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2024 World Athletics U20 Championships

2026-05-07T12:30:18Z

Greensobhacondo: entry!

{{Short description|International athletics competition}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox games
| name = 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships
| logo = 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships.png
| size =
| caption =
| host_city = {{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], [[Peru]]
| nations =
| athletes =
| events = 45
| dates = 27–31 August 2024
| stadium = [[Estadio Atlético de la Villa Deportiva Nacional|Estadio Atlético de la VIDENA]]
| website = [https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24 worldathletics.org]
| previous = [[2022 World Athletics U20 Championships|2022 Cali]]
| next = [[2026 World Athletics U20 Championships|2026 Eugene]]
}}
{{2024 World Athletics U20 Championships}}
The '''2024 [[World Athletics U20 Championships]]''', also known colloquially by its former official title, the '''World Junior Championships''', is an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 2005). The event is being staged in [[Lima]], Peru from 27 to 31 August 2024. On 5 April 2023 it was announced that the city had initially withdrawn as a host of the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships due to "recent political instability, social unrest and natural disasters".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2021 |title=World Athletics Series events awarded to Glasgow and Lima |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/world-athletics-series-events-awarded-glasgow-lima |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Lima will not host 2024 World U20 Championships |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/lima-not-host-2024-world-u20-championships |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> However on 14 August 2023, Lima was reinstated as host city for the event as all the issues were stabilised.<ref>{{Cite web| date=14 August 2023 |title=Council selects host cities for future World Athletics Series events|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/council-selects-host-cities-future-world-athletics-series-events |access-date=16 August 2023|website=World Athletics}}</ref>

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%;position:relative;" width=30%
|-
|bgcolor="#D0A9F5" align=center|Q||Qualification
|bgcolor="#D0A9F5" align=center|H||Heats
|bgcolor="#D9FFB2" align=center|S||Semifinals
|bgcolor="#FFDF80" align=center|F||Final
|-
|colspan=8 align=center|M = morning session, A = afternoon session
|}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;"
|+'''Men'''
|-
! Date → || colspan=2|27 Aug || colspan=2|28 Aug || colspan=2|29 Aug || colspan=2|30 Aug || 31 Aug
|-
! width="120px"|Event ↓ || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="60px"|A
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 200 metres|200 m]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 400 metres|400 m]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H|| bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S|| || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 800 metres|800 m]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || || || || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 1500 metres|1500 m]] || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 3000 metres|3000 m]] || || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m SC]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles|110 m hurdles]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles|400 m hurdles]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || || || || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]] || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80" colspan=4|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's high jump|High jump]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's pole vault|Pole vault]] || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's long jump|Long jump]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's triple jump|Triple jump]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q|| || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's shot put|Shot put]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's discus throw|Discus throw]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's hammer throw|Hammer throw]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's javelin throw|Javelin throw]] || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres walk|10,000 m walk]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;"
|+'''Women'''
|-
! Date → || colspan=2|27 Aug || colspan=2|28 Aug || colspan=2|29 Aug || colspan=2|30 Aug || 31 Aug
|-
! width="120px"|Event ↓ || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="60px"|A
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 100 metres|100 m]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 200 metres|200 m]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 400 metres|400 m]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S|| || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H|| || || || || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]] || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |H|| || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 3000 metres|3000 m]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |H|| || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]] || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m SC]] || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |H|| || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 400 metres hurdles|400 m hurdles]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || || || || bgcolor="#D9FFB2"|S|| bgcolor="#FFDF80" |F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's heptathlon|Heptathlon]] || bgcolor="#FFDF80" colspan=4|F || || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's high jump|High jump]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's pole vault|Pole vault]] || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's long jump|Long jump]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |Q|| || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F|| || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's triple jump|Triple jump]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |Q|| || || || || ||bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's shot put|Shot put]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |Q|| bgcolor="#FFDF80" |F ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5" |Q|| || || bgcolor="#FFDF80" |F|| || || || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]] || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q || || || ||bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's javelin throw|Javelin throw]] || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|Q|| || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80" |F||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 10,000 metres walk|10,000 m walk]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || ||
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]] || || || || || || || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F
|}
{{col-end}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;"
|+'''Mixed'''
|-
! Date → || colspan=2|27 Aug || colspan=2|28 Aug || colspan=2|29 Aug || colspan=2|30 Aug || 31 Aug
|-
! width="120px"|Event ↓ || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="40px"|M || width="40px"|A || width="60px"|A
|-
| align="left"|[[2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]] || bgcolor="#D0A9F5"|H || bgcolor="#FFDF80"|F || || | || || || || ||
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="border:0; position:relative; font-size:100%;"
! colspan="4" |Event schedule
|-
! colspan="4" | DAY ONE—TUESDAY, AUGUST 27TH
|-
| '''PET Time (UTC−5)'''|| '''DIVISION'''|| '''EVENT'''||'''Round'''
|-
|09:35|| X ||4x400 Metres Relay || Heats
|-
|10:10|| W ||100 Metres || Heats
|-
|11:10|| M ||100 Metres || Heats
|-
|12:10|| M ||800 Metres || Heats
|-
|13:05|| W ||800 Metres || Heats
|-
|16:00|| W ||3000 Metres Steeplechase || Heats
|-
|16:45|| W ||100 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|17:07|| M ||100 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|17:30|| W ||5000 Metres || Final
|-
|17:55|| M ||5000 Metres || Final
|-
|18:50|| X ||4x400 Metres Relay || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Heptathlon
|-
|09:05 || W || 100 Metres Hurdles || Heptathlon
|-
|10:10 || W || High Jump || Heptathlon
|-
|16:05 || W || Shot Put || Heptathlon
|-
|18:25 || W || 200 Metres || Heptathlon
|-
! colspan="4" | Field Events
|-
|09:00 || M || Hammer Throw (6 kg) || Qualification - Group A
|-
|09:15 || W || Long Jump || Qualification
|-
|10:15 || M || Hammer Throw (6 kg) || Qualification - Group B
|-
|11:00 || M || Shot Put (6 kg) || Qualification
|-
|11:35 || W || Discus Throw || Qualification - Group A
|-
|12:05 || M || Triple Jump || Qualification
|-
|13:00 || W || Discus Throw || Qualification - Group B
|-
|16:00 || W || Pole Vault || Qualification
|-
|16:20 || M || Javelin Throw (700g) || Qualification - Group A
|-
|17:35 || M || Shot Put (6 kg) || Final
|-
|17:40 || M || Javelin Throw (700g) || Qualification - Group B
|-
! colspan="4" | END OF DAY ONE
|-
! colspan="4" | DAY TWO—WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28TH
|-
|09:10 || W || 400 Metres Hurdles || Heats
|-
|10:05 || M || 400 Metres Hurdles || Heats
|-
|11:05 || W || 400 Metres || Heats
|-
|12:00 || M || 400 Metres || Heats
|-
|12:50 || M || 3000 Metres Steeplechase || Heats
|-
|16:05 || M || 1500 Metres || Heats
|-
|16:40 || W || 1500 Metres || Heats
|-
|17:20 || M || 400 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|17:45 || W || 400 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|18:30 || W || 100 Metres || Final
|-
|18:47 || M || 100 Metres || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Heptathlon
|-
|09:40 || W || Long Jump || Heptathlon
|-
|12:05 || W || Javelin Throw || Heptathlon
|-
|18:10 || W || 800 Metres || Heptathlon
|-
! colspan="4" | Field Events
|-
|09:00 || W || Javelin Throw || Qualification - Group A
|-
|10:30 || M || High Jump || Qualification
|-
|10:35 || W || Javelin Throw || Qualification - Group B
|-
|11:50 || W || Triple Jump || Qualification
|-
|16:29 || W || Discus Throw Final
|-
|17:20 || W || Long Jump || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | END OF DAY TWO
|-
! colspan="4" | DAY THREE—THURSDAY, AUGUST 29TH
|-
|09:00 || M || 100 Metres || Decathlon U20
|-
|09:25 || W || 100 Metres Hurdles || Heats
|-
|10:20 || M || 110m Hurdles (99.0 cm) || Heats
|-
|11:15 || W || 200 Metres || Heats
|-
|12:10 || M || 200 Metres || Heats
|-
|15:00 || W || 100 Metres Hurdles || Semi-Final
|-
|15:30 || M || 110m Hurdles (99.0 cm) || Semi-Final
|-
|15:55 || W || 800 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|16:20 || M || 800 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|16:47 || W || 200 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|17:10 || M || 200 Metres || Semi-Final
|-
|17:35 || W || 3000 Metres Steeplechase || Final
|-
|17:55 || M || 400 Metres || Decathlon U20
|-
|18:15 || M || 3000 Metres || Final
|-
|18:43 || W || 400 Metres || Final
|-
|18:50 || M || 400 Metres || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Field Events
|-
|09:10 || W || Hammer Throw || Qualification - Group A
|-
|10:25 || W || Hammer Throw || Qualification - Group B
|-
|11:05 || W || High Jump || Qualification
|-
|11:45 || M || Long Jump || Qualification
|-
|15:25 || M || Hammer Throw (6 kg) || Final
|-
|16:00 || W || Pole Vault || Final
|-
|17:20 || M || Triple Jump || Final
|-
|17:30 || M || Javelin Throw (700g) || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Decathlon
|-
|09:00 || M || 100 Metre || Decathlon U20
|-
|09:35 || M || Long Jump || Decathlon U20
|-
|11:10 || M || Shot Put (6 kg) || Decathlon U20
|-
|15:50 || M || High Jump || Decathlon U20
|-
|17:55 || M || 400 Metres || Decathlon U20
|-
! colspan="4" | END OF DAY THREE
|-
! colspan="4" | DAY FOUR—FRIDAY, AUGUST 30TH
|-
|09:00 || M || 110m Hurdles (99.0 cm) || Decathlon U20
|-
|09:25 || M || 10,000 Metres Race Walk || Final
|-
|10:25 || W || 10,000 Metres Race Walk || Final
|-
|11:30 || W || 4x400 Metres Relay || Heats
|-
|12:00 || M || 4x400 Metres Relay || Heats
|-
|12:35 || W || 4x100 Metres Relay || Heats
|-
|13:05 || M || 4x100 Metres Relay || Heats
|-
|15:35 || W || 400 Metres Hurdles || Semi-Final
|-
|16:05 || M || 400 Metres Hurdles || Semi-Final
|-
|16:35 || M || 800 Metres || Final
|-
|16:50 || W || 800 Metres || Final
|-
|17:10 || W || 100 Metres Hurdles || Final
|-
|17:25 || M || 110m Hurdles (99.0 cm) || Final
|-
|17:50 || W || 3000 Metres || Final
|-
|18:15 || M || 1500 Metres || Decathlon U20
|-
|18:35 || W || 200 Metres || Final
|-
|18:50 || M || 200 Metres || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Decathlon
|-
|09:00 || M || 110m Hurdles (99.0 cm) || Decathlon U20
|-
|09:40 || M || Discus Throw (1.750 kg) || Decathlon - Group A
|-
|10:50 || M || Discus Throw (1.750 kg) || Decathlon - Group B
|-
|11:35 || M || Pole Vault || Decathlon - Group A
|-
|12:25 || M || Pole Vault || Decathlon - Group B
|-
|15:30 || M || Javelin Throw || Decathlon - Group A
|-
|16:35 || M || Javelin Throw || Decathlon - Group B
|-
|18:15 || M || 1500 Metres || Decathlon U20
|-
! colspan="4" | Field Events
|-
|09:20 || W || Shot Put || Qualification
|-
|11:55 || M || Discus Throw (1.750 kg) || Qualification - Group A
|-
|13:05 || M || Discus Throw (1.750 kg) || Qualification - Group B
|-
|16:00 || M || Pole Vault || Final
|-
|16:10 || W || Shot Put || Final
|-
|16:55 || M || High Jump || Final
|-
|17:15 || M || Long Jump || Final
|-
|17:45 || W || Javelin Throw || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | END OF DAY FOUR
|-
! colspan="4" | DAY FIVE—SATURDAY, AUGUST 31ST
|-
|16:35 || W || 400 Metres Hurdles || Final
|-
|16:45 || M || 400 Metres Hurdles || Final
|-
|17:00 || W || 1500 Metres || Final
|-
|17:15 || M || 3000 Metres Steeplechase || Final
|-
|17:45 || W || 4x100 Metres Relay || Final
|-
|17:55 || M || 4x100 Metres Relay || Final
|-
|18:10 || M || 1500 Metres || Final
|-
|18:30 || W || 4x400 Metres Relay || Final
|-
|18:50 || M || 4x400 Metres Relay || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | Field Events
|-
|16:00 || M || Discus Throw (1.750 kg) || Final
|-
|16:25 || W || High Jump || Final
|-
|17:10 || W || Triple Jump || Final
|-
|17:40 || W || Hammer Throw || Final
|-
! colspan="4" | END OF DAY FIVE
|}
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24/timetable |title=2024 World Athletics U20 Championships Timetable }}</ref>

==Qualifying Standards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event !! Men !! Women
|-
|100 m || 10.55 || 11.78
|-
| 200 m || 21.35 || 24.35
|-
| 400 m ||47.65 || 54.40
|-
| 800 m ||1:50.50 || 2:09.00
|-
| 1500 m ||3:48.00 || 4:27.50
|-
| 3000 m ||8:07.00 || 9:32.00
|-
| 5000 m || 14:08.00 || 16:30.00
|-
| 3000 m sc || 9:02.00 || 10:38.00
|-
| 100 mH || – || 14.20
|-
| 110 mH || 14.20 00.991 || –
|-
| 400 mH || 53.20 || 61.00
|-
| 10,000 m RW || 43:50.00 || 49:30.00
|-
| 4x100 m Relay || No standard || No standard
|-
| 4x400 m Relay || No standard || No standard
|-
| 4x400 m Mixed Relay || No standard || No standard
|-
| Heptathlon || – || 5300 points
|-
| Decathlon || 7080 points || –
|-
| High Jump || 2.13 || 1.80
|-
| Pole Vault || 5.10 || 4.00
|-
| Long Jump || 7.56 || 6.20
|-
| Triple Jump || 15.50 || 12.90
|-
| Shot Put || 18.20 (6 kg) || 14.50 (4 kg)
|-
| Discus || 55.50 || 49.00
|-
| Hammer || 67.50 (6 kg) || 57.50
|-
| Javelin || 68.00 || 49.50
|}
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.revolutionise.com.au/cups/aa/files/kdw3ypwritgm3kgh.pdf |title=World Athletics U20 Championships Lima 24 Qualification System and Entry Standards }}</ref><ref name=standards>{{cite web|url=https://assets.aws.worldathletics.org/document/61c4ae76d538e4da126bc0db.pdf |title=World U20 Championships Entry Standards |date=3 January 2022 |work=[[World Athletics]]}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://athletics.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-World-Athletics-U20-Championships-Selection-Criteria-FINAL.pdf |title=World Athletics U20 Championships [Version 1.0] Page 18 of 18 Appendix A – AC Qualifying Standards }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://athletics.com.au/able-bodied/iaaf-world-u20-championships/ |title=2024 WORLD ATHLETICS U20 CHAMPIONSHIPS }}</ref>

==Men's results==
===Track events===
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
|[[100 metres]] (Wind: -0.9 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 100 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Bayanda Walaza]]|RSA}} || 10.19
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Puripol Boonson]]|THA}} || 10.22
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Bradley Nkoana]]|RSA}} || 10.26
|-
|[[200 metres]] (Wind: -0.7 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 200 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Bayanda Walaza]]|RSA}} || 20.52
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Gout Gout]]|AUS}} || 20.60
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jake Odey-Jordan]]|GBR}} || 20.81 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|-
|[[400 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 400 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Udeme Okon]]|RSA}} || 45.69
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jayden Davis (sprinter)|Jayden Davis]]|USA}} || 46.08
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sidi Njie]]|USA}} || 46.29
|-
|[[800 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 800 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[General Ayansa]]|ETH}} || 1:46.86
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Peyton Craig]]|AUS}} || 1:46.95
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Ko Ochiai]]|JPN}} || 1:47.03
|-
|[[1500 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 1500 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Abdisa Fayisa]]|ETH}} || 3:40.51
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Cameron Myers]]|AUS}} || 3:40.60
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Alex Pintado]]|ESP}} || 3:41.03
|-
|[[3000 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 3000 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Andreas Fjeld Halvorsen|Andreas Halvorsen]]|NOR}} || 8:20.56
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Denis Kipkoech]]|KEN}} || 8:20.79
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Edward Bird (runner)|Edward Bird]]|GBR}} || 8:21.00
|-
|[[5000 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 5000 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Andrew Alamisi]]|KEN}} || 13:41.14
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Abdisa Fayisa]]|ETH}} || 13:41.56
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Keneth Kiprop]]|UGA}} || 13:41.73 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|-
|[[110 metres hurdles]] (Wind: -0.5 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Ja'Kobe Tharp]]|USA}} || 13.05 {{athAbbr|WU20L}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Andre Korbmacher]]|USA}} || 13.14 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Yuanjiang Chen]]|CHN}} || 13.21 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|-
|[[400 metres hurdles]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Vance Nilsson]]|USA}} || 49.26 {{athAbbr|WU20L}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Michal Rada]]|CZE}} || 49.30 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Antti Sainio]]|FIN}} || 49.61
|-
|[[3000 metres steeplechase]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Edmund Serem]]|KEN}} || 8:15.28 {{athAbbr|WU20L}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Matthew Kosgei]]|KEN}} || 8:17.46 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Hailu Ayalew]]|ETH}} || 8:24.08 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
|[[4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 metres relay]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|JAM}} [[Jace Witter]] [[Gary Card]] [[Nyrone Wade]] [[Deandre Daley]] || 39.18 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|GBR}} [[Jake Odey-Jordan]] [[Joel Masters]] [[Dean Patterson]] [[Teddy Wilson (sprinter)|Teddy Wilson]] [[Fabian Powell]]* || 39.20 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|THA}} [[Wirayut Daenkhanob]] [[Sarawut Nuansi]] [[Chutithat Pruksorranan]] [[Puripol Boonson]] || 39.39 {{AthAbbr|NU20R}}
|-
|[[4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 metres relay]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|USA}} [[Jayden Davis (sprinter)|Jayden Davis]] [[Xavier Donaldson]] [[Alexander Rhodes]] [[Sidi Njie]] [[Grant Buckmiller]]* [[Gabriel Clement II]]* || 3:03.56 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|RSA}} [[Bryan Katoo]] [[Sihle Mahlangu]] [[Njabulo Mbatha]] [[Udeme Okon]] [[Kryn Romijn]]* || 3:05.22 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|AUS}} [[Caleb Kilpatrick]] [[Jett Grundy]] [[Jack Deguara]] [[Jordan Gilbert (sprinter)|Jordan Gilbert]] || 3:05.53 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|-
|[[10,000 metres race walk|10,000 m walk]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres walk}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Rayen Cherni]]|TUN}} || 39:24.85 {{athAbbr|CR|World Athletics U20 Championships}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Emiliano Barba]]|MEX}} || 39:27.10 {{athAbbr|AU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Giuseppe Disabato]]|ITA}} || 39:31.25 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|}

===Field events===
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
| [[High jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's high jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Scottie Vines (high jumper)|Scottie Vines]]|USA}} || 2.25 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Matteo Sioli]]|ITA}} || 2.23 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Kaisei Nakatani]]|JPN}} || 2.19 m
|-
| [[Pole vault]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's pole vault}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Hendrik Müller]]|GER}} || 5.45 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Rikuya Yoshida]]|JPN}} || 5.40 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jan Krček]]|CZE}} || 5.30 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
| [[Long jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's long jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Roko Farkaš]]|CRO}} || 8.17 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Luka Bošković]]|SRB}} || 7.93 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Mason McGroder]]|AUS}} || 7.80 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
| [[Triple jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Ethan Olivier]]|NZL}} || 17.01 m ={{athAbbr|AU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Karson Gordon]]|USA}} || 16.74 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Yinglong Ma]]|CHN}} || 16.30 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
| [[Shot put]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's shot put}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jarno van Daalen]]|NED}} || 20.76 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[JL van Rensburg]]|RSA}} || 20.74 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Georg Harpf]]|GER}} || 20.28 m
|-
| [[Discus throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's discus throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Bryce Ruland]]|USA}} || 62.59 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jarno van Daalen]]|NED}} || 62.22 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Mico Lampinen]]|FIN}} || 62.20 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
| [[Hammer throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's hammer throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Iosif Kesidis]]|CYP}} || 82.80 m {{athAbbr|WU20L}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Roland Imre]]|HUN}} || 75.33 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Ármin Szabados]]|HUN}} || 74.88 m
|-
| [[Javelin throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's javelin throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Tom Teršek]]|SLO}} || 76.81 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Xiaobo Wang]]|CHN}} || 75.50 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Oisín Joyce]]|IRL}} || 73.89 m {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|}

===Combined events===
{|{{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
| [[Decathlon]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's decathlon}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Tomas Järvinen]]|CZE}} || 8425 pts {{athAbbr|CR|World Athletics U20 Championships}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Hubert Trościanka]]|POL}} || 8230 pts {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Florian Vriezen]]|NED}} || 7820 pts {{athAbbr|PB}}
|}

==Women's results==
===Track events===
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
|[[100 metres]] (Wind: +0.0 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 100 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Alana Reid]]|JAM}} || 11.17
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Adaejah Hodge]]|IVB}} || 11.27
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Kishawna Niles]]|BAR}} || 11.37
|-
|[[200 metres]] (Wind: -0.7 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 200 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Adaejah Hodge]]|IVB}} || 22.74
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Torrie Lewis]]|AUS}} || 22.88 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Shanoya Douglas]]|JAM}} || 23.10
|-
|[[400 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 400 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Lurdes Gloria Manuel]]|CZE}} || 51.29
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Dianna Proctor]]|CAN}} || 51.98 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Zaya Akins]]|USA}} || 52.00
|-
|[[800 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 800 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sarah Moraa]]|KEN}} || 2:00.36
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Claudia Hollingsworth]]|AUS}} || 2:00.87
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sophia Gorriaran]]|USA}} || 2:01.04
|-
|[[1500 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 1500 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Saron Berhe]]|ETH}} || 4:16.64
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Rachel Forsyth]]|CAN}} || 4:17.94
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jolanda Kallabis]]|GER}} || 4:19.34
|-
|[[3000 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 3000 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Aleshign Baweke]]|ETH}} || 8:50.32
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Marion Jepngetich]]|KEN}} || 8:52.37
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Marta Alemayo]]|ETH}} || 8:53.64
|-
|[[5000 metres]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 5000 metres}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Mekedes Alemeshete]]|ETH}} || 14:57.44 {{athAbbr|CR|World Athletics U20 Championships}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Charity Cherop]]|UGA}} || 15:25.02 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Mercy Chepkemoi]]|KEN}} || 15:33.29
|-
|[[100 metres hurdles]] (Wind: -0.3 m/s) {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Kerrica Hill]]|JAM}} || 12.99
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Mia Wild]]|CRO}} || 13.15
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Delta Amidzovski]]|AUS}} || 13.24
|-
|[[400 metres hurdles]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 400 metres hurdles}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Méta Tumba]]|FRA}} || 55.59 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Wiktoria Gadajska]]|POL}} || 56.87 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Hannah van Niekerk]]|RSA}} || 56.98 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
|[[3000 metres steeplechase]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sembo Almayew]]|ETH}} || 9:12.71 {{athAbbr|CR|World Athletics U20 Championships}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Loice Chekwemoi]]|UGA}} || 9:18.84 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Diana Chepkemoi (athlete, born 2007)|Diana Chepkemoi]]|KEN}} || 9:29.84 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
|[[4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 metres relay]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|JAM}} [[Shanoya Douglas]] [[Alliah Baker]] [[Briana Campbell]] [[Alana Reid]] [[Sabrina Dockery]]* || 43.39 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|SUI}} [[Timea Rankl]] [[Lia Thalmann]] [[Chloé Rabac]] [[Alicia Masini]] || 44.06 {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|CAN}} [[Savannah Blair]] [[Dianna Proctor]] [[Ashley Odiase]] [[Renée Roxane Tedga]] [[Kiara Webb]]* || 44.60 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|-
|[[4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 metres relay]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|USA}} [[Michaela Mouton]] [[Olivia Harris (sprinter)|Olivia Harris]] [[Josie Donelson]] [[Zaya Akins]] [[Lakely Doht-Barron]]* [[Isabella Kneeshaw]]* || 3:30.74 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|AUS}} [[Amelia Rowe]] [[Bella Pasquali]] [[Jemma Pollard]] [[Sophia Gregorevic]] [[Charlotte McAuliffe]]* || 3:31.47 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|valign=top|{{flagcountry|GBR}} [[Charlotte Henrich]] [[Emma Holmes (sprinter)|Emma Holmes]] [[Kara DaCosta]] [[Rebecca Grieve]] [[Jessica Astill]]* [[Nandy Kihuyu]]* || 3:32.80 {{athAbbr|SB}}
|-
|[[10,000 metres race walk|10,000 m walk]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 10,000 metres walk}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Baima Zhuoma]]|CHN}} || 43:26.60 {{athAbbr|WU20L}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Chen Meiling (athlete)|Chen Meiling]]|CHN}} || 44:30.67 {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flag link medalist|[[Aarti Bhadana]]|IND|2024 World U20}} || 44:39.39
|}

===Field events===
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
| [[High jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's high jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Angelina Topić]]|SRB}} || 1.91 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Izobelle Louison-Roe]]|AUS}} || 1.89 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Karmen Bruus]]|EST}} || 1.89 m {{athAbbr|SB}}
|-
| [[Pole vault]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's pole vault}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Molly Haywood]]|USA}} || 4.47 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Magdalena Rauter]]|AUT}} || 4.15 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Tryphena Hewett]]|AUS}} || 4.15 m
|-
| [[Long jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's long jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Delta Amidzovski]]|AUS}} || 6.58 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sophia Beckmon]]|USA}} || 6.54 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Julia Adamczyk]]|POL}} || 6.34 m
|-
| [[Triple jump]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Sharifa Davronova]]|UZB}} || 13.75 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Yi Li (triple jumper)|Yi Li]]|CHN}} || 13.55 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Erika Saraceni]]|ITA}} || 13.46 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|-
| [[Shot put]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's shot put}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Akaoma Odeluga]]|USA}} || 17.34 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Martina Mazurová]]|CZE}} || 16.38 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Ching-Yuan Chiang]]|TPE}} || 16.01 m {{athAbbr|NU20R}}
|-
| [[Discus throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's discus throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Bingyang Han]]|CHN}} || 57.57 m {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jingru Huang]]|CHN}} || 56.47 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Marley Raikiwasa]]|AUS}} || 56.25 m
|-
| [[Hammer throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's hammer throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jiale Zhange]]|CHN}} || 68.95 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Valentina Savva]]|CYP}} || 67.21 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Villő Viszkeleti]]|HUN}} || 64.94 m
|-
| [[Javelin throw]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's javelin throw}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Yan Ziyi]]|CHN}} || 63.05 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Pin-Hsun Chu]]|TPE}} || 54.28 m
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Evelyn Bliss]]|USA}} || 54.01 m
|}

===Combined events===
{|{{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}}
|-
| [[Heptathlon]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's heptathlon}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Jana Koščak]]|CRO}} || 5807 pts
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Lucia Acklin]]|SUI}} || 5755 pts {{athAbbr|PB}}
|{{Flagmedalist|[[Adéla Tkáčová]]|CZE}} || 5601 pts
|}

== Mixed results ==
===Track===
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2|labelwidth=140}}
|- valign=top
|[[Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 metres relay]] {{detailslink|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay}}
| {{flagcountry|AUS}} [[Jordan Gilbert (athlete)|Jordan Gilbert]] [[Bella Pasquali]] [[Jack Deguara]] [[Sophia Gregorevic]]
| 3:19.27 {{AthAbbr|AU20R}}
| {{flagcountry|POL}} [[Jakub Szarapo]] [[Wiktoria Gajosz]] [[Stanisław Strzelecki]] [[Zofia Tomczyk]] [[Michał Kijewski]]*
| 3:20.44 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
| {{flagcountry|CHN}} [[Haoran Fu]] [[Yalun Wang]] [[Ailixier Wumaier]] [[Yinglan Liu]] [[Xinfeng Xu]]*
| 3:21.27 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|}
{{small|<nowiki>*</nowiki> – Indicates the athlete competed in preliminary heats but not the final.}}

== Medal table ==
{{Medals table
| caption =
| host = PER
| flag_template = flagcountry
| event =
| team =
| source = [https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24/medaltable World Athletics U20 Championships Lima 24 Medal Table]
| gold_USA = 8 | silver_USA = 4 | bronze_USA = 4
| gold_ETH = 6 | silver_ETH = 2 | bronze_ETH = 2
| gold_CHN = 4 | silver_CHN = 4 | bronze_CHN = 3
| gold_JAM = 4 | silver_JAM = 0 | bronze_JAM = 1
| gold_KEN = 3 | silver_KEN = 3 | bronze_KEN = 1
| gold_RSA = 3 | silver_RSA = 2 | bronze_RSA = 2
| gold_AUS = 2 | silver_AUS = 7 | bronze_AUS = 5
| gold_CZE = 2 | silver_CZE = 2 | bronze_CZE = 2
| gold_CRO = 2 | silver_CRO = 1 | bronze_CRO = 0
| gold_NED = 1 | silver_NED = 1 | bronze_NED = 1
| gold_IVB = 1 | silver_IVB = 1 | bronze_IVB = 0
| gold_CYP = 1 | silver_CYP = 1 | bronze_CYP = 0
| gold_SRB = 1 | silver_SRB = 1 | bronze_SRB = 0
| gold_GER = 1 | silver_GER = 0 | bronze_GER = 2
| gold_FRA = 1 | silver_FRA = 0 | bronze_FRA = 0
| gold_NZL = 1 | silver_NZL = 0 | bronze_NZL = 0
| gold_NOR = 1 | silver_NOR = 0 | bronze_NOR = 0
| gold_SLO = 1 | silver_SLO = 0 | bronze_SLO = 0
| gold_TUN = 1 | silver_TUN = 0 | bronze_TUN = 0
| gold_UZB = 1 | silver_UZB = 0 | bronze_UZB = 0
| gold_POL = 0 | silver_POL = 3 | bronze_POL = 1
| gold_CAN = 0 | silver_CAN = 2 | bronze_CAN = 1
| gold_SUI = 0 | silver_SUI = 2 | bronze_SUI = 0
| gold_GBR = 0 | silver_GBR = 1 | bronze_GBR = 3
| gold_HUN = 0 | silver_HUN = 1 | bronze_HUN = 2
| gold_ITA = 0 | silver_ITA = 1 | bronze_ITA = 2
| gold_JPN = 0 | silver_JPN = 1 | bronze_JPN = 2
| gold_UGA = 0 | silver_UGA = 1 | bronze_UGA = 2
| gold_TPE = 0 | silver_TPE = 1 | bronze_TPE = 1
| gold_THA = 0 | silver_THA = 1 | bronze_THA = 1
| gold_AUT = 0 | silver_AUT = 1 | bronze_AUT = 0
| gold_MEX = 0 | silver_MEX = 1 | bronze_MEX = 0
| gold_FIN = 0 | silver_FIN = 0 | bronze_FIN = 2
| gold_BAR = 0 | silver_BAR = 0 | bronze_BAR = 1
| gold_EST = 0 | silver_EST = 0 | bronze_EST = 1
| gold_IND = 0 | silver_IND = 0 | bronze_IND = 1
| gold_IRL = 0 | silver_IRL = 0 | bronze_IRL = 1
| gold_ESP = 0 | silver_ESP = 0 | bronze_ESP = 1
}}

==Placing table==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:; font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Rank!!Country!!{{Gold1}}!!{{Silver2}}!!{{Bronze3}}!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!Points
|-
!1
|align=left|{{USA}}||8||4||4||3||6||2||3||3||170
|-
!2
|align=left|{{AUS}}||2||7||5||3||4||2||4||1||141
|-
!3
|align=left|{{CHN}}||4||4||3||3||0||4||2||2||111
|-
!4
|align=left|{{ETH}}||6||2||2||3||0||1||0||2||94
|-
!5
|align=left|{{KEN}}||3||3||1||3||2||0||2||0||78
|-
!6
|align=left|{{RSA}}||3||2||2||2||2||0||1||0||70
|-
!7
|align=left|{{GER}}||1||0||2||3||3||4||2||3||66
|-
!8
|align=left|{{JAM}}||4||0||1||2||0||2||2||1||59
|-
!9
|align=left|{{GBR2}}||0||1||3||2||3||1||2||1||55
|-
!10
|align=left|{{JAP}}||0||1||2||1||5||2||1||2||54
|-
!11
|align=left|{{POL}}||0||3||1||3||1||1||2||0||53
|-
!12
|align=left|{{CZE}}||2||2||2||0||1||0||1||1||49
|-
!rowspan=2|13
|align=left|{{FRA}}||1||0||0||1||3||2||1||5||38
|-
|align=left|{{UGA}}||0||1||2||0||3||1||2||0||38
|-
!15
|align=left|{{ITA}}||0||1||2||0||2||1||1||1||33
|-
!16
|align=left|{{CAN}}||0||2||1||2||0||0||1||0||32
|-
!17
|align=left|{{HUN}}||0||1||2||2||0||0||1||0||31
|-
!18
|align=left|{{UKR}}||0||0||0||3||1||3||0||1||29
|-
!19
|align=left|{{CRO}}||2||1||0||1||0||0||0||0||28
|-
!20
|align=left|{{NED}}||1||1||1||0||1||0||0||0||25
|-
!21
|align=left|{{NOR}}||1||0||0||1||0||3||0||2||24
|-
!rowspan=2|22
|align=left|{{SUI}}||0||2||0||1||0||0||1||0||21
|-
|align=left|{{FIN}}||0||0||2||0||1||1||1||0||21
|-
!24
|align=left|{{CYP}}||1||1||0||0||0||1||0||0||18
|-
!rowspan=2|25
|align=left|{{TPE}}||0||1||1||0||0||1||0||0||16
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||0||0||1||0||1||2||0||0||16
|-
!rowspan=2|27
|align=left|{{IVB}}||1||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||15
|-
|align=left|{{SRB}}||1||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||15
|-
!rowspan=2|29
|align=left|{{ESP}}||0||0||1||0||0||2||1||0||14
|-
|align=left|{{SWE}}||0||0||0||1||0||2||1||1||14
|-
!31
|align=left|{{THA}}||0||1||1||0||0||0||0||0||13
|-
!rowspan=3|32
|align=left|{{UZB}}||1||0||0||0||0||1||0||0||11
|-
|align=left|{{IRL}}||0||0||1||0||0||1||1||0||11
|-
|align=left|{{QAT}}||0||0||0||1||0||2||0||0||11
|-
!rowspan=2|35
|align=left|{{MEX}}||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||0||10
|-
|align=left|{{NGR}}||0||0||0||0||2||0||1||0||10
|-
!37
|align=left|{{SVN}}||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||9
|-
!rowspan=3|38
|align=left|{{NZL}}||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||8
|-
|align=left|{{TUN}}||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||8
|-
|align=left|{{CUB}}||0||0||0||0||1||1||0||1||8
|-
!rowspan=3|41
|align=left|{{AUT}}||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||7
|-
|align=left|{{EST}}||0||0||1||0||0||0||0||1||7
|-
|align=left|{{ROM}}||0||0||0||1||0||0||1||0||7
|-
!rowspan=3|44
|align=left|{{BAR}}||0||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||6
|-
|align=left|{{COL}}||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0||6
|-
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|-
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|-
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''Source:''<ref name="placingtable24">{{cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24/placingtable|title=World Athletics U20 Championships Lima 24 Placing Table|publisher=worldathletics.org|access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref>

==Participation==
The following is a list of participating nations with the number of qualified athletes in brackets. A country without any qualified athlete could enter either one male or one female.<ref name=standards/> A total 134 National Associations (plus the teams from [[Authorized Neutral Athletes]] and [[Athlete Refugee Team]]) and 1,720 athletes are scheduled to compete.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.aws.worldathletics.org/document/66bf3a13ec1fce879076e178.pdf|title=2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Entry Lists by Country|publisher=[[World Athletics]]|date=16 August 2024}}</ref>

{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*{{ALG}} (16)
*{{AND}} (1)
*{{ANG}} (1)
*{{ARG}} (12)
*{{ART}} (3)
*{{ARU}} (1)
*{{AUS}} (68)
*{{AUT}} (8)
*{{BAH}} (13)
*{{BAR}} (4)
*{{BEL}} (14)
*{{BER}} (1)
*{{BOL}} (1)
*{{BIH}} (2)
*{{BOT}} (12)
*{{BRA}} (34)
*{{IVB}} (1)
*{{BUL}} (11)
*{{BUR}} (1)
*{{BDI}} (3)
*{{CAN}} (32)
*{{CAY}} (1)
*{{CHI}} (14)
*{{CHN}} (35)
*{{TPE}} (5)
*{{COL}} (21)
*{{COK}} (1)
*{{CRC}} (1)
*{{CRO}} (13)
*{{CUB}} (10)
*{{CYP}} (8)
*{{CZE}} (35)
*{{DEN}} (15)
*{{DMA}} (1)
*{{DOM}} (2)
*{{ECU}} (18)
*{{EGY}} (2)
*{{ESA}} (1)
*{{EST}} (19)
*{{ETH}} (21)
*{{FIN}} (20)
*{{FRA}} (42)
*{{GER}} (92)
*{{GBR2}} (39)
*{{GRE}} (19)
*{{GRN}} (9)
*{{GUA}} (4)
*{{GUY}} (10)
*{{HAI}} (2)
*{{HON}} (1)
*{{HKG}} (8)
*{{HUN}} (20)
*{{ISL}} (2)
*{{flaglink|IND|at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships}} (43)
*{{IRQ}} (2)
*{{IRL}} (16)
*{{ISR}} (7)
*{{ITA}} (61)
*{{CIV}} (1)
*{{JAM}} (48)
*{{JPN}} (40)
*{{KAZ}} (5)
*{{KEN}} (20)
*{{KUW}} (3)
*{{LAT}} (18)
*{{LBN}} (1)
*{{LES}} (1)
*{{LBR}} (1)
*{{LIE}} (1)
*{{LTU}} (9)
*{{LUX}} (2)
*{{MAC}} (1)
*{{MAS}} (7)
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*{{MLT}} (1)
*{{MRI}} (2)
*{{MEX}} (17)
*{{MDA}} (1)
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*{{MSR}} (1)
*{{MAR}} (13)
*{{MOZ}} (3)
*{{NAM}} (1)
*{{NED}} (13)
*{{NZL}} (16)
*{{NCA}} (1)
*{{NIG}} (1)
*{{NGR}} (20)
*{{MKD}} (1)
*{{NMI}} (1)
*{{NOR}} (21)
*{{OMA}} (1)
*{{PLE}} (1)
*{{PAR}} (1)
*{{PER}} (30) '''(hosts)'''
*{{POL}} (37)
*{{POR}} (13)
*{{PUR}} (10)
*{{QAT}} (11)
*{{CGO}} (3)
*{{ROU}} (19)
*{{RWA}} (1)
*{{SKN}} (2)
*{{LCA}} (1)
*{{VIN}} (3)
*{{KSA}} (9)
*{{SEN}} (1)
*{{SRB}} (17)
*{{SEY}} (1)
*{{SGP}} (2)
*{{SVK}} (9)
*{{SLO}} (18)
*{{RSA}} (44)
*{{KOR}} (14)
*{{ESP}} (52)
*{{SRI}} (12)
*{{SWE}} (20)
*{{SUI}} (42)
*{{TAN}} (1)
*{{THA}} (9)
*{{TTO}} (17)
*{{TUN}} (10)
*{{TUR}} (5)
*{{TCA}} (1)
*{{UGA}} (11)
*{{UKR}} (19)
*{{USA}} (100)
*{{ISV}} (3)
*{{URU}} (2)
*{{UZB}} (6)
*{{VEN}} (6)
*{{VIE}} (1)
*{{ZIM}} (8)
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24 Official Site]

{{Championships organised by World Athletics}}
{{2024 in athletics}}

[[Category:2024 World Athletics U20 Championships| ]]
[[Category:2024 in the sport of athletics|World U20 Championships]]
[[Category:2024 in youth sport|World Athletics U20 Championships]]
[[Category:World Athletics U20 Championships|2024 World Athletics U20 Championships]]
[[Category:2024 in Peruvian sport|World Athletics U20 Championships]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Lima]]
[[Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Peru]]
[[Category:August 2024 sports events in South America|World Athletics U20 Championships]]
[[Category:2020s in Lima]]
[[Category:2024 in international sports]]
[[Category:Youth sport in Peru]]

Diesel Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam

2026-05-06T13:51:17Z

Greensobhacondo: starting a article - done

{{Short description|Loco shed in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox railway depot
| image = A WDM 3A loco (14090) of Visakhapatnam shed with a passenger train at Bhilai.jpg
| image_upright = 2.0
| caption = VSKP based WDM-3A at Bhilai Nagar.
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.7291667|83.2677778|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Andhra Pradesh, India]]
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator =
| depotcode = VSKP (D)
| type = [[Motive power depot]]
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|1965|05|01}}
| rollingstock = [[WDG-3A]] [[WDG-4|WDG-4/4D]] [[WAG-9]] [[Indian locomotive class WAG D-9|WAG D-9]]
| pregrouping = [[East Coast Railway zone]]
| postgrouping = [[South Coast Railway zone]]
}}

The '''Diesel Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam''' (DLS/VSKP) is an [[Motive power depot|engine shed]] located in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name = "ECR - Visakhapatnam DLS">{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Diesel Loco Shed (Visakhapatnam) |url=https://eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,1290,1711,1718,1726,1727 |website= |location= |publisher=[[East Coast Railway zone|ECR]] |access-date=21 February 2026}}</ref> Administered by the [[Waltair railway division]] of [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]], it was established on 2 May 1965 with a fleet of 13 [[Indian locomotive class WDM-1|WDM-1]] locomotives.<ref name = "Yo Vizag - Visakhapatnam DLS' 60th Anniversary">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=3 May 2025 |title=Visakhapatnam Diesel Locomotive Shed celebrates 60th anniversary |url=https://www.yovizag.com/visakhapatnam-diesel-locomotive-shed-celebrates-60th-anniversary/ |work= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=21 February 2026}}</ref> As of February 2026, it is one of the biggest diesel sheds of the [[Indian Railways]] with over 200 locomotives.

== History ==
Visakhapatnam Diesel Loco Shed was established on 2 May 1965 for the transportation of [[iron ore]] from [[Bailadila Range|Bailadila mines]] to [[Visakhapatnam Port]].<ref name = "Yo Vizag - Visakhapatnam DLS' 60th Anniversary" /> Its initial fleet contained 13 [[Indian locomotive class WDM-1|WDM-1]] locomotives.<ref name = "ECR - Visakhapatnam DLS" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railnews.in/visakhapatnam-diesel-loco-shed-crosses-a-milestone/|title=Visakhapatnam Diesel Loco Shed crosses a Milestone – RailNews Media India Ltd|access-date=9 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214115913/http://www.railnews.in/visakhapatnam-diesel-loco-shed-crosses-a-milestone/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2, 2025 |title=Visakhapatnam Diesel Loco Shed completes 60 glorious years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/visakhapatnam-diesel-loco-shed-completes-60-glorious-years/article69531974.ece |access-date=2026-04-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Operations ==
It is the biggest Diesel Loco Shed in Indian Railways having a capacity to hold more than 300 locos,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/another-milestone-for-diesel-loco-shed/article32216190.ece|title=Another milestone for Diesel Loco Shed|date=28 July 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> and the largest in Asia based on that capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/diesel-loco-shed-in-vizag-comes-up-with-uv-based-sanitisers/article31984336.ece|title=Diesel Loco Shed in Vizag comes up with UV-based sanitisers|first=B. Madhu|last=Gopal|date=3 July 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> It mainly provided Diesel locos to the unelectrified sections of ECoR and sections of SCoR.{{fact|date=December 2022}}

== Locomotives ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Serial No. !! Locomotive Class !! Horsepower!! Quantity
|-
| 1. || [[WDG-3A]] || 3100 || 1
|-
| 2. || [[WDG-4|WDG-4/4D]] || 4500 || 131
|-
| 3. || [[WAG-9]] || 6120 || 200
|-
| 4. || [[Indian locomotive class WAG D-9|WAG D-9]] || 9000 || 34
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total Locomotives Active as of May 2026'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Railway Website Mechanical Department|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,541,710,717|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=e-locos|url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508044642/http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html|archive-date=8 May 2016|access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>||366
|}

== See also ==
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam]]
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Angul]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Locomotives Sheds of India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]

Mrityunjay Kumar Singh

2026-05-04T20:19:03Z

Greensobhacondo: made new bio added tags!

{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Bio|date=May 2021}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=May 2021}}
}}

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Mrityunjay Kumar Singh
| image =
| imagesize = 100px
| alt = Mrityunjay Kumar Singh
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1961|8|30}}
| birth_place = [[Sonbarsa]], Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Indian Police Service]], poet, columnist, lyricist, [[Folk music|Folk Singer]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = St. Columbus College, Hazaribagh; [[Kirori Mal College]], DU
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Collection of Hindi Poems, KIRCHEN & Bilingual Transcreation (Hindi & English) of 'MEGHDOOT' of Kalidasa
| spouse = Manjula Singh
| partner =
| children = Ishaan Singh & Shaunak Singh
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://mrityunjaykumarsingh.blogspot.com}}
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Mrityunjay Kumar Singh''' (born 30 August 1961) is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] Officer of the 1987 batch belonging to the West Bengal Cadre. He is also a poet, columnist, lyricist and [[folk musician]].

== Life ==

Mrityunjay Kumar Singh, also known as MK Singh, was born in 1961 in [[Sonbarsa]], Bihar. He was brought up in the rural environs of Western Bihar, a land rich and ripe with crops and culture.

As Superintendent of Police, Murshidabad he worked for safety, security and conservation of the Hazar Duari palace and museum of Murshidabad in West Bengal, being maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India in 1997–98.

He also worked simultaneously as the Director of the Branch Secretariat of [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], Kolkata dealing with consular, border and bilateral and multilateral diplomatic matters related to Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal.

MK worked with NGOs of India and Bangladesh dealing with illegal child trafficking and migration across International border and their restoration and reintegration with their families from 2003 to 2007.

He also represented India in [[UNICEF|UNICEF']]<nowiki/>s multilateral discussion on illegal trafficking and migration of Children across International borders in South Asia held in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2007.

MK represented India as a member of the Working Committee to formulate scope and objectives of 'Bali Democracy Forum'(a multilateral forum to discuss and deliberate on development & implementation of democracy and its ethics) in December 2008.

As Counsellor of the Embassy of India, Jakarta and Director of Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Cultural Centre, Jakarta and Indian Cultural Centre, Bali, worked to innovate ways for breaking new grounds of people to people contact, collaborations, sharing and deeper understanding of diverse views and cultures. Hosted a very successful 'Festival of India' in Indonesia in 2009–10 (held after 7 years) with 48 events in 7 cities of Indonesia under the supervision of the Ambassador of India to Indonesia. Commended by the Indian Ambassador for the said feat.

After completing his tenure as Counsellor (culture), Embassy of India, Jakarta and Director of the Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Culture Centre of Jakarta as well as Indian Culture Centre, Bali, he has returned to his cadre (West Bengal) in India in 2011 and is presently working as Commandant General & Director General of Police (Home Guards), West Bengal.

MK is married to Manjula Singh, who worked as lecturer of Political Science in University of Delhi, Loreto College, Darjeeling (from 1986 to 1993)and as a Consultant to the National Centre for Jute Diversification, [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Ministry of Textiles]], Government of India for a project jointly funded by UNDP and Government of India (from 2004 to 2008). She is also associated with the management of 'Sarada Kalyan Bhandar', a NGO working with the women and children of nine villages of Midnapore in the state of West Bengal since 1998. Manjula is working as the Advisor for the Eastern India Health Initiative (a CSR activity of Medica Super speciality Hospital of Kolkata).

He has two sons – Ishaan Singh and Shaunak Singh.

MK is living and working in Kolkata (West Bengal), India.

== Works ==
===Novel===
*'Ganga Ratan Bidesi' - in Bhojpuri - Published in January 2019 by The Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi. This novel is now going to be release on 1 July on Yayawari Via Bhojpuri as an audio book.

=== Poem ===
*
* Collection of poems – 'KIRCHEN' (The Splinters) in 2007 by Anupam Prakashan of Patna, attracted critical appreciation of many Hindi literary magazines including 'Vagaarth' of Bhartiya Bhasa Parishad, Kolkata and received special critique of Mr. Arun Kamal, a Hindi poet of exceptional repute
* 'Meghdoot: The Emissary of Sunderance' – a transcreation of Sanskrit classic of Kalidasa written in the 4th or 5th century AD – published by [[Trafford Publishing]] of the US in 2012.
* Poetic transcreation of Kalidasa's Sanskrit classic 'Meghdoot: Virah ka Doot' published by [[Rajkamal Prakashan]], New Delhi in 2014.
*Collection of Hindi poems 'Aas ke Aabhas'(January 2019 - by Shilpayan Publishers, New Delhi)

===Music and drama ===
* Wrote lyrics, co-composed music and sang a Bhojpuri folk song for an album 'Suranjali' made by Eastern Zonal Culture Centre, Ministry of Culture, Government of India in December 2006 and was released by the President of India
* Travelled to Guyana & Surinam on ICCR's sponsorship in 2004, and to Mauritius on Ministry of Culture, India's sponsorship in 2005 to perform during various events organised by the Indian Diaspora
* Wrote lyrics for the songs of films like 'Chokher Bali'of Rituparno Ghosh, 'Dharm' by Bhavna Talwar, 'Via Darjeeling' of NDFC by Arindam Nandy, 'Chaturanga' of [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]] and many others
* Wrote lyrics for the songs of films like 'Chokher Bali'of Rituparno Ghosh, 'Dharm' by Bhavna Talwar, 'Via Darjeeling' of NDFC by Arindam Nandy, 'Chaturanga' of Suman Mukhopadhyay and many others
* Wrote concept and script of two collaborative dance dramas – a) 'Sri Kandi' (Shikhandi) based on tales and mythologies from Mahabharata enacted by Javanese dancing icon [[Didik Nini Thowok]] with his group of 6 dancers along with 3 Kathak and 2 Chhau dancers from India. Staged in 5 cities of Indonesia and selected by the Ministry of Culture & Tourism, Republic of Indonesia for their ASEAN International cultural event
* 'Putri Segara' (daughter of the Sea) with Balinese and Kathak dancers based on Rabindranath Tagore's poem 'Sagarika' written on Bali in 1927 during his visit to the island
* working on a musical adaptation of his 'Meghdoot' to be presented on international stage in the form of a musical drama in association with maestro Pandit Tanmoy Bose and composer Prabuddha Banarjee.
* Wrote and staged a poignant satire 'Dev Sabha'in 2015

===Papers and presentations===
* Presented a paper on "Literacy and Education through Mother Language" in a Seminar on International Mother Language Day organised by UNESCO and the National Ministry of Education, Republic of Indonesia at Institute of Technology, Bandung on 26 May 2009. The paper is published in the book of selected presentations
* Spoke on "Moslem's Heritage and its Challenges: Acceptable and Integrated Moslem” in a Talk Show at Universitas Indonesia, Depok in June 2009
* Key note speech on ‘Language Policy in India’ was published in the Book of selected Papers of the Language Centre, Ministry of Education, Republic of Indonesia in November 2010
* Lecture at London School of Public Relation (LSPR), Jakarta on ‘The similarities and affinity of Indian & Indonesian Culture” for Intercultural Day (STIKOM) in July 2009
* Represented India in the ‘Trail of Civilization’ on Borobudur at Yogyakarta in May 2009. It is a Multi-lateral cultural forum initiated by Indonesia by signing a ‘Borobudur Declaration’ between 6 nations – Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar. The forum has included India, China, Japan and Korea as friends and observers to the forum..

