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Thirupathi (2006 Kannada film)

2026-04-26T21:45:05Z

Glorywebs: Adding Article

{{Short description|2006 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Shivamani}}
{{Long plot|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thirupathi
| image = Tirupathi (2006 Kannada film).jpg
| director = Shivamani
| writer = B. A. Madhu (dialogues)
| screenplay = Shivamani S. S. David
| story = S. S. David
| producer = Padma R. S. Gowda
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sudeep]]|[[Pooja Kanwal]]}}
| cinematography = A. C. Mahendran
| editing = Nagendra Urs
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| studio = Gowda Enterprises
| distributor = Ramu Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|06|30}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| runtime = 144 minutes
}}

'''''Thirupathi ''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action film]], directed by Shivamani, stars [[Sudeep]] and [[Pooja Kanwal]], with [[Charan Raj]] and [[Shanoor Sana]] in supporting roles. The background score and soundtrack were composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]] with lyrics by [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]], Shivamani and Krishna. The film did poorly at the [[box-office]].

==Plot==
Margaret, a newly appointed district commissioner in [[Bangalore]], has cancelled the illegal construction of a building owned by Michael Raj, a notorious boss of organized crime. Aadhi, Raj's Son, tries to convince Margaret to cancel the demolition, but she refuses. Furious, Aadhi and his friends brutally rape and shoot her. Nikhil, Margaret's friend, who was unconscious when the assault took place, partially witnessed the crime. He takes Margaret to the police station for help, but she dies.

Inspector Bachche Gowda, a corrupt police officer and associate of Michael Raj, frames Nikhil as Margaret's murderer. Constable Adarsh informs Police Commissioner, Ajay Kumar, about the truth and asks him to replace Gowda with an honest officer for the investigation of Margaret's murder. Ajay Kumar assigns ACP Thirupathi to the case. Kumar's daughter Nandhini is in love with Thirupathi, but he does not share her feelings. In Bangalore, Thirupathi stays with his mother, Bharathi.

Thirupathi discovers the fake evidence planted by Gowda. He arrests the doctor who had made the false [[postmortem]] report, releases Nikhil, and arrests Aadhi for Margaret's murder.

Michael Raj urges Thirupathi to free his son, but Thirupathi refuses. He also reveals that he knows Michael Raj's original name, Dhanraj, and threatens to reveal Raj's past. The court frees Aadhi after an associate of Raj's contradicts Nikhil's testimony. Meanwhile, Nandhini begs Thirupathi to marry her and threatens to commit suicide if he refuses.

Michael Raj kidnaps Adarsh's wife and demands that he hand over Nikhil in exchange for her return. Thirupathi arrests the other culprits involved with Aadhi in Margaret's murder. Adarsh is killed by Raj's gang, who also kidnaps Nikhil. Thirupathi is abused and shattered in the court because Nikhil cannot testify. Michael Raj threatens to kill Nikhil if Thirupathi continues to pursue the case, but Thirupathi reveals that Raj had cheated his wife for money.

It is revealed that Michael Raj, originally known as Dhanraj, is Thirupathi's father and that he cheated Thirupathi's mother, Bharathi, for money. Twenty years ago, Dhanraj accepted properties from his boss in exchange for allowing his boss to have sex with Bharathi. Their son Akash killed the man in defense of his mother, and Bharathi left Dhanraj, telling him that she will henceforth consider herself a widow. Akash, who was sent to juvenile detention for 10 years, changed his name to Thirupathi and promised his mother that he would become a justice man.

After learning that Thirupathi is his son, Dhanraj wants Thirpuathi to join him in crime. Dhanraj's friend Ekanath Bhavade, the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]], suspends Thirupathi for mishandling Margaret's murder case and reassigns Gowda to the investigation. Having been suspended from his role as a police officer, Thirupathi feels liberated to take justice into his own hands. Thirupathi finds Nikhil's mobile phone in [[Yeswanthpur]], which contains a video from Nikhil's kidnapping. Thirupathi captures the trio who are Michael Raj's friends children. He interrogates them but they initially refuse to talk, after which he tortures them. Anil, the son of the Home Minister, the main witness to this murder, confesses to Thirupathi. Thirupathi forces Anil to call his father and tell him that Michael Raj had kidnapped them and had threatened to kill them if they testified against Aadhi.

The Home Minister and confronts Michael Raj, who denies kidnapping Anil. The Home Minister gives Raj 24 hours to release Anil. Thirupathi enters there confessing that he kidnapped the trio and made them call Michael and asks Michael Raj to release Nikhil and surrender Aadhi. Thirupathi, disguised as a bald man, kills Kailasnath, one of the men who murdered Margaret, which was witnessed by Michael Raj. The Commissioner reinstates Thirupathi as a police officer at the request of the Home Minister.

Thirupathi thanks Michael Raj for reinstating him and tells him to surrender as soon as possible. Thirupathi next targets and murders Pramod, the second culprit, in front of Aadhi. However, he was still alive the next morning and taken to the hospital, Pramod identifies Michael Raj as his killer seconds before dying. The Home Minister orders Thirupathi to arrest Michael Raj, but he cannot, due to a lack of evidence. Thirupathi tells Michael Raj to surrender his son Aadhi immediately. Bachche Gowda, having been ordered by Aadhi to find Anil, tells Thirupathi that he wants to assist in the search for Anil. Thirupathi and Gowda arrive to rescue Nikhil; Gowda is shot by Aadhi while saving him. Frustrated, Thirupathi shoots Aadhi to death.

Thirupathi returns Anil to his father, and in exchange, the Home Minister grants Thirupathi permission to shoot Michael Raj, who has kidnapped Bharathi and Nadhini. Michael Raj, also known as Dhanraj, approaches Thirupathi at [[Kolar Gold Fields]], where Thirupathi finds a box containing Anil's head. It is revealed that Anil was innocent and was used by Thirupathi to prosecute Aadhi and the other culprits. Dhanraj and Thirupathi fight, in the presence of Bharathi, leaving Thirupathi badly beaten. Bharathi encourages Thirupathi to kill Dhanraj. Thirupathi kills Dhanraj.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sudeep]] as ACP Thirupathi / Akash (childhood name)
* [[Pooja Kanwal]] as Nandini
* [[Charan Raj]] as Michael Raj aka Dhanraj
* [[Shanoor Sana]] as Bharathi, Thirupathi's mother
* Dharma as Aadhi, Michael Raj's adopted son
* Lakshman as Police Commissioner Ajay Kumar
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Home Minister Ekanath Bhavade
* Ashok Rao as Amarnath
* Ramesh Pandith as Inspector Bachche Gowda
* [[Kaddipudi]] Chandru as Anil, Ekanath's son
* [[P. N. Sathya]] as Gangster Onte Krishna
* Killer Venkatesh as Constable Adarsh
* Yathiraj as Nikhil, Margaret's friend
* [[Sudha Rani]] as District Commissioner Margaret (cameo appearance)
* [[Sundeep Malani]] as Court Judge (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Shivamani, who had directed movies such as ''Rajakeeya'', ''[[Dore (film)|Dore]]'', ''Vishwa'', and ''[[Omkara (2004 film)|Omkara]]'', wanted to make a cop action movie. He approached his friend [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], who had collaborated with him in ''Omkara'', but he was busy due to scheduling conflicts, so he suggested Shivamani about [[Sudeep]]. Shivamani and Upendra narrated the story to Sudeep, who accepted the offer. He played the role of a police officer for the first time in his career.<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author1-link=Shobha Warrier |last2=Rajamani |first2=Radhika |last3=Vijayasarathy |first3=R. G. | author3-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy |date=14 June 2006 |title=Sudeep in Tirupathi |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/14spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504074414/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/14spice.htm |archive-date=4 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |date=9 March 2006 |title=Sudeep: Back with My Autograph |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/09sudeep.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504074411/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/09sudeep.htm |archive-date=4 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> He earlier played a police officer for a comedy sequence in ''[[Nalla]]'' (2004).<ref name=indiaglitz /> Deepu was initially considered to play the heroine.<ref name="indiaglitz">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2005 |title=Sudeep and Deepu teamed in "Thirupathi". |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sudeep-and-deepu-teamed-in-%22thirupathi%22-tamil-news-18551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505040631/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sudeep-and-deepu-teamed-in-%22thirupathi%22-tamil-news-18551 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=Indiaglitz}}</ref> This is Pooja Kanwal's second Kannada film after ''[[7 O' Clock]]'' (2006).<ref name=rediff /> This is Sudeep's second film with producer R. S. Gowda after ''[[Maharaja (2005 film)|Maharaja]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tirupati – a cop story |url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_tirupati.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505040646/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_tirupati.asp |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=Viggy}}</ref><ref name=indiaglitz /> [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] and [[Bhanupriya]] were considered to play Sudeep's mother.<ref name=indiaglitz /> [[Shanoor Sana]], who had collaborated with [[Sudeep]] in movies like ''[[Huchcha]]'' (2001) and ''[[Chandu (2002 film)|Chandu]]'' (2002), was finalised for the mother role. [[Charan Raj]] portrays the role of the antagonist.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tirupathi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2006
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = Akash Audio
| producer = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| prev_title = [[My Autograph]] (background score)
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = [[Jambada Hudugi]]
| next_year = 2007
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]] collaborating with [[Sudeep]] for the fifth time after ''[[Huchcha]]'' (2001), ''[[Vaalee (2001 film)|Vaalee]]'' (2001), ''[[Swathi Muthu]]'' (2003) and ''[[My Autograph]]'' (Background score only).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2006 |title=Thirupathi |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/thirupathi/r-ACM,Uo4MM_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203234203/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/thirupathi/r-ACM,Uo4MM_ |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Lakha Lakha
| lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Hodi Maga
| lyrics2 = Shivamani
| extra2 = [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Gumma Gumma
| extra3 = [[Chetan Sosca]], Sunitha
| lyrics3 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Bole Bole Jimbole
| extra4 = Avinash
| lyrics4 = Krishna
| length4 =
| title5 = Thayiye Magana
| extra5 = Rameshchandra
| lyrics5 = Krishna
| length5 =
}}

== Reception ==
[[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' stated that "''Tirupati'' is an engaging entertainer which can be a tasty full meal for film fans of action flicks".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |date=30 June 2006 |title=Tirupati Kannada Movie |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3223/kannada/tirupati/800/review.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504074414/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3223/kannada/tirupati/800/review.htm |archive-date=4 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]| via=Nowrunning}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "it is Sudeep's film all the way. He oozes talent in every frame and it is really his spirited performance as Tirupati that saves the film".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |date=3 July 2006 |title=Tirupati: A good action film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jul/03tir.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213021917/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jul/03tir.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "Action lovers cannot miss this film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2006 |title=THIRUPATHI MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/761-thirupathi-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112914/http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/761-thirupathi-review.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Chitraloka.com]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote "Director Shivamani's takings are good as usual. The story is wafer thin, but the narration and style in presentation makes the film watchable. Sudeep fits the role perfectly and his body language and dialogue delivery are good as he carries the film on his shoulders. Heroine Pooja Kanwal has nothing much to do, while Charanraj and Rangayana Raghu excel as villains".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=14240372&ctid=5&cid=2427|title=Tirupathi|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=20 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705140348/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=14240372&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=5 July 2006}}</ref> The film had high collections initially but later dipped in collections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |date=26 December 2006 |title=Top Kannada Heroes |url=http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/26yrsd1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210205501/http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/26yrsd1.htm |archive-date=10 February 2012 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|2917786}}

[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:2006 action films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramanath]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]

Susanta Ghosh (Khanakul politician)

2026-04-21T22:58:54Z

Glorywebs: Adding Info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Susanta Ghosh
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| term_end = Incumbent
| constituency = [[Khanakul (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khanakul]]
| predecessor = [[Iqbal Ahmed (politician)|Iqbal Ahmed]]
| successor = Incumbent
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Business
| education = 10th Pass
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Susanta Ghosh''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khanakul (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khanakul (constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khanakul Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/khanakul-election-result-2021-live-updates-khanakul-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696296.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BJP announces 63 candidates 3rd and 4th phase Bengal|url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/bjp-announces-63-candidates-3rd-and-4th-phase-bengal-polls-union-minister-babul-supriyo-to-contest-from-kolkata-s-tollygunge/2343339.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=Millennium Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Khanakul, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/khanakul-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797282-2021-05-02|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Susanta Ghosh (Criminal & Asset Declaration)|url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=534|access-date=2021-05-16|website=MyNeta.com}}</ref> He defeated Munsi Nazbul Karim of [[All India Trinamool Congress]] by 12,884 votes in [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 West Bengal Assembly election]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Susanta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]

{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}

Uttarkashi Assembly constituency

2026-04-21T10:13:56Z

Glorywebs:

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Uttarakhand Assembly, in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Uttarkashi
| established = 1974
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| district = [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]]
| abolished = 2002
| reservation = SC
| type= SLA
}}
'''Uttarkashi'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/uttarkashi-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency|title=Uttarkashi Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency}}</ref> was a part of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from 1974 to 2000.<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It became a part of the [[Interim Uttaranchal Assembly]] from 2000 to 2002.<ref name="act">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2000/1/200029.pdf |title=The Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|format=pdf|access-date= 24 November 2022 |p=7}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
'''Key'''
{{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} {{Party index link|Samajwadi Party}} {{Party index link|Independent (politician)}} {{Party index link|Janata Party}} {{Party index link|Janata Dal}} {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Baldev Singh Arya<ref name="results1974">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3249-uttar-pradesh-1974/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Barfia Lal Juwantha<ref name="results1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3253-uttar-pradesh-1977/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Baldev Singh Arya<ref name="results1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3254-uttar-pradesh-1980/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Baldev Singh Arya<ref name="results1985">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-uttar-pradesh-1985/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Barfia Lal Junwantha<ref name="results1989">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3256-uttar-pradesh-1989/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| [[Janata Dal]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Gyan Chand
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Barfia Lal Junwantha
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Gyan Chand
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|'''Formation of Uttarakhand State''' ''Major boundary changes''
|-
|colspan="4"| This Assembly constituency has been bifurcated into [[Gangotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Gangotri]], [[Purola (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Purola]] and [[Yamunotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Yamunotri]] Assembly constituencies
|}

==See also==
* [[Gangotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Purola (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Yamunotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coords|30.73|78.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarkashi]]
[[Category:Uttarkashi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in India]]

MTHR Global

2026-04-19T07:00:36Z

Glorywebs: Made Some Data Initial Version - done

{{Short description|Movement for HR professionals in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{promo|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = More Than HR Global
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = {{Start date|2002|02}}
| extinction =
| type = [[Nonprofit organisation]]
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| coordinates =
| region_served = Worldwide
| membership =
| language =
| general_secretary =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| key_people = Rajesh Gupta, Rajesh Kamath, Vipul Agarwal & Keyur Jani
| main_organ =
| affiliations =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|http://www.mthrglobal.com/}}
| remarks =
| former_name =
}}

'''MTHR Global''' ('''More Than HR Global''') is a [[not-for-profit organisation]] based in [[Mumbai]].

==History==

MTHR Global commenced as an online forum in Feb 2002.

==Academic collaboration==

MTHR has tie ups with academia to create a platform for the students to hone their skills & stay updated about recent industry trends. Events like Panel Discussions, Technical Seminars & orientation from industry experts are organised in these institutes to facilitate student development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiahrlive.com/nurturing-and-advancing-a-knowledge-community/|title=Nurturing and Advancing a Knowledge Community|work=India HR Live |date=12 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hr-heads.blogspot.in/2005/06/hrheads-pune-mthr-global-monsoon.html|title=groups.yahoo.com/group/hrheads: [HRHeads] Pune MTHR Global Monsoon Overnight Stay Meet (29 & 30 July 05)|website=hr-heads.blogspot.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124210444/https://hr-heads.blogspot.com/2005/06/hrheads-pune-mthr-global-monsoon.html|archive-date=24 November 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://temp.timesascent.in/article/27/201010232010101923224739293d1a03f/MTHR-Global-.html|title=MTHR Global , Events,Times Ascent Online|website=Times Ascent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002614/http://temp.timesascent.in/article/27/201010232010101923224739293d1a03f/MTHR-Global-.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Few of the several collaborations include
* [[Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.simplycareer.net/2012/11/mthr-global-conference-on-15th-december.html |title=MTHR Global Conference on 15th December at Mumbai |website=Simply Career Blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000704/http://blog.simplycareer.net/2012/11/mthr-global-conference-on-15th-december.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/mumbai/mthr-global-full-day-event-mumbai-with-agenda/160527347355687|title=MTHR Global Full Day Event @ Mumbai with Agenda|website=allevents.in}}</ref>
* [[N. L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nldalmia.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NLDIMSR_NAAC_SSR_2016.pdf |title=SELF-STUDY REPORT |website=N. L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001356/http://nldalmia.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NLDIMSR_NAAC_SSR_2016.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ryze.com/postdisplay.php?confid=355&messageid=1434693| title=Ryze business networking }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/mumbai/mthr-global-conf-{{!}}-15-dec-{{!}}-diversity-inclusion-and-hrs-role-{{!}}-nl-dalmia-inst-mira-rd-mumbai/210857612362792|title=MTHR Global Conf | 15 Dec | Diversity, Inclusion and HRs Role | NL Dalmia Inst., Mira Rd, Mumbai|website=AllEvents}}</ref>
* [[Vivekanand Education Society's Institute of Management Studies and Research]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/mumbai/personal-invite-%7C-mumbai-mthr-global-full-day-hr-conf-%7C-leadership-%E2%80%93-masters-of-transformation-%7C-22n/161790553995948|title=Personal Invite | Mumbai MTHR Global Full Day HR Conf | Leadership – Masters of Transformation | 22nd Nov 2014 | Vivekanand Mgt Inst (VESIM)|website=allevents.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.simplycareer.net/2015/10/FreeMTHRevent2015.html|title=MTHR Global event is finally back after a long gap, block your calendar|website=Simply Career Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000654/http://blog.simplycareer.net/2015/10/FreeMTHRevent2015.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Activities ==

To equip HR professionals with latest industry trends, MTHR Global in association with several corporations & institutions, organise workshops, seminars, panel discussions addressed by industry experts. Also there are Continuous Learning Programmes, Strategic HR course & mentor ship programmes & Behavioural Assessments for the members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/MTHR-Global-More-Than-HR-Global-177264852308614/|website=[[Facebook]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/training-and-development-africa/speaker-rajesh-KAMATH.stm|title=THE FUTURE OF WORK- NOW | Work 2.0 Africa | 3 - 4 October 2017 |date=2 October 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://storify.com/MTHRGlobal |title=MTHR Global's social stories · Storify |website=Storify |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000527/https://storify.com/MTHRGlobal |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/mthrglobal/|website=[[Facebook]] }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2002]]

