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Mupkal, Nizamabad district

2026-05-08T15:12:31Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Mupkal-nizamabad-503218.png|thumb|pincode<ref>{{cite web |title=Mupkal Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Mupkal, Nizamabad, Telangana, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/telangana/nizamabad/mupkal |website=www.indiatvnews.com |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

'''Mupkal''' is a village in [[Mupkal Mandal]] in [[Nizamabad district]] of the Indian state of [[Telangana]]. It is located {{convert|39|km}} north east of [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] and {{convert|2|km}} north from [[Balkonda]], 15 km north of Armoor, 20 km south from Nirmal.

Kisan Nagar (2 km), Kothpally (2 km), Nagapur (3 km), Jalalpur (4 km), Vempally (4 km) are the nearest villages. Mupkal is surrounded by Armoor Mandal towards South, Velpur Mandal to the South, Mortad Mandal to the East, Nandipet Mandal to the west. Armoor, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Koratla, Bhainsa are the closest cities.

==Demographics==

The local language is [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. The total population is 6,296 people, {{when|date=June 2016}} including 3,106 males and 3,190 females living in 1,512 houses. Mupkal's area is 739 hectares (~2.85 sq. mi.).

==Transport==

[[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] is the nearest town to Mupkal at a distance of 50 km. The two towns are connected by roads.

No rail station is within 10 km of Mupkal. The nearest station is in the nearby town of [[Armoor]], 15 km away. The nearest major station is located in [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], 42 km away.

==Education==
*New Horizons School, Mupkal
*MPPS Mupkal
*S C Jr College Mupkal Balkonda (MD)
*Zphs Mukpal
*Sri Saraswathi Sishu Mandhir
*Krishnaveni talent school
*Rishiniketan School

==Irrigation water & Mupkal Pump House (Zero Point)==
The stage has been set for pumping Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme (KLIS) water into the Sri Ram Sagar project. Pumping of water into the SRSP by adopting reverse pumping system would mark the culmination of a critical feat in the implementation of the SRSP Rejuvenation Scheme with an outlay of Rs 1,750 crore.

Two of the three pumphouses, which came up as part of the Rejuvenation Scheme at Rampur and Rajeswarraopet in Jagitial district, have become operational. Wet run of the pumping units at Mupkal pumphouse set up in the last leg of the reverse pumping network of the SRSP flood flow canal is in progress, according to the KLIS Engineer-in-Chief N Venkateswarlu.

Chief Minister Chandrasekhar Rao laid the foundation for the SRSP rejuvenation scheme at Pochampad on August 10, 2017, and works were completed in a record time of two years. The successful completion of the wet run of the pumping unit at Mupkal would facilitate pumping of water into the SRSP from 100th km point of the 122 km-long SRSP flood flow canal.
[[File:SRSPMUPKAL.jpg|thumb]]

Lakshmi / Laxmi Canal with a total length of 3.5 km from Sri Ram Sagar Project reservoir to Peddavagu is used to irrigate {{convert|8,849|ha|acre|abbr=off}} of ayacut with a head discharge of 14.12 Cumecs (500 Cusecs) in Mupkal mandal, Nizamabad District.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{coord|18|55|N|78|21|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Villages in Nizamabad district]]

Pushpa Impossible

2026-05-05T18:45:59Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{short description|Indian drama television series (2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pushpa Impossible.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
*Rajesh Joshi
*Shabia Walia}}
| creative_director = Nirav Vaidya
| director = Pradeep Yadav, Nitin Patil
| creator = [[Jamnadas Majethia]]
| starring = [[#Main|See below]]
| producer = [[Jamnadas Majethia]]
| company = Hats Off Productions
| location =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 1,224 
| list_episodes =
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| network = [[Sony SAB]] [[SonyLIV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|06|06|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| runtime = 22-26 minutes
}}
'''''Pushpa Impossible''''' is an Indian television drama series produced by [[Jamnadas Majethia]] under Hats Off Productions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/columns/article/gujarati-drama-pushpa-impossible-is-story-of-mother-for-whom-everything-is-possible-169276|title=Gujarati drama Pushpa Impossible is story of mother for whom everything is possible | પુષ્પા ઇમ્પૉસિબલ : એવી માની વાત, જેને માટે બધું છે પૉસિબલ|date=2 June 2022|website=www.gujaratimidday.com}}</ref> The series stars Karuna Pandey Vaidya in the titular role and premiered on 6 June 2022 on [[Sony SAB]] and digitally streams on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/pushpa-impossibles-karuna-pandey-i-dont-have-restrictions-i-can-play-any-role/videoshow/92007338.cms|title=Pushpa Impossible's Karuna Pandey: I don't have restrictions, I can play any role | TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The story revolves around Pushpa Randeriya Patel, a 45-year-old woman from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], who lives in the Bapodra Chawl of [[Mumbai]] with her children: Ashwin, Chirag, and Rashi. The show also focuses the life of Swara, an orphan whom Ashwin and Deepti adopted.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Karuna Pandey Vaidya as Pushpa Randeriya – Ashwin, Chirag, and Rashi's mother; Dilip's ex-wife; Swara's adoptive grandmother (2022–present)<ref name="s">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/against-all-odds-398605|title=Pushpa Impossible narrates a story of a self-made woman living in Mumbai Chawl room|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
** Hansika Jangid portrayed as young Pushpa in 2022 later Snigdha Suman portrayed as young Pushpa (2022–present)
** Vaidya also portrayed Basanti Gupta: Pushpa's lookalike; Shikhar's ex-girlfriend (2024)
* Naveen Pandita as Ashwin Patel – Pushpa and Dilip's elder son; Chirag and Rashi's brother; Deepti's husband; Ansh and Titli's biological father; Swara's adoptive father. (2022–2025)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/navin-pandita-will-be-seen-in-sony-sabs-new-show-pushpa-impossible-heres-a-chat-with-the-handsome-actor%E2%80%A6-402674|title=Navin Pandita will be seen in Sony SAB's new show Pushpa Impossible. Here's a chat with the handsome actor…|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
** [[Samridh Bawa]] replaced Pandita as Ashwin (2025–present)
** Abhay Pratap Yadav as young Ashwin (2022; 2023)
* [[Darshan Gurjar]] as Chirag Patel – Pushpa and Dilip's younger son; Ashwin and Rashi's brother; Prarthana's widower (2022–2025)<ref name="s"/>
**Nitin Babu replaced Gurjar as Chirag (2025–present)<ref name="Leap">{{Cite news |date=2025-11-04 |title=Pushpa Impossible takes a 7-year leap, Karuna Pandey steps into the role of a lawyer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pushpa-impossible-takes-a-7-year-leap-karuna-pandey-steps-into-the-role-of-a-lawyer/articleshow/125083508.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
** Riyansh Ayer as young Chirag (2022; 2023)
* Deshna Dugad as Rashi Patel – Pushpa and Dilip's daughter; Ashwin and Chirag's sister; Rishabh's ex-wife<ref name="s" /> (2022–2025)
** Akshaya Hindalkar replaced Dugad as Rashi. (2025–present)<ref name="Leap"/>
** Mahi Bhadra as young Rashi Patel (2023)
* Garima Parihar as Deepti "Deepu" Parikh Patel – Sonal and Manish's daughter; Ashwin's wife; Ansh and Titli's biological mother; Swara's adoptive mother. (2022–2025)
** [[Deeksha Joshi]] replaced Parihar as Deepti (2025–present)
** Lavishka Gupta as young Deepti (2022)
* Indraxi Kanjilal as Prarthana "Pannu" Bapodra Patel – Narhari and Sushila's daughter; Roshan's elder sister; Chirag's wife (2022–2025)
**Pooja Katurde replaced Kanjilal as Prarthana (2025–2026)<ref name="Leap"/>

===Recurring===
* Jayesh Barbhaya as Narhari Bapodra – Owner of Bapodra Chawl; Bharat's brother; Sushila's husband; Prarthana and Roshan's father (2022–present)
* Tulika Patel as Sushila "Sushi" Bapodra – Narhari's wife; Prarthana and Roshan's mother; Pushpa's best friend (2022–present)
* [[Sarita Joshi]] as Radha Kulkarni Limaye – Lakshman's daughter; Vinayak's widow; Pranav's mother; Mitali's's grandmother; Pushpa's mentor (2022–present)
* [[Bhakti Rathod]] as Sonal Parikh – Manish's wife; Deepti's mother; Swara's adoptive grandmother<ref name="r">{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=Pushpa Impossible :अपनी मां को सम्मान देने के लिए जेडी मजीठिया की पुष्पा इम्पॉसिबल की टीम ने उठाया यह कदम |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/pushpa-impossible-to-give-tribute-to-all-wonderful-mothers-jd-majethia-decided-to-add-mothers-names-as-part-of-documents-au98-1273332.html |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh}}</ref> (2022–2025)
* Sachin Parikh as Manish Parikh – Kunjbala's son; Sonal's husband; Deepti's father; Swara's adoptive grandfather (2022–2025)
* Amish Tanna as Mahendra Thakkar – A local shopkeeper at Bapodra Chawl; Golu's adoptive father. (2022–present)
* Hans Aslot as Gopal "Golu" Thakkar – Ayushi's son; Gaurav's step-son; Mahendra's adopted son. (2022–2025)
* Mansi Jain as Asawari Joshi Saran – Bhaskar's widow; Vikram's wife; Aarav's mother. (2022-2025)
* Vikram Mehta as Bhaskar Joshi – Shobha's son; Ashwin's best friend; Asawari's first husband; Aarav's father. (2022–2024)
* Kavita Jadhav as Shobha Joshi - Bhaskar's mother. (2022-2025)
* Sanat Vyas as Arvind Upadhyay – Pushpa's childhood teacher at Patan School. (2022–2024)
* Chinmay Shivalkar as Munna Pandey – Chirag's friend. (2022–2025)
* Parthasarthi Vaidya as Kanjibhai Randeriya, Pushpa's father; mentor to Pushpa & Jugal; father in law to Dilip Patel; maternal grandfather to Ashwin, Chirag & Rashi
* Aditi Bhagat as Manasi Raidhan – A stubborn and ambitious businesswoman; Shekhar and Vasundhara's daughter; Dilip's step-daughter (2022–2023)
* Jayesh More as Dilip Patel – Pushpa and Vasundhara's ex-husband; Ashwin, Chirag and Rashi's father; Manasi's step-father; Swara's adoptive grandfather (2022–present)
* [[Deepali Pansare]] as Vasundhara Raidhan – Dilip's ex–wife; Manasi's mother (2023)
* [[Ketki Dave]] as Kunjbala Parikh – Manish's mother; Deepti's grandmother (2022–2024)
* [[Jagat Rawat]] as Ashutosh Nanavati – Founder and Trustee at Nirmala Nanavati School; Pushpa's mentor (2022–2025)
* Adish Vaidya as Vikram Saran – Teacher at Nirmala Nanavati School; Rashi's mentor; Asawari's husband. (2022–2025)
* Pratham Bhatt as Sunny Bapodra – Bharat & Bharati's son; Narhari and Sushila’s nephew; Prathana and Roshan’s cousin (2022–2025)
* Saud Mansuri as Aryan Bharadwaj – Pramod's son; Rashi's enemy turned friend. (2022–2023)
* Dhruvansh Parmar as Parminder "Cheese" Singh – Rashi and Pushpa's classmate and friend. (2022–2024)
* Divyam Dubey as Sameer "Sam" – Rashi and Pushpa's classmate and friend. (2022–2024)
* Vrinda Duvani as Meghna – Rashi's best friend. (2022–2024)
* Neelam Singh as Neelima – Household help at Bapodra Chawal; Ramesh's wife. (2022-2025)
* Neha Dandale as DCP Tejaswi Deshpande – Devi's friend and DCP officer (2022–present)
* Manoj Gupta as Inspector Manoj – Chirag's friend and employer (2022–2025)
* [[Urvashi Dholakia]] as Advocate Devi Singh Shekhawat – A criminal lawyer; Tejaswi's friend; Roshni's mother (2023–2025)
* [[Anshul Trivedi]] as Jugal Setalwaad – Shubhra's widower; Pushpa's childhood bestfriend; Viren's cousin; Kadambari's Husband (2023–2025)
** Harsh Usdadiya Patel as Young Jugal (2023)
* Ravi Parmar as Binesh – Ashwin's friend turned Rival (2023-2024)
* Jya Mishra as Riddhi Ganatra – The News Spot; Chirag's friend (2023–2024)
* Hemant Kher as Viren Setalwaad – Patola Businessman; Jugal's cousin; Shubra's murderer (2023–2024, 2026–present)
* Utpal Dashora as Guru Bhasin; Dilip's rival and famous goon, Rashi and Roshan's kidnapper (2023–2024)
* Sampada Kulkarni as Varsha Limaye – Pranav's widow; Mitali's mother, Radha's daughter in law (2023–2024)
* Alisha Tunga as Mitali Limaye – Pranav and Varsha's daughter, Radha's granddaughter (2022,2024)
* Shahrukh Sadri as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Raj Patil - a politician of Jana Ganana Party (2023-2024)
* Vrihi Kodvara as Swara Patel – Sarita's daughter; Deepti and Ashwin's adopted daughter, Pushpa's adopted granddaughter (2024–2025)
** Pari Bhati replaced Kodvara as Swara. (2025–present)<ref name="Leap"/>
* Aarya Dharmchand as Varun - Kavya's husband (2024–2025)
* Bhumika Chheda as Kavya - Varun's wife; Deepti's enemy (2024–2025)
* Hitul Pujara as Saurabh Trivedi a.k.a. Badshah - Ravi, Badri and Panki's elder brother; Rashi's love interest (2024–2025)
** Siddharth Vakil replaced Pujara as Saurabh. (2026-present)
* Nayan Bhatnagar as Badri Trivedi a.k.a. Stapler - Saurabh, Ravi and Panki's brother (2024–2025)
* Amit Shivade as Ravi Trivedi a.k.a. Chewingum - Saurabh, Badri and Panki's brother (2024–2025)
* Brinda Trivedi as Kadambari Mandaliya Setalwad- Jugal's widow turned murderer (2025–present)
* Hansika Jangid as Panki Trivedi a.k.a. Munni - Saurabh, Badri and Ravi's younger sister (2025)
* [[Gaurav Chopra]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Cirag|date=2 May 2025|title=Gaurav Chopra Marks His Return To TV With Pushpa Impossible After 5-Year Hiatus|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/gaurav-chopra-marks-his-return-to-tv-with-pushpa-impossible-after-5-year-hiatus-aa-9321349.html|access-date=9 May 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref> as Professor Rajveer Shastri - Rohini's ex-husbund; Riya's father (2025–present)
* Samveg Kaudan as Ansh Patel – Deepti and Ashwin's son; Titli's twin brother; Swara's adopted brother (2025–present)
* Bhoomi Ramola as Titli Setalwad – Deepti and Ashwin's daughter; Kadambari and Jugal's adopted daughter; Ansh's twin sister; Swara's adopted sister (2025–present)
* Pratham Walker as Roshan Bapodra - Sushila and Narhari's son; Prarthana's younger brother. (2025–present)
* Shrey Maradiya as Rishab Maheshwari - Rashi's husband. (2025–2026)<ref name="Leap"/>
* Sejal Shah as Madhumati Maheshwari - Rishab's mother. (2025–2026)
* Nitin Vakharia as Bhavarlal Maheshwari - Rishab's father. (2025–2026)
* Deepak Pareek as Advocate Dakshesh "Dakku" Joshipura from ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'' (2025–present)<ref name="Leap"/>
* Muskan Bamne as Shanaya Mehta<ref name="Mehtas">{{Cite news |date=2026-02-20 |title=Muskan Bamne and Saptarshi Ghosh join Pushpa Impossible as a high-impact hit-and-run twist awaits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/muskan-bamne-and-saptarshi-ghosh-join-pushpa-impossible-as-a-high-impact-hit-and-run-twist-awaits/articleshow/128610591.cms |access-date=2026-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> (2026–present)
* Saptarshi Ghosh as Shantanu Mehta<ref name="Mehtas"/> (2026–present)

===Guest===
* Kalpesh Chauhan as Advocate Kunal Asthana – Narhari's lawyer. (2022)
* Hemang K Palan as Jagdish – A local tailor. (2022)
* [[Mona Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/mona-singh-returns-tv-after-6-years-show-pushpa-impossible-1166914%3famp|title=Mona Singh returns to TV after 6 years with the show Pushpa Impossible, will play a cameo role of Honourable Advocate Ms. Damini Shergill|date=24 July 2022|website=Pinkvilla}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mona Singh's look from Pushpa Impossible revealed, will be seen as lawyer Damini Mehra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mona-singhs-look-from-pushpa-revealed-will-be-seen-as-lawyer-damini-mehra/articleshow/93345237.cms|access-date=2022-08-04|website=Times of India|date=4 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> as Advocate Damini Mehra – Owner of Damini Mehra Associates; A social activist and reputed advocate of Mumbai; Shweta's mother; Pushpa's lawyer. (2022)
* Milky Shrivastav as Shweta Mehra – Damini's daughter. (2022)
* [[Sumeet Raghvan]] as Rajesh Wagle from ''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey'' (2022; 2023)
* [[Bharati Achrekar]] as Radhika Wagle from ''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey'' (2022)
* Sheehan Kapahi as Atharva Wagle from ''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey'' (2022; 2023)
* Amit Soni as Harshad Agarwal from ''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey'' (2023)
* Shatakshee Jain as Roshni Shekhawat – Devi Shekhawat's daughter. (2023)
* Gunjan Bhatia as Ayushi Agarwal – Golu's biological mother (2023)
* Dalip Gulati as Gaurav Agarwal – Ayushi's husband; Golu's stepfather (2023)
* [[Bhavya Gandhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-06 |title=TMKOC Fame Bhavya Gandhi To Play Negative Role In Pushpa Impossible |url=https://www.news18.com/television/tmkoc-fame-bhavya-gandhi-to-play-negative-role-in-pushpa-impossible-9041465.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title= Bhavya Gandhi Says Playing Antagonist In 'Pushpa Impossible' Is Different From Tappu In 'TMKOC' |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bhavya-gandhi-says-playing-antagonist-in-pushpa-impossible-is-different-from-tappu-in-tmkoc/articleshow/113242066.cms |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> as Prabhas Khanna: Raviraj's son (2024)
* Pragya Mishra as Sarita – Swara's biological mother (2024)
* [[Manish Khanna]] as Advocate Somnath Suryavanshi (2024)
* [[Mehul Kajaria]] as Dr. Jay Kamat: A neurosurgeon; Dr. Prabhakar Karnik's student (2024)

==Production==

===Casting===
Karuna Pandey Vaidya, Naveen Pandita, Deshna Dugad and [[Darshan Gurjar]] were cast in the leading characters of Pushpa Randeriya Patel, Ashwin Patel, Rashi Patel and Chirag Patel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/i-completely-relate-to-pushpa-says-karuna-pandey-400042|title='I completely relate to Pushpa,' says Karuna Pandey|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> In September 2025, Pandita quit the series, replaced by [[Samridh Bawa]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=17 September 2025|title=Samridh Bawa replaces Naveen Pandita in Pushpa Impossible as Ashwin|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/samridh-bawa-fills-in-the-shoes-for-ashwin-patel-in-pushpa-impossible-23594488|access-date=18 September 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> In December 2025, [[Deeksha Joshi]] replaced Parihar as Deepti.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2 December 2025|title=Deeksha Joshi on making her Hindi television debut with Pushpa Impossible: ‘Like the theme they deal with’|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/pushpa-impossible-deeksha-joshi-calls-television-the-most-difficult-medium-23605804|access-date=9 December 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Crossovers==
''Pushpa Impossible'' had multiple crossovers with ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', from 12 September 2022 to 13 September 2022, on 1 July 2023, on 9 September 2024 and on 14 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pushpa-impossible-and-wagle-ki-duniya-mahasangam-on-the-special-occasion-of-ganesh-chaturthi/articleshow/94071335.cms|title=Pushpa Impossible and Wagle ki Duniya mahasangam on the special occasion of Ganesh Chaturthi|newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-09 |title=Sony SAB's 'Wagle Ki Duniya' & 'Pushpa Impossible' to feature longer episodes |url=https://www.adgully.com/sony-sab-s-wagle-ki-duniya--pushpa-impossible-to-feature-longer-episodes-150172.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.adgully.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

It had a crossover with ''[[Itti Si Khushi]]'' from 24 September 2025 to 26 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-26 |title=Itti Si Khushi’s Anvita and Pushpa Impossible’s Pushpa’s paths cross; come together for Mahasangam episode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/itti-si-khushis-anvita-and-pushpa-impossibles-pushpas-paths-cross-come-together-for-mahasangam-episode/articleshow/124161685.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin-right:0;"
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Violet; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Violet; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Sudhamani Supera'' സുധാമണി സൂപ്പറാ
| 12 June 2023
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 17 December 2023
| Remake<ref>{{cite web|title=Sudhamani Supera Serial Starring Anju Aravind, Launching on 12 June – Zee Keralam Channel|url=https://www.news.keralatv.in/sudhamani-supera-serial-zee-keralam/|date=29 May 2023|access-date=31 July 2024|work=Kerala TV}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==
* [https://www.hatsoffproduction.com/ Production Website]
* {{IMDb title|id=20872936}}
* [https://www.sabtv.com/en_usa/shows/264/pushpa_impossible Pushpa Impossible] on [[Sony SAB]]
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/pushpa-impossible-1700000921 Pushpa Impossible] on [[SonyLIV]]

{{Sony SAB Programmes}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]
[[Category:Hats Off Productions]]

Jorhat Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T09:24:05Z

Goandamanholidays: created a article...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jorhat
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 100
| map_image = Jorhat Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| district = [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency|Jorhat]]
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Hitendranathgoswami.jpg
| mla = [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
}}
'''Jorhat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> [[Jorhat]] forms part of the [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref> The longest serving representative of the constituency is Shri [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]] who is heading for last 22 years.

{{Pie chart|caption=Most successful parties from Jorhat Assembly Constituency|other=|value1=46.66666666666666667|label1=[[Indian National Congress|'''Indian National Congress''' (7 Times)]]|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|value2=20|label2=[[Asom Gana Parishad|'''Asom Gana Parishad''' (3 Times)]]|color2={{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}|value3=13.33333333333333333|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''Bharatiya Janata Party''' ( 2 Times)]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|value4=13.33333333333333333|label4=[[Independent politician|'''Independent''' ( 2 Time)]]|color4={{party color|Independent}}|value5=6.666666666666666666|label5=[[Janata Party|'''Janata Party'''( 1 Time)]]|color5={{party color|Janata Party}}}}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} {{Party index link|Independent}} {{Party index link|Janata Party}} {{Party index link|Asom Gana Parishad}} {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}} <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jorhat Assembly constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/jorhat-assam-assembly-constituency|access-date=2021-08-21|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!Party affiliation
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
![[Debeswar Sarmah]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
!Mahidhar Pegu
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
![[Dulal Baruah|Dulal Chandra Barua]]
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
!J. Saikia
! rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
! [[Bijoy Krishna Handique]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
![[Dulal Baruah|Dulal Chandra Barua]]
![[Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
!Dinanath Rajkhowa
![[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
!Abhijit Sarmah
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}"|
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}"|
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}"|
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Rana Goswami]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate=[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=69,439 |percentage= 58.7 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gaurav Gogoi]]
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes=46,257 |percentage= 39.1 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Pranab Priyankush Dutta
|votes=701|percentage= 0.59 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate=Hemanta Kumar Pegu
|votes=581|percentage=0.49|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=None of the above
|party=None of the above
|votes=1,319|percentage=1.11|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,182{{formatnum:}} |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum: 118297}} |percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors ={{formatnum:148280}} |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bhartiya Janata Party|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
|votes = 68,321
|percentage = 48.84
|change =-4.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Rana Goswami]]|votes=61,833|percentage=44.20|change=1.72}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Assam Jatiya Parishad|candidate=Nirod Changkakoti|votes=6,925|percentage=4.95|change=4.95}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ranjit Baruah
|votes = 1,100
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,717|percentage=1.23|change=0.33}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,488|percentage=4.64|change=-5.78}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,39,896|percentage=75.29|change=-4.66}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,85,804
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party}}{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box}}{{Election box begin|
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
|votes = 69,209
|percentage = 52.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rana Goswami]]
|votes = 55,571
|percentage = 42.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Nirmal Gogoi]]
|votes = 1,548
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = LDP
|candidate = [[Prodyut Bora]]
|votes = 1,372
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = [[Sanjeev Rajkhowa]]
|votes = 842
|percentage = 0.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Bhaskar Jyoti Mahanta]]
|votes = 635
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Jiban Chandra Sarmah]]
|votes = 448
|percentage = 0.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,184
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,638
|percentage = 10.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,30,809
|percentage = 79.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,63,602
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
{{Election box}}{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]:Jorhat}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Rana Goswami]]|votes=68049|percentage=64.85|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Asom Gana Parishad|candidate=[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]|votes=30079|percentage=28.67|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Karabi Chakraborty|votes=5354|percentage=5.1|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Sarifun Nisha|votes=1449|percentage=1.38|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=37970|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=104391|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=133959}}{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress}}{{End}}

=== 2006 ===
{{Election box}}{{Election box begin|title=[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]:Jorhat}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Rana Goswami]]|votes=49742|percentage=48.79|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Asom Gana Parishad|candidate=[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]|votes=44862|percentage=44|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Yadab Doloi|votes=5176|percentage=5.07|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Asom Gana Parishad (Pragatishel)|candidate=Deepanjali Bora|votes=1271|percentage=1.24|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (United)|candidate=Amardip Singh|votes=897|percentage=0.8|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=4,880|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=101948|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=145426}}{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Asom Gana Parishad}}{{End}}

===2001===
{{Election box}}{{Election box begin|
title=[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election2001>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4007-assam-2001/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 2001|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Asom Gana Parishad|candidate=[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]|votes=39,421|percentage=49.52|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Padma Nath Sarma]]|votes=33,380|percentage=41.93|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Nirmal Goswami]]|votes=2,119|percentage=2.66|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Sumanta Chaliha]]|votes=1,736|percentage=2.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=[[Dimbeswar Borah]]|votes=1,329|percentage=1.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|candidate=[[Kanaklata Dutta]]|votes=769|percentage=0.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Jadab Khound]]|votes=411|percentage=0.52|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Dr. Abhijit Kumar Gogoi]]|votes=223|percentage=0.28|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Lakhmidhar Borah]]|votes=223|percentage=0.28|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=6,041|percentage=7.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=79,611|percentage=63.52|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 127,505
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Asom Gana Parishad}}{{Election box end}}
===1996===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1996>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4004-assam-1996/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1996 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
|votes = 36,890
|percentage = 49.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Padmanath Sarma]]|votes=22,200|percentage=30.02|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Dal|candidate=[[Dulal Borua]]|votes=11,280|percentage=15.25|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Palit Bora]]|votes=3,147|percentage=4.26|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|candidate=[[Tosheswar Dutta]]|votes=440|percentage=0.59|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,690|percentage=19.86|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=73,957|percentage=66.74|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 114,720
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Asom Gana Parishad}}{{Election box end}}
===1991===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1991>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4003-assam-1991/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1991 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
|votes = 23,249
|percentage = 39.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Dina Nath Rajkhowa]]|votes=20,451|percentage=34.58|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Natun Asom Gana Parishad|candidate=[[Pradip Mahanta]]|votes=5190|percentage=8.77|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Samiran Bordoloi]]|votes=2,762|percentage=4.67|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Satyendra Kumar Kataky]]|votes=1,697|percentage=2.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal|candidate=[[Devananda Bora]]|votes=1,548|percentage=2.62|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Kabin Khound]]|votes=826|percentage=1.40|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Prasanta Katani]]|votes=566|percentage=0.96|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=United Reservation Movement Council|candidate=[[Baharuddin Ahmed]]|votes=538|percentage=0.91|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Hem Bora]]|votes=416|percentage=0.70|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Lakhi Goswami]]|votes=414|percentage=0.70|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Asom Jatiyatabadi Dal|candidate=[[Dilipeswar Bora]]|votes=412|percentage=0.70|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Jyoti Prasad]]|votes=409|percentage=0.69|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Tosheswar Borua]]|votes=318|percentage=0.54|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Premananda Goswami]]|votes=277|percentage=0.47|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Mridula Barkakoti]]|votes=75|percentage=0.13|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=2,798|percentage=4.73|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=59,148|percentage=60.00|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 102,675
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Asom Gana Parishad|loser=Independent Politician}}{{Election box end}}
===1985===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1985>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4000-assam-1985/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent Politician
|candidate = [[Abhijit Sarmah]]
|votes = 43,382
|percentage = 68.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Dina Nath Rajkhowa]]|votes=15,691|percentage=24.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Party|candidate=[[Dulal Baruah]]|votes=2,840|percentage=4.49|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Girin Baruah]]|votes=744|percentage=1.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ram Kumar Baruah]]|votes=398|percentage=0.63|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Pulak Chandra Gogoi]]|votes=163|percentage=0.26|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=27,691|percentage=43.8|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=63,218|percentage=72.78|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 89,611
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Independent Politician|loser=Indian National Congress}}{{Election box end}}
===1983===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1983>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3998-assam-1983/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1983 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Dina Nath Rajkhowa]]|votes=968|percentage=78.89|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Surendranath Hazarika]]|votes=158|percentage=12.88|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Lutfur Rahman|votes=63|percentage=5.13|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Nabin Neog]]|votes=38|percentage=3.10|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=810|percentage=66.01|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1227|percentage=1.84|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 72,377
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Janata party}}{{Election box end}}
===1978===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1978>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3996-assam-1978/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1978 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Party|candidate=[[Dulal Baruah]]|votes=22,530|percentage=53.88|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Dilip Bhattacharya]]|votes=7837|percentage=18.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Nirmal Goswami]]|votes=7663|percentage=18.33|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress - I|candidate=[[Kushram Sarmah]]|votes=2916|percentage=6.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Nabin Chandra Bora]]|votes=389|percentage=0.93|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Jitenjit Baruah]]|votes=262|percentage=0.63|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Shrimanta Madhab]]|votes=219|percentage=0.52|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=14,693|percentage=35.14|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=41,816|percentage=64.21|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 66,260
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Janata Party|loser=Indian National Congress}}{{Election box end}}
===1972===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1972>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3995-assam-1972/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1972 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Bijoy Krishna Handique]]
|votes = 15,175
|percentage = 53.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Jogen Saikia]]|votes=10,045|percentage=35.44|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samyukta Socialist Party|candidate=[[Banghidhar Dutta]]|votes=3120|percentage=11.01|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=5,130|percentage=18.11|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=28,340|percentage=56.09|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 51,844
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress}}{{Election box end}}
===1967===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1967>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3994-assam-1967/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[J. Saikia]]
|votes = 11,921
|percentage = 49.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Socialist Party|candidate=[[A. C. Barooah]]|votes=11,249|percentage=46.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[P. Barkakati]]|votes=1,069|percentage=4.41|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=672|percentage=2.77|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=24,239|percentage=57.94|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 44,692
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Independent Politician}}{{Election box end}}
===1962===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jorhat<ref name=election1962>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3992-assam-1962/|title=Assam General Legislative Election 1962 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Dulal Baruah]]|votes=7848|percentage=30.04|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Socialist Party|candidate=[[Bangshidhar Dutta]]|votes=7188|percentage=27.51|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Harinarayan Baruah]]|votes=6,734|percentage=25.78|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Nil Kamal Bezbarua]]|votes=2518|percentage=9.64|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[Kirti Nath Bordoloi]]|votes=1130|percentage=4.33|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Suresh Chandra Barua]]|votes=493|percentage=1.89|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Chandrika Prasad Sahu]]|votes=215|percentage=0.82|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=660|percentage=2.53|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=26,126|percentage=52.67|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 54,444
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Independent Politician|loser=Indian National Congress}}{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Jorhat]]
[[Category:Jorhat district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Samar Sen (poet)

2026-04-30T00:41:26Z

Goandamanholidays: new first page w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian poet}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
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| name = Samar Sen
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1916|10|10}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|08|23|1916|10|10}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| language = Bengali
| residence =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship = India
| education = Graduate
| alma_mater = [[Scottish Church College]], at the [[University of Calcutta]]
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'''Samar Sen''' ({{langx|bn|সমর সেন}}; 10 October 1916 – 23 August 1987) was a prominent Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poet and journalist in the post-Independence era.<ref name=oldpoetry>[http://oldpoetry.com/oauthor/show/Samar%20Sen.html Old Poetry Website retrieved on 4 February 2007]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sen, Samar - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sen,_Samar |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Samar Sen: Frontier editor's dignity, courage a beacon in today's times |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/remembering-samar-sen-frontier-editors-dignity-courage-a-beacon-in-todays-times-3182026.html/amp |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
Samar Sen was a graduate of the [[Scottish Church College]], at the [[University of Calcutta]].{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==Early life and career==
Sen was born in a well-known [[Vaidya (caste)|Vaidya]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosha|first=Nityapriẏa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZEDvcJdVRMC&q=vaidya|title=Samar Sen|date=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1110-0|pages=37|language=en}}</ref> family. Sen's grandfather, [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]], was a well-known writer and member of the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]]. His father, Arun Sen, an academic, noted, "I am the son of an illustrious father and the father of an illustrious son!" Samar Sen, along with [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]], belonged to the second generation of modern Bengali poets. He gave up poetry fairly early, however, and devoted the better part of his later life to Marxist politics and journalism. He was the editor of the leftist newspaper ''[[Frontier (newspaper)|Frontier]]'', published from [[Kolkata]], which was banned during the period of the [[The Emergency (India)|Indian Emergency (1975 -1977)]] declared by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref name=oldpoetry/>

==Poetry==
Samar Sen, like his poetic contemporaries, grew up under the gigantic impact of [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Yet Sen was perhaps the first to 'break' with the lyrical romanticism of Tagore and introduce "modern" concerns (disenchantment, decadence, avant-garde urban perspectives) into Bengali verse. Through his work, the influence of French and English [[modernism]] was first translated into Bengali verse; at the same time, the convergence of modernism and [[Marxism]] was evident early on in his poetic thought and style. His poetry was somewhat over-shadowed by his very original journalism, produced while he served as editor of the legendary ''[[Frontier]]''. He was also known for his translations of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] literature; he spent nearly five years in [[Moscow]] working as a translator, although later in life he became doubtful about bureaucratic Communism.<ref>Samar Sen sankha, Anustup, Anustup Prakashani,</ref>
Samar Sen also edited the radical journal ''Now'', publishing a galaxy of prominent scholars and writers, including [[Joan Robinson]] and [[Satyajit Ray]]; his deputy editor was the playwright and actor [[Utpal Dutt]]. In his private life Sen was a man with a wry sense of humour, sometimes acerbic but often lethally accurate. He never regretted the sacrifice of what could have been a comfortable material life, supported by conventional measures of bourgeois success. His loyalty was always to the downtrodden.
Some critics mourn his abandonment of poetry as a loss to Indian literature, reasoning that his acute perception and extraordinary command of languages would have continued to produce memorable verse of lasting significance. Sen decided, however, that poetry was a luxury in a world of gross deprivation and injustice and decided he would instead dedicate himself to agitating on behalf of the poor, regardless of the cost to himself. He remained committed to this cause for the rest of his life, despite experiencing significant poverty himself.

==Tribute==
* ... He is comparatively modern poet without being progressive. He has dedicated his first work to Muzaffar Ahmad. I pray that it should mean something more than a mere personal allegiance ... Brevity is its (his poems') soul ... Samar Sen is an up-to-date representative poet. He needs to be progressive by informing himself with a sense of history. He has also yet to be symbolic. Still there is no doubt of his being a poet of a particular genre. (Dhurjati Mukherji)
* We talk about being rid of the influence of Rabindranath [Tagore]; as if we take it for granted that the influence of Rabindranath is inevitable in a young Bengali poet's endeavour. But what amazes me is that this young poet has never been under the influence of Rabindranath. (Buddhadeb Basu)

===Quotes===
----
* Among those who are penning modern Bengali poetry, most of them haven't joined a political movement, and that's sad. But many of them are powerful writers and have impacted the middle class society. Reason? Because many of them have brought changes in their perspective and expression, breaking the ivory tower of a mere aesthetics of truth, beauty and goodness and by being conscious of the disgust and the multi-layered failure of the middle class life.
* In these times of dereliction and dismay, of wars, unemployment and revolutions, the decayed side of things attracts us most ... Perhaps that is because we have our roots deep in the demoralized petty bourgeoisie and lack the vitality of a rising class.
* Our poetry (Bengali poetry) is basically without a tradition.

Samar Sen was founder-editor of the weekly magazine ''Frontier'', first published in 1968.

==See also==
* [[Hungry generation]]

==References==

<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Samar}}
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Indian communist poets]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Roshan Ara Begum

2026-04-28T16:47:58Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{short description|Pakistani classical music singer (1917 - 1982)}}
{{For|the daughter of Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]]|Roshanara Begum}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| pre-nominals = Malika-e-Mauseeqi
| name = Roshan Ara Begum
| post-nominals = [[Sitara-e-Imtiaz|SI]] [[Pride of Performance|PP]]
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|رَوشن آرا بیگم}}
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Waheed-un-Nisa
| birth_date = 1917
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1982|12|6|1917|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = {{Hlist | Classical singer | Vocalist }}
| years_active = 1926 - 1982
| style = [[Thumri]] • [[Khayal]] • [[Ghazal]]
| television = PTV [[Pakistani television]]
| title = ''Malika-e-Mauseeqi'' (''Queen of Music'') ''The Queen of Classical Music''
| spouse = Chaudhry Ahmed Khan (husband)
| children = 2
| parents = Abdul Haq Khan (father) Chanda Begum (mother)
| relatives = [[Abdul Karim Khan]] (co-founder of [[Kirana gharana]] of classical music)
| awards = [[Pride of Performance]] Award by the [[President of Pakistan]] (1960) [[Sitara-e-Imtiaz]] (Star of Excellence) Award by the [[Government of Pakistan]] (1962)
}}

'''Roshan Ara Begum''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|رَوشن آرا بیگم}}}}) (1917 – 6 December 1982) was a vocalist belonging to the [[Kirana gharana]] (singing style) of [[Hindustani music|Hindustani classical music]].<ref name=cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/roshan-ara-begum |date=11 May 2010|title= Roshan Ara Begum profile|archive-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=26 April 2022|website=Cineplot.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823115508/http://cineplot.com/roshan-ara-begum}}</ref><ref name=DailyTimes>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/252240/roshan-ara-begum-the-queen-of-sub-continents-classical-music/ |title=Roshan Ara Begum -- the queen of sub-continent's classical music |author=Amjad Parvez|newspaper=Daily Times newspaper|date=12 June 2018|access-date=7 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211020057/https://dailytimes.com.pk/252240/roshan-ara-begum-the-queen-of-sub-continents-classical-music/|archive-date=11 December 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is also known by her honorific title ''Malika-e-Mauseeqi'' (The Queen of Music) and ''The Queen of Classical Music'' in both Pakistan and India.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/><ref name=YoulinMagazine/>

==Early life and training==
Born in the city of [[Kolkata]] in [[British Raj|British India]], she was the daughter of Abdul Haq Khan and Chanda Begum, and a cousin of Ustad [[Abdul Karim Khan]], also of the [[Kirana gharana]].<ref name=cineplot/>

Possessing a rich, mature, and mellifluous voice that could easily lend itself to a wide range of intricate classical music pieces, her singing features a full-throated voice, short and delicate passages of ''[[Svara|sur]]'', lyricism, romantic appeal, and swift ''[[Taan (music)|taans]]''. All these flourishes were combined in her unique style, which reached its peak from 1945 to 1982. Her vigorous style of singing was interspersed with bold strokes and ''layakari''. She had control over a wide range of ragas. Melody was considered the most important feature of her singing.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/>

Born in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] in 1917, Roshan Ara Begum visited [[Lahore]] during her teens to participate in musical soirées held at the residences of affluent citizens of Chun Peer in Mohalla Peer Gillaanian at [[Mochi Gate]], [[Lahore]], [[British India]] (now in [[Pakistan]]).<ref name=cineplot/> During her occasional visits to the city, she also broadcast songs from the then [[All India Radio]] station in [[Lahore]], and her professional name was announced as ''Bombaywali'' Roshan Ara Begum. She had acquired this popular nomenclature because she shifted to [[Mumbai]], then known as Bombay, in the late 1930s, to live near her cousin [[Abdul Karim Khan]], from whom she took lessons in [[Hindustani classical music]] for 15 years.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/><ref name=DailyTimes/>

Roshan Ara Begum was also invited to the Royal Courts by the Nawabs and Princes; at their courts, she would sing songs.

In the 1930s, Roshan Ara was selected due to her singing, as at that time, heroines were also required to be trained in singing. She worked in four films in Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi as the leading lady.<ref name=DailyTimes/>

A senior police officer in Bombay and a music lover, Chaudhry Ahmed Khan, approached her with an offer of marriage in 1944. Roshan Ara Begum consulted her tutor, Ustad Abdul Karim Khan, about it. She finally accepted the marriage offer on the condition that she would not have to give up her music after marriage. Her husband kept his promise, and she continued to sing throughout her life.<ref name="culture"/> In [[Mumbai]], she lived in a sprawling bungalow with her husband, Chaudhry Ahmed Khan.<ref name="culture">{{cite web|url=https://www.travel-culture.com/pakistan/music/roshan-ara-begum.shtml|title= Profile of Roshan Ara Begum|website=travel-culture.com website|access-date=7 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201231107/https://www.travel-culture.com/pakistan/music/roshan-ara-begum.shtml|archive-date=1 December 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Career ==
Melody was considered the most important feature of her singing.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/>

Migrating to [[Pakistan]] in 1948 after the [[partition of India]], Roshan Ara Begum and her husband settled in [[Lalamusa]], a small town in [[Punjab, Pakistan]], from which her husband hailed. Although far away from [[Lahore]], the cultural centre of Pakistan, she would travel back and forth to participate in music, radio, and television programmes.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/>

A widely respected classical music patron of Pakistan, [[Hayat Ahmad Khan]] approached her and convinced her to become one of the founding members of [[All Pakistan Music Conference]] in 1959. To promote classical music, this organization continues to hold annual music festivals in different cities of the Pakistan even today.<ref name=DailyTimes/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/64216/apmc-celebrates-50-years/ |title=APMC (All Pakistan Music Conference) celebrates 50 years|author=Ali Usman|newspaper=The Express Tribune newspaper|date=18 October 2010|access-date=7 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214001630/https://tribune.com.pk/story/64216/apmc-celebrates-50-years|archive-date=14 February 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>

She was called "Malika-e-Mauseeqi" (Queen of Music) in Pakistan.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name="culture"/> She would wake up early in the morning and start her 'riyaz' (musical practice) after her morning religious prayers. She decided to adopt a boy and a girl since she herself remained childless.<ref name="culture"/><ref name=DailyTimes/>

Roshan Ara Begum also sang some film songs, mostly under music composers like [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]], [[Feroz Nizami]], and ''Tassaduq Hussain'', for films such as ''Pehali Nazar (1945)'', ''[[Jugnu (1947 film)|Jugnu]]'' (1947), ''[[Kismet (1956 film)|Kismet]]'' (1956), ''[[Roopmati Baaz Bahadur]]'' (1960), and ''[[Neela Parbat]]'' (1969).{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Classical musicians [[Bade Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Amanat Ali Khan]] of [[Patiala gharana]], and [[Sham Chaurasia gharana|Ustad Salamat Ali Khan]] of [[Sham Chaurasia gharana]] used to listen to her recordings for their own enjoyment.<ref name="culture"/>

==Personal life==
Roshan Ara Begum was the cousin of [[Abdul Karim Khan]]. Later she married Chaudhry Ahmed Khan and settled with him in [[Lalamusa]], [[Punjab,Pakistan]] where she adopted two children.<ref name=DailyTimes/>

==Illness and death==
She died due to cardiac arrest in [[Pakistan]] at [[Lahore]] on 6 December 1982 at the age of 65.<ref name=YoulinMagazine>{{cite web|url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/khawaja-najamul-hassan-and-roshan-ara-begum-the-queen-of-classical-music-part-iv/MjE5Nw==|title=Khawaja Najamul Hassan and Roshan Ara Begum: The Queen of Classical Music: Part IV|website=Youlin Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016030805/https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/khawaja-najamul-hassan-and-roshan-ara-begum-the-queen-of-classical-music-part-iv/MjE5Nw==|date=16 February 2022|author=Haroon Shuaib|archive-date=16 October 2023|access-date=7 May 2024}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Roshan Ara Begum received the [[Sitara-e-Imtiaz]] Award, or (Star of Excellence) Award, in 1962 and the [[Pride of Performance]] Award in 1960 from the [[President of Pakistan]]. She was the first female vocalist to be awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz.<ref name="culture"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Title !! Ref.
|-
| 1960 || ''[[Pride of Performance]]'' || ''Award by the [[President of Pakistan]]'' || {{Won}} || ''Herself'' ||<ref name=DailyTimes/>
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Sitara-e-Imtiaz]]'' || ''Award by the [[President of Pakistan]]'' || {{Won}} || ''Herself'' ||<ref name=DailyTimes/>
|-
| 1970 || ''EMI Silver Disc Awards'' || ''Best Ghazal Singer'' || {{Won}} || ''Herself'' ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/khawaja-najamul-hassan-remembers-farida-khanum-the-queen-of-ghazal-part-iii/MjE4Nw==|title=Khawaja Najamul Hassan Remembers Farida Khanum: The Queen of Ghazal: Part III|website=Youlin Magazine|date=2 February 2022|author=Haroon Shuaib|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016030808/https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/khawaja-najamul-hassan-remembers-farida-khanum-the-queen-of-ghazal-part-iii/MjE4Nw==|archive-date=16 October 2023|access-date=7 May 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==Bibliography==
* ''Kirana'', by Roshan Ara Begum. Published by Gramophone Co. of India,

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm3734840}}
*[https://sarangi.info/vocal/roshanara/ Roshan Ara Begum on sarangi.info website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225135146/https://sarangi.info/vocal/roshanara/ |date=25 February 2021 }}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=1qfFIKY6XMU Roshan Ara Begum on Naeem Bukhari Show on YouTube]
{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
{{Civil decorations of Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Roshan Ara}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian women ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Women ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from Lahore]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language singers]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Pakistani classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Pakistani radio personalities]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Pakistani ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Kirana gharana]]
[[Category:Pakistani playback singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Urdu cinema]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Pakistani qawwali singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]
[[Category:Pakistani film actresses]]
[[Category:Pakistani tawaifs]]
[[Category:Singers from Lahore]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:All India Radio people]]
[[Category:Indian courtesans]]
[[Category:Pakistani television people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:20th-century women musicians]]

Vijayrao Lanjo

2026-04-27T15:02:23Z

Goandamanholidays: new basic biography w/ refs

'''Vijayrao Lanjo''' was a [[Bhati]] Rajput emperor of the 12th century in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=TK></ref><ref name=x></ref>

He ruled a vast empire and was known as the "''uttara disi bhad kivaad"'' ({{Translation|sentinel of the north direction}}), due to his control over forts and settlements that extended from [[Ghazni]] (Afghanistan) to [[Gujarat]] (India), leading to several conflicts with the invading Muslim tribes.<ref name=TK>{{Cite book|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=9781107080317|pages=18, 55–60, 70|quote=the various Hindu Rajput Bhati sub-clans, like Saran, Moodna, Seora as well as Muslim groups like Bhatti, Bhutto...and the trading community of Bhatiya, all link their origins to the Bhatis}}</ref> According to epigraphic evidence, Vijayarao Lanjo took the large title of "''Parambhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshwara"'' ({{Translation|the paramount sovereign, great king of kings, the supreme reality}}).<ref name=x>{{cite book |last1=Hooja |first1=Rima |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |pages=551 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Varah |access-date=28 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> He married the daughter of King [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]], and their son, Bhojde, succeeded his father in 1143.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=K. D. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35749 |title=A Gazetteer Of The Jaisalmer State And Some Statistical Tables. |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries |year=1909 |location=Ajmer |pages=11–12}}</ref> However, Bhojde's uncle [[Jaisal Singh]] colluded with the [[Ghaznavid]] chiefs, and Bhojde was killed in the resulting combat. Following Bhojde's death, Jaisal became the head of Bhatis.<ref name=TK2>{{Cite book|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=9781107080317|page=73}}</ref>

Vijayrao Lanjo has been also referred to as Vijayrao II, and sometimes as Bijai Raj II, He was son of [[Rawal (title)|Rawal]] Dusaj of [[Lodhruva]] and a [[Kingdom of Mewar|Mewar princess]] and was placed on throne in preference to his two elder brothers including Jaisal.<ref name=":7"></ref><ref name=TK2></ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Shadow Assassins

2026-04-26T19:40:16Z

Goandamanholidays: new first stub initial version

{{Short description|2022 Hindi movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shadow Assassins
| image = Shadow Assassins.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Nilaanjan Reeta Datta
| producer = {{Ubl|Munna Bhagat|Nilaanjan Reeta Datta|Navnita Sen|Siddharth Mahajan|Rahul Kapoor|Shitiz Jain|Anil Goswami|Rassmin Bora}}
| writer = {{Ubl|Nilaanjan Reeta Datta|Raaghav Dar|Bhushan Ingole}}
| based_on = [[Secret killings of Assam]]
| starring = {{Ubl|Anurag Sinha|[[Mishti Chakraborty]]|Saharsh Kumar Shukla|Hemant Kher|Rakesh Chaturvedi}}
| music = Ashu Chakraborty
| cinematography = Gargey Trivedi
| editing = Navnita Sen 
| studio = Finchbill Motion Pictures Rocking Rickshaw Contento Media
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|09}}
| runtime = 126 minutes
| distributor = Finchbill Motion Pictures
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|1.5 crore}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Shadow Assassins Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - cinefry
|url=https://www.cinefry.co.in/shadow-assassins-box-office/ |website=[[.cinefry]] |access-date=24 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''''Shadow Assassins''''' (2022) is a 2022 Indian [[action thriller]] film directed by Nilaanjan Reeta Datta and written by Nilaanjan Reeta Datta, Raaghav Dar and Bhushan Ingole.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sankta |title='Shadow Assassins': A rare Hindi film which gets the Northeast right, and other filmmakers from the region |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/shadow-assassins-a-rare-hindi-film-which-gets-the-northeast-right-and-other-filmmakers-from-the-region-9677101.html |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Moneycontrol |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The film is based on 1990s [[Secret killings of Assam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=असम की 'गुप्त हत्या' पर आधारित सिनेमा 'शैडो असैसिंस' का ट्रैलर हुआ वायरल, देखें वीडियो |url=https://ndtv.in/zara-hatke/trailer-of-film-shadow-assassins-based-on-assams-secret-murder-goes-viral-watch-video-3588988 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=NDTVIndia |date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story of the film narrates about Nirbhay Kalita. Kalita leaves his home in Guwahati, Assam, with dreams of starting a new chapter in life on a college campus in Pune, Maharashtra. But his life gets stuck in the world of vengeance when his near and dear ones are assassinated.