===Awards===
* Awarded the President of India Medal for Meritorious Service in 2003.
* Awarded ‘Kalakar Award’for ‘Best music in Regional Language’ in 2003 for Bhojpuri album ‘Ae Babua’ released by T-series in India.
* Felicitated by Bharatiya Sahitya Punarnirman Mission for my contribution to folk music and Hindi poetry in 2003 at Kolkata, India.)

== MK Singh's poetry in Indian cinema ==

MK's song Uphaar was featured in the [[Hindi film]] ''[[Dharm (film)|Dharm]]'' (2007)<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q5269203|id=tt1047459|title=Dharm}}</ref> and [[Via Darjeeling]] (2008),<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q7924371|id=tt1220718|title=Via Darjeeling}}</ref> also a Bengali film called ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]''.<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q1637583|id=tt0366304|title=Choker Bali: A Passion Play}}</ref><ref>[http://mrityunjaykumarsingh.blogspot.com Read MK’s poems on his personal blog at mrityunjaykumarsingh.blogspot.com]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111001012354/http://www.smashits.com/mrityunjay-kumar-singh/songs/lyricist-26780-page-1.html – Songs from the movie] [[Via Darjeeling]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111020135140/http://funatoz.com/download_song/Uphaar – Songs from the movie] [[Dharm]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erpCZbvHuTM – 'Ae Babua' & 'Ruk ja Sajanwa' by Mrityunjay]
*[http://www.lazydesis.com/hindi-mp3-downloads/25593-via-darjeeling-2008-a.html – for a reference to the film] [[Via Darjeeling]]
*[http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/times-of-india-the/mi_8012/is_20070517/official-calcutta-times/ai_n39444903/] – 'Nothing Official About It' article about MK Singh in Times of India, Kolkata
*[https://archive.today/20130203145416/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050818/asp/calcutta/story_5124074.asp] – 'Top Cop in Tune' article about MK Singh in The Telegraph, Calcutta
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121102104810/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070830/asp/entertainment/story_8255506.asp] – 'The Wanderers' article about MK Singh in The Telegraph, Calcutta
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130619001514/http://portal.thebengalpost.com/index.php/index/newsdetails/Taking-a-contemporary-look-at-Meghdutam-126642761354541195]
* [http://thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=433443&catid=73]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116102339/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/1/prweb10314581.htm]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/91163859/Meghdoot]
* [http://www.in.com/music/track-baarish-163357.html Baarish – Via Darjeeling – 2008 – in.com]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mrityunjay Kumar}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Living people]]

OGPL

2026-05-04T00:16:07Z

Greensobhacondo: Created info

{{Multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=April 2012}}
{{advert|date=April 2012}}
}}

'''OGPL''' (The '''Open Government Platform''') is a joint product from [[India]] and the [[United States]] to promote [[government transparency]] and greater citizen engagement by making more government data, documents, tools and processes publicly available. OGPL will be available as an [[open source]] platform. The OGPL combines and expands features of the India's "India.gov.in" and the U.S. "Data.gov" sites. By making this available in useful machine-readable formats it allows developers, analysts, media and academia to develop new applications and insights that will help give citizens more information for better informed decisions.

==Chair==

This initiative has been chaired on the Indian side by [[Sam Pitroda]], Adviser to Prime Minister on Public Information Infrastructure and Innovations and on the US side by [[Aneesh Chopra]], former Chief Technology Officer to [[Barack Obama|President Obama]].

==Features of OGPL==

Initially, OGPL will provide governments the ability to
* Publish government data, documents, apps, tools, and services from multiple departments within a government.
* Utilize [[web 2.0]] open-source technologies to develop low-cost, cloud-based infrastructure.
* Engage citizens with open data based applications and services to improve their lives.
* Create data-rich community spaces around topics of national priorities and international interest.
* Empower end-users to share data via social media platforms such as [[Facebook]], [[LinkedIn]] and [[Twitter]].
* In the future, provide publicly available [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and other tools to add external software modules for [[data visualization]], wizards, and other purposes.

==See also==

* [[My Gov]]
* [[Orchard Growers]]

==External links==
* [http://www.pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2012/mar/d2012033001.pdf OGPL brochure ]
* [http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=82025 OGPL release]
* [http://webcast.gov.in/ogpl/index.html OGPL's Webcast by Shri Kapil Sibal, Hon'ble Minister for Communications & IT and HRD]
* [https://ogpl.co.in/about/us#]

[[Category:Open government]]
[[Category:E-government in India]]
[[Category:Open government in the United States]]
[[Category:Open government in India]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Jayanta Narayan Choudhury

2026-05-01T16:39:50Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox police officer
|honorific_prefix = [[Director General]] of the [[National Security Guard]]
|name = Jayanto Narayan Choudhury
|image =
|image_upright =
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|05|05|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Lucknow]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names =
|education = MA in [[Economics]]
|alma_mater = [[Delhi School of Economics]] [[Delhi University]]
|known_for =
|notable_works =
|spouse =
|relatives =
|service_label =
|service = [[File:NSG OF-8.svg|20px|NSG OF-8]] [[Director General]] ([[National Security Guard]])
|allegiance =
|department = [[National Security Guard]] [[Intelligence Bureau (India)]] [[Assam Police]]
|branch =
|service_years = 1978-2020
|status = Retired
|rank = [[Director General]] ([[National Security Guard]]) [[File:NSG OF-8.svg|20px|NSG OF-8]]
|badge_number =
|awards =
|memorials =
|other_work =
|website =
|module =
}}

'''Jayanto Narayan Choudhury''' (born 5 May 1955), also known as '''Jayanta Narayan Choudhury''' or '''J N Choudhury''' (Assamese: জয়ন্ত নাৰায়ন চৌধুৰী) is a 1978 batch (31RR) [[Indian Police Service|IPS officer]] of [[Assam]]-[[Meghalaya]] cadre.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy: IPS Alumni Gallery: 31RR|url=https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=374:1978-batch&catid=32&Itemid=170}}</ref>

Choudhury served as the Director of [[National Security Guard]] (NSG), India from 22 January 2014 to 31 May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past & Present DG's|url=https://nsg.gov.in/dg-s-desk/former-dg-s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229002441/https://nsg.gov.in/dg-s-desk/former-dg-s|archive-date=29 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|website=[[National Security Guard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2014|title=J N Choudhury is new NSG DG|work=[[The Economics Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/j-n-choudhury-is-new-nsg-dg/articleshow/29249698.cms?from=mdr|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 December 2013|title=Centre appoints new heads for NSG, CISF|work=[[Firstpost]]|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/centre-appoints-new-heads-for-nsg-cisf-1308071.html|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 October 2014|title=NSA Ajit Doval to visit Burdwan blast site, seek Mamata's help in ongoing probe|work=[[Firstpost]]|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/nsa-ajit-doval-to-visit-burdwan-blast-site-seek-mamatas-help-in-ongoing-probe-1774019.html|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2014|title=Choudhury is new NSG DG|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/choudhury-is-new-nsg-dg-114012300492_1.html|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref>

Post retirement from the [[National Security Guard]], the [[GAIL|GAIL(India) Limited]] appointed Jayanto Narayan Choudhury as the company's Independent Director.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GAIL(India) Limited: Apoointment of Independent Director|url=https://bsmedia.business-standard.com/_media/bs/data/announcements/bse/15092017/4529e054-4b2c-4f3c-a956-102950f54f19.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108031009/https://bsmedia.business-standard.com/_media/bs/data/announcements/bse/15092017/4529e054-4b2c-4f3c-a956-102950f54f19.pdf|archive-date=8 January 2022|access-date=8 January 2022|website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Jayanta Narayan Choudhury was born on 5 May 1955.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Civil List of Indian Police Service: Volume 49|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2015|isbn=9781317352105|pages=53|language=English}}</ref> Choudhury's father was an Indian Army officer, and so he had to travel several places in his childhood along with his family. Though he was born in Lucknow, he was brought up in [[Nalbari]] of [[Assam]]. Choudhury's journey in childhood continued from Lucknow to Nalbari and Shillong. He had his basic educations in Darjeeling, [[Shillong]], and [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=17 January 2012|title=Assam DGP lists priorities|work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/assam-dgp-lists-priorities/cid/464399|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

==Police career==
Choudhury, a 1978 batch [[Assam]]-[[Meghalaya]] cadre [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], worked in various departments in different capacities at the national level.

Choudhury joined the IB in 1985.<ref name=":0" /> Choudhury served as [[Additional director general of police|Additional director]] of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] till 2011. Before that, Choudhury served as the [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] (SP) of [[North Lakhimpur]] district from June 1983 to June 1985.

Choudhury assumed the charge of the [[Director General of Police]] of [[Assam]] on the very first day of 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kalita|first=Prabin|date=31 December 2011|title=Additional director, IB, Jayanta Narayan Choudhury has been appointed as the new director general of Assam Police|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/additional-director-ib-jayanta-narayan-choudhury-has-been-appointed-as-the-new-director-general-of-assam-police-today-choudhury-is-a-1978-batch-of-ips-in-assam-meghalaya-cadre-no-1-turns-1-with-its-phenomenal-performance-and-superlative-hd-viewing-experience-movies-now-completes-one-rocking-successful-year-/articleshow/11316326.cms|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=FP Staff|date=26 July 2012|title=Watch: Assam DGP says trouble in Kokrajhar to continue for years|work=[[Firstpost]]|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/watch-assam-dgp-says-trouble-in-kokrajhar-to-continue-for-years-391433.html|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Satish|title=India's National Security: Annual Review 2014|date=3 July 2015 |publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781317352105|pages=173|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Kishalay|date=16 November 2012|title=The return of the curfew in Assam's Kokrajhar: 10 big developments|work=[[NDTV]]|url=https://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/the-return-of-the-curfew-in-assams-kokrajhar-10-big-developments-504727|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>Agarwal, V.I.B.H.U.T.I., 2013. India Takes Hard Line on Rhino Kills.</ref>

In 2014, he left over the charge of the [[Director General of Police|DGP]] of [[Assam Police]] and took the charge of 28th [[Director general|Director General]] of [[National Security Guard|NSG]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 February 2014|title=Assam politicians very polite: NSG Chief Jayanto Narayan Choudhury|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/assam-politicians-very-polite-nsg-chief-jayanto-narayan-choudhury/|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Siingh|first=Rajnath|title=Home Minister Rajnath Singh on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/rajnathsingh/status/511835573875535872|website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=29 January 2013|title=Assam Police lays down 10-year reform plan|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/assam-police-lays-down-10-year-reform-plan-113012400559_1.html|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Director General of the National Security Guard]]
* [[M. A. Ganapathy (police officer)]]
* [[Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Jayanta Narayan}}
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian police chiefs]]
[[Category:National security of India]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)]]
[[Category:Director generals of Assam Police]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]

Nilesh Gupta

2026-04-27T16:12:50Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nilesh Gupta
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |22|2004|01|17}}<ref name="forbesindia1" />
| birth_place = Kalol
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = Graduate
| alma mater = [[Bachelor of Arts|Gujarat University]] ([[Bachelor's degree|BA]]) 
[[University of Gujarat]])
| occupation = Businessman
| title = MD, [[Lupin Limited]]
| term = 2023–
| predecessor =
| successor =
| known for =
| boards = Housing Management
| spouse =
| children =
| parents = [[Nilesh Shrinivas Gupta Gupta|Shrinivas Gupta]]
}}

'''Nilesh Gupta''' (born 1981/1982) is an Indian businessman, the managing director (MD) of [[Housing Management]] since September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|author=Puneet Singh |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/scions-take-charge-at-lupin/article5082789.ece |title=Scions take charge at Lupin | Business Line |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>

==Education==
He has a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the [[Institute of Chemical Technology|University Department of Chemical Technology]], Mumbai, and an MBA from the [[Wharton School]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], U.S. in 2002,<ref name="businesstoday1">{{cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/setting-the-pace/story/251169.html |title=Setting the pace- Business News |publisher=Businesstoday.in |date=31 December 2016 |accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="forbesindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/leadership-awards-2016/vinita-nilesh-gupta-the-yin-and-yang-of-lupin/44917/1 |title=Vinita & Nilesh Gupta: The Yin and Yang of Lupin |work=Forbes India |date=25 November 2016 |accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref> where he specialized in healthcare, strategic management and finance.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

== Personal life ==
He is the only son of [[Desh Bandhu Gupta]], who founded Lupin in 1968.<ref name="businesstoday1" /> His eldest sister, [[Vinita D. Gupta|Vinita Gupta]], is the CEO.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} He has a daughter and a son.<ref name="businesstoday1" />

==Career==
Gupta joined Lupin in 1996,<ref name="forbesindia1"/> and having led the Company's research, supply chain, manufacturing, quality and regulatory operations, was made managing director in September 2013.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} Gupta, along with his sister Vinita Gupta, CEO of Lupin, won "Entrepreneur of the Year" at the Forbes India Leadership Awards in 2016,{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} and [[Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award]] for India in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ey.com/in/en/newsroom/news-releases/news-vinita-and-nilesh-gupta-of-lupin-limited-win-ey-entrepreneur-of-the-year-award-2015 |title=Vinita and Nilesh Gupta of Lupin Limited win EY Entrepreneur Of The Year Award 2015 |publisher=www.ey.com |date=11 February 2016 |accessdate=30 July 2018 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140238/https://www.ey.com/in/en/newsroom/news-releases/news-vinita-and-nilesh-gupta-of-lupin-limited-win-ey-entrepreneur-of-the-year-award-2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Nilesh}}
[[Category:1980s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Institute of Chemical Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Wharton School alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Siruthai

2026-04-23T18:23:03Z

Greensobhacondo: started initial data basic info.

{{short description|2011 film by Siva}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Siruthai
| image = Siruthai Karthi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Siva (director)|Siva]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
* K. E. Gnanavel Raja
* S. R. Prakash Babu
* [[S. R. Prabhu]]}}
| writer = {{plainlist|
* Siva
* T. Senthil Kumaran
* M. Chandran (dialogues)}}
| screenplay = Siva
| story = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Vikramarkudu]]''|[[S. S. Rajamouli]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Karthi]]
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]}}
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[R. Velraj]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = [[Studio Green]]
| distributor = Studio Green
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|1|14}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}11–13 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Remake Renaissance in Kollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/remake-renaissance-in-kollywood/articleshow/7547774.cms |access-date=11 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=14 January 2017 |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411105317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/remake-renaissance-in-kollywood/articleshow/7547774.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kohli-Khandekar |first1=Vanita |title=B-town taps festive joie de vivre |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/b-town-taps-festive-joie-de-vivre-111102100060_1.html |access-date=21 January 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811174550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/b-town-taps-festive-joie-de-vivre-111102100060_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}30 crore{{cn|date=October 2024}}
}}

'''''Siruthai''''' ({{translation|[[Leopard]]}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]-language [[Action film#India|action comedy film]] directed by [[Siva (director)|Siva]], who is also one of its co-writers. It is a remake of the 2006 Telugu film ''[[Vikramarkudu]]'', directed by [[S. S. Rajamouli]]. It stars [[Karthi]] playing [[dual roles]], alongside [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] and comedian [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]. The film was produced by K. E. Gnanavelraja and features music by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. The story revolves around "Rocket" Raja, a petty thief who comes across a little girl says that he's her father. When he learns the truth about his lookalike Rathnavel Pandian, who's an honest cop, he decides to turn a new leaf and help get rid of a crime gang.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-karthi-in-siruthai/20101110.htm |title=First Look: Karthi in Siruthai |publisher=Rediff |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=26 February 2011 |archive-date=15 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515152028/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-karthi-in-siruthai/20101110.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

It was released during [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] on 14 January 2011. Generally the film got positive responses, and was a success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/wedding-bells-for-karthi-news-tamil-le1s0Bbebba.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430072442/http://www.sify.com/movies/wedding-bells-for-karthi-news-tamil-le1s0Bbebba.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2011 |title=Wedding Bells for Karthi |website=[[Sify]] |date=28 April 2011 |access-date=8 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1701574.ece |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=Nikhil |last=Raghavan |title=Itsy-bitsy |date=16 April 2011 |access-date=10 May 2011 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024235548/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1701574.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> The success of the film led to the director Siva being known as "Siruthai Siva" from then on.<ref name="thehindudotcom">{{Cite news |date=2015-11-07 |title=‘Even those who are not will become Ajith's fans’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/siruthai-siva-speaks-on-ajiths-vedalam/article7855773.ece |access-date=2025-12-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with Bhavuji, a ruthless rowdy, receiving a call that IPS officer, Rathnavel Pandian is still alive, where everyone believed that he was killed by Bhavuji's younger brother, Badhra. Bhavuji and his henchmen went to Rathnavel's grave to exhume his body to which they found a coffin of heavy rocks, which meant that Rathnavel was still alive and Bhavuji is desperate to know his current location.

Meanwhile, Rocket Raja and his friend Kaatupoochi are small-time criminals who steals expensive items and cons people into giving them money. Kaatupoochi receives a call that a very rich person is having a wedding near their area, which Raja and Kaatupoochi go there to steal. In the wedding, Raja meets Swetha and immediately is attracted to her, which she also reciprocates. To keep her close, he lies that he works at a big office and has to perform many crimes to keep this facade going. They both begin to be in a relationship.

One day, Raja and Kaatupoochi saw a lady with a big wooden box arriving in the railway station. She told her transporter that the box is full of gold and jewels which brought the attention of Raja and Kaatupoochi. They offered to look after the box as per the lady's request with the intention of stealing the box and with the jewelries inside it. However, both of them found a little girl in the box. To their added shock, the little girl addresses Raja as her father, which made Raja very confused.

A few days later, Kaatupoochi found a photo of the little girl's real father, which turns out to be Rathnavel Pandian, who looks exactly like Raja. Raja is even more puzzled. Elsewhere, Bhavuji has sent his henchmen to look for Rathnavel Pandian. One day, Raja and the little girl was ambushed and attacked by Bhavuji's henchmen until Rathnavel Pandian arrives and along with his police comrades, killed all the henchmen. However, Rathnavel was severely injured and was hospitalised. Rathnavel's police comrade then tells Raja who Rathnavel Pandian was.

In a flashback, Rathnavel Pandian is assigned to Devipattinam, where he arrives with his motherless daughter, Divya. He is introduced to his colleagues, including officer Bharath. The town suffers under the tyranny of a ruthless don, Bhavuji, who engages in corruption, extortion, and numerous illegal activities. Bhavuji’s son, Munna, kidnaps and rapes a police officer’s wife, prompting Rathnavel to intervene. He arrests Munna, unaware of Bhavuji's vast political influence.

The corrupt Home Minister and the DGP, bowing to political pressure, force Rathnavel to release Munna, declaring him mentally unstable. At a celebratory party for Munna’s release, Rathnavel tricks him into accidentally hanging himself with a belt, leading to his death. Furious, Bhavuji seeks revenge. On Holi, Bhavuji’s brother Bhadra hiding beneath an idol stabs Rathnavel before shooting him. Though presumed dead, he survives with a brain injury. The villagers secretly protect him and send him to Chennai for treatment. To keep Divya from knowing the truth, the police officials decide to leave her in the care of Raja, who resembles Rathnavel.

In the present, Rathnavel Pandian succumbs to his injuries. To avenge his death, Raja impersonates him and returns to Devipattinam, setting his sights on Bhavuji. Bhavuji is shocked to see "Rathnavel" alive and Raja destroys everything that belonged to Bhavuji. Swetha then finds Raja, but Raja did not want to blow his cover as Rathnavel Pandian. Swetha exposed Raja's identity by showing her navel and hips, which was Raja's weakness. In the end, Raja and Bhavuji and Badhra ensue in a dramatic final fight which the both latter was killed by Raja.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Karthi]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Rocket Raja, a skilled pickpocket
** [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Rathnavel Pandian, an honest and courageous police officer
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] (voice: [[Savitha Radhakrishnan|Savitha]]) as Swetha, Raja's love interest
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Kaatu Poochi, Raja's friend
* Baby Rakshana as Divya Rathinavel Pandian, Ratnavel's daughter
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Bavuji, a don of Devipattinam
* [[Rajeev Kanakala]] as [[Inspector]] Bharath
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as Munna, Bavuji's son
* [[Supreeth]] as Bhadra, Bavuji's brother
* [[Manobala]] as Bhoom Bhoom, Bavuji's accountant
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Swetha's mother
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Toilet Patron (IT Office)
* [[Meghna Nair]] as Inspector Jhansi
* [[Bhanu Chander]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]]
* [[Vinayakan]] as Bavuji's henchman
* [[Nellai Siva]] as Doctor
* [[Master Bharath]] as Wedding guest
* Kadhal Saravanan as Wedding guest
* [[Fish Venkat]] as Bavuji's henchman
* [[Prabhas Sreenu|Seenu]] as Bavuji's henchman
* [[Raghu Karumanchi|Raghu]] as Acid Raja, Bavuji's henchman
;Cameo appearance
* [[Meghna Naidu]] in the song "Azhaga Poranthuputta"
* [[Bhumika Chawla]] as Rathnavel Pandian's wife (uncredited photo appearance)
}}

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Siruthai
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2010|12|20}}
| recorded = [[Varsha Vallaki Studios]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Film soundtrack
| length =
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Venus Records & Tapes]]
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Ilaignan]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Kaavalan]]
| next_year = 2011
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. It was described as "bland" by [[Rediff.com]],<ref name=rf>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-siruthai/20110114.htm |title=Siruthai is Karthi's show all the way |publisher=Rediff |date=14 January 2011 |access-date=8 November 2012 |archive-date=28 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228085613/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-siruthai/20110114.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> while [[Sify]] called it "catchy and youthful".<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/siruthai-is-a-family-entertainer-tamil-film-review-rating-news-national-lbps4idghgj.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118071015/http://www.sify.com/movies/siruthai-is-a-family-entertainer-tamil-film-review-rating-news-national-lbps4idghgj.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2011 |title='Siruthai' is a family entertainer (Tamil Film Review; Rating: ***) |website=[[Sify]] |date=15 January 2011 |access-date=8 November 2012}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Naan Romba Romba
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| title2 = Chellam Vada Chellam
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]], Roshan, [[Surmukhi Raman]]
| lyrics2 = Na. Muthukumar
| title3 = Azhagha Poranthuputa
| extra3 = [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadharshini]], [[Malathy Lakshman]]
| lyrics3 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| title4 = Thalattu
| extra4 = Srivardhini Thaman
| lyrics4 = [[Arivumathi]]
| title5 = Adi Rakkamma Rakku
| extra5 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Suchitra]], Roshan
| lyrics5 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| total_length =
}}

==Reception==
''[[Sify]]'' claimed that ''Siruthai'' had "come out as a festival bonanza for Tamil film goers. It is an unpretentious commercial pot boiler with ample doses of romance, comedy, action and emotion".<ref name="autogenerated1"/> N. Venkateswaran from ''[[The Times of India]]'' deemed a score of 2.5/5, citing that it "does not do anything for Karthi as an actor; what it does is to cement his position in the Tamil film industry as an actor who is a big draw at the box office".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Siruthai/movie-review/7385327.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Siruthai Movie Review |date=29 January 2011 |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106013646/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Siruthai/movie-review/7385327.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted: "Generally, well-told cop stories don't bite the dust. Nor do dual role bonanzas. Going by the norm, this Siruthai should charge ahead!"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/23/stories/2011012350030200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110102451/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/23/stories/2011012350030200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2012 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Cops, crooks and a comedy |date=23 January 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Siva (director)}}
{{Vikramarkudu}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2011 action films]]
[[Category:2011 masala films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by Siva (director)]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:2010s police films]]
[[Category:Action film remakes]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films produced by K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
[[Category:Studio Green films]]

Senthamizh Paattu

2026-04-20T13:33:36Z

Greensobhacondo: started a article w/ infobox

{{short description|1992 film by P. Vasu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Senthamizh Paattu
| image = Senthamizh Paattu.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[P. Vasu]]
| writer = P. Vasu
| producer = M. S. V. Gopi
| starring = [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = P. Mohanraj
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan|Viswanathan]]-[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Janaki Films
| released = {{film date|1992|10|25|df=y}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Senthamizh Paattu''''' ({{Translation|Pure Tamil Song}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], written and directed by [[P. Vasu]]. The film stars [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] while [[Salim Ghouse]] plays a supporting role. It was released on 25 October 1992 on the eve of [[Diwali]] and was a box office hit. The film was remade in Telugu as ''Amma Koduku'' (1993), and in Kannada as ''[[Rasika (film)|Rasika]]'' (1994).{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

== Plot ==
Against his mother's wishes, Balu becomes a singer who falls for Durga, a kind-hearted, wealthy girl and learns about the past connection between their families.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Balasubramaniyan (alias) Bala
*[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Durgadevi (alias) Durga
*[[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] as Shanmathi
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Kalaivani
*[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Ravi
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Rangasamy
*[[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]] as Meenakshi
*[[Salim Ghouse]] as Rajarathnam
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Rajeswari
*[[Kazan Khan]] as Boopathy
*[[Goundamani]] as Murugesan
*[[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]] as Ravi Father
*[[LIC Narasimhan]] as College Professor
*[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Fighter
*[[Shakthi Vasudevan|Sakthi]] as Young Bala
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Konavayen
}}

== Production ==
The success of [[P. Vasu]]'s family drama ''[[En Thangachi Padichava]]'' (1988) starring Prabhu prompted further collaborations in the same genre between the pair with ''[[Chinna Thambi]]'' (1991) and ''Senthamizh Paattu'' (1992) being released soon after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fargoes |date=Nov 20, 1998 |title=A CHAT WITH TAMIL ACTOR PRABHU |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.malaysia/c/wChllR1Tv-g/m/tMZ-sqNhV_8J |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Google Groups]] |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219122925/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.malaysia/c/wChllR1Tv-g/m/tMZ-sqNhV_8J |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[Ilaiyaraaja]], after their collaboration in [[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu]] with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sentamizh Paattu (1992) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0002935 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713235329/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0002935 |archive-date=2012-07-13 |access-date=2014-03-04 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aranmanai Kizhi- Senthamizh Paattu Tamil Film Audio CD by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/aranmanai-kizhi-senthamizh-paattu-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-ilayaraaja/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Mossymart |language=en-US |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219122926/https://mossymart.com/product/aranmanai-kizhi-senthamizh-paattu-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The song "Solli Solli" gave a break to its singer [[Sunanda (singer)|Sunanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=30 November 2006 |title=From the playback world to classical |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/11/30/stories/2006113001650100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140223144210/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/11/30/stories/2006113001650100.htm |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Vanna Vanna" || [[Jikki]] || 05:01
|-
| "Adi Komadha" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 05:08
|-
| "Chinna Chinna Thooral" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Rajkrishna || 05:09
|-
| "Indha" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 05:09
|-
| "Kuttukoru" || Mano || 04:54
|-
| "Kalayil Kethattu" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Swarnalatha]] || 05:12
|-
| "Solli Solli" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sunanda (singer)|Sunanda]]|| 05:11
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Senthamizh Paattu'' was released on 25 October 1992, [[Diwali]] day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 1992 |title=Senthamizh Paattu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19921030&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=5 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=நவநீதகிருஷ்ணன் |first=பா ஸ்டாலின் |date=25 October 2022 |title=இந்த நாள் மறக்கவே கூடாது... 30 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன் ஒரே நாளில் மோதிய டாப் ஹீரோக்கள்! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/leading-tamil-actors-movies-released-on-1992-25th-october-diwali-80898 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025074012/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/leading-tamil-actors-movies-released-on-1992-25th-october-diwali-80898 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=[[ABP Live]] |language=ta}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded Sukanya's performance and the music, but called the film "rather a crude imitation" of ''Chinna Thambi''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=25 October 1992 |title=Old tune |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19921025&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=5 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Supraja Sridharan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that if one could tolerate vulgar comedy, they could enjoy the film for the naïve Sukanya, playful Kasthuri, natural Prabhu and beautiful music.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதரன் |first=சுப்ரஜா |date=22 November 1992 |title=செந்தமிழ் பாட்டு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-11-22/page/n21/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230912045546/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-11-22/page/n21/mode/2up |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=18 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=21 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Balasubrahmanyam won the [[Cinema Express Awards|Cinema Express Award for Best Male Playback Singer]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 1993 |title=Cinema Express Awards |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930317&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=11 September 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0318678}}

{{P. Vasu}}

[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s musical drama films]]
[[Category:1992 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Vasu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1992 musical films]]

Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:26:25Z

Greensobhacondo: starting a data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Other uses|Gandhi Nagar Assembly constituency (disambiguation){{!}}Gandhi Nagar Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gandhinagar South
| mla = [[Alpesh Thakor|Alpesh Khodaji Thakor]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmedabad East Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad East]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:373521}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 35
}}
'''Gandhinagar South''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]] district. The seat came into existence after 2008 delimitation.

== List of segments ==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Gandhinagar [[Taluka]] (Part) Villages – Adalaj (CT), Alampur, Ambapur, Amiyapur, Basan, Bhat, Bhoyan Rathod, Bhundiya, Chandkheda (M), Chandrala, Chekhalarani, Chhala, Chiloda (Naroda) (CT), Chiloda, Dabhoda, [[Dantali]], Dashela, Dhanap, Dolarana Vasana, Galudan, Giyod, Isanpur Mota, Jakhora, Jamiyatpur, Karai, Khoraj, Koba, Koteshwar, Kudasan, Lavarpur, Lekawada, Limbadia, Madhavgadh, [[Magodi]], Mahudara, Medra, Motera (CT), Nabhoi, [[Palaj]], Pirojpur, Por, Prantiya, Pundarasan, Raipur, Rajpur, [[Ranasan]], Randesan, Ratanpur, Raysan, Sadra, [[Sargasan]], Shahpur, Shertha, Shiholi Moti, Sonarda, Sugad, Tarapur, Titoda, Unvarsad, Vadodara, Valad, Vankanerda, Vasana Hadmatia, Vira Talavdi, Zundal.

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| 2012
| rowspan=2|[[Shambhuji Thakor]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 2017<ref name=election2017/>
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Alpesh Thakor|Alpesh Khodaji Thakor]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2022===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Gandhinagar|Gandhinagar South]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Alpesh Thakor|Alpesh Khodaji Thakor]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,34,051
|percentage = 54.59
|change = +4.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Himanshu Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 90,987
|percentage = 37.05
|change = -7.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Devendra Patel (Dolatbhai)
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 11,195
|percentage = 4.56
|change = ''New''
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 43,064
|percentage = 17.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,45,582
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandhinagar South<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate=Thakor Shambhuji Chelaji
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,07,480
|percentage = 49.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Govingji Hiraji Solanki
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 95,942
|percentage = 44.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =4,615
|percentage = 2.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =11,538
|percentage =5.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,15,949
|percentage = 70.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Gandhinagar|Gandhinagar South]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=9 June 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=Thakor Shambhuji Chelaji
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 87,999
|percentage = 49.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jugaji Nathaji Thakor
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 79,988
|percentage = 45.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|candidate = Patel Prashantkumar Babulal
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|votes = 3,958
|percentage = 2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,011
|percentage = 4.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,77,692
|percentage = 73.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gandhinagar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coord|23.19|72.63|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gandhinagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gandhinagar]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Janakpuri Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:43:37Z

Greensobhacondo: new first info from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Janakpuri
| state = Delhi
| mla = [[Ashish Sood]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 1993
| district = [[West Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 30
}}
'''Janakpuri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in northern India.

==Overview==
Present geographical structure of Janakpuri constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=549}}</ref>
Janakpuri is part of [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]], [[Rajouri Garden (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajouri Garden]], [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]], [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]], [[Uttam Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Uttam Nagar]], [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]], [[Dwarka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Dwarka]], [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] and [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/janakpuri.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Rajesh Rishi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Ashish Sood]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: [[Janakpuri]]<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Janakpuri">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Janakpuri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0530.htm |accessdate=20 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220081357/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0530.htm |archivedate=20 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ashish Sood]]|votes=68,986|percentage=55.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Pravin Kumar|votes=50,220|percentage=40.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Harbani Kaur|votes=3,345|percentage=2.7|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=691|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes= 18,776|percentage=15.1|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,24,128|percentage=63.0|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = BJP
| loser = AAP
| swing = BJP
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: [[Janakpuri]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Rajesh Rishi]]|votes=67,968|percentage=54.43|change=-3.29}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ashish Sood]]|votes=53,051|percentage=42.48|change=+5.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Radhika Khera]]|votes=2,084|percentage=1.67|change=-2.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Raj Kumar|votes=505|percentage=0.40|change=+0.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=691|percentage=0.55|change=+0.17}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,917|percentage=11.95|change=-8.62}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,24,989|percentage=65.85|change=+0.39}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -3.29
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: [[Janakpuri]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Rajesh Rishi]]
| votes = 71,802
| percentage = 57.72
| change = +20.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi|Prof. Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 46,222
| percentage = 37.15
| change = -2.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Suresh Kumar
| votes = 4,699
| percentage = 3.77
| change = -12.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Hari Prakash Singh
| votes = 471
| percentage = 0.37
| change = -0.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Paramjit Singh Saini
| votes = 49
| percentage = 0.03
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 483
| percentage = 0.38
| change = -0.39
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 25,580
| percentage = 20.57
| change = +14.11
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,24,398
| percentage = 71.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +21.66
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: [[Janakpuri]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 42,886
| percentage = 39.87
| change = -17.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Rajesh Rishi]]
| votes = 40,242
| percentage = 37.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ragini Nayak]]
| votes = 17,191
| percentage = 15.98
| change = -21.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sanjay Puri
| votes = 4,332
| percentage = 4.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Hari Prakash Singh
| votes = 1,019
| percentage = 0.95
| change = -2.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Pankaj Singh
| votes = 379
| percentage = 0.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Proutist Bloc India
| candidate = Virender Jha
| votes = 304
| percentage = 0.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sukh Lal
| votes = 142
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
| candidate = K Swarna
| votes = 110
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Alok Sharma
| votes = 71
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Deepak Arora
| votes = 71
| percentage = 0.07
| change = -0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 805
| percentage = 0.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 2,644
| percentage = 2.46
| change = -17.23
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,07,638
| percentage = 69.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -17.28
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Janakpuri<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 50,655
| percentage = 57.15
| change = -2.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Deepak Arora
| votes = 33,203
| percentage = 37.46
| change = -0.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Prem Chand Baswal
| votes = 2,857
| percentage = 3.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shiv Kumar
| votes = 522
| percentage = 0.59
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bharat Prasad
| votes = 454
| percentage = 0.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Aamir Anjum
| votes = 441
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Baljit Singh
| votes = 163
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Deepak Arora
| votes = 141
| percentage = 0.16
| change = +0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
| candidate = Harish Chandra Joshi
| votes = 106
| percentage = 0.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Sirajuddin Khan
| votes = 99
| percentage = 0.11
| change = +0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 17,452
| percentage = 19.69
| change = -2.12
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 88,641
| percentage = 61.2
| change = +3.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -2.54
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2003===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2003]]: Janakpuri<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_DEL_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 35,281
| percentage = 59.69
| change = +3.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Shiv Kumar Sondhi
| votes = 22,390
| percentage = 37.88
| change = -4.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Anil Jain
| votes = 433
| percentage = 0.73
| change = +0.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Dinesh Jain
| votes = 411
| percentage = 0.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Satbir
| votes = 148
| percentage = 0.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Prem Ji
| votes = 115
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Vinod Vohra
| votes = 89
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
| candidate = Laxmi Narain Bhatia
| votes = 66
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Jain
| votes = 57
| percentage = 0.10
| change = +0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Urmila Dhall
| votes = 42
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Deepak Arora
| votes = 37
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Gulam Moho
| votes = 36
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 12,891
| percentage = 21.81
| change = +7.99
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 59,105
| percentage = 57.95
| change = +4.94
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +3.83
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1998]]: Janakpuri<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-DEL98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 31,115
| percentage = 55.86
| change = -6.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Shiv Kumar Sondhi
| votes = 23,415
| percentage = 42.04
| change = +9.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Shakti
| candidate = Rajibir Singh
| votes = 750
| percentage = 1.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajender Kapoor
| votes = 224
| percentage = 0.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Naresh Malik
| votes = 148
| percentage = 0.27
| change = +0.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Jain
| votes = 49
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 7,700
| percentage = 13.82
| change = -15.79
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 55,701
| percentage = 53.01
| change = -3.22
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -6.68
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1993===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1993]]: Janakpuri<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_DL_93.pdf 1993 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| votes = 33,905
| percentage = 62.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Shailender s/o M P Sahi
| votes = 17,852
| percentage = 32.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Kunwar Chatter Singh
| votes = 755
| percentage = 1.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Hans Raj
| votes = 420
| percentage = 0.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Dharmnirpeksh Dal
| candidate = Moji Ram
| votes = 197
| percentage = 0.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Davesh Tiwari
| votes = 140
| percentage = 0.26
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sunder
| votes = 128
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Bal Raj Verma
| votes = 117
| percentage = 0.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = O N Chopra
| votes = 112
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Major Sahib Ram
| votes = 90
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ladha Ram Kapoor
| votes = 76
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = D L Bhatia
| votes = 64
| percentage = 0.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajiv Kumar
| votes = 61
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kamleshwari Saran
| votes = 55
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bal Chand
| votes = 46
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shailender s/o Shyam Prakash
| votes = 37
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh
| votes = 32
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Manohar Singh
| votes = 31
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Nutan Tiwari
| votes = 30
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = O P Ranjan
| votes = 23
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Narender Kumar
| votes = 22
| percentage =0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Laxman Dass
| votes = 12
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ajit Singh
| votes = 11
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 16,053
| percentage = 31.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 54,216
| percentage = 56.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Janakpuri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coords|28.62|77.09|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]

2016 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2026-04-17T21:51:11Z

Greensobhacondo: starting new details!

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| season =2016
| coach = [[Jacques Kallis]]
| captain = [[Gautam Gambhir]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2016 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 4th
| most runs = [[Gautam Gambhir]] (501)
| most wickets = [[Andre Russell]] (15)
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2015|2015]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2017|2017]]
}}

[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Kolkata]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They are one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2016 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Gautam Gambhir]], and had new coaching staff for the season. [[Jacques Kallis]] was head coach in the place of [[Trevor Bayliss]], while [[Wasim Akram]] became the new bowling coach. The KKR were placed fourth at the end of the season.

==Squad==
* Players with international caps before the start of 2016 IPL are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite news |title=KKR Indian Premier League 2016 Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2016-968923/kolkata-knight-riders-squad-969883/series-squads |access-date=17 April 2026 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|1|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1989|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.7|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|10|| '''[[Robin Uthappa]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1985|09|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2016|mode=historical}} || Occasional wicket-keeper
|-
|23|| '''[[Gautam Gambhir]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1981|10|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|c|year=2016|mode=historical}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|50|| '''[[Chris Lynn]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1990|04|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.3|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|82|| '''[[Colin Munro]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1987|03|11|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|212|| [[Suryakumar Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1990|09|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|7|| [[Rajagopal Sathish]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1981|01|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|9|| [[Manan Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1991|03|19|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|12|| '''[[Andre Russell]]''' || {{cr|JAM}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|04|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|60|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|24|| '''[[Yusuf Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1982|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.25|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|41|| '''[[John Hastings (cricketer)|John Hastings]]'''{{refn|group=lower-alpha|ruled out of the season with an injury}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1985|11|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.3|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|75|| '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1987|03|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.8|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|98|| '''[[Jason Holder]]''' || {{cr|BAR}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1991|11|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|27|| [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1986|09|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|3|| [[Ankit Rajpoot]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1993|12|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|18|| [[Kuldeep Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm unorthodox spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|19|| '''[[Umesh Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1987|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|21|| '''[[Piyush Chawla]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|12|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.25|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|31|| '''[[Brad Hogg]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1971|02|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm unorthodox spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|32|| '''[[Shaun Tait]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1983|02|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|65|| '''[[Morne Morkel]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1984|10|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.8|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|74|| '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|TRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|05|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c|year=2016|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
|77|| '''[[Jaydev Unadkat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1992|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.6|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|}

{{notelist}}

==Indian Premier League==
===Season standings===
{{2016 Indian Premier League Points table|team=KKR}}

=== Match log ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=10|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 9 wickets, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 3/24 (3 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980903.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 2 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=13|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 6 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980909.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 3 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=16|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 8 wickets, MoM - [[Gautam Gambhir]] 90*(60) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980915.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 4 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=19|format=mdy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 6 wickets, MoM - [[Robin Uthappa]] 53(28) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980925.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 5 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=24|format=mdy}} || [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 2 wickets, MoM - [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 60(49) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980939.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 6 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=28|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 6 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980947.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 7 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=30|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Delhi]] || Lost by 27 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980951.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 8 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=2|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 5 wickets, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 39(24) & 1/24 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980959.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 9 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=4|format=mdy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 7 runs, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 16(10) & 4/20 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980963.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 10 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=8|format=mdy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980975.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 11 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=14|format=mdy}} || [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 8 wickets (D/L), MoM - [[Yusuf Pathan]] 37*(18) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980989.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 12 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=16|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 9 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980995.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 13 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=19|format=mdy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Green Park Stadium|Kanpur]] || Lost by 6 wickets ||[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/981001.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 14 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=22|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 22 runs, MoM - [[Yusuf Pathan]] 52*(34) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/981009.html Scorecard]
|-
! colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"| Play-offs
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 15 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=25|format=dmy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (Eliminator) || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]] || Lost by 22 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/981015.html Scorecard]
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 8–7. Eliminated in the first stage of the playoffs.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]
[[Category:2016 Indian Premier League]]

Fly Safe Aviation

2026-04-17T02:59:09Z

Greensobhacondo: starting a post - done

{{Short description|Airline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Airline
|logo = Fly Safe Aviation Logo.png
|IATA = {{ndash}}
|ICAO = {{ndash}}
|callsign = {{ndash}}
|founded = {{Start date and age|1997|12|04|df=y|br=y}}
|commenced = {{Start date and age|2004}}
|aoc = 09/2004<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://dgca.nic.in/operator/nonsch-ind.htm Operator]</ref>
|parent =
|key_people= Rajesh Bhatia (Director)<ref name=autogenerated2>[https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/INDIA-FLYSAFE-AVIATION-LIMITED/U25209DL1997PLC090986 INDIA FLYSAFE AVIATION LIMITED – Company, directors and contact details | Zauba Corp]</ref>
|bases =*[[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] (New Delhi)<ref>[https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/airline/JNP India Fly Safe Aviation – ch-aviation]</ref>
|frequent_flyer =
|lounge =
|alliance =
|fleet_size = 6<ref name=autogenerated1 />
| destinations =
|website = http://www.indiaflysafe.com
|airline= Fly Safe Aviation
}}
'''India Fly Safe Aviation''' is an Indian [[Air charter|charter]] airline based in [[New Delhi]].

==History==
The airline was established in late 1997 as '''Shri Venkatesh Aviation''' after the Open Skies policy was adopted in 1991.<ref>[https://transitionofthoughts.com/2010/02/28/indian-aviation-sector-20-years-of-the-open-skies-policy/ Indian Aviation Sector – 20 years of the Open Skies Policy! | Transition of Thoughts]</ref> The airline currently offers charter services to both domestic and international destinations using jet and propeller aircraft.<ref>[http://www.indiaflysafe.com/why-us.html Why Us – India Fly Safe Aviation Ltd]</ref>

==Fleet==
The airline operates the following aircraft as of June 2018:{{needs update|date=December 2022}}<ref>[http://www.indiaflysafe.com/about-us.html National Air Charter Services, Worldwide Air Charter Services, Air Charter Services India]</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>[http://aircharterguide.com/Operator_Info/INDIA+FLYSAFE+AVIATION+LTD%5Bdot%5D/96729/DELHI/66047 India Flysafe Aviation Ltd]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"
|+ India Fly Safe Aviation fleet
! Aircraft !! In fleet !! Passengers !! Notes
|-
| [[Embraer ERJ family|ERJ-135]] || 1 || 37 || VT-JSI
|-
|[[Bombardier Global Express#Global_6000|Global 6000]] || 1 || 6 || VT-JSY
|-
|[[AgustaWestland AW139]] || 1 || 12 || VT-JSA
|-
|[[AgustaWestland AW109S Grand]] || 1 || 6 || VT-JSF
|-
|[[Bell 429 GlobalRanger]] || 1 || 6 || VT-JSH
|-
|[[Cessna 208 Caravan|Cessna 208-B]] || 1 || 9 || VT-JIN
|-
|'''Total'''
|6
|
|}

===Retired fleet===
The airline operated these aircraft over the years of its operation:

*[[Beechcraft_Super_King_Air#Super_King_Air_200|Beechcraft Super King Air-200]]
*[[Eurocopter EC120]]
*[[Eurocopter EC130]]
*[[Eurocopter EC145]]
*[[Pilatus PC-12]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Airlines of India}}
[[Category:Airlines of India]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1997]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies based in Delhi]]

Amrit Mohan Prasad

2026-04-08T02:08:08Z

Greensobhacondo: starting new stub

{{Short description|Director General of the Sashastra Seema Bal}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amrit Mohan Prasad
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1965|08|22|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPS : Query Result(s) |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Odisha]], India
| father =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = IPS officer
| profession = [[Civil service|Civil servant]]
| awards =[[File:Indian Police Medal for Meritorious Service.png|50px]] [[Indian Police Medal]] awarded by the [[central government]] for Meritorious Service [[File:IND President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.svg|50px]] [[President's Police Medal]] for Distinguished Service
| alma_mater =
| office =
| term_end1 = 31 August 2025
| successor1 = [[Sanjay Singhal]]
| office1 = [[Director general of police|Director General]] of [[Sashastra Seema Bal]]
| term_start1 = 15 September 2024
| predecessor1 = Daljit Singh Chaudhary
}}

'''Amrit Mohan Prasad''' PPM, MSM (born 22 August 1965) is a retired [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police Service (IPS)]] officer from the 1989 batch of the Odisha cadre. He served as the Director General of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) from September 2024 until his retirement in August 2025.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |title=Senior Bureaucrat Amrit Mohan Prasad Appointed Sashastra Seema Bal Chief |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-bureaucrat-amrit-mohan-prasad-appointed-sashastra-seema-bal-chief-6559865 |website=NDTV |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="tribune">{{Cite web |title=Amrit Mohan Prasad appointed Sashastra Seema Bal chief |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/amrit-mohan-prasad-appointed-sashastra-seema-bal-chief-548726 |website=The Tribune |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="acc">{{Cite web |title=ACC approval for appointment of Shri Amrit Mohan Prasad, IPS as DG, SSB |url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/DGSSB_17092024.pdf |website=Appointments Committee of the Cabinet |date=17 September 2024 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Prasad was born on 22 August 1965 in Odisha. He holds degrees in engineering and later joined the Indian Police Service in the 1989 batch of the Odisha cadre.<ref name="ips">{{Cite web |title=Appointment of Shri Amrit Mohan Prasad, IPS (OD:89) as Special Director General, CRPF |url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/AMPrasad.pdf |website=IPS.gov.in |date=3 August 2024 |access-date=3 December 2025}} </ref>

==Career==
Prasad spent many years serving in the [[Odisha Police]] in different roles, gradually moving into senior positions. His work in the state included assignments at the level of inspector general and other leadership posts.<ref name="ips"/>

In August 2024, he was moved to central service as Special Director General of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF). The posting was meant to continue until his retirement.<ref name="ips"/>

A few weeks later, the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] selected him to head the Sashastra Seema Bal. He took charge as Director General on 15 September 2024.<ref name="acc"/><ref name="ndtv"/><ref name="tribune"/>

While serving at the SSB, he was also given temporary additional responsibility as Director General of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) starting from November 2024.<ref name="bs">{{Cite web |title=Centre entrusts SSB chief Amrit Mohan to hold additional charge as BCAS DG |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/centre-entrusts-ssb-chief-amrit-mohan-to-hold-additional-charge-as-bcas-dg-125012200166_1.html |website=Business Standard |date=22 January 2025 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="et">{{Cite web |title=Centre entrusts SSB chief Amrit Mohan to hold additional charge as BCAS DG |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/centre-entrusts-ssb-chief-amrit-mohan-to-hold-extra-charge-as-bcas-dg/articleshow/117443452.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=22 January 2025 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>

Prasad retired from service on 31 August 2025.<ref name="ips"/>

==Awards and honours==
* Police Medal for Meritorious Service.<ref name="ips-civillist">{{Cite web |title=Appointment of Shri Amrit Mohan Prasad, IPS (OD:89) as Special Director General, CRPF|url=https://ips.gov.in/Empanelment/AMPrasad.pdf|website=IPS.gov.in|date=2024-08-03|access-date=2025-12-03}}</ref>
* President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.<ref name="ppm">{{Cite web |title=List of awardees - President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service |url=https://xn--i1b5bzbybhfo5c8b4bxh.xn--11b7cb3a6a.xn--h2brj9c/sites/default/files/singleline-ppm-ID-2014_1.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs (archived) |date=2014 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]

Rorehlova

2026-03-29T13:03:46Z

Greensobhacondo: Created details

{{Short description|Early Lushai chief}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rorehlova
| image =
| title = Chief of [[Zawngte]] {{lang|lus|Zawngte Lal}}
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Chhanruanga]]
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = Aithangvunga
| suc-type =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place = Lungchhuanuah
| spouse =
| spouse-type =
| consort =
| issue = Aithangvunga (Samtawia) Kualsawia Khawtindala
| issue-link =
| regnal name =
| house = Fanai
| father = Chhanruanga
| mother =
| religion = [[Mizo religion|Sakhua]]
| type = chieftain
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| signature =
| native_lang1 = [[Duhlien]]
}}

'''Rohrelova''' was a [[Mizo people|Mizo]] chief of the Fanai ([[Lai people|Lai]]) clan in the 18th century of the Lushai Hills. He is described as one of the greatest Fanai kings. He is most well-known for his participation in the Thlanrawn massacre led by [[Lallula]]. He is the ancestor of [[Zakapa]], who led the [[Lushai Rising]] against the British.