Mendipathar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:01Z

Glorywebs: Made Initial Entry Nd Citations - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mendipathar
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[North Garo Hills district|North Garo Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Mendipathar Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 38
| mla = [[Marthon Sangma]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Trinamool Congress}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:29232}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Mendipathar''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[North Garo Hills district|North Garo Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It falls under [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="election"/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
The list of MLAs are given below{{Spaced ndash}}<ref name="election">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/mendipathar.html |title= Mendipathar (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=10 March 2018}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Sibendra Narayan Koch || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=3 | Beninstand G. Momin || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || {{Full party name with color|Hill People's Union}}
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | Frankenstein W. Momin || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Beninstand G. Momin || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Frankenstein W. Momin || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=3 | [[Marthon Sangma]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Marthon Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,363 |percentage=37.85% |change={{increase}}8.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Timjim K. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,538 |percentage=22.39% |change={{decrease}}18.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengnab Momin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,132 |percentage=16.70% |change={{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardinand D. Shira |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=3,312 |percentage=13.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elbarth Marak |party=Gana Suraksha Party |votes=1,375 |percentage=5.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subrotho G Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,017 |percentage=4.11% |change={{decrease}}8.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=194 |percentage=0.78% |change={{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,825 |percentage=15.46% |change= {{increase}}3.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,737 |percentage=84.62% |change= {{decrease}}3.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,232 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Marthon Sangma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,347 |percentage=41.25% |change={{increase}}10.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=6,670 |percentage=29.44% |change={{increase}}7.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Comolsing R. Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,855 |percentage=12.60% |change={{decrease}}4.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elbarth Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,912 |percentage=8.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Digros D. Shira |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,440 |percentage=6.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=204 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,677 |percentage=11.82% |change= {{increase}}11.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,657 |percentage=87.63% |change= {{increase}}1.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,856 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}10.70 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Marthon Sangma]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=5,307 |percentage=30.55% |change={{increase}}11.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,296 |percentage=30.49% |change={{increase}}7.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dolly K. Sangma |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=3,806 |percentage=21.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,960 |percentage=17.04% |change={{decrease}}5.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11 |percentage=0.06% |change= {{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,369 |percentage=86.19% |change= {{decrease}}4.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,151 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}8.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.19 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,647 |percentage=23.37% |change={{decrease}}16.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,461 |percentage=22.43% |change={{decrease}}23.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Marthon Sangma]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,819 |percentage=19.20% |change={{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dolly K. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=3,492 |percentage=17.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=James Kumar Pam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,984 |percentage=15.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nilbirth Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=484 |percentage=2.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=186 |percentage=0.94% |change= {{decrease}}4.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,887 |percentage=90.66% |change= {{increase}}14.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,937 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{decrease}}22.34 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=7,756 |percentage=45.70% |change={{increase}}6.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,791 |percentage=40.02% |change={{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Silgring Marak |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,423 |percentage=14.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=965 |percentage=5.69% |change= {{increase}}4.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,970 |percentage=76.21% |change= {{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,269 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,046 |percentage=40.33% |change={{decrease}}9.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,901 |percentage=39.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Rava |party=Independent politician |votes=3,046 |percentage=20.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=145 |percentage=0.97% |change= {{decrease}}4.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,993 |percentage=79.26% |change= {{decrease}}3.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,592 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.98 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,969 |percentage=49.92% |change={{increase}}5.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=Hill People's Union |votes=6,195 |percentage=44.37% |change={{decrease}}10.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Singh Rava |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=797 |percentage=5.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=774 |percentage=5.54% |change= {{decrease}}5.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,961 |percentage=81.65% |change= {{increase}}1.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,496 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=Hill People's Union |votes=5,809 |percentage=55.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jamindro R. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,687 |percentage=44.66% |change={{increase}}15.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,122 |percentage=10.69% |change= {{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,496 |percentage=81.70% |change= {{increase}}3.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,350 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=3,330 |percentage=39.42% |change={{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Frankenstein W. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,477 |percentage=29.32% |change={{decrease}}7.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joshendro Rabha |party=Independent politician |votes=1,960 |percentage=23.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Luthunath J. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=681 |percentage=8.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=853 |percentage=10.10% |change= {{increase}}9.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,448 |percentage=78.91% |change= {{increase}}23.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,184 |ref = |change= {{increase}}44.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Beninstand G. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,494 |percentage=37.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Luthunath J. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,482 |percentage=36.73% |change={{decrease}}10.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Josendra Rava |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=1,059 |percentage=26.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12 |percentage=0.30% |change= {{decrease}}14.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,035 |percentage=56.27% |change= {{increase}}10.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,718 |ref = |change= {{increase}}41.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}10.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mendipathar<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sibendra Narayan Koch |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,087 |percentage=47.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Josendra Chrava |party=Independent politician |votes=746 |percentage=32.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prandhan Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=466 |percentage=20.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=341 |percentage=14.83% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,299 |percentage=48.63% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,466 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[North Garo Hills district]]
* [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.914|90.645|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:North Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Namma Preethiya Ramu

2026-04-09T23:21:54Z

Glorywebs: Made The Post Nd Citations - done

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Namma Preethiya Ramu
| image = Namma Preethiya Ramu.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = Sanjay-Vijay
| producer = G Nandakumar B P Rame Gowda
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum]]''|[[Vinayan]]}}
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Navya Natarajan]] Hamsavijetha
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = Ramesh Babu
| editing = K. Girish Kumar
| studio = Vishwapriya Films
| released = {{Film date|2003|11|14|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/wings_namma_preethiya_ramu.asp|title=Namma Preetiya Ramu - this week|work=[[Viggy.com]]|access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Namma Preethiya Ramu''''' ({{translation|Our lovable Ramu}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Kannada]]-language drama film directed by Sanjay-Vijay duo. The film is a remake of the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film ''[[Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dboss-darshan-birthday-special-top-10-hit-movies-must-watch-191368.html | title=ಡಿಬಾಸ್ ಹುಟ್ಟುಹಬ್ಬ: 'ಮೆಜೆಸ್ಟಿಕ್' ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಲಿಟ್ಟು ಚಾಲೆಂಜಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಆಗಿ ಮೆರೆದ ಟಾಪ್ 10 ಸಿನಿಮಾ | trans-title=D Boss birthday: Top 10 movies where he became a challenging star in 'Majestic'|date=16 February 2021 | language=kn|work=[[TV9 Kannada]]| access-date=13 September 2022 | archive-date=23 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123001503/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dboss-darshan-birthday-special-top-10-hit-movies-must-watch-191368.html | url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] playing the eponymous character of a blind village singer,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/birthday-special-watch-these-six-iconic-darshan-movies-1082041.html|title=Birthday special: Watch these six iconic Darshan movies|first=Roktim|last=Rajpal|date=16 February 2022|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> along with [[Navya Natarajan]], Hamsavijetha, [[Doddanna]] and [[Umashree]] in other prominent roles. The film score and soundtrack were composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].

The film was released on 14 November 2003 and won positive reviews from critics upon release, who appreciated Darshan was for his effective portrayal of an offbeat role.<ref name="C">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2821-namma-preethiya-ramu-review.html |title=Namma Preethiya Ramu Movie Review| date=14 November 2003|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326200814/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2821-namma-preethiya-ramu-review.html|archive-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sagar-biligowda-talks-about-his-five-favourite-actors/articleshow/78616671.cms|title=Sagar Biligowda talks about his five favourite actors|date=12 October 2020|first=Vinay|last=Lokesh|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, the film failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/machchu-movie-must-be-a-smash-hit/articleshow/1212844.cms|title=Machchu movie? Must be a smash hit!|author=Sowmya Aji Mehu|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 August 2005|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912092428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/machchu-movie-must-be-a-smash-hit/articleshow/1212844.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-darshan/20090930.htm|title='Fans want to see me in action films|date=30 September 2009|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=February 2025}}

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Ramu<ref name="C"/>
* [[Navya Natarajan]] as Lakshmi<ref name="V"/>
* Hamsavijetha as Vasanthi<ref name="V"/>
* [[Doddanna]] as the restaurant owner<ref name="I"/>
* [[Umashree]] as Ramu's mother<ref name="V"/>
* [[Karibasavaiah]]
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]]
* Nandini
* Ramesh Pandith
*Shyam Yadav
*Hanumanthegowda
*Jayasurya
* Master Adharsh Ramegowda as Putta
*Dr Rathna
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], and the lyrics were written by [[K. Kalyan]] and Krishna Priya. Except "Dudilde" and "Badavana", all other tunes were reused from the Tamil film ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]''.

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Naa Kano Lokavanu
| lyrics1 = Krishna Priya
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Nannede Baanali
| lyrics2 = K. Kalyan
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Duddilde Hodaru
| lyrics3 = K. Kalyan
| extra3 = Udit Narayan, [[Ganga Sitharasu]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Thegada Mara Kadidu
| extra4 = Hariharan
| lyrics4 = K. Kalyan
| length4 =
| title5 = Joli Joli Jokaaliyalli
| extra5 = Hariharan
| lyrics5 = K. Kalyan
| length5 =
| title6 = Badavana Gudisalanu
| extra6 = Ilaiyaraaja
| lyrics6 = K. Kalyan
| length6 =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "It is Darshan all the way. He takes control of the whole film and he is near to perfection. The shaking of his head, the eye balls looking completely that of a blind, rubbing his finger on the neck his crying the make up maintained for him throughout the film have come out naturally".<ref name="C"/> A critic from ''Viggy'' wrote that "Darshan Toogudeep who steals the show with his sterling performance – be it his dry wit or sorrow, happiness or disappointment, he adapted a peculiar style of blind".<ref name="V">{{Cite web |url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_namma_preetiya_ramu.asp |title=Namma Preethiya Ramu – Film Review |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-date=15 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415082901/http://www.viggy.com/english/review_namma_preetiya_ramu.asp |work=Viggy|url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''indiainfo'' wrote that "It's all the way Darshan's performance that will be remembered".<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/namma_preethiya_ramu.html|title=NAMMA PREETHIYA RAMU – Review|work=indiainfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040203233755/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/namma_preethiya_ramu.html|archive-date=3 February 2004}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14449180}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namma Preethiya Ramu}}
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films about blind people in India]]

Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:21:50Z

Glorywebs: creating a post nd citations

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 51,884
| mla = Mansukhani Khanchand Gopaldas
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After the 1955 Delimitation act, it was split into [[Kalyan Assembly constituency|Kalyan]], [[Murbad Assembly constituency|Murbad]] and [[Ulhasnagar Assembly constituency|Ulhasnagar]] constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mansukhani Khanchand Gopaldas || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mansukhani Khanchand Gopaldas |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,879 |percentage = 39.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tehalramani Parsaram Vishinising |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,109 |percentage = 24.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bherwani Assandas Nanikram |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 4,596 |percentage = 14.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Purswani Bhojraj Sahaldas |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,770 |percentage = 8.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shimpi Bhiku Martand |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,620 |percentage = 4.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thakur Kherajmal Hiranand |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,578 |percentage = 4.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vidyarthi Parcha Kewalram |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 627 |percentage = 1.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Harijan Ransi Velji |party = Independent politician |votes = 499 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,770 |percentage = 14.60% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,678 |percentage = 62.98% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,678}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,884 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Presidency of Joe Biden

2026-03-29T16:42:36Z

Glorywebs: cleanup

{{Short description|2021–2025 U.S. presidential administration}}
{{For|his vice presidency|Vice presidency of Joe Biden}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency}}
{{Protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Very long|date=November 2024|words=20,000}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox administration
| name = Presidency of Joe Biden
| image = Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg
| caption =
| term_start = January 20, 2021
| term_end = January 20, 2025
| president_link = President of the United States
| vicepresident = [[Kamala Harris]]
| cabinet = [[Cabinet of Joe Biden|Full list]]
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| election = [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]
| predecessor = [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump]] (I)
| successor = [[Second presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump]] (II)
| seat = [[White House]]
| archive_url = bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov
| library_url = bidenlibrary.gov
}}

{{Joe Biden series|expanded=46th president of the United States}}
[[Joe Biden]]'s tenure as the [[List of presidents of the United States|46th]] [[president of the United States]] began with [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|his inauguration]] on January 20, 2021, and ended on January 20, 2025. Biden, member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], had previously served as the [[Vice presidency of Joe Biden|47th vice president from 2009 to 2017]] under President [[Barack Obama]], took office after defeating the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] incumbent president [[Donald Trump]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]]. Upon his inauguration, he became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest president in American history]], breaking the record set by [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Peter|first=Josh|title=Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/|website=USA Today|date=November 5, 2020|access-date=October 6, 2024|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107182039/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alongside Biden's presidency, the Democratic Party also held their majorities in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[United States Senate|Senate]] during the [[117th United States Congress|117th U.S. Congress]] following the [[2020 United States elections|2020 elections]], thereby attained an overall federal [[government trifecta#United States|government trifecta]]. Biden entered office amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], an [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|economic crisis]], and increased [[Political polarization in the United States|political polarization]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Farley|first1=Robert|last2=Gore|first2=D'Angelo|last3=Jackson|first3=Brooks|date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/national-international/fact-check-what-president-biden-inherits/2448953/|title=Fact Check: What President Biden Inherits|website=NBC Bay Area|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=March 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303104047/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/national-international/fact-check-what-president-biden-inherits/2448953/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Day one actions of his presidency included restoring U.S. participation in the [[Paris Agreement]], revoking the permit for the [[Keystone XL]] pipeline and halting funding for the [[Mexico–United States border wall]].<ref name="Everett-2022">{{Cite web |last=Everett |first=Burgess |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Manchin and Schumer announce deal that includes energy, taxes |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/07/27/manchin-schumer-senate-deal-energy-taxes-00048325 |access-date=July 27, 2022 |website=[[Politico]] |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315092914/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/07/27/manchin-schumer-senate-deal-energy-taxes-00048325 |url-status=live }}</ref> On his second day, he issued a series of executive orders to reduce the impact of [[COVID-19]], including invoking the [[Defense Production Act of 1950]], and set an early goal of achieving one hundred million [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccinations]] in the United States in his first 100 days.<ref name="Klein-2021"/> The first major legislation signed into law by Biden was the [[American Rescue Plan Act of 2021]], a $1.9 trillion [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus bill]] that temporarily established expanded unemployment insurance and sent $1,400 stimulus checks to most Americans in response to continued economic pressure from COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|last=Segers|first=Grace|date=March 12, 2021|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-signs-covid-relief-bill-american-rescue-plan-into-law/|title=Biden signs $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan into law|website=[[CBS News]]|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=March 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316100852/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-signs-covid-relief-bill-american-rescue-plan-into-law/|url-status=live}}</ref> He signed the bipartisan [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]], a ten-year plan brokered by Biden alongside Democrats and Republicans in Congress to invest in American roads, bridges, public transit, ports and broadband access.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shalal|first1=Andrea|last2=Holland|first2=Steve|date=November 16, 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-needing-boost-sign-1-trillion-infrastructure-bill-2021-11-15/|title=Biden signs $1 trillion infrastructure bill into law|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|archive-date=November 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116111015/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-needing-boost-sign-1-trillion-infrastructure-bill-2021-11-15/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Biden proposed a significant expansion of the U.S. social safety net through the [[Build Back Better Act]], but those efforts, along with [[Freedom to Vote Act|voting rights legislation]], failed in Congress. In August 2022, Biden signed the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]], a domestic appropriations bill that included some of the provisions of the Build Back Better Act after the entire bill failed to pass. It included significant federal investment in climate and domestic clean energy production, tax credits for solar panels, electric cars and other home energy programs as well as a three-year extension of [[Affordable Care Act]] subsidies, an [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] price cap, and a provision allowing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] to negotiate drug prices. In late 2022, Biden signed the [[Respect for Marriage Act]], which repealed the [[Defense of Marriage Act]] and codified [[Same-sex marriage|same-sex]] and [[Interracial marriage|interracial]] marriage in the United States. Other domestic legislation signed during his term included the [[Bipartisan Safer Communities Act]], the first major federal gun control law in nearly three decades;<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cochrane |first1=Emily |last2=Kanno-Youngs |first2=Zolan |date=June 25, 2022 |title=Biden Signs Gun Bill Into Law, Ending Years of Stalemate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/25/us/politics/gun-control-bill-biden.html |access-date=July 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628085002/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/25/us/politics/gun-control-bill-biden.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[CHIPS and Science Act]], bolstering the [[semiconductor]] and manufacturing industry; the [[Honoring our PACT Act of 2022|Honoring our PACT Act]], expanding health care for US veterans; the [[Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022|Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act]]; and the [[Juneteenth|Juneteenth National Independence Day Act]], making Juneteenth a [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday in the United States]]. Biden also unsuccessfully pushed for legislation protecting the right to [[abortion]] in response to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]]'s decision in ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization]]'' overturning ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cahn |first1=Naomi |last2=Morrison |first2=Alan |last3=Suter |first3=Sonia |date=March 3, 2024 |title=Biden cannot easily make Roe v. Wade federal law, but he could still make it easier to get an abortion |url=https://www.law.virginia.edu/node/2178026 |access-date=May 5, 2025}}</ref>

Biden appointed [[Ketanji Brown Jackson]] to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]—the first [[Black women|Black woman]] to serve on the court. In response to the [[2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis|debt-ceiling crisis of 2023]], he negotiated and signed the [[Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023]], which restrains federal spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, implements minor changes to [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|SNAP]] and [[Temporary Assistance for Needy Families|TANF]], includes energy permitting reform, claws back some [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] funding and unspent money for [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19]], and suspended the [[United States debt ceiling|debt ceiling]] to January 1, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Biden Signs Fiscal Responsibility Act in End to Debt Limit Crisis |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/us/politics/biden-debt-bill.html |access-date=June 3, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603192114/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/us/politics/biden-debt-bill.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He established the [[American Climate Corps]] and created the first ever [[White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention]]. On September 26, 2023, Biden visited a [[United Auto Workers]] picket line during the [[2023 United Auto Workers strike]], making him the first US president to visit one. Biden also rigorously enforced antitrust laws by appointing [[Lina Khan]] to head the [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]].<ref name="Khan">{{cite web |last1=McCabe |first1=David |last2=Kang |first2=Cecilia |title=Biden Names Lina Khan, a Big-Tech Critic, as F.T.C. Chair |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/technology/lina-khan-ftc.html |website=The New York Times |date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=August 30, 2024 |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615210307/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/technology/lina-khan-ftc.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden issued more individual pardons and commutations than any other president,<ref name="APpardons" /> including controversial sweeping pardons of members of his family and high profile political figures that he claimed were either presently or expected to be the subject of "baseless and politically motivated investigations."<ref name="cnbc.com">{{#invoke:cite|news|date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |title=Biden pardons his family in final minutes in office |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/20/biden-pardons-family-members.html |agency = CNBC}}</ref><ref name="bbc.com">{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Debusmann |first1=Bernd Jr. |last2=Wong |first2=Vicky | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8r5g5dezk4o | title=Biden issues pre-emptive pardons for siblings, Fauci and Jan 6 riot panel | publisher=[[BBC News]] | date=January 10, 2025 |access-date=February 10, 2025}}</ref><ref name="cnn.com">{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Saenz |first2=Arlette | url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/20/politics/joe-biden-preemptive-pardons/index.html | title=Biden issues preemptive pardons for Trump critics and Biden family members | publisher=[[CNN]] | date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=February 10, 2025}}</ref> The first sitting U.S. president to oppose the [[Capital punishment in the United States|death penalty]], Biden commuted the sentences of nearly all inmates on federal death row to [[life imprisonment]] weeks before leaving office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavi |first1=Aishvarya |title=Biden Commutes 37 Death Sentences Ahead of Trump's Plan to Resume Federal Executions |work=The New York Times |date=December 23, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/23/us/politics/biden-commutes-37-death-sentences.html |access-date=April 27, 2025 |agency=New York Times}}</ref>