== Cast ==
* [[Anurag Sinha (actor)|Anurag Sinha]] as Nirbhay kalita
* [[Mishti Chakraborty]] as Rimli Bora
* Hemant Kher as Dr.Dhiren Kalita
* Rakesh Chaturvedi Om as Police Inspector
* Ranjeev lal Baruah as Bhavik
* Monuj Borkotoky as Debojit
* Ranjita Boruah as Puravi Kalita
* Stuti Choudhury as Ratna Kalita
* Bibhuti Bhushan Hazarika as News Editor
* Rohit Kp as Chinmoy
* Soumya Mukherjee as Rishab Banerjee
* KP Sandhu as Neeraj Deka
* Saharsh Kumar Shukla as Kamal Sharma
* Akash Sinha as Mukul
* Violet Nazir Tiwari as Mother

== Release ==
The film was released in theatres on 9 December 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two-time National Award winner Nilaanjan Reeta Datta's Bollywood Hindi Debut Film ‘Shadow Assassins’ is putting spotlights on 'secret killings' in Assam |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/two-time-national-award-winner-nilaanjan-reeta-datta-s-bollywood-hindi-debut-film-shadow-assassins-is-putting-spotlights-on-secret-killings-in-assam-news-244649 |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Salaam Venky to Vadh — 1 Bengali and 5 Hindi films releasing in theatres this Friday |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/salaam-venky-to-vadh-1-bengali-and-5-hindi-films-releasing-in-theatres-this-friday/cid/1902726 |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]] |date=8 December 2022}}</ref> The film released in Singapore on 9 February.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hit hard by COVID-19 pandemic, a Singaporean-Indian turns to film production |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hit-hard-by-covid-19-pandemic-a-singaporean-indian-turns-to-film-production/articleshow/97803936.cms |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shadow Assassin |url=https://www.gv.com.sg/GVMovieDetails?movie=8236#/movie/8236 |website=www.gv.com.sg |access-date=27 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[Komal Nahta]] for ''"Film Information"'' wrote "Shadow Assassins is for a thin section of the audience in Assam only, because the story is about happenings in that state. For the rest of the world, there’s precious little in the film. Flop."<ref>{{cite news |last=Nahta |first=Komal |author-link=Komal Nahta |title=‘SHADOW ASSASSINS’ REVIEW {{!}} 9 December, 2022 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/shadow-assassins-review-9-december-2022/ |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[Komal Nahta|Film Information]] |date=9 December 2022}}</ref> ''[[Pravasi Express]]'' wrote "Singaporean actor, KP Sandhu stars in a pivotal role as Neeraj Deka, a ruthless anti-ULFA radical who goes to extreme lengths to hinder the movement. The film’s moving soundtrack by Javed Ali and Ashu Chakraborty has also received international acclaim."<ref>{{cite news |last=Bureau |first=PE Films |title=A powerful film with first Singaporean actor and producer to break into Bollywood – “Shadow Assassins” hits Singapore screens from 9th February. {{!}} PravasiExpress |url=https://www.pravasiexpress.com/a-powerful-film-with-first-singaporean-actor-and-producer-to-break-into-bollywood-shadow-assassins-hits-singapore-screens-from-9th-february/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[Pravasi Express]] |date=9 February 2023}}</ref> Ambar Chatterjee for ''EastMojo'' wrote "I watched Shadow Assassins in a practically empty theatre. This brings me to the point that I have raised numerous times before. We have to support our regional cinema and our own stories. If a film like this fails at the box office, it will deter many others from making films on similar subjects or on Assam as a whole."<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Ambar |title='Shadow Assassins': A film on Assam's 'secret killings' told with raw honesty |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2022/12/11/shadow-assassins-a-film-on-assams-secret-killings-told-with-raw-honesty/ |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=EastMojo |date=11 December 2022}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>

Anurag Sinha wins Best Actor Award for his portrayal of ‘''Nirbhay Kalita''’ at New Jersey Indian & International Film Festival and Alternative Film Festival, Toronto in 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=The Week |first=theweek.in |date=28 September 2023 |title=Anurag Sinha Glitters with his powerhouse performance at the Alternative Film Festival Toronto ALTFF 2023 {{!}} Best Actor Award Feature for Shadow Assassins |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2023/09/28/dcm69-monkey-canvas.html |archive-date= |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Print |first=theprint.in |date=17 February 2023 |title=Anurag Sinha dazzles in The New Jersey Indian & International Film Festival {{!}} Best Actor {{!}} Male for ‘Shadow Assassins’ |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/anurag-sinha-dazzles-in-the-new-jersey-indian-international-film-festival-best-actor-male-for-shadow-assassins/1378581/?amp |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=The Print}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]

Ram Chandra Sada

2026-04-24T20:52:39Z

Goandamanholidays: New a post first draft

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Chandra Sada
| office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Alauli Assembly constituency|Alauli]]
| term_start1 = 2025
| constituency2 = [[Alauli Assembly constituency|Alauli]]
| term_start2 = 2010
| term_end2 = 2015
| predecessor1 = [[Ramvriksh Sada]]
| predecessor2 = [[Pashupati Kumar Paras]]
| successor2 = Chandan Kumar
| parents =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
}}

'''Ram Chandra Sada''' is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Alauli Election Result 2025: अलौली सीट से जेडीयू के राम चंद्र सदा ने दर्ज की जीत, आरजेडी के रामवृक्ष को 35 हजार वोटों से हराया |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/alauli-election-result-2025-rjd-ramvriksha-sada-and-jdu-ramchandra-sada-vote-counting-win-loss-vidhan-sabha-chunav-parinam/4218846/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> Sada won the [[Alauli Assembly constituency]] contesting from the [[Janata Dal (United)|JDU]] party in the [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]] and [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Winner Candidates of JD(U) for 2010 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/www.indiavotes.com/ac/detailwrank?stateac=58&emid=212&party=536 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sada, Ramvriksh Sada}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}

Interim Uttaranchal Assembly

2026-04-22T02:03:01Z

Goandamanholidays: created new info...

{{Short description|Assembly of Uttaranchal state in India from 2000 to 2002}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{one source|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Interim Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly
| native_name = Antarim Uttaranchal Vidhan Sabha
| native_name_lang = hi
| transcription_name =
| legislature = '''Interim Assembly'''
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| house_type = Unicameral
| term_length = 2000–2002
| body =
| houses = [[Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly]]
| foundation = 9 November 2000
| disbanded = 14 February 2002
| preceded_by =
| succeeded_by = [[1st Uttarakhand Assembly]]
| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader1 = [[Prakash Pant]]
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 =
| leader2_type = [[Speaker of the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Chief Minister of Uttaranchal|Leader of the House]]
| leader3 = {{plainlist|
*[[Nityanand Swami (politician)|Nityanand Swami]] (2000–2001), [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
*[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] (2001–2002)}}
| party3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election3 =
| leader4_type = [[Chief Secretary of Uttaranchal|Chief Secretary]]
| leader4 = [[Ajay Vikram Singh]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| party4 =
| election4 =
| leader5_type =
| leader5 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 =
| next_election1 =
| redistricting = 1977
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = Vidhan Bhavan, [[Dehradun]], [[Uttaranchal]]
| members = '''30'''{{ref|cap|†}}
| structure1 = Interim Legislative Structure Of Uttarakhand from 2000 to 2002.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 = '''[[Government of Uttaranchal|Government]] (23)'''
* {{Color box|#FF9933|border=silver}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (23)
'''Opposition (7)'''
* {{Color box|#FF0000|border=silver}} [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (3)
* {{Color box|#0000FF|border=silver}} [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] (2)
* {{Color box|#00BFFF|border=silver}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)
| website = Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly<ref>http://ukvidhansabha.uk.gov.in/</ref>
| constitution = [[Constitution of India]]
| footnotes = {{ref|note|†}}Including 22 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] from the erstwhile [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and 8 [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|MLCs]] from the erstwhile [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]].
}}
{{Politics of Uttarakhand}}

The '''Interim Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly''' also known as '''Antarim Uttaranchal Vidhan Sabha''' was a [[unicameral]] governing and law making body of the newly formed [[India]]n state of [[Uttaranchal ]] (later ''Uttarakhand''). As a Provisional [[Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly]] it came into existence with the formation of the State of Uttaranchal at 9 November 2000 which was later succeeded by the [[1st Uttarakhand Assembly]] with the first assembly election that took place on [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|February 14th, 2002]]. It was at that time consisted with total 30 Members including 22 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] and 8 [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|Members of the Legislative Council]] from the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] and [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], off which then Uttaranchal was formed out.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1724/17240340.htm|title=Shaky start in Uttaranchal|website=Frontline|date=8 December 2000|first=Venkitesh|last=Ramakrishnan|accessdate=2 August 2019|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802082338/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1724/17240340.htm|archivedate=2 August 2019}}</ref>

==Party position in the Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Rank
! style="text-align:center;"| Party
! style="text-align:center;"| Abbr.
! style="text-align:center;"| Seats
! style="text-align:center;"| Leader in the House
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|1||align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ||BJP||'''23'''||[[Nityanand Swami (politician)|Nityanand Swami]] (2000–2001) [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] (2001–2002)
|-
|2||align="left"|[[Samajwadi Party]]||SP||'''03'''||[[Ambrish Kumar]]
|-
|3||align="left"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||BSP||'''02'''||[[Muhammad Muhiuddin]]
|-
|4||align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||INC||'''02'''||[[Indira Hridayesh]]
|-
| ||align="centre"|'''Total '''|| ||'''30'''||
|}

==Key post holders in the Assembly==
* '''Speaker''' : [[Prakash Pant]]
* '''Deputy Speaker''' : ''Vacant''
* '''Leader of the House''': [[Nityanand Swami (politician)|Nityanand Swami]] (2000–2001) [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] (2001–2002)
* '''Leader of the Opposition''' : ''Vacant''
* '''Chief Secretary''' : [[Ajay Vikram Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/uttranchal.htm |title=Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409004806/http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/uttranchal.htm |archive-date=9 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Members of the Interim Uttaranchal Assembly==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:25px;text-align:center;"
|-
! S. No.
! Constituency
! Members
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|colspan=5|'''[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of the Legislative Assembly]]'''
|-
|1
||[[Uttarkashi Assembly constituency|Uttarkashi]] (SC)
||[[Gyan Chand]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|2
||[[Tehri Assembly constituency|Tehri]]
||[[Lakhiram Joshi]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|3
||[[Devprayag Assembly constituency|Devprayag]]
||[[Matbar Singh Kandari]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|4
||[[Lansdowne Assembly constituency|Lansdowne]]
||[[Bharat Singh Rawat]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|5
||[[Pauri Assembly constituency|Pauri]]
||[[Mohan Singh Rawat]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|6
||[[Karnaprayag Assembly constituency|Karnaprayag]]
||Dr. [[Ramesh Pokhriyal|Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank']]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|7
||[[Badri–Kedar Assembly constituency|Badri–Kedar]]
||[[Kedar Singh Phonia]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|8
||[[Didihat Assembly constituency|Didihat]]
||[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|9
||[[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]
||[[Krishna Chandra Punetha]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|10
||[[Almora Assembly constituency|Almora]]
||[[Raghunath Singh Chauhan]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|11
||[[Bageshwar Assembly constituency|Bageshwar]] (SC)
||[[Narayan Ram Das]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|12
||[[Ranikhet Assembly constituency|Ranikhet]]
||[[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|13
||[[Nainital Assembly constituency|Nainital]]
||[[Banshidhar Bhagat]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|14
||[[Khatima Assembly constituency|Khatima]] (SC)
||[[Suresh Chand Arya]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|15
||[[Haldwani Assembly constituency|Haldwani]]
||[[Tilak Raj Behar]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|16
||[[Kashipur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Kashipur]]
||[[Karan Chand Singh Baba]]
| style="background:#00BFFF;"| ||INC
|-
|17
||[[Roorkee Assembly constituency|Roorkee]]
||[[Ram Singh Saini]]
| style="background: #FF0000;"| ||SP
|-
|18
||[[Laksar Assembly constituency|Laksar]]
||[[Muhammad Muhiuddin]]
| style="background:#0000FF;"| ||BSP
|-
|19
||[[Haridwar Assembly constituency|Haridwar]]
||[[Ambrish Kumar]]
| style="background:#FF0000;"| ||SP
|-
|20
||[[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie]]
||[[Rajendra Singh (politician)|Rajendra Singh]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|21
||[[Dehradun Assembly constituency|Dehradun]]
||[[Harbans Kapoor]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|22
||[[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata]] (ST)
||[[Munna Singh Chauhan]]
| style="background:#FF0000;"| ||SP
|-
|colspan=5|'''[[List of members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Members of the Legislative Council]]'''
|-
|23
||[[Garhwal–Kumaon Graduates constituency|Garhwal–Kumaon Graduates]]
||[[Nityanand Swami (politician)|Nityanand Swami]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|24
||[[Garhwal–Kumaon Teachers constituency|Garhwal–Kumaon Teachers]]
||Dr. [[Indira Hridayesh]]
| style="background:#00BFFF;"| ||INC
|-
|25
||[[Garhwal Local Authorities constituency|Garhwal Local Authorities]]
||[[Tirath Singh Rawat]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|26
||[[Kumaon Local Authorities constituency|Kumaon Local Authorities]]
||[[Prakash Pant]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|27
|rowspan="4"|N/A
||[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|28
||[[Isham Singh]]
| style="background:#0000FF;"| ||BSP
|-
|29
||[[Narayan Singh Rana]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|-
|30
||[[Nirupama Gaur]]
| style="background:#FF9933;"| ||BJP
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ukvidhansabha.uk.gov.in/pages/display/120-interim-assembly |title=अनन्तिम विधान सभा: उत्तराखण्ड विधान सभा |publisher=Ukvidhansabha.uk.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2017-05-27}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]
*[[Swami ministry]]
*[[Koshyari ministry]]
*[[Politics of Uttarakhand]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Uttarakhand Assemblies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uttaranchal}}
[[Category:Government of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:2000s in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Historical state legislatures in India]]

Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy

2026-04-20T09:31:08Z

Goandamanholidays: New initial entry w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|2|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Maripeda, [[Mahabubabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| spouse = Late Kalpana Reddy
| children = 1 Son
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam, Telangana]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Nama Nageswara Rao]]
| successor1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| parents = [[Surendra Reddy|Ramasahayam Surender Reddy]], Jayamala Reddy
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5716?from=members
}}
'''Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the elected candidate for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2917.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="eci"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Khammam, Telangana Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy Wins by a Margin of 467847 Votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/khammam-telangana-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2548156-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridhar |first=P. |date=2024-06-04 |title=Landslide victory for Congress in Khammam LS seat result of synergy between Congress and Left parties |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/landslide-victory-for-congress-in-khammam-ls-seat-result-of-synergy-between-congress-and-left-parties/article68251878.ece |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=B. Satyanarayana |date=2024-06-05 |title=Bizman Raghuram helps Congress secure historic win in Khammam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/Jun/05/bizman-raghuram-helps-congress-secure-historic-win-in-khammam |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Will strive for all-round development of Khammam constituency, says Congress MP R. Raghuram Reddy">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Will strive for all-round development of Khammam constituency, says Congress MP R. Raghuram Reddy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/will-strive-for-all-round-development-of-khammam-constituency-says-congress-mp-r-raghuram-reddy/article68375489.ece |access-date=6 July 2024 |date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706181450/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/will-strive-for-all-round-development-of-khammam-constituency-says-congress-mp-r-raghuram-reddy/article68375489.ece |archive-date=6 July 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Cong debutant Raghuram creates history">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Cong debutant Raghuram creates history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/congress-debutant-raghuram-creates-history/articleshow/110715224.cms |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/congress-debutant-raghuram-creates-history/articleshow/110715224.cms |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="Businessmen {{!}} In august company">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Businessmen {{!}} In august company |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175452/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Raghuram Reddy comes with a political lineage as he is the son of veteran Congress leader and former MP [[Surendra Reddy|Ramasahayam Surender Reddy]] for four terms from [[Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency|Mahabubabad]], [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]] and a MLA for another four terms from [[Dornakal Assembly constituency|Dornakal constituency]].

==Early life==
Raghuram Reddy was born on 19 February 1961 in Hyderabad to [[Surendra Reddy|Ramasahayam Surender Reddy]] and Jayamala Reddy. He completed B.Com from Nizam College, Hyderabad and PG in Diploma.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[18th Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

{{Telangana-INC-politician-stub}}

Keshab Ram Borah High school

2026-04-19T20:19:50Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Original research|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Keshab Ram Borah Higher Secondary school
| native_name = KRBHS School
| latin_name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Front view
| location = Natun pohardia Majuli
| address =
| region = [[Madhya Majuli]]
| city = [[Majuli]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| province =
| county = India
| postal_code =
| zipcode =
| country =
| country1 =
| coordinates =
| school_number =
| school_board = [[Board of Secondary Education, Assam|SEBA]]
| district = Majuli
| authority =
| religious_affiliation =
| denomination =
| oversight =
| affiliation =
| superintendent =
| trustee =
| founder = Keshab Ram Borah
| specialist =
| president =
| head_of_school =
| head_teacher = Dr Prabhat Hatimota
| head_label =
| head =
| chairperson =
| principal =
| principal1 =
| principal2 =
| principal3 =
| principal4 =
| viceprincipal =
| viceprincipal1 =
| viceprincipal2 =
| viceprincipal3 =
| viceprincipal4 =
| asst principal =
| assistant_principals =
| dean =
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| rector =
| chaplain =
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| ceeb =
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| classes = 6
| classes_offered = Assamese English Hindi Mathematics General Science Social studies History adv. Maths Geography Drawing IT/ITes(Information Technology) Tourism and Hospitality
| avg_class_size =
| ratio =
| graduates =
| gender =
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
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| schooltype = Public
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| products =
| grades =
| age_range =
| language = Assamese
| classrooms = 12
| campus = Pohardia campus
| campus_size =
| campus_type = [[Rural]]
| hours_in_day = 8 hrs
| athletics =
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| status = Open
| closed =
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}}

'''Keshab Ram Borah Higher Secondary School''' is an educational institute in the middle part of [[Majuli]], ([[Madhya Majuli]]) [[Jorhat]], [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KESHAB RAM BORAH HS - 2 No Bhuramara, District Jorhat (Assam) |url=https://schools.org.in/jorhat/18170411210/keshab-ram-borah-hs.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=schools.org.in |language=en}}</ref> It has both the high (from class VIII to class X) and Middle English (from class I to class VII) sections. The school is situated on a spacious campus with multiple buildings.

==Campus==
There is a big [[playground]] in front of the school-building where outdoor games are held. The campus is surrounded by [[paddy field]]s on three sides. A [[vocational school]] is on the campus.

The campus is used almost every year to hold ''Bihu Xonmilon'' (stage bihu competition) and ''Bohagi bidai'' (farewell to ''bohag'' month or rongali bihu) during the [[Bihu#Bohag Bihu|Rongali Bihu]] by the local cultural committees.

==Academic instruction==

===Subjects and Medium===
The medium of teaching is [[Assamese language|Assamese]], but students can take classes in [[English language|English]] also. The following subjects are there for both the High and M.E. section. [[Hindi]], [[History]] and [[Geography]] are [[Elective Subject|elective subject]]s and students have to opt for any one of them.
* [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[General Science]]
* [[Social studies]]
* [[History]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Drawing]]
* [[Handicraft]]

===Academic session===
The [[Academic term|academic session]] runs from January to December. After the completion of six months a '''half-yearly examination''' is conducted. At the end of the year, the [[Final Examination|Annual Examination]] is commenced. Every class teacher takes a '''Unit Test''' on their subject throughout the year.

===Summer classes===
This is an initiative taken by the regional [[All Assam Students Union|AASU]] committee to offer free coaching classes to the students during the [[summer vacation]] period. Students from other schools of the locality also can join these summer classes.

==Student life==
The students have a Union which is the general body of the students of the School.

==Uniform==
For boys [[navy blue]] pents and [[sky blue]] [[shirt]]s. For girls, in the M.E. section, [[navy blue]] [[skirt]]s and [[sky blue]] [[Top (clothing)|top]]s and in the High section [[mekhela chador]], mekhela being [[white]] and chador being [[white]] with [[navy blue]] edge. Students wear a [[Badge|school-badge]].

==Events==
Annual events celebrated by the school include [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]], [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]], [[Teachers' Day]], [[Saraswati pooja]], the eve of the [[summer vacation]] and other regional/national festivals.

During the annual sports week students play [[cricket]], [[association football|football]], [[volleyball]], [[kabaddi]], [[running]], [[relay race]], [[shot put]], [[javelin]], [[discus]], [[long jump]], [[high jump]], [[triple jump]], [[Ludo (board game)|Ludo]], [[chess]], [[carrom]], [[musical chairs]], [[Jump rope|skipping]], [[debate]], [[Public speaking|Oratory]], [[creative writing]], [[poetry recitation]], [[music]] and [[drama]].

==See also==
*[[List of educational institutes in Majuli]]
*[[List of villages in Majuli]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=reuQbFK9Rz4C&dq=sri+lohit+high+school&pg=PA52 Assam General Knowledge], Page 52

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Assam]]
[[Category:Majuli]]
[[Category:Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing]]

Asima Chowdhuri

2026-04-18T22:41:35Z

Goandamanholidays: put up a data w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Asima Chowdhuri
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1944
| birth_place = English Bazar, [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| office1 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Malatipur Assembly constituency|Malatipur]]
| term_start1 = 13 May 2001
| term_end1 = 13 May 2011
| predecessor1 = [[Ram Probesh Mondal]]
| successor1 = [[Sabitri Mitra]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| occupation = Politician
}}
'''Asima Chowdhuri''' (born 1944)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Asima Chaudhuri ( CPM):Constituency- Manikchak (Malda) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/wb2006/candidate.php?candidate_id=281 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. She is a former two time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Manikchak Assembly constituency]] in [[Malda district]]. She was last elected in the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].

== Early life and education ==
Chowdhuri is from [[Manikchak, Malda|Manikchak]], Malda district, West Bengal. She is the wife of late Subodh Chowdhury. She completed her graduation in arts and teaching.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Chowdhuri was first elected as an MLA winning the [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from Manikchak Assembly constituency. She polled 48,239 votes and defeated the Congress candidate, Ram Prabesh Mandal, by a margin of 8,383 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=IndiaVotes AC: 2001 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results West Bengal |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2001/west-bengal/154/9 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=IndiaVotes, serial No.47}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Asima Chowdhuri winner in Manikchak, West Bengal Assembly Elections 2001: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2001/manikchak/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> She retained the seat for the Communist Party in the 2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. In 2006, she polled 45,660 votes and once again defeated her nearest rival, Ram Prabesh Mandal of the [[Indian National Congress]], who got 40,196. The margin of victory was 5,464 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Assembly Elections 2006 Constituency wise Results |url=https://in.rediff.com/election/wbdetail06.htm |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=in.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 2006 |url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/2006-election-results.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=www.elections.in Serial No.47}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhuri, Asima}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Malda district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Nabinagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:30:42Z

Goandamanholidays: adding.

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{About|the constituency of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]|Nabinagar city|Nabinagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nabinagar Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = 221-Nabinagar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Chetan Anand (politician)|Chetan Anand]] {{small|S/O: [[Anand Mohan Singh]] & [[Lovely Anand]]}}
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| preceded_by = [[Vijay Kumar Singh (Bihar)|Vijay Singh]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|221]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 283,912
| incumbent_image = Chetan Anand (cropped).jpg
| abolished = 
}}
'''Nabinagar Assembly constituency''' is an assembly constituency for [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar]]. It comes under [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web|url=https://aurangabad.bih.nic.in/election/|title=ELECTION {{!}} Welcome to Aurangabad Bihar {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/nabinagar.html|title=Nabinagar Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020-1">{{Cite web |title=Nabinagar Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/nabinagar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Deodhari Ram
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Mahabir Prasad Akela
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |Yugal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="3" |Raghuvansh Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|[[Virendra Kumar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|1996^
|[[Lovely Anand]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bihar People's Party}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bheem Kumar Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Singh (Bihar)|Vijay Kumar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Virendra Kumar Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Singh (Bihar)|Vijay Kumar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Chetan Anand (politician)|Chetan Anand]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
|}
^denotes by-election

== Election results =={{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nabinagar<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Nabi Nagar">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04221.htm|title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Nabi Nagar|date=14 November 2025|work=|accessdate=16 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116184334/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04221.htm|archivedate=16 November 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India|language=en}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Chetan Anand (politician)|Chetan Anand]]
|votes = {{formatnum:80380}}
|percentage = 42.29
|change = +1.61
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Amod Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:80268}}
|percentage = 42.23
|change = +1.55
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lav Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:7075}}
|percentage = 3.72
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vinod Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:6595}}
|percentage = 3.47
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Archana Chandra
|votes = {{formatnum:4085}}
|percentage = 2.15
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = NOTA
|votes = {{formatnum:4042}}
|percentage = 2.13
|change = +0.02
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mrityunjay Kr
|votes = {{formatnum:3670}}
|percentage = 1.93
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|candidate = Dharmendra Rajwar
|votes = {{formatnum:2326}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = SUCI (C)
|candidate = Anil Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:906}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = SP (L)
|candidate = Ajay Bhuiyan
|votes = {{formatnum:709}}
|percentage = 0.37
|change = ''New''
}}{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:112}}
|percentage = 0.06
|change = -12.55
}}{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190056}}
|percentage = 68.68
|change = +10.82
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
}}{{Election box end}}
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nabinagar<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Nabi Nagar">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04221.htm|title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Nabi Nagar|date=14 November 2025|work=|accessdate=16 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116184334/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04221.htm|archivedate=16 November 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Chetan Anand
|votes = {{formatnum:80380}}
|percentage = 42.29
|change = +14.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Amod Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:80268}}
|percentage = 42.23
|change = +1.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lav Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:7075}}
|percentage = 3.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vinod Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:6595}}
|percentage = 3.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Archana Chandra
|votes = {{formatnum:4085}}
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mritunjay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3670}}
|percentage = 1.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
|candidate = Dharmendra Rajwar
|votes = {{formatnum:2336}}
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4042}}
|percentage = 2.13
|change = +0.02
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:112}}
|percentage = 0.06
|change = -12.55
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190066}}
|percentage = 66.95
|change = +9.09
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nabinagar<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Vijay Kumar Singh (Bihar)]]
|votes = {{formatnum:64943}}
|percentage = 40.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Virendra Kumar Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:44822}}
|percentage = 28.07
|change = -2.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = [[Dharmendra Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:23490}}
|percentage = 14.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Vijay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:9140}}
|percentage = 5.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Devpujan Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:2994}}
|percentage = 1.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Baban Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1977}}
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Anuj Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1756}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ranjan Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1665}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanju Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:1589}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3368}}
|percentage = 2.11
|change = +0.85
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:20121}}
|percentage = 12.61
|change = +8.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:159657}}
|percentage = 57.86
|change = +4.32
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nabinagar<ref name="Nabinagar Constituency Election Results 2015 -2025">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nabinagar|title=Nabinagar Constituency Election Results 2015 -2025|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=16 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116184406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nabinagar|archivedate=16 November 2025|publisher=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Virendra Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:42035}}
|percentage = 31.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gopal Narayan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:36774}}
|percentage = 27.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Vijay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:22053}}
|percentage = 16.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manju Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:17106}}
|percentage = 12.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hari Shankar Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:3205}}
|percentage = 2.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ram Ashis Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:2659}}
|percentage = 1.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtra Sewa Dal
|candidate = Dhanjay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1628}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surendra Pasawan
|votes = {{formatnum:1535}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lalmohan Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:1385}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1710}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5261}}
|percentage = 3.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:135315}}
|percentage = 53.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{coord|24.61|84.13|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Aurangabad district, Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Thoiba Singh Kshetrimayum

2026-04-13T05:19:36Z

Goandamanholidays: new basic biography w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Western name order|Kshetrimayum Thoiba Singh}}
{{Meitei name|[[Kshetrimayum]]|[[Thoiba]]|[[Singh]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Thoiba Singh
| image =
| imagesize = 
| caption =
| fullname = Thoiba Singh Kshetrimayum
| nickname =
| nationality =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|12|01}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 5'6" (164 cm) 
| weight = 139 lbs (63 kg) 
| website =
| country = [[India]]
| sport = [[Field hockey]]
| event =
| collegeteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[1986 Asian Games|1986 Seoul]] | [[Field hockey at the 1986 Asian Games|Team]] }}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 1990 Asian Games|1990 Beijing]]|Team}}
}}
'''Thoiba Singh Kshetrimayum''' ({{langx|mni|Kshetrimayum Thoiba Singh}}, born 1 December 1955) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player, who represented India at the [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympics]] and [[Asian Games]]. He played as a left-winger and was known for his speed and stamina. Today{{when|date=January 2011}} he coaches the Imphal Rangers, hockey team.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023124629/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080805/jsp/northeast/story_9647313.jsp Hockey Union win:] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 5 August 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/62903/ Waiting for the next Thoiba] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 18 January 2005.</ref>

==Early life==
Born on 1 February 1961, in [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], [[India]], to Ksh. Giridhon Singh and Ksh(o) Maikoibi Devi, Thoiba Singh took to hockey early on in life, and soon found his natural talent in the game.

==Professional career==

He was a member of the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] field hockey team in which India came in the 6th place. Other than Olympics, he represented India at Asia Cup 1985, 1989; Champions Trophy 1985, 1989; Azlan Shah Trophy 1985; [[1986 Asian Games]], 1990; World Cup 1986; Indo-Pak Test Series 1986; Five-nation 1988 and Indira Gandhi tournament 1987.<ref>[http://imphaleast.nic.in/sports_personality.htm Sports Personality:Ksh. Toiba Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211061345/http://imphaleast.nic.in/sports_personality.htm |date=2014-12-11 }} [[Imphal East district]] Official website.</ref>
Presently working as Dy. General Manager, Food Corporation of India, Regional Office, Imphal, Manipur

==See also==
* [[India at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418120146/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/thoiba-singh-1.html About Thoiba Singh from Sports-Reference.com]

{{India FH Squad 1986 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 1988 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 1990 Asian Games}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Thoiba}}
[[Category:Indian field hockey coaches]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Imphal West district]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1986 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1990 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1990 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]

Narendra Nagar (politician)

2026-04-11T10:20:49Z

Goandamanholidays: new.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Narendra Nagar
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|10|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = Khanpur [[Jhalawar]]
| term_start = 2013
| term_end = 2023
| successor = [[Suresh Gurjar]]
| constituency = [[Khanpur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]], [[Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| education = Graduation in 1990
| profession =
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_end1 = 2008
| constituency1 = [[Khanpur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]
| predecessor1 = Minakshe Chandrawat
| successor1 = Anil Kumar
| predecessor = Anil Kumar
}}

'''Narendra Nagar''' is an Indian politician formerly with the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/rajasthan/khanpur-election-result-s20a199/|title=Khanpur Assembly constituency (Rajasthan): Full details, live and past results|website=News18|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Nagar was elected to [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in 2008 from Khanpur in [[Jhalawar district]] on the [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]] ticket.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/rajasthan2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=417|title=Narendra Nagar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KHANPUR(JHALAWAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=myneta.info|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/khanpur.html|title=Khanpur (Rajasthan) Assembly Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Nagar graduated from Maharishi Dyanand Saraswati University, Ajmer in 1990.<ref name=":0" />

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{facebook|narendra.nagar.bjp}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagar, Narendra}}
[[Category:People from Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Crime in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Krushal Ahuja

2026-04-09T06:01:54Z

Goandamanholidays: created a post...

{{Short description|Indian television actor (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krushal Ahuja
| image = Krushal Ahuja at Indian Telly Award 2025 (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1994|09|01}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title='Ki Kore Bolbo Tomay' actor Krushal Ahuja turns 28; celebrates birthday with loved ones|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/ki-kore-bolbo-tomay-actor-krushal-ahuja-turns-28-celebrates-birthday-with-loved-ones/articleshow/93923593.cms}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Faizabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Finally, I'm a part of the industry: Krushal Ahuja|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/finally-i-m-a-part-of-the-industry-krushal-ahuja-101633786114681.html}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Model}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| height =
| alma_mater =
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Ki Kore Bolbo Tomay]]''|''[[Rishton Ka Manjha]]''|''[[Jhanak]]''}}
}}

'''Krushal Ahuja''' (born 1 September 1994) is an Indian television actor who is best known as Karna Sen in ''[[Ki Kore Bolbo Tomay]]'', Arjun Agarwal in ''[[Rishton Ka Manjha]]''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bangla actor Krushal Ahuja debuts on Hindi TV with 'Rishton Ka Manjha'|work=[[Zee News]]|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/bangla-actor-krushal-ahuja-debuts-on-hindi-tv-with-rishton-ka-manjha-2388237.html}}</ref> and now notably as Aniruddh Bose in ''[[Jhanak]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Krushal Ahuja on his 'Jhanak' role: 'Audience will witness a varied range of Anirudh's emotions'|work=[[IANS]]|url=https://ianslive.in/krushal-ahuja-on-his-role-in-jhanak-audience-will-witness-varied-range-of-anirudhs-emotions--20231113132405}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ahuja was born on 1 September 1994 in [[Faizabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/>

==Career==
Ahuja started his acting career in 2017 with a short film ''Bidayi''.<ref name=":1"/> Shortly, he made his television debut with the lead role of Dhrubo Mitra in [[Zee Bangla]] series ''[[Ranu Pelo Lottery]]'' opposite Bijaylakshmi Chatterjee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee-bangla-ranu-pelo-lottery-serial-actors-durga-puja-2019-special-adda-147429/|title=পুজোয় হোমওয়ার্ক পেলেন 'রানু পেল লটারি'-নায়ক|work=[[Indian Express]]|lang=bn}}</ref>

From November 2023 to June 2025, he playing the lead role of Aniruddh Bose in [[StarPlus]] show ''[[Jhanak]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jhanak's Krushal Ahuja calls out online trolling; co-star Hiba Nawab comes out in support|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhanaks-krushal-ahuja-calls-out-online-trolling-co-star-hiba-nawab-comes-out-in-support/articleshow/111217305.cms}}</ref> From September 2025 to December 2025, he was signed to play Aviraj in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Binddii]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Doshi|first=Hasti|date=14 September 2025|title=Krushal Ahuja on playing a negative role in Bindi says, 'This is the first time I’m doing such a dark character'
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/krushal-ahuja-on-playing-a-negative-role-in-bindi-says-this-is-the-first-time-im-doing-such-a-dark-character/articleshow/123880990.cms|access-date=16 September 2025|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Since March 2026, he playing Yuvraj in [[StarPlus]] show ''[[Taara (TV series)|Taara]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=13 February 2026|title=Star Plus unveils first glimpse of new romantic show starring Krushal Ahuja and Kanikka Kapur, title still under wraps|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/star-plus-unveils-first-glimpse-new-romantic-show-starring-krushal-ahuja-kanikka-kapur-title-still-wraps/|access-date=4 March 2026|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Media image==
In 2020, Ahuja was placed 1st in the ''[[The Times of India|Calcutta Times]]''<nowiki/>'s Most Desirable Men on Television.<ref>{{cite news|title=Calcutta Times Most Desirable Man on TV 2020: Krushal Ahuja|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/times-most-desirable-man-on-tv-2020-krushal-ahuja/articleshow/82800779.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 May 2021|access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Refs
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
|''Bidayi''
|Nakul
|Short film
|<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Hindi Short Film – Bidayi – Emotional Story of Father & Daughter|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nJyp_-b2kE|publisher=Chilsag Pictures|via=YouTube | url-access=limited }}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Refs
|-
! scope="row" | 2018–2019
|''[[Ranu Pelo Lottery]]''
|Dhrubo Mitra
| rowspan="6" |Lead role
| rowspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Model-turned-actor Krushal Ahuja to play the lead in 'Ranu Pelo Lottery'|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/model-turned-actor-krushal-ahuja-to-play-the-lead-in-ranu-pelo-lottery/articleshow/66879349.cms}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2019–2021
| ''[[Ki Kore Bolbo Tomay]]''
| Karna Sen
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Krushal became popular as Karna in Ki Kore Bolbo Tomay, which also starred Swastika Dutta|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/krushal-ahuja-from-kkbt-on-his-new-hindi-tele-series/cid/1827953}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2021–2022
| ''[[Rishton Ka Manjha]]''
| Arjun Agarwal
| rowspan="4" | [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Krushal Ahuja performs a daredevil stunt for Rishton Ka Manjha|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/krushal-ahuja-performs-a-daredevil-stunt-for-rishton-ka-manjha/articleshow/86069200.cms}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2023–2025
| ''[[Jhanak]]''
| Aniruddha Bose
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Here's how Jhanak actor Krushal Ahuja got motivated to become an actor|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heres-how-jhanak-actor-krushal-ahuja-got-motivated-to-become-an-actor/articleshow/111630845.cms}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2025
|''[[Binddii]]''
|Aviraj Mathur
|
|-
!scope="row" | 2026–present
|''[[Taara (TV series)|Taara]]''
|Yuvraj Shekhawat
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Show
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan=2|2025
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Fan Favorite Jodi|Fan Favorite Jodi]] (with [[Hiba Nawab]]) 
| rowspan=3|''[[Jhanak]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Telly Awards 2025 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html |date=23 July 2025 |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=Indian Telly Awards}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan=2|[[ITA Award for Best Actor Drama Popular|Best Actor Popular]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ita-awards-2024-harshad-chopda-wins-best-actor-rupali-ganguly-showers-love-husband-ashwin-876159|title=Harshad Chopda wins best actor|website= IBtimes}}</ref>
|-
|2026
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title= ITA Awards 2025 Winners List: Who Won Best Actor, Actress? Harshad Chopda, Rupali Ganguly, Kanwar Dhillon Are|date=2025-12-09|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2025/ita-awards-2025-winners-list-harshad-chopda-rupali-ganguly-kanwar-dhillon-win-best-actor-actress-493264.html|website= filmibeat}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian actors]]
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=9468365}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahuja, Krushal}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Bengali male television actors]]
[[Category:People from Faizabad]]
[[Category:Actors from Kolkata]]

Sun TV (India)

2026-03-28T16:42:12Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{short description|Indian television channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Sun TV
| logo = Sun TV Logo 2026.png
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2026
| sister_channels = ''See [[List of channels owned by Sun TV Network]]''
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1993|4|14|df=y}}<ref name="History">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sun-tv-network-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-17994.cms|title=Sun TV Network Ltd. |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=28 November 2015}}</ref>
| closed_date =
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]
| network = [[Sun TV Network]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| area = Worldwide
| headquarters = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| former_names =
| replaced =
| timeshift_service =
| owner = [[Sun Group]]
| website = [https://www.sunnetwork.in Sun TV]
| terr_serv_1 = {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Astro (company)|Astro]]
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 215 ([[High definition television|HD]])
| online_serv_1 = [[Sun NXT]] ([[India]])
| online_chan_1 = [https://www.sunnxt.com/home Sun TV]
| terr_serv_2 = {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Astro NJOI|NJOI]]
| terr_chan_2 = Channel 215 ([[High definition television|HD]])
| online_serv_2 = {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Astro (company)|Astro]]
| online_chan_2 = [[Astro Go]] / On Demand
}}

'''Sun TV''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[general entertainment]] [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Sun TV Network]]. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the [[Chennai]]-based [[media conglomerate]] [[SUN Group|Sun Group's]] [[Sun TV Network]]. It was founded and is owned by [[Kalanithi Maran]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Menon|first=Jaya|title=Karunanidhi wife pulls out stake in Sun TV|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=81585|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=8 November 2005}}</ref>

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bseindia.com/corporates/anndet_new.aspx?newsid=af1b67fd-3e02-4933-8806-54fc2be189ea|title=Sun TV HD launched|access-date=28 November 2015|publisher=bseindia.com}}</ref>

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The amazing rise of Sun TV|url=https://m.rediff.com/money/2006/apr/04sun.htm|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sun group bets big on second channel to take on competition|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sun-group-bets-big-on-second-channel-to-take-on-competition/article25281455.ece|website=The Hindu|date=22 October 2018|last1=Vijayakumar|first1=Sanjay|last2=Kandavel|first2=Sangeetha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 44 - DATA: Week 44: Saturday, 30th October 2021 To Friday, 5th November 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|access-date=16 November 2021|website=[[Broadcast Audience Research Council]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116174716/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.{{citation needed|date=February 2026}}

==History==
Kalanithi Maran has been interested in television since his trip to the United States where he did an MBA at the [[University of Scranton]] in the mid-1980s. At the time, Doordarshan controlled the entirety of India's television landscape. Upon returning, he had plans to set up a television channel, but the plans were thwarted by the ongoing monopoly and the lack of liberalisation of the sector.<ref name="strongsignal">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2009/1130/india-richest-09-maran-sun-television-strong-signal.html |title=Strong Signal |work=Forbes |date=30 November 2009 |access-date=8 August 2010 |first=Naazneen |last=Karmali |archive-date=29 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829105224/http://www.forbes.com/global/2009/1130/india-richest-09-maran-sun-television-strong-signal.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sun TV is the flagship channel of [[Sun TV Network]] which started on the [[Puthandu|Tamil New Year]], 14 April 1993.<ref name="History"/><ref name="strongsignal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ia.rediff.com/money/2006/apr/28spec.htm |title=Rediff India Abroad, April 28, 2006 – Kalanithi Maran: A 'Sunshine' story, by Sanjiv Shankaran and S. Bridget Leena in New Delhi |work=Rediff.com |access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref>

It started off with a four and a half hour programming per day on a time sharing agreement with [[Asia Television Network|ATN]], India's first independent television channel, having rejected a proposal for an afternoon slot on [[Zee TV]].<ref name="kalanithi">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/kalanithi-maran-sun-tv-the-evolution-180424 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144038/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/kalanithi-maran-sun-tv-the-evolution-180424 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 April 2018 |title=Kalanithi Maran, Sun TV: the evolution |date=24 April 2018 |access-date=9 February 2024|publisher=Indian Television }}</ref> In January 1997, it started 24-hour broadcasts.

In 1995, it signed an agreement with ST Teleport in [[Singapore]] to provide uplink.<ref>{{cite news |title=ST Teleport to double number of satellites as demand grows |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950428-1.2.78 |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=The Straits Times |date=28 April 1995}}</ref> [[StarHub TV|Singapore Cable Vision]] added the channel on 1 October 1996.<ref>{{cite news |title=Page 11 Advertisements Column 1 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19960925-1.2.19.1 |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=The Straits Times |date=25 September 1996}}</ref>

Sun TV went to become one of the most profitable television channels in India, considering that, as late as 2009, one third of households in India with television sets were in Tamil Nadu and adjacent states.<ref name="strongsignal"/> Sun TV was listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] on 24 April 2006 upon raising $133 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bharatan |first=Shilpa |url=https://variety.com/2006/tv/news/sun-tv-looks-to-raise-coin-with-ipo-1117940460/ |title=Variety.com, Monday, April 24, 2006, 6:36pm PT – Sun TV shines on Exchange |work=Variety |date=27 March 2006 |access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref> It is the most viewed Tamil television channel in the world with syndicated broadcasts in several countries such as the United States, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Australia, Canada, South Africa, Qatar, Hong Kong, Europe (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands and Ireland) and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ram|first=Arun|title=Karunanidhis pull out of Sun TV|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_karunanidhis-pull-out-of-sun-tv_8839|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 November 2005}}</ref> In October 2009, Sun TV's network of channels had a sum of 21 programmes among the 100 most watched; more than 16 shows came from the Zee network.<ref name="strongsignal"/>

Network18 Group has 50% dealing distribution with Sun TV Network, which led them to make Sun18. In July 2010, with the creation of Sun18, Sun TV Network became responsible for the South Indian market, while Network18 was responsible for the North Indian market.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 July 2010 |title=Network18, Sun form distribution JV |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/content/network18-sun-form-distribution-jv |access-date=19 October 2022 |website=Indiantelevision.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2010-07-13 |title=Sun Network ties up with Network18 to form Sun18 |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Sun-Network-ties-up-with-Network18-to-form-Sun18/article16195437.ece |access-date=2022-10-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Programming==
{{Main|List of programs broadcast by Sun TV (India)|Entertainment = Chummakizhi - Every Sunday 12pm
Rowdy baby- Every Sunday 1pm
Masterchef Tamil - Every Sunday 2pm}}

== Scandal ==
On 8 December 2013, the [[2013 Little India riot|Little India Riot]] broke out at [[Singapore]]. On 9 December 2013, Sun TV made a false news report on the riot saying that the deceased was pushed out of the bus by the driver, as well as attacked by locals. Lim Thuan Kuan, Singapore's High Commissioner to India, protest against the false report. As a result, Sun TV issued a correction the following day and apologized for the error.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=S |date=11 December 2013 |title=Sun TV apologises for incorrect news report on Little India riot |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/sun-tv-says-correct/918866.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214004913/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/sun-tv-says-correct/918866.html |archive-date=14 December 2013}}</ref>

==Awards==
Sun TV also hosts numerous film-industry–related events in [[Tamil Nadu]] and the [[Sun Kudumbam Awards 2010|Sun Kudumbam Awards]] ceremony biannually.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Kishore|title=Karunanidhi pull out of Sun TV|url=http://www.televisionpoint.com/news/newsfullstory.php?id=1131413216|publisher=Televisionpoint.com |date=8 November 2005}}</ref>

==Sister channels==
===KTV===
{{Main article|KTV (India)}}

'''KTV''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language movie [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Sun TV Network]], broadcasting [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language films. It was launched on 22 October 2001.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pande |first=Shamni |title=Sun Network flexes muscles; to launch KTV channel on October 22 |url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/3368_Sun-Network-flexes-muscles;-to-launch-KTV-channel-on-October-22 |access-date=4 April 2014 |work=afaqs.com |publisher=agencyfaqs!}}</ref>

===Sun Music===
[[File:Sun Music Logo 2026.png|thumb|logo in use since 2026]]
'''Sun Music''' is India's first [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language music [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Sun TV Network]]. It was launched on 5 September 2004. Its HD counterpart was launched on 11 December 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BSEINDIA |url=https://www.bseindia.com/corporates/anndet_new.aspx?newsid=af1b67fd-3e02-4933-8806-54fc2be189ea |website=www.bseindia.com}}</ref>

=== Sun News ===
'''Sun News''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language news [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Sun TV Network]], headquartered at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was launched in May 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Sun TV Network Ltd., Company |url=https://www.goodreturns.in/company/sun-tv-network/history.html#1771871400 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Goodreturn |language=en}}</ref>

===Chutti TV===
{{Main article|Chutti TV}}

'''Chutti TV''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language kids [[pay television]] channel from the [[Sun TV Network]] in [[India]]. The [[target audience]] are children aged between 3 and 17. It was launched on 29 April 2007, making it Sun TV Network's first ever television channel for kids.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 2015 |title=Chutti TV airs the first motion capture game show in Tamil |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Chutti-TV-airs-the-first-motion-capture-game-show-in-Tamil/articleshow/47498408.cms |access-date=2019-08-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

===Adithya TV===
{{Main article|Adithya TV}}

'''Adithya TV''' is a channel dedicated to comedy. It mainly airs comedy segments from Tamil films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 22, 2014 |title=Adithya TV launches comedy tour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/adithya-tv-launches-comedy-tour/articleshow/45600284.cms |access-date=2026-02-21 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{official website}}

{{Sun Group}}
{{Tamil language television channels}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Tamil-language television channels]]
[[Category:Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1993]]
[[Category:Sun Group]]
[[Category:Television stations in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Within You Without You

2026-03-27T15:07:53Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|1967 song by the Beatles}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Within You Without You
| cover = [[File:Within you and without you sheet music.PNG|160px]]
| caption = Cover of the [[Northern Songs]] sheet music
| type = song
| artist = [[the Beatles]]
| album = [[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]
| released = {{Start date|1967|5|26|df=yes}}<ref>{{harvnb|Everett|1999|p=123}}: "In the United Kingdom, ''Sgt. Pepper''{{nbsp}}... was rush-released six days ahead of its official date, June 1".</ref>
| recorded = 15 and 22 March, 3 April 1967
| studio = [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI]], London
| genre = * [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]]
* [[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]
* [[raga rock]]{{sfn|Schaffner|1978|p=79}}
| length = 5:05
| label = [[Parlophone]]
| writer = [[George Harrison]]
| producer = [[George Martin]]
| misc = {{Audio sample
| type = song
| file = "Within You Without You" by the Beatles, written by George Harrison, 1967.ogg
| description = "Within You Without You"
}}
}}
"'''Within You Without You'''" is a song by the English rock band [[The Beatles]] from their 1967 album ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''. Written by lead guitarist [[George Harrison]], it was his second composition in the [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]] style, after "[[Love You To]]", and inspired by his stay in India in late 1966 with his mentor and [[sitar]] teacher [[Ravi Shankar]]. Recorded in London without the other Beatles, it features Indian instrumentation such as sitar, [[tanpura|tambura]], [[dilruba]] and [[tabla]], and was performed by Harrison and members of the [[Asian Music Circle]]. The recording marked a significant departure from the Beatles' previous work; musically, it evokes the Indian devotional tradition, while the overtly spiritual quality of the lyrics reflects Harrison's absorption in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] philosophy and the teachings of the [[Vedas]].

The song was Harrison's only composition on ''Sgt. Pepper'', although his endorsement of Indian culture was further reflected in the inclusion of [[yogi]]s such as [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] among the crowd depicted on the album's cover. With the worldwide success of the album, "Within You Without You" presented Indian classical music to a new audience in the West and contributed to the genre's peak in international popularity. It also influenced the philosophical direction of many of Harrison's peers during an era of [[utopia]]n idealism marked by the [[Summer of Love]]. The song has traditionally received a varied response from music critics, some of whom find it lacklustre and pretentious, while others admire its musical authenticity and consider its message to be the most meaningful on ''Sgt. Pepper''. Writing for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', [[David Fricke]] described the track as "at once beautiful and severe, a magnetic sermon about materialism and communal responsibility in the middle of a record devoted to gentle Technicolor anarchy".{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=175}}

For the Beatles' 2006 remix album ''[[Love (Beatles album)|Love]]'', the song was mixed with the [[John Lennon]]-written "[[Tomorrow Never Knows]]", creating what some reviewers consider to be that project's most successful [[Mashup (music)|mashup]]. [[Sonic Youth]], [[Rainer Ptacek]], [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Patti Smith]], [[Cheap Trick]] and [[the Flaming Lips]] are among the artists who have covered "Within You Without You".