==Early life==
Rorehlova was born to Chhanruanga, a Fanai chief. He had a brother named Chhunhleia. His father, Chhanruanga, possessed a sizeable village but was attacked and killed by the Thlanrawn. His brother Chhunhleia was killed soon after when attacking the Thlawnrawn for revenge.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=16}} Rorehlova would be harassed by his relatives who wished to take chieftainship for themselfin his young age. Some of Rorehlova's relatives went to the Zahau and became enslaved as [[Bawi system|bawi]]. The custom was once the people had eaten the meat and drank the water of the Zahau, they would become in servitude to them. Rorehlova thus refused the hospitality and help of the Zahau.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=23}} Rorehlova and his sister Zahluani went to Zawngte.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=24}} As a result, Rorehlova became the chief of Zawngte. As the threat of a Thlanrawn invasion was still great, Rorehlova and his subjects moved into the settlement of Selesih with the Lusei chiefs. As a result, after seven generations of Fanai rule in the Tiau Valley, the Fanai chiefdoms finally migrated west. The Zawngte Pawi are named after the descendants of the Zawngte inhabitants under Rorehlova.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=17}} During Selesih, Rorehlova met with Lallula after a fire broke out in the villages. Lallula took initiative and leadership and he aided in fighting the burning.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989}}

==Chieftainship==
During Selesih, Rorehlova became acquainted with [[Lallula]]. Rorehlova would split with Lallula at Bawlte, where they promised to be brothers forever.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=18}} They would dig a grave and take an oath of friendship. They threw stones in the grave and buried it.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=25}} They professed that their next meeting would be in ''mitthi khua'' (land of the dead). Rorehlova informed Lallula that if the Pawis were ever to strike west then he would light a signal flame from his village. Bawtle would be established east of Zopui as a buffer chiefdom between the Lusei and Pawi.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989}} From Bawlte, Rorehlova settled in Lungkeiphaw and grew his reputation.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=18}} He arranged an alliance with Nicheuva, the chief of Lungzarh. He offered his son, Sawmtawia, to marry Nicheuva's daughter, Tawlthiahi. After their marriage the alliance was finalised. Nichueva however advised Rorehlova that before migrating anywhere else, the issue of the Thlanrawn would have to be dealt with. Rorehlova invited Lallula initially but was refused. Rorehlova's mother, before her death, would send a message to Lallula that would incline him to change his mind.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=19}}

As Lallula's sons expanded their power in the Lushai Hills, they began to attack the Hualngo tribes which led to the Pawi being involved. [[Vuta]] supporting his brothers would be captured by the Pawi under Zahuata. The Sailo chiefs would raise money for Vuta's ransom but Rorehlova would use part of the money to settle his own debts and tributes leading to a failure to ransom Vuta. A second raising of money would fail as not all chiefs would agree to fund another ransom attempt.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=60}}

Lallula would invite the Thlawnrawn chief Thanchhuma to offer him tributes. Thanchhuma would arrive with his delegation consisting of his ''upa'', Phunthanga and some warriors. Lallula and Rorehlova would feed them [[Zu (beverage)|zu]] all night long with a feast of slain [[gayal|mithun]]. After the delegates and Thanchhuma were drunk, Lallula sounded the gong and ambushed the Thlanrawn. Most were killed with some escaping. However Thanchhuma and Phunthanga were captured and humiliated as Lallula composed songs and poems of the feat.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989}} Rorehlova managed to avenge his father and brother whom he had lost to the Thlawnrawn.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=21}} After the Thlawnrawn massacre, Rorehlova would move to Cherhlunah.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=22}}

The Hlawncheuho who did not wish to attack the Lusei wished to check the power of the Fanai. Rorehlova was invited to a feast where the ownership over a settlement was to take place. A feast was prepared with Zu. The Hlawncheuho did not have guns so they used a sword to ambush Rorehlova. Howevever during the struggle the sword broke in half. The Hlawncheuho considered this divine intervention.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=27}} Rorehlova managed to escape during the dark of the night back to his hometown.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=28}}

==Family==
Rorehlova had three sons named Aithangvunga (Samtawia), Kualsawia and Khawtindala.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=3}} His sons are considered the forefathers of the Fanai in Mizoram.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=30}}
{{Rorehlova family tree}}

==Later life==
Rorehlova would migrate with his sons to Pangzawl. This would be followed by Zobawk to Phaileng. After Phaileng he would travel north and settle in Kawlri. From Kawlri they went to Hriangtlang before moving west into Vancheng. In Vacheng they moved to Chawngtleng and to modern day Piler Hill. Rorehlova saw his wife die during their stay at Piler Hill. From Piler Hill, Rorehlova moved to Lungchhuanah where he would die.{{sfn|Fanai|1989|p=31}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last1=Fanai |first1=Kawla |title=Fanai Chanchin (Fanai History) |date=1989 |publisher=F. Sapbawia |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467550/mode/2up |access-date=16 February 2025}}

*{{cite book |last=Lalthangliana |first=B. |date=1989 |title=Mizo Lal Ropuite |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467582/mode/2up |location=Aizawl |publisher=R.T.M Press|language=Mizo}}

*{{cite book |last1=Zokima |first1=Reverend |title=Mizo Lal ber Kairuma Sailo |date=1993 |publisher=V.L.B Press |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.17254/mode/2up |access-date=15 February 2025|language=Mizo}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Eastern Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:Southern Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:Early Lushai chiefs]]

Damri Masjid

2026-03-29T12:50:20Z

Greensobhacondo: starting new article - done

{{Short description|Former mosque in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{About|the former mosque in Ahmednagar|the mosque in Hyderabad|Toli Masjid}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Damri Masjid
| infobox_width =
| image = Beautifully carved Damadi Masjid.jpg
| caption = The former mosque, in 2014
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the former mosque in [[Maharashtra]]
| location = [[Ahmednagar]], [[Maharashtra]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.10375|74.76031|region:IN-MH_type:landmark|format=dms|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] {{small|(former)}}
| rite =
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = '''Inactive''' {{small|(''Partial ruinous state'')}}
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| administration = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
| founded_by = Sahir Khan, [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1568 [[Common Era|CE]]
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Four
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| designated =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Damri Masjid | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-MH-A1 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value =
| embedded = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=220|frame-align=center|zoom=13|type=point|marker=landmark|stroke-width=2|plain=yes|frame-latitude=19.10375|frame-longitude=74.76031}} Location of the former mosque in [[Ahmednagar]]

}} }}
The '''Damri Masjid''', sometimes spelled as the '''Damdi Masjid''', is a former [[mosque]], in a partial ruinous state, located in [[Ahmednagar]], in the state of [[Maharashtra]], India. It was built during the reign of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar Sultanate]] in 1568 [[Common Era|CE]]. The mosque is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]],<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://the-deccan.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cambridge_history_michell_zebrowski_art_architecture_deccan_sultanates.pdf |title=Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates |last2=Zebrowski |first2=Mark |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=[[The New Cambridge History of India]] I : 7 |pages=81–82 |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Damri Masjid |url=https://asiaurangabadcircle.com/monuments/ahmednagar/dmadiMasjid.php |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]], Aurangabad Circle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Damdi Masjid, Ahmednagar |url=https://the-deccan.in/2020/09/16/damdi-masjid-ahmednagar/ |website=The Deccan |access-date=14 October 2023 |date=16 September 2020}}</ref> administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Maharashtra-Aurangabad-Circle-Mumbai-Circle-and-Nagpur-Circle.pdf |title=List of Centrally Protected Monuments / Sites under the jurisdiction of Maharashtra (Aurangabad Circle, Mumbai Circle and Nagpur Circle) |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |date=August 2021 |access-date=27 November 2022 }}</ref>

== History ==
Built by Sahir Khan, a nobleman of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar Sultanate]], the former mosque was completed in 1568 [[Common Era|CE]].<ref name=":25" /> An [[Apocrypha|apocryphal]] story about its naming states that Khan charged a levy of one ''[[Dam (Indian coin)|damri]]'' from every worker who labored on the construction of the [[Ahmednagar Fort]], and used the money thus collected to construct this mosque. [[Pushkar Sohoni]] argues that the craftsmanship of the mosque was too high-quality to be attributed to the patronage of common workmen.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Architecture_of_a_Deccan_Sultanate/kyaODwAAQBAJ?kptab=editions&gbpv=1 |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India |date=2018-08-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-927-6 |language=en}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The mosque [[façade]] has three pointed arches, which lead into the prayer hall. Square pylons are provided at all four corners of the building upon which rise slender [[minaret]]s. The pylons are decorated with [[Chakram|''chakra'']]-shaped moldings. Each of the minarets have ornamental galleries, and is topped with an orb.<ref name=":25" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153598/page/n273/mode/2up |title=History of Medieval Deccan |date=1974 |editor-last=Sherwani |editor-first=Haroon Khan |editor-link=Haroon Khan Sherwani |volume=II |pages=265 |editor-last2=Joshi |editor-first2=P. M.}}</ref>

The mosque is topped by a [[trefoil]]-patterned [[parapet]] wall. In the middle of the parapet are two [[Finial|finials]], topped by octagonal pavilions and domed pinnacles. These are connected by a free-standing arch. The mosque's interior is divided into six [[Bay (architecture)|bays]].<ref name=":25" />

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Aurangabad circle]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:1568 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosque ruins in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1560s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1568]]
[[Category:Architecture of the Deccan sultanates]]

Dhruva Dharavarsha

2026-03-25T18:01:36Z

Greensobhacondo: corrected section for consistency

{{Short description|Rashtrakuta emperor from 780 to 793}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Old Kannada inscription (780 AD) from Naregal of Rashtrakuta King Dhruva Dharavarsha.jpg
| caption = Fragment of Old Kannada inscription (780 CE) from Naregal of Rashtrakuta emperor Dhruva Dharavarsha
| alt = Dhruva Dharavarsha
| title = Maharajadhiraja Dharavarsha Nirupama Srivallabha Kalivallabha
| succession = 4th [[Rashtrakuta Empire|Rashtrakuta Emperor]]
| reign = {{circa|780|793 CE}} (13 years)
| predecessor = [[Govinda II]]
| successor = [[Govinda III]]
| death_date = 793 CE
| death_place = [[Manyakheta]], [[Rashtrakuta Empire]] (modern day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| father = [[Krishna I]]
| religion = [[Jainism]]<ref>Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVIII (1925–26). Archaeological Survey of India.</ref><ref>Altekar, A.S. (1934). ''The Rashtrakutas and Their Times''. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. pp. 48–55.</ref><ref name="Desai, P.B. 1957 pp. 20">Desai, P.B. (1957). ''Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs''. Sholapur: Jaina Samshodhana Sangha. pp. 20–25.</ref> [[Hinduism]]
| spouse = Sila Mahadevi of the [[Eastern Chalukyas]]
| issue = Karka Suvarnavarsha [[Kambarasa]] [[Govinda III]] Indra, Governor of [[Lata]]
}}
{{Rashtrakuta Manyakheta Kings Infobox}}
'''Dhruva Dharavarsha''' (r. 780 – 793 CE) Also known as "'''Kalivallabha'''" was one of the most notable rulers of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]]. He ascended the imperial throne after replacing his elder brother [[Govinda II]], who had become unpopular among his subjects on account of his various misconducts as a monarch, including excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures. This according to the historian Kamath is evident from the Karhad plates of [[Krishna III]].<ref name="sensual">Kamath (2001), p75</ref> The Dhulia grant of 779 and Garugadahalli inscription of 782 proclaim Dhruva the emperor. Though some historians claim that Dhruva revolted and grabbed the throne,<ref name="rebel">[[Bisheshwar Nath Reu|Reu]] (1933), p62</ref> other historians feel the transition of the throne from Govinda II to Dhruva was peaceful and may have happened willingly.<ref name="peace">[[Dr. P. B. Desai]] and K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyar in Kamath (2001), p75</ref> He earned titles like ''Kalivallabha'', ''Srivallabha'', ''Dharavarsha'', ''Maharajadhiraja'' and ''Parameshvara''.

==Success in north and east==
{{see also | Tripartite Struggle#First Tripartite War (AD 785–790)| l1= Tripartite Struggle}}

Dhruva Dharavarsha had a high political aspiration and he actively pursued the goal of expanding the frontiers of Rashtrakuta dominion. In [[North India|Northern India]], he subjugated the rulers of [[Kannauj|Kanyakubja]]. In central India, he defeated [[Vatsaraja]] of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara|Gurjara Prathihara Empire]],<ref name=sen>{{cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Sailendra Nath|title=Textbook of medieval Indian history|date=2013|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=9789380607344|page=20}}</ref> and [[Dharmapala of Bengal|Dharmapala]] of the [[Pala Empire]] (who was eager to rule Kanyakubja) in a battle in the [[Ganges]] - [[Yamuna]] doab. However, these great victories brought him no permanent land gains but only a lot of material gain and fame.<ref name="fame">A.S. Altekar in Kamath (2001), p75</ref> However another historian has claimed that Dhruva's empire stretched from [[Ayodhya]] in the north to [[Rameshvaram]] in the south.<ref name="rebel"/>

==Victories in the Deccan and the South==
He humbled [[Vishnuvardhana IV]], an Eastern or Vengi [[Chalukya]] king in 784 and forged an alliance by marrying his daughter named Silabhattarika as per the Jetvai grant of 786. Thereafter, he defeated [[Shivamara II]], the [[Western Ganga Dynasty]] ruler of [[Mysore state|Gangavadi]], and imprisoned him and appointed his own son, the Prince [[Kambarasa]] as the governor. He also forced the [[Pallava]] monarch [[Nandivarman II]] to accept the suzerainty of the Rashtrakutas who paid him handsomely with many elephants. He undertook campaigns to [[Kanchi]] in 785 and again against the [[Western Ganga Dynasty]] in 788.<ref name="sensual"/>

==Religion==
'''Dhruva Dharavarsha's''' inscriptions use titles such as "Shri Vallabha", "Kali Vallabha", "Maharajadhiraja", "Dharavarsha", and "Parameshvara".<ref name="ReferenceA">Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVIII (1925–26), Archaeological Survey of India.</ref> These titles were standard royal epithets commonly used by medieval Indian kings, but are also found in Jain donor inscriptions across the Deccan,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> suggesting a cultural environment that included Jain influences. "Vallabha" itself appears as an honorific in Jain inscriptions and donor records.<ref name="Desai, P.B. 1957 pp. 20">Desai, P.B. (1957). ''Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs''. Sholapur: Jaina Samshodhana Sangha. pp. 20–25.</ref> Dhruva Dharavarsha is recorded to have patronised the Jain [[Virasena|Acharya Virasena]], under whose guidance the famous Jain text [[Dhavala]] a commentary on Jain canon [[Shatakhandagama]] was written, and work on "Jayadhavalaa" and "Mahadavala" also Started which was completed by his disciples [[Gunasena|Acharya Gunasena]]<ref name="Desai, P.B. 1957 pp. 20">Desai, P.B. (1957). ''Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs''. Sholapur: Jaina Samshodhana Sangha. pp. 20–25.</ref> Epigraphic evidence from his reign shows sustained royal patronage of Jain monks, temples, and scholars across the Deccan.<ref>Altekar, A.S. (1934). ''The Rashtrakutas and Their Times''. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. pp. 28–35.</ref>

Rastrakuta rulers, despite their deep ties with Jainism, maintained a tradition of religious tolerance and supported various faiths, including Hindu sects like Shivism and Vaishnavism. Many of their inscriptions begin by specifying the temple or religious institution to which the grant or donation is being made, rather than invoking a single deity. This inclusive approach helped lay the groundwork for the dynasty's reputation.<ref name="Desai, P.B. 1957 pp. 20">Desai, P.B. (1957). ''Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs''. Sholapur: Jaina Samshodhana Sangha. pp. 20–25.</ref>

==Pan-Indian power==
During his reign, the Rashtrakutas emerged as a true pan-Indian power, controlling large regions across the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="says">A. S. Altekar in Kamath 92001), p76</ref> He was succeeded by his third son, [[Govinda III]] whose reign was also marked by brilliant military success and exploits.

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*{{cite book |last= Sastri|first= Nilakanta K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}
*{{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 80905179}}
*{{cite book |last=Reu|first= Pandit Bisheshwar Nath |title=History of The Rashtrakutas (Rathodas)|orig-year=1933|year=1997|publisher= Publication scheme|location= Jaipur|isbn= 81-86782-12-5}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061104095148/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm History of Karnataka, Mr. Arthikaje]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Govinda II]] |
title= [[Rashtrakuta|Rashtrakuta Emperor]] |
years= 780–793 |
after= [[Govinda III]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharavarsha, Dhruva}}
[[Category:793 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Rashtrakuta emperors]]
[[Category:8th-century Indian monarchs]]

First Battle of Tarain

2026-03-24T18:18:09Z

Greensobhacondo: slightly cleaned up lead as per guidelines additionally and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|1191 battle between Ghurids and Rajput confederation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of Tarain
| partof = [[Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor]]
| date = 14 January 1191
| place = [[Taraori]] (near [[Karnal]])
| territory = Prithviraj Chauhan retakes the fortress of Tabarhindh after a thirteen month siege (possibly present-day [[Bhatinda]])
| coordinates = {{coord|29.78|N|76.94|E|display=inline}}
| map_type = South Asia
| map_relief =
| map_size = 270px
| map_marksize =
| map_caption = Location of the First Battle of Tarain
| map_label = Tarain
| map_mark = Big battle symbol.svg
| result = [[Rajput]] victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Brig K Kuldip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTG8AQAAQBAJ&q=first+battle+of+tarain+victory |title=Indian Military Thought KURUKSHETRA to KARGIL and Future Perspectives |date=28 October 2023 |publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC |isbn=9781935501930 |language=English |chapter=Chapter 7: THE GATHERING CLOUDS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Hindol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcT3EAAAQBAJ&q=first+battle+of+tarain+victory |title=Soul and Sword: The Endless Battle Over Political Hinduism |date=December 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=9781538126844 |pages=19 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed Farooqui |first=Salma |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Comprehensive_History_of_Medieval_Indi.html?id=sxhAtCflwOMC#v=onepage&q=first%20battle%20of%20tarain%20rajput%20victorious&f=false |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India |publisher=Pearson India Education Services |year=2011 |isbn=9788131732021 |pages=53 |language=English}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Ghurid dynasty]]
| combatant2 = {{Tree list}}{{ublist|[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana dynasty of Shakambhari]]}}
**[[Kingdom of Amber]] {{Tree list end}}
| commander1 = [[Muhammad of Ghor]]{{WIA}} [[Qutb al-Din Aibak|Qutubuddin Aibak]] [[Bahauddin Tughril]] Qazi Zia ud-Din Tulaki
| commander2 = [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] [[Pajawan|Pajawan Kachhwaha]] Govind Rai{{WIA}} [[Skanda (general)|Skanda]]
| strength1 = Unknown, outnumbered by Rajputs<ref>{{Cite book |author=Paul K.Davis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nv73QlQs9ocC |title=100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514366-9|page=133|quote=Never had Mohmmad's troops faced such a well-trained foe, and in 1191 (no particular date has been recorded) the Rajputs had the upper hand, no numbers have been recorded either, but all account states that the Rajputs outnumbered the Moslem army|language=en}}</ref>
| strength2 = 100,000 Rajput cavalrymen{{sfn|Roy|2004|pp=38–39|ps=: "The age of around 800 AD could be termed as age of steepe horsemens. The Rajputs were about to be outclassed by their outdated methods of War in era of brutuality. In 1191, Ghori fought the Rajput confederacy of one lakh Rajput calvalrymen led by Prithviraj at place called Tarain"}}
}}

'''First Battle of Tarain''', also known as the '''First Battle of Taraori''', was fought on 14 January 1191 between the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]] forces led by [[Muhammad of Ghor]] and the [[Rajput|Rajput Confederacy]] led by [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], near Tarain (modern [[Taraori]] in [[Haryana]], India). The battle ended in a victory for the Rajputs; however, Muhammad of Ghor managed to escape and returned to Ghazni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talbot |first=Cynthia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ&q=first+battle+of+tarain |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-11856-0 |language=en}}</ref>

After the Ghurid armies were routed, they retreated to Ghazni and left garrison of 2,000 soldiers under Zia ud-Din Tulaki to secure the fort of Tabarhind (present day [[Bhatinda]])<ref name="GoP">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://bathinda.nic.in/history/|title=Bhatinda History|publisher=Government of Punjab}}</ref> to delay the Rajput army and was successful in keeping them at bay for thirteen months, while Muhammad of Ghor, during these months, raised a stronger army of 120,000 men, and invaded again, leading to the [[Second Battle of Tarain]], which ended Chauhan's rule.{{sfn|Roy|2004|pp=40-42|ps=: "Cavalry was not suited for laying siege to forts and Rajputs lacked both the siege machines and infantry to storm and destroy fortress walls. Tulaki was able to keep Prithviraj at bay for thirteen months. Within this time, Mahmud Ghori had raised 120,000 cavalry."}}

== Sources ==

The contemporary sources for the battle include ''Tajul-Ma'asir'' of [[Hasan Nizami]] (on the Ghurid side) and Jayanaka's ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]'' (on the Chahamana side).{{sfn|Talbot|2015|pp=29-30}}

Later sources for the battle include the following Persian-language chronicles:{{sfn|Talbot|2015|pp=86-87}}

* [[Minhaj-i-Siraj]]'s ''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]'' (1260 CE)
* [[Abdul Malik Isami]]'s ''Futuh-us-Salatin'' (c. 1350)
* [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi]]'s ''Tarikh-I-Mubarakshahi'' (1434 CE)
* [[Nizamuddin Ahmad|Nizam al-Din Ahmad]]'s ''Tabaqat-i Akbari'' (1593-1594 CE)
* [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]]'s ''[[Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh]]'' (c. 1590s CE)
* [[Firishta]]'s ''Tarikh-i Firishta'' (early 17th century)

These chroniclers call Prithviraj by various names including "Rae Kolah Pithorā" (Minhaj), "Pithor Rai" (Sirhindi), and "Pithow Ray" (Firishta). They call Prithviraj's commander-in-chief Govind Rai Tomar as "Gobind Rae" (Minhaj); "Gobind Rai" (Sirhindi); Khand, Khanda, or Khandi (Nizam al-Din and Bada'uni); and Chawund Ray (Firishta).{{sfn|Talbot|2015|pp=86-87}}

The later sources written in Indic languages include ''[[Hammira Mahakavya]]'' and ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]''.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=88}}

== Background ==

Mu'izz ad-Din captured Multan in 1175, and in 1178, [[Battle of Kasahrada|unsuccessfully invaded]] the [[Chaulukya]] ([[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]]) Kingdom in present-day Gujarat and northern Rajasthan. Subsequently, the [[Siege of Lahore (1186)|Ghurids defeated the Ghaznavids, and conquered Lahore in 1186]].{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=36}}

Mu'izz ad-Din sent his envoy - the Chief Judge Qiwam-ul Mulk Ruknud Din Hamza - to the court of Prithviraj, to persuade him to come to a peaceful agreement.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=29}} ''Tajul-Ma'asir'', a chronicle by the Muslim writer [[Hasan Nizami]], describes the envoy as a "prominent dignitary", who conveyed Mu'izz ad-Din's message to Prithviraj "in a refined and graceful manner", using "elegant language". The [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]]-sponsored text ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]'', which describes Mu'izz ad-Din as an "evil" beef-eating "demon", portrays the envoy as an extremely ugly person whose "ghastly white" complexion made him appear to be suffering from a skin disease, and whose speech was like "the cry of wild birds".{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=30}}

Prithviraj refused to agree to the Ghurid envoy's terms, which according to Hasan Nizami, included converting to [[Islam]] and accepting the Ghurid suzerainty.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=30}} Mu'izz ad-Din then decided to invade the Chahamana kingdom.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=29}}

The Ghurid campaign that led to the first battle of Tarain may have started in late 1190, but the actual battle was definitely fought in early 1191 CE.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=44}}

== Battle ==
Sometime before January 1191, Mu'izz ad-Din's army captured the Tabarhindah fort (probably present-day [[Bathinda]]), which was presumably under Chahamana control.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=47}} According to Sirhindi, sometime in 1191 ([[Hijri year]] 587), Prithviraj marched against the Ghurid army with infantry, cavalry, and an [[war elephant|elephant force]].{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=87}} Mu'izz ad-Din was about to leave Tabarhindah, when he received the news of Prithviraj's approach; he then marched against Prithviraj, and the two armies met at Tarain.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|pp=86-87}}

Prithviraj was accompanied by a number of feudatory rulers, whom Minhaj describes as "the whole of the [[Rana (title)|Ranas]] of Hind". These rulers included Govind Rai, the ruler of Delhi. Sirhindi states that Govind Rai Tomar, seated on an elephant, was at the frontline, suggesting that he was the commander-in-chief of Prithviraj's army.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=87}} Sirhindi and later chroniclers, such as Nizam al-Din and Bada'uni, describe Govind Rai as a brother of Prithviraj.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=87}} Firishta also describes Prithviraj and Govind Rai as brothers, stating that the two men marched against the Ghurids in alliance with other Indian rulers. Firishta portrays Govind Rai as someone who was almost equally as powerful as Prithviraj, presumably because Govind Rai was the ruler of Delhi, which had become politically important by Firishta's time.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=87-88}}

The Ghurid cavalry initiated the battle by launching arrows at the enemy center. The Chahamana forces counter-attacked from three sides and dominated the battle, pressuring the Ghurid army into a withdrawal.{{sfn|Tucker|2009|p=263}}

According to Sirhindi, the Ghurid troops suffered reverses despite having fought bravely: when Mu'izz ad-Din saw this, he charged against Govind Rai.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=87}} Minhaj states that Mu'izz ad-Din, who was riding a horse, attacked Govind Rai with a [[lance]], hitting his mouth and breaking two of his teeth. Govind Rai retaliated with a [[javelin]], severely wounding Mu'izz ad-Din's upper arm.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=86}} According to Minhaj, Mu'izz ad-Din would have died or been captured, had a young soldier not led his horse to safety. After his departure from the battlefield, the Ghurid troops were disheartened and defeated.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=47}}

{{Quote|The Sultan turned his charger's head round and receded, and from the agony of the wound he was unable to continue on horseback any longer. Defeat befell the army of Islām so that it was irretrievably routed.|Minhaj in ''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]''{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=86}} }}

Mu'izz ad-Din left for Ghazni, leaving behind a garrison at Tabarhindah (Bhatinda). Prithviraj besieged the fort, and captured it sometime before the second battle of Tarain.{{sfn|Talbot|2015|p=47}} He did not pursue the Ghurid army, either not wanting to invade hostile territory or misjudging Mu'izz ad-Din's ambition.{{sfn|Chandra|2006|p=25}}

==See also==
* [[List of battles of Rajasthan|List of battles fought in Rajasthan]]
*[[Second Battle of Tarain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Talbot |first=Cynthia |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781107118560}}
* {{cite book |author=Sharma |first=Dasharatha |authorlink=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1975 |orig-date=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite book |author=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpXijlqeRpIC |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |author=Chandra |first=Satish |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |year=2006 |publisher=Har-Anand |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC |year=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-672-5}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarain}}
[[Category:12th century in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Ghurid dynasty]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1191]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1192]]
[[Category:1191 in Asia]]
[[Category:1192 in Asia]]
[[Category:Karnal district]]
[[Category:History of Haryana]]
[[Category:Battles involving Turkic peoples]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Tajiks]]

Kalyana Parisu

2026-03-21T06:59:46Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{short description|1959 film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{for|the TV series|Kalyana Parisu (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kalyana Parisu
| image = Kalyana Parisu poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]
| producer = S. Krishnamoorthy T. Govindarajan Sridhar
| writer = Sridhar
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[B. Saroja Devi]]
| music = [[A. M. Rajah]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| studio = Venus Pictures
| released = {{film date|1959|4|9|df=y}}
| runtime = 194 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=360}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}1 lakh
}}

'''''Kalyana Parisu''''' ({{translation|Wedding Gift}}) is a 1959 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]] while [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]], [[M. Saroja]], [[S. D. Subbulakshmi]], [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]] and [[M. N. Nambiar]] play supporting roles. A [[Love triangle|triangular love story]], it is about two close sisters whose lives turn upside down when they both fall in love with the same man. Out of respect, the younger sister decides to sacrifice her love, unknown to the elder sister.

''Kalyana Parisu'' was the directorial debut of Sridhar, who co-produced it with his partners S. Krishnamoorthy and T. Govindarajan under Venus Pictures. It also marked the cinematic debut of T. A. Sadagoppan (later known as [[Chitralaya Gopu]]) who worked as associate writer, and the debut of [[A. M. Rajah]] as a music composer in Tamil. Cinematography was handled by [[A. Vincent]], and editing by N. M. Shankar.

''Kalyana Parisu'' was released on 9 April 1959. It was critically acclaimed, particularly for eschewing formulaic Tamil cinema conventions like long dialogues and fixed-point cinematography in favour of short verses with simple words and camera mobility. The film was commercially successful, running for over 25 weeks in theatres and thereby becoming a [[silver jubilee film]]. At the [[7th National Film Awards]], it won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil]].

''Kalyana Parisu'' emerged a milestone in Tamil cinema, and the breakthrough for Saroja Devi and Rajah. Its success led to Sridhar launching his own production company [[Chitralaya]], and set the pattern for his later works in which he repeated the motif of the eternal triangle and unrequited love. The comedy [[subplot]] written by Gopu involving Thangavelu and M. Saroja gained popularity, and was sold separately on audio cassettes and [[Phonograph record|vinyl records]]. The film was later remade by Sridhar in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1960 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]'' (1960) and [[Hindi]] as ''[[Nazrana (1961 film)|Nazrana]]'' (1961), and in [[Malayalam]] by [[J. Sasikumar]] as ''[[Sammanam (1975 film)|Sammanam]]'' (1975).

== Plot ==
Baskar and Vasanthi are college mates. When Baskar sends a love letter to Vasanthi, she complains to the [[Dean (education)|dean]], who dismisses Baskar from college. Baskar later manages to obtain employment at a tea company with the help of his friend Sampath, who also shelters him since Baskar is homeless. Vasanthi approaches Baskar and apologises for her earlier actions. Baskar forgives her, and they both fall in love. Vasanthi lives with her mother and unmarried elder sister Geetha. Baskar rents the vacant portion of their house.

One day when Baskar falls ill, Geetha nurses him and in the process, falls in love with him. She confides her love to Vasanthi who is heartbroken but decides to sacrifice her love out of respect for her sister. Since Geetha was responsible for raising Vasanthi, she is granted her wish, and Vasanthi convinces Baskar to marry Geetha.

After Baskar and Geetha marry, they shift to [[Coimbatore]] where Baskar has been transferred. Meanwhile, Vasanthi has obtained employment as a [[Copy typist|typist]]. Her manager Raghu falls in love with her and expresses his desire to marry her, but she is unable to respond to his feelings.

Baskar is unable to lead a happy life as he often thinks about his disappointment in love. Vasanthi writes to Baskar advising him to forget about the past and lead a happy life with Geetha; he relents. Shortly thereafter, Geetha becomes pregnant and returns to her original home where she delivers a son named Babu. Raghu again meets Vasanthi and proposes to her, but she tells him about her past and expresses her inability to respond to his love. Heartbroken, Raghu leaves her and resigns from his job.

Vasanthi joins Geetha at their Coimbatore house following her mother's death. When Geetha falls ill, Vasanthi attends to all the household work. Baskar spends more time with Vasanthi than his wife, who suspects them of being in a relationship, and berates them both. Due to this, Vasanthi leaves them.

Geetha, having realised that Baskar and Vasanthi loved each other, dies in guilt, leaving Baskar alone to bring up Babu, making him promise that he will find Vasanthi and make her the child's mother. He searches for Vasanthi all over the city, to no avail. Meanwhile, Vasanthi meets with an accident but is saved by a wealthy old man who allows her to stay in his house. The man's son arrives and is revealed to be Raghu, who Vasanthi agrees to marry. Through Sampath, Baskar learns about Vasanthi's impending marriage and rushes to the marriage hall with Babu. However, by the time they arrive, Vasanthi is already married. Baskar then leaves Babu to her as a wedding gift and walks away.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Baskar
* [[B. Saroja Devi]] as Vasanthi
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Sampath
* [[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]] as Geetha
* [[M. Saroja]] as Malini
* [[S. D. Subbulakshmi]] as Vasanthi and Geetha's mother<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2013 |title=எஸ்.டி. சுப்புலட்சுமி கலையே வாழ்க்கை |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/221465-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121042141/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/221465-.html |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Ta}}</ref>
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]] as Raghu
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as Raghu's father
* Babu as Babu

}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===

After the success of the Venus Pictures production ''[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' (1958), its screenwriter [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]] was keen on creating the story for his next film. He thought of various stories, eventually finalising on a [[Love triangle|triangular love story]] where two sisters fall in love the same man, with one sister sacrificing her love for the other's sake; he believed this sacrifice would be a strength.<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |date=6 October 1991 |title=டைரக்டர் ஸ்ரீதர்: திரும்பி பார்க்கிறேன் |trans-title=Director Sridhar: Looking Back |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-10-06/page/n11/mode/2up |access-date=11 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=10–12 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> This story would eventually evolve into the film ''Kalyana Parisu'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2018 |title=பத்திரிகையாளர் சுதாங்கனின் 'நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை!' – 19 |trans-title=Journalist Sudhangan's ‘The Soul Never Forgets!’ – 19 |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/42672 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190617113214/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/42672 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=17 June 2019 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref> Sridhar's directorial debut.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=220}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2012 |title=ஸ்ரீதர் டைரக்ட் செய்த முதல் படம் 'கல்யாணப் பரிசு' |trans-title=''Kalyana Parisu'', the first film directed by Sridhar |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/20181928/director-sridhar-first-film.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131120162951/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/20181928/director-sridhar-first-film.html |archive-date=20 November 2013 |access-date=6 October 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> It was produced by Sridhar and his Venus partners S. Krishnamurthi and T. Govindarajan.<ref name="Randor" /><ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> Govindarajan initially did not like the plot as he found it similar to ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' (1956) for which Sridhar also wrote the script but later agreed to produce the film.<ref name="kalki" />

Film historian [[Film News Anandan]] said the other producers did not have much faith in Sridhar's directing skills. He also claimed to have been the only person who Sridhar narrated the climax to.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=9 November 2009 |title=Chronicles of Anandan |url=https://issuu.com/southscope/docs/nov09 |access-date=2 September 2018 |magazine=[[South Scope]] |pages=112–113 |via=[[Issuu]] |volume=1 |issue=2}}{{cbignore}}</ref> T. A. Sadagoppan (later known as [[Chitralaya Gopu]]) a childhood friend of Sridhar, joined as an associate writer for the film, thereby making his cinematic debut.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parthasarathy |first=Anusha |date=24 November 2010 |title=Heaven on earth |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Heaven-on-earth/article15713577.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170405034433/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Heaven-on-earth/article15713577.ece |archive-date=5 April 2017 |access-date=8 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Gopu recalled that Sridhar turned up at his office and said, "Quit this job now and come with me. I will be directing a film soon," and Gopu readily agreed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 July 2016 |title=The director's fine cut |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/The-director%E2%80%99s-fine-cut/article14501577.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517053827/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/The-director%E2%80%99s-fine-cut/article14501577.ece |archive-date=17 May 2018 |access-date=17 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He was chosen to write the film's comedy [[subplot]].<ref name="Mannar & Co" /> [[A. Vincent]] handled the cinematography and N. M. Shankar was the editor,<ref name="Randor" /> while Ganga was in charge of the art direction.<ref name="poster" />

=== Casting and filming ===

[[B. Saroja Devi]] and [[C. R. Vijayakumari|Vijayakumari]] played the sisters Vasanthi and Geetha respectively, while [[Gemini Ganesan]] played the male lead Baskar.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=360}} [[Rajasulochana]] was Sridhar's initial choice for Vijayakumari's character.<ref name="sridhar">{{Cite magazine |date=13 October 1991 |title=வாரம் தவறாமல் நாலு சினிமா! |trans-title=Four films every week! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-10-13/page/n53/mode/2up |access-date=10 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=53–54 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Although Ganesan had contracted [[typhoid fever]], Sridhar felt only he could do "justice to the role" and decided to wait for him to get better before casting him.{{sfn|Ganesh|2011|p=63}} [[K. A. Thangavelu]] and [[M. Saroja]] were signed for the comedy sequences.<ref name="Randor" /> Thangavelu portrayed Baskar's friend Sampath, who masquerades as a faux writer named Bhairavan,<ref name="7thawardPDF" /><ref name="Bhairavan" /> and Saroja portrayed Sampath's wife Malini. The character was inspired by Gopu's wife Kamala.<ref>{{Cite news |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=16 March 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 09: எழுத்தாய் மாறிய வாழ்க்கை! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/167273-09-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121042821/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/167273-09-1.html |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref name="She remembers" /> According to historian M. L. Narasimhan, Sridhar cast [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] actor [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]] as Vasanthi's boss Raghu because of Rao's popularity among Tamil audiences, coupled with the fact that Sridhar wrote the dialogues for the Tamil dubbed versions of many of Rao's films.<ref name=":0" /> [[M. N. Nambiar]] portrayed Raghu's father, deviating from the negative roles he was generally known for.<ref name="VikatanReview" /> Child actor Babu portrayed Baskar's son by the same name in his debut.<ref name="7thawardPDF" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Kalyana Parisu |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Venus Pictures |year=1959 |time=1:14 |time-caption=Opening credits, at}}</ref>

The scene where Sampath lies to Malini about his profession was filmed in a single take.<ref name="She remembers" /> Sridhar, despite providing the required dialogues, asked Thangavelu to improvise on them so as to make the humour more spontaneous.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=24 September 2016 |title=King of comedy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/with-the-death-anniversary-of-k-a-thangavelu-falling-this-week-we-take-a-look-at-the-life-and-times-of-the-ace-comedian/article9142755.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924121052/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/with-the-death-anniversary-of-k-a-thangavelu-falling-this-week-we-take-a-look-at-the-life-and-times-of-the-ace-comedian/article9142755.ece |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=27 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Gopu has stated that Sampath was inspired by his school friend Venkatesh, "a [[pathological lying|compulsive liar]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=10 July 2009 |title=Looking back with a smile |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Looking-back-with-a-smile/article15938930.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517045001/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Looking-back-with-a-smile/article15938930.ece |archive-date=17 May 2018 |access-date=17 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He described himself as the inspiration behind Mannar and Co, a faux company invented by Sampath. Gopu said that since he came from an orthodox family, he could not tell his in-laws that he was working in films; he would lie to them that he was working at a shipping firm named "Mannar and Co".<ref name="Mannar & Co" /> For the song "Vaadikkai Maranthathum", Saroja Devi learned how to ride a cycle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2012 |title=கல்யாணப் பரிசு' படத்தின் மூலம் நட்சத்திர அந்தஸ்து பெற்றார், சரோஜாதேவி |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/02190423/kalyana-parisu-cinema-stars-sa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326190724/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/02190423/kalyana-parisu-cinema-stars-sa.html |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=19 June 2019 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The final length of the film was {{convert|17493|feet|metres}},<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> and its budget was {{INRConvert|1|l|year=1959}}.{{Efn|The exchange rate in 1959 was 4.79 Indian rupees (₹) to one dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2013 |title=Rupee's journey since Independence: Down by 65 times against dollar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rupees-journey-since-independence-down-by-65-times-against-dollar/articleshow/22025032.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130829085318/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-24/news/41444029_1_indian-rupee-american-currency-continued-dollar-demand |archive-date=29 August 2013 |access-date=19 June 2019 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>|name=|group=}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S. |date=25 March 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth may have to lose more in future: Charuhasan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-and-rajinikanth-may-have-to-lose-more-in-future-charuhasan-5641277/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619081549/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-and-rajinikanth-may-have-to-lose-more-in-future-charuhasan-5641277/ |archive-date=19 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> While watching the preview of the film, Govindarajan was dissatisfied with the climax but opted against changing it.<ref name="kalyana">{{Cite magazine |date=20 October 1991 |title=என் நிலையில் நீங்கள் இருந்தால்... |trans-title=If you were in my position... |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-10-20/page/n55/mode/2up |access-date=11 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=54–56 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[A. M. Rajah]], his first Tamil film as music composer,<ref name="thinakaran" /> while the lyrics were written by [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]].<ref name="ecrater" />{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=116}} When Sridhar told Kalyanasundaram told the complete storyline of ''Kalyana Parisu'' in detail, Kalyanasundaram felt it was too "longwinded" and summed it up in two lines: "Kaathalile tholviyutraal kanni oruthi, kalangukiral avanai nenjil niruthi" (A virgin had lost her love, she is heartbroken about him). Sridhar was surprised at this since he had struggled to develop the storyline for months. Though initially depressed, he felt the lines were true and asked Kalyanasundaram to develop them into a song; the result was "Kaathalile Tholviyutraal". According to Sridhar, the song was originally "meant as a criticism! So, one shouldn't be scared of criticism. We should use it to catalyze our imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=11 April 2010 |title=Poet Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram; 80th Birthday Remembrance |url=https://www.sangam.org/2010/04/Kalyanasundaram.php?uid=3916Sangam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624175740/http://www.sangam.org/2010/04/Kalyanasundaram.php?uid=3916Sangam |archive-date=24 June 2018 |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> The [[Diwali]]-themed song "Unnaikkandu Naanada" is set in [[Bilahari]], a [[Carnatic raga]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatraman |first=Lakshmi |date=26 November 2004 |title=Peace and prosperity with ragas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/11/26/stories/2004112602360600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425053051/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/11/26/stories/2004112602360600.htm |archive-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=25 September 2017 |title=Filmy Ripples – Movie featured Festivals |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/09/25/filmy-ripples-movie-featured-festivals/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180425053951/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/09/25/filmy-ripples-movie-featured-festivals/ |archive-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> The song "Tea Tea Tea", sung by [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], is picturised on Sampath, a tea seller, and deviated from the divine, philosophical songs Govindarajan was generally known for.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=14 August 2017 |title=Filmy Ripples – When the vendors lipped a song |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/08/14/filmy-ripples-when-the-vendors-lipped-a-song/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180824062403/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/08/14/filmy-ripples-when-the-vendors-lipped-a-song/ |archive-date=24 August 2018 |access-date=24 August 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> The film follows a then convention of Tamil cinema to feature the same song sung twice: once in joy and once in sorrow.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|pp=126–127}}

A version of the soundtrack released by [[Odeon Records]] in 1983 includes only four songs: "Thullatha Manamum", [[P. Susheela]]'s version of "Unnaikkandu Naanada" (listed as "Unnaikandu"), "Vaadikkai Maranthathum" and "Mangayar Mugathil" (listed as "Akkalukku Valaikappu").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalyana Parisu ( EP 45 RPM ) |url=https://avdigital.in/products/kalyana-parisu-ep-45-rpm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715065436/https://avdigital.in/products/kalyana-parisu-ep-45-rpm |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=AVDigital}}</ref> A version released by [[EMI]] in 1995 includes all songs except "Tea Tea Tea", and "Mangayar Mugathil" is listed as "Mangayar Mugathil (Akkalukku)". The songs "Kaathalile Tholviyutraal" and "Kaathalile Tholviyutraan" are listed as two separate tracks in this version;<ref name="ecrater" /> however, in the tracklist released by [[Saregama]] in 2015, they are listed as a single merged track.<ref name="Jukebox" />

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = [[Saregama]] tracklist<ref name="Jukebox" />
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Aasaiyinaale Manam
| lyrics1 = [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]]
| extra1 = [[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 3:28
| title2 = Unnaikkandu Naanada
| lyrics2 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra2 = P. Susheela
| length2 = 3:20
| title3 = Kaathalile Tholviyutraal{{efn|Exists as two separate tracks in the 1995 EMI edition; the first, titled "Kaathalile Tholviyutraal", contains only Susheela's vocals and the second, titled "Kaathalile Tholviyutraan", contains only Rajah's vocals.<ref name="ecrater" />}}
| lyrics3 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra3 = P. Susheela, A. M. Rajah
| length3 = 3:20
| title4 = Tea Tea Tea
| lyrics4 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra4 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| length4 = 3:11
| title5 = Vaadikkai Maranthathum
| lyrics5 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra5 = A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
| length5 = 4:24
| title6 = Unnaikkandu Naan vaada
| note6 = [[Pathos]]
| lyrics6 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra6 = A. M. Rajah
| length6 = 4:13
| title7 = Thullatha Manamum
| lyrics7 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra7 = [[Jikki]]
| length7 = 3:57
| title8 = Mangayar Mugathil
| lyrics8 = Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram
| extra8 = P. Susheela, [[K. Jamuna Rani]], Chorus
| length8 = 5:05
}}

== Release ==
''Kalyana Parisu'' was released on 9 April 1959.<ref name="thinakaran" /><ref name="poster" /> When it was released in the Casino theatre in Madras (now [[Chennai]]), it was publicised with 100 ft by 30 ft banners of the film's important scenes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=1 February 2011 |title=Memories of Madras – Shades of a bygone era |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Memories-of-Madras-mdash-Shades-of-a-bygone-era/article15124991.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180812152418/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Memories-of-Madras-mdash-Shades-of-a-bygone-era/article15124991.ece |archive-date=12 August 2018 |access-date=12 August 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Despite facing competition from another Gemini Ganesan film ''[[Nalla Theerpu]]'', released on the same day,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 1959 |title=Nalla Theerpu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590409&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''Kalyana Parisu'' became a major box office success,{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|pp=126–127}} running for over 25 weeks in theatres,<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> thereby becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2018 |title=MGR, man of the masses |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mgr-man-of-the-masses/article22454866.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425045417/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mgr-man-of-the-masses/article22454866.ece |archive-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=2 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{efn|A silver jubilee film is one that completes a theatrical run of 25 weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amarjothi Pictures vs Commissioner of Income-Tax, ... on 18 December, 1967 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1859779/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629092355/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1859779/ |archive-date=29 June 2018 |access-date=29 June 2018 |website=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>}} Historian [[S. Theodore Baskaran]] attributed the film's success "in large part to its music composed by [A. M. Raja], who was at his peak as a playback singer."{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|pp=126–127}} Ganesan visited the theatre Thirumalai Talkies for the film's 75-day celebrations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kabirdoss |first=Yogesh |date=15 August 2017 |title=Once a show-stopper theatre now forgotten |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Once-a-show-stopper-theatre-now-forgotten-15082017004041 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904225737/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Once-a-show-stopper-theatre-now-forgotten-15082017004041 |archive-date=4 September 2018 |access-date=4 September 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On the film's 100th day celebrations, Thangavelu and M. Saroja were married at the Murugan Temple in [[Madurai]].<ref name="She remembers" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kesavan |first=N. |date=26 June 2016 |title=Comediennes who made Tamil cinema bright |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/Comediennes-who-made-Tamil-cinema-bright/article14404869.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227092659/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/Comediennes-who-made-Tamil-cinema-bright/article14404869.ece |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=6 June 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
''Kalyana Parisu'' received critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2016 |title=Remembering Gemini Ganesan on his 96th birthday: Five films of Kadhal Mannan you need to watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/remembering-gemini-ganesan-on-his-96th-birthday-five-films-of-kadhal-mannan-20667-2016-11-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180327152546/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/remembering-gemini-ganesan-on-his-96th-birthday-five-films-of-kadhal-mannan-20667-2016-11-17 |archive-date=27 March 2018 |access-date=27 March 2018 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> It was praised for eschewing long dialogues in favour of short verses with simple words to touch the heart, and Vincent's camera mobility instead of being fixed to one point like many Tamil films then.<ref name="shock" /> On 10 April 1959, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said, "The picture has powerful story value and many tender moments. Gemini Ganesan, B. Saroja Devi, C. R. Vijayakumari and A. Nageswara Rao have all given sensitive performances" and commented positively on Thangavelu's comedy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 1959 |title=Kalyana Parisu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590410&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=29 March 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Sekar of the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', in its 26 April 1959 issue, appreciated the fact that the film had no villain, and everyone had a good heart. He praised the performances of Ganesan and Saroja Devi, writing that the latter showed the three emotions – love, sacrifice and duty – excellently. Sekar concluded that in totality, the film deserved a prize for its story, a prize for its acting and a prize for its dialogues.<ref name="VikatanReview" /> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote {{clarify|date=April 2023}}.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=1959-04-26 |title=கல்யாணப் பரிசு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-04-26/page/n23/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230403044014/https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-04-26/page/n23/mode/2up |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=5 October 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=22–23 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

Later reviews have been less positive. S. Krishnaswamy of the magazine ''Film Word'', in 1970, called it "an otherwise imperfect and aesthetically crude film".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Krishnaswamy |first=S. |year=1970 |editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=T.M. |title=Phenomenon of Three Dominant Heroes in South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3dTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Phenomenon+of+Three+Dominant+Heroes+in+South+India%22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715065435/https://books.google.com/books?id=i3dTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Phenomenon+of+Three+Dominant+Heroes+in+South+India%22 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=30 October 2020 |magazine=Film World |pages=38–39 |volume=6}}</ref> In his 1996 book ''The Eye of The Serpent'', Theodore Baskaran said the comedy subplot did not fit into the main storyline and was not cinematic.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=127}}