The foreign policy goal of the Biden administration was to restore the U.S. to a "position of trusted leadership" among global [[Democracy|democracies]] in order to address the challenges posed by [[Russia]] and [[China]]. Biden signed [[AUKUS]], an international security alliance together with [[Australia]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. He supported the expansion of [[NATO]] with the additions of [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]. Biden approved a raid which led to the death of [[Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]], the leader of the [[Islamic State]], and approved a drone strike which [[Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri|killed Ayman Al Zawahiri]], leader of Al-Qaeda. He completed the [[2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Afghanistan]], declaring an end to [[nation-building]] efforts and shifting U.S. foreign policy toward strategic competition with China and, to a lesser extent, Russia.<ref name="ShearTankersley">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/us/politics/biden-defends-afghanistan-withdrawal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/us/politics/biden-defends-afghanistan-withdrawal.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Biden Defends Afghan Pullout and Declares an End to Nation-Building|author=Michael D. Shear and Jim Tankersley|date=October 7, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Tyler|last1=Pager|first2=Natasha|last2=Bertran|date=January 29, 2021|work=[[Politico]]|title=White House shifts from Middle East quagmires to a showdown with China|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/28/biden-china-foreign-policy-463674|access-date=November 20, 2021|archive-date=September 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924223111/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/28/biden-china-foreign-policy-463674|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/global-summits-biden-seeks-leverage-china-s-absence-n1283076|title=At global summits, Biden seeks to leverage China's absence|date=November 3, 2021|first=Josh|last=Lederman|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=November 20, 2021|archive-date=November 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116114351/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/global-summits-biden-seeks-leverage-china-s-absence-n1283076|url-status=live}}</ref> During the withdrawal, the [[2021 Taliban offensive|Afghan government collapsed and the Taliban seized control]], leading to Biden receiving bipartisan criticism. He responded to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]] by imposing [[International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|sanctions on Russia]] and providing Ukraine with over $100 billion in [[List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|combined military, economic, and humanitarian aid]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Biden Signs $1.7 Trillion Funding Bill That Includes Ukraine Aid |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-29/biden-signs-1-7-trillion-funding-bill-that-includes-ukraine-aid |access-date=December 31, 2022 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112173659/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-29/biden-signs-1-7-trillion-funding-bill-that-includes-ukraine-aid |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Aid to Ukraine Explained in Six Charts |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/aid-ukraine-explained-six-charts |access-date=December 31, 2022 |website=www.csis.org |date=November 18, 2022 |language=en |last1=Cancian |first1=Mark F. |archive-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101102226/https://www.csis.org/analysis/aid-ukraine-explained-six-charts |url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[Gaza war]], Biden condemned the actions of [[Hamas]] and other Palestinian militants as terrorism, and announced [[United States support for Israel in the Gaza war|American military support]] for [[Israel]]; he also sent humanitarian aid to the [[Gaza Strip]] and brokered a [[2023 Gaza war ceasefire|four-day temporary pause and hostage exchange]] in 2023 followed by a [[January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire|three-phase ceasefire]] in January 2025. Biden negotiated and oversaw the [[2024 Ankara prisoner exchange]], the largest [[prisoner exchange]] since the end of the [[Cold War]], involving the release of 26 individuals, including American journalist [[Evan Gershkovich]] and former U.S. Marine [[Paul Whelan]].

Biden began his term with over 50% approval ratings; these fell significantly after the withdrawal from Afghanistan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montanaro |first=Domenico |date=September 2, 2021 |title=Biden's Approval Rating Hits A New Low After The Afghanistan Withdrawal |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027035207/https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |access-date=September 20, 2023 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> and remained low as the country experienced high inflation and rising gas prices, even as they later decreased during his presidency.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 6, 2022 |title=Biden under pressure as US inflation hits 8.6%, highest in 40 years |url=https://www.france24.com/en/economy/20220610-biden-under-pressure-as-us-inflation-hits-8-6-highest-in-40-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816122420/https://www.france24.com/en/economy/20220610-biden-under-pressure-as-us-inflation-hits-8-6-highest-in-40-years |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |access-date=August 12, 2022 |work=France24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 14, 2022 |title=What's Behind Biden's Record-Low Approval Rating? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/whats-behind-bidens-record-low-approval-rating/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824063736/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/whats-behind-bidens-record-low-approval-rating/ |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |access-date=August 12, 2022 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]]}}</ref> His [[Age and health concerns about Joe Biden|age and mental fitness]] were a frequent subject of discussion throughout his presidency,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Quay |first1=Grayson |last2=Coleman |first2=Theara |date=July 14, 2022 |title=The newly-resurfaced debate on Biden's age and mental fitness |url=https://theweek.com/feature/briefing/1015081/biden-age-and-mental-state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824045145/https://theweek.com/feature/briefing/1015081/biden-age-and-mental-state |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |access-date=August 12, 2022 |work=[[The Week (magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref> ultimately culminating in his decision to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw]] his bid for re-election in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shear|first1=Michael|last2=Rogers|first2=Katie|last3=Entous|first3=Adam|title=He Still Thought He Could Win: Inside Biden's Decision to Drop Out|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/15/us/politics/biden-2024-election-dropped-out.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 15, 2024|access-date=October 6, 2024|archive-date=October 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005013655/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/15/us/politics/biden-2024-election-dropped-out.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump won the election against Biden's preferred successor, [[Kamala Harris]], making him the second U.S. president to be succeeded in office by his predecessor.{{efn|The first person was [[Benjamin Harrison]] as he was succeeded in office by his predecessor [[Grover Cleveland]] in [[Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland|1893]].}} Biden oversaw the strongest economic recovery of any [[G7|G7 nation]] post COVID-19 and one of the strongest economic recoveries in United States history, breaking a 70-year record for low unemployment,<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=The Biggest Success Story the Country Doesn't Know About |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/184223/biden-administration-success-story-country-doesnt-know |access-date=August 3, 2024 |magazine=The New Republic |issn=0028-6583}}</ref> and the creation of over 16 million new jobs, the most of any single term president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tankersley |first=Jim |date=June 7, 2024 |title=Biden Has a Historically Strong Job Market. It May Not Be Enough. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/07/business/biden-job-market-economy-inflation.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803164345/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/07/business/biden-job-market-economy-inflation.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During Biden's time in office, median [[wage]]s stagnated,<ref name=":1" /> and the share of [[Wealth inequality in the United States|wealth]] of the wealthiest 0.1% of Americans continued to increase.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Distribution of Household Wealth in the U.S. since 1989 |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/chart/#range:2021.1,2024.4;quarter:141;series:Net%20worth;demographic:networth;population:1,3,5,7,9;units:shares |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429210841/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/chart/#range:2021.1,2024.4;quarter:141;series:Net%20worth;demographic:networth;population:1,3,5,7,9;units:shares |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=The Federal Reserve}}</ref> Although some political scientists and historians have [[Historical rankings of U.S. Presidents|rated]] Biden's presidency favorably,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rottinghaus |first1=Brandon |last2=Vaughn |first2=Justin |title=Presidential Greatness Project |url=https://presidentialgreatnessproject.com/ |website=Presidential Greatness Project |access-date=April 30, 2025}}</ref> his political legacy is interwoven with the re-election of Trump in 2024.<ref name="legacyNeg1">{{cite web|last1=Shear|first1=Michael|last2=Kanno-Youngs|first2=Zolan|title=How Harris's Loss Could Haunt Biden's Legacy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/06/us/politics/harris-biden-legacy.html/|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 6, 2024|access-date=November 27, 2024|archive-date=November 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128161224/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/06/us/politics/harris-biden-legacy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Milestones==

===2020 election===
{{Main|Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|2020 United States presidential election|2021 United States Electoral College vote count}}
{{Further|2020 United States elections|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic National Convention}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege2020 with results.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2020 Electoral College vote results]]
Biden, who unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in [[Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign|1988]] and [[Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign|2008]], and later [[Vice presidency of Joe Biden|served as]] the 47th [[vice president of the United States]] under President [[Barack Obama]] from 2009 to 2017, announced [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|his candidacy]] for the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|nomination]] of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]] on April 25, 2019. In June 2020, Biden secured the Democratic nomination. [[2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection|Biden selected]] Senator [[Kamala Harris]] of California as his [[running mate]], and the two were officially nominated at the [[2020 Democratic National Convention]].

On November 7, four days after the election, Biden was projected to have secured the presidency. Biden won the [[2020 United States presidential election|presidential election]] with 306 electoral votes and 51.3% of the popular vote, while [[Donald Trump]] received 232 electoral votes and 46.8% of the popular vote.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 7, 2020|title=Biden wins White House, vowing new direction for divided US|url=https://apnews.com/article/fd58df73aa677acb74fce2a69adb71f9|access-date=November 7, 2020|work=[[Associated Press News]]|archive-date=January 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105221639/https://apnews.com/article/fd58df73aa677acb74fce2a69adb71f9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Epstein">{{cite news |first=Jennifer |last=Epstein |title=Biden Transition Team Calls on Federal Agency to Declare Winner|date=November 10, 2020 |work=[[Bloomberg.com|Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-10/biden-transition-team-calls-on-federal-agency-to-declare-winner|access-date=November 18, 2020|quote=Biden was declared the winner by media organizations after securing enough electoral votes.|archive-date=November 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118021042/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-10/biden-transition-team-calls-on-federal-agency-to-declare-winner|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Budryk">{{cite news|first=Zack|last=Budryk|title=Biden campaign pushes GSA chief to approve transition|date=November 9, 2020|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/525083-biden-campaign-pushes-gsa-chief-to-approve-transition|access-date=November 18, 2020|quote=Major media outlets projected Biden as the president-elect Saturday.|archive-date=November 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119023751/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/525083-biden-campaign-pushes-gsa-chief-to-approve-transition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Levin-2020">{{cite news|first=Bess|last=Levin|title=THE TRUMP APPOINTEE BLOCKING BIDEN'S TRANSITION IS REPORTEDLY TRYING TO LINE UP A NEW JOB FOR 2021|date=November 16, 2020|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/emily-murphy-joe-biden-transition|access-date=November 18, 2020|quote=But 13 days after the 2020 election and more than a week after all major media outlets called the race for Joe Biden, with Trump having absolutely no chance of getting a second term, Murphy has refused to acknowledge that Biden won, making it that much more difficult for the president-elect and his team to get a head start on crucial matters like a pandemic that has killed more than 245,000 people in the U.S. so far and stands to kill a lot more if no one does anything about it until January 2021.|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117185415/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/emily-murphy-joe-biden-transition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Young">{{cite news|last=Young|first=Robin|date=November 9, 2020|title=In Unprecedented Move, Key Federal Agency Hesitates On Declaring Biden Winner|website=[[WBUR-FM]]|url=https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/11/09/biden-trump-transition-of-power|url-status=live|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109204014/https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/11/09/biden-trump-transition-of-power|archive-date=November 9, 2020|quote=The answer is no, and I think you rightly note that this is different than what occurred in 2000 [in the Al Gore vs. George W. Bush race], there is a consensus certainly on the media side and with the states that are at play.}}</ref> The [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|Trump campaign]] launched at least [[Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election|63 lawsuits against the results]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sherman|first1=Amy|last2=Valverde|first2=Miriam|date=January 8, 2021|title=Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/08/joe-biden/joe-biden-right-more-60-trumps-election-lawsuits-l/|access-date=December 21, 2021|website=PolitiFact|language=en-US|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226163957/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/08/joe-biden/joe-biden-right-more-60-trumps-election-lawsuits-l/|url-status=live}}</ref> especially in the battleground states of [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], and [[2020 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], raising unsubstantiated claims of widespread voter fraud that were subsequently dismissed by courts.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Voreacos|first1=David|last2=Stohr|first2=Greg|last3=Niquette|first3=Mark|date=November 9, 2020|title=Trump's Legal Blitz Isn't Contesting Enough Votes to Win|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-09/trump-campaign-s-legal-blitz-isn-t-targeting-enough-votes-to-win|access-date=November 15, 2020|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127002308/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-09/trump-campaign-s-legal-blitz-isn-t-targeting-enough-votes-to-win|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 13, 2020|title=US election 2020: What legal challenges is Trump planning?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54724960|access-date=November 15, 2020|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206092807/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54724960|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count|electoral votes were certified]] on January 6–7, 2021. In the concurrent [[2020 United States elections|congressional elections]], Democrats secured a [[government trifecta]] after retaining their majority in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and winning back control of the [[United States Senate|Senate]], leaving the partisan balance in the Senate at 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans, with vice president [[Kamala Harris]]' [[List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States|tie-breaking vote]] giving Democrats control of the chamber.

===Transition period and inauguration===
{{main|Presidential transition of Joe Biden|Inauguration of Joe Biden}}
[[File:First photo posted to POTUS Biden Administration IG.jpg|thumb|Biden as President-elect]]
[[File:210120-Z-NI803-1735 (50885517087).jpg|thumb|[[U.S. National Guard]] soldiers at the Capitol, January 20, 2021]]
Though Biden was generally acknowledged as the winner,<ref name="Epstein"/><ref name="Budryk"/><ref name="Levin-2020"/><ref name="Young"/> [[General Services Administration]] head [[Emily W. Murphy]] initially refused to begin the transition to the president-elect, thereby denying funds and office space to his team.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news |last1=Rein |first1=Lisa |last2=O'Connell |first2=Jonathan |last3=Dawsey |first3=Josh |date=November 8, 2020 |title=A little-known Trump appointee is in charge of handing transition resources to Biden – and she isn't budging |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-gsa-letter-biden-transition/2020/11/08/07093acc-21e9-11eb-8672-c281c7a2c96e_story.html |access-date=November 9, 2020 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109100819/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-gsa-letter-biden-transition/2020/11/08/07093acc-21e9-11eb-8672-c281c7a2c96e_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Collinson |first1=Stephen |title=Alarm grows over Trump administration acting 'more akin to a dictatorship' as he denies election defeat |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/politics/donald-trump-joe-biden-transition/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111055831/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/politics/donald-trump-joe-biden-transition/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 23, after Michigan certified its results, Murphy issued the letter of ascertainment, granting the Biden transition team access to federal funds and resources for an orderly transition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daly |first1=Matthew |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |title=GSA ascertains Joe Biden is 'apparent winner' of election, clears way for the transition from Trump administration to formally begin |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/ct-gsa-joe-biden-transition-20201123-fqs77zryxzac5lysm2wscrmpiy-story.html |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=November 23, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123232731/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/ct-gsa-joe-biden-transition-20201123-fqs77zryxzac5lysm2wscrmpiy-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Two days after becoming the projected winner of the 2020 election, Biden announced the formation of a task force to advise him on the COVID-19 pandemic during the transition, co-chaired by former [[Surgeon General of the United States|Surgeon General]] [[Vivek Murthy]], former FDA commissioner [[David A. Kessler]], and Yale University's [[Marcella Nunez-Smith]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Sarah |last1=Mucha |first2=Eric |last2=Bradner |title=Biden transition team announces coronavirus advisers, including whistleblower Rick Bright |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/biden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright/index.html |access-date=November 12, 2020 |website=CNN |date=November 9, 2020 |archive-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209133805/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/biden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 5, 2021, the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] won control of the [[United States Senate]], effective January 20, as a result of electoral victories in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] by [[Jon Ossoff]] in a [[2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia|runoff election for a six-year term]] and [[Raphael Warnock]] in a [[2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia|special runoff election for a two-year term]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dennis |first1=Steven T. |last2=House |first2=Billy |last3=Flatley |first3=Daniel |title=Democrats Win U.S. Senate as Ossoff Tops Perdue in Georgia Sweep |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-06/democrats-win-u-s-senate-as-ossoff-tops-perdue-in-georgia-sweep |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128081134/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-06/democrats-win-u-s-senate-as-ossoff-tops-perdue-in-georgia-sweep |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Deirdre |last2=Snell |first2=Kelsey |title=Democrats Take Control Of Senate With Twin Georgia Victories |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/01/06/953712195/democrats-move-closer-to-senate-control-as-counting-continues-in-georgia |work=[[NPR]] |date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006135105/http://www.npr.org/2021/01/06/953712195/democrats-move-closer-to-senate-control-as-counting-continues-in-georgia |url-status=live }}</ref> President-elect Biden had supported and campaigned for both candidates prior to the [[two-round system|runoff elections]] on January 5.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wise |first1=Alana |title='The Power Is Literally In Your Hands': Biden Urges Georgians To Vote Tuesday |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/01/04/953359767/the-power-is-literally-in-your-hands-biden-urges-georgians-to-vote-tuesday |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=January 4, 2021 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303193020/https://www.npr.org/2021/01/04/953359767/the-power-is-literally-in-your-hands-biden-urges-georgians-to-vote-tuesday |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kate |title=Biden appears in campaign ad for Georgia's Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/politics/biden-campaign-ad-ossoff-warnock/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=December 17, 2020 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122183210/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/17/politics/biden-campaign-ad-ossoff-warnock/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 6, a mob of thousands of Trump supporters [[January 6 United States Capitol attack|violently stormed the Capitol]] in the hope of overturning Biden's election, forcing Congress to evacuate during the [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count|counting of the Electoral College votes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucas |first=Ryan |date=January 6, 2022 |title=Where the Jan. 6 insurrection investigation stands, one year later |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070736018/jan-6-anniversary-investigation-cases-defendants-justice |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[NPR]] |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106101200/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/06/1070736018/jan-6-anniversary-investigation-cases-defendants-justice |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tan |first1=Rebecca |last2=Jamison |first2=Peter |last3=Leonnig |first3=Carol D. |last4=Flynn |first4=Meagan |last5=Cox |first5=John Woodrow |title=Trump supporters storm U.S. Capitol, with one woman killed and tear gas fired |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html |access-date=March 10, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 6, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232624/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 26,000 National Guard members were deployed to the capital for the inauguration, with thousands remaining into the spring.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Helsel |first1=Phil |last2=Gains |first2=Mosheh |title=Defense secretary extends National Guard presence in D.C. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/defense-secretary-extends-national-guard-presence-d-c-n1260319 |access-date=March 11, 2021 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=March 9, 2021 |archive-date=March 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311145712/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/defense-secretary-extends-national-guard-presence-d-c-n1260319 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Biden oath of office.jpg|thumb|[[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[John Roberts]] administers the [[Oath of office of the President of the United States|presidential oath of office]] to Biden at [[United States Capitol|the Capitol]], January 20, 2021.]]
On January 20, 2021, [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|Biden was sworn in]] by [[U.S. Chief Justice]] [[John Roberts]] as the 46th [[president of the United States]], completing the [[Oath of office of the president of the United States|oath of office]] at 11:49 am EST, 11 minutes before the legal start of his term at 12:00 pm, EST.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden Inaugurated as the 46th President Amid a Cascade of Crises |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-president.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-president.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=January 20, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 20, 2021 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biden became president at noon despite taking oath early, constitutional experts say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/20/biden-constitutional-noon-sworn-in/ |first1=Paulina |last1=Firozi |first2=Kim |last2=Bellware |date=January 20, 2020 |access-date=January 20, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014073803/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/20/biden-constitutional-noon-sworn-in/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Inaugural address====
{{Wikisource|Joe Biden's Inaugural Address}}
Biden's inaugural speech laid out his vision to unite the nation, prefaced by the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|economic strife]], [[climate change]], [[political polarization]], and [[Racial inequality in the United States|racial injustice]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ashraf|first=Khalil|date=December 15, 2020|title=Biden to take oath outside Capitol amid virus restrictions|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-to-take-oath-outside-capitol-amid-virus-restrictions/2020/12/15/16e6d326-3f00-11eb-b58b-1623f6267960_story.html|access-date=December 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114194342/https://www.washingtonpost.com/|archive-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> Biden called for an end to the "uncivil war" of political, demographic, and ideological American cultures through a greater embrace of diversity.<ref name="Baker-2021">{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Peter|last2=Astor|first2=Maggie|last3=Kaplan|first3=Thomas|date=January 20, 2021|title=Inauguration Live Updates: President Biden Arrives at the White House|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/20/us/biden-inauguration|url-status=live|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120181241/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/20/us/biden-inauguration|archive-date=January 20, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He cited the [[American Civil War]], [[Great Depression]], [[world war]]s, and [[September 11 attacks]] as moments in American history where citizens' "better angels" prevailed, saying that the unity, the solution, must again be invoked to rise from the "cascading" crises of the present; this unity, he proclaimed, exists in the "common objects" that define America: "opportunity, liberty, dignity, respect, honor, and ... truth."<ref name="Thrush-2021">{{cite news|last=Thrush|first=Glenn|date=January 20, 2021|title=President Biden's Full Inauguration Speech, Annotated|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-inauguration-speech-transcript.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025634/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-inauguration-speech-transcript.html|archive-date=January 21, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="NPR-2021">{{cite news|date=January 20, 2021|title='This Is America's Day': Biden's Inaugural Address, Annotated|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/01/20/956922884/bidens-inaugural-address-annotated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120201236/https://www.npr.org/2021/01/20/956922884/bidens-inaugural-address-annotated|archive-date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=NPR}}</ref> He explicitly decried [[white supremacy]] and [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]], calling them an "ugly reality" of American life he vows to defeat that clouds the "American ideal" set out in the [[United States Declaration of Independence|U.S. Declaration of Independence]] — that [[All men are created equal|all Americans are equal]].<ref name="Baker-2021"/><ref name="NPR-2021"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lemire|first1=Jonathan|last2=Miller|first2=Zeke|last3=Jaffe|first3=Alexandria|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden takes the helm as president: 'Democracy has prevailed'|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-inauguration-a01d1ffa7862661914cb92b22e359854|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120212756/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-inauguration-a01d1ffa7862661914cb92b22e359854|archive-date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Associated Press}}</ref> Biden pledged that the U.S. would "engage with the world once again", "repair our alliances", and act as a "trusted partner for peace and security".<ref>{{cite web|last=Korecki|first=Natasha|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden pledges, once more, to lead America away from dystopia|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/20/biden-inauguration-america-dystopia-460840|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121084230/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/20/biden-inauguration-america-dystopia-460840|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 21, 2021|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Near the conclusion of his speech, Biden held a moment of silence for those who died in the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="Thrush-2021"/> Quoting the [[Gene Scheer]] composition "American Anthem",<ref>{{cite web|last=Yoo|first=Noah|date=January 20, 2021|title=President Biden Quotes From "American Anthem," His "Favorite Song," in Inaugural Address|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/president-biden-quotes-from-american-anthem-his-favorite-song-in-inaugural-address/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120213834/https://pitchfork.com/news/president-biden-quotes-from-american-anthem-his-favorite-song-in-inaugural-address/|archive-date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 22, 2021|website=Pitchfork}}</ref> he implored Americans to consider their legacy in answering the "call of history" to protect "democracy, hope, truth, and justice", "secure liberty", and make America a "beacon to the world", insisting that generations of their descendants would judge them on their actions.<ref name="Thrush-2021"/>