==Background and inspiration==
[[George Harrison]] began writing "Within You Without You" in early 1967{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=103}} while at the house of musician and artist [[Klaus Voormann]],{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=111}} in the north London suburb of [[Hampstead]].{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=174}} Harrison's immediate inspiration for the song came from a conversation they had shared over dinner about the [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] space that prevents individuals from recognising the natural forces uniting the world.{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=213}}{{sfn|Tillery|2011|p=59}} Following this discussion, Harrison worked out the song's melody on a [[harmonium]] and came up with the opening line: "We were talking about the space between us all".{{sfn|Harrison|2002|p=112}}

[[File:Char Chinar.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|left|[[Dal Lake]] in Kashmir – part of the "pure essence of India" that Harrison said he experienced in 1966{{sfn|Shankar|1999|p=195}} and inspired the song.]]
The song was Harrison's second composition to be explicitly influenced by [[Indian classical music]], after "[[Love You To]]", which featured Indian instruments such as [[sitar]], [[tabla]] and [[Tanpura (instrument)|tambura]].{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=40, 112}}{{sfn|Reck|2016|p=65}} Since recording the latter track for [[the Beatles]]' ''[[Revolver (Beatles album)|Revolver]]'' in April 1966, Harrison had continued to look outside his role as the band's lead guitarist, further immersing himself in studying the sitar, partly under the tutelage of master sitarist [[Ravi Shankar]].{{sfn|Leng|2006|pp=27–28}}{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=175, 176}} Harrison said that the tune for "Within You Without You" came about through his regularly performing musical exercises known as [[Sargam (music)|sargam]], which use the same [[Scale (music)|scales]] as those found in Indian [[raga]]s.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=112}}

"Within You Without You" is the first of Harrison's many songs to include [[Hinduism|Hindu]] spiritual concepts in his lyrics.{{sfn|Inglis|2010|pp=28, 139}}{{sfn|Tillery|2011|pp=59, 87}} Having incorporated elements of Eastern philosophy in "Love You To",{{sfn|Rodriguez|2012|pp=70–71}} Harrison became fascinated by ancient Hindu teachings{{sfn|Clayson|2003|pp=206–08}}{{sfn|Tillery|2011|pp=56–58}} after he and his wife, [[Pattie Boyd]], visited Shankar in India in September–October 1966.{{sfn|Leng|2006|p=24}}{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=177}} Intent on mastering the sitar, Harrison first joined other students of Shankar's in [[Bombay]],{{sfn|Boyd|2007|p=87}}{{sfn|Harrison|2002|p=56}} until local fans and the press learned of his arrival.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=192–93}}{{refn|group=nb|In an attempt to disguise his identity, at Shankar's suggestion, Harrison had grown a moustache{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=236}}{{sfn|Shankar|1999|p=193}} – a change of image that the other Beatles would follow by the end of 1966.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=71}}{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=222}}}} Harrison, Boyd, Shankar and the latter's partner, [[Kamala Chakravarty]], then relocated to a houseboat on [[Dal Lake]]{{sfn|Boyd|2007|p=88}} in [[Srinagar]], Kashmir.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|p=193}}{{sfn|Greene|2006|p=127}} There, Harrison received personal tuition from Shankar while absorbing religious texts such as [[Paramahansa Yogananda]]'s ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' and [[Swami Vivekananda]]'s ''[[Raja Yoga (book)|Raja Yoga]]''.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=193, 195}}{{sfn|Tillery|2011|pp=56–57}}{{refn|group=nb|Shankar entrusted much of Harrison's tuition in Bombay to his protégé [[Shambhu Das]],{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=206}} who also accompanied the party to Dal Lake.<ref>{{cite news|first=Geoffrey|last=Clarfield|title=Good enough to teach the Beatles, but not to record|url=https://nationalpost.com/full-comment/geoffrey-clarfield-good-enough-to-teach-the-beatles-but-not-to-record |newspaper=[[National Post]]|date=15 November 2010|access-date=31 May 2017}}</ref>{{sfn|Turner|2016|p=494}}}} This period coincided with his introduction to [[meditation]]{{sfn|Harrison|2002|p=112}} and, during their visit to [[Vrindavan]], he witnessed [[Kirtan|communal chanting]] for the first time.{{sfn|Tillery|2011|p=57}}

Harrison and Boyd returned to England on 22 October,{{sfn|Turner|2016|p=659}} and continued to adhere to a Hindu-aligned lifestyle of yoga, meditation and [[vegetarianism]] at their home in [[Esher]].{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=208}}{{sfn|Tillery|2011|p=58}}{{refn|group=nb|On 26 October that year, at [[Heathrow Airport]],{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=245}} the British press reported on the incongruous sight of Harrison, in traditional Indian clothes, greeting the newly arrived Shankar, who was dressed in a Western suit.{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=210}}}} The education Harrison received in India, particularly regarding the illusory nature of the material world, resonated with his experiences with the hallucinogenic drug [[LSD]] (commonly known as "acid"),{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=233}} and informed his lyrics to "Within You Without You".{{sfn|Greene|2006|pp=71–72, 76–77}} Having considered leaving the Beatles after the completion of their [[The Beatles' 1966 US tour|third US tour]], on 29 August 1966,{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=189, 386}} he instead gained a philosophical perspective on the effects of the band's international fame.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|pp=34, 36}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=176, 177–78}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Rodriguez|2012|pp=179, 181}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|Referring to Harrison's maturation, music journalist [[Neil Spencer]] wrote in 2002: "It wasn't just India, its music, and his new-found enthusiasm for religion and philosophy. Now he knew how it felt not to be a Beatle. None of the others had that."<ref>{{cite book|last=Spencer|first=Neil|year=2002 |chapter=Eastern Rising|title=Mojo Special Limited Edition: 1000 Days That Shook the World (The Psychedelic Beatles – April 1, 1965 to December 26, 1967)|location=London |publisher=Emap|pages=78–79|title-link=Mojo (magazine)#Special editions}}</ref>}} He later attributed "Within You Without You" to his having "fallen under the spell of the country"{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}} after experiencing the "pure essence of India" through Shankar's guidance.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=195–96}}

==Composition==
===Music===
{{quote box|quote= "Within You Without You" was a song that I wrote based upon a piece of music of Ravi [Shankar]'s that he'd recorded for All-India Radio. It was a very long piece – maybe thirty or forty minutes ... I wrote a mini version of it, using sounds similar to those I'd discovered on his piece.{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}}|source= – [[George Harrison]] discussing the composition in 2000|width=25%|align=left|style=padding:8px;}}

The song follows the pitches of [[Khamaj]] [[thaat]], the Indian equivalent of [[Mixolydian mode]].{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=112}} Written and performed in the [[tonic key]] of C (but subsequently [[Pitch control|sped]] up to C{{music|#}} on the official recording), it features what musicologist Dominic Pedler terms an "exotic" melody over a constant C-G "root-fifth" [[Drone (music)|drone]], which is neither [[Major scale|major]] nor [[Minor scale|minor]] in mode.{{sfn|Pedler|2003|p=262}} Based on a piece that Shankar had written for [[All India Radio]],{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} the structure of the composition adheres to the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] musical tradition{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=112}} and demonstrates Harrison's advances in the Indian classical genre since "Love You To".{{sfn|Leng|2006|pp=30–31}}

Following a brief [[alap]], which serves to introduce the song's main musical themes, "Within You Without You" comprises three distinct sections: two verses and a chorus; an extended instrumental passage; and a final verse and chorus.<ref name="Pollack">{{cite web |first=Alan W. |last=Pollack |title=Notes on 'Within You Without You' |year=1996 |url=http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/wywy.shtml |publisher=soundscapes.info |access-date=28 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106132444/http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/wywy.shtml |archive-date=6 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The alap consists of tambura drone, over which the main melody is outlined on [[dilruba]],{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} a bow-played string instrument that Boyd began learning in India.{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=201}}{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=71, 112}} Throughout the vocal section of the song – the [[Gat (music)|gat]], in traditional Indian terms – the rhythm is a 16-beat [[tintal]] in [[madhya laya]] (medium tempo). The vocal line is supported throughout by dilruba, in the manner of a [[sarangi]] echoing the melody in a [[khyal]] piece.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} The first three words of each verse ("We were talking") have a [[tritone]] interval (E to B{{music|flat}}), which, in Pedler's view, enhances the spiritual dissonance that Harrison expresses in his lyrics.{{sfn|Pedler|2003|p=523}}

Over the instrumental passage, the tabla rhythm switches to a 10-beat [[jhaptal]] cycle. A musical dialogue ensues in {{music|time|5|4}} time, first between the dilruba and sitar, then between a Western [[string section]] and sitar.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}} The interplay between these instruments follows the call-and-response tradition of Indian classical music,{{sfn|Hannan|2016|p=55}} known as jawab-sawal.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=38, 441}} The passage resolves in melodic unison as the instruments together state a [[rhythmic cadence]], or [[tihai]], to close the middle segment. After this, the drone is again prominent as the rhythm returns to 16-beat tintal for the final verse and chorus. On the finished recording, the tonal and spiritual tension is relieved by the inclusion of muted [[canned laughter]].{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}}

In his book ''Indian Music and the West'', Gerry Farrell writes of "Within You Without You": "The overall effect is of several disparate strands of Indian music being woven together to create a new form. It is a quintessential fusion of pop and Indian music."{{sfn|Farrell|1997|p=185}} Peter Lavezzoli, author of ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', describes the song as "a survey of Indian classical and semiclassical styles" in which "the diverse elements ... are skillfully woven together into an interesting hybrid. If anything, the closest comparison that might be made is to the Hindu devotional song form known as ''[[bhajan]]''."{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}}

===Lyrics===
[[File:George Harrison Chanting Hare Krishna.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Harrison (pictured in the Hindu holy city of [[Vrindavan]] in 1996) drew from [[Vedanta]] philosophy for the first time in his lyrics to "Within You Without You".]]
According to [[Religion News Service]] writer Steve Rabey, "Within You Without You" "contrast[s] Western individualism with Eastern [[monism]]".<ref name="Rabey/HuffPost" /> The lyrics convey basic tenets of [[Vedanta]] philosophy, particularly in Harrison's reference to the concept of [[Maya (illusion)|maya]] (the illusory nature of existence),{{sfn|Allison|2006|pp=63, 64}} in the lines "And the people who hide themselves behind a wall of illusion / Never glimpse the truth".{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} Author Joshua Greene paraphrases the song-wide message as: "A wall of illusion separates us from each other ... which only turns our love for one another cold. Peace will come when we learn to see past the illusion of differences and come to know that we are one ..."{{sfn|Greene|2006|p=78}} The solution espoused by Harrison is for individuals to see beyond the self and each seek change within,{{sfn|Allison|2006|pp=64, 96}} further to Vivekananda's contention in ''Raja Yoga'' that "Each soul is potentially divine. The goal is to manifest that divinity ..."{{sfn|Tillery|2011|pp=58, 59}} According to [[ethnomusicologist]] David Reck, aside from the reference to maya, the lyrics convey Indian philosophical concepts such as [[Nonduality (spirituality)|advait]] (the one essential reality), [[satya]] (perception of truth) and, in the line "With our love we could save the world", universal love.{{sfn|Reck|2016|p=69}}

At times in the song, Harrison distances himself from those who live in ignorance of these apparent truths – saying, "If they only knew" and asking the listener, "Are you one of them?"{{sfn|Allison|2006|p=96}} In the final verse,{{sfn|Harrison|2002|p=111}} he quotes from the gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|St Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|St Mark]], lamenting those who "gain the world and lose their soul".{{sfn|Allison|2006|pp=57, 96}} Author [[Ian MacDonald]] defends the "accusatory finger" behind such statements, saying that, within the ideology of the emerging [[Counterculture of the 1960s|1960s counterculture]], "this is a token of what was then felt to be a revolution in progress: an inner revolution against materialism".{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=215}}

The transcendental theme of Harrison's lyrics aligned with the philosophy behind the 1967 [[Summer of Love]] – namely, the search for universality and an ego-less existence.{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=199}} Author Ian Inglis considers the line "With our love we could save the world" to be a "cogent reflection" of the Summer of Love ethos, anticipating the [[utopia]]n message of Harrison's composition "[[It's All Too Much]]" and the [[John Lennon]]-written "[[All You Need Is Love]]".{{sfn|Inglis|2010|pp=10–11, 139}}{{refn|group=nb|At the Beatles' press conference in New York on 22 August 1966, Harrison was asked to name the most important aspect of life, to which he replied, "Love." When then asked for his "personal goal", he said: "To do as well as I can at whatever I attempt and, someday, to die with a peaceful mind."{{sfn|Turner|2016|p=487}}}} Inglis adds, with reference to the chorus: "The lyrics are given greater depth by the double meaning of ''without'' – 'in the absence of' and 'outside' – each of which is perfectly applicable to the song's sentiments."{{sfn|Inglis|2010|p=8}}

==Production==
===Recording===
Harrison recorded "Within You Without You" for the Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'', an album based around [[Paul McCartney]]'s vision of a fictitious band that would serve as the Beatles' [[alter ego]]s after their decision to quit touring.{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=99, 100}}{{sfn|Ingham|2006|pp=46–47}} Harrison had little interest in McCartney's concept;{{sfn|Greene|2006|p=76}} he later admitted that, following his return from India, "my heart was still out there", and working with the Beatles again "felt like going backwards".{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|pp=241, 242}} He presented the song after it was decided to exclude his composition "[[Only a Northern Song]]", which the Beatles recorded in February 1967.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=209, 215}} In contrast to his prominence as a songwriter on ''Revolver'', "Within You Without You" was Harrison's sole composition on ''Sgt. Pepper''.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}}{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=199}}

{{quote box|quote= George has done a great Indian one. We came along one night and he had about 400 Indian fellas playing there ... it was a great swinging evening, as they say.{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}}|source= – [[John Lennon]] recalling the recording of "Within You Without You", 1967|width=25%|align=right|style=padding:8px;}}
The recording features musical contributions from only Harrison, Beatles aide [[Neil Aspinall]], and a group of London-based Indian musicians.{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=174}}{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=215}} As with his Indian accompanists on "Love You To", Harrison sourced these contributors through the [[Asian Music Circle]] in north London.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=176, 178}} Harrison missed a Beatles recording session to attend one of Shankar's London concerts, an absence that served as part of his preparation for recording "Within You Without You".{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=213}}

MacDonald describes the song as "Stylistically ... the most distant departure from the staple Beatles sound in their discography".{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=216}}{{refn|group=nb|Lavezzoli similarly considers the 5/4-time instrumental segment to be "by far the most radical departure from the normal stylistic parameters of a Beatles recording".{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}}}} The basic track was recorded on 15 March 1967 at [[EMI]]'s [[Abbey Road Studios|Abbey Road]] studio 2 in London.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=103}} The participants sat on a carpet in the studio, which was decorated with Indian tapestries on the walls,{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}} with the lights turned low and incense burning.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=215–16}} Harrison and Aspinall each played a tambura, while the Indian musicians contributed on tabla, dilruba and tambura.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=103}}{{refn|group=nb|The identity of the Indian players remained unknown for several decades. Research undertaken by the Department of Music at the [[University of Liverpool]] has since identified four of the musicians as Anna Joshi, Amrit Gajjar (both dilruba), Buddhadev Kansara (tambura) and Natwar Soni (tabla).<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2017/06/06/unrecognised-sgt-peppers-indian-musicians-perform-tracked-liverpool-academic/|title=Unrecognised Sgt. Pepper Indian musicians to perform after being tracked down by Liverpool academic|publisher=[[University of Liverpool]]|date=6 June 2017|access-date=12 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327085041/https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2017/06/06/unrecognised-sgt-peppers-indian-musicians-perform-tracked-liverpool-academic/|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TI">Staff reporter (9 June 2017). [https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170610/jsp/nation/story_156112.jsp "Forgotten Indians in Beatles album tracked"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212015/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170610/jsp/nation/story_156112.jsp |date=27 March 2018 }}. ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'' (Calcutta). Retrieved 14 June 2017.</ref>}} Musicologist Michael Hannan comments that, relative to standard Indian practice, the use of three tamburas produces "a denser-than-usual, pulsating [[jivari]]" (or "buzzing sound"), highlighting the naturally rich [[harmonic]]s of the instrument.{{sfn|Hannan|2016|p=54}}

The session was also attended by Lennon,{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}} artist [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]],{{sfn|Womack|2014|p=1010}} and [[John Barham]], an English classical pianist and student of Shankar who shared Harrison's desire to promote Indian music to Western audiences.{{sfn|Leng|2006|pp=26–27, 31}} In Barham's recollection, Harrison "had the entire structure of the song mapped out in his head" and sang the melody that he wanted the dilruba player to follow.{{sfn|Leng|2006|p=31}} The twin hand-drums of the tabla were [[Close miking|close-miked]] by recording engineer [[Geoff Emerick]],{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}} in order to capture what he later described as "the texture and the lovely low resonances" of the instrument.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=103}}

===Overdubbing and mixing===
[[File:Dilruba woman.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.65|The bow-played [[dilruba]] features prominently throughout the song.]]
The first of two [[overdubbing]] sessions for "Within You Without You" took place at Abbey Road on 22 March.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|pp=103, 104}}{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=260}} Two more dilruba parts were added that day, after which a [[Reduction mixing|reduction mix]] was carried out, to allow for further overdubs onto the [[Multitrack recording|four-track]] recording.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=104}} The completed track also includes an Indian [[zither]] or harp, known as a [[swarmandal]].{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} Played by Harrison,<ref name="Elwood/SFExaminer" /> the swarmandal provides the [[glissando]] flourishes that introduce the tabla during the song's alap{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=112}}{{sfn|Hannan|2016|p=55}} and signal the return to 16-beat tintal before the final verse.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=178, 179}}{{refn|group=nb|While his contribution as a songwriter was minimal, Harrison added Indian musical styling to several other songs during the sessions for ''Sgt. Pepper''.{{sfn|Greene|2006|pp=76–77}} These include swarmandal on "[[Strawberry Fields Forever]]"{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=188, 194}} and sitar{{sfn|Leng|2006|p=30}} and tambura on "[[Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds]]",{{sfn|Reck|2016|p=69}} which also features a lead guitar part where he imitates a sarangi behind Lennon's vocal line.{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|pp=242–43}}{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=179–80}}}}

Producer [[George Martin]] then arranged the string orchestration, for eight violins and three cellos,{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=215}} based on Harrison's instructions.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=107}} The pair worked hard together on the arrangement,{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=199}} ensuring that Martin's score imitated the slides and bends of the dilrubas.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=112}}{{refn|group=nb|In the opinion of music journalist Mark Prendergast, the Western strings suggest a [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] (or South Indian) quality, contrasting with the song's adherence to the Hindustani (North Indian) musical tradition.{{sfn|Prendergast|2003|p=194}}}} The orchestral parts, performed by members of the [[London Symphony Orchestra]],{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=215fn}} were added on 3 April.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=178}} During the same session, Harrison recorded his vocal and a sitar part, the solo of which, in the description of music critic [[David Fricke]], "sings and swings with the clarity and phrasing of his best [[rockabilly]]-fired guitar work".{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|pp=175, 200}}{{refn|group=nb|While discussing "Within You Without You" in a 1979 interview, Harrison reflected that the song "sounds a bit dopey now in retrospect" but expressed satisfaction with his sitar solo.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/a-conversation-with-george-harrison-19790419?page=3|last=Brown|first=Mick|title=A Conversation With George Harrison|date=19 April 1979|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192002/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/a-conversation-with-george-harrison-19790419?page=3|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Harrison also overdubbed occasional interjections on acoustic guitar.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=107}}

On 4 April, while preparing the final [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixes]] of the song, in stereo and mono,{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|p=107}} Harrison added crowd laughter taken from a [[sound effects]] tape in the Abbey Road library.{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=175}} Martin and Emerick were both opposed to this addition but deferred to Harrison,{{sfn|Emerick|Massey|2006|p=187}} who later said that the laughter provided "some light relief", adding: "You were supposed to hear the audience anyway, as they listen to Sergeant Pepper's Show."{{sfn|Davies|2009|p=321}} The completed recording was enhanced in the mixes through the liberal application of [[automatic double tracking]].{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=216}} Before Harrison recorded his vocals the previous day, the track had been edited and then sped up so that its length was reduced from 5:25 to 5:05.{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=111–12}} In the process, the song's key was raised a [[semitone]], to C{{music|sharp}}.<ref name="Fontenot/About">{{cite web|url=http://oldies.about.com/od/thebeatlessongs/a/withinyouwithoutyou.htm |last=Fontenot|first=Robert|title=The Beatles Songs: 'Within You Without You' – The history of this classic Beatles song|publisher=[[About.com|oldies.about.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906083055/http://oldies.about.com/od/thebeatlessongs/a/withinyouwithoutyou.htm |archive-date=6 September 2015|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref>

==Release==
{{quote box|quote= Harrison's ''Māyan'' discourse [in "Within You Without You"] establishes the firmament for the Beatles' utopian sentiments that ultimately propel the Summer of Love into being: "With our love we could save the world," Harrison sings.{{sfn|Womack|2014|p=1011}}|source= – [[Kenneth Womack]], 2014|width=25%|align=left|style=padding:8px;}}

''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'' was released on 26 May 1967,{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=123|ps=. "In the United Kingdom, ''Sgt. Pepper'' ... was rush-released six days ahead of its official date, June 1".}} with "Within You Without You" sequenced as the opening track on side two of the [[LP record|LP]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|2005|pp=114, 200}}{{sfn|Reising|LeBlanc|2016|p=109}} Greene notes that for many listeners at the time, the song provided their "first meaningful contact with meditative sound".{{sfn|Greene|2006|p=77}} In his 1977 book ''The Beatles Forever'', [[Nicholas Schaffner]] likened "Within You Without You" to [[Hermann Hesse]]'s ''[[Siddhartha (novel)|Siddhartha]]'' – an influential novel among the counterculture during the Summer of Love – in terms of the song's evocation of Hesse's "idealization of individuality" and "vision of a mysterious East".{{sfn|Schaffner|1978|pp=73, 82}} Eager to separate the song's message from the LSD experience at a time when the drug had grown in popularity and influence, Harrison told an interviewer: "It's nothing to do with pills ... It's just in your own head, the realisation."{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=199}}

Although Harrison later spoke dismissively of the ''Sgt. Pepper'' project and its legacy,{{refn|group=nb|Speaking in the 1980s about the album's impact, Harrison described it as "a milestone and a millstone in music history".{{sfn|Clayson|2003|pp=214–15}}}} he conceded that he had enjoyed working on the record's [[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band#Cover artwork|iconic cover]].{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=241}}<ref name="Clerk/Uncut">{{cite magazine|last=Clerk|first=Carol|title=George Harrison 1943–2001|date=February 2002|magazine=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]|page=46}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-2 Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215032558/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-2 |date=15 December 2014 }} (subscription required).</ref> For this, he asked Blake to include pictures of four Indian [[yogi]]s – Yogananda, [[Mahavatar Babaji]], [[Lahiri Mahasaya]] and [[Sri Yukteswar]]{{sfn|Tillery|2011|p=81}} – among the crowd surrounding the Beatles;{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=212}} as a further Indian detail, a four-armed idol of the Hindu goddess [[Lakshmi]] was placed in the garlands of flowers at the bottom of the image.{{sfn|Reck|2016|p=68}} Among the song's lyrics, printed on the back cover, the positioning of the words "Without You" beside McCartney's head served as a clue in the [[Paul Is Dead]] rumour,<ref name="Fontenot/About" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beatles-sgt-pepper-artwork-10-things-you-didnt-know-107812/|first=Colin|last=Fleming|title=Beatles' 'Sgt. Pepper' Artwork: 10 Things You Didn't Know|publisher=[[Rolling Stone|rollingstone.com]]|date=30 March 2017|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210714/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/beatles-sgt-pepper-artwork-10-things-you-didnt-know-107812/|archive-date=13 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> which grew in the United States partly as a result of the Beatles' failure to perform live after 1966.{{sfn|Schaffner|1978|pp=127–28}}

In 1971 the song was issued as the title track of an [[Extended play|EP]] release in Mexico.<ref name="Fontenot/About" /> Part of a series of Beatles releases sequenced by Lennon, the EP also included the Harrison-written tracks "Love You To", "[[The Inner Light (song)|The Inner Light]]" and "[[I Want to Tell You]]".{{sfn|Spizer|2003|pp=95, 96}} In 1978 "Within You Without You" appeared as the [[B-side]] to the "[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]"/"[[With a Little Help from My Friends]]" medley, on singles released in [[West Germany]] and some other European countries.{{sfn|Bagirov|2008|pp=155, 923}} An instrumental version of the track, at the original speed and in the key of C, appeared on the Beatles' 1996 [[outtake]]s compilation ''[[Anthology 2]]''.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=216fn}}

==Critical reception==
===Contemporary reviews===
Recalling the song's release in his book ''The Beatles Diary'', [[Barry Miles]] writes: "Some thought it a masterpiece, some a prime example of mock-philosophical babble. Either way, it was pure Harrison."{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=268}} David Griffiths of ''[[Record Mirror]]'' praised the album's musical and lyrical scope, which included "life-enhancing philosophy", and added: "George Harrison's 'Within You Without You' is a beautifully successful and adventurous statement in song of a Yoga truth."<ref>{{cite magazine|first=David|last=Griffiths|title=Records of the Year: The Beatles, The Beach Boys|magazine=[[Record Mirror]]|date=6 January 1968}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/records-of-the-year-the-beatles-the-beach-boys Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906005316/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/records-of-the-year-the-beatles-the-beach-boys |date=6 September 2015 }} (subscription required).</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s music critic similarly admired the Beatles for "explor[ing] farther reaches in the musical firmament" and described Harrison's composition as a "memorable" track.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Staff writer|title=''The Times of India'' and ''Sgt. Pepper''|magazine=[[Record Mirror]]|date=14 October 1967}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-times-of-india-and-sgt-pepper Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906074245/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-times-of-india-and-sgt-pepper |date=6 September 2015 }} (subscription required).</ref> In one of the few unfavourable reviews for ''Sgt. Pepper'', [[Richard Goldstein (writer born 1944)|Richard Goldstein]], writing in ''[[The New York Times]]'', said the song was "remarkable" musically and a highlight of the album,{{sfn|Moore|1997|pp=45, 57–58}} yet he considered the lyrics "dismal" and full of "the very clichés the Beatles helped bury".<ref>{{cite news|first=Richard|last=Goldstein |title=Recordings: We Still Need the Beatles, But ...|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 June 1967|page=104}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|According to [[Robert Christgau]], in his December 1967 column for ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' magazine, Goldstein was vilified for his views on ''Sgt. Pepper''. Among the many letters sent to ''The New York Times'', one of the most frequent complaints concerned Goldstein's dismissal of the lyrics to "Within You Without You".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bk-aow/column2.php|first=Robert|last=Christgau|title=Columns|date=December 1967|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|publisher=[[Robert Christgau|robertchristgau.com]]|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032316/http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bk-aow/column2.php|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Allen Evans of the ''[[NME]]'' found the "deep, rich rhythm" of the tabla "most appealing", although he bemoaned that it was difficult to decipher the lyrics "because they merge with the sitar music so closely".<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Allen|last=Evans|title=Something Different to Get the Brain Working|magazine=[[NME]]|date=20 May 1967|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Sutherland |editor-first=Steve |title=NME Originals: Lennon|year=2003|publisher=IPC Ignite!|location=London|page=48|title-link=NME}}</ref>

According to the Beatles' official biographer, [[Hunter Davies]], writing in 1968, some contemporary reviewers speculated that the burst of laughter at the end of "Within You Without You" was inserted by Harrison's bandmates to mock the song. Davies corrected this misconception, saying: "It was completely George's idea."{{sfn|Davies|2009|p=321}}{{refn|group=nb|MacDonald cites Harrison's use of laughter as a key example of the Beatles' propensity for an "undertone of irony ... even in their moments of ostensible decorum". He suggests that this especially Liverpudlian trait was often misunderstood by the band's listeners outside England, particularly those in America.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=xvi–xvii}}}} In a review published five months after the release of ''Sgt. Pepper'', ''[[Hit Parader]]'' considered that the album had not endured as well as the Beatles' previous works, and opined: "Harrison has produced a soothing, sinuous, exotic sound for 'Within You Without You'. But even though his repetitious recitation of elementary Far Eastern philosophy is probably intended to reflect the infinity of the universe, it soon becomes a bit monotonous. The laughter at the end seems to be deflating the pretentiousness of the lyrics."<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Staff writer|title=The Beatles: ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''|magazine=[[Hit Parader]]|date=November 1967}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-beatles-isgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club-bandi-2 Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910034349/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-beatles-isgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club-bandi-2 |date=10 September 2015 }} (subscription required).</ref>

===Retrospective assessment===
The song has continued to invite widely diverse opinions.{{sfn|Moore|1997|p=45}}{{sfn|Reising|LeBlanc|2016|p=108}} Among the most unfavourable assessments,{{sfn|Reising|LeBlanc|2016|p=108}} author and critic [[Tim Riley (music critic)|Tim Riley]], writing in 1988, dismissed "Within You Without You" as "directionless", adding that it was difficult to conceive how "lines such as 'Life flows on within you and without you' were taken seriously".{{sfn|Riley|1988|p=220}} He also said that the song was "the most dated piece on the record ... [and] could easily have been left off with little to no effect" on the album.{{sfn|Riley|1988|pp=220–21}} In a 2009 review, Alex Young of ''[[Consequence of Sound]]'' grouped it with the "major clunkers" on ''Sgt. Pepper''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consequenceofsound.net/2009/09/album-review-the-beatles-sgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club-band-remastered/|last=Young|first=Alex|date=22 September 2009|title=The Beatles – Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band [Remastered]|website=[[Consequence of Sound]]|access-date=2 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930085846/http://consequenceofsound.net/2009/09/album-review-the-beatles-sgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club-band-remastered/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Conversely, Ian Inglis considers the song to be "absolutely central to the form and content" of its parent album,{{sfn|Inglis|2010|p=8}} and Ian MacDonald views it as the "conscience" of ''Sgt. Pepper'' and "the necessary sermon that comes with the community singing".{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=215}}{{refn|group=nb|While comparing the song with "All You Need Is Love" – a "transcendental statement" from the Summer of Love that would similarly be misinterpreted in "the materialistic Eighties" – MacDonald opines: "Described by those with no grasp of the ethos of 1967 as a blot on a classic LP, 'Within You Without You' is central to the outlook that shaped ''Sgt. Pepper'' – a view justifiable then, as it is justifiable now."{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=215, 231}}}} Musicologist Russell Reising writes that Harrison's song provides the exception on ''Sgt. Pepper'', where the Beatles otherwise "retreated lyrically into predominantly banal, occasionally schmaltzy, and often trivial vignettes".{{sfn|Reising|2006|p=127}} Author and critic [[Kenneth Womack]] terms it "quite arguably, the album's ethical soul".{{sfn|Womack|2007|p=176}}

Writing for [[Rough Guides]], Chris Ingham admires the track as "beautifully put together"; he describes it as both "some of the most exotic music released under The Beatles' name" and a "philosophical meditation on life and love beyond self ... [that], once surrendered to, is a central part of the ''Pepper'' experience".{{sfn|Ingham|2006|pp=47, 199}} In his book on the history of [[ambient music]], Mark Prendergast includes "Within You Without You" among the album's "three outstanding cuts" and deems it to be "the most timeless piece of dronal psychedelia ever recorded".{{sfn|Prendergast|2003|pp=193–94}} [[AllMusic]] critic [[Richie Unterberger]] admires the melody, but he considers the track overlong and notes the potential for offence in this, "the first Beatles song where [Harrison's] Indian religious beliefs affected the lyrics with full force".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/within-you-without-you-mt0010100281|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|title=The Beatles 'Within You Without You'|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=2 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729020946/http://www.allmusic.com/song/within-you-without-you-mt0010100281|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Musicologist Allan Moore says that Harrison's "command of the quasi-Indian medium is of a very high order" and, with regard to the song's message, he writes: "In its explicit, prescient call to the [[Me generation|me-generation]], perhaps 'Within You Without You' is a key track [on the album] ... expressing the deepest commitment to the counter-culture."{{sfn|Moore|1997|pp=45, 61}} ''[[PopMatters]]''{{'}} Ross Langager has attributed a similar significance to the track:

<blockquote>''Sgt. Pepper'' is about Britain, and the Summer of Love was always about America. The only song on the album that approaches the ideology and rhetoric of the hippie counterculture was George Harrison's sole contribution, the lush sitar-washed "Within You Without You", and it follows that Harrison was the only Beatle to have visited [[Haight-Ashbury]] at the peak of the scene. Even then, Eastern philosophy informed the lyric more deeply than did acid culture, and it's still a dense and stunning composition no matter its ideology.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803105636/https://www.popmatters.com/115776-with-our-love-we-can-save-the-world-the-beatles-within-and-without-t-2496121406.html?rebelltitem=2#rebelltitem2|archive-date=3 August 2018|url=https://www.popmatters.com/115776-with-our-love-we-can-save-the-world-the-beatles-within-and-without-t-2496121406.html?rebelltitem=2#rebelltitem2|last=Langager|first=Ross|date=23 November 2009|title='With Our Love, We Can Save the World': The Beatles Within and Without the Late '60s Zeitgeist (Part 2: 'Sgt. Pepper' and the Sociology of Imperial Nostalgia)|website=[[PopMatters]]|access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref></blockquote>

Writing for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' in 2002, David Fricke included "Within You Without You" on his list of the "25 Essential Harrison Performances".{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|pp=196, 200}} He described it as, variously, the Beatles' "purest excursion ... into raga", and "at once beautiful and severe, a magnetic sermon about materialism and communal responsibility in the middle of a record devoted to gentle Technicolor anarchy".{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|pp=175, 200}} In his review of the 50th anniversary edition of ''Sgt. Pepper'' for the same publication, [[Mikal Gilmore]] said that only "Within You Without You" and Lennon's "[[A Day in the Life]]" transcend the album's legacy as "a gestalt: a whole that was greater than the sum of its parts".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/review-the-beatles-sgt-peppers-anniversary-editions-w484397|first=Mikal|last=Gilmore|title=Review: The Beatles' 'Sgt. Pepper's' Anniversary Editions Reveal Wonders|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=26 May 2017|access-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603150147/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/review-the-beatles-sgt-peppers-anniversary-editions-w484397|archive-date=3 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, "Within You Without You" was ranked at number 50 on a list of the best Beatles songs, as compiled by the music staff of ''[[Time Out London]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/music/the-best-beatles-songs|author=Time Out London Music|title=The 50 Best Beatles songs|website=[[Time Out London]]|date=24 May 2018|orig-year=2017|access-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173746/https://www.timeout.com/london/music/the-best-beatles-songs|archive-date=15 December 2018}}</ref>

==Cultural influence and legacy==
{{See also|The Beatles in Bangor|The Beatles in India}}
{{quote box|quote= ''Sgt. Pepper''{{'}}s "Within You, Without You" exemplified the transformation – a transfusion of Indian melody and instrumentation that captured the zeitgeist of millions of freaky young 'uns sitting around discussing consciousness. Needless to say, sitar sales skyrocketed, as did the demand for [[guru]]s.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Michael |last=Simmons |title=Cry for a Shadow |magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]|date=November 2011|page=79}}</ref>|source= – Michael Simmons, ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'', 2011|width=25%|align=right|style=padding:8px;}}

Harrison's interest in Indian culture was swiftly adopted by his peers as well as their audience.{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=36}} Author Simon Leng writes that "'Within You Without You', and Harrison's leadership of the Beatles into Vedic philosophy, sparked the entire fashion for Indian music and a million backpackers' pilgrimages to Kashmir ..."{{sfn|Leng|2006|p=31}} [[Juan Mascaró]], a professor in [[Sanskrit]] studies at [[Cambridge University]], wrote to Harrison after the song's release,{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=182–83}} saying: "it is a moving song, and may it move the souls of millions. And there is more to come, as you are only beginning on the great journey."{{sfn|Harrison|2002|pp=118, 119}}{{refn|group=nb|In the same letter, Mascaró enclosed a copy of his book ''[[Lamps of Fire]]''{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=213}} and suggested that a passage he had translated from the ''[[Tao Te Ching]]'' might make a suitable subject for a song.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=240}} Harrison duly used this passage in the lyrics to "The Inner Light",{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=152–53}} his third fully Indian-styled Beatles track.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=182}}}}

According to ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' journalist [[Mark Hertsgaard]], the lyrics to "Within You Without You" "contained the album's most overt expression of the Beatles' shared belief in spiritual awareness and social change".{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=219}} Harrison's espousal of Eastern philosophy dominated the group's extracurricular activities by mid 1967,{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=185}} and his influence within the band continued to increase.<ref>{{cite book|last=Doggett |first=Peter |year=2003 |chapter=Fight to the Finish |title=Mojo Special Limited Edition: 1000 Days of Revolution (The Beatles' Final Years – Jan 1, 1968 to Sept 27, 1970) |location=London |publisher=Emap|page=136|title-link=Mojo (magazine)#Special editions }}</ref>{{sfn|Tillery|2011|pp=151–52}} This led to the Beatles' endorsement of [[Transcendental Meditation]]<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Nick |last=Jones|title=Beatle George and Where He's At|magazine=[[Melody Maker]]|date=16 December 1967|pages=8–9}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/beatle-george-and-where-hes-at Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905211615/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/beatle-george-and-where-hes-at |date=5 September 2015 }} (subscription required).</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Will |last=Hermes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qK2SnZnMMaoC&q=Maharishi |title=George Harrison 1943–2001 |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=February 2002|page=22|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> and their highly publicised attendance at [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]]'s spiritual retreat in [[Rishikesh]], India, early the following year.<ref name="Rabey/HuffPost">{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Rabey |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/09/george-harrison-living-in-the-material-world_n_1001707.html |title=George Harrison, 'Living in the Material World' |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=9 October 2011 |access-date=30 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150545/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/09/george-harrison-living-in-the-material-world_n_1001707.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Sitar full.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Aided by the Beatles' song, the sitar, and Indian classical music generally, reached its peak in popularity in the West in 1967.]]
Among other contemporary rock musicians, [[Stephen Stills]] was so taken with the song that he had its lyrics carved on a stone monument in his yard.{{sfn|Tillery|2011|p=59}} Lennon also admired the track,{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=179}} saying of Harrison: "His mind and his music are clear. There is his innate talent, he brought that sound together."{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}}{{refn|group=nb|In a 1973 interview, Lennon said it was his favourite song of Harrison's.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Charlesworth|first=Chris|title=Lennon Today|date=3 November 1973|magazine=[[Melody Maker]]|page=37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Hunt|editor-first=Chris |year=2005|title=NME Originals: Beatles – The Solo Years 1970–1980|location=London|publisher=IPC Ignite!|page=73|title-link=NME}}</ref> Similarly impressed, [[Ringo Starr]] said in 2000: "'Within You Without You' is brilliant. I love it."{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=243}}}} [[David Crosby]], who introduced Harrison to Shankar's music in 1965,{{sfn|Rodriguez|2012|p=41}}{{sfn|Turner|2016|p=81}} described Harrison's fusion of ideas as "utterly brilliant", adding: "He did it beautifully and tastefully ... He did it at absolutely the highest level that he could, and I was extremely proud of him for that."{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=165}} Writing in the "100 Rock Icons" issue of ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]'', in 2006, singer [[Paul Rodgers]] cited the track to support Harrison's standing as what the magazine called "the Beatles' musical medicine man". Rodgers said: "He introduced me and a generation of people worldwide to the wisdom of the East. His thought-provoking 'Within You Without You' – with sitars, tablas and deep lyrics – was something completely different, even in a world full of unique music."<ref>{{cite magazine|editor-last=Rowley|editor-first=Scott |title=100 Icons of Rock – As Chosen by the Stars|date=December 2006|magazine=[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]|page=64}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|American musician [[Gary Wright]] recalls listening to "Within You Without You" repeatedly in the summer of 1967 while touring Europe for the first time, and he says: "I was transported to another place of consciousness. I'd never heard such sound textures before."{{sfn|Wright|2014|p=43}}}}

Music critic [[Ken Hunt (music journalist)|Ken Hunt]] describes the song as an "early landmark" in Harrison's championing of Shankar, and Indian classical music generally, which gained "real global attention" for the first time through the Beatle's commitment.{{sfn|''World Music: The Rough Guide''|2000|p=109}}{{refn|group=nb|In his autobiography, ''[[Raga Mala (book)|Raga Mala]]'', Shankar cites the media's discovery that he was teaching Harrison sitar in Bombay as the cause for his elevated status to that of a "superstar",{{sfn|Kruth|2015|p=73}} leading to his high-profile appearances at US [[rock music]] festivals such as [[Monterey Pop Festival|Monterey]] (in June 1967)<ref>{{cite web |first=Harvey |last=Kubernik |url=http://montereyinternationalpopfestival.com/showtime/ravi-interview/ |title=Ravi Interview |publisher=montereyinternationalpopfestival.com |year=2012 |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808133200/http://montereyinternationalpopfestival.com/showtime/ravi-interview/ |archive-date=8 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Woodstock]] (August 1969).{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=193, 196, 198, 211}}}} Peter Lavezzoli also highlights the effect of ''Sgt. Pepper'' and its "spiritual centerpiece ['Within You Without You']" on Shankar's popularity, during a year that served as "the ''[[annus mirabilis]]''" for Indian music and "a watershed moment in the West when the search for higher consciousness and an alternative world view had reached critical mass".{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=6–7, 180–81}} In his Harrison obituary for ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'', in December 2001, [[Trouser Press|Ira Robbins]] considered "Within You Without You" to be "the song that most clearly articulated his devotion, both artistic and philosophical, to India", with a lyric that "pairs worldview and personality in lines that now seem prophetic".<ref>{{cite news|last=Robbins|first=Ira|title=George Harrison: And Life Flows On|date=3 December 2001|work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-and-life-flows-on Rock's Backpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905221731/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-and-life-flows-on |date=5 September 2015 }} (subscription required).</ref>

Writing in 2013, ethnomusicologist Jeffrey Cupchik said that Harrison's Indian-influenced songs, particularly "Within You Without You", "marked the inception of a new 'hybridic' East–West style of music composition – a style that is immensely widespread today".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cupchik|first=Jeffrey W.|title=Polyvocality and Forgotten Proverbs (and Persons): Ravi Shankar, George Harrison and Shambhu Das|date=January 2013|journal=Popular Music History|volume=8|issue=1|page=87}} Available at [http://www.academia.edu/5391509/Polyvocality_and_Forgotten_Proverbs_and_Persons_Ravi_Shankar_George_Harrison_and_Shambhu_Das academia.edu].</ref> Musicologist [[Walter Everett (musicologist)|Walter Everett]] lists [[Spirit (band)|Spirit]]'s "Mechanical World" and [[the Incredible String Band]]'s "Maya", both released in 1968, and much of [[the Moody Blues]]' 1969 album ''[[To Our Children's Children's Children]]'' as works that were directly influenced by the song.{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=334}} [[Dead Can Dance]]'s 1996 album ''[[Spiritchaser]]'' includes the track "Indus",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spiritchaser-mw0000648258|title=Dead Can Dance ''Spiritchaser''|first=Ned|last=Raggett|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101123459/http://www.allmusic.com/album/spiritchaser-mw0000648258|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> the melody of which was found to be very similar to that of "Within You Without You".<ref name="Morse/Globe" /> The duo's singer, [[Lisa Gerrard]], told ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' that they had obtained Harrison's blessing but "the [record company] pushed it", with the result that they were forced to give the former Beatle a partial songwriting credit.<ref name="Morse/Globe">{{cite news| last=Morse| first=Steve| title=Global Spirits: Dead Can Dance make world music mystical| date=12 July 1996| newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|page=59}}</ref> In their 1978 television film satirising the Beatles' history, ''[[All You Need Is Cash]]'', [[the Rutles]] parodied "Within You Without You" on the track "Nevertheless", performed by [[Rikki Fataar]] in the role of Stig O' Hara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/nevertheless-mt0028671122|last=Planer|first=Lindsay|title=The Rutles 'Nevertheless'|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421003932/http://www.allmusic.com/song/nevertheless-mt0028671122|archive-date=21 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|Made with input from Harrison, the film also satirised his spiritual preoccupations as, following the Rutles' break-up, Stig withdraws from the limelight to become a female flight attendant with [[Air India]].{{sfn|Huntley|2006|p=155}}}} Harrison himself included musical quotations from "Within You Without You" in his 1987 song "[[When We Was Fab]]"{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=197}} and in the instrumental "[[Marwa Blues]]", released in 2002 on his final studio album, ''[[Brainwashed (George Harrison album)|Brainwashed]]''.{{sfn|Huntley|2006|pp=329–30}}

Coinciding with the 50th anniversary of ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'', the [[Royal Liverpool Philharmonic|Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra]] (RLPO) staged an event titled "George Harrison 'Within You Without You': The Story of The Beatles and Indian Music" at the [[Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool|Liverpool Philharmonic Hall]].<ref name="RLPO" /> While carrying out research for this project, academics from the [[University of Liverpool]] and the [[University of Sheffield]] discovered the identity of the Indian musicians on the 1967 recording.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/music/news/uncredited-indian-musicians-on-beatles-sgt-pepper-found/articleshow/59081547.cms|author=Press Trust of India|title=Uncredited Indian musicians on Beatles' album 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band' found|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 June 2017|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822014741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/music/news/uncredited-indian-musicians-on-beatles-sgt-pepper-found/articleshow/59081547.cms|archive-date=22 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The two surviving players, Buddhadev Kansara and Natwar Soni, were among the performers at the RLPO event.<ref name="RLPO">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolphil.com/press/george-harrison-within-you-without-you|title=Liverpool Philharmonic Presents: George Harrison 'Within You Without You' The Story of The Beatles and Indian Music|publisher=[[Royal Liverpool Philharmonic|liverpoolphil.com]]|date=5 June 2017|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615120333/http://liverpoolphil.com/press/george-harrison-within-you-without-you|archive-date=15 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2017/06/02/news/mystery-indian-musician-on-sgt-pepper-album-reveals-his-memories-after-he-s-finally-identified-1043447/|title=Mystery Indian musician on Sgt Pepper album reveals his memories after he's finally identified|newspaper=[[The Irish News]]|date=2 June 2017|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630202936/http://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2017/06/02/news/mystery-indian-musician-on-sgt-pepper-album-reveals-his-memories-after-he-s-finally-identified-1043447/|archive-date=30 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==''Love'' remix==
"Within You Without You" was included on the soundtrack [[remix]] album ''[[Love (Beatles album)|Love]]'' (2006),<ref name="Willman/EW" /> which was created for the [[Cirque du Soleil]] [[Love (Cirque du Soleil)|stage show of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6159426.stm|title=Love unveils new angle on Beatles|first=Greig|last=Watson|date=17 November 2006|publisher=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]]|access-date=31 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327042226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6159426.stm|archive-date=27 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Harrison's vocal appears over the [[rhythm section]] from "[[Tomorrow Never Knows]]",<ref name="Willman/EW">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/review/music/0,6115,1560886_4_0_,00.html|title=Love: Music Review|first=Chris|last=Willman|date=17 November 2006|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204224125/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/review/music/0,6115,1560886_4_0_,00.html|archive-date=4 December 2008|access-date=19 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> after the track opens with Lennon's lyric from the latter song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/within-you-without-you-tomorrow-never-knows-mt0015487034/lyrics|title=The Beatles/Cirque du Soleil 'Within You Without You/Tomorrow Never Knows'|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313024216/http://www.allmusic.com/song/within-you-without-you-tomorrow-never-knows-mt0015487034/lyrics|archive-date=13 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Reviewing the album for ''PopMatters'', Zeth Lundy writes: "The 'Within You Without You'/'Tomorrow Never Knows' mash-up, perhaps the most thrilling and effective track on the entire disc, fuses two especially transcendental songs into one: ... a union of two ambiguous, open-ended declarations of spiritual pursuit."<ref>{{cite web| last=Lundy |first=Zeth |website=[[PopMatters]]| title=The Beatles: Love – PopMatters Music Review| date=15 December 2006| url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/music/reviews/8835/the-beatles-love1/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070131033552/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/music/reviews/8835/the-beatles-love1/ |archive-date=31 January 2007 | access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|The tabla part from "Within You Without You" was used again on ''Love'', mixed into the start of "[[Here Comes the Sun]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.okayplayer.com/reviews/index.php/weblog/more/love/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309012259/http://www.okayplayer.com/reviews/index.php/weblog/more/love/ |title=The Beatles ''Love'' |date=9 March 2007 |archive-date=9 March 2007|access-date=27 September 2015|last=Book|first=John |publisher=[[Okayplayer]]}}</ref> The track then segues into a transition piece featuring Indian instrumentation from "The Inner Light".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicomh.com/albums/beatles_1106.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205190411/http://www.musicomh.com/albums/beatles_1106.htm |title=The Beatles – Love (EMI) |date=5 December 2006 |archive-date=5 December 2006|access-date=27 September 2015|last=Cole|first=Jenni |website=[[musicOMH]]}}</ref>}} Paul Moody of ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'' similarly considers it to be the "best of all" the mashups on ''Love'', with the two tracks' "cosmic drones ... fitted together like a glove".<ref name="Moody/Uncut">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103173506/http://www.uncut.co.uk/music/the_beatles/reviews/9044|url=http://www.uncut.co.uk/music/the_beatles/reviews/9044 |title=The Beatles – Read and have your say on the year's most controversial album |last=Moody|first=Paul|publisher=[[Uncut (magazine)|uncut.co.uk]] |date=December 2006 |archive-date=3 January 2007|access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> In their chapter on the Beatles' psychedelic period in ''The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles'', authors Russell Reising and Jim LeBlanc describe "Within You Without You/Tomorrow Never Knows" as "the most musically and visually stunning segment" of the Cirque du Soleil show.{{sfn|Reising|LeBlanc|2009|p=105}}

Remixed and remastered by George Martin and his son [[Giles Martin|Giles]],<ref>{{cite web| last=Holmes| first=Bill| website=[[PopMatters]]| title=All Together Now| date=10 March 2010| url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/121821-all-together-now/| access-date=4 August 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221458/http://www.popmatters.com/review/121821-all-together-now/| archive-date=4 March 2016| url-status=live}}</ref> "Within You Without You"/"Tomorrow Never Knows" was the first track prepared for ''Love''.<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |title= A likely lament: 'You can't do that to The Beatles' |work=[[USA Today]] |date=13 November 2006 |access-date=15 February 2016 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2006-11-13-beatles-cover_x.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025005818/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2006-11-13-beatles-cover_x.htm |archive-date=25 October 2012 |first=Edna | last=Gundersen}}</ref> Speaking to ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'' magazine in December 2006, Giles Martin said that he had first created a demo combining the two songs, which he then nervously presented to McCartney and [[Ringo Starr]] for their approval. In Martin's recollection, "they loved it", which allowed the project to proceed.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Irvin |first=Jim |title=The Beatles ''Love'' |magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]] |date=December 2006|page=100}}</ref> A video clip of the completed track was made to promote the album and was included on the 2015 DVD ''[[1 (Beatles album)#1+|1+]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebeatles.com/node/13738|title=The Beatles' Videos and Top Hits Come Together for the First Time|work=The Beatles |publisher=thebeatles.com|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518083245/http://www.thebeatles.com/node/13738|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Love'' remix is one of the songs in ''[[The Beatles: Rock Band]]''.<ref>{{cite web| first=Russ| last=Frushtick| title='The Beatles: Rock Band' Expands Its Song List| date=21 July 2009| publisher=[[MTV]]| url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1616628/20090721/beatles.jhtml| access-date=14 June 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919025545/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1616628/20090721/beatles.jhtml| archive-date=19 September 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cover versions==
[[Big Jim Sullivan]], a British session guitarist who became proficient on the sitar,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/big-jim-sullivan-dead-at-71/|last=Swanson|first=Dave|title=Guitarist 'Big Jim' Sullivan Dead at 71|website=[[Ultimate Classic Rock]]|date=2 October 2012|access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> included "Within You Without You" on his album of Indian music-style recordings,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/sitar-beat-mw0000459647|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|title=Jim Sullivan ''Sitar Beat''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004023038/http://www.allmusic.com/album/sitar-beat-mw0000459647|archive-date=4 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> titled ''Sitar Beat'' and first released in 1967.{{sfn|Brend|2005|p=152}} In the same year, [[the Soulful Strings]] recorded the song for their album ''[[Groovin' with the Soulful Strings]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/groovin-with-the-soulful-strings-mw0000859922 |first=Ryan Randall |last=Goble |title=Soulful Strings ''Groovin' with the Soulful Strings'' |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004030604/http://www.allmusic.com/album/groovin-with-the-soulful-strings-mw0000859922 |archive-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> a version that also appeared on the B-side of their most successful single, "Burning Spear".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://funky16corners.com/?p=5158 |title=Richard Evans 1932–2014 |last=Grogan|first=Larry |website=Funky16Corners |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>