=== Accolades ===
At the [[7th National Film Awards]], ''Kalyana Parisu'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil]].<ref name="7thawardPDF" />

== Legacy ==
''Kalyana Parisu'' emerged a milestone in Tamil cinema,<ref name="shock" /> and the breakthrough for Saroja Devi and A. M. Rajah.<ref name="Upperstall" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Bharati |date=16-31 October 2014 |title=The stars in Gandhi Nagar |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2013/the-stars-in-gandhi-nagar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809100324/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2013/the-stars-in-gandhi-nagar.html |archive-date=9 August 2018 |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=[[Madras Musings]]}}</ref> The success of its songs made Susheela a leading female playback singer of Tamil cinema.<ref name="Upperstall" /> With the film's success, Sridhar launched his own production company, [[Chithralaya]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2008 |title=Film director Sridhar dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Film-director-Sridhar-dead/article15326455.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190620093309/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Film-director-Sridhar-dead/article15326455.ece |archive-date=20 June 2019 |access-date=20 June 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Kalyana Parisu'' also set the pattern for Sridhar's later works in which he repeated the motif of the eternal triangle and unrequited love.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=126}} It also set a precedent for Tamil films where "a friend, brother or sister sacrifices their love for another".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Ashutosh |date=3 July 2021 |title=20 Best Tamil Romances Of All Time |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/best-romantic-movies-tamil-netflix-amazon-prime-hotstar-youtube-96-pyaar-prema-kaadhal-attakathi-ok-kanmani-muthal-mariyathai-punnagai-mannan-kaadhal-kottai-kadhalukku-mariyadhai-kanda-naal-mudhal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703073122/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/best-romantic-movies-tamil-netflix-amazon-prime-hotstar-youtube-96-pyaar-prema-kaadhal-attakathi-ok-kanmani-muthal-mariyathai-punnagai-mannan-kaadhal-kottai-kadhalukku-mariyadhai-kanda-naal-mudhal/ |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> According to French film historian Yves Thoraval, it established Sridhar's reputation as a director of melodramatic films focusing on "star-crossed love affairs involving three persons".{{sfn|Thoraval|2000|p=328}} The comedy subplot gained popularity, and was sold separately on audio cassettes and [[Phonograph record|vinyl records]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalyana Parisu Comedy scene Dialogues Tamil EP Vinyl Record |url=https://mossymart.com/product/kalyana-parisu-comedy-scene-dialogues-tamil-ep-vinyl-record/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715063642/https://mossymart.com/product/kalyana-parisu-comedy-scene-dialogues-tamil-ep-vinyl-record/ |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=127}} The term "Mannar and Company" (or "Mannar and Co") later entered Tamil vernacular, with it meaning a hoax job,<ref>{{Cite news |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=23 March 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 10: மாயமானது தங்கவேலுவின் மோதிரம்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/167626-10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121043317/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/167626-10.html |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> while also referring to an unemployed husband.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2017 |title=செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் |trans-title=Celluloid women |url=http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4085&id1=84&issue=20170716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190620134539/http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4085&id1=84&issue=20170716 |archive-date=20 June 2019 |access-date=20 June 2019 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
In a scene from ''[[Avvai Shanmughi]]'' (1996), when Viswanatha Iyer (Gemini Ganesan) is shocked to hear that Shanmugi ([[Kamal Haasan]]) is married, "Kaathalile Tholviyutraan" is played in the background.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Avvai Shanmugi |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sree Mahalakshmi Combines |year=1996}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'', in her review of ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'' (2003) mentioned that comedy track performed by [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in the film "has touches of the Thangavelu-M. Saroja track in Sridhar's ''Kalyana Parisu''".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=23 May 2003 |title=Parthiban Kanavu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301320200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119184043/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301320200.htm |archive-date=19 November 2004 |access-date=11 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Other versions ==
Sridhar remade ''Kalyana Parisu'' in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1960 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]'' (1960). Saroja Devi returned as Vasanthi, while Nageswara Rao replaced Ganesan as Baskar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=23 March 2016 |title=Blast from the Past: Pellikanuka (1960) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-pellikanuka-1960/article8389478.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153855/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-pellikanuka-1960/article8389478.ece |archive-date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2014 |title=Saroja Devi in Kalyana Parisu and Pelli Kanuka |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/Saroja-Devi-in-Kalyana-Parisu-and-Pelli-Kanuka/articleshow/33239387.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180825104608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/Saroja-Devi-in-Kalyana-Parisu-and-Pelli-Kanuka/articleshow/33239387.cms |archive-date=25 August 2018 |access-date=25 August 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Sridhar also directed the [[Hindi]] remake ''[[Nazrana (1961 film)|Nazrana]]'' (1961), which had Ganesan in the role originally played by Nageswara Rao in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kohli |first=Suresh |date=2 December 2011 |title=Nazrana (1961) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2678975.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730052604/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2678975.ece |archive-date=30 July 2013 |access-date=2 March 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Malayalam]] by [[J. Sasikumar]] as ''[[Sammanam (1975 film)|Sammanam]]'' (1975).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=11 April 2016 |title=Sammanam: 1975 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/sammanam-1975/article8458943.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621051855/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/sammanam-1975/article8458943.ece |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Kalyana Parisu'' also inspired the Telugu film ''[[Devata (1982 film)|Devata]]'' (1982) and its Hindi remake ''[[Tohfa]]'' (1984), both directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=16 January 2017 |title=Ten times south Indian filmmakers remade their own films in Hindi |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/0H98x8dlPbNnCh2ksqY8TN/Ten-times-south-Indian-filmmakers-remade-their-own-films-in.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180327162031/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/0H98x8dlPbNnCh2ksqY8TN/Ten-times-south-Indian-filmmakers-remade-their-own-films-in.html |archive-date=27 March 2018 |access-date=27 March 2018 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=974247556678082561 |user=NFAIOfficial |title=#ThrowbackThursday: #GeminiGanesan and #Vijayakumari in #KalyanaParisu. This popular #Tamil #melodrama spawned many remakes, including Pelli Kanuka in #Telugu starring #ANR, #Nazrana in #Hindi starring #RajKapoor – #Vyjayanthimala, & #Tohfa starring #Jeetendra – #Sridevi. #TBT |author=National Film Archive of India |author-link=National Film Archive of India |date=15 March 2018 |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180327162211/https://twitter.com/NFAIOfficial/status/974247556678082561 |archive-date=27 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Bhairavan">{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=7 July 2004 |title=Dissecting the April 2004 General Election Voting in Jaffna District |url=https://sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=448 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180815085856/http://sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=448 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>
<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |date=9 April 1959 |title=Kalyana Parisu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590409&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="Upperstall">{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=25 May 2018 |title=CV Sridhar |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/cv-sridhar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131325/https://upperstall.com/profile/cv-sridhar/ |archive-date=29 June 2018 |access-date=23 August 2018 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref>
<ref name="VikatanReview">{{Cite web |last1=சேகர் |last2=சுந்தர் |date=26 April 1959 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ''கல்யாண பரிசு'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Kalyana Parisu'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40949--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200506045344/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40949--2 |archive-date=6 May 2020 |access-date=6 May 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="7thawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=7th National Film Awards |url=https://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/107_7thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619095248/http://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/107_7thNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Jukebox">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo3JMznfpWE |title=Kalyana Parisu (1959) All Songs Jukebox |date=4 August 2015 |language=ta |publisher=[[Saregama]] |access-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064636/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo3JMznfpWE |archive-date=15 July 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ecrater">{{Cite AV media |url=http://s.ecrater.com/stores/224545/4f29b789e6534_224545b.jpg |title=Kalyana Parisu (1959) |type=[[Compact Disc Digital Audio]] |publisher=[[EMI Records]] |year=1995 |access-date=11 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111051356/http://s.ecrater.com/stores/224545/4f29b789e6534_224545b.jpg |archive-date=11 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="thinakaran">{{Cite news |date=3 July 2012 |title=முதன் முதலில் கெமரா மூலம் கதை சொல்லும் உத்தியை கையாண்டவர் ஸ்ரீதர் |url=http://archives.thinakaran.lk/2012/07/03/?fn=f1207034&p=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227092659/http://archives.thinakaran.lk/2012/07/03/?fn=f1207034&p=1 |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=2 June 2017 |work=[[Thinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Mannar & Co">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=20 November 2005 |title='Chithralaya' Gopu, proprietor of Mannar & Co, Oho Productions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112014160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180815093540/https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112014160200.htm |archive-date=15 August 2018 |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="She remembers">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=30 January 2009 |title=She remembers... |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/She-remembers%E2%80%A6/article15936979.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807131240/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/She-remembers%E2%80%A6/article15936979.ece |archive-date=7 August 2018 |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1959 – கல்யாண பரிசு – வீனஸ் பிக்சர்ஸ். பெள்ளிகானுகா (தெ)- நஸ்ரானா (இ). |trans-title=1959 – Kalyana Parisu – Venus Pictures. Pelli Kanuka (te)- Nazrana (hi). |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails13.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306020620/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails13.asp |archive-date=6 March 2021 |access-date=27 March 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Randor">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=6 October 2012 |title=Kalyana Parisu 1959 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kalyana-parisu-1959/article3971761.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170422140054/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kalyana-parisu-1959/article3971761.ece |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=2 June 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="shock">{{Cite news |date=21 March 2013 |title='கல்யாணப் பரிசு' ரிலீஸ் அன்று ஸ்ரீதருக்கு ஏற்பட்ட அதிர்ச்சி! |trans-title=The shock that Sridhar had on the day of ''Kalyana Parisu''{{'}}s release! |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/21163719/kalayanaparisu-film-release-da.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009123004/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2012/03/21163719/kalayanaparisu-film-release-da.html |archive-date=9 October 2014 |access-date=6 October 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |title=The Eye of The Serpent: An Introduction to Tamil Cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |location=Chennai}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ganesh |first=Narayani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDG8ZwEACAAJ |title=Eternal Romantic: My Father, Gemini Ganesan |publisher=Lustre Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-7436-578-1 |location=New Delhi |pages=63}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ |title=The cinemas of India |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |year=2000 |isbn=0-333-93410-5 |location=India}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{C. V. Sridhar}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil}}

[[Category:1950s melodrama films]]
[[Category:1950s teen drama films]]
[[Category:1950s teen romance films]]
[[Category:1959 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films about letters (message)]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:Films about sisters]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. M. Rajah]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in offices]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Manku Thampuran

2026-03-14T18:57:25Z

Greensobhacondo: made the data added tags!

{{Short description|Indian musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Valiyamma Manku Thampuran
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Valiyamma
| birth_date = 1914
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2011|7|21|1914}}
| death_place =
| children =
| occupation = musician
| title = First chairperson of [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi|Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy]]
| spouse =
| honors = [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship|Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy Fellowship]]
}}

'''Valiyamma Manku Thampuran''' (1914 – 21 July 2011) was an Indian musician from [[Kerala]], who served as the first chairperson of the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi|Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=P. A |first=Balachandran |date=24 July 2022 |title=മങ്കുത്തമ്പുരാനും ചെമ്പൈ വൈദ്യനാഥ ഭാഗവതരും |pages=Sunday special edition 1, 2 |work=Madhyamam}}</ref> A student of [[Chembai|Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar]], she was awarded the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship|Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy Fellowship]] for musicians in 1972. Manku Thampuran is also a recipient of the Sangeet Sabha Music Award.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Relations |first=Kerala (India) Department of Public |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esm1AAAAIAAJ&q=manku+thampuran |title=A Handbook of Kerala |date=1959 |publisher=Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala |language=en}}</ref> She also holds the distinction of being the first person to perform a live concert from Kerala in 1939 for the Madras Radio Station.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2011 |title=Manku Thampuran Passes Away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2011/jul/22/manku-thampuranpasses-away-273962.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thampuran, Manku}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

National Film Award for Best Make-up

2026-03-12T11:17:01Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Make-up
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = National award for contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]]
| awarded_for =
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 2006
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist (2006–2021)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = Shrikant Desai, ''[[Sam Bahadur (film)|Sam Bahadur]]'' (2023)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Make-up''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The award was instituted in 2006, at [[54th National Film Awards]] and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. Since the [[70th National Film Awards]], the name was changed to "National Film Award for Best Make-up".<ref>{{cite web |author=Under Secretary to the Government of India |date=14 December 2023 |title=Report on Rationalization of Awards Conferred by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting |access-date=25 August 2024 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]}}</ref>

== Multiple winners ==
'''• 3 wins :''' Vikram Gaikwad

== Recipients ==

Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="5" | List of award recipients, showing the year (award ceremony), film(s) and language(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Recipient
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Anil Motiram Palande
| ''[[Traffic Signal (film)|Traffic Signal]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Pattanam Rasheed]]
| ''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]''
| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | U. K. Sasi
| ''[[Naan Kadavul]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Christien Tinsley]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Dominie Till
|-
| align="center" | [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Vikram Gaikwad
| ''[[Moner Manush]]''
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| align="center" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Vikram Gaikwad
| ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]''
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Dirty Picture]]''
|Hindi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Raja
| ''[[Vazhakku Enn 18/9]]''
| Tamil
| align="center" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press_release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" | Vikram Gaikwad
| ''[[Jaatishwar]]''
| Bengali
| align="center" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | Raju
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Naanu Avanalla...Avalu]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Kannada]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press_release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Nagaraj
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | Preetisheel Singh
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Nanak Shah Fakir]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press_release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Clover Wootton
|-
| align="center" | [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" | N. K. Ramakrishna
| ''[[Allama (film)|Allama]]''
| Kannada
| align="center" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Ram Rajjak
| ''[[Nagarkirtan]]''
| Bengali
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Awards: Sridevi Wins Best Actress Posthumously For MOM, Dadasaheb Phalke For Vinod Khanna |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/national-awards-sridevi-wins-best-actress-posthumously-for-mom-1837079 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Ranjith
| ''[[Awe (film)|Awe]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=66th National Film Awards for 2018 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192564 |accessdate=5 October 2024 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Ranjith Ambady
| ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]''
| Malayalam
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/images/News/1098_winners_for_67th.pdf|access-date=25 May 2022|title=67th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
! scope="row" |T. V. Ram Babu
| ''[[Natyam]]''
| Telugu
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=68th National Film Awards announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1843932 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Preetisheel Singh
| ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
| Hindi
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/69th-national-film-awards-here-s-the-complete-updated-winners-list-123101800870_1.html|access-date=18 Oct 2023|title=69th National Film Awards: Here's the complete updated winners' list|publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rrr-bags-six-national-awards-gangubai-kathiawadi-takes-five/article67231938.ece|access-date=25 August 2023|title=‘RRR’ bags six national awards, ‘Gangubai Kathiawadi’ takes five|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Somnath Kundu
| ''[[Aparajito (2022 film)|Aparajito]]''
| Bengali
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045960 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
! scope="row" | Shrikant Desai
| ''[[Sam Bahadur (film)|Sam Bahadur]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=71st National Film Awards: Vikrant Massey Bags Best Actor For 12th Fail; All Winners Announced |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-vikrant-massey-competes-for-best-actor-announcement-begins-at-6-pm-ws-l-9478089.html |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]

{{National Film Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Film Award For Best Make-Up Artist}}
[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Make-Up Artist]]
[[Category:Film awards for makeup and hairstyling]]

Ferozepore (jagir)

2026-03-11T17:34:41Z

Greensobhacondo: starting details - done

{{Short description|Sikh estate in Punjab, India, 1761–1835}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Ferozepore Jagir
| image_map = Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Ferozepore Estate from a map created by the British East India Company of the Malwa region of Punjab showing the various polities, borders, and settlements of the area, ca.1829–1835.jpg
| map_caption = Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Ferozepore Estate from a map created by the British East India Company, ca.1829–1835
| capital = [[Ferozepore]]
| year_end = 1835
| year_start = 1761
| today = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
}}
'''Ferozepore Jagir''', or '''Ferozepore Estate''', was a small [[Cis-Sutlej states|cis-Sutlej]] [[Sikh state|Sikh estate]] in the form of ''[[jagir]]'' based around [[Firozpur|Ferozepore]] in [[Punjab]].{{Efn|There are various archaic and modern spellings of 'Ferozepur', such as Ferozepore, Ferozepur, Ferozpore, Ferozepur, Ferozpur, Firozpore, Firozpur, and others. The official spelling presently used by the government of the state of Punjab (India) is 'Firozpur'.|group=note}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Lot 261: A Reminiscence of Ferozepore, a caricature of Maharajah Ranjit Singh, Thomas Black, Calcutta, 1838 |url=https://www.bonhams.com/auction/30703/lot/261/a-reminiscence-of-ferozepore-a-caricature-of-maharajah-ranjit-singh-thomas-black-calcutta-1838/ |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=Bonhams |quote=Ferozepore was a small cis-Sutlej Sikh state, taken under British control in 1835. Henry Lawrence took full charge of it in 1839.}}</ref> It was occupied by the [[East India Company|British]] in 1835 after the death of Lachhman Kaur.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Krishen |first=Indra |title=An Historical Interpretation of the Correspondence of Sir George Russell Clerk, Political Agent, Ambala and Ludhiana, 1831-43 |publisher=Gulab Chand Kapur |year=1952 |pages=128–131}}</ref> The estate was a jagir of the Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh until it lapsed into British control.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Manpreet |title=Life and Times of Maharani Jind Kaur (1817 A.D.-1863 A.D.) |date=February 2018 |publisher=Guru Kashi University |location=Talwandi Sabo |pages=26}}</ref>

== History ==
The name of Ferozepore is said to derive either from [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Feroz Shah Tughlaq]], [[List of sultans of Delhi|sultan of Delhi]], or from a Bhatti chief, named Feroze Khan, who was a mid-16th century Manj Rajput chief.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Dhiman |first=Manoj |date=3 July 1999 |title=The town was once an important trade centre |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jul03/saturday/regional.htm#1 |access-date=6 June 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>

The period of Sikh influence in the region was affirmed in 1758, when [[Adina Beg Khan|Adina Beg]] was defeated by the Sikhs.<ref name=":2" /> In 1761, the Sikh chief [[Hari Singh Dhillon|Hari Singh]] of the [[Bhangi Misl]] captured [[Kasur]] and [[Firozpur district|nearby areas]] of Ferozepore.<ref name=":2" /> One of the Bhangi sardars of Hari Singh, named Gurja (Gujar) Singh, along with his brother Nushaha Singh, and two nephews, Gurbakhsh Singh and Mastan Singh, took hold of Ferozepore for the Sikhs.<ref name=":2" /> Later, Gurja (Gujar) Singh gave Ferozepore to his nephew, Gurbakhsh Singh.<ref name=":2" /> The Ferozepore territory as it existed then contained 37 villages.<ref name=":2" /> In 1792, Gurbaksh Singh decided to divy up his territorial possessions amongst his four sons, with his second-son, Dhanna Singh, being bestowed control over the Ferozepore territory.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

In ca.1818–19, Dhanna Singh died and therefore was succeeded by his widow, Lachhman Kaur.{{Efn|Lachhman Kaur's name is alternatively spelt as 'Rani Lacchman Kaur'.|group=note}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":122">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sakoon |date=2 April 2025 |title=History of Punjab Re-imagined Through the Lives of Women |url=https://thewire.in/books/history-of-punjab-re-imagined-through-the-lives-of-women |access-date=29 June 2025 |work=The Wire}}</ref> In 1820, Lachhman Kaur went on a pilgrimage to shrines of Haridwar, Gaya, and Jagannath after having placed her father-in-law, Gurbakhsh Singh, in charge of Ferozepore in her temporary absence.<ref name=":2" /> However, it was during this absence that Baghel Singh, nephew of the deceased Dhanna Singh, occupied the Ferozepore Fort under the guise of visiting his grandfather Gurbaksh Singh.<ref name=":2" /> After three years of travels, Lachhman Kaur returned to Ferozepore in 1823 to find that Baghel Singh has holed himself in the fortress and was unable to expel him.<ref name=":2" /> Therefore, she enlisted the help of the British East India Company to reclaim her possession of Ferozepore.<ref name=":2" /> Through the efforts of Captain Ross, the Deputy Superintendent of Sikh Affairs, whom represented her case to the Lahore agent representing the [[Sikh Empire]], [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] gave orders to Baghel Singh to relinquish his antics, allowing Lachhman Kaur to return to her rule of Ferozepore.<ref name=":2" /> Baghel Singh died in 1826.<ref name=":2" /> Lachhman Kaur complained about her rebellious subjects and that they did not respect the rules of a woman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sakoon |date=2 April 2025 |title=History of Punjab Re-imagined Through the Lives of Women |url=https://thewire.in/books/history-of-punjab-re-imagined-through-the-lives-of-women |access-date=29 June 2025 |work=The Wire}}</ref>

Lachhman Kaur died issueless on 28 September 1835 (other sources gives her date of death as being October 1835 or December 1835) after ruling Ferozepore for sixteen years as an independent chieftain.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":12" /> In July 1838, Jhanda Singh and Chanda Singh, the brothers of Baghel Singh and nephews of Dhanna Singh, both claimed the chiefship of Ferozepore.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> However, these attempts were unsuccessful and the Ferozepore territory lapsed into direct British-control.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)|Henry Lawrence]] took full charge of the absorbed territory in 1839.<ref name=":0" /> Ranjit Singh had claimed Lachhman Kaur to be his jagirdar of Ferozepur and thus lost Ferozepur to the British.<ref name=":3" /> Captain C. M. Wade suggested that the British Residency be moved from Ludhiana to Ferozepur to better surveil the Sikh Empire but this was ultimately decided against in-order to not overly antagonize the Lahore State.<ref name=":3" />

== Legacy ==
The ''[[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhs]]'' of Lachhman Kaur and Dhanna Singh are located on the side of the ''Rani-ka-Taalab'', now a dry-tank.<ref name=":2" /> They are currently situated within the campus of a local educational institute.<ref name=":2" /> A [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishan]] and [[Shaivism|Shavist]] temple is located near the samadhs.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Photograph of a street-scene in Ferozepore, Punjab, 1856.jpg|thumb|Photograph of a street-scene in Ferozepore, Punjab, 1856. Possibly showing Delhi Gate within the city.]]
The settlement of Ferozepore used to have a city-wall with ten gates to protect it.<ref name=":2" /> However, currently only five of the ten gates of the former wall still exist, all of them in poor condition.<ref name=":2" /> The ten gates were:<ref name=":2" />

# Delhi Gate<ref name=":2" />
# Mori Gate<ref name=":2" />
# Baghdadi Gate (still extant)<ref name=":2" />
# Zira Gate<ref name=":2" />
# Makhu Gate (still extant)<ref name=":2" />
# Bansanwala Gate<ref name=":2" />
# Amritsari Gate (still extant)<ref name=":2" />
# Kasuri Gate (still extant)<ref name=":2" />
# Multani Gate (still extant)<ref name=":2" />
# Magzini Gate<ref name=":2" />

The historical [[Firozpur Fort|Ferozepore Fortress]] has recently been re-opened to the public after 200-years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Anirudh |date=2 June 2025 |title=Colonial-era Ferozepur Fort that Hitler envied for its ammo reserves opens to public after 200 years |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/colonial-era-ferozepur-fort-that-hitler-envied-for-its-ammo-reserves-opens-to-public-after-200-years/ |access-date=6 June 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2025 |title=Ferozepur Fort In Punjab Reopens To Public After 200 Years |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/News/ferozepur-fort-in-punjab-reopens-to-public-after-200-years |access-date=6 June 2025 |work=Outlook Traveller}}</ref>

== List of leaders ==

* Gurja (Gujar) Singh (1761–?)<ref name=":2" />
* Gurbakhsh Singh (? – 1792)<ref name=":2" />
* Dhanna Singh (1792–ca.1818–19)<ref name=":2" />
* Lachhman Kaur (ca.1818–19–1820) (1st)<ref name=":2" />
* Baghel Singh (1820–23)<ref name=":2" />
* Lachhman Kaur (1823–1835) (2nd)<ref name=":2" />

== Maps ==
<gallery>
File:Map of the general plan of the pargana of Firozpur, by William Brown, 1842 (F.5-9).jpg|Map of the general plan of the pargana of Firozpur, by William Brown, 1842
File:Map of the northwestern frontier of British India, exhibiting the country between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers, 1844.jpg|Map of the northwestern frontier of British India, exhibiting the country between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers, 1844. The former Ferozepore territory is now depicted under the direct control of the British after its annexation in 1835.
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Firozpur]]
[[Category:Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1835]]

Apne Paraye

2026-03-09T12:48:57Z

Greensobhacondo: improved citations as per guidelines and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Long plot|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Apne Paraye
| image =

| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Basu Chatterjee]]
| producer = [[Mushir Alam]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Basu Chatterjee
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|''Nishkriti''|[[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Amol Palekar]] [[Shabana Azmi]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography = [[K. K. Mahajan]]
| editing = V.N. Mayekar
| studio = M. R. Productions
| distributor = M. R. Productions
| released ={{Film date|df=y|1980|08|08}}
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Apne Paraye''''' ({{translation|Relatives and Others}}) is a 1980 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[Basu Chatterjee]] and produced by Mushir Alam. It stars [[Amol Palekar]] and [[Shabana Azmi]] in pivotal roles. It is based on the 1917 Bengali novel, ''Nishkriti'' by [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|author=Gulzar |authorlink=Gulzar |author2=Govind Nihalani |author3=Saibal Chatterjee |publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=81-7991-066-0 |page=337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC }}</ref>

Ashalata, who made her Hindi film debut with the film, was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=List of Filmfare Award Winners and Nominations, 1953-2005 |access-date=18 June 2012 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==

This is a tale of family dynamics of a joint family.

This is a story of two lawyer brothers Advocate and Harish, their cousin Chandranath (son of their father's brother), their wives and children. Siddheshwari, wife of the eldest brother has left the operational details of the household to Sheela, wife of the half-brother Chander. Chander is a happy go lucky musician, who fails in successive business ventures (like selling mustard oil. He lost Rs 8000 in selling rice and jute previously. He wants another rs 6000 for the mustard oil business). Sheela ensures that the household runs smoothly, while Siddheshwari is the fount of love and affection in the joint household.

Chander has kids Ramu, Pappu, Kanhaiya. Neela Siddheshwari's daughter and Mahendra plus Hari are her sons.

Harish and his spouse Naintara rejoin the household. Atul is their son. Naintara gets expensive clothes for Atul and expects Siddheshwari to pay for them. Naintara wants control over the house money, but the house keys have been entrusted to Sheela. Atul makes fun of the way Hari dresses and Sheela scolds him badly. Naintara is offended, but Siddheshwari won't say a word. Naintara complains to Siddheshwari that she will escalate the matter to Harish. Siddheshwari is alarmed and calls Sheela and scold her for her behavior. Sheela shows maturity, apologizes to Naintara and organizes a party for Atul.

But Atul is also offended that Sheela yelled at him and is no mood to compromise. Atul enters the kitchen with his shoes on and won't back down when Sheela asks him to get out. When Atul starts insulting Sheela, Mahendra intervenes, and a fight breaks out between Atul and Mahendra. Harish tries to intervene and tells Sheela to come to him if she has a problem with Atul. Siddheshwari shuts up Harish by saying that in that case, he should bring all complaints against Sheela to her. This is a women's matter and asks him to back down.

Naintara & Harish decide to leave the house, but Siddheshwari tells them to stay. Naintara says that Sheela has told all the kids to ignore Atul and that is unacceptable. Siddheshwari asks the kids, who tell her that until Atul apologizes to Sheela, they will ignore him. Siddheshwari is convinced at Naintara's allegations. When Siddheshwari confronts Sheela, she says Atul is a spoiled brat and she will not allow any kid of the house to be influenced by him. Siddheshwari speaks to Sheela alone, but she refuses to budge. Siddheshwari gets angry and says that she cannot ask her blood relation (Hairsh & Naintara) to leave the house for the fear of society opinion. Siddheshwari escalates the matter to Advocate and tells him that Chander needs to start earning his share around the house.

Due to this insult, Sheela stops speaking to Siddheshwari, but continues to perform all her duties around the house. Naintara sweet talks Siddheshwari and tries to take over the kitchen. She gets Siddheshwari to admit that they are blood relations and need to care for each other. Sheela is hurt even further. But even Siddheshwari knows that she is saying these things to make Naintara happy and doesn't really believe in them.

Advocate tries to handle the situation in his own way. He scolds Chander in front of Harish for being a failure at Mustard business but gives him Rs 10,000 more to start the sawdust business. But Harish tells Advocate that he should not destroy another Rs 10,000 on Chander as he doesn't know anything about business. Advocate is convinced and asks Chander to start teaching the kids as the teacher also charges Rs 50/month.

Despite the coldness, Siddheshwari pines for Sheela's care and warmth, which she never gets from Naintara. One day Harish brings Rs 500 from his work. Naintara gives this money to Siddheshwari and makes her point that Harish is contributing to the house, but Chander is not. Sheela is so hurt that she gives back the house keys to Siddheshwari. Siddheshwari is also hurt at Sheela throwing the keys at her and asks Sheela when she is leaving the house, and how much money she has stolen already. Sheela decides to leave the house and tells Chander that they will stay in the village house from now on. Siddheshwari believes that Sheela will not leave if she doesn't allow her to touch her feet, and shuts the door. Sheela pays her respects at the doorstep and leaves with her family.

Chander and Sheela reach the village house with their kids, where Manohar Lal (Manik Dutt) was the sole caretaker of the property. Manohar was in charge of growing crops on the family land, but he was selling a portion of the produce on the side and profiting personally from it, without declaring that income to the family.

To get rid of Chander, Manohar decides to stop sending money to Calcutta, and plans to create a hue and cry in front of Advocate that Chander has decided to take over the farms himself. Meanwhile Manohar asks Chander that the repair of the house is due and asks Chander to visit Advocate and ask for money. Advocate gives Rs 1000. Manohar now meets Harish and tells him that Chander has ordered not to send any money to Calcutta. Harish sends a letter to Chander to vacate the house. Chander and Sheela shift into a hut in front of the house but refuse to go back to Calcutta. Chander also decides not to use the farm income for home repairs. Chander and Sheela decide not to respond to Harish's letter. Harish takes this as a declaration of war and proceeds with a court case against Chander.

Harish even sends the police to search for stolen money in Chander's possession. Siddheshwari is alarmed at these allegations but backs off when even her husband calls Chander a thief. Meanwhile Manohar tells the village grocer to stop giving supplies to Chander on credit. Sheela starts selling her jewels to keep the house going. Siddheshwari is very close to Pappu and senses that he is not well. This is when Pappu is indeed very sick. She tells the advocate to go to the village and check on the family.

Advocate reaches the village and finds Pappu was indeed sick. He was not aware that Chander was fighting a case that Harish had started against him. He also finds that Chander and his family stay in a hut opposite the family house. He finds that Sheela has sold off all her jewels. Sheela breaks down saying that Chander always followed the orders given to him. He came to the village and stayed in the servant's quarters. He was accused of falsehoods and even a police search was conducted against him. He fired Manohar since he caught him stealing from the family farms and income. Advocate is heartbroken and transfers all the property to Sheela. As a result, Harish loses the case in court. Harish decides to go back to Patna with his family. Advocate brings Chander and his family back from the village. Siddheshwari thanks advocate for fixing her family. Advocate knew that Chander was depositing all the property income in advocate's bank account, and that Manohar was stealing from them, and Chander fired him.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0157320/plotsummary/ |title=Apne Paraye (1980) - Plot - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Amol Palekar]]...Chandranath
* [[Shabana Azmi]]...Sheila
* [[Girish Karnad]]...Harish
* [[Utpal Dutt]]...Advocate
* [[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]]...Sidheshwari
* [[Bharati Achrekar]]...Naintara
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]....Neela

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]], while lyrics were penned by [[Yogesh (lyricist)|Yogesh]].

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Kaise Din Jeevan Mein Aaye"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Gaao Mere Man, Chaahe Suraj Chamke Re"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Shyam Rang Ranga Re"
| K. J. Yesudas
|-
| "Halke Halke Aayi Chalke"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0157320}}

{{Basu Chatterjee}}

[[Category:1980 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1980 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by Basu Chatterjee]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:1980 drama films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

St. Augustine's School (Kalimpong)

2026-03-08T14:27:19Z

Greensobhacondo: started some bio initial version.

{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Augustine's School
| native_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| logo = St. Augustines School, Kalimpong (emblem).png
| logo_size = 100
| logo_alt =
| motto = "Per Ardua Ad Astra"
| motto_translation = "Through Hard Work to the Stars"
| address = 8th Mile, L.B. Road, Kalimpong Khasmahal
| city = Kalimpong
| district = [[Kalimpong]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 734301
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|27.0632819|N|88.4528913|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type =
| religious_affiliation =
| established = 1945
| founder =
| closed =
| school_board =
| oversight =
| principal = Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Victor George Fernandes
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender =
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language =
| campus_size =
| campus_type =
| colours = {{Color box|Blue}}{{Color box|Yellow}}
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = Council for the Indian School Certificate Education, New Delhi
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''St. Augustine's School''' is an Anglo-Indian School in the hill station town of [[Kalimpong]] in [[West Bengal]], India, established in 1945.

==About==
St. Augustine's is a minority Christian School established and administered by the Roman Catholic [[Diocese of Darjeeling]]. The school is under the religious jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic [[Bishop of Darjeeling]], who is also the President of the Governing Body. The school conducts classes from Lower Kindergarten to Class XII and is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Education in New Delhi. The school is recognized by the Department of Education of the [[Government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About St. Augustine's School|url=https://www.saskalimpong.com/aboutsas.htm}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==

* [[Adrian Pradhan]], lead vocalist of Nepalese rock band [[1974 AD]]
* [[Bipul Chettri]], Indian singer-songwriter
* [[Sonam Sherpa]], lead guitarist of Indian rock band [[Parikrama]].
* Members of Indian folk rock band [[Gauley Bhai]], viz. [[Veecheet Dhakal]], [[Anudwatt Dhakal]] and [[Siddhant Mani Chettri]]

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.saskalimpong.com/ St. Augustine's School Kalimpong official site]
{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Augustine's School}}
[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Private schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Kalimpong]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in British India]]

{{india-school-stub}}

Dheepam

2026-03-04T04:45:04Z

Greensobhacondo: added citations for clarity as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dheepam
| image = Dheepam poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. Vijayan]]
| writer = A. L. Narayanan (dialogues)
| story = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| producer = [[K. Balaji]]
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeetha]]
| cinematography = G. Or. Nathan
| editing = B. Kanthasamy
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Suresh Arts
| released = {{Film date|1977|01|26|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Dheepam''''' ({{Translation|Lamp}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, directed by [[K. Vijayan]] and produced by [[K. Balaji]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeetha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=181-190 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp19.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160804/http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp19.htm |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 |website=nadigarthilagam.com}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Theekkanal]]''. The film was released on 26 January 1977,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=2 June 2020 |title='இசை - இளையராஜா, உதவி - அமர்சிங்'; ரஜினிக்கு முந்திக்கொண்ட ராஜாவின் இசை; 'அந்தப்புரத்தில் ஒரு மகராணி'தான் சிவாஜிக்கு முதல் ஸ்பெஷல்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/557475-ilayaraaja-birthday.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705161941/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/557475-ilayaraaja-birthday.html |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Ta}}</ref> and ran for over 100 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2011 |title=சிவாஜp - பாலாஜp கூட்டணியில் உருவான காவியங்கள் |url=http://archives.thinakaran.lk/Vaaramanjari/2011/12/04/?fn=s11120416&p=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210612055106/http://archives.thinakaran.lk/Vaaramanjari/2011/12/04/?fn=s11120416&p=1 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=[[Thinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Somu and Kannan are brothers. During a small fight, Somu injures Kannan and believing him to be dead runs away from home. Somu is taken in Raja the elder, who adopts him as a son, also naming him Raja. The younger Raja becomes a smuggler. Before dying, the father hands over everything he has to Somu, now Raja, including his daughter Latha for him to take care her. However, due to their shady business, he is unable to find a groom for her.

Radha is Latha's friend and Raja is in love with her. She however shuns him for the same reason as others. They both meet Kannan and take a liking to him. Soon, Raja realises Kannan is his brother and showers love and riches on him. When he finds out Radha and Kannan are in love, he solemnises their marriage too. However, soon, Radha and Kannan start to suspect Raja's true intentions driving Kannan to drinking. Unable to declare the true relationship between Kannan and him as it would ruin the life of his sister who absolutely believes that he is everything in addition to him giving his word that he will never reveal that he is not her brother to their father, he takes on all the abuse. In the end, he kills himself to solve all problems asking Kannan to arrange for Latha's marriage.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Somu / Raja
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Radha
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Kannan
*[[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeetha]] as Latha
*[[K. Balaji]] as Photographer
*[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Kannan's mother (Guest Appearance)
*[[Sathyapriya]] as Asha
*[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Raja
*[[S. V. Subbaiah]] as Ramaiya
*[[S. V. Ramadas]] as Vasu
*[[Nagesh]] as Rahim Bai
*[[Suruli Rajan]] as karups
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Rama
*[[Sachu]] as Palakadu Bama
*[[Y. G. Mahendran]]
}}

==Production==
[[Devaraj–Mohan]] were originally chosen to direct the film but they left due to not liking the plot; hence Vijayan replaced them as director.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2023 |title=அண்ணன் ஒரு கோயிலாக தமிழில் வெளியான கன்னட கடவுளின் கண் |url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/annan-oru-koyil-movie-is-completed-46-years-today-released-on-10th-november-1977-1227226.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110062456/https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/annan-oru-koyil-movie-is-completed-46-years-today-released-on-10th-november-1977-1227226.html |archive-date=10 November 2023 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Pulamaipithan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1977 |title=Dheepam |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/dheepam/6UxhyQJgm7g_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928070720/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/dheepam/6UxhyQJgm7g_ |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dheepam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/dheepam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307114343/https://mossymart.com/product/dheepam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=Mossymart |language=en-US}}</ref> The song "Anthapurathil Oru" is set in [[Mayamalavagowla]] raga,{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=124}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=11 November 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey — The magic of Mayamalavagowla |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |access-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911095504/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019}}</ref> and "Poovizhi Vaasalil" is set in [[Yamunakalyani]].{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=155}} This film was to have been Ilaiyaraaja's debut before ''[[Annakili]]'' (1976) was released.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tom |date=18 January 2024 |title=இளையராஜாவோட முதல் படம் அன்னக்கிளி கிடையாது… அது ஒரு சிவாஜி கணேசன் படம்!.. என்னப்பா சொல்றீங்க!. |url=https://cinepettai.com/ilayaraja-first-movie-not-a-annakili/ |access-date=23 January 2024 |website=Cinepettai |language=Ta |archive-date=23 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123034804/https://cinepettai.com/ilayaraja-first-movie-not-a-annakili/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Poovizhi Vaasalil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki|Janaki]] || 04.32
|-
| "Anthapuratthil Oru" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. Janaki|Janaki]] || 04.13
|-
| "Pesaathe" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 04.03
|-
| "Raaja Yuva Raaja" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 04.27
|}

== Reception ==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of Ganesan and other actors and Vijayan's direction but felt the comedy sequences of Manorama were unnecessary.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=27 February 1977 |title=தீபம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1977/feb/27-02-1977/p23.jpg |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=Ta |page=23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728070824/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1977/feb/27-02-1977/p23.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0273529}}

{{K. Vijayan}}
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:1977 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Vijayan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pyasi Aatma

2026-03-03T23:41:49Z

Greensobhacondo: add intro per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pyasi Atma
| image = Pyasi Aatma.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[P Chandrakumar]]
| producer = Gautam Dhariwal
| writer =
| starring = Prithvi [[Shiva Rindani|Shiva]] [[Kishore Bhanushali]] [[Dinesh Hingoo]] [[Mithun Chakraborty]]
| music = Arvinder-Surender
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1998|12|18}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Pyasi Atma''''' is a 1998 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[horror film]] directed by [[P Chandrakumar]] and produced by Gautam Dhariwal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pyasi Aatma - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2490&__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_d7eda035b5c610f98abc388bb9d525af8e8ee5ad-1628843906-0-gqNtZGzNAiKjcnBszQg6|access-date=2021-08-13|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> starring Prithvi, [[Shiva Rindani|Shiva]], [[Kishore Bhanushali]], [[Dinesh Hingoo]] and [[Mithun Chakraborty]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=PYASI ATMA (1998)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8228e6af|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514162549/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8228e6af|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 May 2021|access-date=2021-08-13|website=BFI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-03|title=Pyasi Aatma 1998 Movie Box Office Collection, Budget and Unknown Facts 1990's Box Office Collection|url=https://ksboxoffice.com/pyasi-aatma-1998-movie-box-office-collection-budget-and-unknown-facts/1990s-box-office-collection/|access-date=2021-08-13|website=KS Box Office-US}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{No plot|date=December 2023}}

==Cast==
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]] ( Guest Appearance )
* [[Shiva Rindani]]
* Prithvi
* [[Kishore Bhanushali]]
* [[Dolly Bindra]]
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]]
* Jay Thakur

== Soundtrack ==
{{empty section|date=September 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2489240}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:Mithun's Dream Factory films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:1998 horror films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic horror films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Chandrakumar]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Bangaarada Panjara

2026-03-03T22:20:25Z

Greensobhacondo: minor update

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Bangaarada Panjara''
| image = Bangarapanjara.jpg
| alt = Yes
| caption =
| director = [[V. Somashekhar]]
| based_on = ''Ekta Jeev Sadashiv'' by [[Vasant Sabnis]]
| producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Raja Shankar]]|A. L. Balu}}
| screenplay = V. Somashekhar
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Dr. Rajkumar]]|[[Aarathi]]|[[Balakrishna (Kannada actor)|Balakrishna]]|[[K. S. Ashwath]]}}
| music = G. K. Raghu
| cinematography = {{unbulleted list|Annayya|Mallik}}
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio =
| distributor = Raja Productions
| released = {{Film date|1974|||df=yes}}
| runtime = 167 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Bangaarada Panjara''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಬಂಗಾರದ ಪಂಜರ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Golden Cage}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by debutant [[V. Somashekhar]] and co-produced by actor [[Raja Shankar]]. It starred [[Dr. Rajkumar]] in the lead role along with [[Aarathi]], [[K. S. Ashwath]], [[Pandari Bai]] and [[Lokanath]].<ref name="book 1">{{cite book|last1=staff|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135943189|pages=186|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="book 2">{{cite book|last1=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division|title=Mass Media in India|year=2000|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|pages=681|isbn=9788123008141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xPHZAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> The movie saw a theatrical run of 25 weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/all-time-blockbusters-posters-data.3742/page-9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173619/http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/all-time-blockbusters-posters-data.3742/page-9|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 November 2018|title = All-Time Blockbusters Posters & Data}}</ref>

The core plot of the movie is based on the [[Vasant Sabnis]]'s Marathi play ''Ekta Jeev Sadashiv'' which had earlier been adapted into a 1972 Marathi movie ''[[Ekta Jeev Sadashiv|of the same name]]'' starring [[Dada Kondke]]. The 2000 Hindi movie ''[[Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain]]'' is based on the Marathi movie and this movie. The movie was remade in Telugu in 1978 as ''Dudu Basavanna'' starring [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]] with [[Pandari Bai]] reprising her role.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=smCGskTW-ML3CCYX&v=j6fGvt1GZuA&feature=youtu.be | title=Do Do Basavanna | Telugu Full Movie | Chalam | Deepa | Anjali Devi | V9 Videos | website=[[YouTube]] | date=30 August 2018 }}</ref> This was actor Chalam's fourth remake of Rajkumar movie after ''[[Bhale Jodi (1970 film)|Bhale Jodi]]'', ''[[Mayor Muthanna]]'' and ''[[Sampathige Savaal]]''.

== Plot ==
Beera is an innocent, young shepherd who loves his parents Nanjamma and Junjappa. One day Janaki, a middle aged woman comes to Beera's village with her husband and brother. It is revealed that Janaki is the biological mother of Beera and that Nanjamma and Junjappa were childless, raised Beera like their own son. Janaki asks Nanjamma and Junjappa to hand over their son back to her. They reluctantly agree and Beera is forcefully taken to a sophisticated house in Bangalore where he has 2 elder brothers, sisters-in-law and a younger brother. Everything in the house is new to him including the sophisticated way of living, food, even household equipments. Many comical incidents take place when Beera begins to explore things in the new house and the city. He also discovers his brother's illegitimate affair with a woman. Beera undergoes emotional turmoil due to the contrast manners and way of dealing things in the city. Unable to tolerate this, he finally returns to his foster parents and marries Mallamma whom he liked in the village.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dr. Rajkumar]] as Beera
* [[Aarathi]] as Mallamma
* [[M. V. Rajamma]] as Nanjamma, Beera's Foster Mother
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Junjappa, Beera's Foster Father
* [[Pandari Bai]] as Janaki, Beera's Biological Mother
* [[Lokanath]]
* [[Balakrishna (Kannada actor)|Balakrishna]]
* [[Shivaram]]
* [[Shani Mahadevappa]]
* [[Vajramuni]]
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]]
* [[Shakti Prasad]]
* [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] as Reshma
* [[B. Jaya (actress)|B. Jaya]]
* [[Vaishali Kasaravalli]] as Pallavi
* [[Shylashri]] as Seema
* [[Raja Shankar]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music of the film was composed by G. K. Raghu with lyrics for the soundtrack written by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].

===Track list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Bittare Sigadone"
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 2
| "Kariya Kambali"
| P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
|-
| 3
| "Come And Meet Me"
| P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
|-
| 4
| "Suy Anno Gaali"
| P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
|-
| 5
| "Sloka"
| [[Dr. Rajkumar]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1407940}}

{{V. Somashekhar}}

[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:1974 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Somashekhar]]
[[Category:1974 comedy films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]

{{1970s-Kannada-film-stub}}

List of films banned in India

2026-02-28T00:29:09Z

Greensobhacondo: brief refine page after review and added references

{{Short description|none}}
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
This is a '''list of [[film]]s that have been or are banned in [[India]]'''. This list includes titles that were refused a rating by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) initially or permanently. The list also includes films whose release or production was or are blocked by the central or a state government, or by a legal institution. Also included are films that faced a virtual ban, after theatre owners were compelled to stop screening by non-government groups.