===First 100 days===
{{Main|First 100 days of the Biden presidency}}
The [[First hundred days (United States)|first hundred days]] of a President's term have been historically significant since the first term of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] who, in his first 100 days, worked on both legislative and executive actions to combat [[the great depression]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The First 100 Days: Franklin Roosevelt Pioneered the 100-Day Concept |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/history/articles/2009/02/12/the-first-100-days-franklin-roosevelt-pioneered-the-100-day-concept |date=2009-02-12 |last=Walsh |first=Kenneth T. |work=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=2025-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625131018/https://www.usnews.com/news/history/articles/2009/02/12/the-first-100-days-franklin-roosevelt-pioneered-the-100-day-concept |archive-date=2025-06-25}}</ref> In Biden's first hundred days, he signed [[List of executive actions by Joe Biden|42 executive orders]], more than any of his predecessors since [[Harry S. Truman]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Breslow|first=Jason|date=April 27, 2021|title=Biden's 1st 100 Days: A Look By The Numbers|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/27/988822340/bidens-1st-100-days-a-look-by-the-numbers|access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref> Many of these executive orders were reversals to [[Donald Trump]]'s policies and to resume where [[Barack Obama]]—under whom Biden [[Vice presidency of Joe Biden|served as vice president]]—left off after his two terms in office. On March 11, he signed the [[American Rescue Plan]], a $1.9 trillion bill to help relieve economic strain due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pramuk|first=Jacob|date=March 11, 2021|title=Biden signs $1.9 trillion Covid relief bill, clearing way for stimulus checks, vaccine aid|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/biden-1point9-trillion-covid-relief-package-thursday-afternoon.html|access-date=January 17, 2022|website=CNBC|language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210204311/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/biden-1point9-trillion-covid-relief-package-thursday-afternoon.html |archive-date=2023-02-10 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Administration==
{{Further|List of political appointments by Joe Biden}}
{{Biden cabinet infobox}}

Biden was inaugurated alongside [[Kamala Harris]], the first woman, first [[African American]], and first [[Asian American]] vice president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kamala Harris becomes first female, first black and first Asian-American VP |work=BBC News |date=January 20, 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55738741 |access-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-date=March 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322132559/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55738741 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On November 11, 2020, Biden selected [[Ron Klain]], who served as his vice presidential chief of staff, to serve as his [[White House chief of staff]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Glueck |first2=Katie |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |last4=Kaplan |first4=Thomas |date=November 12, 2020 |title=Biden Names Ron Klain as White House Chief of Staff |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/ron-klain-biden.html |access-date=November 12, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003452/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/ron-klain-biden.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden chose [[Jen Psaki]], deputy [[White House press secretary]] and [[Spokesperson for the United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State spokesperson]] during the [[presidency of Barack Obama]], as his White House press secretary. Psaki announced, and has held, daily press briefings for White House reporters. On March 25, 2021, Biden held his first solo press conference after 64 days in office,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaggaris|first1=Steve|last2=Roberts|first2=William|date=March 25, 2021|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/25/biden-holds-first-formal-press-conference-of-his-presidency|title=What Joe Biden said in his first presidential press conference|agency=Al Jazeera|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=June 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629072019/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/25/biden-holds-first-formal-press-conference-of-his-presidency|url-status=live}}</ref> unlike his most recent predecessors (back to [[Herbert Hoover]] in 1929), who all held their first solo press conferences within 33 days of taking office.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wooley |first1=John |last2=Peters |first2=Gerhard |title=Days from Taking Office to First News Conference |date=n.d. |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/content/days-from-taking-office-first-news-conference |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=[[University of California, Santa Barbara]] |access-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-date=March 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325142922/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/content/days-from-taking-office-first-news-conference |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stelter |first1=Brian |title=White House reporters clamor for press conference as Biden waits longer than predecessors |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/03/media/biden-press-conference-reliable-sources/index.html |access-date=March 4, 2021 |work=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2021 |archive-date=March 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315114653/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/03/media/biden-press-conference-reliable-sources/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On November 17, 2020, Biden announced that he had selected [[Mike Donilon]] as senior advisor and [[Steve Ricchetti]] as counselor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=November 17, 2020 |title=Biden builds White House team and tries to show dangers of Trump's intransigence |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-transition-trump/2020/11/17/cfb8a5c2-28ef-11eb-9b14-ad872157ebc9_story.html |access-date=November 21, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120174244/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-transition-trump/2020/11/17/cfb8a5c2-28ef-11eb-9b14-ad872157ebc9_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jen O'Malley Dillon]], who had served as campaign manager for Biden's successful presidential campaign, was named as deputy chief of staff.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lerer |first=Lisa |date=November 17, 2020 |title=Jennifer O'Malley Dillon, Biden's Campaign Manager, Will Tackle Another Difficult Job |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/us/politics/jennifer-omalley-dillon-biden.html |access-date=November 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110084600/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/us/politics/jennifer-omalley-dillon-biden.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Cabinet===
{{main|Cabinet of Joe Biden}}
{{See also|Vice presidency of Kamala Harris}}
Biden selected [[Antony Blinken]] to be secretary of state, [[Linda Thomas-Greenfield]] as ambassador to the United Nations, and [[Jake Sullivan]] as national security advisor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jakes |first=Lara |title=Biden Chooses Antony Blinken, Defender of Global Alliances, as Secretary of State |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html |access-date=November 22, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=November 22, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123015015/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Linskey |first=Annie |title=Biden to nominate Antony Blinken as secretary of state, Linda Thomas-Greenfield as U.N. ambassador |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/22/joe-biden-nominate-antony-blinken-secretary-state/ |access-date=November 22, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123031147/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/22/joe-biden-nominate-antony-blinken-secretary-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On November 23, 2020, Biden announced Alejandro Mayorkas to be his choice for [[Secretary of Homeland Security]] and [[Avril Haines]] as [[Director of National Intelligence]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/23/us/politics/biden-nominees.html |title=Biden Will Nominate First Woman to Lead Intelligence, First Latino to Run Homeland Security |access-date=November 23, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123170639/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/23/us/politics/biden-nominees.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout December and January, Biden continued to select cabinet members, including [[Marty Walsh]], the then current mayor of Boston, as his [[United States Secretary of Labor|Secretary of Labor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/joe-bidens-cabinet-begins-to-take-shape.html|title=All of President-elect Joe Biden's Cabinet Nominees|work=New York|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215201511/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/joe-bidens-cabinet-begins-to-take-shape.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cathey|first1=Libby|last2=Crawford|first2=Shannon K.|last3=Deliso|first3=Meredith|date=March 22, 2021|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-elect-joe-bidens-top-level-appointees-cabinet/story?id=74362384|title=President Joe Biden's top-level appointees and Cabinet picks|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=July 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708003227/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-elect-joe-bidens-top-level-appointees-cabinet/story?id=74362384|url-status=live}}</ref>

Biden altered his cabinet structure, elevating the chair of the [[Council of Economic Advisers]], director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]], and [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|ambassador to the United Nations]] as cabinet-level positions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=Biden to Elevate Science Adviser to His Cabinet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/science/biden-science-cabinet.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 16, 2021 |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206124904/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/science/biden-science-cabinet.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Falk |first1=Pamela |date=November 20, 2020 |title=Will Biden tap a U.N. ambassador to "reclaim America's leading position"? |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/joe-biden-un-ambassador-pick-can-reclaim-us-leading-position-at-united-nations/ |work=CBS News |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126094348/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/joe-biden-un-ambassador-pick-can-reclaim-us-leading-position-at-united-nations/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Martin |date=December 1, 2020 |title=Biden elevates Economic Advisers chair to Cabinet |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/528185-biden-re-adding-cea-chair-to-cabinet |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215195946/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/528185-biden-re-adding-cea-chair-to-cabinet |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden removed the [[director of the Central Intelligence Agency]] from his official cabinet at the onset of his presidency, but he restored it to the [[Cabinet of Joe Biden|cabinet]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Matthew |date=January 11, 2021 |title=Biden chooses veteran diplomat Burns as CIA director |url=https://apnews.com/article/william-burns-cia-director-5e1ffa2eb67fe00f661a9ce67c97790c |work=[[Associated Press News]] |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226003325/https://apnews.com/article/william-burns-cia-director-5e1ffa2eb67fe00f661a9ce67c97790c |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Biden Elevates C.I.A. Director to Become a Member of the Cabinet |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/21/us/politics/cia-director-burns-cabinet.html |access-date=August 9, 2023 |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |archive-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810123227/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/21/us/politics/cia-director-burns-cabinet.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

While administering the oath of office to hundreds of White House officials through [[video conferencing]], Biden called for more [[civility]] in politics, saying: "If you ever work with me and I hear you treat another colleague with disrespect, talk down to someone, I promise you I will fire you on the spot. ... No ifs, ands, or buts."<ref>{{cite news |last=Aggarwal |first=Mayank |title=Biden tells staff he will 'fire them on the spot' if they show disrespect to colleagues |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/biden-fire-staff-spot-disrespect-colleagues-b1790476.html |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213123437/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/biden-fire-staff-spot-disrespect-colleagues-b1790476.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Judicial appointments==
{{Further|Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}}
Of the [[Article III of the United States Constitution|Article III]] judges nominated by Biden, 235 of them were confirmed by the [[United States Senate]], including: one [[associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]], 45 judges for the [[United States courts of appeals]], 187 judges for the [[United States district courts]] and two judges for the [[United States Court of International Trade]]. Biden appointed the most [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal judges]] during the first two years of any presidency since [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gramlich |first=John |title=Biden has appointed more federal judges than any president since JFK at this point in his tenure |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/08/09/biden-has-appointed-more-federal-judges-than-any-president-since-jfk-at-this-point-in-his-tenure/ |access-date=January 14, 2025 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404145743/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/08/09/biden-has-appointed-more-federal-judges-than-any-president-since-jfk-at-this-point-in-his-tenure/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Notably, President Biden declined to select a nominee for a judicial vacancy on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit]] in his home state of [[Delaware]] even though the vacancy was announced eight months before his term ended.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raymond |first1=Nate |title=3rd Circuit's Jordan to retire, giving Biden a new seat to fill |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/3rd-circuits-jordan-retire-giving-biden-new-seat-fill-2024-05-09/ |website=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Jacqueline |title=Trump Appointees’ Debut Marks Third Circuit’s Rightward Tilt |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-appointees-debut-marks-third-circuits-conservative-tilt |website=Bloomberg Law |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref> Biden's decision not to fill the vacancy in his home state of Delaware on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit]] and unsuccessful nomination of [[Adeel A. Mangi]] to another [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit]] vacancy allowed President Trump to fill both seats in 2025 and flip the Third Circuit to a conservative majority.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Jacqueline |title=Trump Appointees’ Debut Marks Third Circuit’s Rightward Tilt |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-appointees-debut-marks-third-circuits-conservative-tilt |website=Bloomberg Law |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell-Sluchansky |first1=Carmen |title=Trump’s 3rd Circuit: President has power to remake Philly region’s highest federal court |url=https://whyy.org/articles/trump-federal-appeals-court-democrat-republican/ |website=WHYY |publisher=WHYY |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rubino |first1=Kathryn |title=Third Circuit Has Been Utterly Transformed By Donald Trump |url=https://abovethelaw.com/2025/10/third-circuit-has-been-utterly-transformed-by-donald-trump/ |website=Above the Law |publisher=Above the Law |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

===United States Supreme Court nominations===
{{Excerpt|Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates|Nomination of Ketanji Brown Jackson|hat=no}}

==Domestic affairs==
[[File:President Joe Biden speaking at the joint session of Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|President Biden addresses a joint session of Congress, with Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] and House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]], April 28, 2021.]]