[[File:SonicYouth.JPG|thumb|right|A 1988 cover version by [[Sonic Youth]] (pictured performing in 2005) transformed "Within You Without You" into a rock song, complete with guitar [[Audio feedback|feedback]].<ref name="Mills/AM" />]]
In 1988, [[Sonic Youth]] recorded "Within You Without You" for the ''NME''{{'}}s multi-artist tribute ''[[Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father]]''.<ref name="Mills/AM">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/sgt-pepper-knew-my-father-mw0001011536|last=Mills|first=Ted|title=Various Artists ''Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922063845/http://www.allmusic.com/album/sgt-pepper-knew-my-father-mw0001011536|archive-date=22 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Fricke highlights this recording as an example of how, regardless of its Indian origins, the composition can be interpreted on electric guitar effectively and "with transportive force".{{sfn|The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''|2002|p=200}} In 2007, the staff of the pop culture website ''[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]'' placed Sonic Youth's version at number 2 in their list titled "Our Ten Favorite Beatles Covers of All Time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2007/09/our_ten_favorite_beatles_covers.html#|author=Vulture staff|title=Our Ten Favorite Beatles Covers of All Time|website=[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]|date=14 September 2007|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129014708/http://www.vulture.com/2007/09/our_ten_favorite_beatles_covers.html|archive-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Big Daddy (band)|Big Daddy]] covered the song on their 1992 ''Sgt. Pepper'' tribute album, a release that Moore recognises as "the most audacious" of the many interpretations of the Beatles' 1967 LP. Moore says that "Within You Without You" serves as the album's "cleverest pastiche", performed in a [[free jazz]] style reminiscent of [[Ornette Coleman]] or [[Don Cherry (trumpeter)|Don Cherry]].{{sfn|Moore|1997|p=67}} Other acts who have covered the song for ''Sgt. Pepper'' tributes include [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], on a [[BBC Radio 2]] project celebrating the album's 40th anniversary (2007);{{sfn|Womack|2014|p=1011}} [[Easy Star All-Stars]] (featuring [[Matisyahu]]), on ''[[Easy Star's Lonely Hearts Dub Band]]'' (2009);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicfeeds.com.au/album/easy-star-all-stars-easy-stars-lonely-hearts-dub-band/|last=Carr|first=Michael|title=Easy Star All Stars ''Easy Star's Lonely Hearts Dub Band''|website=[[Music Feeds]]|year=2009|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113003547/http://musicfeeds.com.au/album/easy-star-all-stars-easy-stars-lonely-hearts-dub-band/|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cheap Trick]], on their ''[[Sgt. Pepper Live]]'' DVD (2009);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogcritics.org/music-dvd-review-cheap-trick-sgt/|last=Roy|first=Paul|title=Music DVD Review: Cheap Trick – ''Sgt. Pepper Live''|work=Blogcritics |publisher=[[Blogcritics]]|date=3 October 2009|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419200636/http://blogcritics.org/music-dvd-review-cheap-trick-sgt/|archive-date=19 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[the Flaming Lips]], with featured guests Birdflower and Morgan Delt, on ''[[With a Little Help from My Fwends]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web|last=Lynch|first=Joe|title=Flaming Lips, 'With a Little Help From My Fwends': Track-By-Track Review|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6289359/flaming-lips-sgt-peppers-with-a-little-help-from-my-fwends-track-by-track-review|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|billboard.com]]|date=22 October 2014|access-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822131520/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6289359/flaming-lips-sgt-peppers-with-a-little-help-from-my-fwends-track-by-track-review|archive-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A recording by [[Big Head Todd and the Monsters]] appeared on the 2003 Harrison tribute ''[[Songs from the Material World: A Tribute to George Harrison|Songs from the Material World]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/songs-from-the-material-world-a-tribute-to-george-harrison-mw0000019300|last=Loftus|first=Johnny|title=Various Artists ''Songs From The Material World: A Tribute To George Harrison''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302220048/http://www.allmusic.com/album/songs-from-the-material-world-a-tribute-to-george-harrison-mw0000019300|archive-date=2 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Guitarist [[Rainer Ptacek]] opened his 1994 album ''Nocturnes'' with what AllMusic critic Bob Gottlieb describes as a "stunning instrumental" reading of the song,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/nocturnes-mw0000951819 |first=Bob |last=Gottlieb |title=Rainer Ptacek ''Nocturnes'' |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=5 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011131143/http://www.allmusic.com/album/nocturnes-mw0000951819 |archive-date=11 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> recorded live in a chapel in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=''While My Guitar Gently Weeps'': Your guide to this month's free CD ...|page=48|magazine=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]] |date=August 2008}}</ref> Writing for the same website, Brian Downing considers a 1997 version by Ptacek, released on his posthumous album ''Live at the Performance Center'', to be "perhaps one of the best unheralded Beatles covers of all time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-the-performance-center-mw0000538356|first=Brian|last=Downing|title=Rainer Ptacek ''Live at the Performance Center''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110081904/http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-the-performance-center-mw0000538356|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Patti Smith]] included it on her 2007 covers album ''[[Twelve (Patti Smith album)|Twelve]]'',<ref>Spencer, Neil (19 March 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305053555/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/mar/18/popandrock.shopping6 "Patti Smith, Twelve"]. ''[[The Observer]]''{{hair space}}/[[The Guardian|theguardian.com]]. Archived from the [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/mar/18/popandrock.shopping6 original] on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2015.</ref> a version that, according to [[BBC]] music critic Chris Jones, "sounds like [the song] could have been written for her".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/xnbd/|last=Jones|first=Chris|title=Patti Smith ''Twelve'' Review|publisher=[[BBC]]|year=2007|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925115504/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/xnbd|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Other artists who have recorded "Within You Without You" include [[Peter Knight (composer)|Peter Knight and his Orchestra]], [[Firefall]], [[Glenn Mercer]] of [[the Feelies]],<ref name="Fontenot/About" /> [[Angels of Venice]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=Reviews & Previews: Albums" > "New Age|first=Paul (reviews ed.)|last=Verna|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=7 August 1999 |page=19|access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> and [[Thievery Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-outernational-sound-mw0000655388|last=Jeffires|first=David|title=Thievery Corporation ''The Outernational Sound''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821041012/http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-outernational-sound-mw0000655388|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personnel==
According to Ian MacDonald{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=214}} and details released by the University of Liverpool in June 2017 (except where noted):<ref name=":0" />

*[[George Harrison]] – lead vocals, [[Tanpura|tambura]], [[sitar]], [[swarmandal]],<ref name="Elwood/SFExaminer">{{cite news|first=Philip|last=Elwood|title=Last Respects to Beatles in an Album That Turns on|work=[[San Francisco Examiner]]|date=3 June 1967}} Available at [https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-beatles-isgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club-bandi-capitol-smas-2653 Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).</ref>{{sfn|Clayson|2003|p=212}} acoustic guitar
*Anna Joshi – [[dilruba]]
*Amrit Gajjar – dilruba
*Natwar Soni – [[tabla]]
*Buddhadev Kansara – tambura
*[[Neil Aspinall]] – tambura
*[[Erich Gruenberg]], [[Alan Loveday]], Julien Gaillard, Paul Scherman, Ralph Elman, David Wolfsthal, [[Jack Rothstein]], Jack Greene – [[violin]]s
*Reginald Kilbey, Allen Ford, Peter Beavan – [[cello]]s

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|first=Dale C. Jr. |last=Allison |title=The Love There That's Sleeping: The Art and Spirituality of George Harrison|url=https://archive.org/details/lovetherethatssl00dale |url-access=registration |publisher=Continuum |location=New York, NY|year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8264-1917-0}}
* {{cite book|first=Alex |last=Bagirov |title=The Anthology of the Beatles Records |year=2008 |publisher=Something Books |location=Rostock |isbn= 978-3-936300-44-4}}
* {{cite book|last=The Beatles|title=The Beatles Anthology|publisher=Chronicle Books|location=San Francisco, CA|year=2000|isbn=0-8118-2684-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/beatlesanthology0000unse}}
* {{cite book|last1=Boyd|first1=Pattie |last2=with Junor|first2=Penny |year=2007|title=Wonderful Today: The Autobiography |location=London|publisher=Headline Review|isbn=978-0-7553-1646-5|ref={{SfnRef|Boyd|2007}}}}
* {{cite book|first=Mark|last=Brend|title=Strange Sounds: Offbeat Instruments and Sonic Experiments in Pop |publisher=Backbeat Books|location=San Francisco, CA|year=2005|isbn=9-780879-308551}}
* {{cite book|last=Clayson|first=Alan|title=George Harrison|publisher=Sanctuary|location=London|year=2003|isbn=1-86074-489-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Davies|first=Hunter|title=The Beatles'' (rev. edn)''|year=2009|orig-year=1968|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-393-33874-4 }}
* {{cite book|author=((The Editors of ''Rolling Stone''))|title=Harrison|publisher=Rolling Stone Press|location=New York, NY|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7432-3581-5|url=https://archive.org/details/harrison00fine}}
* {{cite book|last1=Emerick |first1=Geoff |year=2006 |last2=Massey |first2=Howard |title=Here, There and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of the Beatles |publisher=Gotham Books|location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-59240-269-4 }}
* {{cite book| last=Everett| first=Walter| year=1999| title=The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=New York, NY| isbn=0-19-512941-5 }}
* {{cite book|last=Farrell|first=Gerry|title=Indian Music and the West|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|year=1997|isbn=978-0-19-816717-4|url=https://archive.org/details/indianmusicwest00farr}}
* {{cite book|last=Greene|first=Joshua M.|title=Here Comes the Sun: The Spiritual and Musical Journey of George Harrison|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, NJ|year=2006|isbn=978-0-470-12780-3}}
* {{cite book|first=Michael|last=Hannan|chapter=The Sound Design of ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''|editor-last=Julien|editor-first=Olivier|year=2016|orig-year=2008|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|location=Abingdon, UK|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Harrison|first=George|title=I, Me, Mine|publisher=Chronicle Books|location=San Francisco, CA|year=2002|orig-year=1980|isbn=978-0-8118-5900-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Hertsgaard|first=Mark|title=A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles|publisher= Pan Books|location=London|year=1996|isbn=0-330-33891-9}}
* {{cite book|first=Elliot J.|last=Huntley|title=Mystical One: George Harrison – After the Break-up of the Beatles|publisher=Guernica Editions|location=Toronto, ON|year=2006|isbn=1-55071-197-0}}
* {{cite book|first=Chris|last=Ingham|title=The Rough Guide to the Beatles'' (2nd edn)''|publisher=Rough Guides/Penguin|location=London|year=2006 |isbn=978-1-84836-525-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Inglis|first=Ian|title=The Words and Music of George Harrison|publisher=Praeger|location=Santa Barbara, CA|year=2010|isbn=978-0-313-37532-3}}
* {{cite book| last=Kruth|first=John| title=This Bird Has Flown: The Enduring Beauty of Rubber Soul Fifty Years On| year=2015|publisher=Backbeat Books|location=Milwaukee, WI |isbn=978-1-61713-573-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Lavezzoli|first=Peter|title=The Dawn of Indian Music in the West|publisher=Continuum|location=New York, NY|year=2006|isbn=0-8264-2819-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Leng|first=Simon|title=While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison|publisher=Hal Leonard|location=Milwaukee, WI|year=2006|isbn=978-1-4234-0609-9}}
* {{cite book|first=Mark|last=Lewisohn|title=The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions: The Official Story of the Abbey Road Years 1962–1970|publisher=Bounty Books|location=London|year=2005|orig-year=1988|isbn=978-0-7537-2545-0}}
* {{cite book|last=MacDonald| first=Ian| year=1998| author-link=Ian MacDonald| title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties| publisher=Pimlico|location=London| isbn=978-0-7126-6697-8 }}
* {{cite book|last=Miles|first=Barry|title=The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years|year=2001|publisher=Omnibus Press|location=London|isbn=0-7119-8308-9 }}
* {{cite book|last=Moore|first=Allan F.|year=1997|title=The Beatles: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-0-521-57484-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Pedler |first=Dominic |title=The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles |publisher=Omnibus Press |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7119-8167-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Mark|last=Prendergast|title=The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Moby – The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=New York, NY|year=2003|isbn=1-58234-323-3|url=https://archive.org/details/ambientcenturyfr00pren}}
* {{cite book|first=David|last=Reck|chapter=The Beatles and Indian Music|editor-last=Julien|editor-first=Olivier|year=2016|orig-year=2008|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|location=Abingdon, UK|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Reising|first=Russell |chapter=''Vacio Luminoso'': 'Tomorrow Never Knows' and the Coherence of the Impossible |editor1-last=Womack |editor1-first=Kenneth |editor2-last=Davis|editor2-first=Todd F.|year=2006|title= Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four |publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany, NY |isbn=0-7914-6716-3 }}
* {{cite book|first1=Russell |last1=Reising |first2=Jim |last2=LeBlanc |chapter=Magical Mystery Tours, and Other Trips: Yellow submarines, newspaper taxis, and the Beatles' psychedelic years|editor-last=Womack |editor-first=Kenneth|year=2009 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-68976-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Reising|first1=Russell |first2=Jim|last2=LeBlanc|chapter=Within and Without: ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'' and psychedelic insight|editor-last=Julien|editor-first=Olivier|year=2016|orig-year=2008|title= Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today|location=Abingdon, UK|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7546-6708-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Riley|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Riley (music critic)|title=Tell Me Why: The Beatles: Album By Album, Song By Song, The Sixties And After|year=1988|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-394-55061-9|url=https://archive.org/details/tellmewhybeatles00rile_1}}
* {{cite book|last=Rodriguez|first=Robert|title=Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll|year=2012|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=978-1-61713-009-0|location=Milwaukee, WI }}
* {{cite book|last=Schaffner|first=Nicholas|title=The Beatles Forever|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York, NY|year=1978|isbn=0-07-055087-5|url=https://archive.org/details/beatlesforever00scha}}
* {{cite book|first=Ravi|last=Shankar|title=Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar|publisher=Welcome Rain|location=New York, NY|year=1999|isbn=1-56649-104-5|url=https://archive.org/details/ragamalaautobiog00shan}}
* {{cite book|last=Spizer|first=Bruce|title=The Beatles on Apple Records|publisher=498 Productions|location=New Orleans, LA|year=2003|isbn=0-9662649-4-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Tillery|first=Gary|title=Working Class Mystic: A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison|publisher=Quest Books|location=Wheaton, IL|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8356-0900-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Turner|first=Steve|title=Beatles '66: The Revolutionary Year|year=2016|publisher=HarperLuxe|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-06-249713-0}}
* {{cite book|last= Womack |first= Kenneth |year= 2007 | title = Long and Winding Roads: The Evolving Artistry of the Beatles|publisher= Continuum |location=New York, NY|isbn= 978-0-8264-1746-6 }}
* {{cite book|last= Womack |first= Kenneth |year= 2014 |title=The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn= 978-0-313-39171-2 }}
* {{cite book|title=World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific)|year=2000|location=London|publisher=Rough Guides/Penguin|isbn=1-85828-636-0|ref={{SfnRef|''World Music: The Rough Guide''|2000}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Wright |first=Gary|title=Dream Weaver: A Memoir; Music, Meditation, and My Friendship with George Harrison|publisher=Tarcher/Penguin |location=New York, NY|year=2014|isbn=978-0-399-16523-8}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band}}
* [https://www.thebeatles.com/within-you-without-you Full lyrics for the song at the Beatles' official website]

{{Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band}}
{{The Beatles singles}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1967 songs]]
[[Category:The Beatles songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by George Harrison]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by George Martin]]
[[Category:Songs published by Northern Songs]]
[[Category:The Beatles and India]]
[[Category:Hindu music]]
[[Category:Indian mythology in music]]
[[Category:Raga rock songs]]
[[Category:Patti Smith songs]]
[[Category:Sonic Youth songs]]
[[Category:Indian classical music]]

HMIS Rajputana

2026-03-25T03:08:14Z

Goandamanholidays: created a post...

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*2 × [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
|propulsion=*2 shafts
*2 [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
|speed={{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}
|range={{convert|2800|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}}
|complement=60
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*1 × single [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|12-pounder {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on}}]] [[anti-aircraft gun]]
*1 × single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder (4 cm)]] AA gun or
*1 × quadruple [[Vickers .50 machine gun]]
}}
}}
'''HMIS ''Rajputana'' (J197)''' was a {{sclass|Bangor|minesweeper}} built for the [[Royal Navy]]. She was transferred to the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) during the [[World War II|Second World War]].

==Design and description==
The ''Bangor'' class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as [[steam turbine]]s were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. ''Rajputana'' displaced {{convert|673|LT|t}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard]] load and {{convert|860|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. The ship had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|189|ft|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|28|ft|6|in|m|1}} and a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|10|ft|6|in|m|1}}.<ref>Lenton, pp. 253–54</ref> The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=c1>Chesneau, p. 64</ref>

She was powered by two [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]] (VTE), each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two [[Admiralty three-drum boiler]]s. The engines produced a total of {{convert|2400|shp|lk=in}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}. The ship carried a maximum of {{convert|160|LT|t|0}} of [[fuel oil]] that gave her a range of {{convert|2800|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref name=l3>Lenton, p. 254</ref>

The VTE-powered ''Bangor''s were armed with a [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|12-pounder {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on}}]] [[anti-aircraft gun]] and a single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder (4 cm)]] AA gun or a quadruple mount for the [[Vickers .50 machine gun]]. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon]] AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war.<ref name=l3/> For escort work, their minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 [[depth charge]]s.<ref name=c1/>

==Construction and career==
HMIS ''Rajputana'' was ordered from [[Lobnitz]] & Co. originally for the [[Royal Navy]] as HMS ''Lyme Regis'' in 1940. However, before she was launched, she was transferred to the Royal Indian Navy and eventually commissioned as ''Rajputana''.<ref name=u-lymeregis>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/7983.html |title=HMS Lyme Regis (i) (J 197) of the Royal Navy - British Minesweeper of the Bangor class - Allied Warships of WWII |publisher=uboat.net |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref> She was a part of the [[Eastern Fleet]], and escorted numerous convoys between [[Africa]], [[British India]] and [[Australia]] in 1943-45.<ref name=nh-1943>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1943a.htm |title=Eastern Fleet War Diary 1943 |publisher=Naval-history.net |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref><ref name=nh-1944>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1944-11.htm |title=East Indies Fleet War Diary 1944 |publisher=Naval-history.net |date=1944-12-30 |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref> She took part in [[Operation Dracula]], the invasion of [[Rangoon]], in May 1945,<ref name="collinsp311">Collins 1964, p. 311.</ref> and in September 1945, carried out minesweeping operations off [[Singapore]] prior to the formal surrender of Japanese forces in South East Asia.<ref name="collins p318-9">Collins 1964, pp. 318–319.</ref>

===Post-war service===
In 1947, the [[Partition of India]] resulted in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] being split between India and Pakistan. Of eight ''Bangor''-class minesweepers in the pre-partition navy, four were transferred to Pakistan. ''Rajputana'' was one of the four that remained in the Royal Indian Navy, which was renamed the [[Indian Navy]] in 1950.<ref name="conways47 p171">Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 171.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{Colledge: Ships RN|year=2006}}
* {{cite book|last=Collins|first= J.T.E.|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/RIN/index.html|title=The Royal Indian Navy, 1939–1945|series= Official History of the Indian Armed Forces In the Second World War|location= New Delhi, India|publisher= Combined Inter-Services Historical Section (India & Pakistan)|year= 1964}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Chumbley|editor2-first=Stephen|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|year=1995|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland, USA|isbn=1-55750-132-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|author-link=Henry Trevor Lenton|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lenton|first1=H.T.|last2=Colledge|first2=J.J.|title=Warships of World War II|year=1973|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|isbn=0-7110-0403-X}}

{{Bangor class minesweeper}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajputana (J197)}}
[[Category:Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Indian Navy]]
[[Category:1941 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:World War II minesweepers of India]]

Sathupalli

2026-03-25T00:24:43Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sathupalli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|12|30|N|80|50|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khammam district|Khammam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Khammam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2810_PART_B_DCHB_KHAMMAM.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|access-date=1 June 2016|page=14,46|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 19.13
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 98615
| population_as_of = 2021/22
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards">{{cite web|title=Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-telangana.php|website=Citypopulation.de |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=622324|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 507303
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08761
| registration_plate = TS-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Khammam
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Sathupalli
| website = https://satupallymunicipality.telangana.gov.in/062/home-page
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sathupalli mandal|Sathupalli]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kalluru revenue division|Kalluru]]
}}
'''Sathupalli ('''also spelled as '''Sathupally''', '''Sathupalle''') is a town in [[Khammam district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is a [[Municipality]] in [[Sathupalli mandal]] of [[Kalluru revenue division]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khammam District New Revenue Divisions and Mandals |url=https://www.districtsinfo.com/2017/02/khammam-district-revenue-divisions.html |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Informative portal for All Districts in India - DistrictsInfo}}</ref> It is situated approximately {{cvt|276|km}} east of [[Hyderabad]], {{cvt|80|km}} from [[Khammam]] and {{cvt|200|km}} from [[Warangal]]. It is about {{cvt|135|km}} north of [[Amaravati]], the state capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]], and {{cvt|126|km}} west of [[Rajahmundry]].<ref name="census" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sathupalli.in/#|title=Sathupalli Municipality|last=bliccathemes}}</ref> The Sathupalli is famous for its coal mines. The town consists a multiple blocks in [[Singareni Collieries Company|Singareni collieries]]. There is nearly 40 km of railway track connecting to [[Bhadrachalam Road railway station|bhadrachalm]] road which is operated by [[South Central Railway zone|SCR]] to transport particularly coal to the [[Kothagudem Thermal Power Station|KTPS]] . Late Chief minister [[Jalagam Vengala Rao|Jalagam Vengal Rao]] is from Sathupalli.

==Geography==
Sathupalli is located at {{Coord|17.21|N|80.82|E|}} on the [[Global Positioning System]].

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|width=250px
|barwidth=100px
|title=Religions in Sathupalli
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Hindu|Orange|85.20}}
{{bar percent|Muslim|Green|13.32}}
{{bar percent|Christians|Blue|1.16}}
{{bar percent|Others†|Black|0.14}}
|caption=†Includes [[Sikh]]s, [[Jainism|Jains]] 
}}

{{As of|2011}} [[census of India]], Sathupalli Nagar panchayat had a population of 98,615 of which '''48,841''' were male and '''49,774''' female with a sex ratio of 1019 against state average of 993. Child population (0–6 years) stands 9783 which is 9.92% of total population with a sex ratio of 1033 compared to 933 of state. Literacy rate stands at 82.37.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Census Operations|first=Director of|title=District Census Handbook, Khammam|publisher=Census of India|year=2011|location=New Delhi|pages=142|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2810_PART_A_DCHB_KHAMMAM.pdf}}</ref>

== Governance ==
The present member of legislative assembly elected in 2023 general assembly elections Smt. Matta Ragamai Dayanand from [[Indian National Congress]] party. Other political parties include the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]], the [[Indian National Congress]], the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. The Telangana Christian Party (TCP), Hindu Praja Shakti Party (HPSP) and [[Jana Sena Party]] offices are located in Sathupalli.

== Economy ==
*[[Singareni Collieries Company]]
Jalagam Vengalarao (JVR) Opencast coal mine is situated in the Godavari Valley coal belt of Sathupalli- [[Chintalapudi, West Godavari district]]. The 10 MTPA coal mine stretches over an area of 1956,89 ha. It is located in Ayyagaripeta & Komapalli villages, Mandal Sathupalli, Khammam district, Telangana state, India.

JVR coal mines consist of two adjacent mines JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II. JVR OC-I started production as a Sathupalli opencast mine at a capacity of 0.7 MTPA in 2005 and was granted environmental clearance on 16 September 2004. On 27 July 2007, Sathupalli coal mine obtained additional environmental clearance for a 2.5 MTPA rise in output and was renamed JVR OC-I.The JVR OC-I expansion project of capacity of 5.0 MTPA was started on 23 February 2015 and coal production was started on 31 March 2015. JVR OC-I has produced 100+ Crore revenue so far(2020).

On 28 March 2010, JVR OC-II received its environmental clearance for a maximum capacity of 5 MTPA over a lease area of 1409.81 ha.

JVR Opencast Project-II, The proposed project is designed for an annual rated capacity of 10 MTPA on a 1910.09 ha area. The project's balance of extractable reserves is 245,51 Mt, with a projected life of 28 years. It is also intended to set up a 4 MTPA coal washer in 13.03 ha of land within the project area in order to wash the coal having an average G12 grade to acquire G9 grade coal.

<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kistaram-open-cast-mines-set-to-boost-sccl-coal-output/article27110199.ece| title = Kistaram open cast mines set to boost SCCL coal output - The Hindu}} </ref>

=== Industries ===
*[[Mega Food Parks]]
Sathupalli mandal, the district's agricultural and horticultural centre, is expected to soon become a major [[food processing]] centre in the state with the formal start of work on the long-awaited Buggapadu mega-food park. Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Government of India has sanctioned Mega Food Parks in Sathupalli, Telangana State.

Industries Minister [[K. T. Rama Rao]] laid the foundation stone for the formally kick-starting works of the Rs 110-crore project on the Central Processing Center (CPC) and other infrastructure facilities on around 60 acres in Buggapadu near Sathupalli.

The project has been initiated by [[Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation]] (TSIIC) under the Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries' Mega Food Parks scheme.

The project aims at facilitating the establishment of a cluster of food processing units, building an efficient supply chain from farm to market, growing farmers ' incomes, and focusing on the district 's enormous growth potential for food processing industry. The CPC will be designed on the Industrial Park Model lines that encompass sewage and wastewater treatment plants, roads, power lines and other infrastructure facilities needed to allow prospective entrepreneurs to set up food processing units under the project.

Core processing infrastructure components such as warehouse, deep freeze, cold storage, aseptic packaging line and other facilities will be provided on a "user fee" basis.
<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Work-on-mega-food-park-in-Khammam-begins/article16378890.ece| title = Work on mega food park in Khammam begins - The Hindu}} </ref>

== Transport ==
[[File:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|Sattupalli bus en route to [[Eluru]]]]
As Sathupalli is located on [[National Highway 365BB (India)]], it is well connected to major cities and towns in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC) Sathupalli Depot operates regular bus services to cities like [[Hyderabad]], [[Khammam]], [[Suryapet]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Rajamundry]], [[Eluru]], [[Karimnagar]], [[Bhadrachalam|Badhrachalam]], [[Kandukuru, Khammam district|Kandukuru]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

== Notable people ==
* [[Ananya Nagalla]], film actress
* [[Hanu Raghavapudi]], film director and screenwriter
* [[Jalagam Vengala Rao]], former chief minister of united Andhra Pradesh
* [[Thummala Nageswara Rao]], [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS) politician
* [[Rohini Sindhuri]], civil servant

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Telangana}}
{{Khammam district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Khammam district]]

Royapettah

2026-03-19T16:37:31Z

Goandamanholidays: updated page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Royapettah}}
{{short description|Neighbourhood, in Chennai district, in Tamil Nadu State, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Royapettah
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline = Express Avenue, Chennai 1.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Express Avenue]]
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13|03|14.0|N|80|15|50.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|link=|alt=|Tamil Nadu]][[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Egmore taluk|Egmore]]
| subdivision_type4 = Metro
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|Zone & Ward]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Teynampet|9 & 118]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 9
| elevation_ft = 29
| population_total = 14,912<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3302_PART_A_DCHB_CHENNAI.pdf|title=Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook, State Tamil Nadu, Chennai (Royapettah is ward no. 0112)|work=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600014
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 044
| registration_plate = TN-06
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[List of cities and towns in India by population|City]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chennai]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Thousand Lights]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Dayanidhi Maran]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Ezhilan Naganathan]]
| blank3_name_sec2 =
| blank3_info_sec2 =
| website = http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Royapettah''' is a neighbourhood of [[Chennai]], India.

== Location ==
Royapettah is located at the central part of the city of Chennai, with an elevation of 9 m (29 ft.) above mean sea level.<ref name="Royapettah Tamil Nadu India">{{cite web|url=https://earth.google.com|title=Search Coordinates and Elevation of Royapettah Tamil Nadu India|work=Google Earth|access-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> The neighbourhood comes under Teynampet Zone (number 9) and ward number 118 (old number 112) of the [[Chennai Corporation]].<ref name="Teynampet zone">{{cite web|url=https://chennaicorporation.gov.in/zone/index.htm|title=Welcome to Greater Chennai Corporation/Zone details|work=Greater Chennai Corporation|access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref>

{{Location map many | India Tamil Nadu
| width = 200
| float = middle
| label1 = Royapettah
| pos1 = left
| bg1 = cyan
| label1_width = 8
| mark1size = 6
| coordinates1 = {{coord|13.0540|N|80.2641|E}}
}}

=== Boundaries ===
Royapettah is bounded in the direction of Northwest by [[Nungambakkam]], North by [[Chintadripet]], Northeast by [[Chepauk]], West by [[Gopalapuram, Chennai|Gopalapuram]], East by [[Triplicane]], Southwest by [[Teynampet]], South by [[Mylapore]] and Southeast by [[Marina Beach]].

== History ==
[[File:Thousand Lights Mosque (6708373959).jpg|left|thumb|[[Anna Salai]] near the [[Thousand Lights Mosque]]]]
Royapettah, along with the suburbs of [[Nungambakkam]] and [[Teynampet]], was part of the Great Choultry Plain, as the [[British Raj|British]] had it in their records back in 1721.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=442}} Soon after the arrival of the British in the city in the early 17th century, a large Eurasian population started settling in Royapettah and surrounding regions in the 17th and 18th centuries.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|pp=77–78}} Muslim settlements started appearing in the neighbourhood from the latter half of the 18th century.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=5}} In 1798, the [[British East India Company]] constructed the [[Amir Mahal]] to house its administrative offices.{{sfn|Muthiah|2004|p=168}} When the Company annexed the Carnatic kingdom in 1855 with the [[Doctrine of Lapse]], the [[Chepauk Palace]], the official residence of the Nawabs, was auctioned off and purchased by the Madras government.{{sfn|Muthiah|2004|p=168}} The Nawab moved to a building called Shadi Mahal on Triplicane High Road and lived there.{{sfn|Muthiah|2004|p=168}} However, the British granted the Amir Mahal to the [[Prince of Arcot]] and the office building was soon converted into a palace by [[Robert Chisholm (architect)|Robert Chrisholm]].{{sfn|Jayewardene-Pillai|2007|p=200}} In 1876, the Nawab moved in with his family into the Amir Mahal, which has since been the residence of the Nawabs of Arcot.{{sfn|Muthiah|2004|p=168}}

The Purification Church was apparently the first church built in the neighbourhood around 1769. However, this was replaced in 1848 by the Presentation Church, also known as the Wallajahpet Church. This was built on a 21-ground plot granted by the Nawab in 1813.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=197}} The Subramania Swamy Temple located adjacent to the church was built around 1889 in the area now known as Zam Bazaar.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=197}} The [[Thousand Lights Mosque]] was built in 1810.{{sfn|Priya and Radhakrishnan, 2016|p=43}} In 1819, the first Methodist chapel in India was opened in Royapettah by the Methodist missionary James Lynch who settled down in the neighbourhood a year before. The church grew into the Wesley Church, which was dedicated in 1853.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=389}}

In 1819, the Madras Eye Infirmary (MEI) was founded in the neighbourhood.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=372}}{{sfn|Parthasarathy, ''The Hindu'' 16 October 2012}} It remains the oldest specialist eye hospital in Asia and the second oldest in the world.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=372}} Modelled on [[Moorfields Eye Hospital]] in London, the hospital was moved to [[Egmore]] in 1884 and became the [[Egmore Eye Hospital|Government Ophthalmic Hospital]] in 1886.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=372}} The [[Government Royapettah Hospital]] was opened in 1911.{{sfn|TNHealth.org, n.d.}} The first superintendent of the hospital was Col. C. Donovan.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=369}}

In 1858, Monahan Girls' School, one of the oldest Protestant schools, was opened in Royapettah.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=389}} In 1928, the neighbourhood had one of the earliest school for physical education in the Wesley School.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|p=100}} The Royapettah post office appeared in 1834 as a subsidiary of the [[General Post Office, Chennai|General Post Office]] at [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]].{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|pp=330–331}} With the opening of the Woodlands Hotel in 1938 and the Modern Hindu Hotel on General Patter's Road, the neighbourhood became the home to the first Indian-style, vegetarian hotels in the city.{{sfn|Muthiah|2014|pp=76–77}}

In the 1930s, a [[Royapettah Clock Tower|clock tower]] was built in the neighbourhood. Gani and Sons, formerly known as the South India Watch Company, provided the clock instrument for the clock tower.{{sfn|Venkatraman, ''The New Indian Express'', 27 August 2012}}

By the middle of the 20th century, Anna Salai had become the hub of automobile manufacturers in [[South India]], including conglomerates such as [[Simson (company)|Simson]], [[Addison Motor Company]], [[Royal Enfield]], South India Automotive Company, George Oaks of the [[Amalgamations Group]], [[Standard Motor Products of India Limited|Standard Motor Products of India]], and [[TVS Motor Company]].{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 6 July 2018}} This, coupled with low rental rates in the nearby streets, resulted in automobile spare manufacturers and dealers opening shops in the region, including [[Pudupet (Chennai)|Pudupet]], [[Chintadripet]], General Patters Road, Whites Road, State Bank Street and so forth.{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 6 July 2018}} General Patters Road became the hub of automobile service and spare dealers.{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 6 July 2018}} This resulted in the region coming to be called ''The Detroit of India''.{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 6 July 2018}}

== Demographics ==
As of [[Census of India 2011]], the total population of Royapettah was 14,912, including 7,444 males and 7,468 females.<ref name="Census 2011 Royapettah Chennai">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3302_PART_A_DCHB_CHENNAI.pdf |title=District Census Handbook, Chennai, Village and Town Directory |publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |work=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |page=30|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>

==Politics==
Royapettah comes under the [[Thousand Lights Assembly constituency]] and the [[Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency]]. The suburb hosts the headquarters of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], an Indian regional political party founded by the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. The headquarters, known as the ''Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai'', is located at V. P. Raman Salai.

== Facilities ==
The [[Government Royapettah Hospital]], which serves as the chief healthcare institution in the neighbourhood, is the city's largest peripheral hospital{{sfn|''The Times of India'', 17 August 2012}} and its limit extends up to [[Chengalpattu]].{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 30 April 2013}} Second in the government sector next only to the [[Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital]], the Royapettah Government Hospital has a full-fledged emergency department, including triage area, resuscitation bay and colour-coded zones, per the Tamil Nadu Accident and Emergency Care Initiative (TAEI) guidelines.{{sfn|Josephine, ''The Hindu'', 28 April 2019}}

== Transportation ==
Located centrally within the city, Royapettah is well connected to other neighbourhoods of Chennai, with several bus routes passing through it. Whites road, Avvai Shanmugam Salai and [[Royapettah High Road]] are the primary streets in the neighbourhood. The city's arterial [[Anna Salai]] tangentially touches the western periphery of the neighbourhood. Royapettah has a flyover on Royapettah High Road. There are plans to build a 5-kl/day sewage treatment plant along the pliers of the flyover and is under construction.{{sfn|''The Times of India'', 14 September 2020}}

Royapettah is served by the [[LIC metro station|LIC]] and [[Thousand Lights metro station|Thousand Lights]] metro stations on the [[Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|Blue Line]] of the [[Chennai Metro]], which runs along the western periphery of the neighbourhood. The [[Royapettah metro station]] on the [[Purple Line (Chennai Metro)|Purple Line]] of the Chennai Metro is under construction.{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 3 October 2021}}

== Adjacent communities ==
{{Adjacent communities
|title = Directions from Royapettah
|Northwest = [[Nungambakkam]]
|North = [[Egmore]]
|Northeast = [[Chepauk]]
|West =[[Gopalapuram, Chennai]]
|Centre = Royapettah, Chennai
|East = [[Triplicane]]
|Southwest = [[Teynampet]]
|South = [[Mylapore]]
}}

==See also==
* [[Neighbourhoods of Chennai]]

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |title=Imperial conversations: Indo-Britons and the architecture of South India |page=200 |first=Shanti |last=Jayewardene-Pillai |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-8190363426}}
* {{cite book |title=Madras Rediscovered |last=Muthiah |first=S. |year=2004 |author-link=S. Muthiah |publisher=East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd |isbn=81-88661-24-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Muthiah |first=S. |author-link=S. Muthiah |title=Madras Rediscovered |publisher=EastWest |date=2014 |location=Chennai |isbn=978-93-84030-28-5}}
* {{cite news |last=Parthasarathy |first=Anusha |title=Looking back in time |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=16 October 2012 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Looking-back-in-time/article12560015.ece |access-date=22 October 2020 |ref={{sfnRef|Parthasarathy, ''The Hindu'' 16 October 2012}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Venkatraman |first=Janane |title=It's time to look at our city's landmarks again |newspaper=The New Indian Express |location=Chennai |publisher=Express Publications |date=27 August 2012 |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article596235.ece?service=print |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324224953/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article596235.ece?service=print |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2014 |access-date=24 March 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|Venkatraman, ''The New Indian Express'', 27 August 2012}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Government Royapettah Hospital |publisher=TNHealth.org |url=http://www.tnhealth.org/megh14.htm |access-date=28 Apr 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221064935/http://www.tnhealth.org/megh14.htm |archive-date=21 February 2013 |ref={{sfnRef|TNHealth.org, n.d.}}}}
* {{cite news |title=Rs 10cr for cancer unit at Royapettah hospital |location=Chennai |date=17 August 2012 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/chennai/33248577_1_oral-cancer-cancer-centre-cancer-tops |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224055002/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/chennai/33248577_1_oral-cancer-cancer-centre-cancer-tops |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2013 |access-date=28 April 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |ref={{sfnRef|''The Times of India'', 17 August 2012}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Priya |first1=R. Sasi Mary |last2=Radhakrishnan |first2=V. |author-link= |title=The art and architectures along the Tamil Nadu coast |journal=International Journal of Art & Humanity Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=43 |date=March–April 2016 |language= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313763972 |jstor= |issn=2349-5235 |doi= |id= |mr= |zbl= |jfm= |access-date=18 December 2021 |ref={{sfnRef|Priya and Radhakrishnan, 2016}}}}
* {{cite news |title=Rs. 4 crore for survey of heritage hospital buildings |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |date=30 April 2013 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/rs-4-crore-for-survey-of-heritage-hospital-buildings/article4667609.ece |access-date=12 May 2013 |ref={{sfnRef|''The Hindu'', 30 April 2013}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Josephine |first=M. Serena |title=Chennai's third full-fledged emergency dept. at KMC |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennais-third-full-fledged-emergency-dept-at-kmc/article26968725.ece |access-date=2 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|Josephine, ''The Hindu'', 28 April 2019}}}}
* {{cite news |last= |first= |title=தெரு வாசகம்: கார்களை அலங்கரிக்கும் சாலை |newspaper=The Hindu Tamil |location=Chennai |pages= |language= |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=6 July 2018 |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/sontha-veedu/134991-.html |access-date=21 December 2021 |ref={{sfnRef|''The Hindu'', 6 July 2018}}}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/tamil-nadu/thousand-lights-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections# |title=Thousand Lights Vidhan Sabha Election – Thousand Lights Assembly Election Results, Polling Stations, Voters, Candidates |work=Datanet India Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=2020-11-06 |ref={{sfnRef|Datanet, n.d.}}}}
* {{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/14-city-flyovers-to-get-vertical-gardens/articleshow/78095276.cms |title=14 Chennai Flyovers to get vertical gardens |work=Times of India |date=14 September 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |ref={{sfnRef|''The Times of India'', 14 September 2020}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Sekar |first=Sunitha |title=Work begins on Metro underground station at Royapettah |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |pages= |language= |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=3 October 2021 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/work-begins-on-metro-underground-station-at-royapettah/article36800496.ece |access-date=18 December 2021 |ref={{sfnRef|''The Hindu'', 3 October 2021}}}}
{{ref end}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news | last = Vamanan | first = | title = Once upon a time in 'filmy' Royapettah | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = The Times Group | date = 29 September 2017 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/once-upon-a-time-in-filmy-royapettah/articleshow/60875915.cms | access-date = 17 December 2021}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Chennai topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Danish Pratap Sood

2026-03-16T04:36:45Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|Indian actor and musician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Danish Pratap Sood
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|1|12}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor, singer, songwriter
| years_active = 2011–present
| notable_works = ''CAT'', ''Naam Namak Nishan'', ''The Fame Game'', ''Jugaadistan'', ''Hostages'', ''Gulmohar''
| alma_mater = [[Ramjas College]] (Delhi University); [[Ambedkar University]]; Xavier’s Institute of Communications
| known_for = Roles in Hindi web series and films; original music for ''Mismatched'' Season 2 and ''Call Me Bae''
}}
'''Danish Pratap Sood''' is an Indian actor and musician known for his supporting roles in Indian web series and independent films.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Danish Pratap Sood on Challenges in Naam Namak Nishan as an Indian Army Officer and His Bond with Varun Sood – Exclusive |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/danish-pratap-sood-on-challenges-in-naam-namak-nishan-as-an-indian-army-officer-and-his-bond-with-varun-sood-exclusive-7199321/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=Cat सीरीज से चर्चा में दानिश सूद, अब तक क्यों नहीं मिली पहचान? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/netflix-show-cat-actor-danish-sood-says-he-took-glucon-d-for-drugs-know-details-tmovf-1597590-2022-12-19 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> He has appeared on platforms including [[Netflix]], [[Amazon Prime Video original films|Amazon Prime Video]], [[Disney+ Hotstar]], and [[Voot]]. In addition to acting, Sood has composed and released music across streaming platforms such as Spotify, Apple Music, and YouTube Music<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/bollywood/actor-danish-sood-traipses-across-bareilly-to-wield-the-bandook/ar-AA1qU2ez? |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=Actor Danish Sood traipses across Bareilly to wield the bandook |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/actor-danish-sood-traipses-across-bareilly-to-wield-the-bandook/articleshow/113524819.cms |access-date=2025-08-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sood was born in [[Delhi]], [[India]]. He later moved to [[Mumbai]] to pursue a career in the entertainment industry. Details about his formal education and training in acting or music have not been publicly documented.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-26 |title=International Dog Day {{!}} Actor-singer Danish Sood: I am against animal cruelty! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/htcity-delhi-junction/international-dog-day-actor-singer-danish-sood-says-i-am-against-animal-cruelty-101724456326926.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Acting ===
Sood made his web series debut in 2020 with a minor role in [[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]], directed by [[Mira Nair]], and later appeared in Hostages 2 as a CBI officer.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-18 |title=CAT actor Danish Sood says he used Glucon-D for drugs scenes in series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/cat-actor-danish-sood-says-he-used-glucon-d-for-drugs-scenes-on-series-101670645010748.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He subsequently featured in [[Jugaadistan]] (2022) and The Fame Game (2022), where he portrayed a gay character.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-18 |title=जानें आखिर 'कैट' के किस मुश्किल सीन के लिए दानिश सूद को करना पड़ा गया था गुरुकोन-डी का इस्तेमाल |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/danish-sood-use-the-glucon-d-powder-for-cat-tough-scenes-know-about-full-detail-2285290 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2022, he played '''Sarabjit "Sunny" Singh''', the younger brother of the lead character, in the [[Cat (TV series)|Netflix crime drama CAT]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Danish Pratap Sood on his CAT co-star, 'I didn't want Randeep Hooda to feel that I am lacking somewhere' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/danish-pratap-sood-on-his-cat-co-star-i-didnt-want-randeep-hooda-to-feel-that-i-am-lacking-somewhere |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=CAT शोचा अभिनेता म्हणाला- 'मी रडत असताना ड्रग्स घेत होतो, पण ते कोकेन नाही, ग्लुकॉन डी होते' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/marathi/entertainment/bollywood/124846-cat-show-actor-danish-sood-talks-about-how-he-took-glucon-d-instead-of-cocaine-in-an-intense-scene-of-netflix-hit-web-series-info-in-marathi.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=MensXP |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

In 2024, he appeared as Gurbaaz Singh Kahlon, a skeet shooter cadet, in the Amazon miniTV series Naam Namak Nishan.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2024-08-30 |title=Danish Sood shares details about 'Naam Namak Nishan' character |url=https://ianslive.in/danish-sood-shares-details-about-naam-namak-nishan-character--20240830132405 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=IANS News |language=en}}</ref> For the role, he reportedly trained with [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore|Olympian Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] and international shooter [[Shriyanka Sadangi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danish Sood to play a national-level skeet rifle shooter in Naam Namak Nishan |url=https://www.firstshowz.com/2024/08/danish-sood-to-play-a-national-level-skeet-rifle-shooter-in-naam-namak-nishan.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Latest Movie Updates, Film News, Movie Reviews,Press Notes, Film Ratings,Celebrity Interviews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Danish Sood On Playing Skeet Rifle Shooter In Naam Namak Nisha: 'Drew Inspiration From Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/danish-sood-on-playing-skeet-rifle-shooter-in-naam-namak-nisha-drew-inspiration-from-rajyavardhan-singh-rathore-exclusive |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

=== Music ===
Sood is also active as a music producer and songwriter. He has released original tracks across major streaming services. His music typically blends electronic, ambient, and indie-pop styles. Some of his work has been independently reviewed in music blogs and online magazines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title=Sound Sessions {{!}} Danish Sood On Juggling Acting And Music: I Want To Do It All - EXCLUSIVE |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/sound-sessions-danish-sood-on-juggling-acting-and-music-i-want-to-do-it-all-exclusive-article-113221515 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Media Coverage ==
Sood has been profiled in several Indian media publications, including [[Rolling Stone India]], [[Mid-Day]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Danish Pratap Sood on fulfiling father's wish with 'Naam Namak Nishaan' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/danish-pratap-sood-fulfiling-father-wish-naam-namak-nishaan-23385676 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> [[The Tribune]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor-musician Danish Sood talks about his love for music |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/music-is-my-first-love-460148/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> and [[The Times of India]]. These outlets have highlighted both his acting roles and his independent music projects.

== Filmography ==
=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Platform !! Notes !! Ref
|-
| 2020 || ''[[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]]'' || Supporting role || BBC/Netflix || Debut ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Hostages (Indian TV series)|Hostages 2]]'' || Rohan (CBI officer) || [[Disney+ Hotstar]]|| Recurring role ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Jugaadistan]]'' || Kabir || [[Lionsgate Play]]|| Supporting role ||<ref name=":2" />
|-
| 2022 || ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]'' || Samar (Avinash's boyfriend) || Disney+ Hotstar || Supporting role ||<ref name=":4" />
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Cat (TV series)|CAT]]''|| Sarabjit “Sunny” Singh || [[Netflix]]|| Supporting role ||<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-15 |title=Did you know CAT actor Danish Sood is also a soothing melodist? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/did-you-know-cat-actor-danish-sood-is-also-a-soothing-melodist/articleshow/96250818.cms |access-date=2025-08-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''Naam Namak Nishan''|| Gurbaaz Singh Kahlon || [[Amazon miniTV]]|| Lead role ||<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Simran |title=Danish Sood talks about Call Me Bae, Naam Nishan Namak, challenges of being outsider: 'We don't get...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-danish-sood-talks-about-call-me-bae-naam-nishan-namak-challenges-of-being-outsiders-ananya-panday-3106588 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Discography ==
* "Jaanu Na" – ''Mismatched'' Season 2 (2022)<ref name=":0" />
* "Kyaa Karun" – ''Call Me Bae'' (2023)
* "Slow Down" (Single, 2023)
* "Saza" (Single, 2024)

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm13390062|name=Danish Sood}}
* [https://open.spotify.com/artist/2U2H2kMvJk8Rz Danish Sood on Spotify]
* [https://www.instagram.com/danishsoodmusic/ Official Instagram]

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Musicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:1996 births]]

The House with a Thousand Stories

2026-03-15T06:58:11Z

Goandamanholidays: new the article added tags

{{Short description|2013 novel by Aruni Kashyap}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The House with a Thousand Stories
| image = THE HOUSE WITH A THOUSAND STORIES.jpeg
| author = [[Aruni Kashyap]]
| country = India
| language = English
| genre = [[Novel]]
| publisher = [[Penguin Books|Viking Press (Penguin India)]]
| pub_date = 2013
| media_type = Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
| pages = 232
| isbn = 978-8-184-75999-0
}}
'''''The House with a Thousand Stories''''' is the debut [[novel]] by Indian writer [[Aruni Kashyap]]. Published in 2013 by [[Viking Press]], the novel is set in [[Mayong, Assam|Mayong]], Assam, against the backdrop of the insurgency and counter-insurgency operations in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The story is narrated by Pablo, a teenager from the city of [[Guwahati]], who visits his ancestral village for a family wedding. The novel explores themes of violence, fear, family, love, and the conflict between tradition and modernity in rural Assam.

== Plot summary ==
{{Missing information|section|the ending of the novel|date=August 2025}}
The novel is set between 1998 and 2002. The narrator, Pablo, a young man raised in the city, travels to his ancestral village of Mayong for the wedding of his aunt, Moina. This is his second visit to the village, the first having been for a funeral in 1998. The narrative moves between these two visits. As the wedding preparations unfold, Pablo is drawn into the complex web of family relationships, secrets, and gossip within his large extended family. His experiences are set against the pervasive fear and violence of the [[Assam conflict|Assam insurgency]], with the presence of the [[Indian Army]] and the shadow of the [[United Liberation Front of Asom|ULFA]] and surrendered militants (SULFA) looming over the village.<ref name="LalitRev">{{cite web |date=2014-02-03 |title=Review: The House with a Thousand Stories |url=https://lalitmag.com/review-the-house-with-a-thousand-stories/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=La.Lit: A Literary Magazine}}</ref>

Pablo observes the tensions in his family, particularly the role of his authoritarian and unmarried aunt, Oholya, who holds a powerful position in the matriarchal family structure. He also experiences his first love with a girl named Anamika. The novel culminates in a tragedy that disrupts the wedding and forces Pablo to confront the harsh realities of life in his ancestral home.<ref name="MintRev">{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=2013-07-06 |title=Book Review |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/76JHY5WSDdqGO7W8KmZWBL/Book-Review--The-House-With-a-Thousand-Stories.html |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Mint}}</ref>

== Major themes ==
A central theme of the novel is the pervasiveness of fear and violence in the lives of ordinary people in rural Assam during the insurgency. The narrative portrays the impact of extra-judicial killings, known as "secret killings," and the constant threat posed by both the state and militant groups.<ref name="CCYSC">{{cite web |date=2021-07-16 |title=Lessons On How and Why To Remember The Dead in Aruni Kashyap's A House With a Thousand Stories |url=https://www.theccysc.com/post/lessons-on-how-and-why-to-remember-the-dead-in-aruni-kashyap-s-a-house-with-a-thousand-stories |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=CCYSC}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Sarkar |first1=Ivy Roy |last2=Gaur |first2=Rashmi |date=2021-10-25 |title=Postcolonial Aesthetics and Sensuous Geographies in Aruni Kashyap's The House with a Thousand Stories |url=https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v13n3.25 |journal=Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.21659/rupkatha.v13n3.25 |language=en-US|doi-access=free }}</ref> The story explores how this environment of fear affects the daily lives, relationships, and psyche of the characters.<ref name="LalitRev" />

The novel also explores the complexities of family life, tradition, and the role of women in a [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]] society with some matriarchal influences. The character of Oholya Jethai embodies the strength and helplessness of women in this setting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Arijit |date=2013-10-03 |title=ARUNI'S ASSAM: THE HOUSE WITH A THOUSAND STORIES |url=https://northeastreview.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/arijit/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Northeast Review |language=en}}</ref><ref name="MintRev" /> The title of the novel alludes to the many stories, secrets, and gossip that circulate within the family and the village, highlighting the power of narrative and memory.<ref name="LalitRev" /> The novel is also a [[coming-of-age story]], as Pablo navigates the transition from his sheltered urban life to the stark realities of his rural heritage.<ref name="MintRev" />

The novel has a [[Nonlinear narrative|non-linear narrative]] which moves between the past and present, reportedly a deliberate choice by Kashyap to reflect the traumatic nature of the events being narrated.<ref name="SahaInterview">{{cite web |last=Saha |first=Abhishek |date=2014-02-20 |title=An interview with Aruni Kashyap |url=https://abhisheksaha.com/2014/02/20/an-interview-with-aruni-kashyap/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Abhishek Saha}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
''The House with a Thousand Stories'' received generally positive reviews. Sanjukta Sharma in ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' praised the novel for its unflinching and tender portrayal of a land torn apart by violence. She noted the similarity in tone and structure to [[Arundhati Roy]]'s ''[[The God of Small Things]]'' and commended Kashyap for humanizing Assam for readers outside the region.<ref name="MintRev" /> A review in ''La.Lit: A Literary Magazine'' described the novel as "an attempt to serve as a witness to greater political and societal changes happening in Assam." However, the review also offered some criticism of the language and editing.<ref name="LalitRev" />

The novel has also been the subject of academic analysis,<ref name=":0" /> with one paper discussing it as a work of [[historiographic metafiction]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mathew |first1=Jimin S |last2=K. |first2=Sreenath Muraleedharan |date=2018-06-16 |title=History Redefined: Reading Aruni Kashyap's novel The House with a Thousand Stories as a Historiographic Metafiction |url=https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-119-15/3/599.pdf |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Academic Publications }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Assam separatist movements]]
* [[Assamese literature]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:House with a Thousand Stories, The}}
[[Category:2013 debut novels]]
[[Category:2013 Indian novels]]
[[Category:English-language novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in Assam]]
[[Category:Penguin Books books]]

Prashant Ranade

2026-03-10T05:36:40Z

Goandamanholidays: New new data w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prashant Ranade
| image= Prashant_Ranade.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| children =
| occupation = Former Co-Chairman Syntel, Independent Director of Public Companies
| alma_mater = Xavier's University, United States<ref name="uta.edu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.uta.edu/business/bw2010speakers.html |title=Business Week 2010 Speakers – College of Business | UTA | University of Texas at Arlington |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070905/http://www.uta.edu/business/bw2010speakers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[University of Cincinnati]]<ref name="uta.edu"/> [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]<ref name="alumni.iitb.ac.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.alumni.iitb.ac.in/daa_award-2007.aspx |title=Dean Alumni and Corporate Relations (Dean ACR) |accessdate=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410130852/http://www.alumni.iitb.ac.in/daa_award-2007.aspx |archivedate=2014-04-10 }}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.syntelinc.com/discover-syntel/executive-leadership|Prashant Ranade}}
}}

'''Prashant Ranade''' was with Atos Syntel from 2007 till his retirement from the company in May 2020. He was the co-chairman of [[Syntel|Syntel, Inc.]], (NASDAQ: SYNT) a position to which he was appointed on 3 November 2016. He was formerly executive vice chairman of syntel's board of directors<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/prashant-ranade-elevated-executive-vice-143000566.html |title=Prashant Ranade Elevated to Executive Vice Chairman of Syntel, Inc. Board; Nitin Rakesh Promoted to CEO and President, Effective April 21, 2014 – Yahoo Finance |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103135/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/prashant-ranade-elevated-executive-vice-143000566.html |archive-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/syntel-elevates-prashant-ranade-as-executive-vice-chairman/article23125097.ece | title=Syntel elevates Prashant Ranade as Executive Vice-Chairman | newspaper=Business Line|location=Chennai | date=5 February 2014 | first=Rajesh | last=Kurup | accessdate=11 November 2018}}</ref> and also served as the company's [[chief executive officer]] and [[President (corporate title)|president]] from February 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/2010/Feb/2/syntel-appoints-prashant-ranade-as-chief-executive-officer-and-president.html|title = Syntel Appoints Prashant Ranade as Chief Executive Officer and President|date = 2 February 2010}}</ref>

Prior to working with Syntel, Ranade held several senior leadership roles in companies like [[Siemens]], [[Rockwell Automation]], and Dematic Corp.<ref name="forbes.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120620140503/http://www.forbes.com/profile/prashant-ranade/ Forbes.com]</ref>

Since May 2019 he is an Independent Board Member- Board of Directors, of Brinker International ( NYSE: EAT )

==Early life and education==
Prashant Ranade did his schooling and college in [[Mumbai]].