== Nationwide ==
:{{legend|#b6fcb6|size=50%|''Background shading indicates that the film was later allowed release in India, either in theatres or digitally.''}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Date
! Film
! Notes
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Summertime (1955 film)|Summertime]]''
| Banned due to its depiction of an American woman falling in love with a married Italian man.<ref>{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=Gene|year=2006|title=Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean|publisher=University of Kentucky Press|location=Lexington, Kentucky|isbn=978-0-813-17155-5|page=217}}</ref>
|-
| 1959
| ''[[Neel Akasher Neechey]]''
| It was banned for two months for overt controversies of sexual harassment overtones; it showed the troubles faced by an immigrant Chinese wage laborer in 1930s Calcutta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Cinema/Mrinal.html |title=Mrinal Sen |publisher=sscnet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208031623/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Cinema/Mrinal.html |archive-date=8 February 2012 |access-date=2010-02-23}}</ref>
|-
| 1963
| ''Gokul Shankar''
| It was banned for depicting the psychological motivations of [[Nathuram Godse]], the assassin of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="Roger2004">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUAVk84xBGUC&pg=PR10 |title=Charisma and Commitment in South Asian History: Essays Presented to Stanley Wolpert |last=Roger D. Long |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-250-2641-9 |page=10 |access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1973
|''[[Garam Hawa]]''
| The release was held up by the censors for 8 months. The film depicted a Muslim family during the [[partition of India]].<ref name="Daiya2011">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7a-FuiMcTYC&pg=PA138 |title=Violent Belongings: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India |last=Kavita Daiya |date=4 February 2011 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-59213-744-2 |page=138 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627193046/http://books.google.com/books?id=P7a-FuiMcTYC&pg=PA138 |archive-date=27 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1975
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Aandhi]]''
| It was banned during [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] by [[Indira Gandhi]] and subsequently released in 1977 after the [[Janata Party]] came into power.<ref name="yahoo-ref">{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/24fps/controversial-films-061836779.html?page=all |title=Ten most controversial films |last=Sinha |first=Sayoni |publisher=[[Yahoo]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209223544/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/24fps/controversial-films-061836779.html?page=all |archive-date=9 February 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Kissa Kursi Ka]]''
| A political spoof, the film was banned by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government for lampooning the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]].<ref name="Kissa1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ban-culture-goes-back-a-long-way/article4373077.ece |title=Ban culture goes back a long way |date=3 February 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601031820/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ban-culture-goes-back-a-long-way/article4373077.ece |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> The master prints and all copies was lifted from the Censor Board office and burned by [[Sanjay Gandhi]] supporters.<ref name="Kissa2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20091228-1978-kissa-kursi-ka-celluloid-chutzpah-741608-2009-12-23 |title=1978- Kissa Kursi Ka: Celluloid chutzpah |date=28 December 2009 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603011739/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/1978-+Kissa+Kursi+Ka:+Celluloid+chutzpah/1/76362.html |archive-date=3 June 2013}}</ref> The movie was later remade with a different cast.
|-
| 1971
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Sikkim (film)|Sikkim]]''
| The film was banned after Sikkim's merger in India in 1975, as it showed the [[Chogyal]]-ruled Sikkim as a sovereign state. The ban was lifted in September 2010.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11345987 |title=Ban on Satyajit Ray film lifted |date=17 September 2010 |access-date=20 June 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202064651/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11345987 |archive-date=2 December 2017 |publisher=BBC News, Calcutta}}</ref>
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Khaak Aur Khoon (film)|Khaak Aur Khoon]]''
| Film banned by India's CBFC. Based on the book ''[[Khaak aur Khoon]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salman |first1=Peerzada |title=OBITUARY: Veteran actor Abid Ali passes away |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1503814/obituary-veteran-actor-abid-ali-passes-away |website=DAWN.COM |accessdate=2 May 2020 |language=en |date=6 September 2019}}</ref> which was banned nationwide.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Priyanka |title=From Salman Rushdie to Dan Brown: A complete list of books that have been banned in India |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/salman-rushdie-dan-brown-complete-list-books-that-have-been-banned-india-1531361 |website=International Business Times UK |accessdate=2 May 2020 |language=en |date=1 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 1984
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]''
| It was banned temporarily for its "negative" depiction of [[Indian people|Indian]]s because of a scene, set in [[India]], where characters are served monkey brains. Monkeys are seen as sacred animals in [[Hinduism]]. The ban was later rescinded.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/11/1106_banned/source/7.htm |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |date=1 April 2007 |website=BusinessWeek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401050227/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/11/1106_banned/source/7.htm |archive-date=1 April 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 1987
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Pati Parmeshwar (film)|Pati Parmeshwar]]''
| It was denied a rating by the Censor for depicting a woman in "ignoble servility" of her husband. Later, the [[Bombay High Court]] allowed its release.<ref name="Gangoli2007">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SKkzbVsmGOQC&pg=PA77 |title=Indian Feminisms: Law, Patriarchies and Violence in India |last=Geetanjali Gangoli |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-9074-6 |page=77 |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mitter1991">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeeIimZ7LxAC&pg=PA66 |title=Dharma's Daughters: Contemporary Indian Women and Hindu Culture |last=Sara S. Mitter |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8135-1678-3 |page=66 |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
|1993
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Kuttrapathirikai]]''
|The film was completed in 1993. As it had [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s assassination as a backdrop, it was not released until 2007.<ref name="Rajiv1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/21/stories/2006112105420500.htm |title=High Court judges to see 'Kutrapathirikkai' |date=21 November 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004222750/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/21/stories/2006112105420500.htm |archive-date=4 October 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 1994
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Bandit Queen]]''
| It was banned temporarily by the [[Delhi High Court]] after [[Phoolan Devi]], the subject of the film's story, challenged its authenticity.<ref name="Roy2010">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKuohALLNgsC&pg=PA75 |title=Outlaw: India's Bandit Queen and Me |last=Roy Moxham |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=Ebury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4070-8013-0 |page=75 |access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1996
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love]]''
| It was banned due to sexual content.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/clamping-down-on-creativity/article17739798.ece |title=Clamping down on creativity |last=Chauhan |first=R. s |newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 March 2017 |via=www.thehindu.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206082912/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/clamping-down-on-creativity/article17739798.ece |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref> The version released in India had 2 minute cut of nudity.
|-
| 1996
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Fire (1996 film)|Fire]]''
| On its opening day in India, some film theatres were attacked by Hindu fundamentalists for depicting a [[lesbian]] relationship.<ref name="BBCFireAttacked">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/227273.stm |title=Hindu militants stage lesbian film attacks |date=3 December 1998 |work=BBC News |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130192008/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/227273.stm |archive-date=30 January 2014}}</ref> The film was withdrawn and sent back to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]].<ref name="BBCWithdrawFire">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/229320.stm |title=Film star slams lesbian movie withdrawal |date=7 December 1998 |work=BBC News |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130192013/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/229320.stm |archive-date=30 January 2014}}</ref> Later it was released uncut.<ref name="BCCFireUncut">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/279351.stm |title=India approves lesbian film |date=14 February 1999 |work=BBC News |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129063726/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/279351.stm |archive-date=29 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Paanch]]''
| It was banned for glorifying drugs, sex and violence, later certified with cuts but went unreleased.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?213038 |title=Rock 'N' Roll Banned |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=3 September 2001 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305110250/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?213038 |archive-date=5 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Hawayein (2003 film)|Hawayein]]''
| The film, set against the backdrop of the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]], is banned in the Indian states of Delhi, J&K, Haryana and Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/03/sep/03hawayein.asp |title=Hawayein faces government hurdles |access-date=9 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154945/http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/03/sep/03hawayein.asp |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| ''[[The Pink Mirror]]''
| The film was denied a rating for its homosexual content.<ref name="pink1">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3689509.stm |title=UK premiere for Indian drag film |last=Smith |first=Neil |date=6 May 2004 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=7 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3689509.stm |archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Final Solution (2003 film)|Final Solution]]''
| The documentary film was banned by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]] for being provocative and under concerns that it may trigger communal violence.<ref name="FinalSolution">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3542340.stm |title=India bans religious riot movie |date=6 August 2004 |work=BBC News |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920234437/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3542340.stm |archive-date=20 September 2013}}</ref> It was based on the [[2002 Gujarat violence]]. But, it was cleared after some months.<ref name="FinalSolution2">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-10-15/india/27152434_1_anupam-kher-i-b-ministry-documentary-on-gujarat-riots |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084341/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-10-15/india/27152434_1_anupam-kher-i-b-ministry-documentary-on-gujarat-riots |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Kher didn't block 'Final Solution', he helped pass it |date=11 October 2004 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Hava Aney Dey]]''
| The movie was not approved by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]] because the director didn't accept the suggested 21 cuts.<ref name="Hava">{{Cite web |url=http://dearcinema.com/article/hava-aney-dey-a-chance-lost-to-censor/5143 |title=Hava Aney Dey: a chance lost to censor |last=Dutta |first=Nandita |publisher=Dear Cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915233753/http://dearcinema.com/article/hava-aney-dey-a-chance-lost-to-censor/5143 |archive-date=15 September 2013 |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Black Friday (2004 film)|Black Friday]]''
| The movie was based on the [[1993 Bombay bombings]]. The release was blocked until the verdict of the lawsuit by the [[Bombay High Court]] on the petition of the under-trials.<ref name="Black2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/14330.html |title=High court stay on 'Black Friday' upheld |date=21 April 2005 |work=IndiaGlitz |access-date=6 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022134309/http://indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/14330.html |archive-date=22 October 2007}}</ref> The film was originally set to be released in India on 28 January 2005.<ref name="Black1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/producers-of-black-friday-move-supreme-court-news-bollywood-kkfv91ajiia.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084336/http://www.sify.com/movies/producers-of-black-friday-move-supreme-court-news-bollywood-kkfv91ajiia.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Producers of 'Black Friday' move Supreme Court |date=28 January 2005 |work=Sify.com |access-date=5 August 2013 }}</ref> The producers appealed in the Supreme Court but the High Court order was upheld. The movie finally saw its release on 9 February 2007.<ref name="BlackRelease">{{Cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/black-friday-hits-theatres-today/top/32181-8.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084350/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/black-friday-hits-theatres-today/top/32181-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Finally, Black Friday gets go ahead |date=18 June 2007 |work=IBNLive |access-date=5 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Amu (film)|Amu]]''
| This movie, based on the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]], was initially denied a rating. The film was later given an adult rating after some audio-cuts.<ref name="Amu1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/10amu.htm |title=If Fahrenheit 9/11 can, so can Amu |date=10 January 2005 |work=[[Rediff]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916205748/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/10amu.htm |archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Amu2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2204/stories/20050225001608900.htm |title=The horrors of the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 are revisited in two recent feature films with pertinent questions about identities and memories. |date=25 February 2005 |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="ShonaliBose">{{Cite news |url=http://bollyspice.com/5774/it-is-preposterous-that-our-films-should-be-censored-shonali-bose |title="It is preposterous that our films should be censored!" – Shonali Bose |date=19 October 2008 |work=Bollyspice |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091231/http://bollyspice.com/5774/it-is-preposterous-that-our-films-should-be-censored-shonali-bose |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]''
| The movie faced opposition during its shooting from hardline Hindu organizations in [[Varanasi]]. The sets were destroyed.<ref name="Water2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/01/stories/01010002.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084259/http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/01/stories/01010002.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Deepa Mehta to seek Centre's intervention |date=1 February 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> The Uttar Pradesh government decided to stop the shooting on 31 January 2000.<ref name="Water1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/31up.htm |title=UP government decides not to allow shooting of Water |date=31 January 2000 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090251/http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/31up.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The shooting was shifted to Sri Lanka later. The movie was released in India much later, in March 2007.
|-
| 2009
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''Had Anhad''
| The Central Board of Film Certification refused a certificate to this [[Shabnam Virmani]] documentary without cuts. In 2011, Delhi High Court allowed the film to be released uncut and asked the Union of India to pay {{currency|10000|inr}} to the petitioner as legal fees.<ref name="kabir">{{Cite news |url=https://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/court-paves-way-release-documentary-kabir-20110309-073902-100.html |title=Court paves way for release of documentary on Kabir |date=9 March 2011 |work=[[Yahoo.com]] |access-date=23 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524031458/https://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/court-paves-way-release-documentary-kabir-20110309-073902-100.html |archive-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Gandu (film)|Gandu]]''
|The film was banned in India due to explicit sexual scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/bollywood-welcomes-censor-boards-decision-to-withdraw-cuss-words-list-1203240 |title=Bollywood Welcomes Censor Boards Decision to Withdraw Cuss Words List – NDTV Movies |date=2015-08-03 |website=Movies.ndtv.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208210525/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/bollywood-welcomes-censor-boards-decision-to-withdraw-cuss-words-list-1203240 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=2016-01-11}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)|The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo]]''
| It was banned for its scenes of rape and torture. The Central Board of Film Certification demanded that these scenes be cut, which the director [[David Fincher]] refused to do.<ref name="dragon tattoo">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS122486517520120129 |title=India Bans 'Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' |date=29 January 2012 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302235031/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/29/idUS122486517520120129 |archive-date=2 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Chatrak]]''
| The movie wasn't allowed a theatrical release due to its sexual content.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/13-indian-films-that-have-made-us-proud-and-wowed-audiences-at-international-film-festivals-232833.html |title=13 Indian Films That Have Made Us Proud At International Film Festivals! |website=indiatimes.com |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021210403/http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/13-indian-films-that-have-made-us-proud-and-wowed-audiences-at-international-film-festivals-232833.html |archive-date=21 October 2015 |access-date=2015-12-08}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Papilio Buddha (film)|Papilio Buddha]]''
| Initially banned due to its criticism of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], its released was allowed after the anti-Gandhi speeches were muted and/or blurred.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://berlinfilmjournal.com/2014/09/controversial-cinema-top-10-banned-films/ |title=Controversial Cinema: Top 10 Banned Films |last=Beaney |first=Harriet |publisher=Berlin Film Journal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125150859/http://berlinfilmjournal.com/2014/09/controversial-cinema-top-10-banned-films/ |archive-date=25 January 2016 |access-date=2016-01-11 }}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Gurjar Aandolan''
| This film was banned by Rajasthan Government after the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (Rajasthan Government) watched this movie in Laxmi Talkies, Jaipur, on the day of its release on 17 October 2014. This film was based on [[Gurjar agitation in Rajasthan]] in 2008 by the [[Gurjar]] Leader Colonel [[Kirori Singh Bainsla]]. Many newspapers and media reported this ban on 17 and 18 October 2014.
|-
| 2014
| ''[[No Fire Zone]]''
| The [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] documentary was not allowed for public screening by the Censor Board because it depicted the war crimes covered up by the Government of [[Sri Lanka]] and showed the real sufferings of Tamils whom Indian Government felt resentful for. Director [[Callum Macrae]] decided to release the film on the internet to circumvent the ban.<ref name="no_fire_zone">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/worldcinema/film-on-sri-lankan-war-banned-in-india/article1-1187291.aspx |title=Film on Sri Lankan war banned in India |date=23 February 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223214811/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/worldcinema/film-on-sri-lankan-war-banned-in-india/article1-1187291.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Kaum De Heere]]''
| The film was banned by the central government after the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] had warned that the film may cause communal tensions. The film glorified the assassins of former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref name="KaumDeHeere">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Centre-blocks-release-of-controversial-film-on-Indira-Gandhis-assassins-Kaum-de-Heere/articleshow/40606687.cms |title=Centre blocks release of controversial film on Indira Gandhi's assassins 'Kaum de Heere' |date=21 August 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121153206/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Centre-blocks-release-of-controversial-film-on-Indira-Gandhis-assassins-Kaum-de-Heere/articleshow/40606687.cms |archive-date=21 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Fifty Shades of Grey (film)|Fifty Shades of Grey]]''
| The film was not given a rating by the Censor Board, even after voluntary cuts by the distributor.<ref name="ShadesofGrey">{{Cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/film-fiftyshades-india-idINKBN0M01TV20150304?irpc=932 |title=India's censor blocks 'Fifty Shades of Grey' from cinemas |date=4 March 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307142348/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/03/04/film-fiftyshades-india-idINKBN0M01TV20150304?irpc=932 |archive-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''Main Hoon Rajinikanth''
| Notable south Indian actor [[Rajinikanth]] moved the Madras High Court to stop the release of this film stating that it violated his [[personality rights]]. A stay was granted, and the makers of the movie were directed to not use the superstar's name, image or likeness.<ref name="Rajni">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Superstar-Rajinikanth-moves-Madras-high-court-to-stop-release-of-Bollywood-movie-named-after-him/articleshow/42702543.cms |title=Superstar Rajinikanth moves Madras high court to stop release of Bollywood movie named after him |date=17 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927213222/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Superstar-Rajinikanth-moves-Madras-high-court-to-stop-release-of-Bollywood-movie-named-after-him/articleshow/42702543.cms |archive-date=27 September 2014}}</ref> The director [[Faisal Saif]] later said he had shown the film to the actor and his lawyers to assure them. The film's title was later changed to ''[[Main Hoon Part-Time Killer]]''.<ref name="NameChangeRajni">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/faisal-saif-changes-title-of-main-hoon-rajinikanth-film/ |title=Faisal Saif changes title of 'Main Hoon Rajinikanth' film |date=14 October 2014 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=6 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108194124/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/faisal-saif-changes-title-of-main-hoon-rajinikanth-film/ |archive-date=8 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Unfreedom]]''
| The film was denied a rating by the Censor Board. The film examined same sex relationships and religious fundamentalism in India. The director [[Raj Amit Kumar]] was told by the Board that film will cause clashes between Hindus and Muslims, and will provoke "unnatural passions".<ref name="Unfreedom">{{Cite news |url=http://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2015/02/11/banned-india-unfreedom-raj-amit-kumar-released-us-theaters/ |title=Banned in India, 'Unfreedom' by Raj Amit Kumar to be released in US theaters |date=11 February 2015 |work=The American Bazaar |access-date=28 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125138/http://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2015/02/11/banned-india-unfreedom-raj-amit-kumar-released-us-theaters/ |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="IgniteUnnatural">{{Cite news |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Board-bans-film-on-gays-claims-itll-ignite-unnatural-passion/articleshow/46720831.cms |title=Board bans film on gays, claims it'll ignite 'unnatural passion' |date=28 March 2015 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |access-date=28 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329123809/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Board-bans-film-on-gays-claims-itll-ignite-unnatural-passion/articleshow/46720831.cms |archive-date=29 March 2015}}</ref> The film's streaming was later allowed through [[Netflix]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/banned-by-cbfc-unfreedom-is-now-available-on-netflix-in-india/story-H1y2gTwLtTVMgYEukqVaSJ.html |title=Banned by CBFC, Unfreedom is now available in Netflix in India |website=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092422/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/banned-by-cbfc-unfreedom-is-now-available-on-netflix-in-india/story-H1y2gTwLtTVMgYEukqVaSJ.html |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2015
| ''[[India's Daughter]]''
| This television [[documentary]] about the [[2012 Delhi gang rape]] was prevented from being broadcast by a stay order from a court,<ref name="influencejudges">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dec-16-documentary-media-trials-tend-to-influence-judges-says-hc/article1-1325487.aspx |title=Dec 16 documentary: Media trials tend to influence judges, says HC |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325053427/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dec-16-documentary-media-trials-tend-to-influence-judges-says-hc/article1-1325487.aspx |archive-date=25 March 2015 |quote=Delhi Police approached a lower court last week to prevent the broadcast on International Women’s Day.}}</ref> due to perceived negative public sentiment<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/banning-indias-daughters/532048-3.html |title=Banning India's daughters |last=Vohra, Anchal |date=4 March 2015 |website=[[IBNLive]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306131724/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/banning-indias-daughters/532048-3.html |archive-date=6 March 2015 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=TriedToSupress /> including remarks defending the rape<ref name="TriedToSupress">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/indias-daughter-how-india-tried-to-suppress-the-bbc-delhi-gangrape-documentary-10088890.html |title=India's Daughter: How India tried to suppress the BBC Delhi gang-rape documentary |last=Withnall, Adam |date=5 March 2015 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307065348/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/indias-daughter-how-india-tried-to-suppress-the-bbc-delhi-gangrape-documentary-10088890.html |archive-date=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/05/delhi-gang-rape-documentary-airs-early-on-bbc-following-objections |title=Delhi gang-rape documentary airs early on BBC following objections |last=Rawlinson, Kevin |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307040959/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/05/delhi-gang-rape-documentary-airs-early-on-bbc-following-objections |archive-date=7 March 2015 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> which drew public outcry in India when the film was shown.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/indias-daughter-bbc-four-documentary-provokes-outrage-on-twitter-10086622.html |title=India's Daughter: BBC Four documentary provokes outrage on Twitter |last=Gander, Kashmira |date=4 March 2015 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306023217/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/indias-daughter-bbc-four-documentary-provokes-outrage-on-twitter-10086622.html |archive-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> The movie was uploaded to [[YouTube]] and the Indian government requested it be removed.<ref name="thehindubusinessline">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/indias-daughter-govt-asks-youtube-to-remove-bbc-documentary/article6962818.ece |title=India's Daughter: Govt asks YouTube to remove BBC documentary |date=5 March 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |agency=PTI}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''Patta Patta Singhan Da Vairi''
| The movie was initially denied clearance by [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]], but was later cleared by the Film Certificate Appellate Tribunal (FCAT).<ref name="Patta-SSN">{{Cite news |url=http://sikhsiyasat.net/2015/04/18/patta-patta-singhan-da-vairi-revolves-around-police-atrocities-of-post-1984-period-in-punjab-review/ |title=Patta-Patta Singhan Da Vairi revolves around police atrocities of post-1984 period in Punjab |date=18 April 2015 |work=Sikh Siyasat News |access-date=8 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420184140/http://sikhsiyasat.net/2015/04/18/patta-patta-singhan-da-vairi-revolves-around-police-atrocities-of-post-1984-period-in-punjab-review/ |archive-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Porkalathil Oru Poo]]''
|The movie is about the real life of [[Isaipriya]], a television journalist raped and murdered by members of the Sri Lankan Army during the [[War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war|final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War]]. It was denied clearance by CBFC as it would damage India-Sri Lanka relations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cpj.org/2015/06/india-denies-public-exhibition-of-film-on-life-of-/ | title=India denies public exhibition of film on life of Tamil journalist Shoba |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists | date=4 June 2015 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/no-censor-certificate-for-tamil-film-on-lankan-tv-journalist/story-EZJOMq9NoBbqz3hWZIHwuK.html | title=No censor certificate for Tamil film on Lankan TV journalist | publisher=Hindustan Times | work=Gautaman Bhaskaran | date=26 May 2015 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[The Mastermind Jinda Sukha]]''
| The film was cleared by the CBFC but banned by the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]. The film is based on the lives of the assassins of General [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya]]. The makers of the film decided to release it overseas.<ref name="ReleaseAbroad-HT">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/jinda-sukha-banned-in-india-film-makers-to-release-it-abroad/story-8RXZyW7LBlhWsxhnUzMblL.html |title='Jinda-Sukha' banned in India, film makers to release it abroad |date=13 September 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=8 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307132119/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/jinda-sukha-banned-in-india-film-makers-to-release-it-abroad/story-8RXZyW7LBlhWsxhnUzMblL.html |archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[The Painted House]]''
| The CBFC denied a rating to film for containing severe nudity. There were three scenes where the breasts and the buttocks of the female lead were fully visible while being nude. They suggested that those three scenes should be blurred or deleted. The filmmakers remained firm on their decision of not doing so and the film was banned. However the filmmakers challenged this decision in the High Court where they eventually won the case. The court then reversed the ban and gave clearance to the film and it was released without any cuts with an 'A' certificate.<ref name="DepictingNudity-TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31811&articlexml=Film-denied-certificate-for-depicting-nudity-25082015004061 |title=Film denied certificate for depicting nudity |date=25 August 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006162408/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31811&articlexml=Film-denied-certificate-for-depicting-nudity-25082015004061 |archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Muttrupulliyaa]]''
| The film, based on the aftermath of the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]], was in banned in India by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] as it would damage Indo-Sri Lanka relations though the film was screened in Sri Lanka itself. The ban was later lifted by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Film Certification Appellate Tribunal]]. However, the filmmaker had to morph the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] flags, cut out photographs of its slain leaders and state that the film was a work of fiction inspired by real events.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/indian-censors-more-worried-about-sri-lankan-film-than-lanka-s-own/story-YSWiDdnH1VVOztCp0jErQM.html | title=Indian censors more worried about Sri Lankan film than Lanka's own! | publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] | work=Avantika Mehta | date=8 March 2016 | accessdate=28 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/interview/militarisation-is-still-a-problem-in-tamil-areas-in-lanka/20160525.htm | title= Militarisation is a problem in the Tamil areas in Lanka' My film depicts the struggle for dignity by Tamils in Sri Lanka' | publisher=[[Rediff]] | date=25 May 2016 | accessdate=28 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2016
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[An Insignificant Man]]''
| The CBFC initially denied a rating to this documentary.<ref name="Keriwal">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/makers-of-arvind-kejriwal-documentary-slam-nihalani-say-they-ll-not-ask-pm-for-noc/story-b5D2wVgUqN4hgYLYsmpvqI.html|title=Makers of Kejriwal documentary slam Pahlaj Nihalani, say they’ll not ask PM for NOC|date=11 July 2017|newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The film was later allowed to be released.<ref name="NoNOC">{{cite news|title=No NoC from PM Narendra Modi for Arvind Kejriwal’s documentary, rules FCAT|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/no-noc-from-pm-narendra-modi-for-arvind-kejriwals-documentary-rules-fcat/articleshow/60153585.html|date=21 August 2017|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Mohalla Assi]]''
| The CBFC denied a rating to the film. The film deals with the commercialisation of the pilgrimage city [[Varanasi]].<ref name="Sunny-Starrer">{{Cite news |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Censors-refuses-certificate-to-Sunny-starrer/articleshow/51736224.cms |title=Censors refuses certificate to Sunny starrer |date=8 April 2016 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |access-date=8 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414120035/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Censors-refuses-certificate-to-Sunny-starrer/articleshow/51736224.cms |archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> On 11 December 2017, Delhi High Court allowed the release of the film with one cut and adult certification, setting aside the order of CBFC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barandbench.com/delhi-hc-allows-mohalla-assi-release/ |title=Delhi HC allows release of film Mohalla Assi with Adult Certificate {{!}} Bar & Bench |website=Bar & Bench |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Dharam Yudh Morcha (film)|Dharam Yudh Morcha]]''
| This movie is related to [[Punjabi Suba movement]] and a period of militancy. Indian release of the film banned by the CBFC.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab movie 'Dharam Yudh morcha' banned in India |url=https://dailypost.in/news/entertainment/pollywood/punjab-movie-dharam-yudh-morcha-banned-in-india/ |website=Daily Post |accessdate=2 May 2020 |date=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amar Ujala |first1=Chandigarh |title=माइकल मिश्रा के बाद अब इस मूवी पर विवाद, भड़के एक्टर और प्रोड्यूसर |url=https://www.amarujala.com/chandigarh/punjabi-movie-dharam-yudh-morcha-banned-by-censor-board-producer-will-appeal-in-court |website=Amar Ujala |accessdate=2 May 2020|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Neelam (film)|Neelam]]''
|The film, based on the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] and the rise of the Tamil Groups including the [[LTTE]], ran into trouble with the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] with the board refusing to certify the movie as it would damage India-Sri Lanka relationship.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/28/tamil-film-neelam-on-sri-lankan-civil-war-denied-certification-1685292.html | title=Tamil film 'Neelam' on Sri Lankan civil war denied certification | publisher=The New Indian Express | date=28 October 2017 | accessdate=6 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Toofan Singh (film)|Toofan Singh]]''
| The CFBC banned this movie about [[Khalistan Liberation Force]] member [[Toofan Singh]] in 2016. The movie was released internationally in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prasoon-joshi-bans-toofan-singh-heres-all-you-need-know-about-controversial-punjabi-movie-739564|title=Prasoon Joshi bans Toofan Singh: Here's all you need to know about the controversial Punjabi movie|first=Dishya|last=Sharma|date=24 August 2017|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Anthem for Kashmir''
|This short film on human rights abuses in Kashmir was blocked for viewership in India on YouTube by the Government of India through a notice from the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (MEITY).<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Short Film and Protest Song to Bring Out the Everyday Violence in Kashmir |url=https://thewire.in/culture/anthem-for-kashmir-short-film |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP accuses BBC of 'visceral political hatred' for Modi as documentary fallout spirals |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/bjp-accuses-BBC-political-hatred-modi-fallout-documentary-gujarat-Muslims |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> No reason was cited in this Ministry notice for the censorship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Bhargavi |date=2022-09-01 |title=Ban on Short Film 'Anthem for Kashmir' is Indian Government's Attempt to Cover Up Real Picture, Says Filmmaker |url=https://americankahani.com/business/ban-on-short-film-anthem-for-kashmir-is-indian-governments-attempt-to-cover-up-real-picture-says-filmmaker/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=American Kahani |language=en-US}}</ref> The film is available to watch on YouTube using a VPN in India and without a VPN outside India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karunakaran |first=Binu |date=2022-07-12 |title='Comical How Deep The Insecurity Runs': Director on YouTube Restricting His Film |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/south-cinema/director-sandeep-ravindranath-speaks-on-anthem-for-kashmir-geo-blocked-in-india-on-goverment-complaint |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[India: The Modi Question]]''
|This BBC documentary examining the role of the Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] in the [[2002 Gujarat riots|Gujarat riots of 2002]] was blocked by the Government of India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=2023-01-23 |title=India invokes emergency laws to ban BBC Modi documentary |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/23/india-emergency-laws-to-ban-bbc-narendra-modi-documentary |access-date=2023-03-30 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Santosh (2024 film)|Santosh]]''
|The internationally acclaimed ''Santosh'' has been denied certification for theatrical release in India after the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) objected to its portrayal of police brutality, caste discrimination, and misogyny.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-26 |title='Santosh', UK's official Oscar entry, blocked by CBFC for Indian theatrical release |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/santosh-censor-board-cbfc-indian-theatrical-release-sandhya-suri-shahana-goswami/article69376690.ece |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Maharaj (film)|Maharaj]]''
| The Gujarat High Court stayed the release of this [[Netflix]] film in India after accepting a petition. The petition filed by the [[Pushtimarga Sampradaya]] claimed that the film hurt their religious sentiments.<ref name="Maharaj1">{{cite news|title=YRF Entertainment's 'Maharaj' did not premiere on Netflix after Gujarat High Court stays release|date=14 June 2024|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/yrf-entertainment-maharaj-did-not-premiere-on-netflix-after-gujarat-high-court-stays-release/cid/2026972|newspaper=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> The Court later allowed the film to be released.<ref name="Maharaj2">{{cite news|title=Gujarat High Court lifts stay on release of 'Maharaj,' debut film of Aamir Khan's son|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarat-high-court-lifts-stay-on-release-of-maharaj-debut-film-of-aamir-khans-son/cid/2028740|date=21 June 2024|newspaper=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Shaadi Ke Director Karan Aur Johar''
|The film was banned by [[Bombay High Court]] for allegedly misusing Hindi filmmaker [[Karan Johar]]'s name.<ref>{{Cite news| last=Nagari | first=Akhilesh |date=2025-03-08 | title=Bombay High Court blocks release of 'Shaadi Ke Director Karan Aur Johar'| language=en-IN | work=India Today| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/bombay-high-court-blocks-release-of-shaadi-ke-director-karan-aur-johar-2690645-2025-03-08| access-date=2025-03-08}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Abir Gulaal]]''
|Following [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam terror attack in April 2025]], which resulted in significant casualties, the film's release faced substantial opposition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-24 |title=Fawad Khan, Vaani Kapoor condemn Pahalgam terror attack; FWICE declares they won't let Abir Gulaal release in India: 'Blanket boycott on all Pak artistes' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/fawad-khan-vaani-kapoor-condemn-pahalgam-terror-attack-fwice-stops-abir-gulaal-release-blanket-boycott-9962257/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Government of India|Indian government]] sources confirmed that the movie would not be allowed to release in India due to heightened [[2025 India–Pakistan diplomatic crisis|political tensions between Pakistan and India]] and calls for a ban on Pakistani artists in Indian cinema. [[Vaani Kapoor]] faced backlash for working with Pakistani actor [[Fawad Khan]] in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pak Actor Fawad Khan's Film 'Abir Gulaal' Won't Release In India: Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pak-actor-fawad-khans-film-abir-gulaal-wont-release-in-india-sources-8243829 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Sardaar Ji 3]]''
|Following a [[Pahalgam attack|terror attack in Pahalgam]] that worsened [[India–Pakistan relations]], ''Sardaar Ji 3'' was banned in India. [[Federation of Western India Cine Employees]] (FWICE) demanded a ban on Pakistani artists appearing in Indian films. [[Diljit Dosanjh]] faced backlash for working with Pakistani actress [[Hania Aamir]] in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Nation First': Diljit Dosanjh TROLLED For Working With Pakistani Actor Hania Aamir In Sardaar Ji 3 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/nation-first-diljit-dosanjh-trolled-for-working-with-pakistani-actor-hania-aamir-in-sardaar-ji-3-ws-l-9398933.html |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Dosanjh’s release of a new poster of the film with Hania’s image further fueled debate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-23 |title=Diljit Dosanjh starrer Sardaar Ji 3 trailer out, features Pakistani actress Hania Aamir; skips India release amid controversy : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/diljit-dosanjh-starrer-sardaar-ji-3-trailer-features-pakistani-actress-hania-aamir-skips-india-release-amid-controversy/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Panjab '95]]''
|Movie was banned citing national security reasons. It was based upon human rights activist [[Jaswant Singh Khalra]] who identified 25,000 extra judicial killings and censor board demanded 127 cuts,
|}

== Regional ==

=== Greater India===
* 1921 – ''[[Bhakta Vidur]]'': Banned in Karachi and [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] for political reasons.<ref name="Woods2011">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw-2w-SpuZMC&pg=PA98 |title=Visions of Empire and Other Imaginings: Cinema, Ireland and India 1910–1962 |last=Jeannine Woods |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-03911-974-5 |page=98 |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004728/http://books.google.com/books?id=Jw-2w-SpuZMC&pg=PA98 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film came right after [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] and [[Rowlatt Act]]. The character [[Vidura]] was moulded upon the personality of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="Dwyer2006">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qjKJ0yk-gQC&pg=PA72 |title=Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema |last=Rachel Dwyer |date=30 August 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-08865-4 |pages=72– |access-date=18 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002325/http://books.google.com/books?id=8qjKJ0yk-gQC&pg=PA72 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1939 – ''[[Thyagabhoomi]]'': Banned in [[Madras Presidency|Madras]], 22 weeks after release for supporting [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and the [[Indian independence movement|Independence movement]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/03/21/stories/2008032150321600.htm |title=Blast from the past |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=2008-03-21 |access-date=2013-07-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108170427/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/03/21/stories/2008032150321600.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=8 November 2012}}</ref>

=== Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ===
* 2006 – ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'': It was banned after some Christians and Muslim organisations, who took offence, protested.<ref name="VinciAndhra">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/02/stories/2006060207640600.htm |title='The Da Vinci Code' banned in Andhra Pradesh |date=2 June 2006 |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422204751/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/02/stories/2006060207640600.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref> Later, the ban was lifted by the [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad|Andhra Pradesh High Court]].<ref name="VinciAndhraHC">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-22/hyderabad/27794062_1_quashes-film-expert-body |title=HC quashes ban on Da Vinci Code |date=22 June 2006 |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225165605/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-22/hyderabad/27794062_1_quashes-film-expert-body |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref>
* 2011 – ''[[Aarakshan]]'': It was banned on 11 August 2011 due to concerns that it may hurt weaker sections of the society.<ref name="APAar">{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1574946/report-now-andhra-pradesh-bans-aarakshan |title=Now, Andhra Pradesh bans Aarakshan |date=11 August 2011 |work=[[DNA India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> On 14 August 2011, the ban was revoked.<ref name="APAar2">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/india/29886448_1_aarakshan-ban-statewide-ban-prakash-jha-s-aarakshan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084312/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/india/29886448_1_aarakshan-ban-statewide-ban-prakash-jha-s-aarakshan |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=AP, Punjab lift Aarakshan ban |date=14 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2013 – ''[[Jabardasth (film)|Jabardasth]]'': It was banned in 2013 due to copyright infringement of [[Yash Raj Films|Yashraj Studios]]' movie ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Remake Of Band Baaja Baaraat Barred By High Court For Copyright Infringement|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/telugu-remake-of-band-baaja-baaraat-barred-by-high-court-for-copyright-infringement-2074086|access-date=2021-08-04|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

=== Assam ===
* 1952 – ''[[Runumi]]'': The film was suddenly banned by then [[Government of Assam]] headed by chief minister [[Bishnuram Medhi]] due to undisclosed reasons.<ref name="ab">{{Cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar1510/at09 |title=Lost treasure of Assamese cinema retrieved |last=Staff Reporter |date=14 March 2010 |publisher=The Assam Tribune |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304010531/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar1510%2Fat09 |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="cd">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/guwahati/Banned-in-1952-Assamese-film-pops-up-to-ask-questions/Article1-519190.aspx |title=Banned 1952, Assamese film pops up to ask question |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=15 March 2010 |publisher=Hinsustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325065100/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/guwahati/Banned-in-1952-Assamese-film-pops-up-to-ask-questions/Article1-519190.aspx |archive-date=25 March 2010 |access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="ef">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/15/stories/2010031556592200.htm |title=Film print returns to family after four decades |last=Talukdar |first=Sushanta |date=15 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323005358/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/15/stories/2010031556592200.htm |archive-date=23 March 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref>
* 2005 – ''[[Tango Charlie]]'': The film was allegedly poorly researched and defamed the [[Bodo people|Bodo]] community.<ref name="Tango">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/14152.html |title='Tango Charlie' banned in Assam |last=Zarir Hussain |first=Syed |website=IndiaGlitz |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621190718/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/14152.html |archive-date=21 June 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref>
* 2023 – ''[[Sri Raghupati]]'': The film was banned on 1 June 2023, a day before the release date, over allegations of breach of contract with former producer Suruj Sarma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/assam-court-bans-release-of-ravi-sarmas-movie-sri-raghupati|title=Assam: Court Stays Release of Ravi Sarma's Movie 'Sri Raghupati'|date=2023-06-01|access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref> The ban was lifted on 5 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/guwahati-high-court-permits-release-of-srirghupathi-today-lifts-ban-on-the-assamese-film-652368|title=Guwahati: High Court Permits Release of 'Raghupati' Today, Lifts Ban On The Assamese Film|date=2023-06-05|access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref>

=== Chhattisgarh ===
* 2015 – ''[[MSG-2 The Messenger]]'': The film was banned in [[Chhattisgarh]] for hurting sentiments of [[Adivasi]] community.<ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2015">{{Cite web|date=19 September 2015|title=MSG 2 banned in Chattisgarh; film refers to tribals as 'shaitan'|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/msg-2-banned-in-chattisgarh-film-refers-to-tribals-as-shaitan/article1-1391572.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921081201/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/msg-2-banned-in-chattisgarh-film-refers-to-tribals-as-shaitan/article1-1391572.aspx|archive-date=21 September 2015|access-date=19 September 2015|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref name="PTI 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Tribal-Activist-Moves-HC-to-Ban-MSG-2-The-Messenger/2015/09/18/article3034920.ece |title=Tribal Activist Moves HC to Ban 'MSG 2: The Messenger' |last=PTI |date=19 September 2015 |website=The New Indian Express |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001204929/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Tribal-Activist-Moves-HC-to-Ban-MSG-2-The-Messenger/2015/09/18/article3034920.ece |archive-date=1 October 2015 |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref>

=== Goa ===
* 2006 – ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'': It was banned considering "public sentiments" after protests by Christian organisations.<ref name="Goa1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM11/Goa-government-bans-Da-Vinci-Code/Article1-105881.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615180752/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM11/Goa-government-bans-Da-Vinci-Code/Article1-105881.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2013 |title=Goa government bans Da Vinci Code |date=5 June 2006 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Goa2">{{Cite news |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=68736 |title=Goa bans The Da Vinci Code |date=5 June 2006 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>

=== Gujarat ===
* 2005 – ''[[Chand Bhuj Gaya]]'': This film, which has the [[Godhra train burning]] as a backdrop, was not released in Gujarat.<ref name="Chand">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101570300.htm |title=Waiting for the moon |date=11 March 2005 |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616143053/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101570300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref>
* 2006 – ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'': It faced an unofficial ban due to the role of [[Aamir Khan]], the lead actor, in the [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/2380.cfm |title='Fanaa' a Hit Movie Despite Protests |last=Srinath |first=M.G. |website=Article on web |publisher=www.worldpress.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814075732/http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/2380.cfm |archive-date=14 August 2011 |access-date=12 August 2011}}</ref> Supreme Court of India directed that theatres wanting to screen the film should be provided police protection. But, most theatre owners decided not to screen it.<ref name="Fanaa">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-05/india/27823182_1_multiplex-owners-association-fanaa-anti-narmada |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084355/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-05/india/27823182_1_multiplex-owners-association-fanaa-anti-narmada |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Gujarat unwilling to screen 'Fanaa' |date=5 June 2006 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2007 – ''[[Parzania]]'': Parzania faced an unofficial ban after [[Bajrang Dal]] coaxed theatre owners to stop screening the film. Bajrang Dal activist [[Babu Bajrangi]], who was later incarcerated for murder, conspiracy and spreading hatred in [[Naroda Patiya massacre]] of Gujarat riots, had the opinion that it may disrupt communal harmony in the state.<ref name="Parzania">{{Cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/qotd--why-ban-parzania-in-guj/33112-8.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084411/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/qotd--why-ban-parzania-in-guj/33112-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Gujarat multiplexes give in to Bajrang Dal, will not screen riot-film Parzania |date=6 February 2007 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2009 – ''[[Firaaq]]'': Firaaq was allegedly not released by many theatres due to political pressure because it depicted the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]. But, theatre owners cited a revenue sharing dispute.<ref name="firaaq">{{Cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=656215 |title=Nandita Das 'Firaaq' Banned in Gujarat Multiplexes |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615180458/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=656215 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="firaaq2">{{Cite news |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/all-but-two-multiplex-groups-to-screen-firaaq-in-gujarat/436749/ |title=All but two multiplex groups to screen Firaaq in Gujarat |date=20 March 2009 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084320/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/all-but-two-multiplex-groups-to-screen-firaaq-in-gujarat/436749/ |archive-date=7 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2017 – ''[[Padmaavat]]'': Banned following controversies and threats of violence made by Rajput caste organization ''[[Shri Rajput Karni Sena]]''.<ref name="Padmaavat ban 2017">{{Cite web |url=https://in.yahoo.com/style/padmaavat-row-haryana-cm-announces-114318071.html |title=Padmaavat Row: Haryana CM announces a ban on the film |last=Kanabar |first=Nirali |publisher=Yahoo! Lifestyle |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref>

=== Haryana ===
* 2017 – ''[[Padmaavat]]'': Banned following controversies and threats of violence made by [[Rajput]] caste organization ''[[Karni Sena|Shri Rajput Karni Sena]]''.<ref name="Padmaavat ban 2017" />

=== Jharkhand ===
* 2015 – ''[[MSG-2 The Messenger]]'': Film was banned in [[Jharkhand]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jharkhand-bans-msg-2-the-messenger/ |title=Jharkhand bans 'MSG 2 – The Messenger' |last=India |date=19 September 2015 |website=The Indian Express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001071310/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jharkhand-bans-msg-2-the-messenger/ |archive-date=1 October 2015 |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> for hurting sentiments of [[Adivasi]] community (Tribal community).<ref name="PTI 2015" />

=== Kerala ===
* 2012 – ''Pithavinum Puthranum'': The film, originally completed in 2012, is awaiting approval from the Censor Board as of January 2015.<ref name="TwoYearsCensorBoard">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Two-years-on-Malayalam-film-awaits-Censor-Board-clearance/articleshow/45776647.cms |title=Two years on, Malayalam film awaits Censor Board clearance |date=6 January 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110062055/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Two-years-on-Malayalam-film-awaits-Censor-Board-clearance/articleshow/45776647.cms |archive-date=10 January 2015}}</ref> The film is reportedly based on a book by [[Sister Jesme]] and the [[Sister Abhaya murder case]].<ref name="Pithavinum">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/censors-refuse-to-give-the-nod-for-pithavinum-puthranum-news-malayalam-ngnlEIjgcibsi.html |title=Censors refuse to give the nod for 'Pithavinum Puthranum'! |date=13 June 2013 |work=[[Sify]] |access-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422141953/http://www.sify.com/movies/censors-refuse-to-give-the-nod-for-pithavinum-puthranum-news-malayalam-ngnlEIjgcibsi.html |archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref>
* 2013 – ''[[Papilio Buddha (film)|Papilio Buddha]]'': The Film was banned in India for its scenes of violence, and for its scathing critique of Gandhi's legacy. It is set among a community of Dalits, regarded as 'untouchables' in India, where they face caste oppression, discrimination and displacement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival gem: Papilio Buddha|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/festival-gem-papilio-buddha|access-date=2021-10-02|website=British Film Institute|date=19 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2015 – ''[[The Painted House|Chayam Poosiya Veedu]]'': The film was not given a certificate since there is a nude scene in it.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/directors-out-against-cbfc-directives/article7598642.ece |title=Directors out against CBFC directives |date=31 August 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 January 2015}}</ref>

=== Madhya Pradesh ===
* 2008 – ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'': The film was banned after protests from the [[Rajput]] community over [[Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani|Jodha Bai]]'s depiction as [[Akbar]]'s wife.<ref name="jodha">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/jodhaa-akbar-banned-in-madhya-pradesh-23047-2008-02-22 |title=Jodhaa-Akbar banned in Madhya Pradesh |date=22 February 2008 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121035458/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Jodhaa-Akbar+banned+in+Madhya+Pradesh/1/4902.html |archive-date=21 November 2011}}</ref> The Supreme Court later lifted the ban.<ref name="SCJodhaa">{{Cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/supreme-court-lifts-ban-on-jodhaa-akbar/280412/ |title=Supreme Court lifts ban on Jodhaa Akbar |date=4 March 2008 |work=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2015 – ''[[MSG-2 The Messenger]]'': The film was banned as it was an insult to [[Adivasi]]s (Tribals).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/msg-2-the-messenger-banned-in-madhya-pradesh/ |title='MSG-2 The Messenger' banned in Madhya Pradesh |last=India |date=26 September 2015 |website=The Indian Express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028143614/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/msg-2-the-messenger-banned-in-madhya-pradesh/ |archive-date=28 October 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="IBNLive 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/after-jharkhand-and-chattisgarh-madhya-pradesh-government-bans-msg-2-1112903.html |title=After Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh government bans 'MSG 2' |date=25 September 2015 |website=IBNLive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926102758/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/after-jharkhand-and-chattisgarh-madhya-pradesh-government-bans-msg-2-1112903.html |archive-date=26 September 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref>

=== Maharashtra ===
* 2008 – ''[[Deshdrohi]]'': The film was banned in November fearing breakdown of law and order in the state. The film depicted the [[2008 attacks on Uttar Pradeshi and Bihari migrants in Maharashtra|attacks against North Indians]] in the state.<ref name="desh1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/12film-deshdrohi-banned-in-maharashtra.htm |title=Maharashtra bans Deshdrohi |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Firdaus |publisher=[[Rediff]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065311/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/12film-deshdrohi-banned-in-maharashtra.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> The ban was lifted in January 2009 by the Bombay High Court.<ref name="desh2">{{Cite news |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/deshdrohi-ban-lifted/408977/ |title=Deshdrohi ban lifted |date=10 January 2009 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084359/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/deshdrohi-ban-lifted/408977/ |archive-date=7 August 2013}}</ref>

=== Nagaland ===
* 2006 – ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'': It was banned for portraying Jesus Christ and Christians in an 'objectionable' manner.<ref name="nagalandVinci">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/24da.htm |title=Nagaland bans Da Vinci Code |date=24 March 2006 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233808/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/24da.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Punjab ===
* 2003 – ''[[Hawayein (film)]]'': After release in theatres of Punjab the movie was taken out from theatres and eventually banned for depicting events of 1984 Sikh Genocide,Sikh militancy citing peace and order issues. Film was eventually banned in Punjab and Delhi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/qlaLeBCAgsfeK0H03UU50K/Films-banned-in-Punjab.html |title=Banned in Punjab|work=Mint |date=8 June 2016}}</ref>
* 2006 – ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'': Chief Minister [[Amarinder Singh]] banned the film after an appeal by [[Punjabi Christians|Punjabi Roman Catholic]] leaders.<ref name="punjabVinci">{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5017498.stm |title=India's northern Punjab state has banned the screening of the new Hollywood film The Da Vinci Code. |date=25 May 2006 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102014310/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5017498.stm |archive-date=2 November 2013}}</ref>
* 2011 – ''[[Aarakshan]]'': On 11 August 2011, the film about [[honor killings in India]] was banned for hurting the feelings of the weaker sections of the society.<ref name="punjabAar">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2346568.ece |title=Punjab bans 'Aarakshan' |date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> But the ban was lifted on 14 August 2011 after a preview screening.<ref name="PunjabLiftsBan">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Punjab-lifts-ban-on-Aarakshan/Article1-733307.aspx |title=Punjab lifts ban on Aarakshan |date=14 August 2011 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115821/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Punjab-lifts-ban-on-Aarakshan/Article1-733307.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
* 2013 – ''Oh My Pyo Ji'': The [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] stayed the release of the film on the request of a producer; the request stemmed from a dispute between the two producers of the film.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}
* 2013 – ''[[Sadda Haq (film)|Sadda Haq]]'': The film about the [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|insurgency in Punjab]] was banned in Punjab by the state government.<ref name="SaddaHaqBan">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/punjab-government-bans-controversial-film-sadda-haq-india-today-157814-2013-04-04 |title=Sadda Haq banned by Punjab government |date=5 April 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109073502/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/punjab-government-bans-controversial-film-sadda-haq-india-today/1/260747.html |archive-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> The ban was lifted by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] on 28 April 2013, after a special court screening.<ref name="SCSaddaHaq">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/SC-lifts-ban-on-Sadda-Haq/articleshow/19755210.cms |title=SC lifts ban on Sadda Haq |date=28 April 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* 2014 – ''[[Kaum De Heere]]'': A film based on [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi's assassins]] [[Satwant Singh]] and [[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]] was banned by Censor Board..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/centre-blocks-release-of-controversial-film-on-indira-gandhis-assassins-kaum-de-heere/articleshow/40606687.cms|title=Centre blocks release of controversial film on Indira Gandhi's assassins 'Kaum de Heere' |work=The Times of India |date=21 August 2014|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> Eventually the film was released through YouTube.
* 2014 - ''[[47 to 84]]:'' Film based on the insurgency in Punjab, India was banned. .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikh24.com/2014/03/12/indian-censor-board-bans-punjabi-movie-47-to-84-ek-peed/|title=Indian Censor Board Bans Punjabi Movie 47 To 84 Ek Peed|work=Sikh24|date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2014 - ''Dilli 1984'': Film based on the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]] was banned citing 'peace issues'.
* 2015 – ''[[The Mastermind Jinda Sukha]]'': A movie based on [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]] and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]] was banned following controversies. The movie was released abroad and later through YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/jinda-sukha-banned-in-india-film-makers-to-release-it-abroad/story-8RXZyW7LBlhWsxhnUzMblL.html|title=Jinda-Sukha' banned in India, film makers to release it abroad|work= Hindustan Times |date=September 2015|via=The Economic Times - Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* 2015 – ''[[MSG: The Messenger]]'': The Punjab government banned [[Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh]]'s film [[MSG: The Messenger]] in the state.<ref name="MSG-IE">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/messenger-of-god-controversy-tension-in-pockets-of-sirsa-section-144-imposed-at-places/ |title=Ram Rahim Singh's 'Messenger of God' screening banned in Punjab, section 144 imposed in Sirsa after protest |date=20 January 2015 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210094239/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/messenger-of-god-controversy-tension-in-pockets-of-sirsa-section-144-imposed-at-places/ |archive-date=10 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="MSG-TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Citing-central-advisory-Punjab-bans-Messenger-of-God-screening/articleshow/45924443.cms |title=Citing central advisory, Punjab bans 'Messenger of God' screening |date=17 January 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120175159/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Citing-central-advisory-Punjab-bans-Messenger-of-God-screening/articleshow/45924443.cms |archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="MSG-Zee">{{Cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/msg-banned-in-punjab-on-the-advisory-of-the-centre-parkash-singh-badal_1532857.html |title='MSG' banned in Punjab on the advisory of the Centre: Parkash Singh Badal |date=19 January 2015 |work=[[Zee News]] |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213946/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/msg-banned-in-punjab-on-the-advisory-of-the-centre-parkash-singh-badal_1532857.html |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
* 2015 – ''Blood Street'': The film depicts the religion-based (Hindu-Sikh) riots that took place in Punjab. It also highlights the brutality of the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] at the time. It was scheduled to release in 2014 but was banned by the CBFC. The release of the movie was allowed in the following year but only after the "problematic" parts were cut.
* 2015 – ''[[Nanak Shah Fakir]]'': In April 2015, Punjab government and Chandigarh administration suspended the screening of the film, which depicted [[Guru Nanak]], for two months (see [[Aniconism|aniconism in Sikhism]]).<ref name="Fakir-HT">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjab-government-suspends-screening-of-controversial-film-nanak-shah-fakir/article1-1337464.aspx |title=Punjab govt suspends screening of controversial film Nanak Shah Fakir for two months |date=16 April 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811230348/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjab-government-suspends-screening-of-controversial-film-nanak-shah-fakir/article1-1337464.aspx |archive-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Fakir-BS">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chandigarh-administration-bans-nanak-shah-fakir-115041700568_1.html |title=Chandigarh administration bans 'Nanak Shah Fakir' |date=17 April 2015 |website=[[Business Standard]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205034126/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chandigarh-administration-bans-nanak-shah-fakir-115041700568_1.html |archive-date=5 December 2015 |access-date=11 January 2016|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref>
* 2015 – ''Pata Pata Singhan Da Vairi'': Based on the 1980s and 1990s insurgency in Punjab, its released was stalled. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sikhsiyasatnews.net/patta-patta-singhan-da-vairi-film-based-on-sikh-militant-movement-banned-in-india/ |title=Patta Patta Singhan Da Vairi, Film based on Sikh militant movement, banned in India|work=Sikh Siyasat News |date=7 March 2015}}</ref>
* 2015 – ''[[MSG-2 The Messenger]]'': On the release day, the film was banned by [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa administration]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] but the ban was lifted later.<ref name="MSG2-TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/MSG-2-On-day-Mansa-removes-ban-DC-says-didnt-know-about-it/articleshow/49006865.cms |title='MSG-2': On day Mansa removes ban, DC says didn't know about it |last=Amaninder Sharma |date=18 September 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921035125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/MSG-2-On-day-Mansa-removes-ban-DC-says-didnt-know-about-it/articleshow/49006865.cms |archive-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> However, theatre owners refused to screen it in Punjab citing law and order problems.<ref name="Miss-HT">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/punjab-theatre-owners-give-gurmeet-ram-rahim-starrer--msg-2-a-miss/article1-1391320.aspx |title=Punjab theatre owners give MSG-2 a miss |date=18 September 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923114251/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/punjab-theatre-owners-give-gurmeet-ram-rahim-starrer--msg-2-a-miss/article1-1391320.aspx |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="MSG2NoShow-TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/The-Messenger-Pictures-from-its-grand-premiere/photostory/49023159.cms |title=No show of MSG-2 in Punjab, dera followers hold protest |date=19 September 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920225725/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/The-Messenger-Pictures-from-its-grand-premiere/photostory/49023159.cms |archive-date=20 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ruckus-Jag">{{Cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/moga-ruckus-in-punjab-on-ban-to-film-msg-2-stoped-rail-12908634.html |title=Ruckus in Punjab on ban to film MSG 2, rail traffic stopped |date=19 September 2015 |work=Jagran |access-date=19 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906180745/http://www.jagran.com/punjab/moga-ruckus-in-punjab-on-ban-to-film-msg-2-stoped-rail-12908634.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |language=hi}}</ref>
* 2016 – ''[[Santa Banta Pvt Ltd]]'': The film was banned by the state government for portraying [[Sikh]]s in a denigrating and defamatory manner.<ref name="Santa-NDTV">{{Cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-bans-santa-banta-pvt-ltd-for-allegedly-mocking-sikhs-1398749 |title=Punjab Bans Santa Banta Pvt Ltd For Allegedly Mocking Sikhs |date=13 April 2016 |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202926/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-bans-santa-banta-pvt-ltd-for-allegedly-mocking-sikhs-1398749 |archive-date=24 April 2016}}</ref>
* 2016 – ''[[Dharam Yudh Morcha (film)|Dharam Yudh Morcha]]'': Based on the life of [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and involving events like the [[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]], [[Operation Bluestar]], [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clash]], and the role of Major [[Shabeg Singh]] as an army officer, its theatrical release was banned which led to its release on YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/banned-punjabi-movies/ |title= List Of 18 Banned Punjabi Movies (Updated 2023)|work=Kiddaan.com |date=23 December 2022|via=Kiddan.com}}</ref>
* 2017– ''[[Kharku]]waad'' - Portrays police brutality during the insurgency in Punjab, depicted the clashes that took place between the Sikh community and the Punjab Police at that time.
* 2017 – ''[[Toofan Singh (film)|Toofan Singh]]'': A movie based on life of [[Toofan Singh|Jugraj Singh Toofan]]. The film was banned which led to its release on YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/toofan-singh-banned-yes-but-not-by-prasoon-joshi-reports-1741531|title=Toofan Singh Banned, Yes. But Not By Prasoon Joshi: Reports|work=NDTV|date=24 August 2017}}</ref>
* 2017 – ''Bhagat Singh Di Udeek'' - The title translates to “The wait of [[Bhagat Singh]]”, it describes how a common man falls prey to the atrocities of the system and is forced to fight the system single-handedly. It was initially delayed due to some technical errors and also faced rejection by the CBFC.
*2019 – ''Dastaan E [[Miri piri|Miri Piri]]'' : The film was banned in theatres for showing an animation of the sixth [[Sikh guru]], [[Guru Hargobind]]. It was released on YouTube with many cuts and only portrayed a shadow of the fifth and sixth Sikh gurus. <ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Dec/14/punjab-sgpc-decides-to-ban-moviesportraying-sikh-gurus-their-kin-2528007.html|title=Punjab: SGPC decides to ban movies portraying Sikh gurus, their kin|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
*2020 – ''[[Shooter (2022 film)|Shooter]]'':- The film was banned because it was a biography of gangster Sukha Kahlwan.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/shooter-banned-in-punjab-fir-against-producer-38448 Shooter banned in Punjab, FIR against producer]. ''[[Tribune India]]''.</ref>
*2021 – ''[[Shudra]] to [[Khalsa]]'' :- The film was banned in apprehension of rising tensions between caste groups.
*2022 – ''[[ Supreme Motherhood: The Journey of Mata Sahib Kaur]]'' :- The film was banned in Punjab due to animation on Sikh Guru's family and especially some incorrect depiction of Sikh History as claimed by Sikh organisations. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Stop release of movie depicting life of Mata Sahib Kaur immediately: SGPC to makers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/stop-release-of-movie-depicting-life-of-mata-sahib-kaur-immediately-sgpc-to-makers-101649358466351.html |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref>
*2025 – ''Hind Di Chadar Guru Ladho Re'':- The movie was about to be released on 21 November, but was banned in Punjab as it was based on the life of ninth Sikh Guru, which showed the Guru and family in animated form.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sgpc-urges-filmmakers-to-halt-release-of-hind-di-chadar-cites-violation-of-sikh-tenets-2821206-2025-11-17|title=Sikh body objects to 'Hind Di Chadar', says film defies religious directives|work=The India Today |date=17 November 2025}}</ref>
*2025 – ''[[Emergency (2025 film)]]'':- The movie was banned in Punjab citing peace and stability disorder. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kangana-ranaut-pained-over-emergency-ban-in-punjab-2667290-2025-01-20|title=Kangana 'pained' over Emergency ban in Punjab: My films performed so well there|work=The India Today |date=10 January 2025}}</ref>