===Health care===

Biden strongly campaigned for the presidency on the [[public option]], a policy that, if enacted into law, would have offered Americans a choice between maintaining their private healthcare insurance or buying into Medicare. The idea was viewed as a compromise between the progressive and moderate flanks of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. The Biden campaign described the public option as a "plan to protect and build on [[Affordable Care Act|ObamaCare]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden's health care plan |url=https://joebiden.com/healthcare/ |website=JoeBiden.com |publisher=Joe Biden's presidential campaign of 2020 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817025636/https://joebiden.com/healthcare/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

However, shortly before taking office in January 2021, Biden's team abruptly dropped the proposal, frustrating many online progressives who already viewed the public option healthcare proposal as a failure to fight the status quo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Joe Biden Lifted His Health Care Plan From Insurance Industry Lobbyists |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/01/joe-biden-public-option-health-insurance-plan |access-date=August 17, 2021 |publisher=Jacobin |date=January 19, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305195947/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/01/joe-biden-public-option-health-insurance-plan |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Biden administration rescinded work requirements for [[Medicaid]] recipients.<ref>{{cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|title=Biden administration pulls plug on Medicaid work requirements in Michigan|url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2021/04/07/michigan-medicaid-work-requirement-revoked/7117611002/|access-date=April 10, 2021|website=Detroit Free Press|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224954/https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2021/04/07/michigan-medicaid-work-requirement-revoked/7117611002/|url-status=live}}</ref> The administration opened a special enrollment period for the [[Affordable Care Act]] as well as extending the normal enrollment period, citing the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tami Luhby and Jeremy Diamond|title=Biden administration announces extension of Affordable Care Act special enrollment by three months|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/politics/affordable-care-act-enrollment-august/index.html|access-date=April 10, 2021|website=CNN|date=March 23, 2021|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224950/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/politics/affordable-care-act-enrollment-august/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Armour|first=Stephanie|date=March 23, 2021|title=Biden Administration Extends Enrollment Period for Affordable Care Act|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-administration-extends-enrollment-period-for-affordable-care-act-11616533263|access-date=April 10, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410213008/https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-administration-extends-enrollment-period-for-affordable-care-act-11616533263|url-status=live}}</ref> The administration provided larger premium subsidies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harwood|first=Analysis by John|title=Analysis: Biden strengthens Obama's legacy while seeking his own|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/11/politics/joe-biden-obamacare-legacy/index.html|access-date=April 11, 2021|website=CNN|date=April 11, 2021|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411125413/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/11/politics/joe-biden-obamacare-legacy/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2022, President Biden signed into law the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]]. The law allocates $64 billion<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romm |first=Tony |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Senate approves Inflation Reduction Act, clinching long-delayed health and climate bill |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2022/08/07/senate-inflation-reduction-act-climate/ |access-date=October 25, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204023207/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2022/08/07/senate-inflation-reduction-act-climate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> for a three-year expansion of Affordable Care Act subsidies originally expanded under the [[American Rescue Plan Act of 2021]] and $265 billion{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} for prescription drug price reform to lower prices, including providing Medicare the authority to negotiate the prices for certain drugs with pharmaceutical companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alltucker |first=Ken |title=Biden administration says Medicare negotiated price discounts on 10 prescription drugs |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2024/08/15/medicare-prescription-drugs-discounts/74799087007/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US |quote=Under President Joe Biden's 2022 climate and health legislation called the Inflation Reduction Act, Medicare was empowered to negotiate prices with pharmaceutical companies on a limited number of medications. |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817080015/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2024/08/15/medicare-prescription-drugs-discounts/74799087007/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

That same month, Biden signed into law the [[Honoring our PACT Act of 2022]], which expands federal health care access, services, and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during their service, including toxic smoke from [[burn pit]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Megerian |first1=Chris |title=Biden signs 'burn pits' help for vets; a personal win, too |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-veterans-obituaries-health-care-reform-jon-tester-cc45130782cfbf86ef29723514ce5e39 |work=[[Associated Press News]] |date=August 10, 2022 |access-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903020116/https://apnews.com/article/biden-veterans-obituaries-health-care-reform-jon-tester-cc45130782cfbf86ef29723514ce5e39 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Opioid epidemic ====
{{Main|Opioid epidemic in the United States}}
Drug overdoses killed 106,699 in the United States in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nearly 107,000 drug overdoses, COVID deaths, push US life expectancy to lowest in 25 years |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2022/12/22/final-cdc-tally-us-overdose-deaths-last-year/10943550002/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527101810/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2022/12/22/final-cdc-tally-us-overdose-deaths-last-year/10943550002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Opioids were involved in 80,411 [[opioid overdose|overdose deaths]] in 2021, up from around 10,000 in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opioid Deaths Could Hit 165,000 Annually Without Intervention, Biden Official Warns |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2023/06/07/opioid-deaths-could-hit-165000-annually-without-intervention-biden-official-warns/ |work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] |date=June 7, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313193639/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2023/06/07/opioid-deaths-could-hit-165000-annually-without-intervention-biden-official-warns/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2023, U.S. federal prosecutors announced criminal indictments of [[fentanyl]] precursor producers in China.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=Sarah N. |last2=Cohen |first2=Luc |last3=Lynch |first3=Sarah N. |last4=Cohen |first4=Luc |date=June 23, 2023 |title=US files first-ever charges against Chinese fentanyl manufacturers |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-files-first-ever-charges-against-chinese-fentanyl-manufacturers-2023-06-23/ |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624021232/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-files-first-ever-charges-against-chinese-fentanyl-manufacturers-2023-06-23/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2023, [[Office of Foreign Assets Control|OFAC]] sanctioned a China-based network of fentanyl manufacturers and distributors.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Goudsward |first1=Andrew |last2=Psaledakis |first2=Daphne |date=October 3, 2023 |title=US takes action against Chinese companies, people tied to fentanyl |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-sanctions-china-based-network-accused-trafficking-fentanyl-2023-10-03/ |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004062803/https://www.reuters.com/world/us-sanctions-china-based-network-accused-trafficking-fentanyl-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Presses China to Stop Flow of Fentanyl |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/15/business/economy/biden-xi-fentanyl.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 15, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313193639/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/15/business/economy/biden-xi-fentanyl.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, the Biden administration announced a crackdown on [[Mexican drug cartels]] smuggling fentanyl into the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mexican cartel targeted by Biden administration in multiple fentanyl indictments |url=https://coloradonewsline.com/briefs/mexican-cartel-biden-fentanyl-indictments/ |work=Colorado Newsline |date=April 14, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313193642/https://coloradonewsline.com/briefs/mexican-cartel-biden-fentanyl-indictments/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Rahul Gupta]] led White House efforts to combat the [[opioid epidemic]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Myah |last1=Ward |first2=Lauren |last2=Egan |title=Biden's top man on the opioid epidemic has created a 'toxic' office environment |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/16/white-house-drug-control-office-complaints-00142014 |work=[[Politico]] |date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313193640/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/16/white-house-drug-control-office-complaints-00142014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====COVID-19 pandemic====
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}}
{{further|U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic#Biden administration|Biden administration COVID-19 action plan}}

[[File:President Joe Biden visits Kalamazoo, Michigan (03).jpg|thumb|President Biden touring a vaccine manufacturing plant]]
On January 20, 2021, his first day as president, Biden implemented a [[100 Days Masking Challenge|federal mask mandate]], requiring the use of masks and social distancing in all federal buildings, on federal lands, and by federal employees and contractors.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. |title=Executive Order on Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing |date=January 21, 2021 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-the-federal-workforce-and-requiring-mask-wearing/ |publisher=White House |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210173328/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-the-federal-workforce-and-requiring-mask-wearing/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bradner"/><ref name="Everett-2022" /> Biden also signed an [[executive order]] that reversed the withdrawal of the U.S. from the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), making Dr. [[Anthony Fauci]] the head of the delegation to the WHO.<ref name="Bradner">{{cite news |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Klein |first2=Betsy |title=Biden targets Trump's legacy with first-day executive actions |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/executive-actions-biden/index.html |access-date=January 20, 2021 |work=CNN |date=January 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207052352/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/executive-actions-biden/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 21, the administration released a 200-page document titled "National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness".<ref>{{cite news|last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|date=January 21, 2021|title=Live Updates: Biden Set to Unveil Covid Response Plan|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/21/us/joe-biden|access-date=January 21, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121110634/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/21/us/joe-biden|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. |title=National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness |website=The White House |date=January 21, 2021 |url=https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/national-strategy-for-the-covid-19-response/c7bd8ecb9308d669/full.pdf |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121114155/https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/national-strategy-for-the-covid-19-response/c7bd8ecb9308d669/full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> That same day, Biden invoked the [[Defense Production Act of 1950|Defense Production Act]] to speed up the vaccination process and ensure the availability of glass vials, syringes, and other vaccine supplies at the federal level.<ref name="Associated Press-2021"/><ref>{{cite news |date=January 21, 2021 |title=Biden signs executive orders on COVID-19 response, authorizes broader use of Defense Production Act to speed vaccine |url=https://www.inquirer.com/wires/ap/biden-signs-executive-orders-covid-19-response-authorizes-broader-use-defense-production-act-speed-vaccine-20210121.html |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129035728/https://www.inquirer.com/wires/ap/biden-signs-executive-orders-covid-19-response-authorizes-broader-use-defense-production-act-speed-vaccine-20210121.html }}</ref> In justifying his use of the act, Biden said: "And when I say wartime, people kind of look at me like 'wartime?' Well, as I said last night, 400,000 Americans have died. That's more than have died in all of World War II. 400,000. This is a wartime undertaking."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vogt |first1=Adrienne |date=January 21, 2021 |title=Biden on Covid-19 plan: "This is a wartime undertaking" |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/president-joe-biden-news-01-21-20/h_1122c1996b539ee2bf80006978126494 |work=CNN |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121231510/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/president-joe-biden-news-01-21-20/h_1122c1996b539ee2bf80006978126494 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden established the [[White House COVID-19 Response Team]], a [[White House Office]] dedicated to coordinating a unified federal government response.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Collins|first1=Kaitlan|last2=Sullivan|first2=Kate|date=July 1, 2021|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/01/politics/delta-variant-white-house-response-teams/index.html|title=White House to deploy response teams focused on combating Delta variant of Covid-19|agency=CNN|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=July 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708135407/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/01/politics/delta-variant-white-house-response-teams/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to a report by [[Reuters]], in mid-2021 the Biden administration ended a military-run [[Propaganda in the United States|propaganda]] campaign to spread disinformation about the [[Sinovac Biotech|Sinovac]] Chinese COVID-19 vaccine which had begun in 2020 during the Trump administration.<ref name="Bing-2024">{{Cite news |last1=Bing |first1=Chris |last2=Schechtman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during Pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |access-date=June 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240614110549/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The campaign was described as "payback" for [[COVID-19 misinformation by China|COVID-19 disinformation by China]] directed against the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toropin |first=Konstantin |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Stands by Secret Anti-Vaccination Disinformation Campaign in Philippines After Reuters Report |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/06/14/pentagon-stands-secret-anti-vaccination-disinformation-campaign-philippines-after-reuters-report.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614223757/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/06/14/pentagon-stands-secret-anti-vaccination-disinformation-campaign-philippines-after-reuters-report.html |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |access-date=June 19, 2024 |website=[[Military.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Primarily targeting people in the [[Philippines–United States relations|Philippines]], the campaign used fake social media accounts to spread disinformation, including that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore ''[[haram]]'' under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name="Bing-2024" />

On January 21, 2021, Biden signed ten executive orders pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden signs 10 executive orders to tackle Covid-19 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55750884 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=BBC News |date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=February 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217203634/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55750884 |url-status=live }}</ref> In order to meet his vaccination goal of a hundred million shots in his first 100 days in office, Biden signed an executive order increasing needed supplies.<ref name="Klein-2021">{{cite news |last1=Klein |first1=Betsy |last2=Stracqualursi |first2=Veronica |last3=Sullivan |first3=Kate |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden unveils Covid-19 plan based on 'science not politics' as he signs new initiatives |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/biden-national-coronavirus-plan/index.html |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=CNN |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121140457/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/biden-national-coronavirus-plan/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Allegretti |first1=Aubrey |date=January 21, 2021 |title=COVID-19: US president Joe Biden signs 10 executive orders to curb spread of coronavirus |url=https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-us-president-joe-biden-signs-10-executive-orders-to-curb-spread-of-coronavirus-12194856 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=Sky News |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128042257/https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-us-president-joe-biden-signs-10-executive-orders-to-curb-spread-of-coronavirus-12194856 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden signed an order on January 21 that directed [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA]] to offer full reimbursements to states for the cost of using their own National Guard personnel and emergency supplies such as [[Personal Protective Equipment]] in schools.<ref name="Klein-2021"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |title=Biden Unveils a National Pandemic Response That Trump Resisted |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/us/politics/biden-coronavirus-response.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/us/politics/biden-coronavirus-response.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On January 24, 2021, Biden reinstated a travel ban imposed by President Trump on [[Brazil]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Ireland]], [[South Africa]], and 26 other European countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Kelly |title=Biden to reinstate Covid travel restrictions Trump rescinded, impose new ban on South Africa |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-sign-sweeping-coronavirus-related-travel-restrictions-n1255484 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=NBC News |date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124232120/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-sign-sweeping-coronavirus-related-travel-restrictions-n1255484 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=Jaclyn |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Biden To Implement Travel Restrictions To Combat New Coronavirus Variants |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/25/960229515/biden-to-implement-travel-restrictions-to-combat-new-coronavirus-variants |work=NPR |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125161813/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/25/960229515/biden-to-implement-travel-restrictions-to-combat-new-coronavirus-variants |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Saenz |first1=Arlette |last2=LeBlanc |first2=Paul |date=January 24, 2021 |title=Biden to reinstate Covid-19-related travel restrictions lifted by Trump |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/24/politics/biden-coronavirus-travel-trump/index.html |work=CNN |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124235153/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/24/politics/biden-coronavirus-travel-trump/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The travel ban prevents non-U.S. citizens living in the prospective countries from entering the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shepardson |first1=David |date=January 24, 2021 |title=Biden to impose South Africa travel ban to combat new COVID-19 variant |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-usa-travel-exclusi/exclusive-biden-to-impose-south-africa-travel-ban-to-combat-new-covid-19-variant-cdc-idUSKBN29T0P0 |work=Reuters |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125090734/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-usa-travel-exclusi/exclusive-biden-to-impose-south-africa-travel-ban-to-combat-new-covid-19-variant-cdc-idUSKBN29T0P0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden implemented a face mask requirement on nearly all forms of public transportation and inside of transportation hubs; previously, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) had recommended that such a policy be enacted but it was blocked by the Trump administration, under which the CDC issued strong, albeit non-binding recommendations for mask use in these settings.<ref>{{cite news|last=Belkin|first=Douglas|date=January 30, 2021|title=CDC to Require Masks on All Forms of Public Transportation|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-to-require-masks-on-all-forms-of-public-transportation-11612027813|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=January 30, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130173325/https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-to-require-masks-on-all-forms-of-public-transportation-11612027813|url-status=live}}</ref>

In mid-March 2021, Biden dismissed a request by the [[European Union]] to export unused COVID-19 vaccines from [[AstraZeneca]] out of the U.S. even though the manufacturer endorsed it and vowed to resupply the doses. The rationale for this decision, which contributed to low European vaccination rates, was that the U.S. had to be "over-supplied and over-prepared", according to White House press secretary [[Jen Psaki]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-12/astrazeneca-asks-biden-to-consider-shipping-u-s-doses-to-eu|title=Biden Rebuffs EU, AstraZeneca and Says U.S. Will Keep Its Doses|date=March 13, 2021|access-date=April 9, 2021|archive-date=March 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323022143/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-12/astrazeneca-asks-biden-to-consider-shipping-u-s-doses-to-eu|url-status=live}}</ref> Whereas the U.S. exported no vaccines, the European Union exported 77 million doses to the world from December 2020 to March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-summit-vaccines-exports-idUSKBN2BH2AG|title=EU exported 77 million COVID-19 vaccines since December Commission|publisher=Reuters|date=March 25, 2021|access-date=March 27, 2021|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326051209/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-summit-vaccines-exports-idUSKBN2BH2AG|url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually, the U.S. reversed course and gave vaccine doses from AstraZeneca to Mexico, Canada, and Japan by the end of March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blocked-eus-export-ban-japan-134245824.html|title=Blocked by the EU's export ban, Japan got its first AstraZeneca vaccines from the US instead|publisher=Yahoo! Sports|date=April 1, 2021|access-date=April 4, 2021|archive-date=January 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110104315/https://sports.yahoo.com/blocked-eus-export-ban-japan-134245824.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On May 6, 2021, the Biden administration announced that it supports waiving patent protections on existing COVID-19 vaccines so that other countries can produce generic variants, after weeks of pressure from the international community.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biden administration supports waiving patent protections for Covid vaccines to raise global production|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-administration-supports-waiving-patent-protections-covid-vaccines-bid-raise-n1266444|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=NBC News|date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=July 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716000855/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-administration-supports-waiving-patent-protections-covid-vaccines-bid-raise-n1266444|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 7, French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] called on the U.S. "to put an end to export bans not only on vaccines but on vaccine ingredients, which prevent production."<ref>{{cite web|title=Covid: Macron calls on US to drop vaccine export bans|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57039362|access-date=July 5, 2021|date=May 8, 2021|website=BBC|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611085137/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57039362|url-status=live}}</ref>

On May 26, 2021, Biden ordered [[U.S. intelligence agencies]] to increase their [[Investigations into the origin of COVID-19|investigations into the origin of the virus]], after reports that researchers at the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] became ill a month before the pandemic began.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biden orders review of US intelligence on origins of coronavirus|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/26/biden-orders-review-of-us-intel-on-origins-of-coronavirus|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=June 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601021759/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/26/biden-orders-review-of-us-intel-on-origins-of-coronavirus|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2021, amid a slowing of [[COVID-19 vaccination in the United States|the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country]] and the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]], Biden said that the U.S. has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated, touting the vaccines' effectiveness against hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jaffe|first1=Alexandra|last2=Madhani|first2=Aamer|date=July 22, 2021|title=Biden says getting COVID-19 vaccine 'gigantically important'|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-06b4c8c4e0a1d595d94883b24c4ed020|access-date=July 23, 2021|archive-date=July 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730080908/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-06b4c8c4e0a1d595d94883b24c4ed020|url-status=live}}</ref> He also criticized the prevalence of [[COVID-19 misinformation]] on social media, saying it was "killing people".<ref>{{cite news|date=July 17, 2021|title=Covid misinformation on Facebook is killing people - Biden|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57870778|access-date=July 23, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722091047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57870778|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite months of vaccine availability and incentives, by September many Americans continued to [[Vaccine hesitancy|resist vaccination]] amid rising cases in several states, hampering prospects towards [[herd immunity]]. On September 9, Biden stated, "We've been patient. But our patience is wearing thin, and your refusal has cost all of us." That day he issued an executive order directing businesses with more than 100 employees to require vaccination of their workers or weekly testing, affecting about 80 million Americans. The order also required the roughly 17 million employees of health facilities receiving federal Medicare or Medicaid to be vaccinated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-executive-branch-18fb12993f05be13bf760946a6fb89be|title=Sweeping new vaccine mandates for 100 million Americans|date=September 9, 2021|website=AP NEWS|access-date=September 10, 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921100629/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-executive-branch-18fb12993f05be13bf760946a6fb89be|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theweek.com/joe-biden/1004733/biden-tells-legal-challengers-to-have-at-it-after-announcing-vaccine-mandate|title=Biden tells legal challengers to 'have at it' after announcing vaccine mandate|website=The Week|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|archive-date=September 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921100514/https://theweek.com/joe-biden/1004733/biden-tells-legal-challengers-to-have-at-it-after-announcing-vaccine-mandate|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Biden administration responded to the global spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]] in December 2021 by advocating response by the states instead of the federal government.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Franck |first1=Thomas |title=Biden says Covid surge needs to be solved at state level, vows full federal support |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/27/biden-says-covid-surge-needs-to-be-solved-at-state-level-vows-full-federal-support.html |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=CNBC |date=December 27, 2021 |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230232821/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/27/biden-says-covid-surge-needs-to-be-solved-at-state-level-vows-full-federal-support.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the surge, the Biden administration has been criticized for a lack of [[COVID-19 tests]], exacerbating the spread of the Omicron variant. When questioned about the apparent shortage of tests, [[Jen Psaki]] replied, "Should we just send one to every American? Then what happens if every American has one test? How much does that cost and what happens after that?",<ref>{{cite news |title=Psaki on Covid tests: 'Should we just send one to every American?' |url=https://www.politico.com/video/2021/12/21/psaki-on-covid-tests-should-we-just-send-one-to-every-american-440759 |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=Politico |date=December 21, 2021 |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230214904/https://www.politico.com/video/2021/12/21/psaki-on-covid-tests-should-we-just-send-one-to-every-american-440759 |url-status=live }}</ref> causing backlash.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seddiq |first1=Oma |title=Psaki responds to criticism over her dismissal of sending Americans COVID-19 tests |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/psaki-responds-to-criticism-over-dismissal-of-at-home-covid-19-tests-2021-12 |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=Business Insider |date=December 21, 2021 |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230214903/https://www.businessinsider.com/psaki-responds-to-criticism-over-dismissal-of-at-home-covid-19-tests-2021-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Biden administration responded by promising an increased supply of at-home tests later in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |title=Biden concedes not enough has been done to expand Covid-19 testing capacity: 'We have more work to do' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/27/politics/biden-covid-governors/index.html |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=CNN |date=December 27, 2021 |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230223805/https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/27/politics/biden-covid-governors/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the midst of an all-time high of new COVID-19 cases,<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=The New York Times |date=December 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609144543/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Centers for Disease Control]] revised their guidelines, recommending five days of quarantine rather than ten without requiring a negative COVID-19 test.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=CDC Updates and Shortens Recommended Isolation and Quarantine Period for General Population |date=December 27, 2021 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1227-isolation-quarantine-guidance.html |access-date=December 30, 2021 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |archive-date=December 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231043241/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1227-isolation-quarantine-guidance.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This move was criticized by health experts who worry that without [[COVID-19 rapid antigen test|rapid testing]], COVID-positive people may unknowingly spread COVID-19 in workplaces under the recommended CDC guidelines. Others criticize the CDC for implementing this change after lobbying by [[Delta Air Lines]], leading to social media backlash against the federal government.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Foody |first1=Katie |last2=Miller |first2=Zeke |title=CDC move to shorten COVID isolation causes confusion and doubt |url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-12-28/cdc-move-to-shorten-covid-isolation-causes-confusion-and-doubt |access-date=December 30, 2021 |agency=Los Angeles Times |issue=December 28, 2021 |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230214834/https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-12-28/cdc-move-to-shorten-covid-isolation-causes-confusion-and-doubt |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2024, in a case entitled, [[Murthy v. Missouri|''Murthy v. Missouri,'']] [[Missouri]] and [[Louisiana]] filed suit against the Biden Administration, alleging that social media companies were coerced by the federal government into censoring posts critical of the government's response to COVID-19. In 2026, the Trump administration and the states reached a settlement, which would block the [[Surgeon General of the United States|U.S. Surgeon General]], the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]] (CISA) from threatening or coercing platforms with regulatory action to influence content moderation decisions for ten years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nazzaro |first=Miranda |date=2026-03-25 |title=Trump administration settles social media censorship case |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/5801022-doj-settlement-social-media/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260326062950/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/5801022-doj-settlement-social-media/ |archive-date=2026-03-26 |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Scarcella |first=Mike |date=March 24, 2026 |title=US settles social media censorship case, bars agencies from threatening penalties |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-settles-social-media-censorship-case-bars-agencies-threatening-penalties-2026-03-24/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>

====Cancer research====
[[File:P20220202AS-1791 (51918629370).jpg|thumb|President Biden announces the revival of the [[Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot]], February 2, 2022.]]