He studied [[mechanical engineering]] at the [[Indian Institute of Technology]] (IIT), Bombay, in 1975.<ref name="ciol.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.ciol.com/syntel-names-prashant-ranade-ceo/ |title=Syntel names Prashant Ranade new CEO |date=4 February 2010 |website=ciol.com}}</ref> He moved to the United States in 1975 where he earned his MS in [[Control Engineering]] from the [[University of Cincinnati]] in 1977 and did his [[MBA]] in Marketing and Finance at Xavier University, USA in 1982.<ref name="uta.edu"/>

==Career==
Ranade started his career as an engineer with [[Siemens Energy Sector|Siemens Energy]] and Automation, and while working there he pursued his [[Masters in Business Administration]] from Xavier University in 1982. During his tenure, spanning 27 years, he grew in the company from being a trainee to handling leadership roles in different departments of the company like Energy and Automation, Controls and PLCs, Medical Technology and [[Logistics|Logistics Business]], culminating in his last role as the CEO of a group company with revenues over $2 billion.{{citation needed|date=January 2026}}

Ranade has been a member of Syntel's board of directors since June 2007, and was formally appointed chief executive officer and president on 2 February 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/syntel-ceo-quits-ranade-elevated-to-fill-position-110020300037_1.html|title = Syntel CEO quits, Ranade elevated to fill position|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 3 February 2010}}</ref> He was elevated to become co-chairman of Syntel on 3 November 2016.

Ranade is a member of the National Association of Corporate Directors and served as an adjunct professor at [[Grand Valley State University]], where he taught an MBA courses on [[Operations Management]], Global Competitiveness and [[Leadership]]. He is also a member of engineering and manufacturing trade groups such as [[IEEE]] and [[MAPI]], and has authored several articles on topics related to [[electromechanical]] equipment and their applications as well as leadership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=107988181&ticker=RHSC&previousCapId=106837399&previousTitle=ASI%20Technology%20Corp.|title = Stocks| date=29 May 2023 }}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
* Distinguished Alumnus, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2007<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.min.uc.edu/me/news_folder/mr-prashant-ranade-named-2007-distinguished-alumnus/ |title=Mr. Prashant Ranade named 2007 Distinguished Alumnus – Mechanical and Materials Engineering |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407121750/http://www.min.uc.edu/me/news_folder/mr-prashant-ranade-named-2007-distinguished-alumnus |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Distinguished Alumnus Award, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 2007<ref name="alumni.iitb.ac.in"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranade, Prashant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Cincinnati alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Xavier University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Imtiaz Ahmad

2026-03-09T17:16:44Z

Goandamanholidays: created a details...

{{Short description|Indian sociologist and academic}}
{{Similar names|Imtiaz Ahmed (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Imtiaz Ahmad
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| death_date =
| occupation = Sociologist, Author, Professor
| alma_mater = Lucknow University, University of Delhi, University of Chicago
| notable_works = ''Caste and Social Stratification among Muslims in India''
}}

'''Imtiaz Ahmad''' (1940-2023) was an Indian sociologist, author, and professor known for his pioneering work on caste dynamics within Indian Muslim society. He served as a professor of political sociology at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) in New Delhi for three decades.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Imtiaz Ahmad, Who Heralded a New Era of the Social Sciences in India |url=https://thewire.in/education/remembering-imtiaz-ahmad-who-heralded-a-new-era-of-the-social-sciences-in-india |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Born in [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] Ahmad completed his undergraduate and postgraduate studies at Lucknow University, earning a master's degree in social anthropology in 1960. He furthered his research at the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]] and the [[University of Chicago]], where he was a Fulbright Fellow from 1967 to 1968. During his time at Chicago, he developed the foundational ideas for his seminal work on caste among Indian Muslims.<ref name="toi1">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=Social scientist, ex-JNU prof Imtiaz Ahmad no more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/social-scientist-ex-jnu-prof-imtiaz-ahmad-no-more/articleshow/101121715.cms |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=20 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rehman |first=Shaikh Mujibur |date=2023 |title=Imtiaz Ahmad (1940–2023): Life and Contributions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27249525 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=51 |issue=5/6 (600-601) |pages=97–102 |jstor=27249525 |issn=0970-0293}}</ref>

== Career ==
Ahmad began his academic career as a senior research analyst at the Institute of Economic Growth at Delhi University in 1964. He later became a lecturer in sociology at the same institution. After a stint as a visiting professor of anthropology at the University of Missouri, USA, he joined JNU in 1972 as an associate professor in political sociology and was promoted to full professor in 1983. He retired from JNU in 2002.<ref name="toi1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=deSouza |first=Peter Ronald |date=2023-06-26 |title=Imtiaz Ahmad, a man of the times and ahead of it |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/imtiaz-ahmad-a-man-of-the-times-and-ahead-of-it/article67011202.ece |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=Imtiaz Ahmad: A scholar who challenged conventional research on Indian Muslims |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/imtiaz-ahmad-challenged-the-view-of-minority-as-monolith-8678401/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Throughout his career, Ahmad also held visiting professorships at institutions such as the University of Missouri, the Institute of Higher Studies in Paris, and York University in Canada.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news |title=Sociologist, former JNU professor Imtiaz Ahmad passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sociologist-former-jnu-professor-imtiaz-ahmad-passes-away/article66986947.ece |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=19 June 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Contributions and Works ==
Ahmad's research interests encompassed social stratification, communalism, ethnic conflicts, social movements, Islamic transformations, refugees and migrants, child rights, poverty alleviation, and development. His groundbreaking book, ''Caste and Social Stratification among Muslims in India'' (1973), challenged the prevailing notion of a monolithic Muslim community by highlighting the existence of caste-like divisions among Indian Muslims. This work opened new avenues for sociological research on Indian Muslim society.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite news |title=Ex-JNU professor and eminent sociologist Imtiaz Ahmed, known for work on caste, dies at 83 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ex-jnu-professor-and-eminent-sociologist-imtiaz-ahmed-known-for-work-on-caste-dies-at-83-8675981/ |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=21 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarangi |first=Asha |date=2023 |title=Imtiaz Ahmad: A Scholar and Teacher of All Seasons (1940–2023) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27254339 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=51 |issue=7/8 (602-603) |pages=97–102 |jstor=27254339 |issn=0970-0293}}</ref>

Other publications include ''Family, Kinship and Marriage among Muslims in India'' (1976) and ''Modernisation and Social Change among Muslims in India'' (1983), which further explored the complexities of Muslim social structures and their evolution in the Indian context.<ref name="toi1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vardhan |first=Anand |date=2023-06-21 |title=How Imtiaz Ahmad once drew Delhi high court ire over caste |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/06/21/how-imtiaz-ahmad-once-drew-delhi-high-court-ire-over-caste |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Ahmad received the Pandit Jagpal Krishna Gold Medal from Lucknow University in 1960. He was also a Senior Fellow of the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research|Indian Council of Social Sciences]], New Delhi.<ref name="thehindu" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Imtiaz}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
[[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

2017 Royal Challengers Bangalore season

2026-03-04T14:47:40Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Royal Challengers Bangalore
| season = 2017
| image =
| coach = [[Daniel Vettori]]
| captain = [[Virat Kohli]]
| ground = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| comp1 = [[Indian Premier League|League stage]]
| comp1 result = 8th
| most runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (308)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore/squad/164/Virat-Kohli/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 June 2017 |archive-date=4 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604065930/http://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore/squad/164/Virat-Kohli |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Pawan Negi]] (16)<ref name="iplt20.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore/squad/164/Virat-Kohli/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 June 2017 |archive-date=4 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604065930/http://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore/squad/164/Virat-Kohli |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| most catches =
| most dismissals =
| prevseason = [[2016 Royal Challengers Bangalore season|2016]]
| nextseason = [[2018 Royal Challengers Bangalore season|2018]]
}}

[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] is a franchise cricket team based in [[Bangalore]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]]. They are one of the eight teams which are taking part in the [[2017 Indian Premier League]]. They are captained by [[Virat Kohli]] and coached by [[Daniel Vettori]].
This was one of the most difficult seasons for RCB, as when it started their key players were injured and missed initial matches. Shane Watson took the responsibility of captaining RCB.

==Season standings==
{{2017 Indian Premier League Points table|team=RCB}}

==Auction==
The player auction for the 2017 Indian Premier League was held on 20 February in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 2017 auction to be held on February 20|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/92023/ipl-2017-auction-to-be-held-on-february-20|work=Cricbuzz|accessdate=3 February 2017}}</ref> Five players were signed by the franchise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2017-auction-full-list-players-sold-ben-stokes-pune-2353250.html|title=IPL 2017 Auction: Full list of players sold|date=20 February 2017|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2017}}</ref>
*[[Pawan Negi]]
*[[Tymal Mills]]
*[[Aniket Choudhary]]
*[[Praveen Dubey]]
*[[Billy Stanlake]]

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|11|| '''[[KL Rahul]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|4|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Occasional wicket-keeper
|-
|18|| '''[[Virat Kohli]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2008) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|23|| '''[[Mandeep Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|12|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|80|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|34|| '''[[Travis Head]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|12|29|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|36|| [[Sachin Baby]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|12|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|81|| '''[[Kedar Jadhav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1985|3|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.17|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Occasional wicket-keeper
|-
|97|| [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1997|10|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|333|| '''[[Chris Gayle]]''' || {{cr|JAM}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1979|9|21|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.4|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
| || [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|8|11|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| Replacement signing ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|15|| '''[[Pawan Negi]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|1|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|33|| '''[[Shane Watson]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1981|6|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
|84|| '''[[Stuart Binny]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|6|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|4|| [[Vishnu Vinod]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|12|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| Replacement signing ||
|-
|17|| '''[[AB de Villiers]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|2|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas/[[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"|Bowlers
|-
|3|| '''[[Yuzvendra Chahal]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|7|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|6|| '''[[Sreenath Aravind]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|4|8|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|9|| [[Aniket Choudhary]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|1|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|13|| [[Harshal Patel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|11|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2013) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|19|| [[Avesh Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1996|12|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|20|| '''[[Adam Milne]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|4|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|21|| [[Iqbal Abdulla]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|12|2|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|37|| '''[[Billy Stanlake]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|4|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|56|| '''[[Tymal Mills]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|8|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
|77|| '''[[Samuel Badree]]''' || {{cr|TRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1981|3|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|90|| '''[[Tabraiz Shamsi]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|2|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm wrist-spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
||| [[Praveen Dubey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|7|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|}

==Personnel==
The team is owned by [[Diageo]] through [[United Spirits Limited]]. [[Amrit Thomas]], acts as the director of team. Retired Indian cricketer [[Brijesh Patel]], serves as the CEO for the team. Russell Adams is the vice president for commercial operations. [[Avinash Vaidya]] is the team manager.
[[Daniel Vettori]] heads the coaching team which consists of [[Allan Donald]] (bowling coach), Trent Woodhill (batting and fielding coach), Even Speechly (physio) and [[Shankar Basu]] (strength and condition coach).

== Trivia ==
23 April was the highest total runs (263/5) in IPL by RCB (2013).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?id=117;type=trophy|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Indian Premier League {{!}} Records {{!}} Highest totals {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref> Also at the same date they scored the lowest runs (49/10) in IPL.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?id=117;type=trophy|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Indian Premier League {{!}} Records {{!}} Lowest totals {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref>

==Season==

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match1}} 5 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 207/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 172 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 62 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Stuart Binny]] 1/10 (1 over)
| runs2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 32 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Yuvraj Singh]] ([[Sunrisers Hyderabad]])
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Nigel Llong]] (England)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082591.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 35 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match5}} 8 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 69(37)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rishabh Pant]] 57(36)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Negi]] 2/3 (1 over)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Kedar Jadhav]] ([[Royal Challengers Bangalore]])
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India) and [[Virender Kumar Sharma]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082595.html Scorecard]
| result = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won by 15 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match8}} 10 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 150/2 (14.3 overs)
| score2 = 148/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hashim Amla]] 58*(38)
| wickets1 = [[Tymal Mills]] 1/22 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[AB de Villiers]] 89*(46)
| wickets2 = [[Varun Aaron]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Holkar Stadium]], [[Indore]]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Axar Patel]]([[Kings XI Punjab]])
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[C Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082598.html Scorecard]
| result = [[Kings XI Punjab]] won by 8 wickets
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match12}} 14 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 142/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 145/6 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 62(47)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 70(47)
| wickets2 = [[Samuel Badree]] 4/9 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = [[Mumbai Indians]] won the toss and elected to field
| motm = [[Kieron Pollard]] ([[Mumbai Indians]])
| umpires =[[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[KN Ananthapadmanabhan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082602.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Samuel Badree]] ([[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]) took a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]].<ref name="Badree">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1092128.html |title=Pollard fifty overcomes Badree hat-trick |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=14 April 2017}}</ref>
| result = [[Mumbai Indians]] won by 4 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match17}} 16 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 134/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB De Villiers]] 29(30)
| wickets1 = [[Ben Stokes]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 31(23)
| wickets2 =[[Adam Milne]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to field
| motm = [[Ben Stokes]] ([[Rising Pune Supergiant]])
| umpires = [[KN Ananthapadmanabhan]] (India) and [[C Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082607.html Scorecard]
| result = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] won by 27 runs.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match20}} 18 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 213/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 192/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 77 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Basil Thampi]] 1/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 72 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India) and [[Virender Sharma]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082610.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 21 runs
| notes = [[Chris Gayle]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore) became the first player to score 10,000 runs in T20s.<ref name="Gayle">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1093167.html |title=A giant in the T20 format |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref>
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match27}} 23 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | daynight = yes
| score1 =131 (19.3 overs)
| score2 =49 (9.4 overs)
| runs1 =[[Sunil Narine]] 34(17)
| wickets1 =[[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/16(4 overs)
| runs2 =[[Kedar Jadhav]] 9(7)
| wickets2 =[[Chris Woakes]] 3/6(2 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss =Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field
| motm =Nathan Coulter-Nile (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires =Chris Gaffaney, O Nandan, Nitin Menon, K Srinivasan
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082617.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders win by 82 runs
| notes = Royal Challengers Bangalore's total score is the lowest in the history of IPL.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match29}} 25 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | daynight = yes
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = No toss.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (South Africa) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082619.html Scorecard]
| result = Match abandoned without a ball bowled
| rain = No play was possible due to rain.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match31}} 27 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 134 (20 overs)
| score2 = 135/3 (13.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Pawan Negi]] 32 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Andrew Tye]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aaron Finch]] 72 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Samuel Badree]] 2/29 (3 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andrew Tye]] (Gujarat Lions)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082621.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Lions won by 7 wickets
| notes = [[Ankit Soni]] (Gujarat Lions) made his T20 debut.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match34}} 29 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Rising Pune Supergiant]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 157/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 96/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 45 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Stuart Binny]] 1/17 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 55 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Tahir]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Lockie Ferguson]] (Rising Pune Supergiant)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (India) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (South Africa)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082624.html Scorecard]
| result = Rising Pune Supergiant won by 61 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match38}} 1 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 165/5 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 43 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 3/34 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 56 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Negi]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Royal Challenges Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (New Zealand)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082628.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 wickets
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match43}} 5 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 138/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Axar Patel]] 38[[not out|*]] (17)
| wickets1 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mandeep Singh]] 46 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Axar Patel]] 3/11 (3 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challenges Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Sandeep Sharma]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (New Zealand) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082633.html Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 19 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack = y | date = {{anchor|match46}} 7 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 158/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/4 (15.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Travis Head]] 75[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunil Narine]] 54 (17)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Negi]] 2/21 (3.1 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Sunil Narine]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082636.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets
| notes = yes
| notesx =
*''[[Chris Gayle]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore) played in his 100th IPL match.<ref name="Match46">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1096624.html |title=Narine demolishes RCB with fastest IPL fifty |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=7 May 2017}}</ref>''
*''[[Sunil Narine]] (Kolkata Knight Riders) made the fastest ever fifty in the IPL (15 balls).<ref name="Match46"/>''
*''[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] recorded the highest team total in the powerplay (105-0).<ref name="Match46"/>''
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |date = {{anchor|match56}} 14 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 161/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 151 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 58 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Pat Cummins]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rishabh Pant]] 45 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Negi]] 3/10 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Harshal Patel]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082646.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 10 runs
| notes = [[Avesh Khan]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore) made his T20 debut.
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.royalchallengers.com}}

{{Royal Challengers Bangalore}}

[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru seasons]]
[[Category:2010s in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2017 Indian Premier League]]

Geetha (1981 film)

2026-03-03T22:13:52Z

Goandamanholidays: refine information per sources and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Geetha (1981 film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Shankar Nag]]
| producer = N. Bhakthavatsalan, A. N. Murthy
| story = {{plainlist|
*[[Arundathi Nag]]
*Shankar Nag
}}
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
*Arundathi Nag
*Shankar Nag
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Shankar Nag
*[[Padmavati Rao|Akshatha Rao]]
}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[B. C. Gowrishankar]]
| editing = P. Bhakthavathsalam
| studio = Pushpa Production
| distributor = {{plainlist|
*Padmashri Pictures
*Kushtagi Films
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1981}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Geetha''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಗೀತಾ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by and starring [[Shankar Nag]] in lead, alongside [[Padmavati Rao|Akshatha Rao]] in title role.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Sheila |date=23 September 2016 |title=Living the dream: Bengaluru-based Padmavathi Rao is turning in a series of sensitive performances |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/living-dream-bengaluru-based-padmavathi-rao-turning-series-sensitive-performances-50305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925015656/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/living-dream-bengaluru-based-padmavathi-rao-turning-series-sensitive-performances-50305 |archive-date=25 September 2016 |access-date=16 April 2017 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The supporting cast features [[K. S. Ashwath]], [[Ramesh Bhat]] and Gayathri. [[Ilaiyaraaja]] composed the soundtrack and the background score for the film that and was declared a blockbuster musical hit. He went on to re-use four songs from the movie in five different films later. The track "Santhoshakke" from the film became widely popular in [[Karnataka]] and is still performed for in concerts and other events.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 2012 |title=Vasundhara rocks Kudla fans |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/vasundhara-rocks-kudla-fans/article2807321.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230912095204/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/vasundhara-rocks-kudla-fans/article13369094.ece |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=24 November 2014 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The characterization of the lead actress from [[Mani Ratnam]] 's 1989 Telugu movie ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' was reported to have been partially borrowed from this movie – the chirpy attitude with which the eponymous lead speaks and behaves – and also bore a great resemblance in terms of closure of the movie – where she breathes her last due to cancer in the climax.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2021 |title=Finding the Roots of Mani Ratnam's Geethanjali |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/geethanjali-movie-telugu-mani-ratnam-nagarjuna-ilayaraaja-finding-the-roots-of-mani-ratnams-geethanjali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009180305/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/geethanjali-movie-telugu-mani-ratnam-nagarjuna-ilayaraaja-finding-the-roots-of-mani-ratnams-geethanjali/ |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>
== Plot ==
Geetha ([[Padmavati Rao|Akshatha Rao]]) is a college-going student, who has co-organised a [[Benefit concert|charity concert]] in her college. Sanjay ([[Shankar Nag]]), a singer, performs at the show singing the track "Santhoshakke". Floored by his performance and good looks, she pursues him. A university champion in [[badminton]], she invites him to her club to play, with an intention to get closer to him and succeeds. However, Geetha has an illness, the symptoms of which is seen in her holding her neck tight and screaming. Her father Srinivas ([[K. S. Ashwath]]) has a heart ailment. Following another of Sanjay's concert, she confesses her love to him. He, however fails to remember her every time, and eventually, falls in love with her.

Upon diagnosis, it is revealed to Geetha's mother, Dr. Mukta ([[Sowcar Janaki]]) that she has [[blood cancer]], which is not revealed to her father and her. Eager to learn to drive a car, Geetha pesters Sanjay to teach her to drive. Sanjay flusters every time she asks him, and finally reveals to her about his ex-girlfriend Sunanda, who succumbed as a [[Brake fade|brake-failed]] vehicle she was driving exploded. Deciding to get married, Sanjay speaks to Geetha's mother, and she reveals to him of the latter's illness. The illness takes a toll on Geetha's eyes and she loses her eyesight among other visible bodily wounds.
Sanjay, with the help of Dr. Rudrappa (Lohithashwa) gets an [[Interferon]] drug, an alleged cure of cancer, imported from [[California]]. He collects it from the airport but Geetha breathes her last by the time he arrives at her house with the drug.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shankar Nag]] as Sanjay
* [[Padmavati Rao|Akshatha Rao]] as Geetha
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Srinivas
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Mukta
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Satish
* [[Gayatri (actress)|Gayatri]] as Sunanda
* Shyamala
* [[Shivaram]] as Linganna
* [[Mandeep Roy]] as Hanumantha
* [[Tiger Prabhakar]] as an astrologer
* [[Lohithaswa]] as Doctor Rudrappa
* Hanumanthachar
* [[Kunigal Ramanath]]
* Sunali (credited as Baby Sunali)
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Geetha
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 1981
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:47
| label = Sangeetha Music
| producer =
| prev_title = Chinnari Chitti Babu
| prev_year = 1981
| next_title = [[Janma Janmada Anubandha]]
| next_year = 1981
}}

[[Ilaiyaraaja]] composed the background score for the film and the soundtrack, lyrics for which was written by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geetha (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/geetha-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1802684282 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251216055632/https://music.apple.com/us/album/geetha-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1802684282 |archive-date=16 Dec 2025 |access-date=16 Dec 2025 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> Ilaiyaraaja later adapted the track "Jotheyali" as "Vizhiyile Mani" for the Tamil film ''[[Nooravathu Naal]]'' and as "Jaane Do Na" for the 2007 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Cheeni Kum]]''.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1194461560149889024 |user=NFAIOfficial |title=#Remake#Ilaiyaraaja used the similar tune of his melodious song "Jotheyali" (Geetha, Kannada,1981) for the songs "Vizhiyile Mani" (Nooravathunaal, Tamil, 1984) & "Jaane Do Na" (Cheeni Kum, Hindi, 2007).Enjoy these different versions:@shreyaghoshal #SPBalasubrahmanyam #SJanaki |author=NFAI |author-link=National Film Archive of India |date=13 November 2019 |access-date=16 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921094041/https://twitter.com/NFAIOfficial/status/1194461560149889024 |archive-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> "Nanna Jeeva" was adapted as "Devan Thandha Veenai" for ''[[Unnai Naan Santhithen]]''. "Kelade" was adapted as "Devathai Ilam Devi" for ''[[Aayiram Nilave Vaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2020 |title=பாடலுக்கு மொழி இருக்கிறதா..? |url=https://minnambalam.com/2020/08/01/10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101075518/https://minnambalam.com/2020/08/01/10 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=Minnambalam |language=ta}}</ref> The song "Santhoshakke" was adapted as "Adichikko Site Adichikko [Othamal Oru Nalum]" for the film ''[[Kairasikkaran]]''.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:47
| title1 = Geetha
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:11
| title2 = Santhoshakke
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 = 4:16
| title3 = Kelade Nimageega
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 5:11
| title4 = Yene Kelu
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length4 = 4:36
| title5 = Nanna Jeeva
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length5 = 4:10
| title6 = Jotheyali
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length6 = 4:23
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Shankar Nag}}
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:1981 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shankar Nag]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Nalla

2026-03-03T21:45:15Z

Goandamanholidays: adjusted page for consistency and improved wording

{{short description|2004 film directed by V. Nagendra Prasad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nalla
| image = Nalla Kannada Movie.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| producer = Kavya Shreyas Spurthy
| writer = V. Nagendra Prasad
| story =
| screenplay =
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sudeep]]|[[Sangeetha (actress)|Sangeetha]]}}
| music = Venkat Narayan
| cinematography = R. Giri
| editing = Rajashekar Reddy
| studio = Sri Bhuvaneshwari Chithra
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|11|12}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| runtime =
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Nalla''''' is a 2004 [[Kannada]]-language [[romance-drama film]] directed by [[V. Nagendra Prasad]] in his directorial debut featuring [[Sudeep]] and [[Sangeetha (actress)|Sangeetha]] in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Venkat Narayan. The film released on 12 November 2004. This movie was dubbed in Hindi as ''Aur Ek Diljala''.

The core plot of the movie is loosely based on the 1982 Tamil movie ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' which itself was heavily inspired by [[Charlie Chaplin]]'s ''[[City Lights]]''.

== Plot ==
Pachchi alias Prashant (Sudeep) finds a girl, Preethi (Sangeetha), who has lost her memory, in a car. Prashant falls in love with her. He takes care of her and admits her to a hospital.
When in the hospital, her father finds her and takes her home. He thanks him and gives a driver's job.

Preethi regains her memory and starts looking for Prashant. One day Preethi meets with an accident and is taken to the hospital.
Prashant reveals himself and saves her.

==Cast==
* [[Sudeep]] as Prashanth "Pachhi"
* [[Sangeetha (actress)|Sangeetha]] as Preethi / Chinnu
* [[Mumtaj]] as Madhu
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Preethi's father
* [[Naveen Mayur]] as Srikanth
* [[Bullet Prakash]] as Paachi's friend
* Dharma as gangster
* Harish Rai as gangster
* Lakshman as Police Inspector
* Ramesh Pandith as Police Inspector
* [[Bank Janardhan]] as Madhu's father
* Apoorva
* [[Chitra Shenoy]]
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Dr Sarala Desai

==Production==
The film is produced by producer KCN Gowda's three grandchildren.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_nalla.asp|title= Nalla - new film of Sudeep launched|work=Viggy|date=2004}}</ref> The film was shot for fifteen days in Chennai, including the climax scene shot at [[AVM Studios]], and Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13524086|title='Nalla' nearing completion|first=Chitra|last=Prakash|date=17 July 2004|work=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050409174349/http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13524086
|archive-date=9 April 2005|access-date=18 August 2024|via=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_nalla02.asp|title=Nalla in full swing...|work=Viggy|date=2004}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Venkat Narayan and lyrics by [[V. Nagendra Prasad]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Nalla
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Venkat Narayan
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|zSrw7PFSQnA|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nijana Nijana
| extra1 = [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Lakshmi Nataraj]]
| title2 = Macha Dove Hodiyod
| extra2 = Sudeep
| title3 = Malage Malage Gubbimari
| extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| title4 = Huchchu Prithi
| extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]]
| title5 = Mallige Mallige
| extra5 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathi]]
| title6 = Gap Chup
| extra6 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| title7 = Huduga Elli Neenu
| extra7 = [[Nanditha]]
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "This is a well made film to suit the image of Sudeep".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nalla-review-kannada-pclvCXgehfefe.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504070422/https://www.sify.com/movies/nalla-review-kannada-pclvCXgehfefe.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2022|title=Nalla|work=[[Sify]]|date=17 November 2004}}</ref> Film critic [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "''Nalla'' is a welcome relief for filmgoers looking for clean films".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/1847/kannada/nalla/362/review.htm | title=Nalla Review | work = [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] | via = Nowrunning | date=18 November 2004 | first = R. G. |last= Vijayasarathy | author-link = R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> SND of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "The story reminds us of Moonram Pirai and other successful Tamil films.
The new formula for Kannada film makers seem to be: Take ideas from some successful films, remix them, write your own story, and make it appear new".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov142004/mr7.asp|date=14 November 2004|last=GBU|title=Nalla|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041213232330/http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov142004/mr7.asp|archive-date=13 December 2004}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2959626|Nalla}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Nagendra Prasad]]

Bandra Kurla Complex metro station

2026-02-26T05:05:27Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Aqua Line terminal metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{white|Bandra–Kurla Complex}}
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|वांद्रे–कुर्ला कॉम्प्लेक्स}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Aqua
| other_name = BKC metro station
| image = BKC Metro Station Concourse.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption = Concourse level of the Metro Station
| address = F Block Bandra Kurla Complex, Sant Dnyaneshwar Nagar, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400051
| coordinates = {{coord|19.0606629|N|72.8546797|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|3|croute}}
| structure = Underground
| platform = 2 [[island platforms]]
| owned = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 3.png|12px|link=Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)]] Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
| operator = {{rint|delhi|m}} [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=DMRC wins contract to operate Mumbai Metro's Line 3: Officials |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/dmrc-wins-contract-to-operate-mumbai-metros-line-3-officials/99462230 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| depth =
| tracks = 3
| connections = {{rint|mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|2B|xroute}} at {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Income Tax Office}} ''(Under–construction)''
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2024|10|5|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| accessible = {{URL|1=https://mmrcl.com/station/BDRM|2=Yes}}
| status = Staffed, Operational
| code = BDRM
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=3|left=Dharavi|right=Bandra Colony}}
| route_map = {{MM Aqua Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|aqua}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Bandra–Kurla Complex''' (officially known as '''[[Kotak Mahindra Bank|KOTAK]] - Bandra–Kurla Complex''') is an underground metro station serving the business district of [[Bandra Kurla Complex]] on the North-South corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line 3]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India.

This metro station was inaugurated on October 5, 2024, by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], followed by the commencement of the metro service from October 7, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 Opens: Check Stations, Route, Fare, Timings And More |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/nation/mumbai-metro-line-3-opens-for-public-route-fare-timings-and-more |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro-3 Second Phase On Track: Aarey-BKC Services Begin, Link To Cuffe Parade May Be Ready by 2025 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mumbai-metro-3-second-phase-on-track-aarey-bkc-services-begin-bkc-to-cuffe-parade-link-may-be-ready-by-2025-9076938.html |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro route 'line 3' opens for public today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbais-first-underground-metro-route-line-3-to-open-for-public-from-today/articleshow/114001694.cms |access-date=6 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro line from Aarey to BKC now open for public – Check stations, timings, fares for Mumbai Metro Line 3 here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-mumbais-first-underground-metro-line-from-aarey-to-bkc-to-open-for-public-today-check-stations-timings-fares-for-mumbai-metro-line-3-here-3632350/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{Routemap
| title = KOTAK Bandra Kurla Complex track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|aqua}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map =
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P3''' to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}}
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P2A/2B''' to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}}
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P1''' to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dharavi}}
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with three tracks, two island platforms</div>
}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''L1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Fare control, station agent, ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=5 valign=top|'''L2 Platforms'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=100 height=45|'''Platform 3'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|Aqua Line|R}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}}) →
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=100 height=45|'''Platform 2B''' '''Platform 2A'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width="500" |Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|Aqua Line|R}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Bandra Colony}}) →
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" | ← Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|l}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dharavi}})
|-

|}

==Entry/exit==
[[File:Metro Line 3 BKC Stn.jpg|thumb|alt=Mumbai Metro Line 3, Bandra Kurla Complex Station, Schematic Layout|Mumbai Metro Line 3, Bandra Kurla Complex Station, schematic layout]]
*'''A1''' - Bandra Kurla Complex 'E' Block, [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]]<ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Bandra - Kurla Complex Station Details |url=https://mmrcl.com/station/BDRM |website=MMRCL |access-date=15 May 2025}}</ref>
*'''A2''' - [[List of neighbourhoods in Mumbai#Bandra|Bharat Nagar]], [[Asian Heart Institute]]<ref name=map/>
*'''A3''' - ITO Junction, [[Kalanagar|Kala Nagar]] {{access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>
*'''A4''' - ITO Junction, Family Court {{access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>
*'''A5''' - Bandra Kurla Complex 'E' Block, [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]<ref name=map/>
*'''B1''' - Sant Dhyaneshwar Nagar, Office of District Collector, Mumbai Suburban {{access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>

==Impact==
The Bandra Kurla Complex metro station, as part of Mumbai Metro Aqua Line 3, has had a significant impact on the surrounding real estate markets. According to ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune India]]'', rents along the newly operational “BKC–Worli” corridor, rose by up to 2.37% within one month of opening—[[Mahim]] at 2.37%, [[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]] at 1.78%, [[Dadar]] at 1.47%, [[Worli]] at 1.32% and [[Prabhadevi]] at 1.06%. Rents in Santacruz increased by 2.15%, while [[Bandra Kurla Complex|BKC]] itself rose by 1.78% in the same period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Metro expansion fuels rent hikes near BKC‑Worli |website=Fortune India |date=18 June 2025 |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/business-news/mumbai-metro-expansion-fuels-rent-hikes-near-bkc-worli/124009 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref>

A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' analysis highlights that connecting BKC and Worli, two of India’s most expensive real estate hubs, via Metro Aqua Line 3 (Phase 2) is expected to spur further growth in South and Central Mumbai property values. Per-square-foot apartment rates currently range from ₹45,000 to ₹160,000, driven by the metro connectivity and urban redevelopment expert opinion.<ref name="HT Expensive">{{cite web |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 to connect BKC and Worli, boosting India’s most expensive real estate markets |website=Hindustan Times |date=20 March 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/real-estate/mumbai-metro-line-3-to-connect-bkc-and-worli-boosting-india-s-most-expensive-real-estate-markets-101742272550350.html |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref> The same report noted that while ultra-high-net-worth individuals may prefer the Coastal Road, the metro line will benefit middle-tier professionals and fuel redevelopment projects in areas such as Worli, Dadar, and Mahim.<ref name="HT services begin">{{cite web |title=Mumbai Metro Line‑3 services from BKC to Worli begin |website=Hindustan Times |date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-metro-3-services-from-bkc-to-worli-begin-101746857868241.html |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref>

Experts from Colliers India anticipate a 10–15% rise in both residential and commercial property values along the metro corridor over the next few years, including areas like [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]], [[Andheri East]], [[Prabhadevi]], [[Chembur]], [[Kurla]], and Dadar.<ref name="HT services begin"/>

Commercial real estate analysts, including Knight Frank, expect increased leasing demand in older business districts like [[Nariman Point]], with office space rentals potentially doubling by 2030, driven in part by Metro Line 3 and related transit infrastructure. <ref name="HT Expensive"/>

==See also==
*[[Mumbai]]
*[[Transport in Mumbai]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[Urban rail transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://mmrcl.com/en/ Official site of Mumbai Metro]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net UrbanRail.Net] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations

{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 3=yes}}

[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bandra]]

Convent of Jesus and Mary, Mussoorie

2026-02-22T18:54:48Z

Goandamanholidays: Starting Basic Data Added Tags...

{{Short description|Boarding school in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=October 2016}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Convent of Jesus and Mary
| image = CJM Waverley Mussoorie.jpg
| location = Waverley, [[Mussoorie]] [[India]]
| schooltype = [[Boarding school]]
| head_label = Current Principal
| head = Sr.Shyma Jose (Since 2020)
| founded = {{start date and age|1845}}
| founder = [[Religious of Jesus and Mary]]
| gender = Girls
| lower_age = 6
| upper_age = 18
| houses = 4
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| free_label = Former pupils
| free_text = Waverlites
| enrollment = 600
| website = {{URL|http://www.cjmwaverley.org}}
}}

'''Convent of Jesus and Mary''', popularly known as CJM Waverley, is a boarding school in [[Mussoorie]], India. It was founded in 1845 by the [[Religious of Jesus and Mary]], Mussoorie Education Society. It is a residential school for girls and is the oldest girls-only boarding school in the country. CJM Waverley is recognized by the Government of Uttarakhand and is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).

==History==
Convent of Jesus and Mary, Waverley, was established on 18 September 1845, by the religious of Jesus and Mary. The school is a recognized Christian Minority Institution, affiliated with the CBSE. Situated at an elevation of 6,600 feet above sea level, this all-girls residential and day school, is in the small hill station of Mussoorie, in the North Indian state of Uttarakhand.

==Houses==
The pupils attending the school have been designated Houses. All the Houses have a House Captain who is assisted by a Vice-Captain. The Houses are:

*Endurance (Yellow House)
*Endeavour (Red House)
*Encounter (Green House)
*Enterprise (Blue House)

==Curriculum and Extracurricular activities==

CJM Waverley is an English medium school affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education, with classes from Class I to Class XII. Common subjects taught are English, Hindi, Sanskrit, mathematics, science (physics, chemistry, and biology), history, civics, geography, art, craft, singing, computer education, catechism/moral formation, physical education, general knowledge, Indian dancing, and classical music. Through the courses, the social and civic duties of loyal citizens are emphasized.

===Physical education===

* Physical Training Games and Sports are compulsory activities, not the School Curriculum.

===Dance and music===

Dance is a subject in all classes. Students learn various classical and contemporary dance forms. They show their skills in various cultural programs at the school and interschool levels.

Music is an important part of the curriculum. The girls learn Hindi and English singing. They also learn a variety of Indian and Western instruments. Girls can choose an instrument they would like to learn from the various Indian and Western music instructors. The school offers lessons in instruments including sitar, harmonium, tabla, violin, guitar, piano, drums, and synthesizer. Girls get many chances to show their talent at school functions and inter-school cultural fests.

===Extra-curricular activities===
The school also has several co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. Debates, declamation, elocution, extempore, story-telling, dramatics, etc. are conducted both in the English and Hindi languages.

===Clubs===
The students of classes VI to XII are also divided into various clubs including:

*The Literary Club
*The Science Club
*The Social Service Club
*The Ecology Club

===Formation lessons===
Students are given classes for moral education.

==Notable alumni==

*[[Satya Nadella]] - Microsoft CEO
*[[Suvarna Jha]] – Model and actress
*[[Priyanka Gill]] – British fashion journalist, entrepreneur, and angel investor
*Pema Chagzoetsang – Member of the Tibetan Parliament in-exile
*Malvika Mehra - Indian advertising and design professional. Founder and former Creative Director of Tomorrow Creative Lab. Chief Creative Officer, Dentsu India.
*[[Shruti Sharma]] - Shruti Sharma is an Indian model, beauty pageant contestant and actress. She was the first runner-up and winner of Miss India World title at the 2002 Femina Miss India pageant. She represented India at the 2002 Miss World pageant held in London and made it to the semi-finals.

==See also==
* [[Convent of Jesus and Mary]]

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.cjmwaverley.org/}}

==References==
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-7/CONVENT-OF-JESUS--amp--MARY-WAVERLEY-MUSSOORIE-UTTARANCHAL-3530007 |title=Convent Of Jesus & Mary Waverley Mussoorie Uttaranchal |website=Thelearningpoint.net |date= |accessdate=2016-10-20}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/business-fest/article8913056.ece |title=Business fest – IN SCHOOL |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=2016-07-29 |accessdate=2016-10-20}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in India]]
[[Category:Girls' schools in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Mussoorie]]
[[Category:1845 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1845]]

Subrat Kumar Prusty

2026-02-16T11:15:19Z

Goandamanholidays: further corrected content as per guidelines also and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian Odia-language scholar and author (born 1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = '''[[Institute of Odia Studies and Research]]'''
| name = Subrat Kumar Prusty
| image = Subrat Prusty1.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt = Subrat Kumar Prusty during [[Odia Wikipedia]]'s 10th anniversary, Bhubaneswar
| caption = Subrat Kumar Prusty during [[Odia Wikipedia]]'s 10th anniversary, Bhubaneswar
| birth_date = 8 June 1976
| birth_place = Bidyadharpur, [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]], [[Odisha]]
| residence = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| nationality = Indian
| education = MA, LLB, PhD
| alma_mater = [[Utkal University]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
| occupation = Researcher, linguist, literary critique, and author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| module = {{infobox writer
| embed = yes
| notable_works = '' Odia Bhasara Utpatti O kramabikasha'' (2018) ''Sastriya Bhasa Odia'' (2017) ''Classical Odia in Historical Perspective'' (2015) Classical Odia(2013) ''Bhasa o jatiyata'' (2010) ''Jati, jagruti o pragati'' (2009) ''Odia Bhasa Sahitya Parichaya'' (2007) ''Prasanga: Odia Bhasa o Sahitya'' (2005)
}}
| awards = PRESIDENTIAL AWARD OF [[Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman]] −2019 For Classical Odia
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website = http://iosrodisha.in/
| footnotes =
}}

'''Subrat Kumar Prusty''' (born 1976) is an Indian [[Odia language|Odia-language]] scholar, activist, [[social entrepreneur]], [[Literary criticism|literary critic]] and author.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saraswata Pratibha Subrat Prusty|publisher=Prameya|date=16 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="prameya">{{cite news|title=Official website in Odia launched in Odisha|url=http://www.prameyanews7.com/en/nov2015/odisha/6960/Official-website-in-Odia-launched-in-Odisha-Official-website-in-OdiaOdisha-Odisha.htm|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=Prameya News7|date=22 November 2015}}</ref> He is Member Secretary of the [[Institute of Odia Studies and Research]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]].<ref name="telegraph1April2015">{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Bibhuti |date=1 April 2015 |title=Deal inked to use local language in govt work |publisher=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150401/jsp/odisha/story_11933.jsp#.VlSvOr-yjMs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125041/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150401/jsp/odisha/story_11933.jsp |archive-date=4 March 2016 |accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref> He was instrumental in preparing the research documents, advocating the awarding of Classical Language status to [[Odia language|Odia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ranasingh|first1=Ramachandi Prasad|title=Odiabhasara Shastriyata|publisher=Suryaprava p- A|date=29 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Satapathy|first1=Natabar|title=Bhasa: Shastriyata banam Odiatwa|publisher=Samaja p-11|date=1 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Odiaku Shastriya Manyata: Bhasa Committee Baithaka Aji|publisher=Sambad P 1 & 9|date=23 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph4January2014">{{cite news|last1=Barik|first1=Bibhuti|title=Proposal for Odia university|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140104/jsp/odisha/story_17748984.jsp#.VlR4tb-yjMu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107125151/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140104/jsp/odisha/story_17748984.jsp#.VlR4tb-yjMu|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2014|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=Telegraph|date=4 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Panorama Year Book 2015 Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhjqBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|pages=84–}}</ref><ref name="telegraph21feb2014">{{cite news|last1=Nair, Barik|first1=Sobhana, Bibhuti|title=Odia becomes sixth classical language – CM hails move, focuses on awareness|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140221/jsp/frontpage/story_18004148.jsp#.VlR4tb-yjMu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302233830/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140221/jsp/frontpage/story_18004148.jsp#.VlR4tb-yjMu|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2014|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=Telegraph|date=21 February 2014}}</ref> forming Central Institute of Classical Odia, [[Odia University]] and implementation of [[the Orissa Official Language Act, 1954|the Odisha Official Language Act, 1954]].<ref name="DNA">{{cite news|last1=Samal|first1=Debi Prasad|title=Poet, Ex-chief whip on indefinite hunger strike, demand enforcement of Odia Official Language Act, 1954|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140104/jsp/odisha/story_17748984.jsp#.VlRzS7-yjMt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107125151/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140104/jsp/odisha/story_17748984.jsp#.VlRzS7-yjMt|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2014|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=DNA|date=8 July 2015}}</ref> He was awarded the Presidential Certificate of Honour and [[Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman]] – 2019 for Classical Odia.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Awards the Certificate of Honour and Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman for the Year 2019 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1582056 |website=PIB}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:President Photo.jpg|thumb|The President of India inaugurating the book ''Classical Odia'']]
Dr. Subrat Kumar Prusty was born the third son of Late Rajkishore Prusty and Indumati Prusty in the village of Bidyadharpur, near [[Jajpur]] Town, the oldest capital of Odisha situated on the banks of Budha, a tributary of the Holy [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]]. After his schooling at Sudarshan Padhi High School, he chose to join N.C. College Jajpur (then affiliated with [[Utkal University]]), where he did his B.A. honours, this was followed by a master's degree in Odia language and literature with a specialization in [[linguistics]] from [[Ravenshaw University]], Cuttack. During that time, he was the publisher and editor of a monthly magazine, ''Maheswati'', which is published in Jajpur. It was here that he started writing Odia stories and poetry. As a story writer, he owns the first literary award in School period. He did his LLB from Madhusudan Law College, Cuttack.