=== Rajasthan ===
* 2008 – ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'': The film was not released after theatre owners received letters written in blood from [[Shri Rajput Karni Sena|Karni Sena]].<ref name="Raj1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/15ban.htm |title=Jodhaa Akbar not released in Rajasthan |date=15 February 2008 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123222146/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/15ban.htm |archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Raj2">{{Cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/gowariker-s-magnum-opus-jodhaa-akbar-releases-amid-controversy_424509.html |title=Gowariker's magnum opus Jodhaa Akbar releases amid controversy |date=15 February 2008 |work=Zee News |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2017 – ''[[Padmaavat]]'': Following controversies and threats of violence made by Rajput caste organization ''Shri Rajput Karni Sena''.<ref name="Padmaavat ban 2017" />

=== Tamil Nadu ===
* 1987 – ''[[Ore Oru Gramathiley]]'': It was banned for criticizing [[Reservation in India|caste based reservations]]. The [[Supreme Court of India]] later allowed its release.<ref name="oreoru">{{Cite web |url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/from-tollywood-a-landmark-case-on-free-speech/ |title=From Tamil Film, a Landmark Case on Free Speech |last=Subramanian |first=Samanth |website=India Ink (India blog of [[New York Times]]) |date=14 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530202802/http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/from-tollywood-a-landmark-case-on-free-speech/ |archive-date=30 May 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref>
* 2006 – ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'': It was banned after concerns that it may hurt religious sentiments.<ref name="VinciBan">{{Cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dmk-govt-bans-the-da-vinci-code-/5538/ |title=DMK govt bans The Da Vinci Code |date=31 May 2006 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> Later, Madras High Court allowed its screening.<ref name="VinciHC">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/08tn.htm |title=Da Vinci Code to hit TN theatres, finally |date=8 July 2006 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225819/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/08tn.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
* 2011 – ''[[Dam 999]]'': It was banned for allegedly spreading fear among people regarding the [[Mullaperiyar Dam]].<ref name="Dam999">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-24/chennai/30437083_1_new-dam-mullaperiyar-dam-tamil-nadu |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-24/chennai/30437083_1_new-dam-mullaperiyar-dam-tamil-nadu |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Tamil Nadu govt bans screening of movie 'Dam 999' |last=R. Satyanarayana |date=24 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
* 2013 – ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'': The film was banned after objections were expressed by Muslim groups regarding the portrayal of the Muslim community in a bad light.<ref name="VishMuslim">{{Cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/muslim-groups-want-screening-of-viswaroopam-to-them-prior-to-release/1054083/0 |title=Muslim groups want screening of 'Viswaroopam' to them prior to release |date=3 January 2013 |work=Indian Express |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210095854/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/muslim-groups-want-screening-of-viswaroopam-to-them-prior-to-release/1054083/0 |archive-date=10 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="VishBan">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Vishwaroopam-ban-emotional-Kamal-Haasan-threatens-to-move-out-to-a-secular-land/Article1-1003738.aspx |title=Vishwaroopam ban: emotional Kamal Haasan threatens to move out to a 'secular' land |date=30 January 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306064851/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Vishwaroopam-ban-emotional-Kamal-Haasan-threatens-to-move-out-to-a-secular-land/Article1-1003738.aspx |archive-date=6 March 2013}}</ref> The movie was later released after seven scenes were cut.<ref name="VishRelease">{{Cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-releases-in-tamil-nadu-finally-327550 |title=Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam releases in Tamil Nadu, finally |last=Malik |first=Surabhi |date=7 February 2013 |work=NDTV |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320085438/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-releases-in-tamil-nadu-finally-327550 |archive-date=20 March 2013}}</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh ===
* 2007 – ''[[Aaja Nachle]]'': The movie was banned because the lyrics of the title song was allegedly humiliating the [[Dalit]]s. The lyrics were later changed.<ref name="UPaaja">{{Cite news |url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20071201-2.html |title='Aaja Nachle' banned in UP and Punjab |date=1 December 2007 |work=ApunKaChoice.com |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002191024/http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20071201-2.html |archive-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> The ban was lifted later after the producers apologized.<ref name="UPaaja1">{{Cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-30783120071201 |title=Uttar Pradesh lifts ban on "Aaja Nachle" |date=1 December 2007 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722100954/http://in.reuters.com/article/2007/12/01/idINIndia-30783120071201 |archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref>
* 2008 – ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'': The film was banned fearing breach of peace after protests from a Rajput group.<ref name="JodhaaRajput">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-01/india/27766847_1_bans-screening-rajput |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084313/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-01/india/27766847_1_bans-screening-rajput |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=UP bans screening of Jodhaa Akbar |date=1 March 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="UPJodhaa">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jodhaa-akbar-banned-in-uttar-pradesh-news-bollywood-kkftO8dhdhe.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084314/http://www.sify.com/movies/jodhaa-akbar-banned-in-uttar-pradesh-news-bollywood-kkftO8dhdhe.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Jodhaa Akbar banned in Uttar Pradesh |date=2 March 2008 |work=Sify.com |access-date=4 August 2013 }}</ref> The Supreme Court later lifted the ban.<ref name="SCJodhaa" />
* 2011 – ''[[Aarakshan]]'': It had been banned due to objectionable dialogues.<ref name="UPAar">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/lucknow/29875976_1_aarakshan-bans-screening |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807084352/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/lucknow/29875976_1_aarakshan-bans-screening |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=UP govt bans release of 'Aarakshan' |date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> Later, Supreme Court lifted the ban.<ref name="SCAarUp">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2372834.ece |title=Suspension of Aarakshan screening in U.P. quashed |date=19 August 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909015022/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2372834.ece |archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> The film was based on the topic of [[Reservation in India|reservations]] in jobs and education.

=== West Bengal ===
* 1992 – ''[[City of Joy (film)|City of Joy]]'': The film's shooting was banned in Calcutta for a while due to negative portrayal of the city.<ref name="city of joy">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/movies/city-of-joy-starts-filming-but-calcutta-still-simmers.html |title=City of Protests : India: The filming of 'City of Joy' has brought Hollywood to Calcutta and raised charges that the movie is 'social pornography.' |last=Fineman |first=Mark |date=28 March 1991 |newspaper=LA Times |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525232242/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/movies/city-of-joy-starts-filming-but-calcutta-still-simmers.html |archive-date=25 May 2015}}</ref>
* 2013 – ''[[Kangal Malsat]]'': In February 2013, a revising committee of the CBFC refused to pass the film citing excessive use of abusive language, sexuality and frivolous approach in portraying of social movements. The film was cleared later by the Film Certification Appellate Tribunal after some edits.<ref name="kangal1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/mamata-banerjee-film-kangal-malsa-gets-red-signal-trinamool-congress-government-154756-2013-02-23 |title=Film critical of Mamata Banerjee gets red-signal |date=24 February 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=7 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607091038/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/mamata-banerjee-film-kangal-malsa-gets-red-signal-trinamool-congress-government/1/251565.html |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Stalin">{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130225/jsp/calcutta/story_16601307.jsp#.UTBnVjeElZM |title=Censors cite Stalin & CM! |last=Das |first=Mohua |date=25 February 2013 |work=The Telegraph Calcutta |access-date=1 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228162415/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130225/jsp/calcutta/story_16601307.jsp#.UTBnVjeElZM |archive-date=28 February 2013 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref><ref name="Top 10 Hindi">{{Cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKDlNjdzU2M |title=Top 10 Banned Movies in India! |last=Youtube India |first=Top 10 Hindi |date=25 November 2017 |location=mumbai, India}}</ref>
* 2023 – ''[[The Kerala Story]]'' : In May 2023, the West Bengal government banned the film due to controversy over the portrayal of the [[love jihad conspiracy theory]].

== See also ==
*[[Censorship in India]]
*[[Cinema of India]]
*[[List of books banned in India]]
*[[List of banned films]]
*[[Film censorship]]
*[[Moral police]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Banned films by country}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Films banned in India}}
[[Category:Film censorship in India|*]]
[[Category:Lists of banned films|India]]
[[Category:Indian film-related lists|Banned]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film| List India]]

INS Shivaji

2026-02-26T01:55:38Z

Greensobhacondo: Updated and refined page content

{{Short description|Indian naval base in Lonavala, Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}

{{Infobox military installation
| name = INS Shivaji
| ensign =
| native_name =
| partof =[[Western Naval Command]]<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1401#|title=Organisation of Southern Naval Command|website=www.indiannavy.nic.in|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>
| location = [[Lonavala]], [[Maharashtra]]
| nearest_town =
| country = [[India]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 = INS SHIVAJI.png
| alt2 =
| caption2 = INS Shivaji Crest
| type = Naval Station Technical Training Establishment
| coordinates = {{coord|18.720053|73.373892|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =Location of INS Shivaji in Maharashtra, India
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| ownership = [[Government of India]]
| operator = [[Indian Navy]]
| controlledby = 
| open_to_public = 
| site_other_label = 
| site_other = 
| site_area = {{convert|876|acre|abbr=on}}
| code =
| built = 15 February 1945
| used = {{End date|1945}} – present
| builder =
| materials =
| height = {{convert|700|m|abbr=on}} above sea level
| fate =
| condition =
| battles =
| events =
| current_commander =Commodore Mohit Goel, NM
| past_commanders =[[Nilakanta Krishnan]]
| garrison =
| occupants =
| website =[https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/insshivaji/ INS Shivaji]
| footnotes =
}}

'''INS Shivaji''' is an Indian naval station located in [[Lonavala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-shivaji-engineering-training-establishment|title = INS Shivaji (Engineering Training Establishment) {{!}} Indian Navy|website = www.indiannavy.nic.in|access-date = 2016-05-05}}</ref> It houses the Naval College of Engineering which trains officers of the [[Indian Navy]] and the [[Indian Coast Guard]].<ref name="cleanliness">{{cite news|title=Social organizations and INS Shivaji undertake Lonavla cleanliness drive |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Social-organizations-and-INS-Shivaji-undertake-Lonavla-cleanliness-drive/articleshow/10030760.cms |first=Manish |last=Umbrajkar |date=18 September 2011 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Pune |access-date=May 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="firefighting">{{cite news|title= Modern firefighting facility at INS Shivaji |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-modern-firefighting-facility-at-ins-shivaji-1891647 |first=Anurag |last=Bende |date=23 September 2013 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Pune |access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref> It was commissioned on 15 February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji.<ref name="60years">{{cite news|title=INS Shivaji all set to celebrate 60 years |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/INS-Shivaji-all-set-to-celebrate-60-years/articleshow/986612.cms |date=11 January 2015 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Pune |access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref> It is located close to the [[Bhushi Dam]].<ref name="bhushiresort">{{cite news|title=Bhushi dam area may get a holiday resort |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Bhushi-dam-area-may-get-a-holiday-resort/articleshow/38503817.cms |first=Manish |last=Umbrajkar |date=17 July 2014|work=[[Times of India]] |location=Pune |access-date=May 25, 2015}}</ref> It is located on {{convert|876|acre|hectare}} of land.<ref name=indiastrategic>{{cite news|last1=Sangeeta Saxena|title=State-of-the-art technology gives INS Shivaji an edge|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1861_State_of_the_art_technology_gives_INS_Shivaji_an_edge.htm|access-date=25 May 2015|work=India Strategic|date=December 2012|archive-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525141744/http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1861_State_of_the_art_technology_gives_INS_Shivaji_an_edge.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Indian Navy]] already operates a first damage control simulator Akshat at ''INS Shivaji'' to train its officers and sailors on damage control on a warship at sea. Indian Navy's Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence (NBCD) School and Center for Marine Engineering Technology are also based here.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goa-Shipyard-to-build-Nuclear-Biological-and-Chemical/articleshow/52132261.cms|title = Goa Shipyard to build 'Nuclear, Biological and Chemical' - Times of India|website = The Times of India|access-date = 2016-05-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
[[File:Engineers at work in INS Shivaji.jpg|320x320px|thumb|right|Engineers at work in INS Shivaji]]

== History ==
INS Shivaji had its origin as replacement for the ‘Stokers’ Training School’ at [[HMIS Dalhousie]], in Naval Dockyard, Bombay (now Mumbai). Commissioned by the then Governor of Bombay, [[John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir|John Colville]], as HMIS Shivaji on 15 February 1945, it became INS Shivaji on 26 January 1950. To provide scope for further expansion and to isolate the trainee sailors from the country's politics, the Royal Indian Navy decided to shift the training establishment from Bombay to a quieter place. While the British were on the lookout for a suitable location, coincidentally an air accident took place in the Sahyadri Ranges. Those who came to investigate the accident found more than what they sought. Sandwiched between a sheer vertical rock face, covering the entire height of the hill range (the Tiger's Leap) on one side and another imposing rock formation (the Duke's Nose or Nagphani) on the other, here was this flat piece of land.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1861_State_of_the_art_technology_gives_INS_Shivaji_an_edge.htm|title=..:: India Strategic ::.. Navy: State-of-the-art technology gives INS Shivaji an edge|website=www.indiastrategic.in|access-date=2018-06-30|archive-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525141744/http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1861_State_of_the_art_technology_gives_INS_Shivaji_an_edge.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Schools ==
INS Shivaji has three premier institutions viz. Centre of Marine Engineering and Technology (CMET), Centre of Excellence (CoE) and Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence (NBCD) School.<ref name=":1" /> INS Shivaji has an annual training throughput of more than 2800 officers and 7800 sailors from the Indian Navy. It also trains personnel from the navies of 20 friendly countries worldwide with an annual throughput of over 250 international trainees on an average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiastrategic.in/2020/02/14/president-of-india-presents-colour-to-ins-shivaji/|title=President of India Presents Colour to INS Shivaji – India Strategic|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222172403/https://www.indiastrategic.in/2020/02/14/president-of-india-presents-colour-to-ins-shivaji/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the President’s Colour to the INS Shivaji, in Lonavala, Maharashtra on February 13, 2020.jpg|thumb|right|320x320px|The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the President’s Colour to the INS Shivaji on February 13, 2020]]

=== Naval College of Engineering ===

The Naval College of Engineering undertakes B.Tech. courses at the entry-level for technical officers’ entry into the Service. It is affiliated to [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]]. The faculty is a mix of (Defence Research and Development Organisation) DRDscientists and Naval officers.

=== Centre of Marine Engineering Technology (CMET) ===

The Centre of Marine Engineering Technology (CMET) is a facility equipped to undertake ab initio, qualifying and marine specialisation courses for officers, sailors and civilians. It also undertakes a specialised pre-commissioning training of officers and sailors on actual equipment fitment onboard war vessels prior to appointment. The training wings also include the EPCT School. It has a Cadet’s Training Department which is similar to an Officers’ Training Academy which undertakes training of cadets in personality development, leadership qualities and waterman ship.

=== Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense (NBCD) School ===

The NBCD School conducts training in nuclear, biological and chemical aspects, damage control and fire-fighting. It has a damage control simulator namely Akshat. It is a facility for practical training in simulated damage control procedures on board the ship.

== Awards ==

India's President Ram Nath Kovind awarded the coveted [[President's Colour Award|President’s Colours]] to INS Shivaji on 13 Feb 2020. The President’s Colour is the highest honour that can be bestowed upon any military unit in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-presents-colour-to-ins-shivaji/articleshow/74123976.cms|title=President presents colour to INS Shivaji {{!}} India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-22|last3=Ist|first3=22:54}}</ref>

==See also==
'''Indian navy'''

*[[List of Indian Navy bases]]
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships]]

'''Integrated commands and units'''

*[[Armed Forces Special Operations Division]]
*[[Defence Cyber Agency]]
*[[Integrated Defence Staff]]
*[[Integrated Space Cell]]
*[[Nuclear Command Authority (India)|Indian Nuclear Command Authority]]
*[[Indian Armed Forces]]
*[[Special Forces of India]]

'''Other Lists'''

*[[Strategic Forces Command]]
*[[List of Indian Air Force stations]]
*[[List of Indian Navy bases]]
*[[List of countries with overseas military bases#India|India's overseas military bases]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://indiannavy.nic.in/about-indian-navy/ins-shivaji?page=0%2C0 INS Shivaji] on the website of the [[Indian Navy]]

{{Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivaji}}
[[Category:Indian Navy bases|Shivaji]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Shivaji]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lonavala-Khandala]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 1945]]

Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-24T02:22:24Z

Greensobhacondo: made basic bio v1!

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = 
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| relief = yes
| mapframe = Yes
| map_alt = Location of Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption = Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary (in Madhya Pradesh)
| label = Narsinghgarh WS
| mark = Green pog.svg
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| location = [[Rajgarh district]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Narsinghgarh, Madhya Pradesh|Narsinghgarh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.625|77.0667|region:IN-MP|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref name="rajgarhGov">{{cite web |url=https://rajgarh.nic.in/en/tourist-place/chidikho-narsinghgarh/ |title=Chidikho–Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=District Rajgarh, Government of Madhya Pradesh |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>
| area = {{convert|57.197|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="rajgarhGov"/>
| established = 1978<ref name="rajgarhGov"/>
| governing_body = Forest Department, Madhya Pradesh
}}

'''Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary''' also known as '''Chidi Kho Wildlife Sanctuary'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chidi Kho wildlife sanctuary turns 'school of nature' for kids |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/chidi-kho-wildlife-sanctuary-turns-school-of-nature-for-kids.html |website=Daily pioneer}}</ref> is a protected area in the [[Rajgarh district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. Established in 1978, it covers {{convert|57.197|km2|abbr=on}} of dry deciduous forest on the northern edge of the Malwa Plateau.<ref name="rajgarhGov"/>

==Flora==
The sanctuary is characterized by dry deciduous trees such as teak (''[[Tectona grandis]]''), dhawda (''[[Anogeissus latifolia]]''), saja (''[[Terminalia elliptica|Terminalia tomentosa]]''), khair (''[[Acacia catechu]]'') and understorey species including [[bamboo]] and tendu.<ref name="rajgarhGov"/>

==Fauna==
Large herbivores include [[chital]] (''Axis axis''), [[Sambar deer|sambar]] (''Rusa unicolor'') and [[nilgai]] (''Boselaphus tragocamelus''), which roam freely around Chidikho Lake in the sanctuary’s centre.<ref name="rajgarhGov" />
[[Leopard|Leopards]] (''Panthera pardus'') have also been recorded in the area, often venturing close to Narsinghgarh town.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-leopard-found-in-unconscious-state-in-rajgarh |title=Madhya Pradesh: Leopard Found In Unconscious State In Rajgarh |work=Free Press Journal |date=8 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/rajgarh/news/leopard-spotted-near-narsinghgarh-fort-134165822.html |title=Leopard Spotted Near Narsinghgarh Fort |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=January 2025}}</ref>

==Avifauna==
The sanctuary supports over 175 species of resident and migratory birds, including the state bird of [[Madhya Pradesh]],the [[Indian paradise flycatcher]] (''Terpsiphone paradisi''), and large numbers of [[peafowl]] (''Pavo cristatus'').<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forest.mp.gov.in/ho_outer/Senc_Rajgarh.aspx |title=Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary – Tourism & Birding |publisher=Madhya Pradesh Forest Department |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>

==Tourism and access==
Chidikho Lake is the main bird-watching spot. Visitors can explore natural caves bearing ancient red and white wall paintings. The best season to visit is November–June. The nearest airport is Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal (≈85 km), and the nearest railhead is Biaora (≈35 km), with road access via NH-46.<ref name="rajgarhGov"/>

==Conservation and research==
A 2019 government study assessed the impact of tourism and unregulated development on Madhya Pradesh’s protected areas, recommending carrying-capacity limits and habitat-friendly infrastructure in sanctuaries like Narsinghgarh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpsfri.org/index.php/habitat-ecology-division |title=Impact of tourism on ecological, economic and social dynamics in and around the Tiger Reserves of Madhya Pradesh |author=Dr. Anjana Rajput |publisher=Forest Department, Madhya Pradesh |date=December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://rajgarh.nic.in/en/tourist-place/chidikho-narsinghgarh/ Chidikho–Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary] – District Rajgarh, Government of Madhya Pradesh
* [https://www.forest.mp.gov.in/ho_outer/Senc_Rajgarh.aspx Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary – Tourism & Birding] – Madhya Pradesh Forest Department

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajgarh district]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Garo Hills Autonomous District Council

2026-02-23T11:19:33Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Local government body in Meghalaya, northeastern India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Garo Hills Autonomous District Council
| house_type = Autonomous District Council
| body =
| houses =
| coa_pic = Garo hills.png
| coa_res =
| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 =
| party1 =
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Chief Executive Member
| leader2 = Albinush R Marak<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://themeghalayan.com/siju-mdc-albinush-marak-new-ghadc-cem/|title=Albinush Marak|website=The Meghalayan}}</ref>
| party2 = [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| election2 =
| leader3_type =
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| members = 30 Councillors (29 elected + 1 nominated)
| structure1 = India Meghalaya Garo Hills Autonomous District Council 2025.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 = '''Government (16)''' {{Color box|{{Party color|Meghalaya Democratic Alliance}}}} '''[[Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (2018–present)|MDA]] (16)'''
*{{colorbox|#FDB200}} [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (11)
*{{colorbox|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2)
*{{colorbox|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)
'''Opposition (13)''' 
*{{colorbox|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (12)
*{{colorbox|#FF0608}} [[Garo National Council|GNC]] (1)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/garo-people-will-support-congress-garo-national-council-530663| title=Garo people will support Congress: Garo National Council}}</ref>
'''Nominated (1)'''
*{{colorbox|#000000}} [[Candidate|NOM]] (1)
| voting_system1 = 29 [[Plurality voting system|plurality voting]]
| voting_system2 = 1 nominated
| last_election1 = [[2021 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election|12 April 2021]]
| next_election1 = [[2026 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election|10 April 2026]]
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]], [[Meghalaya]]
| website =
}}

'''Garo Hills Autonomous District Council''' (GHADC) is an [[autonomous district council]] in the state of [[Meghalaya]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/three-autonomous-district-councils-of-meghalaya-urges-the-national-commission-to-bar-government-from-meddling/|title = Three Autonomous District Councils of Meghalaya urges the National Commission to bar government from meddling - Sentinelassam|date = 15 May 2019}}</ref> It is seated at [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]] and covers [[East Garo Hills district]], [[West Garo Hills district]], [[South Garo Hills district]], [[North Garo Hills district]] and [[South West Garo Hills district]]; is one of the three Autonomous District Councils within Meghalaya, and one of twenty-five [[autonomous regions of India]]. The total area of the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council is 10,102 sq km having a population of 1,394,362 as of 2011.

== History ==
The Constitution of India which was proclaimed in the year 1950 has under Article 244(2) a provision for administration of tribal areas in the then State of Assam as per Sixth Schedule to the Constitution. The States in the North Eastern Region were reconstituted by the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971 and State of Meghalaya was formed comprising (a) the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the autonomous State of Meghalaya and (b) so much of the territories comprised within the cantonment and municipality of Shillong, as did not form part of that autonomous State. The table appended to paragraph 20 was divided into three parts. Part II of the table covered the tribal areas of the State of Meghalaya as under:
* United Khasi-Jaintia Hills District
* Jowai District
* Garo Hills District

On 22 October 1976 the Garo Hills district was bifurcated into two districts: West Garo Hills district and East Garo Hills district. The West Garo Hills district was further divided into two districts: West Garo Hills district and South Garo Hills district in June 1992. The South West Garo Hills was carved out of present West Garo Hills and The North Garo Hills district was carved out of the erstwhile East Garo Hills district in 2012.

The Garo Hills Autonomous District Council therefore now comprises the following five districts:
#[[East Garo Hills]]
#[[North Garo Hills]]
#[[South Garo Hills]]
#[[South West Garo Hills]]
#[[West Garo Hills]]

[[File:NE Autonomous divisions of India.svg|350px]]

==Elections==
Various elections are as follows:
* [[2021 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election]]
* [[2015 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election]]

==Structure==
===Executive Wing===
Heading the Executive Wing of the ADC is the Executive Committee whose duties are similar to those of the Cabinet of the State. The head of the Executive Committee, that is, the Chief Executive Member is elected by majority votes by the Council in Session and such election is to be approved by the Governor of the State. The Chief Executive Member then nominates Members of the Executive Committee from amongst the members of the Council. The Executive Committee remains in Office as long as they enjoy the majority support of Members of the Council.{{Cn| date= October 2024}}

===Legislative Wing===
The members of the Council hold regular session once every four months. The Annual Budget of the ADC has to be passed by the majority votes by the Council in session. The other duties of the Council in session are to legislate and enact laws and regulations on such powers as conferred by the Sixth Schedule. Bills on laws and regulations passed by the Council in session are sent to the Governor of the State for his assent or approval.{{Cn| date= October 2024}}

To run the affairs of the Legislative Secretariat, the Council in session elects a Chairman and Deputy Chairman whose duties are similar to the speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the State Legislature. The Office of the Legislative is looked after by officers and staff headed by the Secretary Legislative.{{Cn| date= October 2024}}

===Judiciary Wing===
Paragraph 4 and 5 of the Sixth Schedule provides for administration of justice in Autonomous areas. Under the above paragraphs, the ADCs are empowered to constitute Courts for trials of cases between parties belonging to Scheduled Tribe Communities.{{Cn| date= October 2024}}

==See also==

* [[Hill tribes of Northeast India]]
* [[North Eastern Council]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/1613978948864117/ Garo Hills Autonomous District Council]

{{Autonomous administrative divisions of India}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Lawngtlai District}}
{{Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.931|90.896|display=title}}

[[Category:Autonomous district councils of India]]
[[Category:Government of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Chikki

2026-02-14T12:33:59Z

Greensobhacondo: corrected page and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Peanut-based confection}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Chikki
| image = Peanut Chikki.JPG
| image_size = 240px
| caption = Peanut chikki
| alternate_name = Kadalai (Kadale) Mittai,(Git) Gud Badam, Palli Patti, Kappalandi Muthai, Thua Tat, Amrutam, Chikii
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]]
| creator =
| course = [[Snack]]
| type = [[Brittle (food)|Brittle]]
| main_ingredient = [[Peanut]]s, [[jaggery]]
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''Chikki''' is a traditional [[Indian sweet]] ([[Brittle (food)|brittle]]) generally made from [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] and [[jaggery]]/[[sugar]].<ref name=Chikii>{{cite news|last=Chitrodia|first=Rucha Biju|title=A low-cal twist to sweet sensations|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/A-low-cal-twist-to-sweet-sensations/articleshow/3901919.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023195025/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-28/mumbai/27894010_1_refined-sugar-sugar-substitutes-jaggery|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2008 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> There are several different varieties of chikki in addition to the most common groundnut (peanut) chikki. Each variety of chikki is named after the ingredients used, which include puffed or roasted [[chickpea|Bengal gram]], sesame, puffed rice, beaten rice, or khobra ([[desiccated coconut]]), and other nuts such as almonds, cashews and pistachios.
{{Indian cuisine}}

In [[Sindh]] province of Pakistan, it is called ''layee'' or ''lai''. In north Indian states, it is also known as ''gajak'' or ''maroonda''. In [[Bangladesh]], [[West Bengal]] and other Bengali-speaking regions, it is known as ''gur badam''.In [[Maharashtra]] it is called as ''Chikki''. In [[Kashmir]] it's known as ''Patti''.In the South Indian states of [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is called ''palli patti (పల్లీ పట్టీ)''. In [[Kerala]] it is called kadala mittai; in [[Tamil Nadu]], kadalai mittai; in [[Karnataka]] kadale Mittai. Similar dishes are also very popular in [[Brazil]], where it is known as ''[[pé de moleque]]'', in [[Paraguay]], where it is called ''[[Ka'í Ladrillo|ka'i ladrillo]],'' and in [[Thailand]], where it is called ''thua tat''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==Ingredients==
[[File:Chikki assortment.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Assorted chikkis]]
Chikkis are made using a combination of ingredients. Special chikkis are made out of [[cashew]]s, [[almond]]s, [[pistachio]]s, and also [[sesame seed]]. Though jaggery is the usual sweetener material, sugar is sometimes used as the base. It is a very popular sweet item in both rural and urban South Asia. In the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], preparation often takes place with a larger proportion of nuts to jaggery. In several states, chikkis in both square and round forms are available.

==Preparation==
The preparation of chikkis consists of first preparing the hot jaggery syrup with a minimum of water, adding nuts to the syrup to coat them (with the syrup) and then transferring the nuts to a wooden mould, then rolling them to a thickness of about 6–8 mm using a wooden roller, then placing into a steel plate for cooling, cutting into slabs, and packing. In homes, smaller quantities are hand rolled with wooden rollers.

Most popular chikkis are sourced from the Indian towns of [[Bhuj]] in [[Gujarat]]; [[Kovilpatti]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]; [[Madurai]], [[Palakkad]], [[Central Travancore]], [[Kannur]], [[Cherthala]] in [[Kerala]], [[Lonavala chikki|Lonavala]], [[Matheran]], [[Mahabaleshwar]], [[Panchgani]], and [[Karjat]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=Vaid>{{cite news|last=Vaid|first=Molshree|title=Chikki on a Sticky Wicket|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune-times/Chikki-on-a-sticky-wicket/articleshow/2047035237.cms|work=The Times of India|date=15 November 2001 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> In Mumbai, a variety of chikki is made using ''rajgira'' ([[Amaranth grain|amaranth]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ved |first=Sonal |date=2021-02-15 |title=Everything you need to know about rajgira, the lesser-known Indian superfood |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/everything-you-need-to-know-about-rajgira-the-lesser-known-indian-superfood |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Vogue India |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-IN}}</ref>
[[File:கடலை மிட்டாய் (2).jpg|thumb|Homemade Chikki from Tamil Nadu]]

==See also==
* [[Tilsakri|Tilsakri (Tilpatti/Tilpapdi)]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dasa |first=Syamasundara |date=1965–1975 |title=Hindi sabdasagara |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/dasa-hindi_query.py?page=2091 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> a similar candy with sesame seeds
* [[Kovilpatti]]
* [[Lonavala chikki]]
* [[Peanut brittle]], a similar candy with a lower proportion of nuts
* [[Gozinaki]]
* [[Yeot-gangjeong]]
* [[List of peanut dishes]]
* [[Tameletjie]]
* [[Alegría (Mexican candy)]]
* [[Pé-de-moleque]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.indiacurry.com/nuts/nutbrittlechikki.htm IndiaCurry.com Chikki and Recipes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231844/http://www.indiacurry.com/nuts/nutbrittlechikki.htm |date=3 March 2016}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140729011911/http://en.recidemia.com/wiki/Singada_Chikki Singada Chikki recipe on Recidemia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824170235/http://apanirasoi.in/indian-dessert-recipes/chikkirecipes/ Indian Chikki Recipes]

{{Nut confections}}
{{Bangladeshi dishes}}

[[Category:Indian confectionery]]
[[Category:Lonavala-Khandala]]
[[Category:Maharashtrian cuisine]]
[[Category:Peanut confectionery]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Nut confections]]

1979 Pocono 500

2026-02-12T19:31:17Z

Greensobhacondo: new!

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{American Championship Car race report infobox
|Country = USA
|Race = Pocono 500
|Image = Pocono Raceway.svg
|Caption =
|Date = June 24
|Year = 1979
|Series = USAC Championship Car
|Official name = [[Pocono 500 (IndyCar)| 1979 Music 500 Presented by Sam Goody]]
|Round_No = 5th
|Location = [[Long Pond, Pennsylvania]]
|Course = Permanent racing facility
|Course_mi = 2.5
|Course_km = 4.023
|Distance_laps = 200
|Distance_mi = 500
|Distance_km = 804.672
|Weather = Temperatures up to {{convert|60|F|C}}; wind speeds up to {{convert|14|mph|km/h}}<ref>{{cite web|title=1979 Pocono 500 weather information|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/us/pa/avoca/KAVP/date/1979-6-24|publisher=Wunderground|accessdate=April 25, 2023}}</ref>
|Pole_Driver = [[A. J. Foyt]]
|Pole_Team = [[A. J. Foyt Racing]]
|Pole_Time = 182.334 mph
|Pole_Country = USA
|Fast_Driver =
|Fast_Team =
|Fast_Time =
|Fast_Lap =
|Fast_Country =
|First_Driver = [[A.J. Foyt]]
|First_Team = A.J. Foyt Racing
|First_Country = USA
|Second_Driver = [[Jim McElreath]]
|Second_Team = Shirley McElreath
|Second_Country = USA
|Third_Driver = [[Larry Dickson]]
|Third_Team = Russ Polak
|Third_Country = USA
}}

The '''1979 Pocono 500''', the 9th running of the event, was held at the [[Pocono Raceway]] in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, on Sunday June 24, 1979. [[A. J. Foyt]] won the race, his third [[Pocono 500 (IndyCar)|Pocono 500]] win. Branded as the '''1979 Music 500 Presented by Sam Goody''' for sponsorship reasons, the race was notable for its role in the confrontation between separate [[American open-wheel car racing|Indy car racing]] sanctioning bodies, [[United States Auto Club|USAC]] and [[Championship Auto Racing Teams|CART]].

==Background==
After eight years with [[Schaefer Beer|Schaefer]] as presenting sponsor of The Pocono 500, title sponsorship for the race was picked up by [[Pickwick Records|Pickwick International]] who named it the Music 500 presented by [[Musicland]] and [[Sam Goody]].<ref name="Pocono Raceway Announced Pickwick">{{cite news |url=https://ibb.co/LJj289G |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509180523/https://ibb.co/LJj289G |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |work=Scrantonian |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Pocono Raceway Announced Pickwick |date=May 13, 1979 |page=63}}</ref>

During race weekend, in the infield on Friday were concerts by [[Ronnie Milsap]], [[Henry Paul (musician)|Henry Paul Band]], and Funky Communication Committee. There was also a demonstration by the Budweiser Hot Air Balloon. On Saturday, concerts included [[Sister Sledge]], [[Nantucket (band)|Nantucket]] and [[Wet Willie]]. Saturday also was the Pocono 500 drivers meeting, hot air balloon demonstrations, and a custom van competition.<ref name="Pocono Raceway Announced Pickwick"/>

==Controversy==
The race was sanctioned by [[United States Auto Club|USAC]], and was part of the [[1979 USAC Championship Car season|1979 USAC National Championship]]. Many of the top teams in open-wheel racing were part of the inaugural [[1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series]]. The Pocono 500 was a major aspect of the first [[American Championship car racing|open-wheel]] "split".

In late 1978, the [[Championship Auto Racing Teams|CART]] series was formed as a collective of race teams who formed a sanctioning body to address problems they faced in auto racing, ones they felt were ignored by USAC. While some events switched allegiance to CART, the [[Triple Crown (IndyCar)|Triple Crown]] of 500 mile races comprising Indianapolis, Pocono, and Ontario maintained loyalty to USAC.

On April 19, the USAC board of directors voted unanimously to reject the entries for the [[1979 Indianapolis 500]] of six key teams: [[Penske Racing|Penske]], [[Patrick Racing|Patrick]], [[McLaren]], [[Fletcher Racing|Fletcher]], [[Chaparral Cars|Chaparral]], and [[All American Racers|Gurney]]. These six teams (19 cars) were alleged to be "harmful to racing" and "not in good standing with USAC."<ref name="1996 Hungness">{{cite book|last=Hungness|first=Carl |title=1996 Indianapolis 500 Yearbook |publisher=Carl Hungness Publishing |volume=24|year=1996 |edition=1st |isbn =0-915088-76-2}}</ref> USAC sent the owners a telegram informing them of the situation while they were participating in the CART race at [[Atlanta Motor Speedway|Atlanta]], the [[1979 Gould Twin Dixie 125|Gould Twin Dixie 125s]].<ref name="Miller 5-6-09">{{cite news|url=http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/indycar-cart-usac-memories-indy-1979/|title=INDYCAR: CART/USAC Memories – Indy 1979|publisher=[[Speed (TV channel)|Speed]]|work=Indycar|first=Robin|last=Miller|author-link=Robin Miller (journalist)|date=2009-05-06|access-date=2011-12-16|archive-date=2012-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613010359/http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/indycar-cart-usac-memories-indy-1979/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On April 26, the "rejected six" teams filed suit in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana|U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana]], requesting an [[injunction]] to allow the teams to compete in the 1979 Indy 500. They cited [[Competition law|antitrust]] and [[restraint of trade]].<ref name="1996 Hungness" /> On May 5, [[United States federal judge|judge]] [[James Ellsworth Noland]] issued the injunction, but restrained the teams from disrupting or interfering with the running of the event. Rick Mears won the Indianapolis 500 for Team Penske.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rick Mears Wins 63d '500'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11434528/|first=Robin|last=Miller|author-link=Robin Miller (journalist)|newspaper=The Indianapolis Star|page=1|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=May 28, 1979|access-date=June 2, 2017}}{{Open access}}</ref>

On June 1, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway declared that the 1980 Indianapolis 500 would be invitation only. In order to receive an automatic invitation, teams would have to run at Pocono on June 24 and Ontario on September 2. The move also protected the Speedway legally from disallowing entries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14382921/1980-indy-500-invitational/ |work=Indianapolis Star |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=1980 500 By Invitation Only |date=June 2, 1979 |page=1}}</ref>

CART declared they would boycott all remaining races sanctioned by USAC. They openly suggested they could run a 500 kilometer race at [[Trenton Speedway]] on the same day as Pocono and would honor Pocono tickets. On June 11, CART dropped those plans "in a good faith move in the best interest of auto racing."
<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38700649/the-indianapolis-news/ |work=Indianapolis News |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=CART Seeks Treaty OK From USAC |date=June 12, 1979 |page=23}}</ref>

Only one CART driver, [[Danny Ongais]], ignored the boycott and entered the Pocono 500. Ongais's sponsor, Panasonic, insisted that he enter the Pocono 500 saying they needed the New York area exposure and that they needed to be part of Pocono's week of music concerts leading up to the 500.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ibb.co/XFGv1Hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509182806/https://ibb.co/XFGv1Hk |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |work=The Republic |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=USAC-CART Feud Near End? Ongais may Hold the Key |date=June 12, 1979 |page=15}}</ref>

Pocono had a small entry list with nowhere near the number of cars to fill the 33-car starting grid. Knowing that the last place finisher was guaranteed at least $3,500, many teams rushed to find old Indy cars to enter in the race. [[Roger Rager]] entered a 1968 Eagle. [[Frank Weiss]] entered a 1970 Manta. [[Al Loquasto]] drove a 1971 McLaren. This led some to joke that the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum]] would be closed while their classic inventory was raced at Pocono.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eN4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5877%2C503661 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Nobody Loses at Music 500 |date=June 21, 1979 |page=47}}</ref>

==Practice==
Practice began on Tuesday with Danny Ongais fastest at 178.006 mph.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97756501/kent-waldrep-and-bob-hurt-disappointed/ |work=Fort Worth Star Telegram |location=Texas |agency=Associated Press |title=Headlines: auto racing |date=June 20, 1979 |page=35}}</ref>

In Thursday practice, Jerry Sneva suffered an engine failure and spun wildly down the frontstretch.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ibb.co/ZSVYHGP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509182933/https://ibb.co/ZSVYHGP |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=USAC-CART Fued Near End? Ongais may Hold the Key |date=June 22, 1979 |page=17}}</ref> His car was withdrawn from the race.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.champcarstats.com/races/1979u05.htm |title = 1979 Music 500 Results}}</ref>

==Time Trials==
On Thursday, qualifying was set by a two-lap average time trial. Danny Ongais set the pace early with an average 182.315 mph. Later, [[A. J. Foyt]] surpassed Ongais to take the pole with a speed of 182.334 mph. Johnny Parsons was the third fastest at 179.104 mph. [[Janet Guthrie]] qualified fourth at 179.051 mph, the best starting spot of her career.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e94hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6079%2C2114203 |work=Reading Eagle Chronicle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Foyt Ongais Sit Atop Short Field |date=June 24, 1979 |page=75}}</ref><ref name="Reading Eagle">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ed4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2839%2C901634 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Slow First Lap Costly as Ongais Misses Pole |date=June 22, 1979 |page=25}}</ref>

23 cars qualified for the race on day 1. [[Jerry Karl]] was the slowest with a speed of 128.251 mph, 54 mph slower than A.J. Foyt's pole speed.<ref name="Reading Eagle"/>

Only two cars made qualifying attempts on Friday. After Jerry Karl's crew discovered a mechanical problem, he requalified at 172.463 mph and retained his 23rd starting spot. Jerry Sneva was hired to drive Wayne Woodward's car and qualified 169.030 mph. As a day two qualifier, he started 24th. [[Eldon Rasmussen|Eldon Rasmussen's]] car did not arrive in time to qualify, but with a short field, he was allowed to start the race without posting a qualifying speed.<ref name="Reading Eagle Chronicle">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=et4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5715%2C1195146 |work=Reading Eagle Chronicle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Foyt's Oil Pressure Sour Note for Pocono Music |date=June 23, 1979 |page=10}}</ref>

==Race==
With 25 cars starting the race, it was the smallest field for a 500-mile Indy car race since 22 cars started the [[1925 Indianapolis 500]].<ref name="Reading Eagle Chronicle"/>

On the pace laps before the start of the race, dozens of spectators ran to the edge of the track in turn one. The cars were brought back onto pit road and the green flag was delayed by 30 minutes while the spectators were returned to the infield.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nGEsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z84EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2219%2C5153492 |work=Herald Journal |location=South Carolina |agency=Associated Press |title=Foyt Wins Handily at Pocono |date=June 25, 1979 |page=B1}}</ref> [[George Snider|George Snider's]] car suffered a cracked engine block after the pace laps and was unable to restart the race.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.champcarstats.com/races/1979u05.htm |title = 1979 Music 500 Results}}</ref>

Starting from the middle of the front row, Danny Ongais took the lead at the start and led the first 12 laps. [[Johnny Parsons]] took the lead on lap 13 and held it for five laps before Ongais repassed him. The first caution came out on lap 19 when the AMC engine of Bob Harkey expired.<ref name="AJ Displays Winning Way Again">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34928461/the-indianapolis-star/ |work=Indianapolis Star |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=AJ Displays Winning Way Again |date=June 25, 1979 |page=22}}</ref>

Johnny Parsons fell out with a burned piston after 35 laps. [[Roger McCluskey]] led multiple laps in an Indy car race for the first time since his 1973 championship season when he led six laps.

Eldon Rasmussen crashed badly on lap 75 when his rear wing fell off at the end of the frontstretch and he hit the turn one wall nearly head-on. Rasmussen was knocked unconscious and suffered a concussion, broken right leg, and broken ribs. Rasmussen was hospitalized for three weeks and never again competed in an Indy car race.<ref name="AJ Displays Winning Way Again"/>

The race evolved into a three-car battle between Foyt, Ongais, and [[Larry Dickson]]. Dickson was driving the same chassis that [[Tom Sneva]] was driving when he won the 1977 Pocono 500.<ref name="news.google.com">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fN4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5113%2C3179306 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Foyt Scores Record Third Win at Pocono |date=June 25, 1979 |page=23}}</ref> Dickson repeated his strong run from 1978 and led 19 laps around halfway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1979_Music_500_Presented_by_Musicland_And_Sam_Goody/UO/ |title = 1979 Music 500 Results - Racing-Reference}}</ref>

Roger McCluskey fell out of the race in an unusual manner on lap 102. The rear bulkhead on his car separated, which caused the left sidepod to rub the left-rear tire. The tire eventually blew which caused a spin in turn three.<ref name="AJ Displays Winning Way Again"/>

AJ Foyt retook the lead on lap 114, followed by Danny Ongais. Foyt led for the next 23 laps before a pit decision cost him the lead. Under green flag pit stops, Foyt's crew added fuel only, while Ongais's team also changed tires. Ongais was able to pass Foyt and extend his lead to 18 seconds. While leading on lap 148, Ongais suffered an engine failure and finished 12th.

Upon Ongais's retirement, Foyt inherited a six-second lead over Larry Dickson. On lap 161, Dickson ran out of fuel and it took the crew 42 seconds to restart him. That gave Foyt a one lap lead over second.

The caution flag came out on lap 167 when two spectators ran across the track in turn one.

