvan | last6 = Selvan | first6 = Ajey Kumar | author-link = | title = Thirukkural Translations in World Languages | publisher = ValaiTamil Publication | series = | volume = | edition = 1 | date = 2024 | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | url = https://www.eStore.ValaiTamil.com | doi = | isbn = 978-81-975093-4-6}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.valaitamil.com/thirukkural.php Tirukkural in Tamil and English—Valaitamil.com]<br /> * [http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf G. U. Pope's English Translation of the Tirukkural]<br /> *<br /> * https://www.facebook.com/Tirukkural.in.6.languages/<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|Tamils|India|Literature|Poetry}}<br /> {{Tirukkural|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tirukkural translations by language|English]]<br /> [[Category:Translations into English|Tirukkural]]<br /> [[Category:Translation-related lists]]</div>

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