==Social activities==
Prusty followed in his father's footsteps practicing Social Service. During his high school years, he established a library and book bank for rural pupils who were lacking the facilities to purchase books for their studies. To extend the service to a larger number of youth, he established Sangathan Viswabharatiyam and Ganatantrika Grama Samaj. The organization fought for the [[Dalit|untouchables]] and for their social rights. As a volunteer leader of Sangathan Viswa Bharatiyam, he organised relief camps and rehabilitation in the [[Tropical cyclone|super cyclone]]-hit areas of coastal Odisha from 31 October 1999 to 10 December 1999. He also participated as a front-line volunteer in the Orissa Disaster Mitigation Mission in Bhubaneswar and organised a relief camp in earthquake-hit areas of Gujarat on 31 January 2001 to 10 February 2001.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maharana|first1=Trailokyanath|title= Gujurat Bhumikampara pratyakshya Anubhuti|publisher=Pragativadi|date=29 July 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Gujurat Bhukampa Prapiditanka Prati Sahayata O Samabedana ODMM ra ek Bibarani|journal=Report of Odisha Disaster Mitigation Mission, Plot No-A/6-444, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar-16|date=17 April 2001|volume= I|issue= I}}</ref>

== Research activities ==
[[File:Subrat Prusty With Hon'ble CM of Odisha.jpg|thumb|With Hon'ble CM of Odisha Sj. Naveen Patnaik upon discussion about establishment of Odia University.]]Dr. Prusty qualified for the national eligibility test ([[National Eligibility Test|UGC-NET]]/JRF) in Odia three times and joined Utkal University as a research scholar. He submitted his PhD thesis entitled ''Social Relevance of Odia Novel'' and was awarded a PhD degree in 2014 from Utkal University. Through his research work, the Odia language has received classical status.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar |title=CLASSICAL LANGUAGE: ODIA|journal=Odisha Review|date=March 2014|volume= – LXX|issue=–8|pages=4–13|publisher=Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha|location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha|issn=0970-8669}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=ପୃଷ୍ଟି|first1=ସୁବ୍ରତ କୁମାର|title=ଓଡିଆ ଭାଷାର ପ୍ରଥମ ସହୀଦ|journal=ଊତ୍କଳ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ|volume=୯|issue=LXXXIII|pages=୪୪–୪୮|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/utkalprasanga/2017/April/Apriloriya.htm|accessdate=17 June 2017}}</ref> He studied Ancient Indian rock paintings and inscriptions in an attempt to prove that the Indian script is not related to the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]], or [[Elamite cuneiform|Elamite]] scripts but that the Indian scripts are most closely related to the cave arts which existed in primitive to modern Indian architecture, thus attempting to establish the cave arts as the forerunners of Indian scripts.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abstract|first1=ICOSAL-13|title=Origin and Development of Indian Scripts: A Positional Study|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages|location=Mysuru|page=188}}</ref>

=== Honors ===
[[File:Prusty.jpg|thumb|As a participant of the International Conference of South Asian Languages and Literatures (ICOSAL-13) at CIIL, Mysuru]] [[File:Bhasa o jatiyata book innagurate.jpg|thumb|2nd Edition of Bhasa O Jatiyata Book inaugurated by Dr DP Pattanayak, Sj BK Dhal, Prof. Basudev Sahu at Bhubaneswar Book-fair]]
* Presidential Award of [[Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman]] – 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1582056|title = President Awards the Certificate of Honour and Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman for the Year 2019}}</ref> for [[Classical Odia]]
* Sastriya Manyata Sammana – 2017
* Bhasa Sammana – 2016, Progressive layer Association, Cuttack
* Bhasa Sammana – 2016, Sabdasparsa, Bhubaneswar
* Kalinga Sahasikaa Samman – 2016, Bhubaneswar
* Panchanan jena Smruti Sammana – 2016, Bhubaneswar
* Amari Bhasa Pathe Sammana – 2016, Amari Bhasa Pathe, New Delhi
* Ama Bhasa Gourav Samman – 2015, Swetasanketa Saraswata Anusthan, Bhubaneswar
* Ama Gourav Samman – 2015, The Intellects, New Delhi
* PhD – 2014 (Utkal University)
* Odiabhasa Sastriya Manyata Sammana – 2014, Jajpur
* Swadhinata Swanakhyatra Sammana – 2013, Sambhabana, Bhubaneswar
* Jajpur Samman – 2013, Jajpur Jilla Lekhaka Sammelana, Jajpur
* Odia Mahotsaba Samman – 2012, Sambhabana, Bhubaneswar

=== Role of classical status for the Odia language ===
Prusty's research activities involve document preparation for the classical status of Odia language.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mohanty|first1=Dr. Prasanna Kumar|title=A Report on classical status of Odia Language|date=2013|publisher=Department of Culture, Govt. Of Odisha|chapter=Acknowledgement}}</ref> While the common scholarly and intellectual consensus in Odisha was that Odia script, language and literature were not more than 1000 years old, Prusty proved with sufficient evidence that not only are the Odia language and script more than 5000 years old, but [[Odia literature]] is also as old as Sanskrit literature.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|chapter=Why not Odia? |title=CLASSICAL ODIA|date=2013|publisher=KIIS Foundation, New Delhi|location=D-82, Maitri Vihar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 755001|isbn=978-81-925616-3-9|page=XXI, 33|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=Odia Bhasara Shastriyamanyata: Dabi nuhe Adhikar|journal=Utkal Prasanga|date=March 2014|volume= - LXX|issue= – 8|pages= 79–86|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/utkalprasanga/2014/mar/maroriya.htm}}</ref>

First time he read the [[rock painting]] of the [[yogimatha]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=Odia Bhasa Sahitya Parichaya |date=2007 |publisher=A.K. Mishra publishers Pvt. Ltd, Satyabhama, Roxy Lane, Badambadi, Cuttack-0, Odisha. |location=Cuttack |isbn=978-81-921347-1-0 |pages=7–8|edition=1st}}</ref> of [[Nuapada District]] of [[Odisha]], he deduced that it was an older Indian [[Writing system|script]]. The script ''{{Not a typo|Ga}}'', and ''{{Not a typo|o}}'' (''{{Not a typo|tha}}'') was discovered in the [[Yogimatha rock painting]]. The painting depicted a person with four animals and an alphabet. According to Prusty, the painting had a word like ''Gaitha'' (a common Odia word at present, {{Transliteration|or|Gotha}} or 'group' in English). The art closely was related to this alphabet.<ref>{{cite book|title=CLASSICL ODIA IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE|date=2015|publisher=Odisha Sahitya Akademi|location=Sanskruti Bhawan, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha|isbn=978-81-7586-198-5|page=34}}</ref> The alphabet has a similarity to the script of the inscriptions in [[Dhauli]] and [[Jaugada Inscription|Jaugada]] of Ashoka. He assumed it was an ancient form of Indian script and it is the first glimpse of the possible origin of the Odia language and script.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=BHASA O JATIYATA|date=2010|publisher=with finical assistance by Dept. of Culture, Govt. of Odisha|location=Bidyadharpur, Jajpur|pages=51–52|edition=1}}</ref>

Prusty proved that Kharavel's [[Hatigumpha inscription]] (40 B.C.) was the real evidence of past Odia cultural, political, ritual and social status and it is the first poetic stake inscription.<ref>{{cite book|title=CLASSICL ODIA IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE|date=2015|publisher=Odisha Sahitya Akademi {{!}}Government of Odisha|location=Sanskruti Bhawan, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha|isbn=978-81-7586-198-5|page=94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=Odia Bhasa Sahitya Parichaya |date=2007 |publisher=A.K. Mishra publishers Pvt. Ltd, Satyabhama, Roxy lane, Badambadi, Cuttack-0, Odisha. |location=Cuttack |isbn=978-81-921347-1-0 |pages=131–8|edition=1st}}</ref> Though [[Ashoka]] created many [[Edicts of Ashoka|rock edicts]] and inscriptions before [[Kharavela]], his instructions for administration were written in a rude and chocked language. On the other hand, the Hatigumpha inscriptions show the flexibility of a language in a sweet flow.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=BHASA O JATIYATA|date=2010|publisher=with finical assistance by Dept. of Culture, Govt. of Odisha|location=Bidyadharpur, Jajpur|page=22|edition=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|title=A Report on classical status of Odia Language|date=2013|publisher=Department of Culture, Govt. Of Odisha|location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha|page=90|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|chapter=Why not Odia? |title=CLASSICAL ODIA|date=2013|publisher=KIIS Foundation, New Delhi|location=D-82, Maitri Vihar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 755001|isbn=978-81-925616-3-9|page=XXI, 33|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=CLASSICL ODIA IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE|date=2015|publisher=Odisha Sahitya Akademi|location=Sanskruti Bhawan, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha|isbn=978-81-7586-198-5|page=38}}</ref>

Prusty argued some important points about classical status for the [[Odia Language]]. He also proved that Sanskrit as the source of the modern Indo-Aryan languages, Classical Odia is the source language of East India and South-East Asia's language.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|title=CLASSICAL ODIA|date=2013|publisher=KIIS Foundation, New Delhi|location=D-82, Maitri Vihar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 755001|isbn=978-81-925616-3-9|page=XXIII|edition=1st}}</ref> As Sanskrit is the most conservative and least changed of the Indo-Aryan languages, Odia is the conservative and advance updated languages as well that linguists must understand its nature and development. Unlike the other modern languages of India, Odia meets each of these requirements. It is extremely old (According to L.S.S O' Malley, as old as Latin and [[Vedic Sanskrit]]); it arose as an entirely independent tradition, with almost no influence from Sanskrit or other languages; and its ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|title=A Report on classical status of Odia Language|date=2013|publisher=Department of Culture, Govt. Of Odisha|location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha|page=33|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Debi Prasanna Pattanayak|author2=Subrat Kumar Prusty|title=CLASSICAL ODIA|date=2013|publisher=KIIS Foundation, New Delhi|location=D-82, Maitri Vihar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 755001|isbn=978-81-925616-3-9|page=15|edition=1st}}</ref>
After more than five years of deep research work without any help and guidance, Prusty published documentations which led to a political and intellectual movement for awarding [[Odia language|Odia]] the status of a Classical Language.

=== National Language Conference ===
[[File:Subrat.jpg|thumb]]
The Annual National Language Conference on Indian languages is the brainchild of Subrat Prusty. After the recognition of Odia as a classical language, The Conference was organized by the Institute of Odia Studies and Research for two days on 2 and 3 January 2014. The goal was to help create a platform to discuss language issues and support the language movement in preserving the regional heritage and culture.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharata Prathama Bhasa Sammilani udjapita |publisher=The Samaja |date=4 January 2014}}</ref> The conference was inaugurated by the Minister of Education Badrinarayana Patra and was attended by more than two hundred scholars of languages, linguistics, and humanities as well as sociologists. Dr. [[Hermann Kulke]], Professor at Kiel University, Germany, Prof. H.C. Boralingaiah, Vice-Chancellor of Kananda University, Prof. K. Rathnaiah, Vice-Chancellor of [[Dravidian University]], Dr. K. Ramasamy, Founder Director CICT were participated as guests. the seventh National Language Conference (2021) was held on 31 March – 1 April 2021 at Sri Jagannath Sanskrit University, Puri, Odisha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharata Prathama Bhasa Sammilani udjapita |publisher=The Samaja |date=4 January 2014}}</ref>

== Organisational activities ==
[[File:Sk Prusty.jpg|thumb|As part of "My Language My Right" movement, submitted a letter of demand to the Hon'ble Governor of Odisha for the preparation of all the Entrance Examination and Competitive Examination Questionnaires and the preparation of books in Odia.]] [[File:Subrat Kumar Prusty.jpg|thumb|"My Language My Right" Movement with college students at Chandrasekhara Behera Jilla School, Sambalpur]]
Early in his life as a student, Pruty created or was involved with various social service organisations. But soon after his research work, he again entered active organizational work and formed Janasammilani, Odisha.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Satapathy|first1=Prof. Natabar|title=Shastriyatapain Odia Sangharsha|journal=An International Conclave of Odia Language Souvenir-2015|date=21–22 February 2015|volume=-I|issue=- I|ref=The Intellects, New Delhi.}}</ref> His views on the eradication of poverty rests on setting up industry and that reformation in agriculture should be encouraged with related [[Putting-out system|cottage industry]], as Odisha is essentially an agricultural state. He has worked to impart Education in Odia.<ref>{{cite news|title=OAS, OJS Parikshya Odiare heba|publisher=The Samaja|date=3 December 2012}}</ref> For this purpose he began to train promising students to appear in various competitive examinations in Odia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Odia madhyamare IAS Pariksharthinku PrashikShyAna Bruti DiAjiba|publisher=The Samaja|date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Odia MAdhyamare Civil Seva ParikShyA DebAku AhwAn|issue=p-8|publisher=The Dharitri|date=8 May 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Presented a memorindum to Central Minister of Education Hon'ble Sj. Dharmendra Pradhan for imparting Engineering education in Odia.jpg|thumb|Presented a memorindum to Central Minister of Education Hon'ble Sj. Dharmendra Pradhan for imparting Engineering education in Odia]]

=== Language movement ===
In 2015, he formed the Odia Bhasa Sangram Samiti<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha Bhasa Sangram Samiti Warns Govt, Sets August 15 Deadline |url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/odisha/odisha-bhasa-sangram-samiti-warns-govt-sets-august-15-deadline/ |date=Jul 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Governance of Orissa in Oriya // Gateway to open today after heroic battle of the people |url=https://orissamatters.com/2015/11/21/governance-of-orissa-in-oriya-gateway-to-open-today-after-heroic-battle-of-the-people/ |date=November 21, 2015}}</ref> with intellectuals, academicians and politicians of Odisha to implement the Government Language Act-1954 of Odisha. Through this, the Odisha government was formed a ministerial committee. He was also a member of this committee.<ref>{{cite news |title=Governance of Orissa in Oriya // Gateway to open today after heroic battle of the people |url=https://orissamatters.com/2015/11/21/governance-of-orissa-in-oriya-gateway-to-open-today-after-heroic-battle-of-the-people/ |date=November 21, 2015}}</ref> As per the committee's decision, the Odisha government has been carrying out various development works for the Odia language since 2015. To spread and preserve history and culture of Odisha and enrich the Odia language, a proposal of this ministerial committee to this effect was approved first Heritage Cabinet meeting presided over by the CM at Puri on 26 Dec 2017 and also conducted entirely in Odia. The heritage cabinet approved 20th numbers of proposal like the culture department renamed as 'Odia Language, Literature and Culture' department, the cabinet to make provisions of punishment for not using Odia in official work, set up Odia Language Commission, world conference on Odia language will be organised every five years, fees waived for studying Odia at the graduate and post-graduate level in colleges and universities, Byasakabi Fakir Mohan scholarship for high mark in Odia at plus two and plus three levels students, number of professors in Odia departments in colleges and universities will be increased to facilitate more research in the field of Odia language and literature.<ref>{{cite web |last1=The New Indian Express |title=Odisha Government to set up Heritage Cabinet headed by Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik |date=26 December 2017 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2017/Dec/26/odisha-government-to-set-up-heritage-cabinet-headed-by-chief-minister-naveen-patnaik-1737136.html |access-date=26 Dec 2017}}</ref> It was decided that established separate Odia University and Classical chair in JNU, BHU and Gujarat for research in Odia language, literature, Culture and Heritage of Odisha.

==== ''Odia Language Teacher'' ====
This campaign has been started In 2009, he had organised a meeting with students from various universities of the state to protest against the non-appointment of Odia language teachers to teach Odia in all secondary schools in Odisha since independence. A charter of demands was submitted to the then Mass Education Minister [[Pratap Jena]] to create odia teacher posts in all schools in the state and appoint special Odia language teachers.<ref>{{cite news |title=ସ୍କୁଲରେ ଓଡିଆ ପଢେଇବ କିଏ |publisher=Sambad |date=17 November 2009 |pages=2}}</ref> After long day demands, In 2015, the state government set up a ministerial committee. As a member of the committee, Dr. Prusty raised the demand. It was approved by the state cabinet after it was accepted by the committee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Odia as Official Language |url=https://www.odia.odisha.gov.in |website=ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ଶାସନ - ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ଓ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ}}</ref>

==== ''My Language My Right'' ====
This campaign has been started to awaken the identity and self-respect of Odia among the people of Odisha. More than 70,000 people from 30 districts have joined the three-year-long campaign. The main objective of this campaign is to make people aware of their problems and their role in solving them.<ref>{{cite news |title=ସ୍ୱାଭିମାନୀ ଓଡିଆ ଓ ସ୍ୱାବଲମ୍ବୀ ଓଡିଶା ଗଠନ ପାଇଁ ଓଡିଆ ଜନଜାଗରଣ ଯାତ୍ରାର ସଂକଳ୍ପ |url=https://samajalive.in/odisha-jagaran-padajatra/273538.html |agency=ସମାଜ |date=Feb 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ଓଡିଆଭାଷାରେ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଓ ଓଡିଶାରେ ନିଯୁକ୍ତିପାଇଁ ରାଜଧାନୀରେ ଛାତ୍ର ସମାବେଶ |url=https://shasakprashasak.com/index.php/state/34988-2023-08-17-17-08-15 |agency=ଶାସକ ପ୍ରଶାସକ |date=August 17, 2023}}</ref>

==== ''Odia Biswabidyalaya Movement'' ====
[[File:Swosti meeting photo-2.jpg|thumb|Establishment of Odia University]]
''Odianess'' in Prusty evoked a spirit of establishing Odia Biswabidyalaya<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baral |first1=Chitta |title=Odia University campaign and efforts |url=https://www.orissalinks.com/archives/6935 |website=Orissalink |access-date=September 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singha |first1=Minati |title=Language varsity on the cards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/language-varsity-on-the-cards/articleshow/9177397.cms |publisher=Times of India |date=Jul 11, 2011}}</ref> ({{translation|[[Odia University]]}}).<ref>{{cite news |title=Odia Viswavidyalayapain Sankalpapatra |publisher=The Samaja |date=15 September 2015}}</ref> He prepared a private membership bill and presented it at [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] through Hon'ble member Dr. Sipra Mallick.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRIVATE MEMBERS' BUSINESS (BILLS FOR CONSIDERATION AND PASSING) |url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/pdf/lie2102.pdf |website=Odisha Assembly |publisher=Odisha Legislative Assembly Fourteenth Assembly Twelfth Session |access-date=February 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mallick |first1=Sipra |title=PRIVATE MEMBERS' BUSINESS (BILL FOR INTRODUCTION) |url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/pdf/lie161211.pdf |website=odishaassembly |publisher=Government of Odisha |access-date=December 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odia Biswabidyalaya Prusta |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/p/Odia-Biswabidyalaya-Prusta-100067843637118/}}</ref> For this purpose he started The [[Institute of Odia Studies and Research]]. His first success was when Odia was declared a Classical Language by the Government of India. The institute, which had played an important role in documenting the classical nature of the Odia language, along with the culture department, hopes to bring in other departments in the future.

==== ''CICO Movement'' ====
[[File:IOSR Office.jpg|thumb|Noted international scholar Professor Herman Kulke (Padmashree) at IOSR Office]] [[File:IOSR EXCUTUTIVE MEETING.jpg|thumb|Meeting with organising committee members about the proposed Odia University and CICO at IOSR Office, Bhubaneswar]]
After helping the Odia language to receive classical status, Prusty's one-point mission is now to found an Odia-language university to create a body of knowledge and research in Odia and to develop the Odia language as a lingua franca like that of [[Pali|Palli]] or [[Sanskrit]] in ancient India and English in modern times.

==== ''Education in Odia: Employment in Odisha'' ====
This program has been started for 10 lakhs youth studying in Odia medium. As many as 600 colleges and 1,027 schools from 30 districts have joined the 12-year-long campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kendrapadaରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଜାଗରଣ ଯାତ୍ରା ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ | date=11 April 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y14R8VQjjdQ |publisher=News18 Odia |access-date=Apr 11, 2022}}</ref> They are being informed about the kind of facilities provided by the Odisha government if they study in Odia and how they can become doctors, engineers, IAS. The main objective of this program is to work for the meritorious students of Odisha and utilize their knowledge in the development of Odisha. He was also giving free coaching to poor slum students through Odia Pathshala to crack various competitive exams.<ref>{{cite web |title=ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ପଢିବା ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଗଢିବାର"ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ନେଇ ଓଡିଆ ଜାଗରଣ ଯାତ୍ରା ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMy2kss1IO8 |website=pratirodhanews | date=June 2022 |access-date=Jun 1, 2022}}</ref>

== Selected works ==

=== Research and literary criticism books ===
* ''Shastriyata: Eka Sangharsha'' {{ISBN|978-93-48078-18-6}} (2025)
* ''Shastriya Bhasa Odia'' {{ISBN|978-93-48078-95-7}} (2025)
* ''Odia Bhasa Ra Utpati O Krama Bikasa'' {{ISBN|978-93-48078-60-5}} (2025)
* ''Kalingatuparani: Katha nuhe Byatha'' {{ISBN|978-93-91638-73-3}} (2023)
* ''Shastriyatara Shesa Swakshyara: Bhima Bhoi ''{{ISBN|978-93-91638-54-2}} (2023)
* ''Bhasa Bhumi o Atma parichiti ''{{ISBN|978-93-91638-12-2}} (2021)
* ''Jatiya Sikshyaniti −2020 O Odisha Sikshya Byabasthare Paribrttan ''{{ISBN|978-93-91638-03-0}} (2021)
* ''Shastriyata: Ek Sangharsha'' {{ISBN|978-81-933604-7-7}} (2021)
* ''Odia Jaga'' (2021)
* ''Kahibar Nohe se Kataka Chatakaku'' (2018)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=kahibar nohen se kataka chatakaku|date=2018|publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research|isbn=978-81-933604-4-6|edition=1st|location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha}}</ref>
* ''Odia Bhasara Utpatti O kramabikasha'' (2018)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=Odia Bhasara Utpatti o Kramabikash|date=2018|publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research|isbn=978-81-933604-6-0|edition=1st|location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha}}</ref>
* ''Sastriya Bhasa Odia'' (2017)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusty |first1=Subrat Kumar |title=Sastriya Bhasa Odia |date=2017 |publisher=Institute of Odia Studies and Research |location=BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha |edition=1st}}</ref>
* ''Odia Padya Sahitya Parichya'' (2017)
* ''Classical Odia in Historical Perspective'' (2014) (co-authored with [[Debi Prasanna Pattanayak]])
* ''Classical Odia'' (2013) (co-authored with Debi Prasanna Pattanayak)
* ''Bhasa o jatiyata'' (2010), can be found also in Odia Wikisource – [[:or:ସୂଚୀ:Bhasa o Jatiyata.pdf|ଭାଷା ଓ ଜାତୀୟତା]]
* ''Jati, jagruti o pragati'' (2009), can be found also in Odia Wikisource – [[:or:ସୂଚୀ:Jati, Jagruti o Pragati.pdf|ଜାତି ଜାଗୃତି ଓ ପ୍ରଗତି]]
* ''Odia Bhasa Sahitya Parichaya'' (2007)
* ''Prabandha Bharati'' (2005)
* ''Prasanga: Odia Bhasa o Sahitya''{{ISBN|978-81-921406-0-5}}(2005)

=== Short stories ===
* ''Swapna Sabu Marigala Pare'' (2005)

=== Plays ===
* ''Mukti'' (2005)

=== University textbooks ===
* ''Prak Sarala Sahityara Prusthabhumi''<ref>{{cite web |title=Prak Sarala Sahityara Prusthabhumi |url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slm-maod-01-block-01-unit-01.html |publisher=Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur}}</ref>
* ''Silalekha Sahitya''<ref>{{cite web |title=Silalekha Sahitya |url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slm-maod-01-block-02-unit-01.html |publisher=Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur}}</ref>
* ''Prak Sarala Sahitya''<ref>{{cite web |title=Prak Sarala Sahitya |url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slm-%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95-%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BE-%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F..html |publisher=Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur}}</ref>
* ''Prak Sarala Sahityara Bhasatatwika Adhyayan''<ref>{{cite web |title=Prak Sarala Sahityara Bhasatatwika Adhyayan |url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slm-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95-%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8.html |publisher=Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur}}</ref>
* ''Prak Sarala Sahityara Mulyankana''<ref>{{cite book |title=Prak Sarala Sahityara Mulyankana |isbn=978-81-942896-0-9}}</ref>
* ''Sarala Sahityara Mulyankana'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-1-6}})
* ''Panchasakha Sahityara Mulyankana'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-2-3}})
* ''Bisesha Adhyana (Panchasakha'') ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-3-0}})
* ''Madhya Jugiya Odia Sahityara Prusthabhumi'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-5-4}})
* ''Madhya Jugiya Odia Sahityara Angika Bichar'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-6-1}})
* ''Madhya Jugiya Odia Sahityara Atmika Bibhaba'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-7-8}})
* ''Madhya Jugiya Odia Sahityara Giti Parampara'' ({{ISBN|978-81-942896-8-5}})

=== Book Editing ===
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol I, {{ISBN|978-81-933604-0-8}} (2016)
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol II, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-0-9}} (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783449 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol III, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-5-4}} (2020)
* "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" Vol IV, {{ISBN|978-81-942780-3-0}} (2020)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Language, Literature & Integrity |first1=(Volume: IV) |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783237 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>

=== Journals ===
* "Odia Bhasara Shastriya Manyata", published in ''Esana'', the journal of the Institute of Oriya Studies, Vol. 59, Issue-II, Dec-2009.
* "Odia Upanyasara Samajika Prasangikata", published in ''Bartika'', the journal of the Saraswata Sahitya Sanskrutika Parisad, Vol. 17, No-4, December-2010, pp. 707–712.
* "Tirjyak Sailire Bhaba Sampada", published in ''Esana Prabandhabali,'' the journal of the Institute of Oriya Studies, Vol. 24, 1st Publication-2005, PP- 185–192.
* "Galpa Srustire Naba Swakshyara", published in ''Esana Prabandhabali'', the journal of the Institute of Oriya Studies, Vol. 25, 1st Publication-2006, PP- 191–202.
* "Bhasara Shastriya Manyata O Odia Bhasa", published in ''Konark'', a quarterly literary journal, published by Orissa Sahitya Akademi, Bhubaneswar-14, Vol. 157, May–June–July 2010, pp. 41–59.
* "Odia Sanskrutaru Srusti ki?", published in ''Sambhabana'', a monthly literary journal, Vol-13, No-9, April 2013, pp-15-20.
* "Odia Bhasara Shastriya Manyata pariprekshire Lekhakara Bhumika", published in the literary journal ''Sambhabana'', Vol-14, No-3, Oct 2013.
* "Odia o Sanskrit", published in ''Sambhabana'', a monthly literary journal, Vol-14, No-1, June 2013.
* "Kahibar Nuhen Se Kataka Chhatakaku...", published in ''Abarta'', a monthly literary journal, Vol-31, No-10, October 2014, pp. 59– 63.
* "Odia Bhasara Shastriya Manyata O Eha Parabarti Karjya", published in ''Agamee Satabdi'', Vol-16, No-45, Oct–13 Nov.
* "Odia Bhasar Sastriya Manyata; Dabi nuhen Adhikar", published in ''Utkal Prasanga'', Information & Public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol 70, No 8, March 2014, pp. 79–86.
* "Classical Language: Odia", published in ''Odisha Review'', Information & Public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol-70, No- 8, March-2014, pp 4– 13, {{ISSN|0970-8669}}.
* "Odia Bhasar Sastriya Manyata pare....", published in ''Utkal Prasanga'', Information & Public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol-71, No- 1, August-2014, PP-25-30.
* "Odishara Prachina Samarakala O Paika Sanskruti", published in ''Sambhabana'' literary journal, Vol-16, No-3, October 2015.
* "Odishara Noubanijya", published in ''Utkal Prasanga'', Information & public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol-70, No- 8, November-2015, PP-79-86.
* "Prachina Bharatiya Bhasa pariprekshire Odia Bhasa", published in ''Dhisana'' research journal, Vol-1, No-3, Oct–15 Dec, PP- 43–66.
* "Odia Bhsara Prathama Sahid", published in ''Utkal Prasanga'', Information & Public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol 73, No. 9, April-2017, PP-44-48.
* "Odia Bhasa: Prachinata O Adhunikata" ''Devabhumi'', published Viswa Sambad Kendra, 9th edition, 2017.
* "Shastriya Odiar Swapna O Sambhana", published Sahityayan, Edition 1, 2017, PP- 137–152.
* "Odia Bhasa Andolan O Ekabinsa Satabdire Ehar Ruparekha", published ''Urbi'', Vol-VI, No-1, 2019, PP- 264–279.
* "Odia Bhasa Charcha banam Arjya Pralepa", published ''Urbi'', Vol-VII, No-1, 2020, PP- 259–271.
* "Odia Sabda O Lipira moulikata Banam Dravida Manasikata", published ''Jhankar'', Volume 73, Issue 3, June 2021, PP- 246–254.

=== Research papers ===

* "Samajika Prasangikata O Odia Upanyasa", published in ''Esana'', the journal of the Institute of Oriya Studies, Vol. 61, December-2010, PP- 21–39.
* "Evolution of Odia Language, its Struggle for Existence & Excellence", published in ''Odisha Review'', Information & Public Relations Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-1. Vol-LXXII, No- 9, April-202016, pp 20– 23, {{ISSN|0970-8669}}.
* "WHY NOT ODIA", published in National Conference Organised by sri Jagannath Seva Samiti, Kolkata. Issue No:9, July-2014, pp 20– 24.
* "Prakruta, Sanskruta, Pali O Odia Bhasa", published in Souvenir of 2nd National Language Conference-2015 at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Dt. 30 March- 2 April 2015, pp-38-42.
* "Foreign Trade and Colonisation of Ancient Odisha", published in "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" (Vol-II), pp-55-70, Proceedings of 3rd National Language Conference −2016 on the 25th – 28 March 2016, IIT Bhubaneswar, Odisha.<ref>{{cite web |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783449 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>
* "Jhoti-Chita-Muruja: The Therapeutic Art forms as a Cultural Practice in the Kaleidoscope of Linguistics Landscape of Odisha", co-author with Dr. Biswanandan Dash, Ms Sikha Nayak. International Conference on Linguistics Landscaping Department of Linguistics, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 21–23 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jhoti-Chita-Muruja: The Therapeutic Art forms as a Cultural Practice in the Kaleidoscope of Linguistics Landscape of Odisha |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316280833 |website=researchgate}}</ref>
* "Adhunik Kalara Odia Bhasa Andolan o Dakshina Odisha", published in Book of Abstracts of 4th National Language Conference-2017, National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) at Berhampur, Odisha, Dt. 6–9 July 2017.
* "Sambalpuri to Kosali: A New Path", Convention on Kosali- Sambalpuri language by Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters), New Delhi-1 Dt. 2nd −3rd December2017 at Bhubaneswar.
* "Origin and Development of Indian Scripts: A Positional Study", International Conference of South Asian Languages and Literatures (ICOSAL-13) Co- Author with Dr. Biswanandan Dash at the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysuru, India during 8–10 January 2018.
* "Indian Script and Vikramkhol Inscription", National Conference of Lipi Literature at Ravenshaw University, Odisha, Dt. 3 February 2018 at Cuttack.
* "Period of Sarala Mahabharat", an International Seminar of Sarala Mahabharat, Ravenshaw University, Odisha Dt. 9–10 March 2018 at Cuttack.
*"Exploring Invisible Speech in Ritual Art: A Combinational Study in Cultural-Linguistic Landscape", published in Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, Jan–Dec 2018, pp 187–205, {{ISSN|0379-0037}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dash |first1=Viswanandan |last2=Prusty |first2=Subrat Kumar |title=Exploring Invisible Speech in Ritual Art: A Combinational Study in Cultural-Linguistic Landscape |journal=Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics |date=Jan–Dec 2018 |volume=44 |issue=1–2 |pages=187–205 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330262345}}</ref>
* "Gangeridai: Myth and Reality", published in "Language, Literature, Culture and Integrity" (Vol-IV), Proceedings of 5th National Language Conference-2019, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Dt. 4–7 February 2019, pp 321–326.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Language, Literature & Integrity |first1=(Volume: IV) |title=Language, Literature & Integrity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350783237 |website=Researchgate}}</ref>
* "Bikramkhol Inscription ek lipitatwika adhyana", published in Book of Abstracts of 6th National Language Conference-2020, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Dt. 23–26 February 2020.
* "Prachina Bharatiya Lipi pariprekshire Kalinga Brahmi", published in Book of Abstracts of 7th National Language Conference-2021, SriJagannath Sanskrit University, Puri, Dt. 31 March-1 April 2021.
* "Origin & Development of Odia Language & Scripts", Published in Souvenir of National Seminar on The Wonders of Bharatiya Bhasha, Rishihood University, NCR of Delhi, Sonepat, Haryana on 15th - 16th Dec 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Origin & Development of Odia Language & Scripts |url=https://rishihood.edu.in/national-seminar-on-the-wonders-of-bhartiya-bhasha/ |publisher=Rishihood University}}</ref>
* "Sashtriya Odia Bhasa bibartanare Lipira Vhumika", Published in Souvenir of National Seminar on Classical Odia in historical perspective, Organised by Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Odia, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Bhubaneswar on 11–12 March 2021.
* "Prabasare Odia Bhasa, Sahitya O Snskrutira Sangharsha Chitra", Maricus Girimitia Sahitya: Published in Souvenir of International Conference on 'Pravasi Odia Sahitya', Organised by Central University of Odisha, Dt. 23–25 March 2023.

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite journal|last1=Prusty|first1=Subrat Kumar|title=Classical Language: Odia|journal=Odisha Review|date=2014|issue=March|page=4|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2014/mar/engpdf/5-14.pdf|accessdate=24 November 2015}}
*{{cite journal |title=Classical_Language_Odia-_BOOK_1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12000997 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Prusty |first1=Dr Subrat}}
*{{cite journal |title=Classical_Language_Odia-_BOOK_2 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12001018 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Prusty |first1=Dr Subrat}}
*{{cite journal |title=Classical_Language_Odia-_BOOK_3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/10352866 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Prusty |first1=Dr Subrat}}
*{{cite journal |title=Classical_Language_odia-_Book_4 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12001117 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Prusty |first1=Dr Subrat}}
*{{cite journal |title=Photo_of_the_Classical_Odia_Document |url=https://www.academia.edu/10352374 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Prusty |first1=Dr Subrat}}
*{{cite journal |title=Origin and Development of Indian Scripts A Positional Study |url=https://www.academia.edu/36339675 |website=www.academia.edu|last1=Dash |first1=Biswanandan and|last2=Prusty |first2=Dr Subrat}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prusty, Subrat Kumar}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Educators from Odisha|scholars]]
[[Category:Odisha academics]]
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Utkal University]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scholars|linguists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian social scientists]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Jajpur district]]
[[Category:People from Odisha by district|Jajpur district]]

Chandrahasan

2026-02-14T09:40:13Z

Goandamanholidays: Starting New Article Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian film producer (1937–2017)}}
{{for|the 1936 Tamil-language film|Chandrahasan (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|image = Chandrahasan.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption = Chandrahasan in 2013
|name = Chandrahasan
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|03|06}}
|birth_place = [[Paramakudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[British India]]
|birth_name =
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2017|3|18|1936|3|6}}
|occupation = Film producer, actor
|yearsactive = 1981–2017
|website =
|spouse = {{marriage|Geethamani |1965|2017|end=died}}
|children = 2, including [[Anu Hasan]]
|family = See [[List of South Indian film families#Haasan family|Haasan family]]
}}

{{Indian name|Chandrahasan|Srinivasan}}'''Chandrahasan Srinivasan''' (6 March 1936 – 18 March 2017) was an Indian film producer and actor from [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Early life==
Born to advocate Srinivasan and Rajalakshmi, Chandrahasan was the second of four children. His elder brother [[Charuhasan]] and younger brother [[Kamal Haasan]] worked predominantly as actors in the film industry, while his younger sister, Nalini Raghuram, is a classical dancer.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune — Books |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040125/spectrum/book8.htm |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> As a youngster, Charuhasan practised as a singer, before being readied for a career as a lawyer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=14 August 2014 |title=His classical odyssey |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/kamal-haasan-talks-about-arts-music-and-dance/article6317133.ece}}</ref> In contrast to Charuhasan, Chandrahasan maintained a very close relationship with his younger brother Kamal Haasan throughout his successful career as an actor.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web |date=8 November 2000 |title=Movies: Kamal, as we know him |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/nov/08kamal.htm |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1995, he appeared as an actor in his niece [[Suhasini Maniratnam]]'s directorial debut ''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]''. The film featured his own daughter [[Anu Hasan]] in the title role alongside [[Arvind Swamy]] and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19950531-suhasini-mani-ratnam-new-film-indira-zooms-in-on-caste-wars-807343-1995-05-31|title=Suhasini Mani Ratnam new film Indira zooms in on caste wars|date=31 May 1995|website=India Today}}</ref> During the 2000s, Chandrahasan took a more active role in the management of [[Raaj Kamal Films International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/15sd2.htm|title=rediff.com: Kamal Haasan's Virumaandi, finally!|website=specials.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-brother-and-producer-chandrahasan-dies-in-london-4575812/ |title=Kamal Haasan's brother and producer Chandrahasan dead |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> During the problems faced during the release of ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' (2013), Charuhasan had taken a pivotal role in mediating with the opposition.
<ref name="protest">{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/id-like-to-live-the-way-my-brother-chandrahasan-did/20170320.htm |title='I'd like to live the way my brother Chandrahasan did' |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/parties-to-vishwaroopam-row-willing-to-thrash-out-issues/article4366216.ece |title=Parties to Vishwaroopam row willing to thrash out issues |last=Subramanian |first=Karthik |date=1 February 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Prior to his death, Chandrahasan completed acting in the lead role of a film titled ''Appathava Aattaya Pottutanga'' by debutant director Stephen Rangaraj. A tale of romance between two older individuals, Stephen cast Chandrahasan as he wanted someone who was known as a "respectable person" and because the romance should not be conveyed in the wrong light. The film, which featured him alongside Sheela, the mother of actor [[Vikranth]], was completed in 2017 but had a direct release in OTT platform Sony Liv in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chandrahasans-dream-came-true-before-his-demise/articleshow/57727957.cms |title=Chandrahasan's dream came true before his demise |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Chandrahasan was married to Geethamani and has a son, Nirmal Hasan, who is settled in the United States. His daughter, [[Anu Hasan]], has appeared as an actress in Indian and British productions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/04/06/stories/1306069f.htm |title=The focus is on women |last=Mahesh |first=Chitra |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 April 2001 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Geethamani died in January 2017, aged 73. Following her death, Chandrahasan died in March 2017, aged 81.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/Mar/20/kamal-haasans-brother-chandrahasan-passes-away-due-to-cardiac-arrest-in-london-1583337.html | title=Kamal Haasan's brother Chandrahasan passes away due to cardiac arrest in London | date=31 August 2017 }}</ref>

==Death==
Following a cardiac arrest, Chandrahasan died aged 81 on 18 March 2017 in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]. Following the death of his wife in January 2017, Chandrahasan had travelled to stay with his son Nirmal in the [[United States]], for a change of scenery. On his return, to avoid taking a twenty three hour journey to Chennai, he had made a brief stopover in London to visit his daughter Anu. He was staying at her residence during the time of his death.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kamal-haasans-brother-chandrahasan-passes-away/article17531337.ece |title=Kamal Haasan's brother Chandrahasan passes away |last=IANS |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/kamal-haasans-elder-brother-chandrahasan-dies-in-london/articleshow/57714437.cms |title=Kamal Haasan's elder brother Chandrahasan dies in London |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The family later held a quiet funeral upon the return of his body to Chennai, before holding a remembrance meet with film industry personalities in April 2017. Apart from family, other guests included [[Rajinikanth]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[Prakash Raj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/a-remembrance-meet-for-late-chandrahasan-imagegallery-kollywood-regjT9jjdgiha.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111710/http://www.sify.com/movies/a-remembrance-meet-for-late-chandrahasan-imagegallery-kollywood-regjT9jjdgiha.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2017|title=A remembrance meet for late Chandrahasan|website=[[Sify]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/worried-about-kamals-financial-situation-says-rajini-chandra-haasans-memorial-meet-59926 |title=Worried about Kamal's financial situation, says Rajini at Chandra Haasan's memorial meet |date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Kamal Haasan later described his brother as "a father figure".<ref name="protest" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-remembers-brother-chandrahasan-i-did-not-fulfill-half-of-his-dreams-he-saw-for-me-4576359/ |title=Kamal Haasan remembers brother Chandrahasan: I did not fulfill half of his dreams he saw for me |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==
;As a producer
{{see|Raaj Kamal Films International}}

;As an actor
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:70%;"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col"|Role(s)
! scope="col"|Language(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1981
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja Paarvai]]''
| Raghu's / Chandram's father || Tamil / Telugu ||
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 1991
! scope="row" | ''[[Penn (1991 TV series)|Penn]]''
| || Tamil || Mini-series
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 1995
! scope="row" | ''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]''
| Minister || Tamil ||
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 2000
! scope="row" | ''[[Hey Ram]]''
| Mohan Gandhiraman || Tamil / Hindi ||
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Appathava Aattaya Pottutanga]]''
| Ramasamy || Tamil || Posthumous release ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fantasymsinfo.com/2021/10/appathava-aattaya-pottutanga-2021-on.html?m=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005134819/https://www.fantasymsinfo.com/2021/10/appathava-aattaya-pottutanga-2021-on.html?m=1|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 October 2021|title= Appathava Aattaya Pottutanga 2021 on SonyLIV: Release Date, Trailer, Starring and more|date=3 October 2021|access-date=5 October 2021 |work=Fantasy Movies and Series}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb name|1202244}}
{{Raaj Kamal Films International}}
{{Kamal Haasan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrahasan}}
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:1934 births]]

Lists of box office number-one films in India

2026-02-04T06:42:59Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|None}}
This is a list of films which have reached the number-one spot at the [[box office]] in [[India]]:
*[[List of 2013 box office number-one films in India]]
*[[List of 2022 box office number-one films in India]]
*[[List of 2023 box office number-one films in India]]
*[[List of 2024 box office number-one films in India]]
*[[List of 2025 box office number-one films in India]]
*[[List of 2026 box office number-one films in India]]

== See also ==
* [[Lists of Indian films]] — Indian films by year
* [[List of highest-grossing films in India]]
* [[Lists of box office number-one films]]

{{List of Box office number-one films}}
{{list of lists |film}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India, Box office number-one films}}

Chinnu Chandni

2026-01-27T18:48:00Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chinnu Chandni
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1993
| birth_place = [[Thiruvanthapuram]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2016
| known_for =
| notable_works = [[Thamaasha]], [[Vishesham]], [[Bheemante Vazhi]]
}}
'''Chinnu Chandni''' is an Indian actress who works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. In 2019, she made her debut as a heroine in the movie [[Thamaasha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='തമാശ'യുടെ പുതിയ ട്രെയിലര്‍ പുറത്തിറങ്ങി|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-trailer/thamaasha-movie-official-trailer-out-pt78zl |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Chinnu Chandni made her acting debut with the 2016 film [[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]] directed by [[Khalid Rahman]]. Then in 2017, she played a small role in the film Cappuccino.
Chinnu made her debut as a female lead in the [[Vinay Forrt]]-starrer [[Thamaasha]] and also played a notable role in the 2021 film [[Bheemante Vazhi]] both films are directed by [[Ashraf Hamza]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=വേദനിപ്പിച്ച തമാശകൾ മുതൽ കണ്ണു നിറച്ച 'തമാശ' വരെ: ചിന്നു ചാന്ദ്നി പറയുന്നു |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/thamasha-actor-chinnu-chandni-interview-270499/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=malayalam.indianexpress.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-31 |title=Chinnu Chandni plays a judo trainer in Bheemante Vazhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/chinnu-chandni-plays-a-judo-trainer-in-bheemante-vazhi/articleshow/80025128.cms |access-date=2024-09-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

She then acted in [[Jackson Bazaar Youth]], as part of an ensemble cast involving [[Jaffar Idukki]], [[Indrans]] and [[Lukman Avaran]].
Chinnu was part of the [[Mammootty]]-starrer [[Kaathal – The Core]] where she played the respondent lawyer Adv. Sajitha. Her portrayal of the character received praise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: I always wanted to be an actor, says Chinnu Chandni|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/exclusive-interview-with-kaathal-the-core-actress-chinnu-chandni/ |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=thesouthfirst.com}}</ref>

Chinnu had three releases in 2024 [[Golam (2024 film)|Golam]], [[Vishesham]] and Thaanara. [[Golam (2024 film)|Golam]] was a [[police procedural]] thriller film and released to critical and commercial success. She played the role of Meera, an employee of the company where the investigation is underway, in the film.

Her second release of the year, [[Vishesham]], was a commercial and critical success. The movie which depicted the trials and tribulations of a young couple and their journey towards parenthood was instantly loved by viewers upon its digital release. The onscreen chemistry between the couple has also been praised by those who have watched the film. Chinnu was lauded universally by critics and moviegoers alike, for her realistic and gritty performance as police character T R Sajitha. She went on to win awards for her performance in the film.

Thaanara, her third film of the year, saw her portray the role of Anjali, a socialite and wife to [[Shine Tom Chacko]]'s MLA Adarsh Sreevaraham. The movie was a [[comedy drama film]] also featuring an ensemble cast of [[Aju Varghese]], [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]], [[Deepti Sati]] and Sneha Babu. The film was her first foray into comedy and was directed by Haridas and scripted by [[Raffi]].

==Personal life==
Chinnu was born in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and raised in [[Tanzania]] where her father worked. She later returned to India during her high school. She has also done an [[Master of Philosophy|MPhil in Theater Arts]]. She now lives in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chinnu-chandni-speaks-about-her-adorable-namesake-in-thamaasha-who-has-been-breaking-many-a-stereotype/article28098240.ece|title=Chinnu Chandni speaks about her namesake in 'Thamaasha' who has been breaking many a stereotype|first=Harikumar J.|last=S|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 June 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]''|| Jaslin ||Debut film
|-
|2017||''Cappuccino''|| ||
|-
|2019||''[[Thamaasha]]''||Chinnu||
|-
|rowspan=2|2021||''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]''||Anju Chandran||
|-
|''Njan Shakespeare''||
|-
|rowspan=2|2023||''[[Jackson Bazaar Youth]]''||Probation SI Safna||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/jackson-bazaar-youth-indrans-chinnu-chandni-jaffer-idukki-r64csj|title=ഇന്ദ്രന്‍സ്, ചിന്നു, ജാഫര്‍; 'ജാക്സണ്‍ ബസാര്‍ യൂത്ത്' വരുന്നു|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kaathal – The Core]]''||Adv. Sajitha||<ref>
{{cite news |date=25 November 2023 |title=EXCLUSIVE: I always wanted to be an actor, says Chinnu Chandni |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/exclusive-interview-with-kaathal-the-core-actress-chinnu-chandni/ |accessdate=1 December 2024 |publisher=thesouthfirst |language=English}}
</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2024||''[[Golam (2024 film)|Golam]]''||Meera||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/malayalam-movie-golam-introduces-an-ar-interactive-technology-for-viewers-mm-672630.html|title=Golam movie | പ്രേക്ഷകർക്ക് നവ്യാനുഭവം; മലയാള സിനിമയിൽ ഇൻ്ററാക്ടീവ് എ.ആർ. സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യയുമായി 'ഗോളം'|date=5 June 2024|website=News18 മലയാളം}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vishesham]]''||CPO T R Sajitha||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/chinnu-chandni-vishesham-movie-interview-1.9744954|title=തിരക്കഥ കേട്ടപ്പോൾത്തന്നെ 'വിശേഷം' ചെയ്യാനാഗ്രഹിച്ചു,നായകനെ വെളിപ്പെടുത്തിയത് സർപ്രെെസായിട്ട്-ചിന്നു|date=21 July 2024|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
|-
|''Thaanara''|| Anjali ||<ref>
{{cite news
|title = Vishnu Unnikrishnan and Shine Tom Chacko starrer 'Thaanara' gets a release date
|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vishnu-unnikrishnan-and-shine-tom-chacko-starrer-thaanara-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/112024958.cms
|publisher = timesofindia
|date = 26 July 2024
|accessdate = 1 December 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref>
|-
|| {{TableTBA}} || {{Pending film|italic=no| ''Vandd''}}||||<ref>
{{cite news
|title = വിശേഷം' ടീം വീണ്ടും; 'വണ്ട്' വരുന്നു...
|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/01/01/vishesham-makers-new-film-vandu-poster.html|publisher = manoramaonline
|date = 1 January 2025
|accessdate = 1 January 2025 |language = Malayalam
}}
</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==
*{{IMDb name|8322549}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandni, Chinnu}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1993 births]]

Bagwara

2026-01-27T16:47:34Z

Goandamanholidays: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Udham Singh Nagar district]]
{{R from merge}}{{R from alternative transliteration}}

Nizam Uddin Choudhury

2026-01-26T13:57:08Z

Goandamanholidays: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Haji
| name = Haji Nizam Choudhury হাজী নিজাম উদ্দিন চৌধুৰী
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency_AM = [[Algapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Algapur]]
| assembly = Assam Legislative
| term_start = 2016
| term_end =
| predecessor = Mandira Roy
| successor =
| constituency2 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date = [[31-12-1972]]
| birth_place = Panchgram
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Nizam Uddin Choudhury
| parents = Late. Ishub Ali Choudhury
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[All India United Democratic Front]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = Saira Begum Choudhury
| partner =
| relations =
| children = 2 sons and 3 daughters.
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Businessmen, Politician
| profession =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes = Religion:Islam
| data1 =
}}

'''Haji Nizam Uddin Choudhury''' is an [[AIUDF|All India United Democratic Front Party]] politician from [[Assam]]. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016 election]] from [[Algapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Algapur constituency LA8]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar1316/at051 | title=AIUDF releases first list of candidates | date=13 March 2016 | newspaper=Assam Tribune | accessdate=20 September 2019 | archive-date=26 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126133119/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar1316/at051 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sentinelassam.com/cachar/story.php?sec=2&subsec=12&id=285961&dtP=2016-10-28&ppr=1 MP, DC pitch for time-bound implementation of programmes] {{deadlink|date=March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=284880&dtP=2016-10-19&ppr=1 |title=Indo-Bangla border at Cachar shocks MLAs |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127052125/http://www.sentinelassam.com/mainnews/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=284880&dtP=2016-10-19&ppr=1 |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was reelected to Assam Legislative Assembly in 2021.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Nizam Uddin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India United Democratic Front politicians]]
[[Category:People from Hailakandi district]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]

Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology

2026-01-25T13:41:53Z

Goandamanholidays: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|State university in Kerala, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date= January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= January 2026}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology
| other_name = Digital University Kerala (DUK)
| former_name = Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala (IIITM-K)
| image_name = Digital University Kerala 01.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| logo = Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology logo.png
| motto = Curating a Responsible Digital World
| type = State University
| established = {{Start date and age|2020|07|01|df=yes}}<ref name="indiacode-act" />
| city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = India
| campus = Technopark Phase IV (Technocity), Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram district<ref name="duk-contact" /><ref name="mandatory-disclosure-2025" />
| chancellor = [[Governor of Kerala]] (ex officio)<ref name="ordinance-2020" />
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Saji Gopinath
| website = {{URL|https://duk.ac.in}}
}}

'''Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology''', commonly known as '''Digital University Kerala (DUK)''', is a [[state university]] located at Technopark Phase IV (Technocity) in Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India.<ref name="duk-contact" /><ref name="mandatory-disclosure-2025" /> The university was constituted through the ''Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Ordinance, 2020'' and later established under the ''Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Act, 2021'' (Act 10 of 2021), which is deemed to have come into force on 1 July 2020.<ref name="ordinance-2020" /><ref name="indiacode-act" />

==History==
The Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala (IIITM-K) was established in 2000 as a Government of Kerala institution.<ref name="duk-history" /><ref name="duk-lineage" /> In 2020, IIITM-K was upgraded to a university through an ordinance promulgated by the Governor of Kerala, which was subsequently enacted as the ''Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Act, 2021''.<ref name="ordinance-2020" /><ref name="indiacode-act" />

== Campus ==
The university is located at Technopark Phase IV (Technocity), Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (PIN 695317).<ref name="duk-contact" /><ref name="mandatory-disclosure-2025" />

== Organisation and governance ==
Under the founding ordinance, the [[Governor of Kerala]] serves as Chancellor (ex officio) and the state Minister in charge of Information Technology serves as Pro-Chancellor (ex officio).<ref name="ordinance-2020" /> The university is constituted as a non-affiliating research and teaching university, with its governance and authorities defined in the ordinance and Act.<ref name="ordinance-2020" /><ref name="indiacode-act" />

== Leadership==
The [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is, by virtue of office, the Chancellor of the university and the Minister in Charge of Information Technology Department is the Pro-Chancellor of the university.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| title=Government of Kerala - Law (Legislation-I) Department - Notification | url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2020/KL_Digital_Sciences_Innovation_Technology_Ordinance.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423120405/https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2020/KL_Digital_Sciences_Innovation_Technology_Ordinance.pdf | archive-date=2021-04-23}}</ref> The [[Government of Kerala]] had appointed Dr. Saji Gopinath as the first Vice-chancellor of the university.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/saji-gopinath-appointed-1st-vc-of-digital-science-varsity/articleshow/76842639.cms|title=Saji Gopinath appointed first VC of digital science varsity | Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=8 July 2020 }}</ref>

== Vice chancellors of DUK ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
! colspan="5" |'''Vice chancellors of Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" |Term of office
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
!1
|'''Dr. Saji Gopinath'''
|8 July 2020<ref name=":2" />
|27 October 2024
|{{age in years and days|2020|07|08|2024|10|27}}
|-
!''2''
|'''Dr. Ciza Thomas'''
|27 November 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-27 |title=Governor appoints interim V-Cs for KTU, Digital University |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/governor-appoints-interim-v-cs-to-ktu-digital-university/article68918876.ece |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|17 December 2025
|{{ayd|2024|11|27|2025|12|17}}
|-
!3
|'''Dr. Saji Gopinath'''
|18 December 2025
|''Incumbent''
|{{Ayd|2025|12|18}}
|}

== Academics ==
Digital University Kerala offers postgraduate and doctoral programmes (including M.Tech, M.Sc, MBA and PhD), along with diploma and executive education programmes.<ref name="duk-pg" />

=== Schools ===
The university organises academic activities through schools, including:<ref name="duk-upgraded" />
* School of Computer Science and Engineering
* School of Digital Humanities and Liberal Arts
* School of Digital Sciences
* School of Electronic Systems and Automation
* School of Informatics

=== Earn While You Learn ===
The university implements an "Earn While You Learn" (EWYL) arrangement described by the university as paid internship opportunities for eligible students through university projects, aligned with the Government of Kerala's EWYL initiative.<ref name="duk-ewyl" />

== Centres and initiatives ==
The university hosts multiple centres and initiatives, including:<ref name="duk-centres" />
* '''Knowledge Centre'''<ref name="duk-knowledge" />
* '''Centre for Digital Innovations and Product Development (CDIPD)'''<ref name="duk-cdipd" />
* '''Centre for Executive Education and Continuing Studies (CEECS)'''<ref name="duk-ceecs" />
* '''Social Engagement Centre'''<ref name="duk-sec" />
* '''Kerala Blockchain Academy'''<ref name="duk-centres" />
* '''Cisco thingQbator'''<ref name="duk-centres" />
* '''Maker Village'''<ref name="duk-centres" />
* '''Digital Science Park'''<ref name="duk-dsp" />