While running third with 15 laps remaining, Gary Bettenhausen blew an engine in turn three and spun in the oil to bring out the seventh caution of the day.<ref name="news.google.com"/>

With three laps remaining, second place runner Larry Dickson entered the pits with a fuel pickup problem. Jim McElreath passed Dickson for second. Foyt led the final 53 laps and beat McElreath by two laps. It was Foyt's third Pocono 500 win and he earned $78,562.<ref name="AJ Displays Winning Way Again"/>

With crowd estimates in 1978 around 110,000, a lack of CART drivers and poor weather kept spectators away in 1979. Due to the [[1979 oil crisis]], gas shortages in the Pennsylvania area also kept spectators from driving to the track. Estimates ranged from 35,000 to 50,000 spectators on hand.<ref name="news.google.com"/>

==Box score==
{|class="wikitable"
!Finish
!Grid
!{{Tooltip|No|Car number}}
!Name
!Entrant
!Chassis
!Engine
!Laps
!Time/Status
!{{Tooltip|Led|Laps led}}
!Points
|-
! 1
| 1
| 14
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[A. J. Foyt]]
| [[A. J. Foyt Enterprises]]
| [[Parnelli VPJ6|Parnelli VPJ6C]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 200
| 3:42:13.780
| 128
| 1000
|-
! 2
| 13
| 26
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim McElreath]]
| McElreath Racing
| [[All American Racers|Eagle]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 198
| Flagged
| 0
| 800
|-
! 3
| 6
| 80
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Larry Dickson]]
| RP Racing
| [[Penske PC-6]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 197
| Out of fuel
| 19
| 700
|-
! 4
| 24
| 81
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jerry Sneva]]
| Shade Tree Racing
| [[All American Racers|Eagle]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 192
| Flagged
| 0
| 600
|-
! 5
| 14
| 17
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dick Simon]]
| Vollstedt Enterprises
| Vollstedt
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 191
| Flagged
| 0
| 500
|-
! 6
| 19
| 22
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bill Vukovich II]]
| Leader Card Racers
| [[A. J. Watson|Watson]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 190
| Flagged
| 0
| 400
|-
! 7
| 7
| 46
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Howdy Holmes]]
| Armstrong Mould Racing Team
| Wildcat Mk2
| DGS
| 190
| Flagged
| 1
| 300
|-
! 8
| 5
| 43
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Bigelow]]
| Armstrong Mould Racing Team
| [[Lola T500|Lola T500B]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 184
| Radiator
| 1
| 250
|-
! 9
| 12
| 98
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Gary Bettenhausen]]
| [[J. C. Agajanian]]
| King
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 181
| Engine
| 0
| 200
|-
! 10
| 20
| 86
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Al Loquasto]]
| Robert LaWarre
| [[McLaren M16|McLaren M16C]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 160
| Flagged
| 0
| 150
|-
! 11
| 11
| 29
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Cliff Hucul]]
| Hucul Racing
| [[McLaren M16|McLaren M16C]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 158
| Piston
| 0
| 100
|-
! 12
| 2
| 25
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Danny Ongais]]
| [[Interscope Racing]]
| [[Parnelli VPJ6|Parnelli VPJ6B]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 148
| Engine
| 40
| 0
|-
! 13
| 22
| 60
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Bettenhausen Jr.]]
| Robert LaWarre
| [[All American Racers|Eagle]]
| [[Chevrolet]]
| 120
| Transaxle
| 0
| 25
|-
! 14
| 10
| 44
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Roger McCluskey]]
| Armstrong Mould Racing Team
| [[Lola T500|Lola T500B]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 102
| Rear bulkhead
| 6
| 25
|-
! 15
| 9
| 24
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sheldon Kinser]]
| Leader Card Racers
| [[A. J. Watson|Watson]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 100
| Engine
| 0
| 25
|-
! 16
| 15
| 97
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Threshie]]
| Grant King Racers
| King
| [[Chevrolet]]
| 85
| Engine
| 0
| 25
|-
! 17
| 23
| 38
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jerry Karl]]
| William Compton
| [[McLaren M16|McLaren M16C]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 84
| Spun out
| 0
| 20
|-
! 18
| 8
| 20
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Martin (American racing driver)|John Martin]]
| Scientific Drilling Controls Racing
| [[McLaren]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 67
| Piston
| 0
| 20
|-
! 19
| 4
| 45
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Janet Guthrie]]
| Armstrong Mould Racing Team
| [[Lola T500|Lola T500B]]
| [[Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine|Cosworth DFX]]
| 67
| Clutch
| 0
| 20
|-
! 20
| 25
| 58
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eldon Rasmussen]]
| Rasmussen Racing
| Rascar
| [[Chevrolet]]
| 58
| Crash
| 0
| 20
|-
! 21
| 3
| 15
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Johnny Parsons]]
| [[Lindsey Hopkins Jr.|Lindsey Hopkins Racing]]
| Lightning
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 35
| Piston
| 5
| 15
|-
! 22
| 16
| 30
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dana Carter]]
| Thunder Racing
| [[McLaren M16|McLaren M16C]]
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 27
| Engine block
| 0
| 15
|-
! 23
| 18
| 50
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Frank Weiss]]
| Intercomp Racing
| Manta
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 18
| Header
| 0
| 15
|-
! 24
| 21
| 27
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bob Harkey]]
| Vollstedt Enterprises
| Vollstedt
| [[AMC V8 engine|AMC]]
| 16
| Engine
| 0
| 15
|-
! 25
| 17
| 51
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[George Snider]]
| [[Lindsey Hopkins Jr.|Lindesy Hopkins Racing]]
| Lightning
| [[Offenhauser]]
| 0
| Engine block
| 0
| 10
|-
! colspan=11| Source:<ref>[https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1979_Music_500_Presented_by_Musicland_And_Sam_Goody/UO/ 1979 Music 500 Presented by Musicland & Sam Goody]</ref><ref>[https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1979-pocono-500/ 1979 Pocono 500 - Round 5]</ref>
|}

==Aftermath==
Danny Ongais was fined $5,000 by CART for disobeying the CART boycott.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ibb.co/jbwgd5s |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509175849/https://ibb.co/jbwgd5s |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |work=Indianapolis News |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=Foyt: Won't Race at Ontario |date=July 5, 1979 |page=29}}</ref>

Eight days after the Pocono 500, [[Ontario Motor Speedway]] changed their sanctioning for [[1979 California 500|September's California 500]] from USAC to CART.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101579435/the-indianapolis-star/ |work=Indianapolis Star |location=Indiana |agency=Associated Press |title=Ontario Hitches Ride on CART |date=July 3, 1979 |page=23}}</ref>

On August 30, Pocono Raceway filed an antitrust lawsuit against CART seeking $6.3 million in damages. The resulting boycott caused the normal crowd of near 125,000 spectators to be cut in half and caused the track to lose $2 million. With antitrust lawsuits, damages are tripled to arrive at the $6.3 million figure. In addition to CART, other defendants in the suit were [[Team Penske]], [[Roger Penske]], [[Patrick Racing]], [[Pat Patrick (auto racing)|U.E. "Pat" Patrick]], and Gould Inc.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dpUtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3138%2C6720657 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=CART Sued by Pocono |date=August 31, 1979 |page=26}}</ref> After a similar boycott in 1981, the lawsuit was increased to $9 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=198hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OaIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4910%2C5683016 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Pocono Names CART, Penske in Suit |date=July 10, 1981 |page=17}}</ref> The suit was settled in early 1982.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LRwxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5-MFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4101%2C1201208 |work=Reading Eagle |location=Pennsylvania |agency=Associated Press |title=Pocono Gets CART 500 |date=May 2, 1982 |page=87}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Pocono 500]]
[[Category:1979 USAC Championship Car season|Pocono 500]]
[[Category:1979 in sports in Pennsylvania|Pocono 500]]
[[Category:American open-wheel car racing controversies|Pocono 500]]

Pratap P. Nair

2026-02-10T02:31:48Z

Greensobhacondo: page updated

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pratap P Nair
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Trivandrum]]
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]
| yearsactive = 2002- present
| alma_mater = [[Film and Television Institute of India]], Pune
| parents = G. Prabhakaran Nair & Sambhavi Devi
| spouse =
| awards =
}}

'''Pratap. P. Nair''' born in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] the capital city of [[Kerala]], Pratap is a [[cinematographer]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Life-in-all-its-paradoxes/article16444241.ece |title=Life in all its paradoxes |work=The Hindu|date=12 November 2016 |accessdate=2020-01-18}}</ref> based in [[Kerala]]. Pratap attended [[Film and Television Institute of India]], [[Pune]] and graduated in the year 2004. After graduating from FTII, Pratap moved to [[Mumbai]] to pursue a career in cinematography. He is best known for films like [[Mundrothuruth (film)|Mundrothuruth]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/on-pa-manus-munroe-thuruthu/article8304567.ece |title=On P.A. Manu's 'Munroe Thuruthu' |work=The Hindu|date=2016-03-03 |accessdate=2020-01-18}}</ref> [[August Club]] and [[Reti (film)|Reti]]. He worked in film production jobs in Mumbai, Hyderabad and Chennai, including associate cameraman, Camera Assistant and Camera Operator.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviebuff.com/prathap-p-nair |title=Prathap P Nair on Moviebuff.com |website=www.moviebuff.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003125355/http://www.moviebuff.com/prathap-p-nair |archive-date=3 October 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
A few among his various other achievements and recognition's are National award, non feature section in the year 2002, UGC national award for best documentary direction in 2005, film critics award (television) 2012.<ref>{{cite web|author=Thursday, March 22, 2018 - 14:37 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/powerful-malayalam-short-film-shows-aftermath-senseless-political-attacks-78325 |title=This powerful Malayalam short film shows the aftermath of senseless political attacks |publisher=The News Minute |date=2018-03-22 |accessdate=2020-01-18}}</ref> Pratap has worked as Director of Photography for many Malayalam films and five Marathi films. Pratap has to his credit, more than fifty documentaries, short films and TV commercials and continues to work as a Director of Photography splitting his time between Mumbai, Kolkata and Trivandrum.<ref name="thenewsminute1">{{cite web|author=Sunday, June 10, 2018 - 19:37 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/short-film-director-and-social-activist-indira-zen-passes-away-she-was-54-82807 |title=Short-film director and social activist Indira Zen passes away, she was 54 |publisher=The News Minute |date=2018-06-10 |accessdate=2020-01-18}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Language
|-
| 2007 || ''Kaliyorukkam'' || S Sunil || Malayalam
|-
| 2009 || '' Natch tuchaz lagin hai '' || Milind Shinde || Marathi
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Bhakthajanangalude Sradhakku]]'' || [[Priyanandanan]]|| Malayalam
|-
| 2011 || Gulam bhegam badsha || Raju firke|| Marathi
|-
| 2012 || ''[[August Club]]'' || [[K. B. Venu]] || Malayalam
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Mundrothuruth (film)|Mundrothuruth]]'' || Manu || Malayalam
|-
| 2016 || ''Reti '' || Suhas Bhosle || Marathi
|-
| 2017 || Re Raya || Milind shinde || Marathi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/re-raya/movie-review/65068448.cms |title=Re Raya Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Re Raya by Times of India |work=The Times of India|date=2018-07-20 |accessdate=2020-01-18}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || '' Idam'' || Jaya Jose Raj|| Malayalam
|-
| 2019 || '' [[Kenjira]] '' || Manoj Kana|| Malayalam
|-
| 2021 || '' Aa Mukham '' || Abhilash Purushothaman || Malayalam
|-
| 2022 || '' Khedda '' || Manoj Kana || Malayalam
|-
| 2022 || '' Station 5 '' || Prashant kanathur|| Malayalam
|-
| 2025 || '' Fado '' || [[Sreevalsan J. Menon]] || Malayalam
|}

===Short films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Language
|-
| 2018 || Catharsis (Silencing Revelations) || Indira Zen || Malayalam<ref name="thenewsminute1"/>
|-
| 2017 || Oru raathriyude kooli || [[Madhupal]] || Malayalam
|-
| 2013 || Oru yathrayil|| [[Priyanandanan]] || Malayalam
|-
| 2012 || Manjupole|| Prasanth Kanathur || Malayalam
|-
| 2010 || Aval || Prasanth Kanathur || Malayalam
|}

==Awards==
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for ''Idam and Kenjira (2018 film)|Idam and Kenjira'' in the year 2019.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm4219392}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratap, Nair}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sitaram Yechury

2026-02-02T16:00:23Z

Greensobhacondo: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|Indian politician (1952–2024)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sitaram Yechury
| image = Sitaram Yechury, 2013.jpg
| caption = Yechury in 2013
| office = [[General Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start = 19 April 2015
| term_end = 12 September 2024
| predecessor = [[Prakash Karat]]
| successor = [[M. A. Baby]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start1 = 10 January 1992
| term_end1 = 12 September 2024
| office2 = [[Indian Parliament|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 19 August 2005
| term_end2 = 18 August 2017
| predecessor2 = [[Abani Roy]]
| successor2 = [[Shanta Chhetri]]
| constituency2 = [[West Bengal]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|8|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]], India {{small|(present-day [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|9|12|1952|8|12|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| spouse = Indrani Mazumdar [[Seema Chishti]]
| relations = [[Mohan Kanda]] (maternal uncle)
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
}}
{{Indcom}}

'''Sitaram Yechury''' (12 August 1952 – 12 September 2024) was an Indian [[Marxism|Marxist]] politician and the General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], who was a member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo of the CPI(M)]] from 1992 until his death in September 2024. Previously, he was a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]], [[West Bengal]], from 2005 to 2017.

He was married to Seema Chishti, founding editor of news publication [[The Wire (India)|The Wire]].

==Early life==

Yechury was born on 12 August 1952 into a [[Telugu Brahmin]] family in [[Madras]].<ref name=SRY1>{{cite news|title=Sitaram Yechury: Suave, Soft-Spoken and Dynamic|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sitaram-yechury-suave-soft-spoken-and-dynamic-756280|access-date=19 April 2015|agency=NDTV|date=19 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=Who was Sitaram Yechury? From political career, education to family, here's all you should know about the Chanakya of coalition politics |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/who-was-sitaram-yechury-from-political-career-education-to-family-heres-all-you-should-know-about-the-chanakya-of-coalition-politics/articleshow/113293528.cms?from=mdr |access-date=15 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> His father Sarveswara Somayajula Yechury and mother Kalpakam Yechury were natives of [[Kakinada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. His father was an engineer in the [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]].<ref name=SSYechury>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2011 |title=S.S. Yechury memorial office building opened |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ss-yechury-memorial-office-building-opened/article2291622.ece |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His mother was a government officer and lived in Kakinada till her death in 2021.<ref name="Mukul">{{Cite news |last=Mukul |first=Akshaya |date=20 April 2015 |title=1969 Telangana agitation brought Sitaram Yechury to Delhi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/1969-telangana-agitation-brought-sitaram-yechury-to-delhi/articleshow/46984164.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Yechury grew up in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], and studied at the [[All Saints High School (Hyderabad)|All Saints High School, Hyderabad]], till his tenth standard.<ref>{{cite news |first=K. |last=Venkateshwarlu |date=19 November 2005 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/10/stories/2005111017220200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520231435/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/10/stories/2005111017220200.htm |archive-date=20 May 2010|title=All Saints High School in select group |work=The Hindu |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[1969 Telangana Agitation|Telangana agitation of 1969]] brought him to Delhi.<ref name=Mukul/> He joined Presidents Estate School, [[New Delhi]], and achieved the All-India first rank in the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] Higher Secondary Examination.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cpim.org/content/sitaram-yechury | title=Sitaram Yechury | date=28 August 2009 }}</ref> Subsequently, he studied B.A. (Hons.) in Economics at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=1989|title=Detailed Profile – Shri Sitaram Yechury – Members of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India|work=india.gov.in}}</ref> and M.A. in Economics, from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), achieving first class in both. He joined the JNU for a Ph.D. in Economics,<ref name="Biography of Sitaram Yechuri">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2011 |title=Biography of Sitaram Yechuri |url=http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/sitaram-yechuri.html |website=winentrance.com |access-date=30 November 2014 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716060004/http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/sitaram-yechuri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was aborted with his arrest during [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=Comrade Yechury, an idealist who smiled, fought and survived the darkest times – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/obituary/obituary-comrade-sitaram-yechuri-a-man-of-revolution-and-a-song-saira-shah-halim-19475317.htm |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Yechury joined the [[Students' Federation of India]] (SFI) in 1974. A year later, he joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sitaram Yechury passes away |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/english/news/national/sitaram-yechury-passes-away/9170 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=Deshabhimani |language=en}}</ref>

Yechury was arrested in 1975 during [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] while he was still a student at JNU. He went underground for some time, organising resistance to the Emergency, before his arrest. After the Emergency, he was elected as the President of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union|JNU Students' Union]] thrice during one year (1977–78).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cpim.org/content/sitaram-yechury|title=Sitaram Yechury – Communist Party of India|website=Communist Party of India|access-date=20 September 2019|date=28 August 2009}}</ref> Yechury, along with [[Prakash Karat]], created a leftist unit at JNU.<ref name=Pillai/>

In 1978, Yechury was elected as All-India Joint Secretary of SFI, and went on to become the All India President of SFI. He was the first president of SFI who was not from Kerala or Bengal.<ref name=Mukul/> In 1984, he was elected to the Central Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. In 1985, the party constitution was modified, and a five-man central secretariat—Yechury, [[Prakash Karat]], [[Sunil Maitra|Sunil Moitra]], [[P. Ramachandran]] and [[S. Ramachandran Pillai]]—was elected to work under the direction and control of the politburo.<ref name="Pillai">{{Cite web |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |date=31 January 1989 |title=13th party congress of CPI(M) in Trivandrum one of the most significant in its history |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890131-13th-party-congress-of-cpim-in-trivandrum-one-of-the-most-significant-in-its-history-815722-1989-01-30 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He left the SFI in 1986. He was then elected to the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo]] at the Fourteenth Congress in 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1 |title=Party Congress |publisher=Cpimkerala.org |access-date=23 April 2015 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025112604/https://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and as the fifth General Secretary of CPI(M) at the party's 21st party Congress in [[Visakhapatnam]] on 19 April 2015. He and politburo member [[S. Ramachandran Pillai]] were the frontrunners for the post but the former was unanimously chosen after Pillai chose to withdraw.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshua|first=Anita|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/yechury-set-to-become-next-cpim-general-secretary/article7118990.ece|title=Yechury is new CPI(M) chief|date=19 April 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 February 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He succeeded [[Prakash Karat]], who had held the post for three consecutive terms, from 2005 to 2015. He was again re-elected as General Secretary of CPI(M) at the 22nd Party Congress held at Hyderabad in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/apr/22/sitaram-yechury-re-elected-as-cpim-general-secretary-1804905.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429143335/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/apr/22/sitaram-yechury-re-elected-as-cpim-general-secretary-1804905.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 April 2018 |title = Sitaram Yechury re-elected as CPI(M) general secretary}}</ref> He was elected for a third term as General Secretary of CPI(M) at the 23rd Party Congress held at [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]] in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yechury re-elected CPI(M) general secretary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/yechury-re-elected-cpim-general-secretary/article65309045.ece/ |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204155813/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/yechury-re-elected-cpim-general-secretary/article65309045.ece/amp/ |archive-date=4 February 2023 |language=en-IN |date=10 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Yechury was considered to uphold the coalition-building legacy of former general secretary [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]. He worked with [[P. Chidambaram]] to draft the [[common minimum programme|common minimum program]] for the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] government in 1996 and had actively pursued the coalition-building process during the formation of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] government in 2004 and [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] in 2023.<ref name="Ramachandran">{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Rajesh |date=20 April 2015 |title=Sitaram Yechury: A fine combination of pleasant personality, interpersonal skills & flair for negotiation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sitaram-yechury-a-fine-combination-of-pleasant-personality-interpersonal-skills-flair-for-negotiation/articleshow/46981752.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name="Joshua">{{Cite news |first=Anita |last=Joshua |date=19 April 2015 |title=Yechury has an unenviable task on hand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Yechury-has-an-unenviable-task-on-hand/article60329405.ece |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Yechury headed the party's international department, and the party used to depute him as fraternal delegate to the party conferences of most socialist countries.<ref name="WireMahaprashastaLegacy24">{{Cite web |first=Ajoy Ashirwad |last=Mahaprashasta |title=A Fighter and a Thinker, Sitaram Yechury Leaves Behind a Towering Legacy |url=https://thewire.in/politics/remembering-sitaram-yechury-communist-cpim-leader |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> A prolific writer, he authored many books and wrote the fortnightly column ''Left Hand Drive'' for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', a widely circulated daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=3b5fdfc7-66bb-428e-8948-e312d3dacba0Nucleardealimbroglio_Special&MatchID1=4574&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1147&PrimaryID=4574&Headline=N-deal+a+threat+to+sovereignty%3a+Yechury |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125144653/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=3b5fdfc7-66bb-428e-8948-e312d3dacba0Nucleardealimbroglio_Special&MatchID1=4574&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1147&PrimaryID=4574&Headline=N-deal+a+threat+to+sovereignty:+Yechury|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|work=Hindustan Times|title=Latest News, India, Cricket, Sports, Bollywood}}</ref> He edited party's fortnightly newspaper ''[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]'' for 20 years.<ref name=PTI>{{cite web |first=Saubhadra |last=Chatterji |date=19 April 2015 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sitaram-yechury-s-journey-from-an-activist-to-cpi-m-general-secretary/story-MhfGHIZqXbenWkhXUK3BtM.html |title=From an activist to CPI-M general secretary: Sitaram Yechury's journey |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>

===Role in Rajya Sabha===
[[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari giving away the Lokmat Parliamentary Award 2017 to the Member of Parliament (RS), Shri Sitaram Yechury, in New Delhi (1).jpg|thumb|left|Yechury receiving Best Parliamentarian Award ([[Rajya Sabha]]) in 2017]]

Yechury was elected to [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[West Bengal]] in July 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/23/stories/2005082306871200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214042002/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/23/stories/2005082306871200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=National : Yechury, Brinda Karat take oath|date=23 August 2005}}</ref> He was known for bringing several popular issues to the notice of parliament and for raising questions on important issues. On blaming by the ruling party for frequent disruptions in parliament, he said that government cannot escape from its responsibility by blaming the opposition for frequent disruptions. He justified disruptions in parliament by calling it a legitimate process in a democracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-08/news/57838285_1_parliament-disruptions-sitaram-yechury-opposition-parties|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403015519/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-08/news/57838285_1_parliament-disruptions-sitaram-yechury-opposition-parties|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2015|title=Government can't blame Opposition for bedlam in Parliament: Sitaram Yechury|work=timesofindia-economictimes}}</ref>

During the negotiations for the [[Indo-US Nuclear Pact]], Yechury listed in the Rajya Sabha all the conditions that the CPM required of the agreement. After the [[Manmohan Singh]] government satisfied all the conditions, he was overruled by [[Prakash Karat]], who claimed that the agreement still violated the CPM's idea of independent foreign policy. It was said that this left Yechury "displeased and helpless".<ref>{{cite book |last=Baru |first=Sanjaya |author-link=Sanjaya Baru |title=The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh |publisher=Penguin India |year=2014 |isbn=9789351186380 |pages=226–227|title-link=The Accidental Prime Minister }}</ref>

[[File:Comrade Sitaram Yechury.jpg|thumb|left|Comrade [[Sitaram Yechury]], Charcoal on Paper by ˞[[Amitabh Mitra]]]]

On 3 March 2015 during parliament session, Yechury moved an amendment to President [[Pranab Mukherjee]]'s address on the inaugural day of Parliament's budget session. This was passed by division of votes in [[Rajya Sabha]], and it was an embarrassment to the Modi government. Parliamentary affairs minister [[Venkaiah Naidu]] stated that Yechury's concern had been noted and requested him to not go ahead with the amendment as this was not a convention. Yechury said normally he would accept such a request, but he was pressing for the amendment as the government left no choice as even after 14 hours of debate, opposition was denied opportunity to seek clarification on the Prime Minister's reply. This was the fourth time in Rajya Sabha's history that an amendment moved by the opposition to the motion of thanks to the President's address had been passed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/opposition-gets-amendment-passed-in-rajya-sabha-embarrassing-government/article6955737.ece|title=Opposition gets amendment passed in Rajya Sabha embarrassing government|date=3 March 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 February 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/president-speech-rajya-sabha-amends-modi-government-242875-2015-03-03|title=Embarrassment for Modi: Rajya Sabha amends note on President's speech|work=intoday.in|date=3 March 2015 }}</ref>

===Views on United States===
Yechury was a staunch critic of US foreign policy. He also criticised the visit of the US president [[Barack Obama]] as the chief guest of the 2015 [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade.<ref name=Zeenews>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/india/yechury-criticises-govt-for-inviting-obama-on-republic-day_1530033.html|title=Yechury criticises govt for inviting Obama on Republic Day|work=Zee News|date=14 January 2015}}</ref>
While blaming the US for rise of Islamic fundamentalism, he said

{{Quote|US military interventions in West Asia have created a situation of complete uncertainty. The military interventions have always given birth to the rise of fundamentalism, which we see today in the menace that has been created by the ISIS. They have given birth to such tendencies.<ref name=Zeenews/>}}

He also blamed the US for its hegemonic attitude; he said

{{Quote|Now, in their (US) quest for global hegemony, they are trying to capture the energy resources in the world. They are trying to control the entire process of the energy transfers or trade in the world. And for this reason, their military interventions has also continuing to deny the Palestinians their legitimate right to a homeland.<ref name="Zeenews" />}}

He was also a staunch critic of [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|abrogation of article 370 and 35A]] in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sitaram-yechury-sees-a-fascistic-project-in-kashmir/article29225607.ece |title = Sitaram Yechury sees a fascistic project in Kashmir|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 23 August 2019}}</ref>

On 12 September 2020, he along with [[Yogendra Yadav]] and others was named in the supplementary chargesheet by [[Delhi Police]] for their alleged role in the [[2020 Delhi riots]]<ref>{{Cite web |title='Politics of BJP's Leadership': Yechury, Others Hit Out at Riots Probe, Delhi Police Responds |url=https://thewire.in/rights/delhi-police-riots-sitaram-yechury |access-date=13 September 2020 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=12 September 2020 |title=Police link Sitaram Yechury, Yogendra Yadav to Delhi riots |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/police-link-sitaram-yechury-yogendra-yadav-to-delhi-riots/article32590263.ece |access-date=13 September 2020 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> over which Yechury responded that [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] was misusing its power to target the opposition.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=13 September 2020 |title=BJP misusing power to target Opposition: Sitaram Yechury hits out at Centre over Delhi riots chargesheet |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-misusing-power-target-opposition-sitaram-yechury-hits-out-centre-delhi-riots-chargesheet-1721317-2020-09-13 |access-date=13 September 2020 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Yechury also supported the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|1989 Tiananmen Square massacre]], claiming the students were "CIA stooges and bourgeois delinquents." He also gave a speech in JNU in support of the Chinese government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=StoriesAsia |title=Watching the Tiananmen Massacre From Delhi |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/watching-the-tiananmen-massacre-from-delhi/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Opinion: Opinion {{!}} Sitaram Yechury: Memories From My JNU Days |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/sitaram-yechury-whose-communism-wasnt-stuck-in-the-past-6555287 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429045924/https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/sitaram-yechury-whose-communism-wasnt-stuck-in-the-past-6555287 |archive-date=2025-04-29 |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2020 |title=When Yechury defended the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre as JNU student |work=The Free Press Journal |pages=6}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Yechury's first marriage was with Indrani Mazumdar, the daughter of famous feminist [[Vina Mazumdar]]. They had two children, a daughter named Akhila and a son named Ashish. After divorce he married a journalist [[Seema Chishti]], who is the editor of [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire'']], and formerly the Delhi editor of BBC Hindi Service.<ref name="Wire">{{cite news |date=2 January 2023|title=Seema Chishti Joins The Wire as Editor|url=https://thewire.in/media/seema-chishti-joins-the-wire-as-editor|newspaper=The Wire| access-date= 2 February 2023}}</ref> She was the Resident Editor of ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Delhi. Yechury said in a [[ScoopWhoop]] episode that his wife financially sustained him.<ref>{{Citation|title=Off The Record Ep. 06 ft, Sitaram Yechury, General Secretary, CPI(M)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5URqXwco1E?t=188|pages=3:08|language=en|quote=Luckily my wife [financially] sustains me|access-date=26 December 2021}}</ref> He was married before, to Indrani Mazumdar, daughter of [[Vina Mazumdar]], and has a daughter and a son from this marriage.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Akshay |last=Mukul |date=23 June 2010 |title=Vina Mazumdar, the fighter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Vina-Mazumdar-the-fighter/articleshow/6014253.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His daughter, Akhila Yechury, is a major in history and teaches at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and [[University of St. Andrews]].<ref name="Mukul"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/staff/akhilayechury.html |title=Dr Akhila Yechury: BA (Hons.), MA (Delhi), M.Phil (JNU), PhD (Cantab) |website=University of St. Andrews|access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref> His son Ashish Yechury died on 22 April 2021 due to [[COVID-19]], at the age of 34.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sitaram Yechury's son Ashish dies of Covid-19 in Gurugram hospital – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/sitaram-yechurys-son-dies-of-covid-19-in-gurugram-hospital/articleshow/82191001.cms|access-date=23 April 2021|website=The Times of India|date=22 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> [[Mohan Kanda]] IAS, former Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh, is Yechury's maternal uncle.<ref name="SSYechury" />

== Death ==
Yechury was admitted to the department of emergency medicine at [[AIIMS Delhi]] on 19 August 2024 and was put on respiratory support after his condition turned critical in September, according to a statement by the CPI(M).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sitaram Yechury of CPI(M) 'critical', on respiratory support at AIIMS Delhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sitaram-yechury-of-cpi-m-critical-on-respiratory-support-at-aiims-delhi-101725949761814.html |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=10 September 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=Veteran CPM leader Sitaram Yechury passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/veteran-cpm-leader-sitaram-yechury-passes-away/articleshow/113291264.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He displayed symptoms of a [[pneumonia]]-like chest infection and died on 12 September, at the age of 72, after suffering from an acute respiratory infection.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=Sitaram Yechury: Indian communist leader dies after illness |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cnvy4djelvpo |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="IEPAsses24">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=Sitaram Yechury, CPI(M) general secretary, passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sitaram-yechury-dead-9563945/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |work=Telegraph India |title=Veteran CPI(M) leader Sitaram Yechury passes away at 72: Party and hospital sources |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/veteran-cpim-leader-sitaram-yechury-passes-away-at-72/cid/2047540}}</ref> His body was donated to AIIMS for teaching and research purposes by his family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Left Veteran Sitaram Yechury Dies At 72 After Battling Respiratory Illness |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sitaram-yechury-dies-at-72-after-battling-respiratory-illness-6548707 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=12 September 2024 |title=Sitaram Yechury, CPI(M) general secretary, passes away at 72 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cpim-leader-sitaram-yechury-passes-away/article68633808.ece |access-date=17 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Works==
Yechury authored the following books:

* ''What Is This Hindu Rashtra?: On Golwalkar's Fascistic Ideology and the Saffron Brigade's Practice'' (Frontline Publications, Hyderabad, 1993)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yechury |first=Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csy8XwAACAAJ |title=What is this Hindu Rashtra?: On Golwalkar's Fascistic Ideology and the Saffron Brigade's Practice |date=1993 |publisher=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Pseudo Hinduism Exposed: Saffron Brigade's Myths and Reality'' (Communist Party of India (Marxist), New Delhi, 1993)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yechury |first=Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KWwGwAACAAJ |title=Pseudo Hinduism Exposed: "Saffron Brigade's Myths and Reality" |date=1993 |publisher=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Caste and Class in Indian Politics Today'' (Prajasakti Book House, Hyderabad, 1997)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yechury |first=Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BNuAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste and Class in Indian Politics Today |date=1997 |publisher=Prajasakti Book House |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Oil Pool Deficit Or Cesspool of Deceit'' (Communist Party of India (Marxist), New Delhi, 1997)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yechury |first=Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nv8GgAACAAJ |title=Oil Pool Deficit Or Cesspool of Deceit |date=1997 |publisher=Bhawan |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Socialism in a Changing World'' (Prajasakti Book House, Hyderabad, 2008)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yechury |first=Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua8-QwAACAAJ |title=Socialism in a Changing World |date=2008 |publisher=Prajasakti Book House |language=en}}</ref>
* Left Hand Drive: Concrete Analysis of Concrete Conditions (Prajasakti Book House, Hyderabad, 2012)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yecurī |first=Sītārāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOOOMwEACAAJ |title=Left Hand Drive: Concrete Analysis of Concrete Conditions |date=2012 |publisher=Prajasakti Book House |isbn=978-81-86317-35-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Modi Government: New Surge of Communalism'' (Prajasakti Book House, Hyderabad, 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi Government - New Surge of Communalism |url=https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/21908 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=mayday.leftword.com |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Communalism vs. Secularism''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secularism Versus Communalism |url=https://mayday.leftword.com/secularism-versus-communalism.html |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=mayday.leftword.com |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Ghrina Ki Rajniti'' (Vani Prakashan, New Delhi, 2006) (in Hindi)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghrina Ki Rajniti – Hindi book by – Sitaram Yechuri – घृणा की राजनीति – सीताराम येचुरी |url=https://prayog.pustak.org/index.php/books/bookdetails/14802 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=prayog.pustak.org}}</ref>

Yechury edited the following books:

* ''People's Diary of Freedom Struggle'' (Communist Party of India (Marxist), New Delhi, 2008)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AiOsPgAACAAJ |title=People's Diary of Freedom Struggle |date=2008 |publisher=People's Democracy |isbn=978-81-906218-1-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''The Great Revolt: A Left Appraisal'' (Communist Party of India (Marxist), New Delhi)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yecurī |first=Sītārāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ |title=The Great Revolt: A Left Appraisal |date=2008 |publisher=People's Democracy |isbn=978-81-906218-0-9 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Global Economic Crisis: A Marxist Perspective''<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2011 |title=Anti-Left forces attempt to weaken Left parties, alleges Yechury |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/antileft-forces-attempt-to-weaken-left-parties-alleges-yechury/article2098918.ece |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |quote=Mr. Yechury released another book on Karl Marx and said that the ideas of Marx are being read now to address the problems relating to the global economic crisis.}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sitaram Yechury}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150419053340/http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/SitaramYechury/lid.aspx Yechury's column in ''Hindustan Times'']

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{{Indian general election, 2019|National Parties=[[CPI(M)]](Yechury)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yechury, Sitaram}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:All Saints High School (Hyderabad) alumni]]
[[Category:Anti-Americanism]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:General secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union]]
[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Students' Federation of India All India presidents]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu]]

Murray Hammick

2026-01-29T19:10:38Z

Greensobhacondo: Updated and refined

{{use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Sir Murray Hammick
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| image =
| imagesize =
| order1 = Member of the [[Council of State (India)]]
| term_start1 = 16 August 1915
| term_end1 = 7 November 1921
| governor-general1= [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford|The Viscount Chelmsford]] [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|The Marquess of Reading]]
| order2 = [[Governor of Madras]] (Acting)
| term_start2 = 30 March 1912
| term_end2 = 30 October 1912
| predecessor2 = [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|The Lord Carmichael]]
| successor2 = [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland|The Lord Pentland]]
| governor-general2 = [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst]]
| order3 = Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras
| term_start3 = 1908
| term_end3 = 1912
| governor3 = [[Arthur Lawley, 6th Baron Wenlock|The Lord Wenlock]], [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|The Lord Carmichael]]
| birth_name = Murray Love Hammick
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1854|05|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tavistock]], Devon, England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1936|03|04|1854|05|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[United Kingdom]]
| nationality = British
| party =
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| occupation =
| father = [[Sir St Vincent Hammick, 2nd Baronet]]
| mother = Mary Alexander
| spouse = {{marriage|Ada Constance Searle |11 December 1883||reason=}}
}}

'''Sir Murray Love Hammick''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCSI|CIE}} (11 May 1854{{snd}}4 March 1936) was an Indian civil servant and [[Administrator of the Government|administrator]] who acted as the [[Governor of Madras]] from 30 March 1912 to 30 October 1912.

== Early life ==
Murray Hammick was born on 11 May 1854 to Rev. [[Sir St Vincent Hammick, 2nd Baronet]] and Mary Alexander. Among his siblings were [[Sir St Vincent Hammick, 3rd Baronet]] and the Ven. [[Ernest Austen Hammick]], Archdeacon of [[Durban]] and of [[Zulu Kingdom|Zululand]].<ref name="Mosley2003"/>

His paternal grandparents were [[Sir Stephen Hammick, 1st Baronet]], a noted surgeon and physician, and Frances Turquand (a daughter of London merchant Peter Turquand). His maternal grandparents were Robert Alexander and Grace ({{nee}} Blacker) Alexander.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>

== Career ==
Murray Hammick graduated from the Fell [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]] and joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] after clearing the exams in 1875.<ref name="burmalist">{{cite book|title=The India office and Burma office list|page=517|author= Great Britain. India Office|year=1924}}</ref> He arrived in India on 18 December 1877 and served as Sub Collector in the Madras President and as Assistant Commissioner of [[Coorg]].<ref name="burmalist" /> He served as the Inspector-General of police of Madras from 1894 to 1906 when he was appointed Chief Secretary to the Madras government. In 1908, Hammick was appointed to the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras and served from 1908 to March 1912, when he was chosen to act as the Governor of Madras until the arrival of the governor-designate [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland]] in October 1912.

=== Governor of Madras===
Hammick acted as the Governor of Madras from 30 March 1912 to 30 October 1912.

=== Later career ===
In 1913, Hammick was appointed member of the Royal Commission to inquire into the Civil Services in India. In 1915, Hammick was appointed to the Council of State and served as a member from 1915 to 1922.

Hammick was also a prominent [[freemason]] and was the provincial grandmaster of the District Grand Lodge of Madras from 1910 to 1914.<ref name="dgl_madras">{{cite web|title=PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL OF MADRAS OR OF PRESIDENCY OF MADRAS|url=http://www.dglmadras.org.in/dgms_of_madras.htm|publisher=District Grand Lodge Madras|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001225110/http://www.dglmadras.org.in/dgms_of_madras.htm|archive-date=1 October 2010}}</ref>

== Personal life==
On 11 December 1883, Hammick married Ada Constance Searle, daughter of Major-General Arthur Thaddeus Searle and Lucy Helen Byne. The couple had two sons and three daughters, including:

* Lorna Mary Hammick (1884–1956), who married Norman Dalrymple Shaw, son of J. C. Shaw, in 1911.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>
* Dorothy Constance Hammick (1886–1988), who married Col. Alexander Charles Broughton Mackinnon, son of Col. Walter Carr Mackinnon, in 1921.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>
* Henry Alexander Hammick (1890–1968), the Chief Engineer of the [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] and co-inventor of the HAMEL [[Operation Pluto|PLUTO D-Day pipeline system]]; he married Mabel Emily Pilditch, daughter of [[Sir Philip Pilditch, 1st Baronet]] and Emily Mary Lewis, in 1919.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>
* Lucy Mabel Hammick (1893–1975), who was appointed Member, [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1920.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>
* John Murray Hammick (1901–1902), who died as an infant in India.<ref name="Mosley2003"/>

Sir Murray died in England on 4 March 1936.<ref name="Mosley2003">Mosley, Charles, editor. ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.'' [[Wilmington, Delaware]]: [[Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd]], 2003, vol. 2, p. 1754.</ref>

=== Honours ===
Hammick was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in November 1901.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27374 |date=9 November 1901 |page=7288 |supp=y}}</ref> He was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] (CSI) in 1907 and raised to a Knight Commander (KCSI) of the order in 1911.

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Works ==
* {{cite book|title=Rural India: land, power, and society under British rule|author=Murray Hammick|year=1930}}
* {{cite book|title=Historical sketches of the south of India: in an attempt to trace the history of Mysoor from the origin of the Hindoo Government of that state to the extinction of the Mohammedan dynasty in 1799, Volume 2: Historical Sketches of the South of India: In an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor from the Origin of the Hindoo Government of that State to the Extinction of the Mohammedan Dynasty in 1799|year=1932|author=Murray Hammick |author2=Mark Wills }}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|title=Tour of H.E. the Hon. Sir Murray Hammick, Governor of Madras: Vizagapatam and Godavari, August 6th to 15, 1912|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press|year=1912}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Inspector-General of police (Madras Presidency)
| years = 1894-1906
|before =
| after=
}}
{{succession box
| title = Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras
| years = 1906–1908
|before =
| after=
}}

{{succession box
| title = Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras | years = 1908–1912
|before =
| after=
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Governor of Madras]]
| years = 30 March 1912 – 30 October 1912
|before = [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|The Lord Carmichael]]
| after= [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland|The Lord Pentland]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = Member of the [[Council of State (India)]]
| years = 15 August 1915 – 7 November 1921
|before =
| after=
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hammick, Murray}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:People from the Madras Presidency]]

Akash Singh (actor)

2026-01-16T14:27:55Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2023}}
{{Notability|1=Biographies|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Akash Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1987
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = MMK College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai, (graduation)
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|music composer}}
| years_active = 2011{{ndash}}present (actor)
| father = [[Kunal Singh (actor, born 1955)|Kunal Singh]]
| mother = [[Arati Bhattacharya]]
}}

'''Akash Singh''' '''Yadav''' (born 1987) is an Indian actor who works in [[Bhojpuri cinema]], Hindi cinema, [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema and theatre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Kunal-Singhs-son-to-make-debut-in-Bollywood/articleshow/18030229.cms|title=Kunal Singh's son to make debut in Bollywood - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2013 |title=Going from Bihar to Bollywood |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/giridhar-jha/story/going-from-bihar-to-bollywood-kunal-singh-nitish-kumar-152893-2013-01-31}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Singh was born in Mumbai in 1987 to [[Bhojpuri people|Bhojpuri]] actor [[Kunal Singh]] and [[Bengalis|Bengali]] actress [[Arati Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/what-wives-of-politicians-do-during-poll-season/story-ozJWLT3ujgzpJusFPibxSP.html|title=What wives of politicians do during poll season|work=Hindustan Times |date=30 March 2014}}</ref>

== Acting in feature films ==
His first movie ''Onde Ondu Sari'' was a [[Kannada cinema|Kannada movie]]. His second movie ''Bloody Isshq'' was released on 1 March 2013, The film was made under Aashawari Media Pvt Ltd. After the success of the film he migrated to Bhojpuri cinema. He is also works as a singer in several [[hindi]] and Bengali movies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/boy-nextdoor-awaits-big-bollywood-break-son-of-bhojpuri-matinee-idol-to-be-seen-in-exotic-thailand-locales-on-silver-screen/cid/340315|title=Boy nextdoor awaits big Bollywood break - Son of Bhojpuri matinee idol to be seen in exotic Thailand locales on silver screen|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
* Onde Ondu Sari (Kannada) 2011
* ''[[Achena Prem]]'' (Bengali ) 2011 (actor)
*Hari Om Hari (Oriya) 2013
* Sweetheart (Bengali, Telugu) (actor, Director Writer) 2013
* Mr Rajesh (Telugu) 2013
* ''[[Bloody Isshq]]'' (Hindi) 2013
* Action (Bengali) (Musician) 2014
* [[Masoom (2014 film)|Masoom]] (Bengali) 2014
* Tere Jaisa Yaar Kahan (2017)
* Bhauji Pataniya (Bhojpuri) (2018)
* Chor Police (Bhojpuri) (2019)
* Drive (Singer) (2019)
* Aankh Micholi (2021)
* ''[[Priya Beauty Parlour]]'' (2025)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Akash}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bhojpuri cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited

2026-01-10T13:13:31Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{short description|Metro rail corporation in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited (GMRC)
| logo = Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Ltd Logo Ahmedabad Metro.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| trade_name =
| type = [[public sector|Public sector company]]
| traded_as =
| fate =
| predecessor = Metrolink Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad (MEGA)
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|February|4}}
| hq_location = 1st Floor, Block - 1, Karmayogi Bhavan, Sector 10A, Sector 10
| hq_location_city = [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[Gujarat]]
| key_people = Shri S. S. Rathore ([[Managing Director|MD]])
| industry = [[Public transport]]
| products =
| services =
| revenue = {{INRConvert|14867.23|l}}
| revenue_year = 2022-23
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| owners = {{ubl|[[Government of India|Govt of India]] (50%)|[[Government of Gujarat|Govt of Gujarat]] (50%)}}
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| divisions =
| subsid = [[Ahmedabad Metro]] [[Surat Metro]] Vadodara Metro Rajkot Metro
| website = {{URL|https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/|GMRC}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Final-Annual-Report-2022-23-GMRCL-English.pdf|title=Final-Annual-Report-2022-23-GMRCL-English|date=30 November 2023|access-date=2 January 2024|website=Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102063434/https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Final-Annual-Report-2022-23-GMRCL-English.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

'''Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited (GMRC)''' is a [[joint venture]] company of the [[Government of India]] and [[Government of Gujarat]]. It was established on February 4, 2010, with an initial investment of ₹202 crore (approximately US$25 million). The company is headquartered in [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]], India. GMRCL previously known as Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad (MEGA).

== Systems ==
===Operational Systems===
{|class = "wikitable sortable" style="font-size:small"
|-
! rowspan="2"|System
! rowspan="2"|Locale
! rowspan="2"|State
! rowspan="2"|Lines
! rowspan="2"|Stations
! colspan="4"|Length
! rowspan="2"|Opened
! rowspan="2"|Annual Ridership (in millions)
|-
! Operational
! Under Construction
! Planned
! OP+U/C+Planned
|-
| [[Ahmedabad Metro]]
| [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gandhinagar]], [[GIFT City]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 4
| [[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations|39]]
|{{convert|37.86|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad Metro - Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/ahmedabad-metro-information-map-updates/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>
| {{Convert|21.42|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| {{Convert|7.41|km|mi}}
| {{Convert|66.69|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| 4 March 2019<ref name="AhmedabadOpening">{{cite news |title=Ahmedabad Metro to open for public on Wednesday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-to-open-for-public-on-wednesday/articleshow/68263112.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="PMAhmedabadOpening">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/pm-modi-inaugurates-ahmedabad-metro-first-phase-takes-a-ride/articleshow/68258253.cms?from=mdr|title=PM Modi inaugurates Ahmedabad Metro first phase, takes a ride|publisher=Economic Times|date=4 March 2019}}</ref>
| 18.6 [13]
|-
! Total
! colspan="2"|1
! 2
! 31
!{{convert|37.86|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
!{{convert|21.42|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
!{{convert|7.41|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
!{{convert|66.69|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
!colspan="1"|
! 18.6
|}

===Systems in development===
{{Updated|6 March 2022}}
{{legend inline|#BCFFC5|Under construction}} {{Legend inline|#B0E0E6|Approved}} {{legend inline|#FFFFBB|Proposed}}

{|class = "wikitable sortable"style="font-size:small"
|-
! System
! Locale
! State
! Service type
! Lines
! Stations
! Length (under construction)
! Length (planned)
! Construction began
! Planned opening
|-
| style="background:#BCFFC5;" |[[Surat Metro]]
| [[Surat]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Rapid Transit]]
| 2
| 38
| {{convert|40.35|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
|
|2021
|2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-launches-ahmedabad-and-surat-metro-rail-projects-everything-you-need-to-know-11610956526405.html|title=PM launches Ahmedabad and Surat Metro rail|date=18 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#FFFFBB;" |Vadodara Metro <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadodara Metro - Information & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/vadodara-metro-route-map-tenders-status-updates/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadodara Metro train will be run at a cost of Rs. 5608 crores, entire railway network will be built in 43.2 km |url=https://www.vtvgujarati.com/news-details/vadodara-metro-train-will-be-run-at-a-cost-of-5608-crores-entire-railway-network-will}}</ref>
|[[Vadodara]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]
|
|
|
|{{convert|43.2|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
|
|
|-
| style="background:#FFFFBB;" |Rajkot Metro<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajkot Metro - Information & Status Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/rajkot-metro-route-map-tenders-status-updates/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2024-02-02 |title=Rs. 100 crore provisioned in Gujarat budget to develop Metro rail in Vadodara and Rajkot |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/02/02/rs-100-crore-provisioned-in-gujarat-budget-to-develop-metro-rail-in-vadodara-and-rajkot/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Rajkot]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]
|
|
|
|38 km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saurashtra's first Metro Rail service likely to come up in Rajkot|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/09/18/saurashtras-first-metro-rail-service-likely-to-come-up-in-rajkot/|website=Desh Gujarat|date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| style="background:#FFFFBB;" |Jamnagar Metro<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rustagi |first=Abha |date=2022-05-14 |title=SYSTRA To Prepare DPR For New Metro Projects In Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar And Jamnagar - Metro Rail News |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/systra-to-prepare-dpr-for-new-metro-projects-in-vadodara-rajkot-bhavnagar-and-jamnagar/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar Metro - Information & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/jamnagar-metro-route-map-tenders-status-updates/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Jamnagar]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="background:#FFFFBB;" |Bhavnagar Metro<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rustagi |first=Abha |date=2022-05-14 |title=SYSTRA To Prepare DPR For New Metro Projects In Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar And Jamnagar - Metro Rail News |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/systra-to-prepare-dpr-for-new-metro-projects-in-vadodara-rajkot-bhavnagar-and-jamnagar/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavnagar Metro - Information & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/bhavnagar-metro-route-map-tenders-status-updates/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Bhavnagar]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== References ==
[https://deshgujarat.com/2023/09/29/ahmedabad-metro-rail-completes-one-year-average-upto-90000-daily-passengers-riding-it/ 13. https://deshgujarat.com/2023/09/29/ahmedabad-metro-rail-completes-one-year-average-upto-90000-daily-passengers-riding-it/]{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ahmedabad Metro| ]]
[[Category:Rapid transit companies of India]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2010]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Gujarat]]

Razole, Konaseema district

2025-12-24T16:55:01Z

Greensobhacondo: Created a place

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Razole
| native_name = 
| other_name = Razolu
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Scenic Greenery of Nagullanka Village by Prasad SVD.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Scenic Greenery by Kotikalapudi
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra, Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.474326|N|81.840196|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konaseema district|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Razole
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13597
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=627201|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=25 July 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533242
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08862
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP05 (Former)]] AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Palakollu]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao
}}

'''Razole''', natively known as '''Razolu''', is a town in [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district]] of Andhra Pradesh, India.<ref name="apland" /> The town is surrounded by the river Vashishta ([[Godavari]]) and is known for its coconut and palm trees. Several [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] directors have used the region around Razole as a backdrop for films, including ''[[Ladies Tailor (1986 film)|Ladies Tailor]]'', ''[[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]]'', ''Kabaddi Kabaddi'', and ''Vinayakudu''. The resort of Dindi is located on the banks of the Godavari.

Razole has a good number of schools. ZP Boys high school is the oldest, celebrating its 100th year anniversary in 2018. Sobhana High school, Narayana e-Techno, Ravindra Bharathi, and Akshara are the most popular schools in the locality.