Biden gave a speech at the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]] on September 12, 2022, the 60th anniversary of Kennedy's ''[[We choose to go to the Moon|We Choose to Go to the Moon]]'' speech, promoting his administration's revival of the [[Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot]], including the new [[Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/09/12/metro/channeling-jfk-boston-visit-biden-breathes-new-life-into-cancer-moonshot/ |title=Channeling JFK in Boston visit, Biden breathes new life into cancer 'moonshot' |author=Jessica Bartlett |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914162636/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/09/12/metro/channeling-jfk-boston-visit-biden-breathes-new-life-into-cancer-moonshot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Economy===
{{see also|Economic policy of the Biden administration}}''[[The New Republic]]'' praised Biden's economic record in July 2024, highlighting record low unemployment leading to a growth in wages at the lower end of the wage distribution as workers had more bargaining power. However, overall [[Real wages|real median full-time wages]] stagnated throughout his time in office.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2025 |title=Employed full time: Median usual weekly real earnings: Wage and salary workers: 16 years and over |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LES1252881600Q |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=fred.stlouisfed.org |language=en}}</ref> The wealthiest 0.1% of Americans further expanded their share of [[Wealth inequality in the United States|household wealth]] from 13.2% to 13.8%,<ref name=":2" /> continuing the trend of the previous decades.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Horowitz |first1=Juliana Menasce |last2=Igielnik |first2=Ruth |last3=Kochhar |first3=Rakesh |date=January 9, 2020 |title=1. Trends in income and wealth inequality |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/01/09/trends-in-income-and-wealth-inequality/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> While inflation was painful, it has returned near its pre-pandemic rate and was similar to peer countries, though the U.S. economy has grown faster than its peers.<ref name="Baker-2024">{{Cite magazine |last=Baker |first=Dean |date=July 29, 2024 |title=The Biggest Success Story the Country Doesn't Know About |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/184223/biden-administration-success-story-country-doesnt-know |access-date=August 2, 2024 |magazine=The New Republic |issn=0028-6583 |archive-date=August 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804022057/https://newrepublic.com/article/184223/biden-administration-success-story-country-doesnt-know |url-status=live }}</ref> The expansion of the [[Affordable Care Act]], the [[Child tax credit (United States)|child tax credit]], $1400 [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus]] checks, and the expansion of [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|SNAP]] benefits boosted balance sheets for low and middle-income Americans.<ref name="Baker-2024" /> New business formation rose 30% from pre-pandemic levels, and was notably strong among women.<ref name="Baker-2024" /> Biden also signed three major pieces of longer-term economic legislation to repair infrastructure like roads, bridges and water pipes, boost [[semiconductor]] investment, and expand green energy.<ref name="Baker-2024" />

In February 2024, the total [[National debt of the United States|federal government debt]] grew to $34.4 trillion after having grown by approximately $1 trillion in both of two separate 100-day periods since the previous June.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fox|first=Michelle|date=March 1, 2024|title=The U.S. national debt is rising by $1 trillion about every 100 days|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/01/the-us-national-debt-is-rising-by-1-trillion-about-every-100-days.html}}</ref>

====Build Back Better Plan====
{{Main|Build Back Better Plan}}

{{More citations needed section|date=January 2025}}

The [[Build Back Better Plan]] was a proposed framework of public investment in social, infrastructural, and environmental programs. It was eventually divided into three parts. The American Rescue Plan was focused on [[COVID-19 pandemic]] relief, and was passed and signed into law in March 2021 as the [[American Rescue Plan Act of 2021]]. The second part called for investment in infrastructure and addressing [[climate change]], and was called the American Jobs Plan. Elements of the American Jobs Plan were the basis for the [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]], signed into law in November 2021. The third part, the American Families Plan, proposed investment in social policies, such as paid [[parental leave]]. The American Families Plan was merged with elements of the American Jobs Plan to form the [[Build Back Better Act]], introduced in September 2021. This passed the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], but failed to pass the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. Continued negotiations led to a new proposal, the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]] which included proposals addressing climate change, healthcare, and tax reform proposals while excluding Build Back Better's social safety net proposals. This was passed and signed into law in August 2022.

==== Consumer price reductions ====
The administration also pursued lower drug prices by allowing Medicare to negotiate the prices it pays and capping the price of [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]].<ref name="Baker-2024" />

In 2024, Biden pushed to limit [[junk fees]] through the FTC, [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] and [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau|CFPB]].<ref name="Narea-2024">{{Cite web |last=Narea |first=Nicole |date=August 13, 2024 |title=Biden wants to free you from all those subscriptions you meant to cancel but didn't |url=https://www.vox.com/policy/366838/biden-subscription-membership-junk-fees |access-date=August 14, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US |archive-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814022948/https://www.vox.com/policy/366838/biden-subscription-membership-junk-fees |url-status=live }}</ref>

Biden took antitrust more seriously than presidents in recent memory, as seen by the work of [[Lina Khan]] at the [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]],<ref name="Baker-2024" /> a historic court victory [[United States v. Google LLC (2020)|against Google's search monopoly]], and a [[United States v. Live Nation Entertainment|lawsuit]] to break-up [[Live Nation Entertainment|Live Nation]] and [[Ticketmaster]].<ref name="Narea-2024" />

=====Prescription medication=====
{{Main|Inflation Reduction Act}}

The [[Inflation Reduction Act]], signed into law on August 16, 2022, authorizes the [[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]] to directly negotiate a maximum fair price with drug manufacturers for specific expensive drugs under [[Medicare Part D]], slashing out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries covered by Medicare, whilst reducing government expenditure by upwards of $100 billion over ten years,<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBO Scores IRA with $238 Billion of Deficit Reduction|url=https://www.crfb.org/blogs/cbo-scores-ira-238-billion-deficit-reduction |access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget]]|date=September 7, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and raising revenue from rebates from manufacturers who raise prices faster than the rate of inflation, effectively penalizing [[price gouging]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding The Democrats’ Drug Pricing Package|url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/understanding-democrats-drug-pricing-package|access-date=2026-03-28|website=Health Affairs|date=August 10, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

The first series of ten drugs to be selected by the CMS for price negotiation were [[Januvia]], which was reduced from a 30-day price of $527 to $113, a number of drugs manufactured by [[Novo Nordisk]], from $495 to $119, [[Farxiga]], from $556 to $178.50, [[Enbrel]], from $7,106 to $2,355, [[Jardiance]], from $573 to $197, [[Stelara]], from $13,836 to $4,695, [[Xarelto]], from $517 to $197, [[Eliquis]], from $521 to $231, [[Entresto]], from $628 to $295, and [[Imbruvica]], from $14,934 to $9,319.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Selected Drugs and Negotiated Prices|url=https://www.cms.gov/priorities/medicare-prescription-drug-affordability/overview/medicare-drug-price-negotiation-program/selected-drugs-negotiated-prices|website=[[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]|access-date=2026-03-28|date=March 16, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Negotiated Drug Prices for Initial Price Applicability Year 2026|url=https://www.cms.gov/files/document/fact-sheet-negotiated-prices-initial-price-applicability-year-2026.pdf|website=[[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]|access-date=2026-03-28|date=March 16, 2026}}</ref> This series first went into effect on January 1, 2026.<ref name="kff-factsheet">{{Cite web|title=Key Facts About Medicare Drug Price Negotiation|url=https://www.kff.org/medicare/key-facts-about-medicare-drug-price-negotiation/|website=[[The Kaiser Family Foundation]]|access-date=2026-03-28|date=March 11, 2026}}</ref>

The CMS announced the second slate of fifteen drugs to be negotiated downwards in price on January 17, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Second Set of Part D Drugs for Medicare Negotiation Includes Blockbuster Diabetes and Weight-Loss Drugs|url=https://www.medicarerights.org/medicare-watch/2025/01/23/second-set-of-part-d-drugs-for-medicare-negotiation-includes-blockbuster-diabetes-and-weight-loss-drugs|website=Medicare Rights Center|access-date=2026-03-28|date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> This slate includes [[Ozempic]], [[Rybelsus]] and [[Wegovy]], all manufactured by Novo Nordisk, each negotiated down from a 30-day price of $959 to $274, [[Trelegy Ellipta]], from $654 to $175, [[Xtandi]], from $13,480 to $7,004, [[Pomalyst]], from $21,744 to $8,650, [[Ofev]], from $12,622 to $6,350, [[Ibrance]], $15,741 to $7,871, [[Linzess]], from $539 to $136, [[Calquence]], from $14,228 to $8,600, [[Austedo]] and [[Austedo XR]], from $6,623 to $4,093, [[Breo Ellipta]], from $397 to $67, [[Xifaxan]], from $2,696 to $1,000, [[Vraylar]], from $1,376 to $770, [[Tradjenta]], from $688 to $78, [[Janumet]] and [[Janumet XR]], from $526 to $80, and [[Otezla]] and [[Otezla XR]], from $4,722 to $1,650.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Negotiated Drug Prices for Initial Price Applicability Year 2027|url=https://www.cms.gov/files/document/fact-sheet-negotiated-prices-ipay-2027.pdf|website=[[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]|access-date=2026-03-28|date=March 16, 2026}}</ref> These negotiations are scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2027.<ref name="kff-factsheet" />

In 2026, the CMS announced the next round of price negotiation for fifteen prescription drugs covered by both [[Medicare Part B]] and Medicare Part D. These drugs are [[Trulicity]], [[Biktarvy]], [[Orencia]], [[Cosentyx]],[[Erleada]], [[Kisqali]], [[Entyvio]], [[Verzenio]], [[Botox]], [[Lenvima]], [[Xolair]], [[Rexulti]], [[Xeljanz]] and [[Xeljanz XR]], [[Anoro Ellipta]], and [[Cimzia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Selected Drug Prices for Initial Price Applicability Year 2028|url=https://www.cms.gov/files/document/factsheet-medicare-negotiation-selected-drug-list-ipay-2028.pdf|website=[[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]|access-date=2026-03-28|date=March 16, 2026}}</ref>

In total, coverage of the selected prescription drugs account for approximately 36% of all Medicare Part B and Part D annual expenditures, and reducing their prices would permit large reductions in government expenditure, not just cost-of-living reductions for Medicare recipients.<ref name="kff-factsheet" />

The Act also contains provisions to cap [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] prices for seniors enrolled on Medicare to $35 per month, and limit out-of-pocket prescription drug costs at $2,000 annually.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Important Health Measures in the Inflation Reduction Act|url=https://www.wordandbrown.com/NewsPost/inflation-reduction-act|access-date=2026-03-28|website=Word&Brown|date=September 27, 2022|language=en|archive-date=July 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716062007/https://www.wordandbrown.com/NewsPost/inflation-reduction-act|url-status=live}}</ref> The original version of the Act had a provision that penalized drug price increases that exceeded the rate of inflation for privately-insured beneficiaries, but was struck from the Act by the [[Parliamentarian of the United States Senate]] due to not being a budget-related provision eligible to be passed via [[budget reconciliation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Drug-Price Bill Pruned by Senate Arbiter in Partial Industry Win|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-06/democrats-drug-price-plan-is-trimmed-by-senate-parliamentarian|access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=August 6, 2022|language=en}}</ref>

=====American Rescue Plan Act of 2021=====
{{Main|American Rescue Plan Act of 2021}}

[[File:President Joe Biden signs the American Rescue Plan into law.jpg|thumb|President Biden signs the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 into law, March 11, 2021.]]

On January 14, 2021, Biden revealed a $1.9 trillion [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus]] bill, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.<ref name="Barrow">{{cite news |last1=Alonso-Zaldivar |first1=Ricardo |last2=Barrow |first2=Bill |title=Biden unveils $1.9T plan to stem COVID-19 and steady economy |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-coronavirus-action-plan-3d8d5841bb9098a81ad9452fb2619024 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=Associated Press |date=January 14, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120191741/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-coronavirus-action-plan-3d8d5841bb9098a81ad9452fb2619024 |url-status=live }}</ref> The plan includes $1 trillion in direct aid, including $1,400 per-person checks, for working Americans, and would provide for direct housing and nutrition assistance, expanding access to safe and reliable childcare and affordable healthcare, increasing the minimum wage, extending unemployment insurance, and giving families with kids and childless workers an emergency boost this year.<ref name="ReliefPDF">{{cite web|date=January 14, 2021|title=President-elect Biden Announces American Rescue Plan|url=https://buildbackbetter.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/COVID_Relief-Package-Fact-Sheet.pdf|website=The White House|access-date=January 21, 2021|archive-date=January 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123050648/https://buildbackbetter.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/COVID_Relief-Package-Fact-Sheet.pdf}}</ref><ref name="NLRrelief"/> It would also expand the eligibility of these checks to adult dependents who have been left out of previous rounds of relief.<ref name="ReliefPDF"/><ref name="NLRrelief"/><ref name="Barrow"/> The plan additionally includes $440 billion in community support, providing $350 billion of community support to first responders while the rest goes to grants for small businesses and transit agencies; $400 billion for a national vaccination plan and school reopenings; and $10 billion for information technology, modernizing federal cybersecurity infrastructure.<ref name="Barrow"/><ref name="NLRrelief">{{cite news |last1=Dodge |first1=Garen E. |last2=Sholinsky |first2=Susan Gross |date=January 19, 2021 |title=What's in President-Elect Biden's COVID-19 American Rescue Plan? |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/what-s-president-elect-biden-s-covid-19-american-rescue-plan |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=The National Law Review |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120134021/https://www.natlawreview.com/article/what-s-president-elect-biden-s-covid-19-american-rescue-plan |url-status=live }}</ref> In her first press briefing, press secretary Psaki said the plan was likely to change as negotiations continued, with the provision to increase the minimum wage later being excluded from the relief plan.<ref>{{cite web |author=The White House |date=January 21, 2021 |title=01/20/21: Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jen Psaki |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=842&v=N4WMxMJ-J3Y |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206001853/https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=842&v=N4WMxMJ-J3Y |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden signed the Plan into law on March 11, 2021, passing through both chambers of Congress with a [[party-line vote]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Montanaro |first=Domenico |date=March 13, 2021 |title=The COVID-19 Relief Bill Passed. What's Biden's Next Big Move? |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/13/976595300/the-covid-19-relief-bill-passed-whats-bidens-next-big-move |access-date=March 15, 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316143955/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/13/976595300/the-covid-19-relief-bill-passed-whats-bidens-next-big-move |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pramuk |first=Jacob |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Biden signs $1.9 trillion Covid relief bill, clearing way for stimulus checks, vaccine aid |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/biden-1point9-trillion-covid-relief-package-thursday-afternoon.html |access-date=March 17, 2021 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210204311/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/11/biden-1point9-trillion-covid-relief-package-thursday-afternoon.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The plan invokes the [[Defense Production Act of 1950]] to ensure the production of [[personal protective equipment]], glass vials, syringes, and other supplies exceeds the demand.<ref name="ReliefPDF"/> It allows partners of states to create vaccine centers in stadiums, convention centers and pharmacies.<ref name="Associated Press-2021">{{cite news |title=Biden's COVID-19 plan: Masks, testing, more vaccine supplies |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-pandemics-coronavirus-pandemic-2cceeb30ccf92784a84cbfa16ed6c3ca |date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121111756/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-pandemics-coronavirus-pandemic-2cceeb30ccf92784a84cbfa16ed6c3ca |url-status=live }}</ref> The federal government would identify communities that have been hit hardest by COVID-19, and ensure the vaccine does not reach them at an unfair pace.<ref name="NLRrelief"/><ref name="ReliefPDF"/><ref name="Associated Press-2021"/> In addition, the plan would launch a national campaign to educate Americans about the vaccine and COVID-19, targeting [[Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic|misinformation related to the pandemic]].<ref name="Associated Press-2021"/> Vaccines would also be freely available to all citizens regardless of immigration status.<ref name="ReliefPDF"/> In Biden's plan, he would issue a national testing strategy that attempts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by increasing laboratory capacity and expanding testing. The plan would also develop new treatments for COVID-19.<ref name="ReliefPDF"/><ref name="Barrow"/><ref name="NLRrelief"/><ref name="Associated Press-2021"/>

=====American Families Plan=====
{{Main|Build Back Better Plan#American Families Plan}}