==Kerala Blockchain Academy==
The institute also houses Kerala Blockchain Academy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blockchain Courses {{!}} Best Blockchain Training Institute India {{!}} KBA |url=https://kba.ai/ |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=kba.ai |language=en-US}}</ref>, second in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=IIITM-K to Initiate First Blockchain Technology Academy in Kerala|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/iiitm-k-to-initiate-first-blockchain-technology-academy-in-ker-885653-2017-03-05}}</ref> Kerala Blockchain Academy is also an associate member of the Hyperledger community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Blockchain Academy first Indian academy to get Hyperledger membership |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-blockchain-academy-first-indian-academy-to-get-hyperledger-membership/articleshow/63574718.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram]]
* Digital Science Park, Thiruvananthapuram
* [[Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="indiacode-act">{{cite web |title=The Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Act, 2021 (Act 10 of 2021) |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/17254 |website=India Code |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="ordinance-2020">{{cite web |title=Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Ordinance, 2020 |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2020/KL_Digital_Sciences_Innovation_Technology_Ordinance.pdf |website=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="mandatory-disclosure-2025">{{cite web |title=Mandatory Disclosure (AICTE) |url=https://duk.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Mandatory_Disclosure_16012025.pdf |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-contact">{{cite web |title=Digital University Kerala - Contact details |url=https://duk.ac.in/home/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-history">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://duk.ac.in/history/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-lineage">{{cite web |title=Lineage |url=https://duk.ac.in/lineage/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-pg">{{cite web |title=Post Graduate Programmes |url=https://duk.ac.in/pg-programmes/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-upgraded">{{cite web |title=IIITM-K upgraded to a Digital University |url=https://duk.ac.in/iiitm-k-upgraded-to-a-digital-university/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-ewyl">{{cite web |title=Earn While You Learn (EWYL) |url=https://duk.ac.in/earn-while-you-learn/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-centres">{{cite web |title=Centres (site navigation listing) |url=https://duk.ac.in/digital-science-park-2/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-knowledge">{{cite web |title=Knowledge Centre |url=https://duk.ac.in/knowledge-centre/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-cdipd">{{cite web |title=Centre for Digital Innovations and Product Development (CDIPD) |url=https://duk.ac.in/centre-for-digital-innovations-and-product-development-cdipd/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-ceecs">{{cite web |title=Centre for Executive Education and Continuing Studies (CEECS) |url=https://duk.ac.in/centre-for-executive-education-and-continuing-studies/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-sec">{{cite web |title=Social Engagement Centre |url=https://duk.ac.in/social-engagement-centre/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="duk-dsp">{{cite web |title=Digital Science Park |url=https://duk.ac.in/digital-science-park-2/ |website=Digital University Kerala |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://duk.ac.in}}
* Text of the Act (India Code): https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/17254

{{Thiruvananthapuram}}
{{Universities in Kerala}}
{{Education in Kerala}}

{{Coord|format=dms|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2020]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in Kerala]]

Indian Mujahideen

2026-01-21T02:15:54Z

Goandamanholidays: improved article

{{Short description|Islamist terrorist group in South Asia}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| name = Indian Mujahideen
| logo = Flag of Jihad.svg
| caption = Flag
| foundation = 2003
| dates = 2005–
| founding_leader = Amir Reza Khan [[Iqbal Bhatkal]] [[Riyaz Bhatkal]] [[Yasin Bhatkal]] (−2013) [[Abdul Subhan Qureshi]] (−2018) Sadiq Israr Sheikh (−2008)
| leader =
| area =
| ideology = [[Islamic fundamentalism]] [[Pan-Islamism]] [[Jihadism]] 
[[Anti-Hindu sentiment]]
| crimes =
| attacks =
| status = {{flagicon|India}} Designated as [[terrorism|terrorist]] organisation under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]] (4 June 2010)<ref name="IndiaTerrorList">{{cite web|url=http://www.mha.nic.In/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=292|title=Terrorism Act 2000|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]|access-date=20 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510212307/http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292|archive-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> {{flagicon|NZ}} Designated terrorist organisation under the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002 (22 October 2010)<ref name="New Zealand bans Indian Mujahideen">{{cite news|title=New Zealand bans Indian Mujahideen|url=http://www.indiannewslink.co.nz/41624.5/index.php/homelink/new-zealand-bans-indian-mujahideen.html|access-date=5 July 2012|newspaper=Indian NewsLink|date=31 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021450/http://www.indiannewslink.co.nz/41624.5/index.php/homelink/new-zealand-bans-indian-mujahideen.html|archive-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{flagicon|US}} Designated [[U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|Foreign Terrorist Organization]] (15 September 2011)<ref name="Terrorist Designations of the Indian Mujahideen">{{cite web|title=Terrorist Designations of the Indian Mujahideen|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/09/172442.htm|publisher=US Dept of State|access-date=2 June 2012|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527133057/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/09/172442.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> {{flagicon|UK}} Banned by the [[United Kingdom]] {{flagicon|UAE}} Designated as terrorist organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/list-of-terror-groups-published-by-uae-1.1413219|title=List of terror groups published by UAE|website=gulfnews.com|date=16 November 2014|access-date=4 July 2020|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328042440/https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/list-of-terror-groups-published-by-uae-1.1413219|url-status=live}}</ref> 
{{flagicon|Canada}} Designated as a terrorist organization
| size =
| revenue =
| financing =
| partof = [[Students' Islamic Movement of India]] (allegedly)
| allies = [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh]] [[Jaish-e-Muhammad]] [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan]]<ref>[https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/indian-mujahideen-2012 Indian Mujahideen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909070625/https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/indian-mujahideen-2012 |date=9 September 2022 }}. [[Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism]].</ref>
| opponents =
}}
'''Indian Mujahideen''' ('''IM''') is an [[Jihadism|Islamic jihadist]] and terrorist group which has been particularly active in India.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080058894&ch=7/27/2008%208:10:00%20AM "What is Indian Mujahideen?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730023558/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080058894&ch=7%2F27%2F2008%208%3A10%3A00%20AM |date=30 July 2008 }}. 2008–07–27. [[NDTV]].</ref> The group was founded as an offshoot of the [[Students' Islamic Movement of India]] (SIMI) by several radicalized members including [[Iqbal Bhatkal]], [[Riyaz Bhatkal]], [[Yasin Bhatkal]], [[Abdul Subhan Qureshi]], Amir Reza Khan and Sadiq Israr Sheikh, among others.{{Efn|All three are from [[Bhatkal]] in the [[Karnataka]] state of India, hence their nickname "Bhatkal".<ref name="nl">[https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/19/karnataka-bhatkal-commerce-religion-nawayath-namdhari-identity-politics This is Bhatkal, where commerce & religion play chicken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415071244/https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/19/karnataka-bhatkal-commerce-religion-nawayath-namdhari-identity-politics |date=15 April 2023 }}. 19 May 2018. ''[[Newslaundry]]''.</ref>}}{{Efn|name=Amir Reza|Amir Reza Khan is from Kolkata and carried out the [[2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata]] and the [[Khadim's case|Khadim abduction]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220819084700/http://mantraya.org/profile-amir-reza-khan-of-indian-mujahideen/ Profile: Amir Reza Khan of Indian Mujahideen]}}. ''Mantraya''.</ref>}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Indian Mujahideen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indian-Mujahideen |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819030015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indian-Mujahideen |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Sandeep |date=2013-08-29 |title=It took six months to pin him down |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-took-six-months-to-pin-him-down/article5072606.ece |access-date=2022-08-19 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819030015/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-took-six-months-to-pin-him-down/article5072606.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=A Profile of Iqbal Bhatkal: The First Indian Mujahideen Leader Added to India's Most Wanted List |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/506c257b2.html |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Refworld |publisher=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] |language=en |archive-date=15 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915182811/https://www.refworld.org/docid/506c257b2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been active since at least 2005 when it bombed the [[Dashashwamedh Ghat]] in [[Varanasi]] (where eight people were injured).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-01-24 |title=A short history of the Indian Mujahideen |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/a-short-history-of-the-indian-mujahideen-terror-attacks-abdul-subhan-qureshi-5036679/ |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123225533/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/a-short-history-of-the-indian-mujahideen-terror-attacks-abdul-subhan-qureshi-5036679/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It carried out several serial-bombings in Indian cities in the following years notably the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings]], [[2008 Jaipur bombings]], [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]], [[2008 Delhi bombings]], [[2010 Pune bombing]], [[2011 Mumbai bombings]], [[2011 Delhi bombing]], [[2013 Patna bombings]],{{Efn|name=patna|The Patna bombings targeted a rally of the then Prime Ministerial candidate [[Narendra Modi]].}} [[2013 Hyderabad blasts]] and the [[2013 Bodh Gaya bombings]].<ref name=":1" />

Investigators believe that Indian Mujahideen is one of many groups composed of lower-tier SIMI members. According to the Indian [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], SIMI took new titles because the top leadership of SIMI have been detained and would be available for interrogation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nanjappa |first=Vicky |date=27 July 2008 |title=Investigators say Indian Mujahideen is SIMI, V2.0 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/27sld1.htm |access-date=29 July 2008 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407100520/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/27sld1.htm |url-status=live }}, Retrieved on 07–29–2008</ref> The change in names is believed to signal a change in tactics as SIMI-affiliated militants attempt to garner more support from India's Muslim community rather than be seen as a group consisting of foreigners.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nanjappa |first=Vicky |date=29 July 2008 |title=Revealed: Indian Mujahideen'S two-pronged terror strategy |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29ahd4.htm |access-date=29 July 2008 |archive-date=30 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730151020/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29ahd4.htm |url-status=live }}, Retrieved on 07–29–2008</ref> Two days after the 13 May 2008 Jaipur bombings, the extremist group<ref>"[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hIA4Jrf22A_LF8AAsPgwjxgZviVw Unknown Islamic group threatens more blasts In tourist India]", [[Agence France-Presse]], 14 May 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706082546/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hIA4Jrf22A_LF8AAsPgwjxgZviVw|date=6 July 2008}}</ref> sent an e-mail to Indian media in which they claimed responsibility for the attacks<ref name="IndiaToday-video">"[http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.In/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8257&issueid=53&Itemid=1Indian Mujahideen sends pre−blast video footage", IndiaToday, 14 May 2008.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107160643/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content |date=7 January 2009 }}</ref> and said they would "demolish the faiths (all religions apart from Islam) of the [[Kafir|infidel]]s of India."<ref name="TheAustralian-expel">"[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.Au/story/0,25197,23718469-2703,00.html Outraged India set to expel migrants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116062803/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23718469-2703,00.html|date=16 January 2009}}", ''[[The Australian]]'', 19 May 2008.</ref> The biggest and boldest attack to date by the group was the [[2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts]], where it gained national notoriety with a casualty of more than 50 people.

The group has been linked with the jihadist [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and its backer Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]]. [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh]] is also closely linked with the group and was instrumental in its founding.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Profile: Amir Reza Khan of Indian Mujahideen |url=http://mantraya.org/profile-amir-reza-khan-of-indian-mujahideen/ |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Mantraya |language=en-US |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819084700/http://mantraya.org/profile-amir-reza-khan-of-indian-mujahideen/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Two of the founding leaders, Iqbal Bhatkal and Riyaz Bhatkal, shifted to [[Karachi]] in the aftermath of the [[Batla House encounter case|Batla House encounter]] in 2008 and remain active from there, operating a faction of the group. Amir Reza Khan also fled to Karachi and is reported to run his own IM module from there.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Yasin Bhatkal was apprehended in 2013 and was sentenced to death in 2016 for the 2013 Hyderabad blasts; Abdul Subhan Qureshi was similarly apprehended in 2018.<ref name="manhunt">{{Cite news |title=Abdul Subhan Qureshi: 2008 Gujarat blasts mastermind arrested after decade-long manhunt | India News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2008-gujarat-blasts-mastermind-arrested-after-decade-long-manhunt/articleshow/62600348.cms |website=The Times of India |date=22 January 2018 |access-date=12 January 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2008-gujarat-blasts-mastermind-arrested-after-decade-long-manhunt/articleshow/62600348.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> With the capture of Yasin Bhatkal and Abdul Subhan Qureshi, along with the [[Batla House encounter]] in 2008, the group suffered a major setback.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Mujahideen co-founder Yasin arrested|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-mujahideen-cofounder-yasin--arrested/article5070960.ece?homepage=true|newspaper=The Hindu|date = 29 August 2013|last1 = Gaikwad|first1 = Rahi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/yasin-bhatkal-admits-recruiting-bihar-youth-for-terror-attacks_873295.html|title=Yasin Bhatkal admits recruiting Bihar youth for terror attacks|publisher=Zee News}}</ref>

After multiple Indian Mujahideen bomb blasts in different cities of India over the years, many of which were claimed by the group itself, it was declared a terrorist organisation on 4 June 2010 and banned by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Indian Mujahideen declared a terrorist organisation| url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/indian-mujahideen-declared-a-terrorist-organisation-29840.php| work=NDTV News| access-date=4 June 2010| archive-date=26 January 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126015556/http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/indian-mujahideen-declared-a-terrorist-organisation-29840.php| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Deccan Herald">{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/73373/indian-mujahideen-declared-terrorist-outfit.html | title=Indian Mujahideen declared as terrorist outfit | work=Deccan Herald | date=4 June 2010 | access-date=11 January 2012 | archive-date=24 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124161058/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/73373/indian-mujahideen-declared-terrorist-outfit.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="List of Organisations">{{cite web | url=http://www.mha.nic.In/uniquepage.asp?ID_PK=292 | title=List of Organisations Declared as Terrorist Organisations Under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India | access-date=11 January 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510212307/http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292 | archive-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> On 22 October 2010, [[New Zealand]] declared it a terrorist organisation.<ref name="New Zealand bans Indian Mujahideen" /> In September 2011, the [[United States]] officially placed the Indian Mujahideen on its [[United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|list of foreign terrorist organisations]], with the State Department acknowledging that the group had engaged in several terrorist attacks in India and had regional aspirations with the ultimate aim of creating an "Islamic [[caliphate]]" across [[South Asia]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/253036/%C2%B5s-places-indian-mujahideen-on-terror-list/| title=US places Indian Mujahideen on terror list| work=The Express Tribune| date=15 September 2011| access-date=16 September 2011| archive-date=4 September 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904160653/http://tribune.com.pk/story/253036/%C2%B5s-places-indian-mujahideen-on-terror-list/| url-status=live}}</ref> The group was banned by the [[United Kingdom]] as it aimed at creating an [[Islamic state]] and implementing [[sharia]] law in India, by use of indiscriminate violence.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/uk-bans-indian-mujahideen-239945?pfrom=home-world| title= UK bans Indian Mujahideen| date= 6 July 2012| access-date= 6 July 2012| archive-date= 7 April 2020| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200407100519/http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/uk-bans-indian-mujahideen-239945?pfrom=home-world| url-status= dead}}</ref>{{Campaignbox India terrorism}}

== Background ==
The group was founded as the merger of [[Students' Islamic Movement of India]]'s Usaba based in [[Bhatkal]] (where [[Iqbal Bhatkal]], [[Riyaz Bhatkal]] and [[Yasin Bhatkal]] come from) and Asif Reza Commando Force which had been founded by Amir Reza Khan{{Efn|name=Amir Reza}} (in the name of his brother who had died in a shootout with the police) and had carried out the [[2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata]].<ref name=":2" /> Most of its recruits are from SIMI of which the IM is largely an offshoot of. It was founded in 2003 and first became active in 2005, it adopted the name "Indian Mujahideen" in emails after the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{cite book |author1=Dr V Balasubramaniyan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JgtDwAAQBAJ |title=Terror Funds in India: Money Behind Mayhem |author2=Dr SV Raghavan |date=2017 |publisher=[[Lancer|Lancer Publishers LLC]] |isbn=9788170623168 |pages=}}</ref>

The [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh]] also played an instrumental role in the founding of the group and had earlier been involved with the Asif Reza Commando Force. The [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] also provided crucial support in IM's founding.<ref name=":1" />

The [[Batla House encounter case|Batla House encounter]] in 2008, when several IM members were arrested, first brought to light the leadership of the jihadist group.<ref name=":1" />

Its signature weapons are timed [[improvised explosive device]]s (IEDs) made from [[ammonium nitrate]], which it has used in most of its major attacks.<ref name=":1" />

=== Factionalism ===
Riyaz Bhatkal and Amir Reza Khan both run their own factions of the group from Karachi, while Iqbal is not currently active in the group's operations.<ref name=":1" />

Indian Mujahideen members are also known to have joined the [[Islamic State]], as shown in one of their propaganda videos titled "The Bilad al-Hind [Land of India] – Between Pain and Hope".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Does Islamic State Pose a Threat to India? |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/595f4d3d4.html |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Refworld, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |language=en |archive-date=15 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915202633/https://www.refworld.org/docid/595f4d3d4.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2016-05-24 |title=UP Police confirm, 2 suspected Indian Mujahideen fugitives in Islamic State video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indian-mujahideen-fugitives-islamic-state-video-nia-intelligence-services-2816100/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170008/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indian-mujahideen-fugitives-islamic-state-video-nia-intelligence-services-2816100/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shafi Armar]] and Sultan Armar, brothers and former IM members from Bhatkal, founded [[Islamic State]] affiliates Ansar-ut Tawhid fi Bilad al-Hind ({{Translation|Supporters of Monotheism in the Land of India}}) and Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind ({{Translation|Caliph's Army of India}}) encouraging Indian Muslim recruitment for jihad in Syria and Afghanistan. The Armar brothers had split from Indian Mujahideen and formed these affiliates after a rift developed between them and Iqbal and Riyaz Bhatkal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind / Army of Caliph of India (Islamic State India/ ISI / ISISI) |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/janood-ul-khalifa-e-hind-army-caliph-india/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium |language=en-US |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170008/https://trackingterrorism.org/group/janood-ul-khalifa-e-hind-army-caliph-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansar-ut Tawhid fi Bilad al-Hind (AuT) |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/ansar-ut-tawhid-fi-bilad-al-hind-aut/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium |language=en-US |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170009/https://trackingterrorism.org/group/ansar-ut-tawhid-fi-bilad-al-hind-aut/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Members ==
It is suspected that these are the major leaders of the Indian Mujahideen group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15621&Itemid=1&issueid=72&sectionid=30&limit=1&limitstart=0 |title=The new terror: IN THIS ISSUE – India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.digitaltoday.in |date=2008-09-18 |access-date=2013-08-19 |archive-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201043605/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15621&Itemid=1&issueid=72&sectionid=30&limit=1&limitstart=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Leaders ===
* [[Riyaz Bhatkal]], co-founder, from [[Bhatkal]]; absconding in [[Karachi]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Iqbal Bhatkal]], co-founder, from Bhatkal; absconding in Karachi<ref name=":1" />
* Amir Reza Khan, co-founder; absconding in Karachi<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
* [[Yasin Bhatkal]], co-founder; from Bhatkal, under arrest<ref name=":1" />
* [[Abdul Subhan Qureshi]] alias Tauqeer, under arrest: co-founder, a software engineer from [[Mumbai]]; expert in bomb-making<ref name=":1" />
* Sadiq Israr Sheikh, co-founder; engineering graduate from [[Azamgarh]], under arrest, suspect in the [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]]<ref name="SayedHakim2016">{{cite book |author1=Nazia Sayed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nEgDQAAQBAJ |title=Six Minutes of Terror: The Untold Story of the 7/11 Mumbai Train Blasts |author2=Sharmin Hakim |date=12 September 2016 |publisher=[[Penguin India]] |isbn=9789386057525 |pages=}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
* Mohsin Ismail Chaudhary, IED expert from Pune; absconding in Karachi<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Mohsin Chaudhary of Indian Mujahideen |url=http://mantraya.org/profile-mohsin-chaudhary-of-indian-mujahideen/ |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Mantraya |language=en-US |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819084700/http://mantraya.org/profile-mohsin-chaudhary-of-indian-mujahideen/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* Mirza Shadab Beg, IM operational planner; absconding in Pakistan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Mirza Shadaab Beg of Indian Mujahideen |url=https://mantraya.org/profile-mirza-shadab-beg-of-indian-mujahideen/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=Mantraya |language=en-US |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111211836/https://mantraya.org/profile-mirza-shadab-beg-of-indian-mujahideen/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* Dr Shahnawaz, [[unani]] doctor; absconding in Afghanistan<ref name=":1" />

=== Others ===
* [[Safdar Nagori]], under arrest: architect of the transformation from SIMI to Indian Mujahideen
* [[Fayaz Kagzi]], IED expert, joined the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] from SIMI, suicide-bomber in the [[2016 Saudi Arabia bombings]]
* [[Zabiuddin Ansari]], under arrest, joined the Lashkar-e-Taiba from IM, accused in the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
* [[Shafi Armar]], former IM member from Bhatkal, later [[Islamic State|ISIS]] operative, killed in Syria in 2015<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-25 |title=When did IS terrorist Shafi Armar die: 2019 or 2016? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/when-did-is-terrorist-armar-die-2019-or-2016/story-zZDTJqhOtoU8FNN00Z8SGN.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170007/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/when-did-is-terrorist-armar-die-2019-or-2016/story-zZDTJqhOtoU8FNN00Z8SGN.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Nanjappa |first=Vicky |date=2019-03-26 |title=Bhatkal's Armar brothers who ran the Indian Islamic State confirmed dead |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/bhatkals-armar-brothers-who-ran-the-indian-islamic-state-confirmed-dead-2869576.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[oneindia.com]] |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170007/https://www.oneindia.com/india/bhatkals-armar-brothers-who-ran-the-indian-islamic-state-confirmed-dead-2869576.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sultan Armar, former IM member from Bhatkal, later ISIS operative, killed in Syria in 2015<ref name=":6" />
* Muhammad "Bada" Sajid, IM member, joined ISIS, killed in Syria in 2015<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-04 |title=Muhammad Sajid, Indian Mujahideen serial bombing suspect, killed in Syria conflict: Jihadi websites |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indian-mujahideen-serial-bombing-suspect-killed-in-syria-fighting-jihadi-websites/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170007/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indian-mujahideen-serial-bombing-suspect-killed-in-syria-fighting-jihadi-websites/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Abu Rashid Ahmed, IM member, joined ISIS<ref name=":5" />
* Mufti Abu Bashir, under arrest: a preacher from [[Azamgarh]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* Qayamuddin Kapadia, under arrest: a trader from [[Vadodara]], started the first-ever mosque of the [[Ahl-i Hadith|Ahle Hadis Tanzeem]] in Vadodara
* Sajid Mansuri, under arrest: a graduate in psychology and formerly a marketing executive
* Usman Agarbattiwala, wanted: a [[postgraduate diploma]] holder from Vadodara in human rights
* Alamzeb Afridi, wanted: a jobless youth from [[Ahmedabad]]; purchased bicycles and then planted them in Ahmedabad after tying bombs
* Abdul Razik Mansuri, wanted: an embroidery unit owner
* Mujib Shaikh, wanted: a stone polishing artisan
* Zahid Shaikh, wanted: a mobile phone repair shop owner from Ahmedabad
* Amil Parwaz, wanted: a native of [[Ujjain]], believed to be involved in the court [[2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings|bomb blasts in Uttar Pradesh in November 2007]]

=== Delhi group ===
The local group at [[Delhi]] is thought to include the following,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066256|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925092759/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066256|url-status=dead|title=The terror thirteen of Indian Mujahideen|archivedate=25 September 2008}}</ref> most of them from [[Azamgarh]]:
* Mohammad Atif Amin aka Bashir: Planner and recruiter, killed in the [[Batla House encounter case|Batla House, Jamia Nagar encounter]] on 19 September. Planted a bomb at M-block market in [[Greater Kailash]]-I, Delhi in the [[2008 Delhi bombings]] and [[Varanasi]] bombs in the [[2006 Varanasi bombings]].
* Mohammed "Chota" Sajid aka Pankaj: killed during the [[Batla House encounter case|Batla House encounter]]. Planted a bomb at Barakhamba Road in Connaught Place.
* Mohammad Saif: arrested from Batla House in Jamia Nagar after the 19 September encounter. Planted a bomb at [[Regal Theatre, New Delhi]] in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]].
* Zeeshan: arrested after the Jamia Nagar encounter. Planted a bomb at [[Barakhamba Road]] in Connaught Place.
* Junaid: Escaped during the [[Batla House encounter case|Batla House encounter]]. Planted a bomb at M-block market in Greater Kailash-I, and Varanasi bombs.
* Mohammad Shakeel: arrested on 21 September 2008 from Jamia Nagar. Planted a bomb at [[Nehru Place]] in south Delhi.
* Zia-ur-Rehman: arrested on 21 September 2008 from Jamia Nagar. Planted a bomb at Connaught Place and on a cycle in Ahmedabad in the [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]].
* Saqib Nisar: arrested on 21 September 2008 from Jamia Nagar.
* Shahzad alias Pappu: arrested, from Azamgarh by UP [[Special Task Force (India)|STF]]. He escaped during the Jamia Nagar encounter. Planted a bomb in Central Park, Connaught Place.
* Alihas Malik: wanted. Planted a bomb at Central Park, Connaught Place.
* Mohammad Khalif: wanted.
* Salman: arrested by the Special Cell of the [[Delhi Police]].

== Attacks ==
The group has carried out several serial bombings in Indian cities. There were emails sent by the Indian Mujahideen that claimed that they were responsible for some of the following terror incidents. One warning email was received 5 minutes before the first blast in Ahmedabad. Another was received soon after the first blast of Delhi bombings. The timing makes it impossible for any other groups to have sent the two emails. The following are attacks where it has claimed responsibility or is suspected of involvement:<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=GTD Search Results |url=https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results.aspx?expanded=no&casualties_type=b&casualties_max=&dtp2=all&success=yes&perpetrator=30036&ob=GTDID&od=desc&page=1&count=100#results-table |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=[[Global Terrorism Database]] |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819091244/https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results.aspx?expanded=no&casualties_type=b&casualties_max=&dtp2=all&success=yes&perpetrator=30036&ob=GTDID&od=desc&page=1&count=100#results-table |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[2005 Delhi bombings]]
* [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]]
* [[2006 Varanasi bombings]]
* [[August 2007 Hyderabad bombings]]
* [[2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings]]
* [[Jaipur bombings|2008 Jaipur bombings]]
* [[2008 Delhi bombings]]
* [[2008 Bangalore serial blasts]]
* [[2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts]]
* [[2010 Bangalore stadium bombing]]
* [[2010 Pune bombing]]
* [[2010 Jama Masjid attack]]
* [[2010 Varanasi bombing]]
* [[2011 Delhi bombing]]
* [[2012 Pune bombings]]
* [[2011 Mumbai bombings|2011 Mumbai serial blasts]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/jul/13/mumbai-blasts#block-6 | location=London | work=The Guardian | first1=Haroon | last1=Siddique | first2=Barry | last2=Neild | title=Mumbai blasts − Wednesday 13 July 2011 | date=13 July 2011 | access-date=17 December 2016 | archive-date=6 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023825/http://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/jul/13/mumbai-blasts#block-6 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[2013 Bodh Gaya blasts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/serial-blasts-bodhgaya-in-bihar-mahabodhi-temple-169401-2013-07-06|title=Suspected IM member arrested in Kolkata for Bodh Gaya terror attack|work=India Today|date=7 July 2013 |access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132010/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/serial-blasts-bodhgaya-in-bihar-mahabodhi-temple/1/287300.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[2013 Bangalore bombing]]
* [[2013 Patna bombings]]{{Efn|name=patna}}
* [[2013 Hyderabad blasts]]
* [[2014 Burdwan blast]]
* [[2014 Chennai train bombing]]
* [[2018 Bodh Gaya blasts]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-18 |title=Bodh Gaya blast: 3 terrorists get life term, 5 others 10-year rigorous imprisonment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bodh-gaya-blast-3-terrorists-get-life-term-5-others-10-yr-ri/articleshow/88347202.cms |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Suspects and arrests ==
Mufti Abu Bashir Ishlahi alias Abdul Wasir was arrested with the help of [[Uttar Pradesh police]] at his father's home at [[Sarai Mir]] in [[Azamgarh]], Uttar Pradesh on 14 August 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Hang-him-if-He-is-a-terrorist-says-Abu-Bashirs-father/350069/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916081100/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Hang-him-if-He-is-a-terrorist-says-Abu-Bashirs-father/350069/|url-status=dead|title="Hang him if he is a terrorist, says Abu Bashir's father"|archivedate=16 September 2012}}</ref> Bashir studied in the local Madarsatul Islah and later in [[Deoband]]. According to the reports, Bashir claimed that the [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]] cost Rs 75,000. A SIMI activist sold his house in [[Kutch]] to get the amount.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inewsindia.com/2008/08/22/mufti-abu-bashir-admits-involvement-In-ahmedabad-blasts-police/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129172137/http://www.inewsindia.com/2008/08/22/mufti-abu-bashir-admits-involvement-In-ahmedabad-blasts-police/|url-status=dead|title="Mufti Abu Bashir admits involvement In Ahmedabad blasts: Police!"|archivedate=29 January 2013}}</ref> Bashir, who had stayed in Ahmedabad along with [[Abdul Subhan Qureshi]] alias Tauqeer, a co-conspirator, had bought five SIM cards using local names and addresses.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The art of mastering SIMple cards |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/The−art-of-mastering-SIMple−cards/352302/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410191816/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/The%E2%88%92art-of-mastering-SIMple%E2%88%92cards/352302/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2013 |website=[[Express India]] }}</ref> He had used these cell phone numbers to remain in touch with the other members of the module at the planning stage of the conspiracy. Bashir had given the SIM cards to the bomb planters on 26 July, who had used them carefully. Each member had contacted the others through [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]]-[[Public call office|PCO]] booths after successfully planting the bombs. These numbers were used only for receiving calls. Many of the calls were from [[Juhapura]], where Zahid Shaikh, one of the key members of the group, lived at Sandhi Avenue near the [[Sarkhej]] highway. These numbers had become inactive immediately after the blasts.<ref name=":3" />

In March 2014, the Special Cell of the [[Delhi Police]] arrested four members of IM, out of which one was Waqas alias Javed, a bomb-making expert in the group. They were arrested in [[Jaipur]] and [[Jodhpur]] in [[Rajasthan]].

On 28 August 2013, in a major breakthrough, Yasin Bhatkal, co-founder of IM, and another IM terrorist were arrested by Indian Police and [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]] near the [[India–Nepal border]]. According to [[Gujarat]] police, the breakthrough in the [[2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts]] case came from five 'switched-off' [[mobile phone]] numbers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five SIM cards gave us the vital clues |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=2008081720080817024615917ad002C3c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024183614/http://mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?Page=article |archive-date=24 October 2007 |access-date=5 February 2013}}</ref> [[Joint commissioner of police|Joint Commissioner of Police]] (crime) Ashish Bhatia said that the terrorists had procured five [[SIM card]]s of phones that were switched off on the day of the blasts – 26 July. The analysis of the phone calls made to those SIM cards from [[Public call office|PCOs]] provided them the key leads.

Ejaz Sheikh, wanted in several cases including the [[2010 Jama Masjid attack]], was arrested on 6 September 2014 from the [[Saharanpur]] area of western Uttar Pradesh by the Special Cell of the Delhi Police. He is considered a "technical expert" and considered a key member of IM.

== Batla House encounter ==
{{Main|Batla House encounter case}}
On 19 September 2008, the police raided an apartment in Jamia Nagar, near [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] In [[Delhi]]. There is speculation that the prime suspect in the 2008 Ahmedabad bombings, Mufti, a [[madrasa]] teacher from Azamgarh, may have pointed out the apartment.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=71&task=view&id=15670&sectionid=4&Itemid=1| title=More attacks possible, says Ahmedabad blasts prime suspect| work=India Today| access-date=20 May 2015| archive-date=1 December 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201043539/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=71&task=view&id=15670&sectionid=4&Itemid=1| url-status=live}}</ref>

The raid resulted in the death of terrorists Bashir alias Mohammed Atif Amin (son of Mohammed Amin, cloth merchant in [[Bhiwandi]], Mumbai) and Mohammad Sajid, and a decorated police officer, [[Mohan Chand Sharma]], in the gunfight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-20/delhi/27901922_1_ahmedabad-blasts-special-cell-jamia-nagar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720001851/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-20/delhi/27901922_1_ahmedabad-blasts-special-cell-jamia-nagar|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 July 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Shootout at Jamia Nagar; 2 terrorists killed|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> Mohammad Saif (the son of [[Samajwadi Party]] leader Shadab Ahmed)<ref name="Jamia trail ends in hitmen cradle">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080920/jsp/nation/story_9861753.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204044655/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080920/jsp/nation/story_9861753.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2008|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) – Nation – Jamia trail ends in hitmen cradle|work=telegraphindia.com|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> was arrested while two hostiles managed to flee by possibly jumping the rooftops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080920/jsp/frontpage/story_9861297.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920123019/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080920/jsp/frontpage/story_9861297.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2008|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) – Frontpage – War in warren-like Delhi Blast suspects killed in gun battle|work=Telegraph India|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> All of the suspects were from the town of [[Sarai Mir]] in [[Azamgarh district]].<ref name="Jamia trail ends in hitmen cradle" /> They claimed to be students of Jamia Milia Islamia, but that was denied by the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=2&theme=&usrsess=1&id=223222|title=The Statesman|work=thestatesman.net|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201001042/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=2&theme=&usrsess=1&id=223222|archive-date=1 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The five were responsible for manufacturing bombs used in the Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Delhi blasts.

Atif claimed to have been studying for a diploma in [[human resources development]] from Jamia Milia Islamia University.<ref>[http://In.news.yahoo.com/32/20080920/1055/tnl-atif-didn-t-shy-from-tenant-verifica.html "Atif didn't shy from tenant verification"] {{Dead link|date=May 2015}}</ref> However,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/linked-to-lashkar-fan-of-osama-atif-was-.../363971/|title=Linked to Lashkar, fan of Osama, Atif was part of 14 behind blasts: police|work=The Indian Express|date=21 September 2008|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> Jamia Milia denied having him as a student. Some residents of Sarai Mir thought he was pursuing his bachelor's degree in technology from [[Jamia Hamdard]].<ref name="timesofindia. indiatimes. com">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Azamgarh-shocked-angry-over-news-of-Delhi-encounter/articleshow/3506464.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024142519/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-20/india/27898703_1_saif-sanjarpur-azamgarh|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Azamgarh shocked, angry over news of Delhi encounter|date=20 September 2008 |access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref>

Atif was said to have been the leader of a group of 14 young men from Azamgarh in Uttar Pradesh, all claiming to have been studying in Delhi: Atif, Sajid alias Pankaj (both now dead), Shehzad alias Pappu, Junaid, Shahdab Bhai alias Mallick, Sajid, Mohammad Khalid, Arif, Shakil, Zia Khan and Salman, Zeeshan and Mohammad Saif.

Zeeshan Jawed was arrested from the offices of a private TV station. He worked for a private company, Monarch International on Vikas Marg, and is also said to be studying management. Both he and Saif claim to have been recruited by Atif.

It is reported that Mohammad Saif has said that the plans to carry out several blasts across the country were mooted about three years ago when the Indian Mujahideen was formed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Serial-blasts-were-planned-in-2005/Article1-339240.aspx|title=Serial blasts were planned in 2005|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616214707/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Serial-blasts-were-planned-in-2005/Article1-339240.aspx|archive-date=16 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although the blasts spanned a period of 10 months (the first blasts took place in August 2007 in Hyderabad), the planning was made far back in 2005. After that a series of explosions occurred in Uttar Pradesh, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Delhi.

There is considerable resentment in Sarai Mir over the death of the local boys.<ref name="timesofindia. indiatimes. com" /> Villagers have blamed the media for giving a bad name to Azamgarh by calling it a "nursery of terror".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1191832/report-azamgarh-the-terror-nursery-in-eastern-up |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130819124442/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1191832/report-azamgarh-the-terror-nursery-in-eastern-up |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-08-19 |title=Azamgarh, the terror nursery in eastern UP – India – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |access-date=2013-08-19}}</ref> Mafia don [[Abu Salem]] hails from here. Azamgarh used to export its famous country-made pistols, known as "kattas", whose factories dot the region. The district was also known for young sharpshooters who joined Mumbai gangs. Individuals from the area have been accused of the murders of Bollywood producer [[Gulshan Kumar]] in Mumbai and Left leader [[Shankar Guha Niyogi]] in [[Chhattisgarh]].

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]]
* [[Students Islamic Movement of India]] (SIMI)
** [[Karnataka Forum for Dignity]], SIMI offshoot<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/nia-keen-to-probe-karnataka-students-kidnapmurder-case/812411/0|title=NIA keen to probe Karnataka students' kidnap-murder case – Indian Express|access-date=14 August 2017|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816123950/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/nia-keen-to-probe-karnataka-students-kidnapmurder-case/812411/0|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
* [[Popular Front of India]]
* [[Abdul Subhan Qureshi]]
* [[Inter-Services Intelligence activities in India]]
* [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism]]

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |author=[[Shishir Gupta]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivBtuAAACAAJ |title=The Indian Mujahideen: The Enemy Within |date=2011 |publisher=[[Hachette India]] |isbn=9789350092521 |pages=}}
* {{cite book |author1=V. S. Subrahmanian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XREJAgAAQBAJ |title=Indian Mujahideen: Computational Analysis and Public Policy |author2=[[Aaron Mannes]] |author3=Animesh Roul |author4=[[R. K. Raghavan]] |date=2013 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=978-3-319-02818-7 |pages=}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=414 Students Islamic Movement of India and the Indian Mujahideen: An Assessment] by [[C. Christine Fair]] ([[National Bureau of Asian Research|Asia Policy]], January 2010)
* [https://trackingterrorism.org/group/indian-mujahideen/ Indian Mujahideen] at the Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium
* [https://www.satp.org/terrorist-profile/india-islamistotherconflicts/students-islamic-movement-of-india-or-indian-mujahideen Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) / Indian Mujahideen] at the South Asia Terrorism Portal
* [https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results.aspx?expanded=no&casualties_type=b&casualties_max=&dtp2=all&success=yes&perpetrator=30036&ob=GTDID&od=desc&page=1&count=100#results-table Attacks involving Indian Mujahideen] at the [[Global Terrorism Database]]

{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:Indian Mujahideen| ]]
[[Category:Anti-Hindu violence in India]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in India]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand]]
[[Category:Religious organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]

Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath

2026-01-18T21:39:14Z

Goandamanholidays: New first pg basic info

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Ramleela
| image =
| caption =
| genre = Drama
| director = Ashim Sen
| creative_director = Kailash Gandhi and Soniya Kulkarni
| producer = Wizcraft International Andre Timmins Viraf Sarkari Sabbas Joseph
| open_theme = ''Ramleela Ramleela''
| presenter = [[Ajay Devgn]]
| writer = Neerav Ghosh [[Swanand Kirkire]] Manoj Muntashar Nilay Upadhyay
| starring = [[Ramleela Ajay Devgn ke Saath#Cast|see below]]
| executive_producer = Prita Agni
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 5
| runtime = About 47 minutes
| network = [[Life OK]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2012|10|21}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2012|11|18}}
}}

'''''Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath''''' ({{translation}} ''[[Ramleela]] – With Ajay Devgn''), commonly known as '''''Ramleela''''', is a mythological on-stage musical drama, based on the Indian epic poem ''[[Ramayan]]''. The show premiered on 21 October 2012 on [[Life OK]] and completed the story in five episodes on 18 November 2012. The show was narrated by [[Bollywood]] actor [[Ajay Devgn]], who provided a prologue at the beginning of each episode or act. The show aired during the period from [[Dussehra]] (the day [[Rama]] killed [[Ravana]]) in October till [[Diwali]] in November (the day Rama returned to [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], after 14 years of exile).

The show was divided into 5- to 10-minute skits combined with songs and dances performed by the main cast and other actors. Bollywood actors and [[Indian television]] stars played the roles of the characters. The grand sets and choreographer Remo D'Souza were much appreciated.<ref name="CNN IBN" />

==Plot==
Sage [[Vishwamitra]]'s rituals are plagued by demons. Young princes [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] (sons of King [[Dasharatha]] of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]) of Ayodhya battle and defeat the demons once and for all. The sage then travels with the brothers to the kingdom of [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithila]]. In Mithila, princess [[Sita]] prays to Goddess [[Parvati|Gauri]] for a good husband and meets Rama in the garden. The two instantly fall in love with each other. Sita's father, King [[Janaka]] organizes a ''Swyamvar'' to find a suitor for his daughter. As per the condition, the one who is able to mount an arrow on the mythical bow of Lord [[Shiva]] shall marry Sita. At the ceremony, only Ram is successful and he marries Sita.

In Rama's state, [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], maidservant [[Manthara]] poisons Queen [[Kaikeyi]]'s (King Dasharatha's third and last wife) mind in asking King Dashratha for her two pending boons —to make her son Bharat the next king of Ayodhya and to exile Rama from Ayodhya for the next 14 years. With a heavy heart, King Dashrath exiles his sons Rama. Rama's half-brother, Lakshman, and wife Sita also accompany him. Stricken with grief, obedient half-brother [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]] begins to rule Ayodhya under the name of rightful King Rama, who begins his exile in Panchvati.

After 12 years, Ram, Lakshman, and Sita are well acquainted with the forest. But they are yet to meet the most feared villain of all times - [[Ravana]]. One day Ravana's sister, Surpanakha accidentally meets Rama and gets attracted to him. However, when he refuses, she advances to kill Sita but Lakshmana cuts her nose. Hearing this, an enraged Raavan remembers his shameful defeat in the court of Mithila, years ago, during Sita's ''Swayamvar''. He disguises as a sage, tricks Ram and Lakshmana into leaving their hut, and abducts Sita in their absence. Ram and Lakshman arrive in time to find a fatally hurt [[Jatayu]] near their hut, who tells them about Sita's abduction.

On the other hand, [[Hanuman]] is in search of two young boys, who are known to have entered the forest of Kishkinda with bows and arrows. While on the lookout, his cronies locate Ram and Lakshman. Hanuman disguises as a sage and approaches them to find out that they are Rama and Lakshmana. When he learns this, his happiness knows no bounds.

With Hanuman's alliance, Ram and Lakshman help [[Sugreeva]] free the kingdom of Kishkindha and his wife, from his traitor brother [[Vali (Ramayana)|Bali]], in return for which, Sugreeva provides his army, the "Vaanar Sena" to search for Sita. They learn from the deceased Jatayu's brother Sampati that Sita has been imprisoned in the ''Ashok Vatika'' of Raavan's [[Lanka]]. Here in Lanka, Raavan threatens Sita, that if she doesn't accept him within a month, he will devour her rightfully.

Hanuman flies over the ocean and lands in Lanka. He successfully reaches the Ashok Vatika, where he imparts Ram's message to a distraught Sita. As he leaves, he destroys the Ashok Vatika to teach Raavan a lesson. Raavan's demons and sons capture Hanuman. Raavan orders his clergies to kill the monkey, but Vibhishan brings to his notice that it is Raavan's own rule that a king can punish a messenger, but not kill him. Raavan agrees upon this and asks his clergies to set fire to Hanuman's tail. As the clergies do so, Hanuman fights everyone and sets Lanka afire with his burning tail.

Hanuman comes back and they gear up to go to Lanka and fight against Raavan for his evil deed. They throw huge boulders into the ocean water, with "Shree Ram" written over them, and thus they make their way towards Lanka. While in Lanka, Lord Vishnu's greatest devotee, Vibhishan is worried about what will happen if Ram himself comes to Lanka. When he tries to bring his fears to Raavan's notice, Raavan tries to tempt Vibhishan with his wealth but when he fails, he kicks Vibhishan out of Lanka. But Ram greets [[Vibhishana]] in his army with great respect and honor.

A fierce battle sets, where Raavan's son, [[Meghanad]] fights [[Angada]], Vibhishan, and [[Jambavan]] and defeats them. As Ram sets out to fight him, Lakshman chooses to fight instead and gets fatally injured in the attempt. A distraught Ram calls for help. Vaid Sushenu of Lanka arrives and examines Lakshman, only to admit that he is severely injured, and only a herb called "Sanjeevani", located in the mountain ranges of Himalayas can save his life. Ram requests Hanuman to get the herb in time, which Hanuman readily agrees to and sets out immediately. But in the mountain ranges, Hanuman faces a challenge when the mountain asks him to answer certain questions before they tell him the location of the herb. As Hanuman notices that time is running out, he lifts the mountain and flies his way back with it and saves Lakshman's life.

Just before the war, Raavan asks his soldiers to wake up his brother, [[Kumbhakarana]], who has been sleeping for 6 months. After he wakes up he fights Ram in the battlefield but is killed.
Ravan also receives the news of Meghnad's death. Raavan's wife [[Mandodari]] breaks down as she hears this, and tries convincing her husband to return Sita but Raavan ignores her pleas. In the battlefield, Ravana fights Ram and his army, and after much of a showdown, Vibhishan tells Ram the secret of Raavan's survival. Ram sets a bow towards Raavan's belly and kills him.

After the battle, Ram and Sita finally meet and everyone returns to Ayodhya, where the royal family and especially, Bharat are awaiting their arrival. The city of Ayodhya rejoices their beloved king's arrival and celebrates [[Diwali]] on the occasion.

==Cast==
*[[Ajay Devgn]] as Narrator
*[[Rajneesh Duggal]] as [[Rama]] sita's husband
*[[Richa Pallod]] as [[Sita]], Rama's wife
*[[Aniruddh Singh]] as [[Lakshmana]], Urmila's husband
*[[Suhasi Goradia Dhami]] as [[Urmila (Ramayana)|Urmila]], Lakshman's wife
*[[Mahesh Thakur]] as [[Janaka]] Sita and Urmila's father
*
*[[Eva Ahuja]] as [[Kaushalya]] Dashrath's 1st wife
* [[Khushboo Grewal]] as [[Kaikeyi]] king Dashrath's 2nd wife
*[[Abhishek Avasthi]] as [[Hanuman]]
*[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] as [[Ravana]]<ref name="Best Media Info">{{Cite web |title=Ramleela on Life OK rides on by heavyweights as lead cast |url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2012/10/ramleela-on-life-ok-rides-on-by-heavyweights-as-lead-cast/ |publisher=Best Media Info}}</ref>
*[[Sanjeeda Sheikh]] as [[Surpanakha]] (Human form)<ref name="CNN IBN">{{Cite web |title=Sanjeeda Sheikh plays Surpanakha in Ram Leela |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sanjeeda-sheikh-plays-surpanakha-in-ram-leela/302549-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101740/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sanjeeda-sheikh-plays-surpanakha-in-ram-leela/302549-44-124.html |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=26 November 2012 |publisher=CNN IBN}}</ref>
* Mamta Rathod as Surpanakha (Rakshasa form)
*[[Bharat Kundra]] as Prince [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]]
*[[Yatin Karyekar]] as [[Dasharatha]] Kaushalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra's husband
*[[Usha Nadkarni]] as [[Manthara|Manthra]]
*Priyank Tatariya as Sage [[Vishwamitra]]
*Shampa as [[Lankini]] 1
*Kruti as Lankini 2
*Mayuresh Wadekar as [[Angada]]
*[[Jaya Bhattacharya]] as [[Mandodari]] Ravana's wife
* [[Amit Pachori]] as [[Vibhishana]]
*Nabeel Qureshi as [[Jatayu]]
*Saifullah Rahamani as [[Sugreeva]]
*Deepak Tokas as [[Meghanad]]
*Mohd. Islahuddeen Shaikh as [[Kumbhakarna|Kumbhkaran]]

===Musical cast===
*[[Rahul Vaidya]] as a voice of Rama
*[[Madhushree]] as a voice of Sita
*[[Sadhna Sargam]] as a voice of Urmila
*[[Vijay Prakash]]

==Music==
Music is composed by various composers from Bollywood. Composers include [[Anu Malik]], Piyush Kanojia, Sidharth - Suhas, Raju Singh, Yogesh Pradhan, Sanjeev Thomas, Mukesh Parmar and Gulraj Singh Ghumman. Lyrics were penned by [[Swanand Kirkire]], [[Roop (songwriter)|Roop]], [[Rajshekhar]], and Kausar Munim.

===Songs===
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Song !! Artist(s)!! Composer
|-
| 1
| ''Ramleela Ramleela'' (the title track)
| Various artists
| [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| 2
| ''[[Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram|Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram]]''
| Various artists
| Raju Singh
|-
| 3
| ''Laagi Re Laagi Lagan'' (for [[Sita]]'s ''[[Swayamvar]]'')
| Saurabh Shrivastav, Aditi Paul, [[Shail Hada]], Hricha Narayan, Ravinder Upadhyay, Deepak Joshi, [[Manish Joshi]]
| Yogesh Pradhan
|-
| 4
| ''[[Chaupai (poetry)|Choupaiyaa]]''
| [[Vijay Prakash]]
| Sidharth - Suhas
|-
| 5
| ''Jaao Na Morey Piya''
| [[Sadhna Sargam]]
| Piyush Kanojia
|-
| 6
| ''Zindagi''
| Various artists
| Sidharth - Suhas
|-
| 7
| ''Main Hoon Raavan''
| Shail Hada, Saurabh Shrivastav, Dipali Sathe
| Yogesh Pradhan
|-
| 8
| ''Main Kahe Kanwari'' (for [[Surpanakha]])
| [[Neeti Mohan]]
| Sanjeev Thomas
|-
| 9
| ''Jai Jai Jai Hanuman''
| [[Raman Mahadevan]], Ritika Das, Abhirup Dass, Ameya Mahalaxmikar, Dhanashree Pawar, Ananya Guha, Siddhi Vetal
| Gulraj Singh Ghumman
|-
| 10
| ''Mayavi Lanka Raavan Ki'' (for [[Lankini]])
| [[Khushboo Jain]], Utsav Bangia, Shriram
| Sidharth - Suhas
|-
| 11
| ''Mayavi Lanka Raavan Ki'' (for [[Vibhishana]])
| Various artists
| Sidharth - Suhas
|-
| 12
| ''Haiyya Re Haiyya Re''
| Siddharth Mahadevan, Arsalaan Akhoon, Rajeev Sundaresan, Arnab Dutta
| Gulraj Singh Ghumman
|-
| 13
| ''Sia Ram Hanuman''
| [[Swaroop Khan]], Naresh Chatterjee, Sanjeev Thomas
| Sanjeev Thomas
|-
| 14
| ''Kumbhakarana''
| Aman Prikha, Shivam Pathak, Mukesh Parmar
| Mukesh Parmar
|-
| 15
| ''Siyavar Ram Laye Ujiyale''
| Various artists
| Raju Singh
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.lifeok.com/myshow.aspx?pid=112 Official website @ lifeok.com]
* [http://www.startv.in/shows.asp?serialid=467&channel_id=17 Website @ startv.in]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Life OK Programmes}}
{{Ajay Devgan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramleela - Ajay Devgn Ke Saath}}
[[Category:2012 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2010s Indian television miniseries]]
[[Category:Life OK original programming]]
[[Category:Ajay Devgn]]
[[Category:Television series based on the Ramayana]]

Sarupathar

2026-01-18T14:51:15Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sarupathar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Sub-Divisional Headquarter
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.194053|N|93.866083|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =Sarupathar Municipal Corporation
| leader_party =
| leader_title = SUB-DIVISIONAL OFFICER(Civil)
| leader_name = Dr P Uday Praveen IAS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =3.5
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10827
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics2_title1 = Other
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali, Hindi, Nepali, Jain, etc]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[785601|PIN]]
| postal_code = 785601
| area_code = 03774
| registration_plate =AS-05
| unemployment_rate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
}}
'''Sarupathar''' is a town and the Sub-Divisional headquarter of Dhansiri Sub-Division in [[Golaghat district]] in the state of [[Assam]], [[India]].

==Etymology==
In assamese, 'Xoru/Saru' means 'Small in Size', 'Pothaar/Pathar' means 'Paddy Fields'.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sarupathar had a population of 10,827. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Sarupathar has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Sarupathar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. A majority of Assamese and Bengali live here with major other communities like Marwari, Manipuri, Tea-Labourer Community, Muslim, Kochari and few others live here. The majority of Sarupathar's population are Hindu, but other religions like Islam, Buddhism, Christianity are also found here.

==Government & Politics==
Sarupathar is part of [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency]]. The current Member of Parliament representing Kaziranga is [[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]. The current Member of Legislative Assembly representing Sarupathar is Biswajit Phukan.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://myneta.info/Assam2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=67
|title = BISWAJIT PHUKAN SARUPATHAR (DHANSIRI)
|accessdate = 2021-05-11
|publisher = Myneta
}}</ref>

===Local Administration===
The Sarupathar Municipal Corporation is responsible for the maintaining town's civic infrastructure as well as carrying out associated administrative duties. The Town Committee is constituted by elected members from each wards. The entire town has been divided into four wards, and one member is elected from each ward. One ward is reserved for women. The term is for a five-year duration after which elections are held once again.