Sobhana and Ravindra Bharathi are the oldest of all these schools.
[[File:Sobhana_English_medium_high_school.jpg|thumb|Sobhana English medium high school]]When it comes to colleges in Razole, the town is home for colleges like Sri Chaitanya junior college, Narayana college, Andhrapradesh social welfare college (gurukul) and Government junior & degree college, Razole.

== Notable people ==
*[[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]]: Director
*[[Vamsy]]: Director
*[[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]]: Actress
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]]: character artist
*[[Bandaru Ayyappa]]: IPL Cricketer represents Andhra in Ranji Trophy

==Assembly==
Razole is one of the 175 Assembly Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. The current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] is Deva Vara prasad from Jana Sena Party.<ref name="statistical" />

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="apland">{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in Srikakulam district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/eastgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121141044/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|archive-date=21 January 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>
<ref name="statistical">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat-Report-Andhra-Pradesh2014.pdf|title=StatisticalReports|last=|first=|date=|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Villages in Razole mandal]]

{{Konaseema-geo-stub}}

Nayantara (Marathi actress)

2025-12-24T09:48:30Z

Greensobhacondo: made basic pg more to come

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1950
| birth_place = [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date = 30 November 2014 (aged 64)
| death_place = [[Thane]], [[Maharashtra]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 1968–2009
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards =
}}

'''Nayantara''' (1950 – 30 November 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-01 |title=नयनतारा यांचे निधन |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/actress-nayantara-passed-away-1046528/ |access-date= |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> was an Indian actress. She worked in Marathi films, television and theatre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नयनतारा |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/editorial/manasa/nayantara/articleshow/45388425.cms |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> She is better known for her role of Leelabai Kalbhor in ''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]'' (1988).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-19 |title=Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi fame Nayantara lost her leg due to diabetes |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/ashi-hi-banvabanvi-fame-nayantara-has-lost-one-foot-due-diabetes/ |access-date= |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1970
|''Gharkul''
|Unnamed
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Small role
|-
| rowspan="2" |1971
|''[[Man Tera Tan Mera]]''
|Rajni
|[[Hindi]]
|Hindi debut
|-
|''Kunkwacha Karanda''
|Sharda Devbhakt
| rowspan="16" |Marathi
|Supporting role
|-
|1977
|''[[Bala Gau Kashi Angai]]''
|Alka
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bala Gau Kashi Angaai (1977) |url=https://indiancine.ma/SBZ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1987
|''Prem Karuya Khullam Khulla''
|Savitri Inamdar
|
|-
|''Anandi Anand''
|Inspector Maya
|
|-
|''Khara Kadhi Bolu Naye''
|Chanchala Bai
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1988
|''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]''
|Leelabai Kalbhor
|Supporting role<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |title='अशी ही बनवाबनवी' चित्रपटामधील हे डायलॉग्स आजही प्रेक्षकांना खळखळून हसवतात |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-ashi-hi-banwa-banwi-complete-35-years-famous-dialogues-1212020 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=ABP Marathi |date=23 September 2023 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''Kiss Bai Kiss''
|Gauri & Archana's mother
|
|-
|''Aai Pahije''
|Banarasi
|
|-
|''Mamla Porincha''
|Mrs. Baghde
|
|-
|1989
|''[[Saglikade Bombabomb]]''
|Maya Mhapsekar
|Cameo appearance
|-
|1990
|''[[Changu Mangu]]''
|Malti Dongre
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Changu Mangu |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/changu-mangu/0-0-13187 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1992
|''Than Than Gopal''
|Usha's Aunt
|
|-
|''Khulyancha Bazaar''
|Manya's wife
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''Bharla Malvat Ha Rakhtana''
|Hirabai
|
|-
|''Tu Sukhkarta''
|Manohar's mother
|
|-
|1998
|''Jigar''
|Parvati
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999
|''Lo Main Aa Gaya''
|Ajay's mother
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Dhangad Dhinga''
|Arundhati
|Marathi
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Khiladi 420]]''
|Ritu's grandmother
|Hindi
|
|-
|2002
|''Aadhar''
|Tarkabai
|Marathi
|
|-
|2005
|''Chalta Hai Yaar''
|Mrs. Malhar Rao Patil
|Hindi
|
|-
|2006
|''Deva Shappath Khote Sangen, Khare Sangnar Nahi''
|Gauri's sister
|Marathi
|
|}

===Play===
* ''Karti Premat Padali ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Shantech Kart Chalu Aahe ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Smart Vadhu Pahije ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Ithe Bhetalat Tar Bhetalat ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Mulga Maza Bajirao ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Kharyachi Duniya ''[Stage Drama]
* ''Caption Yenar Aahe ''[Stage Drama]

==See also==
*[[Marathi cinema]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0623233}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhende, Uma}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}
{{India-stage-actor-stub}}

Hazur Sahib

2025-12-18T14:42:00Z

Greensobhacondo: fix

{{Short description|One of the 5 Takhts in Sikhism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}

{{EngvarB|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Sri Hazur Sahib
| image = Takht Sri Hazur Sahib.jpg
| caption = The Hazur Sahib
| coordinates = {{coord|19|09|10|N|77|19|07|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location_town = [[Nanded]], Maharashtra
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| construction_start_date = 1832
| completion_date =
| style = [[Sikh architecture]]
}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''''Hazur Sahib'''''{{efn|Also spelt as '''Hazoor Sahib'''.}} ({{lang|pa-Latn|Hazūrī Sāhib}}; {{lit|presence of the ''[[sahib]]''/master}}), officially '''''Takht Sachkhand Sri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib''''', is one of the [[Panj Takht|five takhts]] (religious centres) in [[Sikhism]]. The [[gurdwara]] (Sikh house of worship) was built between 1832 and 1837 by [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (1780–1839).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=S. Harpal |title=Guru Nanak's centuries-old link with Nizam's Nirmal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/guru-nanaks-centuries-old-link-with-nizams-nirmal/article30427901.ece |work=The Hindu |date=29 December 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It is located on the banks of the [[Godavari River]] at the city of [[Nanded]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], India.

The structure is built at the place where [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] died. The gurdwara within the complex is known as '''Sach-Khand''' (Realm of Truth). The inner room of the gurdwara is called the ''Angitha Sahib'' and is built over the place where Gobind Singh was cremated in 1708.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20110927/5185419872857734644.htm|location=[[Nanded]]|title=ऐतिहासिक दसरा पर्वाची गुरुद्वारात जय्यत तयारी|trans-title=Aitihāsika Dasarā Parvācī Gurudvārāta Jayyata Tayārī |language=Marathi |date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 May 2015|work=[[Sakal]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002217/http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20110927/5185419872857734644.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Aarti plate for a Sikh ceremony.jpg|thumb|Aarti prayers in Hazur Sahib Nanded]]
Hazur Sahib marks the site where Guru Gobind Singh ji had his camp in 1708. The Guru held his court and congregation here and was convalescing after being attacked by two would-be assassins. One of the attackers stabbed the Guru, and was killed by him with a single stroke of his [[talwar]] (curved sword). The other was killed by his followers as he tried to escape. The Guru's wound was deep, but initially healed after being stitched by an English surgeon sent by [[Bahadur Shah I]], who served as his doctor, and Dara Shikoh before him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://satguru.weebly.com/european-surgeon-who-attended-satguru-gobind-singh-in-1708.html|title = European Surgeon who Attended Satguru Gobind Singh in 1708}}</ref> However the wound re-opened a few days later when the Guru was stringing a bow for one of his Sikhs and the Guru merged into the Primal (Joti Jot) after declaring the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] as his successor.<ref name=GS>{{cite book|title=Sikh shrines in India|last=G.S.|first=Randhir|year=1990|publisher=The Director of Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

The Sikhs built a room over the platform where Guru Gobind Singh Ji would sit while holding his court and installed Guru Granth Sahib Ji on it. They called it Takhat Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh Ji, while conferring Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib Ji, had himself named Nanded as "Abchalnagar" (literally "Steadfast city") after the first word of a hymn read at random on the occasion.

In October 2008, the 300th-anniversary celebration of the Guruship of Guru Granth Sahib ji took place here. This site is now one of five Takhats which are places of primary importance to the Sikhs. The other four takhats are: [[Sri Akal Takht Sahib]] at Amritsar, Takhat Sri Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur, Takhat Sri Patna Sahib in Bihar and Takhat Sri Damdama Sahib in Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab.

Sachkhand (literally "region of Truth") had been used by Guru Nanak Sahib Ji to mean the abode of God. Ranjit Singh had the present building of the Takhat Sahib constructed with money, artisans, and labor sent from Punjab during the early 1830s. Around the same time, the [[3rd Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad Kingdom]] a Muslim ruler of the Deccan Region raised a contingent of Northern Sikhs as part of his army. Most of these men settled permanently in Hyderabad State.

The control of Takhat Sachkhand Sri Hazoor Sahib, which had formerly passed into the hands of [[Udasi]] Sikh priests was regained by the Sikhs under the influence of the Singh Sabha Movement of the late nineteenth century. Some of the 'rituals and ceremonies connected with working' are peculiar to this Takhat Sahib. In 1956 an Act was passed by the legislature of Hyderabad under which the management of the Takhat Sahib and other historical Gurdwaras was legally placed under a 17-member Gurudwaras Board and a five-member Managing Committee.

The Takht houses both the Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji and the [[Dasam Granth|Sri Dasam Granth]]. This follows the pattern of [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]].

Nanded is the city where Baba Banda Singh Bahadur had his ashram and Baba Banda Singh started his journey of Khalsa victory.{{cn|date=April 2021}}

The shrine differs from other historical places of Sikh worship, here all ancient customs which were practised at the time of the Guru are still practiced, for example, sandal-wood tilak is still applied on the foreheads of priests and local devotees.

While all the functions are carried out by the priests in the outer room, the inner room is a vault that houses valuable objects, weapons and other personal belongings of the Guru. No one except the head priest can enter the vault.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020427/windows/site.htm|title = The Tribune - Windows - Sites and Scenes}}</ref>

=== Heritage conservation ===
[[Sikh Studies|Sikh historians and scholars]] have raised alarms regarding the plight of Sikh historical heritage within the Takht Hazur Sahib complex.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Dogra |first=Chander Suta |date=3 May 2016 |title=Have You the Eyes for It? |work=SikhNet (republished, originally published by Outlook Magazine) |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/have-you-eyes-it |access-date=21 September 2023 |quote=}}</ref> Many historical structures have been destroyed by the takht's management committee, much to the dismay of a vocal section of Sikhs who pleaded for these sites to be preserved in their original state.<ref name=":02" /> Sharad Chalikwar, a consultant engineer, and Kiran Kalamdani, a restoration architect, had come up with restoration plans to save the historical buildings but Hazur Sahib's management committee ended-up demolishing the buildings under the guise of [[Sevā|Kar Seva]] renovations.<ref name=":02" />

The buildings that were destroyed include:<ref name=":02" />

* Ramgarhia Bunga{{Efn|Not to be confused with a building with the same name located near the Golden Temple in Amritsar.|group=note}}, constructed upon the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<ref name=":02" /> Demolished in January 2007.<ref name=":02" />
* [[Baradari (building)|Baradari]], constructed upon the patronage of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]].<ref name=":02" /> Demolished in October 2007.<ref name=":02" />

The gurdwara management committee, specifically chairman P.S. Pasricha, defended their action to destroy the historical sites because of their age, dilapidated condition, need for "beautification", needing room for their development plans, and that land has been allotted for the building of a new 31-room ''sarai'' with a museum.<ref name=":02" />
{{Panorama
| image = Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara.jpg
| height = 150
}}{{clear}}

==300th anniversary celebrations==
In 2008, the 300th Guruship ceremony of Guru Granth Sahib and 300th Joti Jot anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh were celebrated on a large scale at Hazoor Sahib, Nanded. [[Manmohan Singh]], then [[Prime Minister of India]], addressed the Sath-Sangat at the main function.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

==Laser fountain show==
[[File:Hazur Sahib interior.jpg|thumb|300px|right|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurdwara Nanded|Interior view of the gurdwara]]
A laser show at Gobind Bagh near the main gurdwara briefly describes the lives of the ten Gurus. It is the second largest laser show in Asia.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

==Historical gurdwaras in Nanded==
[[File:Map of the Takht Hazur Sahib complex and surrounding area, located in Nanded in the Deccan, as published in the Mahan Kosh (1930).jpg|thumb|Map of the Takht Hazur Sahib complex and surrounding area, located in Nanded in the Deccan, as published in the ''[[Mahan Kosh]]'' (1930)]]
*Gurdwara Nagina Ghat Sahib
*Gurdwara Banda Ghat Sahib (Baba Banda singh Bahadur)
*Gurdwara Shikaar Ghat Sahib
*Gurdwara Baoli Sahib (Nr. GURU Gobind singh Museum)
*Gurdwara Heera Ghat
*Gurdwara Mata Sahib
*Gurdwara Maal Tekdi
*Gurdwara Sangat Sahib
*Gurdwara Damdama Sahib (Basmat Nagar, [[Parbhani]])
*Gurdwara Nanakpuri Sahib (place of [[Guru Nanak]])
*Gurudwara Bhajangarh Saheb

==List of Jathedars==
{{Incomplete list|date=September 2023}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!No.
!Name
!Term start:
!End
!Reference(s)
|-
|1.
|Bhai Santokh Singh
|1708
|1715
|
|-
|2.
|Bhai Khushal Singh
|1715
|1722
|
|-
|3.
|Bhai Laal Singh
|1722
|1730
|
|-
|4.
|Bhai Bakhtawar Singh
|1730
|1736
|
|-
|5.
|Bhai Charat Singh
|1736
|1786
|
|-
|6.
|Bhai Mohar Singh
|1786
|1793
|
|-
|7.
|Bhai Ram Singh
|1793
|1804
|
|-
|8.
|Bhai Dharam Singh
|1804
|1812
|
|-
|9.
|Bhai Charat Singh
|1812
|1817
|
|-
|10.
|Bhai Sahib Singh
|1817
|1818
|
|-
|11.
|Bhai Aaya Singh
|1818
|1824
|
|-
|12.
|Bhai Jassa Singh
|1824
|1839
|
|-
|13.
|Bhai Isher Singh
|1839
|1841
|
|-
|14.
|Bhai Waryam Singh
|1841
|1844
|
|-
|15.
|Bhai Tara Singh
|1844
|1858
|
|-
|16.
|Bhai Attar Singh
|1858
|1867
|
|-
|17.
|Bhai Prem Singh
|1867
|1875
|
|-
|18.
|Bhai Deva Singh
|1875
|1876
|
|-
|19.
|Bhai Brij Singh
|1876
|1877
|
|-
|20.
|Bhai Jawahar Singh
|1877
|1883
|
|-
|21.
|Bhai Nanu Singh
|1883
|1890
|
|-
|22.
|Bhai Maan Singh
|1890
|1913
|
|-
|23.
|Bhai Daya Singh
|1913
|1914
|
|-
|24.
|Bhai Hari Singh
|1914
|1919
|
|-
|25.
|Bhai Hira Singh
|1919
|1945
|
|-
|28.
|Bhai Bahadur Singh
|1945
|1946
|
|-
|27.
|Bhai Hira Singh
|1946
|1950
|
|-
|28.
|Bhai Harnam Singh
|1950
|1956
|
|-
|29.
|Baba Joginder Singh
|1956
|1984
|
|-
|30.
|Baba Hazura Singh
|1984
|12 January 2000
|
|-
|31.
|Baba Kulwant Singh
|12 January 2000
|Incumbent
|
|}

==Kirtan Maryada Ragis at Hazur Sahib==
Bhai Jagat Singh (1917–1978) was an eminent [[ragi (Sikhism)|Ragi]] who did Seva at the Takhat from AD 1934 to 1978 (till death).

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Cremation of Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded.jpg|Cremation of Guru Gobind Singh at [[Nanded]]
File:Overhead view of Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib Gurdwara complex.jpg|Overhead map of Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib Gurdwara complex, ca.1870.
File:Photograph of Takht Hazur Sahib, circa 1880.jpg|Photograph of Takht Hazur Sahib, ca.1880.
File:Historical photograph of Sri Hazur Sahib, Nanded in 1895.jpg|Historical photograph of Sri Hazur Sahib, Nanded in 1895
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Tourism in Marathwada]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Nidar Singh Nihang and Parmjit Singh, ''In the Master's Presence - The Sikhs of Hazoor Sahib'', Kashi House (2009), {{ISBN|978-0-9560168-0-5}}.

==External links==
* [http://www.hazursahib.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424115444/http://www.hazursahib.com/ |date=24 April 2011 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724063957/http://sgpc.net/holy%20takhat/sachkhand__english.asp sgpc.net entry]
* [http://www.worldsikhnews.com/5%20November%202008/Image/SR%202nd%20dummy.pdf ''World Sikh News'' item on Deccan Sikhs]

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikh places]]
[[Category:Sikh architecture]]
[[Category:Nanded]]
[[Category:Gurdwaras in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Religious tourism in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nanded district]]
[[Category:Sikh takhts]]

Cnemaspis ranganaensis

2025-12-16T04:00:12Z

Greensobhacondo: starting a entry

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Cnemaspis
| species = ranganaensis
| authority = Sayyed & Sulakhe, 2020
}}

'''''Cnemaspis ranganaensis''''' is a species of diurnal [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Cnemaspis&species=ranganaensis "Cnemaspis ranganaensis"]. ''The Reptile Database''. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
* https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Cnemaspis_ranganaensis

{{Taxonbar|from=Q105123591}}

[[Category:Reptiles described in 2020]]
[[Category:Cnemaspis|ranganaensis]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
{{Gekkonidae-stub}}

Pohale Caves

2025-11-14T12:26:05Z

Greensobhacondo: brief rework references and improved wording

{{Short description|Caves in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox Cave
| name = Pohale Caves
| photo =Pohale Caves.jpg
| photo_caption =Pohale Caves
| location =
| depth =
| length =
| map = India#India Maharashtra
|relief=yes
| map_width =
| map_caption =
| label = Pohale Caves
| map_alt =
| coords = {{coord|16.790872|74.191172|display=inline, title|region:IN_type:landmark}}
| survey =
| survey_format =
| discovery =
| geology =
| entrance_count =
| entrance_list =
| difficulty =
| hazards =
| access =
| translation =
| language =
| pronunciation =
}}
'''Pohale Caves''', also '''Pohala Caves''' or '''Pawala Caves''', are a group of Buddhist caves located in [[Kolhapur District]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], about 15 km northeast of [[Kolhapur]].<ref name=BUR>{{cite book |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=285 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/2015.53162.Revised-Lists-Of-Antiquarian-Remains-In-The-Bombay-Presidency#page/n341/search/pohala}}</ref><ref name=ASI>{{cite web |title=ASI Mumbai Circle |url=http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/m_kolhapur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808045039/http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/m_kolhapur.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=8 August 2013 |website=www.asimumbaicircle.com}}</ref>

The caves are rather plain and were excavated in a rocky area near [[Jyotiba]]'s hill.<ref name=BUR/><ref name=ASI/>

There is one large [[vihara]], about square of about 34', with 14 columns on three sides and 22 cells around the central hall (7’ long, 5’ broad and 7’ high).<ref name=BUR/> There is also a [[Chaitya]], and one more cave with a raised rock-cut seat for a teacher, with a watern cistern.<ref name=BUR/><ref name=ASI/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Buddhist Caves}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
{{Portal|India}}
[[Category:Buddhist caves in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Caves of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in India]]
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]]

{{Buddhism-stub}}

Maa Mangala Mandir, Kakatpur

2025-10-19T15:24:01Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Odisha, India}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Maa Mangala Mandir
|image = Maa Mangala.jpg
|caption = Mukha Chandan Besa
|map_type = Odisha
|coordinates = {{coord|19|59|59.7|N|86|11|41.26|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes =
|map_caption =

|country = {{flag|India}}
|state = [[Odisha]]
|district = [[Puri district|Puri]]
|locale = [[Kakatpur]]
|elevation_m =
|elevation_footnotes =
|deity = Maa Mangala
|festivals = Jhamu Yatra, Basanti Durga puja, [[Durga Puja|Saradiya Durga Puja]], Shri Durga Sayana Utsav, Debasnana Purnima
|temple_quantity =
|monument_quantity =
|inscriptions =
|year_completed = 15th century
|creator = Bhakta Mohan Rayachudamani (Landlord of Nimapada)
|temple_board =
|website = {{URL|https://www.maamangala.org/}}
}}

'''Maa Mangala Mandir''' is a [[Hindu temple|Hindu Shakta pitha]] located in [[Kakatpur]] of [[Odisha, India|Odisha]], on the eastern coast of India.

==Overview==
This is a 15th-century Hindu temple and a symbol of ancient [[Shakta pithas]] of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]. The temple is situated on the eastern bank of [[holy river]] ''Prachi'' which was named Saraswati before.

'''Maa Mangala''' is a Hindu goddess who is one of the manifestations of ''Shakti''. In ancient times, Buddhist monks used to symbolize Mangala as goddess ''Tara''. Now the deity worshiped as one of manifestations of Hindu deity Durga in the hymn of the goddess ''Vanadurga''.

Maa Mangala is the symbol of qualities like of peace, power, happiness, love, purity, knowledge & truth.
<ref>{{cite book |last= Panda |first= Raghunath |title= Maa Sarba Mangala |year= 2009 }}</ref>

==Temple architecture & Cult==
The carvings of the deity Mangala is in typical Odia style, having khilana & prabha back to her sitting place. The architecture of temple is a typical example of [[Kalinga Architecture|Utkaliya Peedha Vimana Style]].

There is a bed made of solid stone on which it is said Maa Mangala rests after touring the entire universe every day. As if to attest to this, the bed looks worn out in just the same way it would if it were in use for centuries.

== History of the Evolution of the Deity ==
There is no written proof based on the evolution of the Deity. The legend behind the evolution has no base in ancient days. The myth is that in ancient times [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkala]] had a good commercial relationship with different islands like [[Sri Lanka|Singhala]], [[Java]], [[Sumatra]] etc. Demon [[Ravana]] used to worship goddess ''Mangala'' with his great devotion and became the most powerful by the blessing of the Deity. After the victory of [[Lord Ram]], goddess was taken to Utkala from Singhala by a [[Sadhaba]] (one who do business with other country & islands). At that time the Prachi civilization was getting civilized and developed more day by day & was only path to enter Utkala. He established the Deity Mangala in Prachi valley.

==Legend==
Evolution of the name of this place is associated with the deity Maa Mangala as believed by the locals of Kakatpur. Goddess Mangala kept herself hidden under the deep water of river Prachi. Once a boatman was sailing his boat across the river. Due to heavy rain and flood like situation he spent the whole night in the middle of the river. Just before dawn, Goddess Mangala came in his dream and asked him to recover her from the water and place her in nearby ''Mangalapur village''. The boatman dived directly into the water and took the idol out of the river. After this the boatman saw a black crow dived into the exact spot where Maa Mangala was recovered and did not come out.

In [[Odia language]], Crow means Kaa-kaw (କାକ) and Detained means Aw-taw-kaw (ଅଟକ). So by combining the two words it becomes Kaakaw-Awtawkaw (The detained crow). During the course of time the Mangalapur village became Kakatpur and the Goddess is known as Kakatpur Mangala.

The present Mandir was constructed on 1548 AD by Local Zamindar Panchanan Mitra Roychudamoni at Kakatpur with all the Sebak arrangements.

== Association with Jagannath Temple, Puri==
Every twelve to nineteen years when the wooden icons of [[Jagannath]], [[Balabhadra]] and [[Subhadra]] of the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] are replaced during the [[Nabakalevara]] rite, priests of the temple in Puri pray to Mangala in the Kakatpur temple to give them divine guidance. The goddess appears in their dreams and reveals the location of the three divine Daru Bramha trees from which idols of the deities are made.<ref>[http://www.shreekhetra.com/kakatpur.html Maa Mangala Mandira]</ref>

==Transport==
The temple is reachable by the roads from [[Cuttack]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Puri]], [[Jagatsinghpur]] and [[Paradeep]] which are approximately 69 km, 60 km, 55 km, 38 km and 83 km respectively. The nearest railway stations are Bhubaneswar and Puri. The nearest airport is in Bhubaneswar.

==References==
<references/>

{{Shakti temples in Odisha}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Puri district]]
[[Category:Shakti temples]]

Pulhal

2025-07-16T09:54:40Z

Greensobhacondo: Created new pg

{{About||the 2010 film|Puzhal (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pullhal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Pullhal, Chennai district
| coordinates = {{coord|13|10|11|N|80|12|26|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 20297
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = '''600066'''
| registration_plate = '''TN-18'''
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pulhal''' or '''Pullhal''' is a Northwestern residential town in [[Chennai district|Thiruvallur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Pullhal is located on the banks of [[Pulhal aeri|Pullhal Lake]]. The town is known for [[Pulhal Central Prison|Pullhal Central Prison]].

The area is one of the 163 notified areas ([[Megalith|megalithic sites]]) in the state of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Hindu_NISModifiesExpansionPlan">{{cite news
| last = Madhavan
| first = D.
| title = National Institute of Siddha modifies expansion plan
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 20 December 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/national-institute-of-siddha-modifies-expansion-plan/article4218676.ece
| access-date = 23 Dec 2012}}</ref>

== History ==
In ancient times, the region was ruled by a chief of the [[Kurumbar]]s variously titled as Kamunda Kurumba Prabhu( Pulhal Raja) who is also credited with building a royal fort at this site.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Madras Journal of Literature and Science, Volume 7|author=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|page=311}}</ref> The fort and the land was later overran by the [[Chola]] sovereign from Thanjavur.<ref>{{cite book|title=International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology: Transactions of the Third Session|year=1869|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalco01unkngoog|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company, 1869|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalco01unkngoog/page/n320 254]}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Pullhal Lake===
[[Pulhal aeri|Pullhal aeri]], or Pullhal lake, also known as the [[Red Hills Lake]], is located in [[Ponneri]] Taluk of [[Thiruvallur]] district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the two rain-fed reservoirs from where water is drawn for supply to Chennai City, the other one being the [[Chembarambakkam Lake]] / [[Porur Lake]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pullhal had a population of 20,297. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Pullhal has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 68%. In Pullhal, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pullhal is now in Chennai District. Major to supply water to Chennai people.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== Pullhal Camp or Srilankan Refugee camp ==
Pullhal camp is one of the Sri Lankan refugee camps out of 115 camps were found in Tamil Nadu. According to Indian census Thiruvallur districts has second highest Sri Lankan refugee population. It has 1,646 households with a total of 5,387 refugees. Particularly Pullhal camp has second highest refugee population in Thiruvallur district. It accounts for 408 households with a refugee population of 1,283. That is why Pullhal Town is also expressed as Camp.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Amenities==
* Urban community health center

===Pullhal Central Prison===
[[Pulhal Central Prison|Pullhal Central Prison]] is located in the neighbourhood. The prison began operation in 2006, replacing the erstwhile [[Chennai Central Prison]].

The plan for the construction of Pullhal Central Prison was conceived during the early 2000s. Sites in Pullhal and in Maraimalai Nagar were initially considered and the final decision to construct in Pullhal was made due to the availability of large piece of Government owned land. It was constructed by Tamil Nadu Police Housing Corporation (TNPHC) for a cost of {{INR}} 1,770 million in less than 3 years. It was inaugurated by then chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi, on 26 November 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060710004326/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/03/stories/2006070305440500.htm] The Hindu - Puzhal Prison Complex a bold bid to redefine concept of jail</ref>

==Education==
* Jain Vidyaashram
* Velammal Global School
* Narayana E-tech
* Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* Greenfield International School

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pulhal}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Chennai}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Chennai]]

Vinay Katiyar

2025-06-25T09:57:48Z

Greensobhacondo: correct citations and added references

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2006
| term_end = 2 April 2018
| predecessor = [[Janeshwar Mishra]]
| successor = [[Kanta Kardam]]
| constituency1 = [[Faizabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faizabad (Ayodhya)]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mitrasen Yadav]]
| successor1 = [[Mitrasen Yadav]]
| office2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Mitrasen Yadav]]
| alma_mater = [[Vikramajit Singh Sanatan Dharma College]], [[Kanpur University]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|11|11}}
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| education = B.Com
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Ram Bethi
| termend2 = 10 March 1998
| termstart2 = 20 June 1991
| office3 = Founder-President of [[Bajrang Dal]]
| termstart3 = 1984
| termend3 = 1995
| termstart1 = 10 October 1999
| termend1 = 6 February 2004
| successor2 = [[Mitrasen Yadav]]
| constituency2 = [[Faizabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faizabad (Ayodhya)]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| successor3 = [[Jaibhan Singh Pawaiya]]
}}

'''Vinay Katiyar''' (born 11 November 1954)<ref name=profile/> is a politician and
the founder-[[president (corporate title)|president]] of [[Bajrang Dal]], the youth wing of the Hindu nationalist organisation [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) in India. He has served as an All India General Secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), and as a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in both the [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]].

==Life and career==
Katiyar was born in a [[Kurmi]] family<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2004 |title=BJP's Brahmin card topples Katiyar |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bjp-s-brahmin-card-topples-katiyar/cid/729576 |website=The Telegraph|location=India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Sharat |date=June 2002 |title=Katiyar, a leader forged in the Ayodhya movement |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2002/jun/25kati.htm |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=[[Rediff]] |quote=Katiyar belongs to the powerful Kurmi community, .....}}</ref> to Devi Charan Katiyar and Shyam Kali in [[Kanpur]].<ref name="nocakewalk">
{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/05/04/stories/2004050401171400.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141213193934/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/05/04/stories/2004050401171400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 December 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu |title=No cake walk for Vinay Katiyar |date=4 May 2004}}</ref> He holds a bachelor's degree in commerce from [[Kanpur University]].<ref name="profile" />

Katiyar started his political journey with [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP), the student wing of the Sangh Parivar. He was the organizing secretary of ABVP's [[Uttar Pradesh]] state unit from 1970 to 1974, and the convener of the [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s [[Bihar Movement]] in 1974. He became a [[RSS pracharak|pracharak]] (full-time worker) of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in 1980. He founded the [[Hindu Jagran Manch]] in 1982. In 1984, he was chosen to start the new youth [[Organization|organisation]] [[Bajrang Dal]] to support the [[Ram Janmabhoomi movement]].<ref name=profile/><ref>
{{cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=1996 |isbn=978-1850653011 |page=363}}
</ref>

Later, Katiyar served as the President of Uttar Pradesh State Unit of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from 2002 to 18 July 2004 and the national General Secretary of the BJP from 2006.<ref name=profile>{{Cite web|url = http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2018|title = Detailed profile of Members of Parliament : Shri Vinay Katiyar|access-date = 18 December 2014|publisher = Government of India}}</ref>

Katiyar was elected to the Lok Sabha from the [[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ayodhya (Lok Sabha constituency)]] to the 10th, 11th and 13th Lok Sabha in 1991, 1996 and 1999, and to the [[Rajya sabha|Rajya Sabha]] as a representative of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 2012.<ref name=profile/><ref name="Vinay Katiyar Wants To Retire From Politics">{{cite news |last1= |last2= |first2= |title=Vinay Katiyar Wants To Retire From Politics |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/vinay-katiyar-wants-to-retire-from-politics-744.html |access-date=25 June 2025 |work= |publisher=India TV News |date=10 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625095640/https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/vinay-katiyar-wants-to-retire-from-politics-744.html |archive-date=25 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In a 2018 interview with [[Asian News International|ANI]]'','' Katiyar said that there was no need for Muslims to remain in India in the wake of its [[Partition of India|Partition]], and that Muslims in India should, instead, move to Pakistan or Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/221888/bjp-vinay-katiyar-hate-mongering-streak-muslims-leave-india/|title=BJP's Vinay Katiyar Continues His Hate-Mongering, Says Muslims Should Leave India – The Wire|last=Staff|first=The Wire|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/muslims-should-not-stay-in-india-bjp-mp-vinay-katiyar-5054498/|title=Muslims should not stay in India: BJP MP Vinay Katiyar|date=2018-02-07|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hate-speech-from-bjps-vinay-katiyar-why-do-muslims-live-in-india-1809696|title=Hate Speech From BJP's Vinay Katiyar: "Why Do Muslims Live in India?"|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> These views were shared after his comments about the [[Taj Mahal]], claiming that the monument was a Hindu temple in the period of [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] rule and implied that it would soon be returned to its 'original state' through its destruction.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/867633/taj-mahal-will-soon-become-tej-mandir-says-bjp-mp-vinay-katiyar|title=Taj Mahal will soon become 'Tej Mandir', says BJP MP Vinay Katiyar|author=Scroll Staff|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/221262/taj-mahal-bjp-vinay-katiyar/|title=BJP MP Charged With Demolishing Babri Masjid Now Wants Taj Mahal Converted Into 'Tej Mandir' – The Wire|last=Staff|first=The Wire|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Katiyar, Vinay}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya district]]
[[Category:Bajrang Dal members]]
[[Category:Indian far-right politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]

Bastar wooden craft

2025-06-12T08:52:45Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Traditional crafts in India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Wooden crafts of Chhattisgarh
| color = RED
| logo =
| image = 022a-bastar ladies all togather.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names =
| description = 
| type = Handicraft
| area = [[Bastar district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| country = India
| registered = 2008–2009
| material = Wood
| official website = 
}}

'''Bastar wooden crafts''' are traditional Indian [[wood]]en crafts that are manufactured in the [[Bastar district|Bastar]] district of [[Chhattisgarh]] state, [[India]]. The wood-crafting work has been protected under the [[Geographical indication]] (GI) of the [[Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights]] (TRIPS) agreement. It is listed at item 84 as "Bastar Wooden Craft" of the GI Act 1999 of the Government of India with registration confirmed by the Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_18November2015.pdf|title=State Wise Registration Details Of G.I Applications|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201065403/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_18November2015.pdf|archivedate=1 February 2016}}</ref>

Chhattisgarh, especially Bastar people have excellent skills in variety of craft work including [[Dhokra]], bamboo craft, wrought iron craft, tribal dress, traditional textile, Kantha embroidery, [[terracotta]], tribal painting, [[bell metal]], etc. Their skills have been recognized by national and state awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cghandicraft.com/state-award.aspx |title=AWARD LIST |publisher=Chhattisgarh Handicrafts Development Board |accessdate=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206232302/http://www.cghandicraft.com/state-award.aspx |archivedate=6 February 2016 }}</ref> [[Badhai]] people are skilled in this woodcraft work and they are divided into two groups. One group make agricultural instruments and other group make decorative and totemic pillars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cghandicraft.com/wood-craft.asp |title=Wood Craft |publisher=Chhattisgarh Handicrafts Development Board |accessdate=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913013104/http://www.cghandicraft.com/wood-craft.asp |archivedate=13 September 2015 }}</ref> Another community, knows as [[Muria people]] also has woodcarving skills. The Murias are best in craftsmanship. Their skill apply in various objects that from small to big.<ref>{{cite book | title=History, Religion and Culture of India, Volume 5 | publisher=Gyan Publishing House | author=Gajrani, S. | year=2004 | pages=310 | isbn=8182050642}}</ref> They turn craft skills into interpretation of basic lifestyles and basic routines of life such as [[threshing|chaffing]] of paddy, [[Grinding (abrasive cutting)|grinding]] grains, etc. They express their culture and religious faiths into craft art that reflect through gods, goddess, music culture of the community and wildlife. The craft work heavily depended as hand-made where there is no machinery usage or rare use in particular areas only.

In 2024, Bastar wooden craft was exhibited at the Durbar Hall Art Gallery in Bhopal during the Chhattisgarh Handicrafts Showcase. The exhibit featured tribal woodcraft items, drawing praise for preserving indigenous craftsmanship.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribal Museum festival showcases wood crafts |work=Times of India |date=June 10, 2025}}</ref>

Woodcraft in Bastar has beautiful and unique form of art that was mastered by Bastar tribal and it helps their livelihood. The handicrafts product has decent market in different parts of India as well as in some foreign countries. They use [[teak]] wood, [[Dalbergia sissoo|Indian Rosewood]], whitewood and other finest wood to craft various handicraft items.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiatourismecatalog.com/india_tribal_rural/tribal_rural_chhattisgarh.html | title=Handicraft in Chhattisgarh | accessdate=4 February 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301034051/http://www.indiatourismecatalog.com/india_tribal_rural/tribal_rural_chhattisgarh.html | archive-date=1 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Bastar Wooden Craft has been exhibited at "Durbar Hall Art Gallery" too.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/true-tribal-mettle/article1417089.ece | title=True tribal mettle | work=The Hindu | date=22 May 2008 | accessdate=7 February 2016}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Kinnal Craft]]
*[[Channapatna toys]]

* [[List of Geographical Indications in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite book | title=Tribal arts and crafts of Madhya Pradesh | publisher=Mapin Publishing | author=Manohar, Aashi | year=1996 | pages=142 | isbn=0-944142-71-0}}
* {{cite book | title=The India Magazine of Her People and Culture, Volume 7 | publisher=A. H. Advani | year=1986 | pages=142 }}
* {{cite book | title=Designing and Implementing Global Supply Chain Management | publisher=IGI Global | author=Joshi, Sudhanshu | year=2015 | pages=342 | isbn=978-1-4666-9721-8}}

[[Category:Indian handicrafts]]
[[Category:Artistic techniques]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bastar district]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Indian woodwork]]

Takhatgadh Kampa

2025-05-30T16:05:13Z

Greensobhacondo: small fix page for consistency and added references as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{one source|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Takhatgadh Kampa
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
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| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]],
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +02770
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#GJ.E2.80.94Gujarat|GJ]]-9
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Takhatgadh''' is a village 25 kilometers away from taluka headquarters [[Prantij]], and 15 kilometers away from District headquarters [[Himatnagar]] in [[Sabarkantha district]], [[Gujarat]], India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Takhatgadh Pin Code |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/gujarat/sabarkantha/takhatgadh |website=indiatvnews.com |publisher=Independent News Service |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>

Takhatgadh was a dense forest in 1924 when Premjibhai Punjabhai Patel bought a thousand hectares of land from [[Ranasan Town|Ranasan]] and Mohanpur [[States and union territories of India|States]], where the village came into existence.

Village housing was planned on both sides leaving a broad road in between; land of both the states of Ranasan and Mohanpur was taken to give the settlers enough land for cultivation; all land was vested with individual ownership with no common land. The village was developed in sectors having equal size of roads in all wards, with equal sized plots for all houses in straight streets.

Takhatgadh is a "Samras" village established long before the state government launched scheme of samras village.{{explain|date=April 2023}}

In the 1980s the villagers raised funds and built a hospital with [[Community health center|Community Health Center]] (CHC) level facilities.

Due to ground water depletion villagers formed an irrigation society in the year 2005. The state government has allotted the village water from the Narmada River through a pipeline from [[Dahegam|Dehgam]], 4 kilometers away.

Takhatgadh Group Service Cooperative Society ltd. was established in 1962, giving short term, medium term and long term loans.

The Takhatgadh Milk Producing Cooperative Society Ltd. has milk sales of Rs.75,00,000/-per year.

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*Government of Gujarat SPIPA research of [https://spipa.gujarat.gov.in/downloads/family_takhatgadh.pdf Takhatgadh Village]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH_YmKGvv4A Documentary of Takhatgadh] Village and people lifestyle.

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Villages in Sabarkantha district]]

Time Out (Indian TV series)

2025-05-14T16:45:05Z

Greensobhacondo:

{{Short description|Comedy-drama mini web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Time Out (web series).jpg
| genre = [[Comedy-drama]]
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Danish Aslam
* Jaya Misra}}
| director = [[Danish Aslam]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]
* [[Sarah-Jane Dias]]}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Danish Aslam
* Rishab Seth}}
| news_editor =
| cinematography = Jay Bhansali
| editor = Vinay Mandal Sundiip Singh Pravin Jahagirdar
}}

'''Time Out''' is an Indian 2017 [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] mini web series directed by [[Danish Aslam]] and produced by [[Voot]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Voot's new original 'Time Out' out on November 28 - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/voots-new-original-time-out-out-on-november-28-87362.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=exchange4media |date=27 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref> starring [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=In Bed With Tahir Raj Bhasin: "ABC: Apple-Beetroot-Carrot Juice is my detox after a fun evening out!" |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/in-bed-with-tahir-raj-bhasin-abc-apple-beetroot-carrot-juice-is-my-detox-after-a-fun-evening-out-101649437919377.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sarah-Jane Dias]] in the lead roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Ranjish Hi Sahi actor Tahir Raj Bhasin: 'It's what you refuse that makes you, not what you accept' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ranjish-hi-sahi-actor-tahir-raj-bhasin-its-what-you-refuse-that-makes-you-not-what-you-accept-7719509/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It premiered on the video streaming platform Voot in 2017.<ref name=":2" />

== Plot ==
The series deals with marriage issues in a comic and dramatic way. It is about a happily married couple Rahul (Tahir Raj Bhasin) and Radha (Sarah-Jane Dias). Their relationship is full of romance and going smooth and sound. Rahul and his spouse, Radha, who is trying to become pregnant, find their journey beginning when Rahul learns that his wife is expecting. And, reinforcing most of the male stereotypes out there, Rahul does not want a kid. He realizes he has been leading the life he is supposed to and not necessarily the one he wants to.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]] as Rahul
* [[Sarah-Jane Dias]] as Radha
* Rohan Khurana as Zain
* [[Shishir Sharma]] as Rajat
* [[Sahil Vaid]] as Ashish
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]] as Bansal
* [[Rashi Mal]] as Kaya
* [[Jugal Hansraj]] as Ved
* Mansi Multani as Priya

== Release ==
Time Out had released on Voot on 27 November 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Important to take time off: Actor Tahir Raj Bhasin |url=https://peepingmoon.com/webcast-news/news/24104/Important-to-take-time-off-Actor-Tahir-Raj-Bhasin.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Peepingmoon |date=11 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Its trailer ammased nearly 107,000 views on [[YouTube]].

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 ===
{{Series overview|color1=#005F6C|link1=#Season_1|episodes1=6|released1={{Start date|2017|11|27|df=yes}}}}{{Episode table|background=#005F6C|overall=|season=|title=|director=|airdate=|episodes={{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 1
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| Title = Can you hit pause on life?
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 2
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| Title = Baby or Bae?
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 3
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| Title = On a sabbatical, from marriage!
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 4
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| Title = It's official! We're on a break
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 5
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| Title = Collision course and collateral damage
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list/sublist
| EpisodeNumber = 6
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| Title = Will he, won't he?
| DirectedBy = Danish Aslam
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|11|27|df=y}}
}}}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical reviews ===
Almas Khateeb of ''[[The Quint]]'' wrote "here really are no shades of grey with such shows. I do give it to Voot for coming up with Time Out. It does address issues like ‘urban poverty’, extra-marital affairs, unwilling parenthood, and more. What it doesn't do however, is execute them with any reality."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khateeb |first=Almas |date=2018-01-03 |title='Time out' Review: The Unrealistically Realistic Life in a Metro |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/time-out-review-voot |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

Rahul Desai from ''[[Anupama Chopra|Film Companion]]'' said "Time Out is pretentious and silly because it tries to appear confident about its decorated sentiments and sanitized sinning. It's important someone like Tahir Raj Bhasin realises that he can be better than this. It's essential that the makers don't think they can continue creating myopic Riverdale worlds out of real-life experiences."

A reviewer for ''The Opinionated Indian'' reviewed the show more positively "Romcom aficionados will love this show. The show can be enjoyed by the Netflix drama loving audience as well. Do not watch it expecting to get an out of this world experience. It is a simple story, made complex by the life choices of the lead pair. It does have a message for all urban married couples, who have started off on their journey together."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-25 |title=Time Out (Voot) Review |url=https://theopinionatedindian.com/entertainment/time-out-(voot)-review/cid2224615.htm |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=theopinionatedindian.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=7807324}}

[[Category:Comedy-drama web series]]
[[Category:2017 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]

Kendriya Vidyalaya Bambolim

2025-05-14T16:00:46Z

Greensobhacondo: new initial info w/ infobox!

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=September 2010}}
{{Notability|date=July 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}

'''K V Bambolim''' is a Kendriya Vidyalaya in the 3TTR, 5TTR and 2STC army camp, in [[Bambolim]], [[Goa]], India.
Nested in the mountains of [[Bambolim]], it has a panoramic view of the city of Panaji. The school has sports, academics and other curricular activities.

Sprawling over seven acres of land, Kendriya Vidyalaya Bambolim Camp is situated in the surroundings of Bambolim in the Army Camp, near GMC, along NH-17, only 5 km away from Panaji.

Started in 1984 up to class V, it caters to the educational needs of the children of defence personnels, state and central government employees and others. It is a double section school running classes from I to XII (Commerce and Science stream).

== Administration ==
The school begun functioning in the academic year of 1984-85. The hierarchy of the school consists of a Principal, Vice Principal and other staff (teaching and non teaching). The present principal is Sri Patil R A since 11 August 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kvbambolim.in/english-staff |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bambolim Camp, Goa :: Staff Members |access-date=27 October 2017 |archive-date=27 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027130338/http://www.kvbambolim.in/english-staff |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.kvsromumbai.gov.in/directory_pricipals.html {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> The school has a Chairman, held by the Commanding Officer, 3TTR, 5TTR and 2STC. The Chairman presides over the PTA meetings. The Chairman is [[Indian Army|Brigadier]] A K Sharma, Commandant 2STC.<ref>http://www.kvsromumbai.gov.in/directory_chairman_VMC.html {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>

Starting from 2010, the school has a Student Council consisting of the School Captains, Vice Captains, Sports Captains, House Captains, Vice Captains, Sports Captains all elected by the students of the school. The Captains are selected from the senior most class while the Vice Captains are selected from the second senior most class.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kvsangathan.nic.in/ann-17-08-10.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 September 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827013507/http://www.kvsangathan.nic.in/ann-17-08-10.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The school falls under the Mumbai region of the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|KVS]] for all purposes, including examinations and inter-school competitions. The Secondary and Post-Secondary examinations in the Tenth and Twelfth standards are held under the Chennai region.

== Academics ==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2022}}
The staff of the school consists of permanent and temporary teachers. The school follows the syllabus accorded by the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]. The school offers Science and Commerce at the pre university level.

== Curricular activities ==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2022}}
Every Friday the students from the four houses compete against their peers in activities such as debates, dance, elocution, declamation, mimes, group dance, and quizzes.

Apart from the inter-house competitions the students participate with other [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]s in Regional and National Level science and social science fairs that are held each year. The school has a Scouts and Guides unit.

Being central government affiliated the school has grand celebrations on national holidays of significance such as 26 January (Republic Day) and 15 August (Independence Day). Every year the students celebrate Teacher's Day on 5 September.

== Infrastructure ==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2022}}
The school building is divided into the Primary (1st to 5th grade) Secondary (6th to 10th grade) and Higher secondary/ Pre -University (11th and 12th Grade). Addressed inside the army camp with a huge campagna set aside to it, the school has a multipurpose ground which can be used for track and field, soccer and cricket. There is an outdoors basketball court, volleyball court and a badminton court within the school campus as well as a park with swings and slides for the primary block children. There is a kabaddi ground, and a long jump pit but all of them are out of order and no action is taken by the administrators to set them right.

== See also ==
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]
* [[List of Kendriya Vidyalayas]]
* [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
* [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.kvbambolim.in/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623102426/http://www.kvbambolim.in/index.php |date=23 June 2012 }}

== External links ==
* [http://kvsangathan.nic.in/ Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]

{{Coord|15.472|73.866|display=title}}

[[Category: High schools and secondary schools in Goa]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas in Goa]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1984]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas]]

Veer Balak Smarak

2024-09-25T05:52:10Z

Greensobhacondo: started first article w/ sources

{{Infobox museum
| name = Veer Balak Smarak
| logo =
| logo_upright =
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| coordinates = {{Coord|display=title, inline}}
| former_name =
| established = {{Start date|2022|08|28|df=y}}
| dissolved = 
| location = [[Anjar, Gujarat|Anjar]], [[Kutch district]], [[Gujarat]], India
| type = [[Memorial museum]]
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections =
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}}
'''Veer Balak Smarak''' ({{lit|Brave Children Memorial}}) is a [[memorial museum]] dedicated to the victims of [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] in [[Anjar, Gujarat|Anjar]], [[Kutch district]], (Kachchh) [[Gujarat]], India.

==History==
The memorial is dedicated to the 185 school children and 20 teachers who died during the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] while holding a rally on the [[Republic Day of India]]. It was built at the cost of {{INRconvert|17|c}}.<ref name="etv">{{Cite web |title=અંજારના વીર બાળક સ્મારકની વિશેષતાઓ, પીએમ મોદી કચ્છ પ્રવાસમાં કરશે લોકાર્પિત |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/state/kutch/features-of-veer-balak-memorial-in-anjar-pm-modi-kutch-visit-aug-2022/gj20220825192526303303652 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Webdunia |title=આજે કચ્છના અંજારમાં ‘વીર બાળક સ્મારક’નું વડાપ્રધાન નરેન્દ્ર મોદી લોકાર્પણ કરશે |url=https://gujarati.webdunia.com/regional-gujarat-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-will-inaugurate-the-veer-baldik-memorial-in-anjar-kutch-122082600006_1.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=gujarati.webdunia.com |language=gu}}</ref> The project to construct memorial was probably announced in 2008. Following several delays, the project was approved by the [[Government of Gujarat]] in 2017 and the construction was started in 2018.<ref name="etv"/> The museum and memorial design as well as its curation is done by Design Factory India. It was inaugurated on 28 August 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="ht1">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-28 |title=PM Modi to inaugurate ‘Veer Balak Memorial’ in Gujarat. Details here |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-veer-balak-memorial-in-gujarat-details-here-101661663487296.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="etv"/>

==Features==
There are five sections in the memorial museum. The first "Memories of the past" section displays names of the victims. The second "The destruction" section has debris from the earthquake along with display of belongings and replicas of belongings of the victims. The third "Experience" section has an earthquake simulator while the fourth "Science and Knowledge" section shows the science behind the earthquake. The final gallery section called "Think about it" asks the visitor various questions about one's experience.<ref name="etv"/><ref name="ht1"/>

The memorial is constructed outside the museum with a wall displaying names and images of the victims. The bright light called "Prakashpunj" light ups the memorial and can be seen from anywhere in the town.<ref name="etv"/><ref name="ht1"/> There is also an auditorium.<ref name="etv"/>

== See also ==

* [[Smritivan Earthquake Memorial and Museum]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Museums in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Local museums in India]]
[[Category:Museums established in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kutch district]]