On April 28, during Biden's speech to Congress he unveiled the American Families Plan, a roughly $1.8 trillion proposal to significantly increase federal spending in areas related to [[childcare]], [[paid leave]], [[pre-kindergarten]], [[community college]], and [[Healthcare in the United States|healthcare]].<ref name="WaPo">{{cite news|last=Stein|first=Jeff|date=April 24, 2021|title=White House's new $1.8 trillion 'families plan' reflects ambitions — and limits — of Biden presidency|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/24/biden-families-plan-tax/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426132610/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/24/biden-families-plan-tax/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WaPo-2">{{cite news|last1=Stein|first1=Jeff|last2=Pager|first2=Tyler|date=April 19, 2021|title=White House closes in on 'families plan' spending proposal centered on child care, pre-K, paid leave|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/19/white-house-families-plan/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420111028/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/19/white-house-families-plan/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered to be the third part of Biden's "Build Back Better" agenda (the first being the [[American Rescue Plan]] and the second being the [[American Jobs Plan]]).<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last=Tankersley|first=Jim|date=April 22, 2021|title=Biden Will Seek Tax Increase on Rich to Fund Child Care and Education|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/business/economy/biden-taxes.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/business/economy/biden-taxes.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|website=[[The New York Times]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The bill was effectively merged with climate change and other provisions that didn't make it into the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, for a total $3.5 trillion [[Build Back Better Act]]. However, the bill did not have Republican support, and Democrats struggled to win the support of Senator [[Joe Manchin]] of West Virginia to pass it on a [[party-line vote]] through [[Reconciliation (United States Congress)|budget reconciliation]], even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/|title=Biden sets $1.9 - $2.2 trillion price range for social safety net bill in call with House progressives|website=[[CBS News]]|date=October 5, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=October 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023023747/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the bill ultimately failed to match his envisioned cost, Manchin publicly rejected it, dooming its passage.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan|title = Joe Manchin says he won't support President Biden's Build Back Better plan|website = NPR|date = December 19, 2021|last1 = Seipel|first1 = Arnie|access-date = April 11, 2022|archive-date = April 11, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025452/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan|url-status = live}}</ref>

==== Labor ====
On January 22, 2021, Biden signed an executive order that removed schedule F, overturning a number of Trump's policies that limited the [[collective bargaining]] power of federal unions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wagner |first=Erich |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden to Sign Executive Order Killing Schedule F, Restoring Collective Bargaining Rights |url=https://www.govexec.com/management/2021/01/biden-sign-executive-order-killing-schedule-f-restoring-collective-bargaining-rights/171569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122171636/https://www.govexec.com/management/2021/01/biden-sign-executive-order-killing-schedule-f-restoring-collective-bargaining-rights/171569/ |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=Government Executive}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ogrysko |first=Nicole |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden to repeal Schedule F, overturn Trump workforce policies with new executive order |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/workforce/2021/01/biden-to-repeal-schedule-f-overturn-trump-workforce-policies-with-new-executive-order/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145328/https://federalnewsnetwork.com/workforce/2021/01/biden-to-repeal-schedule-f-overturn-trump-workforce-policies-with-new-executive-order/ |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=Federal News Network}}</ref> Biden's executive order also promotes a $15 [[minimum wage]] for federal workers and repeals three of Trump's executive orders which made the employee discipline process stricter and restricted union representatives' access to office space. As well as promoting a $15 minimum wage, Biden's executive order increases the amount of money going to the families of children who are missing meals because of school closures due to the pandemic by 15%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boak |first=Josh |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden's executive actions for economic relief at a glance |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/bidens-executive-actions-for-economic-relief-at-a-glance/2021/01/22/fc4f89dc-5cf4-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130233354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/bidens-executive-actions-for-economic-relief-at-a-glance/2021/01/22/fc4f89dc-5cf4-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.html |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> The repealing of Trump's three executive orders comes as the orders were used to transfer civil servants and career scientists and replace them with employees friendly to the Trump administration.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lienhard |first=Kelly |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden Axes Trump's EO That Made It Easier To Fire Career Scientists |url=https://insidehealthpolicy.com/daily-news/biden-axes-trump%E2%80%99s-eo-made-it-easier-fire-career-scientists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122213824/https://insidehealthpolicy.com/daily-news/biden-axes-trump%E2%80%99s-eo-made-it-easier-fire-career-scientists |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=Inside Health Policy}}</ref>

On inauguration day 2021, Biden fired pro-business [[Peter B. Robb|Peter Robb]], then general counsel of the [[National Labor Relations Board]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Alex Gangitano and Jordan |date=January 21, 2021 |title=Biden fires Trump-era NLRB counsel |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/labor/535181-biden-fires-trump-era-nlrb-counsel/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830213606/https://thehill.com/regulation/labor/535181-biden-fires-trump-era-nlrb-counsel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> replacing him with pro-union [[Jennifer Abruzzo]] in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NLRB Welcomes Jennifer Abruzzo as General Counsel |url=https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/the-nlrb-welcomes-jennifer-abruzzo-as-general-counsel |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=National Labor Relations Board |language=en |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830213607/https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/the-nlrb-welcomes-jennifer-abruzzo-as-general-counsel |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden's NLRB has pursued action against [[Starbucks]]' and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s alleged anti-union activities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niedzwiadek |first=Nick |date=May 9, 2022 |title=NLRB stretches its wings under Biden's appointees |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/weekly-shift/2022/05/09/nlrb-stretches-its-wings-under-bidens-appointees-00030967 |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=POLITICO |language=en |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830213607/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/weekly-shift/2022/05/09/nlrb-stretches-its-wings-under-bidens-appointees-00030967 |url-status=live }}</ref> On August 24, 2023, the NLRB reinstated [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama-era]] policies regarding union elections, speeding up the timeline by removing restrictions such as resolving [[Lawsuit|litigation]] before holding an election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wiessner |first=Daniel |date=August 24, 2023 |title=NLRB restores Obama-era rule speeding up union election process |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/nlrb-restores-obama-era-rule-speeding-up-union-election-process-2023-08-24/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830213606/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/nlrb-restores-obama-era-rule-speeding-up-union-election-process-2023-08-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late 2022, Biden signed a bill forcing an agreement between union workers and rail companies in order to prevent a strike, earning him criticism from progressives and rail workers.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 2, 2022 |title=Why 'Union Joe' Made it Illegal for Rail Workers to Strike |url=https://time.com/6238361/joe-biden-rail-strike-illegal/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830162955/https://time.com/6238361/joe-biden-rail-strike-illegal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hsu |first=Andrea |title=Some rail workers say Biden "turned his back on us" in deal to avert rail strike |website=[[NPR]] |date=December 2, 2022 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/12/02/1140265413/rail-workers-biden-unions-freight-railroads-averted-strike |access-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830162948/https://www.npr.org/2022/12/02/1140265413/rail-workers-biden-unions-freight-railroads-averted-strike |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Ben |date=November 29, 2022 |title=Inside Biden's decision to halt a rail strike |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/29/bidens-congress-halt-rail-strike-00071251 |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=POLITICO |language=en |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830162948/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/29/bidens-congress-halt-rail-strike-00071251 |url-status=live }}</ref> Afterwards, Biden pressured the rail companies to offer [[Sick leave|paid sick leave]] to workers, which had been a key demand in the original planned strike.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bose |first=Nandita |date=February 9, 2023 |title=White House renews pressure on railroads over paid sick leave |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/white-house-renews-pressure-railroads-over-paid-sick-leave-2023-02-09/ |access-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124124509/https://www.reuters.com/business/white-house-renews-pressure-railroads-over-paid-sick-leave-2023-02-09/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 60% of rail workers had sick leave agreements in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shepardson |first=David |date=June 6, 2023 |title=Most unionized US rail workers now have new sick leave |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/most-unionized-us-rail-workers-now-have-new-sick-leave-2023-06-05/ |access-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-date=September 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924122106/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/most-unionized-us-rail-workers-now-have-new-sick-leave-2023-06-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the [[2023 United Auto Workers strike]], Biden repeated union leader [[Shawn Fain]]'s motto "record profits, record contracts" and expressed support for the workers in negotiations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 15, 2023 |title=UAW strike: Biden says striking car workers deserve 'fair share' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66822558 |access-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915171936/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66822558 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden assigned two White House officials to aid in negotiation efforts, senior adviser [[Gene Sperling]] and [[Acting (law)|acting]] [[United States Secretary of Labor|Labor Secretary]] [[Julie Su]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/ |access-date=September 20, 2023 |website=www.msn.com |archive-date=January 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131090906/https://www.msn.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 26, Biden joined striking UAW workers on the [[picketing|picket line]] in Michigan, becoming the first president to do so.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 26, 2023|title=Biden visits the picket line in Michigan to show solidarity with striking UAW|language=en-US|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/biden-picket-line-michigan-uaw/index.html|access-date=September 26, 2023|archive-date=September 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926185932/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/09/26/politics/biden-picket-line-michigan-uaw/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Biden became the first US president to run for election with a [[Trade union|unionized]] campaign staff for his [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 election]] run.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Weissert |first1=Will |last2=Miller • |first2=Zeke |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Pro-Labor? Biden Aims to Prove It With Unionized 2024 Staff |url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/politics/pro-labor-biden-aims-to-prove-it-with-unionized-2024-staff/3120988/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=NBC Los Angeles |language=en-US |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830162949/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/politics/pro-labor-biden-aims-to-prove-it-with-unionized-2024-staff/3120988/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Biden administration helped to resolve the [[2024 United States port strike]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Jeff |last2=Duncan |first2=Ian |last3=Gurley |first3=Lauren Kaori |date=October 4, 2024 |title=How Biden helped end a port strike that threatened Democrats in November |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/10/04/biden-white-house-harris-port-strike/ |access-date=November 5, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125035115/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/10/04/biden-white-house-harris-port-strike/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Antitrust law enforcement====
{{Main|Federal Trade Commission#Biden administration}}
Federal agencies under the Biden administration enforced antitrust laws more vigorously than seen in previous administrations ever since the [[Chicago school of economics]] supplanted the structuralist thought of the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden administration steps up antitrust enforcement|url=https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2021/11/antitrust-enforcement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829182349/https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2021/11/antitrust-enforcement/|website=[[American Bar Association]]|url-status=live|archive-date=August 29, 2024|date=November 2021|access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref> This shift was embodied by the administration's embrace of the [[New Brandeis movement|New Brandeis]] school of antitrust enforcement, represented by Biden's appointment of [[Lina Khan]] as the [[Chair of the Federal Trade Commission|Chair]] of the [[Federal Trade Commission]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kelly|first1=Makena|date=March 22, 2021|title=Biden to nominate tech antitrust pioneer Lina Khan for FTC commissioner|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/22/22321092/lina-khan-ftc-tech-antitrust-law-regulation-amazon|access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|language=en|archive-date=March 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322195017/https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/22/22321092/lina-khan-ftc-tech-antitrust-law-regulation-amazon|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jonathan Kanter]] to serve as the [[United States Assistant Attorney General|Assistant Attorney General]] for the [[United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division]] of the [[United States Department of Justice]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khardori|first=Ankush|title=Opinion {{!}} It Took Forever to Get Confirmed. Now All He Has to Do is Fix All of Antitrust Law.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/12/14/antitrust-enforcement-obstacles-kanter-justice-department-524187|access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[POLITICO]]|date=December 14, 2021|language=en}}</ref> and [[Tim Wu]] to serve as the Special Assistant to the President for Technology and Competition Policy on the President's [[National Economic Council (United States)|National Economic Council]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kang|first=Cecilia|date=March 5, 2021|title=A Leading Critic of Big Tech Will Join the White House|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/technology/tim-wu-white-house.html|access-date=2026-03-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> among others.

Biden signed [[Executive Order 14036]] on July 9, 2021, directing federal agencies to cooperatively engage a seventy-two point "whole-of-government" plan impounding aggressive enforcement of antitrust legislation and jurisprudence to defeat domestic market consolidation and the creation of monopolies or [[cartel]]s across multiple industries, which he believes will foster competition and innovation, decrease costs, combat exploitative pricing, increase consumer flexibility and buying power, and allow workers to better negotiate for fairer wages or working conditions, or seek higher-paying jobs in the event of impasse. The [[executive order]] accordingly created a White House Competition Council, which would "coordinate, promote, and advance Federal Government efforts to address overconcentration, monopolization, and unfair competition in or directly affecting the American economy."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/07/09/executive-order-on-promoting-competition-in-the-american-economy/|website=[[The White House]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712020755/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/07/09/executive-order-on-promoting-competition-in-the-american-economy/|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2021|date=July 9, 2021|access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref>

The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission adopted a more hardline stance on large mergers,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Failed Deals Climb as Antitrust Enforcers Push Aggressive Agenda|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/antitrust/failed-deals-climb-as-antitrust-enforcers-push-aggressive-agenda|date=September 23, 2024|access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[Bloomberg Law]]}}</ref> reflected in the updated agency guidelines issued in late 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Department and Federal Trade Commission Release 2023 Merger Guidelines|url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-and-federal-trade-commission-release-2023-merger-guidelines|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311173948/https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-and-federal-trade-commission-release-2023-merger-guidelines|archive-date=March 11, 2025|date=December 18, 2023|access-date=2026-03-28|url-status=live|website=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> The FTC took action against at least thirty-eight mergers between June 2021 and November 2023, with the FTC authorizing staff to file an administrative complaint or seek a [[preliminary injunction]] in federal court to halt the progress of these mergers. In half of these mergers, the parties involved abandoned their plans after the FTC issued its complaint. In one, the parties structurally modified the terms of the merger and sold off numerous assets in order to comply with existing antitrust legislation in response to the threat of litigation. In another, the parties agreed to a consent order prohibiting them from engaging in the conduct alleged by the FTC. Another fourteen mergers beyond these were abandoned during the FTC's investigation, and with another fourteen, the FTC ordered a series of divestitures to prevent the mergers from resulting in harm to the markets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Department and Federal Trade Commission Release 2023 Merger Guidelines|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2023.11.3_chair_khan_letter_to_rep._tiffany_re_merger_challenges.pdf|date=November 3, 2023|access-date=2026-03-28|website=[[Federal Trade Commission]]}}</ref>

The Federal Trade Commission brought to trial four times as many billion-dollar merger challenges between 2021 and late 2024 than it did in the period between 2017 and 2021, and 2008 and 2017. A significantly larger proportion of merger challenges between 2021 and late 2024 ended in the merge attempt being abandoned compared to the 2017-21 interval and 2016 by a factor of nearly three, exceeding the total number of abandoned mergers of the preceding decade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition at a Crossroads: A Comparative Guide to Recent White House Records on Antimonopoly Policy|url=https://www.economicliberties.us/our-work/competition-at-a-crossroads/|date=October 30, 2024|access-date=2026-03-28|website=American Economic Liberties Project}}</ref>

====Banking====
{{See also|2023 banking crisis}}

After the [[Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank]] in 2023, Biden expressed opposition to a [[bailout]] that was borne by taxpayers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cathey|first=Libby|title=Amid crisis, Biden tells Americans 'banking system is safe'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-speaks-banking-crisis/story?id=97820883|website=ABC News|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=March 14, 2023|archive-date=March 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314045608/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-speaks-banking-crisis/story?id=97820883|url-status=live}}</ref> He also claimed that the [[Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act|partial roll-back]] of [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act|Dodd-Frank regulations]] contributed to the bank failures.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hunnicutt|first=Trevor|title=Biden vows new bank rules after SVB collapse, cites Trump rollback|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/biden-defend-us-banking-system-after-svb-signature-collapse-2023-03-13/|website=Reuters|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=March 14, 2023|archive-date=March 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314045605/https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/biden-defend-us-banking-system-after-svb-signature-collapse-2023-03-13/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Domestic manufacturing====
Biden signed an executive order intended to support domestic manufacturers by increasing a federal preference for purchasing goods made wholly or partly in the U.S. Using the broad term "Made in America laws", the executive order's stated goal is to strengthen "all statutes, regulations, rules, and Executive Orders relating to Federal financial assistance awards or Federal procurement, including those that refer to 'Buy America' or '[[Buy American]].'"<ref name="whit_Executive_Order_on_Ensuring">{{cite web |title=Executive Order on Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America's Workers |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. Jr. |publisher=[[The White House]] |date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-ensuring-the-future-is-made-in-all-of-america-by-all-of-americas-workers/ |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125224514/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-ensuring-the-future-is-made-in-all-of-america-by-all-of-americas-workers/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cnn._Biden_signs">{{cite news |title=Biden signs executive order aimed at strengthening American manufacturing |last=Lobosco |first=Katie |work=CNN |date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/biden-executive-orders-manufacturing-buy-american/index.html |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128170821/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/biden-executive-orders-manufacturing-buy-american/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On August 9, 2022, Biden actively promoted and signed into law the [[CHIPS and Science Act]], which authorized $52 billion for domestic semiconductor research and manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Lamar |date=August 9, 2022 |title=Biden ends slog on semiconductor bill with signature |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/09/biden-ends-slog-on-semiconductor-bill-with-signature-00050530 |access-date=August 9, 2022 |website=[[POLITICO]] |language=en |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621192521/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/09/biden-ends-slog-on-semiconductor-bill-with-signature-00050530 |url-status=live }}</ref> On August 16, 2022, Biden signed the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]] into law, which included provisions to support the domestic production of solar panels, wind turbines, and other infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shivaram |first1=Deepa |title=Democrats passed a major climate, health and tax bill. Here's what's in it |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/08/07/1116190180/democrats-are-set-to-pass-a-major-climate-health-and-tax-bill-heres-whats-in-it |work=NPR |date=August 12, 2022 |access-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902101738/https://www.npr.org/2022/08/07/1116190180/democrats-are-set-to-pass-a-major-climate-health-and-tax-bill-heres-whats-in-it |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to incentives from the CHIPS and Science Act, [[Micron Technology]] will invest billions in new semiconductor manufacturing in [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=October 4, 2022 |title=Micron Pledges Up to $100 Billion for Semiconductor Factory in New York |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/04/technology/micron-chip-clay-syracuse.html |access-date=November 8, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006000024/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/04/technology/micron-chip-clay-syracuse.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Trade====
In 2021 ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that instead of negotiating access to Chinese markets for large American financial-service firms and pharmaceutical companies, the Biden administration might focus on trade policies that boost exports or domestic jobs. [[U.S. Trade Representative]] [[Katherine Tai]] said the administration wants a "worker-centered trade policy".<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden Team Promises New Look in Trade Policy |last=Davis |first=Bob |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=January 24, 2021 |access-date=January 26, 2021 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-team-promises-new-look-in-trade-policy-11611484201 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125211154/https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-team-promises-new-look-in-trade-policy-11611484201 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Biden set his sights on China |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=January 26, 2021 |access-date=January 26, 2021 |url=https://www.axios.com/biden-administration-china-policy-trump-136a1da4-f49d-42df-9fb6-29090a589087.html |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126120503/https://www.axios.com/biden-administration-china-policy-trump-136a1da4-f49d-42df-9fb6-29090a589087.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] [[Gina Raimondo]] aggressively enforced trade rules to combat unfair practices by China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Biden's Commerce Pick Vows to Combat China and Climate Change |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/economy/gina-raimondo-commerce.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126113413/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/economy/gina-raimondo-commerce.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, in her first interview since taking office, U.S. Trade Representative Tai told ''The Wall Street Journal'' the U.S. would not lift tariffs on Chinese imports (implemented under the Trump administration as urged by [[Peter Navarro]]) in the near future, despite lobbying efforts from "free traders" including former [[U.S. Secretary of Treasury]] [[Hank Paulson]] and the [[Business Roundtable]], a big-business group in the U.S., that pressed for tariff repeal.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Trade Representative Says U.S. Isn't Ready to Lift China Tariffs |last1=Davis |first1=Bob |last2=Hayashi |first2=Yuka |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=March 29, 2021 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-trade-representative-says-u-s-isnt-ready-to-lift-china-tariffs-11616929200 |archive-date=March 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328160259/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-trade-representative-says-u-s-isnt-ready-to-lift-china-tariffs-11616929200 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, the U.S. suspended its diplomatic trade engagement with [[Myanmar]] after a rise in violence perpetrated by the [[Tatmadaw|Burmese military]] against anti-[[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|coup]] protesters.<ref>{{cite news|last=Klein|first=Betsy|title=US suspends all diplomatic trade engagement with Myanmar after weekend of violence against pro-democracy protesters|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/29/politics/us-trade-suspension-myanmar/index.html|access-date=March 30, 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=March 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329205610/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/29/politics/us-trade-suspension-myanmar/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2024, the Biden administration raised [[tariff]]s on Chinese imports, including a doubling for [[solar cell]]s; tripling for [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries]]; and increases for steel, aluminum, and medical equipment. This marks the first time that critical minerals, including [[Rare-earth magnet|rare earth magnets]]—key components in electric and hybrid vehicles—have been specifically included in the tariffs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Su |first=Annie |date=May 15, 2024 |title=US to impose 25% import tariffs on Chinese rare earth magnets in 2026 |url=https://www.fastmarkets.com/insights/us-to-impose-25-import-tariffs-on-chinese-rare-earth-magnets/ |access-date=June 20, 2024 |website=Fastmarkets |language=en-US |archive-date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618213528/https://www.fastmarkets.com/insights/us-to-impose-25-import-tariffs-on-chinese-rare-earth-magnets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> China produces and refines over 90 percent of the world's [[Rare-earth element|rare earth material]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |title=Rinehart's New Attack On China's Rare Earth Dominance |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/timtreadgold/2024/04/16/rineharts-new-attack-on-chinas-rare-earth-dominance/ |access-date=June 20, 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611222538/https://www.forbes.com/sites/timtreadgold/2024/04/16/rineharts-new-attack-on-chinas-rare-earth-dominance/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The tariff increases will be phased in over a period of three years.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |last2=Hussein |first2=Fatima |last3=Wiseman |first3=Paul |last4=Tang |first4=Didi |date=May 14, 2024 |title=Biden hikes tariffs on Chinese EVs, solar cells, steel, aluminum — and snipes at Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-china-tariffs-electric-vehicles-evs-solar-2024ba735c47e04a50898a88425c5e2c |access-date=May 16, 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516122028/https://apnews.com/article/biden-china-tariffs-electric-vehicles-evs-solar-2024ba735c47e04a50898a88425c5e2c |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Infrastructure====
{{see also|Build Back Better Plan|Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act}}
[[File:President Biden after signing the Infrastructure Investment and Job Act into law.jpg|thumb|President Biden signs the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act into law, November 15, 2021.]]