==Education==
Under the 10+2 format, students attend primary and secondary schooling during the first ten years and then two years of higher secondary education, followed by three years at college for commerce or arts degrees.

===Schools===
There are three government high schools and several govt. Lower Primary (LP) and Middle English (ME) Schools in the heart of Sarupathar Town. The high schools are viz'''.''' P M Shri Sarupathar Higher Secondary School, Kalibari High School & Sarupathar Girls' High School. '''P M Shri Sarupathar Higher Secondary School''' is the oldest school of Sarupathar. Founded by Jogeshwar Chetia in 1956.

The private English medium schools are '''Bolosing Memorial School''' (BMS), '''Dayanand Vidya Niketan''' (DVN), '''Don Bosco High School, Daffodil English High School, Keshav Chandra Hazarika Memorial School''' (KCH) and '''Marvel Minds Academy.''' The only private assamese medium school in the town is '''Sankardev Sishu Niketan.''' Dayanand Vidya Niketan was founded by '''Mr. Shivaji Rai''' in the year 1990. Bolosing Memorial School was also founded by '''Mr. Shivaji Rai''' in the year 1993. Both DVN and BMS are among the schools in the town. Marvel Minds Academy, was established in the year 2016.

===College===
There are three colleges in Sarupathar '''Sarupathar College''', '''Ideal Junior College'''and'''Swahid Kushal Konwar Girls College''' The biggest and the oldest college is the Sarupathar College which was established in 1070. Sarupathar College, affiliated to Dibrugarh University, offers various courses in Commerce and Arts.It also has study centre of KKHSOU which offers various PG courses in distant modes.

==Notable people==
* [[Kushal Konwar]], Freedom Fighter

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Golaghat district]]
[[Category:Golaghat district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Asis Datta

2026-01-11T01:10:52Z

Goandamanholidays: put up new stub basic info

{{short description|Indian biochemist and molecular biologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Asis Datta
| birth_date = 2 February 1944
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = [[Molecular biologist]] [[Geneticist]]
| yearsactive = Since 1964
| spouse = Kasturi Datta
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Padma Bhushan]] [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] [[TWAS Prize]] Goyal Prize Guha Memorial Award G. D. Birla Award Dr. Nitya Anand Endowment Award [[Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry|FICCI]] Award Ranbaxy Award D. M. Bose Gold Medal Indira Priyadarshini Award R. D. Birla Award Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centenary Award SBC Lifetime Achievement Award [[P. C. Mahalanobis]] Memorial Award Asutosh Mookerjee Medal [[Indian Science Congress|ISC]] Lifetime Achievement Award BRS Lifetime achievement Award Priyadarshini Gold Medal G. M. Modi Science Award
}}
'''Asis Datta''' is an Indian [[biochemist]], [[molecular biologist]] and [[Genetic engineering|genetic engineer]], known for his research on [[genetically modified foods]] and food nutritional security.<ref name="INSA Fellow">{{cite web|url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0992 |title=INSA Fellow |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |date=2015 |access-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812233252/http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0992 |archive-date=12 August 2016 }}</ref><ref name="NISCAIR profile">{{cite web|url=http://scm.niscair.res.in/videos/324/prof.-asis-datta,-emeritus-scientist,-nipgr. |title=NISCAIR profile |publisher=National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources |work=Web Cache |date=2015 |access-date=1 November 2015 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was the founding Director of the [[National Institute of Plant Genome Research]] and is credited with the discovery of genes that assist in extended preservation of fruits and vegetables.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /><ref name="NISCAIR profile" /> He is a recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award]], the highest Indian award and in the Science category,<ref name="SSB Prize list of awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=SSB Prize list of awardees | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> and was awarded the fourth highest civilian award of the [[Padma Shri]], by the [[Government of India]], in 1999.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> In 2008, he was included again in the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] list for the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" />

== Biography ==
Datta, born on 2 February 1944,<ref name="IAS Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows | title=IAS Fellow | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> secured a PhD from [[Calcutta University]] for his doctoral work done at [[Bose Institute]]. He later followed it up by obtaining the degree of [[Doctor of Science]] (DSc) from [[Calcutta University]].<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> His doctoral work at [[Bose Institute]] was facilitated by a fellowship from the Government of India from 1964 to 1968. After this he moved to New York as a research associate at the [[Public Health Research Institute]] to continue research till 1971.<ref name="NIPGR profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.nipgr.res.in/research/prof_adatta.php | title=NIPGR profile | publisher=National Institute of Plant Genome Research | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> His next move was to the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], as assistant virologist, where he spent three years.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/faculty/adatta/CV.pdf | title=Jawaharlal Nehru University profile | publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702190900/http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/adatta/CV.pdf | archive-date=2 July 2016 }}</ref> Returning to India in 1975, he joined [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) at its [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|School of Life Sciences]] and rose to the rank of a professor in 1978. He held several positions at JNU such as that of the dean from 1983 to 1985 and that of the rector from 1993 to 1996,<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> eventually becoming the vice chancellor of the university in 1996 and holding the post till 2002. During this period, he also served as visiting scientist at [[Roche Institute of Molecular Biology]] for two academic years, 1976–77 and 1980–81.<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> In 2002, when the National Centre for Plant Genome Research was upgraded as an autonomous institution under a new name, ''National Institute of Plant Genome Research'', Datta was appointed as its founder director.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> He worked at the institute till his superannuation in 2008.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> At the end of his official career, he was recognized as the emeritus professor by the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]]<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> and as the distinguished emeritus scientist and professor emeritus by the National Institute of Plant Genome Research.<ref name="Professors Emeritus/Emerita">{{cite web|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/Administration/ProfessorEmeritus.asp |title=Professors Emeritus/Emerita |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University |date=2015 |access-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115201938/http://www.jnu.ac.in/Administration/ProfessorEmeritus.asp |archive-date=15 November 2015 }}</ref>

== Positions ==
Datta has been associated with several central and state government and government-aided autonomous bodies in various positions. He chaired the ''Recruitment Assessment Board'' of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) from 2003 to 2006 and has held the chair of the Integrated Long Term Programme (ILTP) of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]].<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> He was the chairman of Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of the [[National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases]], [[Kolkata]] from 2005 to 2007 and has been holding the chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research#ICMR Centers|Vector Control Research Centre]], [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] from 2007 till date.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> He has served as a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the [[Prime Minister of India]] and was involved in the [[Five-Year Plans of India#Tenth Plan .282002.E2.80.932007.29|Tenth Five–Year Plan of India]] as a member of the Steering Committee on Science and Technology of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]. He was also a member of the Steering Committee of Biotechnology of the states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" />

Datta was the president of the Society of Biological Chemists in 2000 and the [[Indian Science Congress]] from 2003–2004 term.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> He sat in the governing body of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] and the steering committee of the National Bioresource Board. He was associated with the [[Indian National Science Academy]] as its council member (2002–2004) and vice president, and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (NASI) as its president (2009–2011).<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> He served the Governing Bodies of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) (2007–2010) and the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR) 2007–2010, and has chaired the Biomedical Board of the latter.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> He has been a member of the Science and Technology Forum, Japan, the Review Committee of ICMR, the ICAR Society and the Board of Governors of the [[ICFAI University, Dehradun]] and the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati]].<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> He sits in the general bodies of [[National Institute of Technology, Silchar]] and the [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research]], Chennai. He is also a [[President of India|President's]] nominee at [[University of Delhi]], [[Central University of Hyderabad]], [[Northeastern University]].<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" />

== Career ==
[[File:Human tongue infected with oral candidiasis.jpg|thumb|120px|Human tongue infected with oral candidiasis]]
Besides his academic contributions as a teacher, Datta is reported to have contributed in developing the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] by establishing schools and centres of excellence within the university.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> He is also credited with pioneering researches in the field of [[molecular biology]]. His researches on [[Candida albicans]], a pathogenic variety of [[fungus]] which causes [[candidiasis]], an infection to humans, have assisted in designing a drug to combat the disease.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /><ref name="1996 TWAS Award Winners">{{cite web | url=http://twas.org/recipients-twas-awards-and-prizes | title=1996 TWAS Award Winners | publisher=The World Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> The team led by him have carried out biological researches which have applications in the fields of agriculture, medicine, science and industry; discovery of genes which helps in extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and development of genetically modified food are two such applications.<ref name="NIPGR profile" /><ref name="1996 TWAS Award Winners" /> His team was successful in receiving US patents, the first time an Indian firm receiving US patent for genes.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> His researches on the ''structure-function-application'' of eukaryotic genes paved way for the creation of the ''National Institute of Plant Genome Research'', the first institute in India for genetic research.<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> He has published several articles, documenting his researches, in peer reviewed journals and [[Google Scholar]] has listed 226 of them, with an [[h-index]] of 20 and i10-index of 35 (since 2010).<ref name="Google Scholar profile">{{cite web | url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3WwX2xoAAAAJ&hl=en | title=Google Scholar profile | publisher=Google Scholar | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> He holds 7 Indian patents, 5 US patents and 5 patents of other countries for his research findings.<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> He has also mentored over 45 research scholars in their doctoral research.<ref name="INSA Fellow" />

== Awards and honours ==
Datta is an elected Fellow of all the three major Indian science academies, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1988), [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (1991)<ref name="NASI Fellow">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=D |title=NASI Fellow |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |date=2015 |access-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717020647/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=D |archive-date=17 July 2015 }}</ref> and [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (1992)<ref name="TWAS Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://twas.org/member/datta-asis | title=TWAS Fellow | publisher=The World Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS) also elected him as their Fellow in 1998.<ref name="TWAS Fellow" /> [[University of Burdwan]] conferred the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa) on him in 2002, and [[Bidhan Chandra Agricultural University]], [[Vidyasagar University]] and [[Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla University]] also awarded DSc to him in 2004, 2008 and 2017.<ref name="INSA Fellow" />

While working as a Professor at JNU, Datta was awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], the highest Indian science award, by the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], in 1980.<ref name="SSB Prize list of awardees" /> Towards the end of 1980s and in early 90s, he received three awards, namely, ''Guha Memorial Award'' (1988), the inaugural ''G. D. Birla Award for Science and Technology'' (1991) and ''Dr. Nitya Anand Endowment Award'' of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1993).<ref name="INSA Fellow" /> The [[Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] awarded him their annual honour for research and development in Life Sciences in 1994 and he received the [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] in 1995.<ref name="Om Prakash Bhasin Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.opbfawards.com/biotechnology.html | title=Om Prakash Bhasin Award | publisher=Om Prakash Bhasin Foundation | date=2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> The [[TWAS Prize]] of [[the World Academy of Sciences]] reached him in 1996,<ref name="1996 TWAS Award Winners" /> the same year as he received three more awards, ''Goyal Prize'', ''Ranbaxy Award'' in Medical Sciences and ''D. M Bose Gold Medal'' of the Indian Science News Association.<ref name="NIPGR profile" />

The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 1999; they would honour him again in 2008 with the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" /> He received the ''R. D Birla Award'' for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2001, ''Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centenary Award'' for Excellence in Biomedical Research of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] in 2003 and the Lifetime Achievement of the Society of Biological Chemists in 2005.<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> He was again honoured the same year by the [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal Government]] with [[P. C. Mahalanobis]] Memorial award. The [[Indian Science Congress]] awarded him the ''Asutosh Mookerjee Medal'', the same year and followed it up with the Lifetime Achievement award in 2006.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" /> The year 2011 also brought him three awards, namely, Lifetime Achievement award of the Biotech Research Society, ''Priyadarshini Gold Medal'' and ''G. M. Modi Science Award''.<ref name="NIPGR profile" /> He has also delivered several award orations; Sir Amulya Rattan Oration, Bashambar Nath Chopra Lecture and Sir Edward Melbary Oration are a few among them.<ref name="Jawaharlal Nehru University profile" />

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Bose Institute]]
* [[Public Health Research Institute]]
* [[Genetically modified food]]
* [[Alok Bhattacharya]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0_D52LJYNY | title=100 Voices on the future of genomics: Prof. Asis Datta, NIPGR, India | publisher=ICRISAT Co | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=8 July 2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Datta, Asis}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Indian biotechnologists]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]

Jawan Sikandpur

2025-12-29T18:57:53Z

Goandamanholidays: created a stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jawan Sikandpur
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town & Block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.95|N|78.17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Aligarh
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Nagar panchayat]]

| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 202126<ref>{{Cite web | title=Chicken road game challenge inspired by Chicken Road | url=http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttar-pradesh/aligarh.htm | access-date=2025-12-29 | website=www.whereincity.com}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 248
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Aligarh
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Barauli, Uttar Pradesh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baruli]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jawan Sikandpur''' is a town in [[Aligarh district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].It is located at a distance of 16 km from Aligarh on Aligarh Moradabad Highway.

==Education==
[[File:Ciic.JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Chauhan Indravati Inter College at Jawan Sikandpur]]
Jawan Sikandarpur has only one college [[Chauhan Indravati Inter College]] located at the Cummunical Health Centre (CHC), Anupshahar Road.

==Notable people==
* [[Nawab Singh Chauhan]], member of the [[6th Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2341.htm |title= Members Bioprofile |accessdate= 12 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183845/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2341.htm |archive-date= 16 April 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jawan Vajidpur]]
* [[Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant]]
* [[Kasimpur Power House]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:An old building at Jawan.JPG|thumbnail|150px|a picture of an old building at Jawan Sikandpur.]]
{{Aligarh district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Aligarh district]]
[[Category:Villages in Aligarh district]]

{{Aligarh-geo-stub}}

Shesha Jayaram

2025-12-28T16:03:24Z

Goandamanholidays: new the page w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian-Canadian power engineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=July 2024}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=July 2024}}
{{CS1 config|mode=cs2}}
'''Sheshakamal''' ('''Shesha''') '''H. Jayaram''' is an Indian-Canadian power engineer specializing in [[high voltage]] systems, in advanced materials for high-voltage [[Insulator (electricity)|insulation]], and in the application of high voltage pulses in [[food processing]]. She is a professor and university research chair of electrical and computer engineering at the [[University of Waterloo]].{{r|profile}}

==Education and career==
Jayaram received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from [[Bangalore University]] in India in 1980, and a master's degree in high voltage engineering from the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in Bangalore in 1983. She came to Canada for doctoral study in engineering at the University of Waterloo, where she completed her Ph.D. in 1990.{{r|profile}}

After two years as an assistant professor at the [[University of Western Ontario]], she returned to the University of Waterloo as a faculty member in 1992.{{r|profile}} She served as president of the Electrostatics Society of America from 2015 to 2019.{{r|esa-pres}}

==Recognition==
Jayaram received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]], an award of the [[Karnataka]] state of India, in 1998.{{r|pesg}}

She was named an [[IEEE Fellow]] in 2008, "for contributions to the use of high voltage in process technology".{{r|ieee-fellow}}

The Electrostatics Society of America gave her their Distinguished Service Award in 2020, and their Lifetime Achievement Award in 2021.{{r|esa-awards}} She was the 2023 recipient of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Outstanding Achievement Award.{{r|ias}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name=esa-awards>{{citation|url=https://electrostatics.org/awards/|title=Awards|publisher=Electrostatics Society of America|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

<ref name=esa-pres>{{citation|url=https://electrostatics.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/previous_officers.pdf|title=Previous officers|publisher=Electrostatics Society of America|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

<ref name=ias>{{citation|url=https://ias.ieee.org/awards/ias-outstanding-achievement-award/|title=IAS Outstanding Achievement Award|work=IEEE Industry Applications Society|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

<ref name=ieee-fellow>{{citation|url=https://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/home.html|title=IEEE Fellows directory|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

<ref name=pesg>{{citation|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/power-energy-systems-group/profiles/shesha-jayaram|title=Shesha Jayaram|work=Power and Energy Systems Group|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

<ref name=profile>{{citation|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/electrical-computer-engineering/profile/jayaram|title=Sheshakamal Jayaram, Professor|work=Electrical and computer engineering faculty and staff|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
*[https://uwaterloo.ca/high-voltage-engineering-laboratory/ High Voltage Engineering Laboratory] at Waterloo
*{{Google Scholar id|zY7cogAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Shesha}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Canadian women engineers]]
[[Category:Indian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Women electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Bangalore University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]

Moods Condoms

2025-12-14T17:53:27Z

Goandamanholidays:

{{refimprove|date=October 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian contraceptive manufacturer}}
{{Infobox brand
| name = Moods Condoms
| logo =
| image = Moods Condoms logo.JPG
| caption =
| type =
| currentowner = HLL Lifecare Limited
| origin = [[India]] (Headquartered in [[Trivandrum]])
| introduced = {{launch date and age|df=yes|1968}}
| country = Triv
| markets = 30 countries
| previousowners =
| trademarkregistrations =
| ambassadors =
| tagline =
| website = [http://www.moodsplanet.com/ moodsplanet.com]
}}'''Moods Condoms''' is a manufacturer of [[condom]]s made from natural rubber latex. It is manufactured by [[HLL Lifecare Limited]], [[Trivandrum]], an undertaking by the [[Government of India]]. HLL was established in 1966 with the objective of producing condoms for the National Family Planning Program. Moods Condoms came into existence in mid-1968, when [[HLL Lifecare Limited]] decided to develop a product to target the premium and upper middle class segment of the urban population in India. HLL is one of the world's largest manufacturers of condoms. As of December 2012, its annual production totals around 800 million pieces across the globe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About India's no. 1 best seller condom - Moods Condom |url=https://www.moodsplanet.com/about-us.php|access-date=2025-09-09 |website=About Moods Condom |language=en-gb}}</ref>

==Branding==
The logo of the brand '''OO''' represents the bonding between couples. It has diversified into several variants. The range includes close to twenty variants.

==See also==
*[[KamaSutra (brand)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.moodsplanet.com/ Moods official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015912/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news/30485791_1_hll-lifecare-m-ayyappan-brand The Economic Times]

{{condom}}

[[Category:Condom brands]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Companies based in Thiruvananthapuram]]

Rentachintala

2025-12-03T05:38:06Z

Goandamanholidays: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rentachintala
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =

| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5525|N|79.5533|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 

| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Rentachintala

| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archivedate=18 August 2017 |page=116 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Rentachintala [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Guntur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=7 May 2019 |pages=14,426 }}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 2170

| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=667855 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 16523
| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522421
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = 08642
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP 07
}}

'''Rentachintala''' is a village in [[Palnadu district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Rentachintala [[mandal]] of [[Gurazala revenue division]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New Gurazala revenue division created|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/new-gurazala-revenue-division-created/article4868383.ece|accessdate=17 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=1 July 2013|location=Gurazala (Guntur District)}}</ref><ref name="census" />

== Geography and climate ==
Rentachintala is located near latitude 16.55 N and longitude 79.55 E. The village lies in the [[Krishna River]] plains, having an elevation of {{convert|130|m|ft}} above sea level. The nearest large water body is the Nagarjuna Sagar dam and reservoir, about {{convert|25|km}} west of Rentachintala.

Rentachintala has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]]. The highest temperatures are experienced in the month of May, when the summer season is at its peak. The maximum temperature averages more than 40 degrees, occasionally reaching as high as 45 degrees.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five hottest places in India you might not know about|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/the-hottest-cities-in-india-291205-2015-05-27|access-date=26 November 2015|work=IndiaToday.in|date=27 May 2015}}</ref> The highest temperature ever recorded is 48 degrees Celsius in 2012. Winters are pleasant, with occasional spells of rain from the northwest monsoon.

{{Weather box
| location = Rentachintala (1991–2020, extremes 1936–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 37.4
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Mar record high C = 44.4
| Apr record high C = 46.6
| May record high C = 49.9
| Jun record high C = 47.9
| Jul record high C = 42.2
| Aug record high C = 40.1
| Sep record high C = 42.1
| Oct record high C = 41.0
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 49.9
| Jan high C = 31.3
| Feb high C = 33.9
| Mar high C = 37.4
| Apr high C = 40.0
| May high C = 41.9
| Jun high C = 38.0
| Jul high C = 34.9
| Aug high C = 33.7
| Sep high C = 34.1
| Oct high C = 32.9
| Nov high C = 32.0
| Dec high C = 30.6
| year high C = 35.2
| Jan low C = 17.0
| Feb low C = 19.1
| Mar low C = 23.0
| Apr low C = 25.7
| May low C = 28.2
| Jun low C = 27.2
| Jul low C = 26.1
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 25.4
| Oct low C = 24.0
| Nov low C = 20.8
| Dec low C = 17.4
| year low C = 23.3
| Jan record low C = 7.3
| Feb record low C = 9.4
| Mar record low C = 15.0
| Apr record low C = 14.7
| May record low C = 18.3
| Jun record low C = 20.0
| Jul record low C = 19.2
| Aug record low C = 16.5
| Sep record low C = 18.8
| Oct record low C = 16.0
| Nov record low C = 12.2
| Dec record low C = 10.0
| year record low C = 7.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 4.9
| Feb rain mm = 7.5
| Mar rain mm = 2.5
| Apr rain mm = 7.0
| May rain mm = 15.8
| Jun rain mm = 61.8
| Jul rain mm = 108.1
| Aug rain mm = 132.1
| Sep rain mm = 102.6
| Oct rain mm = 87.5
| Nov rain mm = 22.4
| Dec rain mm = 5.2
| year rain mm = 557.5
| Jan rain days = 0.4
| Feb rain days = 0.5
| Mar rain days = 0.3
| Apr rain days = 0.6
| May rain days = 1.0
| Jun rain days = 3.7
| Jul rain days = 7.0
| Aug rain days = 7.8
| Sep rain days = 6.7
| Oct rain days = 4.7
| Nov rain days = 1.4
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 34.5
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 60
| Feb humidity = 52
| Mar humidity = 47
| Apr humidity = 43
| May humidity = 39
| Jun humidity = 50
| Jul humidity = 59
| Aug humidity = 63
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 68
| Nov humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 65
|year humidity = 56
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Rentachintala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 665–666
| accessdate = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M18
| accessdate = 19 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Rentachintala has a total population of 16,523. Males constitute 51% and females constitute 49% of the population. The literacy rate in Retachintala is 55.46%, lower than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is at 63.33% and female literacy is at 47.27%. Less than 1% of the population at Rentachintala is below 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|last=Census of India|title=Primary Census Abstract Data 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/final_pca.aspx|accessdate=5 May 2014}}</ref>

== Government and politics ==

Rentachintala [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref> The ward members are headed by a [[Sarpanch]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKEQxEtNR-AC&q=village%2520ward%2520member&pg=PA117|title=Social Science|publisher=Vk Publications|isbn=9788179732144|page=117|language=en}}</ref>

== In popular media and films ==
The village of Rentachintala is featured in [[Tollywood (Telugu)|Tollywood]] movie, [[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Palnadu district]]

Mahesh Aney

2025-11-14T21:54:57Z

Goandamanholidays: brief reworked lead per standard format and improved wording

{{short description|Indian cinematographer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2012}}
'''Mahesh Aney''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]] known for his work in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films.

==Career==
A [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII) graduate with specialization in cinematography, Mahesh Aney has shot more than a thousand commercials including some award-winning films for [[Pepsi]], [[Kellogg Company|Kellogg's]], [[Tata Steel]], Feviqik and [[Maggie noodles]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Aney: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Mahesh-Aney |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He runs his own production house and has produced more than fifty commercials for brands like [[Coca-Cola]], [[Vicks]], [[Onida Electronics|Onida]] TV, [[Nivea]] Cream, Cinthol Soap and [[Johnnie Walker Classic|Johnnie Walker]] Golf.

Renowned for his deft camera work, brilliant eye, and penchant for turning the mundane into the magical on screen, Aney has also conceptualized and directed extremely popular television shows like ''Movers & Shakers'', ''Bindaas Bol'', ''Kya Masti Kya Dhoom'' and ''Wajood'', which have won several awards. He has worked as a cinematographer on films like ''God Only Knows!'', ''Tum: A Dangerous Obsession'' and the now-classic ''[[Swades]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Aney who is director of photography on a film crew sets up a camera at the stands near the NASA News Center. |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/mahesh-aney-who-is-director-of-photography-on-a-film-crew-sets-up-a-camera-at-the-stands-near-the-nasa-news-center/6wGEqNfjH2TlQw |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mahesh Aney is married to Anjali Aney, has two children Aarti and Aditya, and lives in Mumbai.

==Filmography==
===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''God Only Knows!'' ||
|-
| ''[[Tum?: A Dangerous Obsession]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005 || ''[[Swades]]''|| Won - [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]]
|-
| ''The Hangman'' ||
|-
| 2007 || ''Don't Stop Dreaming'' ||
|-
| 2010 || [[Shukno Lanka|''Shukno Lanka'']]||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024 || [[Swargandharva Sudhir Phadke|''Swargandharva Sudhir Phadke'']]||
|-
|[[Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj: Chapter 1|''Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj: Chapter 1'']]
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Indian cinematographers]]
*[[Cinema of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1666123}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061216021707/http://www.swades.com/html/mahes.html Profile on Mahesh Aney] from the ''Swades'' official website

{{National Film Award Best Cinematography}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aney, Mahesh}}
[[Category:Marathi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Best Cinematography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Pass Pass Pulse

2025-10-27T01:25:19Z

Goandamanholidays: New the post nd citations

{{Infobox brand|name=Pass Pass Pulse|producttype=[[Confectionery]]|currentowner=Dharampal Satyapal Foods Ltd.|country=India|introduced=2015|markets=India & overseas countries|website={{URL|dsgroup.com}}}}'''Pass Pass Pulse''' (trade name: '''Pulse Candy''') is a hard-boiled candy<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=John |date=2016-04-19 |title=DS Group's Pulse candy hits Rs 100 crore in 8 months, equals Coke Zero's record |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/ds-groups-pulse-candy-hits-rs-100-crore-in-8-months-equals-coke-zeros-record/articleshow/51890893.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Mayank |date=2016-05-24 |title=Pulse of the people: A brand of Indian candy becomes an unlikely social media icon |url=https://scroll.in/article/807614/pulse-of-the-people-a-brand-of-indian-candy-becomes-an-unlikely-social-media-icon |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> manufactured by Dharampal Satyapal Foods Ltd.,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Sounak |date=21 October 2015 |title=Word of mouth sends demand soaring for Pulse candy |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/PqOACgao1xQlVTmRmTEYzN/Word-of-mouth-sends-demand-soaring-for-Pulse-candy.html |website=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-26 |title='PELSE/PLUS++ may deceive consumers': Delhi HC grants permanent injunction to PULSE candy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/pelse-plus-may-deceive-consumers-delhi-hc-grants-permanent-injunction-to-pulse-candy-8290735/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> a subsidiary of the Indian conglomerate [[Dharampal Satyapal Group]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite news |date=2024-09-04 |title=DS Group's Pulse Candy recognized by IIMA as a case study in marketing excellence |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/marketing-branding/marketing/ds-groups-pulse-candy-recognized-by-iima-as-a-case-study-in-marketing-excellence/articleshow/113059024.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Launched in 2015, the candy is flavored with raw mango and contains a tangy, spiced filling.<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Candy Rush: How Pulse Got It Right |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/candy-rush-how-pulse-got-it-right/44039/1 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=John |date=2017-06-09 |title=Pulse No. 1 in hard-boiled candy mkt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pulse-no-1-in-hard-boiled-candy-mkt/articleshow/59059970.cms |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== History ==
Pulse Candy was developed by DS Group’s product team between 2013 and 2015. It was test-marketed in April 2015 in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Delhi,<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2015 |title=Makers of Baba chewing tobacco now launch Pass Pass Pulse candies |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/makers-of-baba-chewing-tobacco-now-launch-pass-pass-pulse-candies-115090800811_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref> with later expansions into [[Maharashtra]]. The candy was priced at ₹1 per unit, double the price of many competitors’ products at the time.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Suchetana |title=Rs 300-cr Pulse candy success leaves sweet taste for Rajnigandha pan masala-makers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/rs-300-cr-pulse-candy-success-leaves-sweet-taste-for-rajnigandha-pan-masala-makers/story-NZoCVqy2xgfRelcdL2XwFN.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETBrandEquity.com |title=DS Group's Pulse Candy: The sweet that has set the candy market's pulse racing - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/ds-groups-pulse-candy-the-sweet-that-has-set-the-candy-markets-pulse-racing/51888159 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32"/> Initial production relied on contract manufacturers in Hyderabad, Rudrapur, Ahmedabad, and Jamnagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-18 |title=Pulse candy makers will now launch a masala mango juice to rival Frooti, Maaza and Slice |url=https://scroll.in/latest/816823/pulse-candy-makers-will-now-launch-a-masala-mango-juice-to-rival-frooti-maaza-and-slice |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

New flavors, including Guava and Orange,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tyagi |first=Neha |date=2016-02-15 |title=Pass Pass Pulse launches new guava flavour |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/pass-pass-pulse-launches-new-guava-flavour/articleshow/50997350.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Sounak |date=17 June 2016 |title=Parle tries to claw back ground lost to Pulse candy |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/gGDFSthkKF9jLW2tap6HeI/Parle-tries-to-claw-back-ground-lost-to-Pulse-candy.html |website=Mint}}</ref> were introduced in 2016, followed by Pineapple and Litchi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samosa |first=Social |date=2019-12-13 |title=Pulse Case Study: Decoding brand UGC strategy with #PulsePePulseChallenge |url=https://www.socialsamosa.com/2020/01/marketing-strategy-pulse-case-study/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.socialsamosa.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, the brand launched Pulse Shots, a smaller variant,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The delicious flavour of Pulse now launched in Pulse Shots! |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/the-delicious-flavour-of-pulse-now-launched-in-pulse-shots/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617045827/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/the-delicious-flavour-of-pulse-now-launched-in-pulse-shots/ |archive-date=2024-06-17 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=indiaeducationdiary.in |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> and expanded into snacks with Pulse Natkaare (2021) and a tamarind-flavored product (2024).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Rajput |first=Gunjan |date=2025-02-20 |title=Rs 5000 cr aim! Pass Pass, Rajnigandha Pearls maker has a BIG 5-year plan after Rs 1000 cr sales in FY24 |url=https://www.etnownews.com/companies/rs-5000-cr-aim-pass-pass-rajnigandha-pearls-maker-has-a-big-5-year-plan-after-rs-1000-cr-sales-in-fy24-article-110334126 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=ET Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Operations ==
Pulse Candy generated ₹100 crore in sales during its first year (2015). By 2017, sales reportedly reached ₹300 crore, and the product entered international markets such as the U.S., UK, and Singapore.<ref name=":22"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETRetail.com |title=Pulse No. 1 in hard-boiled candy market - ET Retail |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/food-entertainment/grocery/pulse-no-1-in-hard-boiled-candy-market/59062636 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=ETRetail.com |language=en}}</ref> As of 2024, DS Group’s confectionery division, which includes Pulse Candy, claims an annual turnover exceeding ₹1,000 crore.<ref name=":03"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-22 |title=Pulse's DSFL crosses Rs 1,000 crore mark, aims for Rs 5,000 crore in next 5 years |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/pulses-dsfl-crosses-rs-1000-crore-mark-aims-for-rs-5000-crore-in-next-5-years/articleshow/110335148.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Rajput |first=Gunjan |date=2025-02-20 |title=Rs 5000 cr aim! Pass Pass, Rajnigandha Pearls maker has a BIG 5-year plan after Rs 1000 cr sales in FY24 |url=https://www.etnownews.com/companies/rs-5000-cr-aim-pass-pass-rajnigandha-pearls-maker-has-a-big-5-year-plan-after-rs-1000-cr-sales-in-fy24-article-110334126 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=ET Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatpreneurs {{!}} The Story Of Pulse: Tangy Surprise In The Candy Market |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/et-now/exclusive/bharatpreneurs-the-story-of-pulse-tangy-surprise-in-the-candy-market/122482 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Case studies ==

* {{Cite report |url=https://cases.iima.ac.in/index.php/introducing-a-new-candy-development-of-a-marketing-plan-by-the-ds-group-a.html |title=Introducing a New Candy: Development of a Marketing Plan by the DS Group |last=Varma |first=Sanjay |date=2022 |publisher=IIM Ahmedabad Case Centre |access-date=29 June 2025}}{{Short description|Hard-boiled candy}}

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

== External links ==

* [https://www.dsgroup.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Indian confectionery]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2015]]
[[Category:Brand name confectionery]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian snack foods]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 2015]]

G. Marthandan

2025-10-16T11:49:15Z

Goandamanholidays: Starting A Stub More To Come...

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| pre-nominals =
| name = G. Marthandan
| image = Malayalam Dorector Marthandan.jpg
| alt = G Marthandan, Malayalam Film Director
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Suresh Kumar G
| birth_date = 18 July
| birth_place = [[Changanassery]], [[Kerala]], India
| citizenship =
| education = [[Bachelor's Degree]] in [[Economics]]
| alma_mater = [[NSS Hindu College, Changanassery]]
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| years_active = 1995–present
| mother = P. Kamalamma
| father = M. S. Gopalan Nair
}}

'''G. Marthandan''' is an Indian film director who works in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kunchacko Boban's Next movie is with director G Marthandan! |url=https://metromatinee.com/kunchacko-bobans-next-movie-director-g-marthandan/ |work=MetroMatinee |date=4 June 2018 }}</ref> His debut film is ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]''.

==Early life==
G. Marthandan was born to M. S. Gopalan Nair and P. Kamalamma at [[Changanassery]] in [[Kottayam]] district of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Radio Mango Spotlight with the Director of Pavada G. Marthandan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEeEZxY_PcY |work=RadioMango - Youtube |date=2 February 2016 }}</ref> He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[Economics]] at [[NSS Hindu College, Changanassery]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

==Career==
After completing his bachelor's degree, Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film ''[[Swarnachamaram]]'' directed by [[Rajeevnath]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unreleased Malayalam Movies |url=https://metromatinee.com/live/unreleased-malayalam-movies/ |work=MetroMatinee |date=4 June 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="mweekly1">{{cite news |title=പാവാട പൊട്ടിയെങ്കില്‍ ഞാന്‍ ഔട്ടായേനെ |url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/406968 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160218135816/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/406968 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2016 |work=Mangalam Weekly |date=18 February 2016 }}</ref> His next work was ''[[British Market]]'', directed by [[Nissar (director)|Nissar]] in 1998. He worked as an associate director for 18 years.<ref name="mweekly1"/>

He made his directional debut with ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]'' in 2013, starring [[Mammooty]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/daivathinte-swantham-cleetus/movie-review/22595009.cms |work=Times of India |date=4 June 2018 }}</ref> His next movie was in 2015, ''[[Acha Dhin]]'', with Mammooty and [[Mansi Sharma]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mammootty to Star in Marthandan's 'Acha Din' |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mammootty-star-marthandans-acha-din-615453 |work=International Business Times |date=28 November 2014 }}</ref> ''Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus'' and ''[[Paavada]]'' were box office successes.<ref>Paresh C Palicha (12 September 2013). [http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/2013/daivathinte-swantham-cleetus-movie-review-119667.html "Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus Movie Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053917/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/2013/daivathinte-swantham-cleetus-movie-review-119667.html |date=21 September 2013 }}. [[Rediff.com]]. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala box office: Here is the collection report of 'King Liar,' 'Kali,' 'Vettah,' 'Paavada,' 'Puthiya Niyamam' |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-here-collection-report-king-liar-kali-vettah-paavada-puthiya-673652 |work=International Business Times |date=6 April 2016 }}</ref>

==Filmography==

===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Cast
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Script writer
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]''
| [[Mammootty]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Honey Rose]]
| [[Benny P Nayarambalam]]
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Acha Dhin]]''
| [[Mammootty]], [[Mansi Sharma]], [[Maniyanpilla Raju]]
| Vijeesh A.C
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Paavada]]''
| [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Anoop Menon]], [[Asha Sarath]]
| [[Bipin Chandran]]
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Johny Johny Yes Appa]]''
| [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Anu Sithara]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Sanoop Santhosh]]
| Joji Thomas
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Maharani (2023 film)|Maharani]]''
| [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Shine Tom Chacko]]
| Ratheesh Ravi
|-
| 2025
| ''Ottam Thullal''<ref>{{cite news |title=Director G Marthandan’s Ottam Thullal begins |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/May/05/director-g-marthandans-ottam-thullal-begins |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 May 2025}}</ref>
| [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]], [[Kalabhavan Shajon]], [[Harisree Ashokan]]
| Binu Sasiram
|}

===As associate director===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Cast
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Swarnachamaram]]''
| [[Rajeevnath]]
| [[Mohanlal]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Ranjitha]]
|-
| 1998
| ''[[British Market]]''
| [[Nissar (director)|Nissar]]
| [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Anju Aravind]]
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]''
| [[Anwar Rasheed]]
| [[Mohanlal]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Bhavana]]
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Kichamani MBA]]''
| Samad Mankada
| [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Biju Menon ]], [[Navya Nair]]
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Annan Thambi]]''
| [[Anwar Rasheed]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Lakshmi Rai]], [[Gopika]]
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Roudram]]''
| [[Renji Panicker]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
|-
| 2008
| ''Mayabazar''
| Thomas Sebastian
| [[Mammootty]], [[Sheela Kaur]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]]
|-
| 2009
| ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]''
| [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]
| [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Jagadish]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Lakshmi Rai]]
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Chattambinadu]]''
| [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Lakshmi Rai]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Pranchiyettan & the Saint]]''
| [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Priyamani]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Best Actor (film)|Best Actor]]''
| [[Martin Prakkat]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Sonu (actress)|Sonu Gowda]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Tournament – Play & Replay|Tournament]]''
| [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]
| [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Praveen Prem]], [[Rupa Manjari]]
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Oru Naal Varum]]''
| [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]
| [[Mohanlal]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Sameera Reddy]]
|-
| 2012
| ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]''
| [[Shaji Kailas]]
| [[Mammootty]], [[Suresh Gopi]]
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Simhasanam (2012 film)|Simhasanam]]''
| [[Shaji Kailas]]
| [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], Vandana Menon, [[Aishwarya Devan]]
|}

===As actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Film
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Allu Ramendran]]''
| [[AR Rahman Ikka]]
|}
; TV serial
*[[Kanyadanam (Malayalam TV series)]] - pilot episode

==Awards==
* Ramu Kariat Film Award - ''Paavada'' (2016)<ref>{{cite news|title=FAC Ramu Kariat Film Awards |journal=Malayala Manorama-Ernakulam Edition|date=30 December 2016}}</ref>
* JCI Foundation Award - ''Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus'' (2013)<ref>{{cite news|title= ജേസി ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻറെ മികച്ച പുതുമുഖ സംവിധായകനുള്ള അവാർഡ് |journal=Mathrubhumi-Ernakulam Edition|date=18 August 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Facebook|G.Marthandan}}
* {{IMDb name|7457610}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marthandan, G.}}

[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:People from Changanassery]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Palanisamy Thanikaivelan

2025-10-10T05:50:07Z

Goandamanholidays: New some data added tags

{{short description|Indian leather and materials scientist}}
{{Orphan|date=May 2024}}

{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox scientist
| image =
| caption = Palanisamy in 2020
| name = Palanisamy Thanikaivelan
| doctoral_advisor = J. Raghava Rao
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Anna University]] (BTech)|[[Anna University]] (MTech)|[[Anna University]] (PhD)}}
| known_for = Ground breaking research and commercialization of Do-Only cleaner leather processing methodologies
| fields = Leather Technology, Advanced Materials
| awards = Young Scientist in Engineering Sciences (2006)
| birth_place = India
}}
'''Palanisamy Thanikaivelan''' is a leather technologist and material scientist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr. P. Thanikaivelan's Profile |url=https://clri.irins.org/profile/152723 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=clri.org}}</ref> He joined the [[Central Leather Research Institute]] in [[Chennai]], India in 2002 and currently working as the Chief Scientist. In 2006, he won the Young Scientist and Young Engineer Awards from [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] and [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] for his work on innovative and cleaner zero discharge tanning methods. He is a Young Associate of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] and [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]].

== Education and career ==
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan earned his PhD from the [[Anna University]] while working at the [[Central Leather Research Institute]] in 2003. He founded the Advanced Materials lab at the institution in 2016.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Advanced Materials Lab|url=https://clri.org/DepartmentDetails.aspx?D=106|access-date=2020-11-24|website=clri.org}}</ref>

== Research ==
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan conducts research in the area of cleaner [[Leather production processes|leather processing]] and emerged as a significant contributor in the interdisciplinary area of advanced [[materials science]].<ref name=":1" />

His technological contributions to the leather industry by way of Do-Ecology solutions developed on first principles are widely appreciated. He found that complete transformation of chemical to [[Biocatalysis|biocatalytic processing]] is feasible thereby allowing the integration of narrow pH [[chrome tanning]] methodologies.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|title=Zero discharge tanning: A shift from chemical to biocatalytic leather processing|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es025618i|journal=Environ. Sci. Technol.|year=2002 |language=en|volume=36|pages=4187–4194|doi=10.1021/es025618i|last1=Thanikaivelan |first1=Palanisamy |last2=Rao |first2=Jonnalagadda Raghava |last3=Nair |first3=Balachandran Unni |last4=Ramasami |first4=Thirumalachari |issue=19 |pmid=12380094 |bibcode=2002EnST...36.4187T |url-access=subscription }}</ref> He designed new synthetic protocols for self-doped [[Graphene|carbon nanostructures]] from [[collagen]] wastes with potential applications in [[energy engineering]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Transforming collagen wastes into doped nanocarbons for sustainable energy applications|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/gc/c2gc35262a|journal=Green Chem.|year=2012 |volume=14|pages=1689–1695|doi=10.1039/C2GC35262A|last1=Ashokkumar |first1=Meiyazhagan |last2=Narayanan |first2=Narayanan Tharangattu |last3=Mohana Reddy |first3=Arava Leela |last4=Gupta |first4=Bipin Kumar |last5=Chandrasekaran |first5=Bangaru |last6=Talapatra |first6=Saikat |last7=Ajayan |first7=Pulickel M. |last8=Thanikaivelan |first8=Palanisamy |issue=6 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> He aims to develop high value products from raw hide trimmings and shaving dust which are posing problems as solid wastes in leather sector.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adhm.202000247?af=R|journal= Advanced Healthcare Materials| year=2020 |volume=9|article-number=2000247|doi=10.1002/adhm.202000247| last1=Kalirajan | first1=Cheirmadurai | last2=Palanisamy | first2=Thanikaivelan |title= Bioengineered Hybrid Collagen Scaffold Tethered with Silver-Catechin Nanocomposite Modulates Angiogenesis and TGF-''β'' Toward Scarless Healing in Chronic Deep Second Degree Infected Burns| issue=12 | pmid=32378364 | s2cid=218535273 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

He was part of the team of scientists who patented the process for game-changing [[Leather production processes|waterless chrome tanning technology]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Simhan|first=TE Raja|title=This CLRI tanning technique leaves chromium hiding|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/this-clri-tanning-technique-leaves-chromium-hiding/article23906001.ece|access-date=2020-11-24|website=@businessline|date=16 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> This process was patented in 2016 in India and other leather making nations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Espacenet – search results|url=https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/058455375/publication/WO2017158617A1?q=pn=WO2017158617A1|access-date=2020-11-23|website=worldwide.espacenet.com|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029232819/https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/058455375/publication/WO2017158617A1?q=pn=WO2017158617A1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The waterless chrome tanning technology is a paradigm shift adopted in at least 180 tanneries in the country as an industrial practice and also in a tannery in Egypt.<ref name=":9" />

His important contribution in recent years was the development of path-breaking technologies on “Leather-like materials from agro-wastes”, which are transferred to two start-up companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Your bag, wallet or belt can now be made of 'The King of Fruits' - Mango |url=https://www.wionews.com/science/your-bag-wallet-or-belt-can-now-be-made-of-the-king-of-fruits-mango-588237 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=WION |date=2 May 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==

* INAE Best PhD Thesis Award (2004)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Recipients of Innovative Student Projects Award|url=https://www.inae.in/recipients-of-innovative-student-projects-award/|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Indian National Academy of Engineering|language=en-US}}</ref>
*CSIR Young Scientist Award (2006)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Six researchers awarded CSIR Young Scientist Award|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/six-researchers-awarded-csir-young-scientist-award/418740|access-date=2020-11-23|language=en}}</ref>
* INAE Young Engineer Award (2006)<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Recipients of Young Engineer Award|url=https://www.inae.in/recipients-of-young-engineer-award/|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Indian National Academy of Engineering|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Young Associate of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (2007)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Academy of Sciences|url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/AS2007011|access-date=2020-11-24|website=fellows.ias.ac.in}}</ref>
* Young Associate of the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (2013)<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=INAE Young Associates on Roll|url=https://www.inae.in/archive/|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Indian National Academy of Engineering|language=en-US}}</ref>
* CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award (CDJTA) (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=CSIR Press Release|url=https://www.csir.res.in/sites/default/files/CDJTA-2016_0.pdf}}</ref>
*[[VASVIK Industrial Research Award]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHEMICAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY {{!}} VASVIK |url=https://www.vasvik.org/chemical-sciences-technology/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Editorial board member of the J. Amer. Leather Chem. Assoc.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2017 |title=The ALCA Journal – ALCA |url=https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/JALCA/about/editorialTeam |access-date=2020-11-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Selected publications ==

* P. Thanikaivelan, J. Raghava Rao, Balachandran Unni Nair and T Ramasami. "Zero discharge tanning: A shift from chemical to biocatalytic leather processing." ''Environ. Sci. Technol.'' 36 (2002): 4187–4194.<ref name=":6" />
* P. Thanikaivelan, J. Raghava Rao, Balachandran Unni Nair and T Ramasami. "Progress and recent trends in biotechnological methods for leather processing." ''Trends Biotechnol.'' 22 (2004): 181–188.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Progress and recent trends in biotechnological methods for leather processing|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779904000551|journal=Trends Biotechnol.|year=2004 |volume=22|pages=181–188|doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.02.008|last1=Thanikaivelan |first1=Palanisamy |last2=Rao |first2=Jonnalagadda R. |last3=Nair |first3=Balachandran U. |last4=Ramasami |first4=Thirumalachari |issue=4 |pmid=15038923 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* B.K. Gupta, P. Thanikaivelan, et al. "Optical bifunctionality of europium-complexed luminescent graphene nanosheets." ''Nano Lett.'' 11 (2011): 5227–5233.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Optical bifunctionality of europium-complexed luminescent graphene nanosheets|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl202541n|journal=Nano Lett.|year=2011 |volume=11|pages=5227–5233|doi=10.1021/nl202541n|last1=Gupta |first1=Bipin Kumar |last2=Thanikaivelan |first2=Palanisamy |last3=Narayanan |first3=Tharangattu N. |last4=Song |first4=Li |last5=Gao |first5=Wei |last6=Hayashi |first6=Takuya |last7=Leela Mohana Reddy |first7=Arava |last8=Saha |first8=Avishek |last9=Shanker |first9=Virendra |last10=Endo |first10=Morinobu |last11=Martí |first11=Angel A. |last12=Ajayan |first12=Pulickel M. |issue=12 |pmid=22066720 |bibcode=2011NanoL..11.5227G |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* M. Ashokkumar, et al. "Transforming collagen wastes into doped nanocarbons for sustainable energy applications." ''Green Chem.'' 14 (2012): 1689–1695.<ref name=":0" />
* K. Cheirmadurai and P. Thanikaivelan. "Bioengineered hybrid collagen scaffold tethered with silver-catechin nanocomposite modulates angiogenesis and TGF-β towards scar-less healing in chronic deep second degree infected burns." ''Adv. Healthcare Mater.'' 9 (2020): 2000247.<ref name=":4" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thanikaivelan, Palanisamy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian materials scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:Leather industry in India]]
[[Category:Anna University alumni]]

Shyamkrishnan R.

2025-07-31T00:07:15Z

Goandamanholidays: new a post with sources

{{Short description|Indian Malayalam language writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Shyamkrishnan R.
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolachery]] in [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| alma_mater = [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar]] [[Kozhikode Medical College]]
| occupation = Short story writer
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Meeshakallan''
| spouse = Kavya P. G.
| children =
| awards = [[Yuva Puraskar]]
| influences =
| signature =
}}
'''Shyamkrishnan R.''' is a [[Malayalam language]] short story writer from [[Kerala]], India. His short story collection ''Meeshakallan'' won many awards including the [[Yuva Puraskar]] (2024) by [[Sahitya Akademi]].

==Biography==
Shyamkrishnan was born in a small town named [[Kolachery]] in [[Kannur district]] of [[Kerala]] state, India.<ref name="manoramaonline">{{Cite web |title=വായനയിലേക്ക് കൊണ്ടു വന്നത് അമ്മ, ജീവിതസഖിയെ കണ്ടെത്തിയത് സാഹിത്യ ക്യാംപിൽ; ശ്യാംകൃഷ്ണൻ പറയുന്നു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/interviews/2024/06/19/vayanadinam-special-article-by-t-ajeesh.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref> His father A.P. Rameshan was a former school headmaster, and his mother O.C. Prasanna is working as AEO of Kannur North.<ref name="manoramaonline" /> He studied at St. Michael's School in Kannur.<ref name="manoramaonline" />

===Personal life ===
Shyamkrishnan met his wife Kavya P. G., who is also a poet, at a literature camp in [[Thrissur]] in 2015.<ref name="manoramaonline" /> In 2022, they got married.<ref name="manoramaonline" />

==Literary career==
He used to write short poems during his school days, but focussed seriously on writing, mainly short stories, when he was studying for MBBS in [[Kozhikode Medical College]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-28 |title=അംഗീകാരങ്ങൾ പ്രചോദനമാണ്, എഴുത്തിന് ഉത്തരവാദിത്വം കൂടും- ശ്യാംകൃഷ്ണൻ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/interviews/author-shyamkrishnan-r-kendra-sahithya-akademi-yuva-puraskar-2024-winner-interview-1.9676245 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> In 2015, when he was in his final year of MBBS, he received the KV Anoop Memorial Award for his story named ''Madakkam''.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" />

The book ''Meeshakallan'' consists of eight short stories written from 2019 to 2022 and published in various periodicals.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" />

==Pr‌ofessional career==
After completing his MBBS from [[Kozhikode Medical College]], Shyam Krishnan did his MD in Biochemistry from [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar|AIIMS, Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-06-15 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=2024-07-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Currently he is assistant professor of biochemistry at [[Malabar Medical College, Kozhikode]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi" />

==Awards==
His short story collection ''Meeshakallan'' won many awards including the [[Yuva Puraskar]] (2024) by [[Sahitya Akademi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-15 |title=ശ്യാംകൃഷ്ണന് കേന്ദ്രസാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി യുവ പുരസ്‌കാരം |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/author-shyamkrishnan-r-bags-kendra-sahithya-akademi-yuva-puraskar-2024-1.9640906 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> Other stories in the collection have won other regional awards also.<ref name="manoramaonline" /> ''Meeshakallan'' also won CV Sriraman Smriti Puraskaram instituted by the CV Sriraman Trust, for young writers in Malayalam,<ref>{{Cite web |title=സി വി ശ്രീരാമൻ സ്മൃതി പുരസ്കാരം ആർ ശ്യാം കൃഷ്ണന് |url=http://cms.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/news-thrissurkerala-23-10-2023/1125186 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> and the KV Anup short story award given as part of the carnival of poetry held at Pattambi Government Sanskrit College.<ref name=mathrubhumi-2>{{cite web|title=കെ.വി. അനൂപ് ചെറുകഥാപുരസ്കാരം ശ്യാം കൃഷ്ണന് സമ്മാനിച്ചു|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/kvanoop-short-story-award-distributed-to-syamkrishnan-at-govt-sanskrit-college-pattambi-1.9366105|publisher=mathrubhumi|date=2024-02-29|language=ml|access-date=2024-06-16|archive-date=2024-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328024247/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/kvanoop-short-story-award-distributed-to-syamkrishnan-at-govt-sanskrit-college-pattambi-1.9366105|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]