As a part of the Build Back Better Plan, the Biden administration aimed for massive spending on the nation's infrastructure on the order of $2 trillion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Brian|date=January 21, 2021|title=Joe Biden's business allies discuss ways to pay for infrastructure plan, including a carbon tax|work=[[CNBC]]|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/21/biden-infrastructure-plan-carbon-tax.html|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=February 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215025408/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/21/biden-infrastructure-plan-carbon-tax.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of the physical infrastructure provisions featured in the proposal were included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Biden signed the Act into law on November 15, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biden signs infrastructure bill, marking victory in hard-fought legislative battle|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-sign-infrastructure-bill-marking-victory-hard-fought-legislative-battle-n1283910|access-date=November 18, 2021|publisher=NBC News|date=November 15, 2021|language=en|archive-date=November 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115200818/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-sign-infrastructure-bill-marking-victory-hard-fought-legislative-battle-n1283910|url-status=live}}</ref>

This final version included approximately $1.2 trillion in spending, with $550 billion being newly authorized spending on top of what [[United States Congress|Congress]] was planning to authorize regularly.<ref name=npr20211106>{{cite news |last1=Sprunt |first1=Barbara |last2=Kim |first2=Caitlyn |last3=Shivaram |first3=Deepa |date=November 6, 2021 |title=Biden says final passage of $1 trillion infrastructure plan is a big step forward |language=en |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1050012853/the-house-has-passed-the-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan-sending-it-to-bidens-des |access-date=November 14, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121111856/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1050012853/the-house-has-passed-the-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan-sending-it-to-bidens-des |url-status=live }}</ref> The bill included $7.5 billion for electric vehicle charging.<ref name="Osaka-2024">{{Cite news |last=Osaka |first=Shannon |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Biden's $7.5 Billion Investment in EV Charging has Only Produced 7 Stations in Two Years |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/03/28/ev-charging-stations-slow-rollout/ |access-date=May 5, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512030617/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/03/28/ev-charging-stations-slow-rollout/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of March 2024, seven charging stations with a total of 38 spots for charging vehicles had been built.<ref name="Osaka-2024" />

====Inflation====
{{See also|2021–2023 inflation surge}}

Longer-term variables that preceded the pandemic and contributed to the rise in inflation include structural [[housing shortage]]s,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Derby |first=Michael S. |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Fed's Harker says housing shortage a key inflation driver |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-harker-says-housing-shortage-key-inflation-driver-2022-09-27/ |work=Reuters |archive-date=March 20, 2024 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320232640/https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-harker-says-housing-shortage-key-inflation-driver-2022-09-27/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Katy |last2=Guida |first2=Victoria |date=November 10, 2021 |title=Biden's next inflation threat: The rent is too damn high |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/10/rent-inflation-biden-520642 |work=Politico |quote=Housing costs just posted one of their largest monthly gains in decades, and many economists expect them to loom large in inflation figures over the next year heading into the 2022 midterm elections. It’s not just economists — the Federal Reserve Bank of New York said in research released Monday that Americans on average expect rents to rise 10.1 percent over the next year, the highest reading in the survey’s history. |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724220633/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/10/rent-inflation-biden-520642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mena |first1=Bryan |last2=Bahney |first2=Anna |date=March 8, 2024 |title=Biden says he can fix America's housing affordability crisis. Will it work? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/economy/fed-biden-housing-affordability-crisis/index.html |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=CNN Business |publisher=CNN |language=en |quote=Fed Chair Jerome Powell in testimony this week said a growing housing shortage is likely to result in continued housing inflation. |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724220633/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/economy/fed-biden-housing-affordability-crisis/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> impacts of climate change on food, energy and home insurance prices,<ref name="Becker-2024">{{Cite web |last=Becker |first=William S. |date=July 22, 2024 |title=Opinion: Climate inflation is eating your paycheck — and it's only going to get worse |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/4782252-climate-inflation-economic-impact/ |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726090432/https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/4782252-climate-inflation-economic-impact/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2024 |title=How is climate change affecting food prices and inflation? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2024/7/11/how-is-climate-change-affecting-food-prices-and-inflation |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=July 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730172223/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2024/7/11/how-is-climate-change-affecting-food-prices-and-inflation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=March 21, 2024 |title=Higher temperatures mean higher food and other prices. A new study links climate shocks to inflation |url=https://apnews.com/article/inflation-climate-change-food-prices-heat-6e5297e12868aaf797529bb755268818 |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> as well as the size of [[government debt]] and deficits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ip |first=Greg |date=November 2, 2022 |title=To Solve Inflation, First Solve Deficits, This Theory Advises |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/to-solve-inflation-first-solve-deficits-this-theory-advises-11667391310 |work=WSJ |archive-date=July 27, 2024 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727075738/https://www.wsj.com/articles/to-solve-inflation-first-solve-deficits-this-theory-advises-11667391310 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Schneider |first1=Howard |last2=Slobin |first2=Sarah |date=June 25, 2024 |title=The Trump Biden Rematch |url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/USA-ELECTION/TRUMP-BIDEN-ECON/lgvdoowmkpo/ |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=Reuters |language=en |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803013113/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/USA-ELECTION/TRUMP-BIDEN-ECON/lgvdoowmkpo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chancellor |first=Edward |date=April 14, 2023 |title=A flawed but useful economic model for a bleak age |url=https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/flawed-useful-economic-model-bleak-age-2023-04-14/ |work=Reuters |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520063421/https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/flawed-useful-economic-model-bleak-age-2023-04-14/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the midst of recovery from COVID-19, inflation rose to the highest rate in forty years peaking at 9.1% in 2022, with many other major global economies reaching similar level.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ivanova |first1=Irina |title=U.S. inflation in January surged at fastest rate in 40 years |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inflation-consumer-price-index-January-2022/ |work=CBS News |date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309081138/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inflation-consumer-price-index-january-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arnold |first1=Martin |title=German inflation hits 40-year high as ECB president warns of 'supply shock' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2f2fb7cc-3039-416b-ad22-f42315d0b1d0 |work=Financial Times |date=March 10, 2022 |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713163929/https://www.ft.com/content/2f2fb7cc-3039-416b-ad22-f42315d0b1d0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Elliot |title=UK inflation hits new 40-year high of 9.1% as food and energy price surge persists |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/22/uk-inflation-hits-new-40-year-high-of-9point1percent-as-food-and-energy-price-surge-persists.html |publisher=CNBC |date=June 22, 2022 |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725194025/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/22/uk-inflation-hits-new-40-year-high-of-9point1percent-as-food-and-energy-price-surge-persists.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cole |first1=Wayne |title=Australian inflation hits 20-yr high, May rate rise seen in play |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/australian-inflation-hits-20-year-high-brings-rate-rises-near-2022-04-27/ |publisher=Reuters |date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713163935/https://www.reuters.com/business/australian-inflation-hits-20-year-high-brings-rate-rises-near-2022-04-27/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ayres |first1=Marcella |title=Brazil's inflation hits highest for April in 26 years, +12.1% in 12 months |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/brazils-inflation-hits-highest-april-26-years-121-12-months-2022-05-11/ |publisher=Reuters |date=May 11, 2022 |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713163935/https://www.reuters.com/business/brazils-inflation-hits-highest-april-26-years-121-12-months-2022-05-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden stated during his first [[2022 State of the Union Address|State of the Union Address]] on March 1, 2022, that addressing inflation was his "top priority", while touting an anti-inflation plan that he said would address ocean shipping costs and prescription drug prices.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smialek |first1=Jeanna |title=Biden Says Fighting Inflation Is 'Top Priority' as Prices Bite Consumers |work=The New York Times |date=March 2022 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/01/us/politics/inflation-biden-state-of-the-union.html |access-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309000411/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/01/us/politics/inflation-biden-state-of-the-union.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] resulted in increases in food and energy prices.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/8/bidens-posturing-on-russian-oil-risks-wider-conflict-analysts "Biden's 'posturing' on Russian oil risks wider conflict: Analysts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309091647/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/8/bidens-posturing-on-russian-oil-risks-wider-conflict-analysts |date=March 9, 2022 }} ''aljazeera.com''. Retrieved March 8, 2022.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Suleymanova |first1=Radmilla |date=March 8, 2022 |title=Biden's 'posturing' on Russian oil risks wider conflict: Analysts |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/8/bidens-posturing-on-russian-oil-risks-wider-conflict-analysts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309091647/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/8/bidens-posturing-on-russian-oil-risks-wider-conflict-analysts |archive-date=March 9, 2022 |access-date=March 8, 2022 |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

At the end of 2023, the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] found that without housing inflation, inflation would have been just 1.8%, instead of 3.2%.<ref name="Boak-2024">{{Cite web |last=Boak |first=Josh |date=March 15, 2024 |title=Why are so many voters frustrated by the US economy? It's home prices |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-inflation-housing-trump-home-price-rent-248ef02e197c3a7ffb801e370c529d33 |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en |quote= |archive-date=July 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728002822/https://apnews.com/article/biden-inflation-housing-trump-home-price-rent-248ef02e197c3a7ffb801e370c529d33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Katy O'Donnell of ''Politico'' argued that housing shortages, caused by artificial scarcity driven by [[NIMBY]]ism, had been the single-biggest contributor to inflation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Donnell |first=Katy |date=March 18, 2022 |title=The main driver of inflation isn't what you think it is |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/18/housing-costs-inflation-00015808 |work=Politico |quote=But when it comes to the single biggest driver of runaway prices, Washington’s hands are mostly tied. Skyrocketing housing costs may create even bigger problems for the administration going forward than oil and food price spikes, which are the result of sudden and unforeseen — but probably temporary — events. That’s because there’s no clear end in sight for shelter inflation. |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726231912/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/18/housing-costs-inflation-00015808 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Freddie Mac]] estimated that the housing shortage surged 52% between 2018 and 2020.<ref name="Boak-2024"/> Between 2020 and 2023 [[Climate change and insurance in the United States|climate-change exacerbated home insurance premiums in the U.S.]] by 33%.<ref name="Becker-2024"/> July 2024 data showed that inflation had dropped to 2.9%, with rising rents and childcare costs as the main drivers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narea |first=Nicole |date=August 14, 2024 |title=The inflation crisis appears to be over. What happens next? |url=https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/367103/inflation-report-cpi-ppi-us-economy-fed-rate-cut |access-date=August 14, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US |archive-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814212619/https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/367103/inflation-report-cpi-ppi-us-economy-fed-rate-cut |url-status=live }}</ref>

Most economists surveyed by the ''[[WSJ]]'' in July 2024 found that inflation would be worse under a second Trump administration compared to a second Biden term, due in part to tariffs, a crack down on illegal immigration, and larger deficits.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kiernan |first1=Paul |last2=DeBarros |first2=Anthony |date=July 11, 2024 |title=Economists Say Inflation Would Be Worse Under Trump Than Biden |url=https://www.wsj.com/economy/economists-say-inflation-would-be-worse-under-trump-than-biden-263bc900 |work=The Wall Street Journal |quote=Conducted July 5–9...of the 50 who answered questions about Trump and Biden 56% said inflation would be higher under another Trump term than a Biden term, versus 16% who said the opposite...Fifty-one percent of economists anticipate larger federal budget deficits under a Trump presidency, compared to 22% under Biden. |archive-date=August 2, 2024 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802080650/https://www.wsj.com/economy/economists-say-inflation-would-be-worse-under-trump-than-biden-263bc900 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Taxation====
Biden changed the practice of [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] agents disproportionately auditing lower-income Americans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hager |first=Eli |date=November 2, 2024 |title=Trump Says He'll Fight for Working-Class Americans. His First Presidency Suggests He Won't. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/donald-trump-agenda-working-class |access-date=November 4, 2024 |website=ProPublica |language=en |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106195233/https://www.propublica.org/article/donald-trump-agenda-working-class |url-status=live }}</ref>

Finance officials from 130 countries agreed on July 1, 2021, to plans for a new international taxation policy. All the major economies agreed to pass national laws that would require corporations to pay at least 15% income tax in the countries they operate. This new policy would end the practice of locating world headquarters in small countries with very low taxation rates. Governments hope to recoup some of the lost revenue, estimated at $100 billion to $240 billion each year. The new system was promoted by the Biden administration and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ([[OECD]]). Secretary-General [[Mathias Cormann]] of the OECD said: "This historic package will ensure that large multinational companies pay their fair share of tax everywhere."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Kate |last2=Hannon |first2=Paul |date=July 1, 2021 |title=U.S. Wins International Backing for Global Minimum Tax |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-wins-international-backing-for-global-minimum-tax-11625153698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704175101/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-wins-international-backing-for-global-minimum-tax-11625153698 |archive-date=July 4, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

===Energy, environment, and climate===
{{see also|Environmental policy of the Biden administration}}
[[File:Biden visits Texas after winter storm damage (1).jpg|thumb|President Biden and Texas governor [[Greg Abbott]] visit the Harris County Emergency Operations Center in Houston after the [[2021 Texas power crisis]], February 2021.]]

==== General ====
During his first week in office, Biden established the position of [[White House National Climate Advisor]], appointing [[environmental health]] and [[air quality]] expert [[Gina McCarthy]] to the role. Biden also created the position of [[U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate]], appointing former secretary of state [[John Kerry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/ |website=The White House |date=January 27, 2021 |access-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318102001/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 20, 2021, Biden signed an executive order rejoining the U.S. to the [[Paris Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sommer|first=Lauren|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden Moves Quickly On Climate Change, Reversing Trump Rollbacks|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958854421/biden-moves-quickly-on-climate-change-reversing-trump-rollbacks|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212190103/https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958854421/biden-to-move-quickly-on-climate-change-reversing-trump-rollbacks|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Volcovici|first1=Valerie|last2=Hunnicutt|first2=Trevor|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden set to rejoin Paris climate accord, impose curbs on U.S. oil industry Author of the article|publisher=Financial Times|url=https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/biden-set-to-rejoin-paris-climate-accord-impose-curbs-on-u-s-oil-industry-5|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205090441/https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/biden-set-to-rejoin-paris-climate-accord-impose-curbs-on-u-s-oil-industry-5|url-status=live}}</ref> With the U.S. rejoining the agreement, countries responsible for two-thirds of the global [[greenhouse gas emissions]] would make pledges of becoming carbon neutral, while without United States it is only half.<ref>{{cite web|title=Secretary-General welcomes US return to Paris Agreement on Climate Change|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/01/1082602|access-date=January 22, 2021|website=UN News|date=January 20, 2021|publisher=United Nations|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202232113/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/01/1082602|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, Biden also issued an executive order that cancelled the construction of the [[Keystone XL]] pipeline, an extension of the [[Keystone Pipeline]]. The pipeline was heavily criticized by environmental and Native American activists and groups.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Doyle|title=Biden is taking bold action on climate change and the environment: Here's what we know about the Paris Agreement and the Keystone XL|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/21/biden-environment-orders-target-paris-agreement-keystone-pipeline/6657211002/|access-date=January 22, 2021|website=USA Today|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122000705/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/21/biden-environment-orders-target-paris-agreement-keystone-pipeline/6657211002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ferguson|first=Danielle|title=South Dakota tribes applaud cancellation of Keystone XL Pipeline, Thune decries 'bad decision'|url=https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2021/01/21/south-dakota-tribes-applaud-cancellation-biden-keystone-xl-pipeline/4243581001/|access-date=January 22, 2021|website=Argus Leader|archive-date=February 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217204627/https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2021/01/21/south-dakota-tribes-applaud-cancellation-biden-keystone-xl-pipeline/4243581001/|url-status=live}}</ref> This order also directed agencies to review and reverse more than 100 actions made by Trump on the environment.<ref name="Bradner"/>

On March 27, 2021, Biden invited more than forty world leaders for a climate summit.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 27, 2021|title=Biden invites Russia, China to first global climate talks|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-barack-obama-climate-climate-change-d7ccfff957ff6cdf500d3bb7692ab5ff|access-date=March 30, 2021|website=AP News|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327075324/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-barack-obama-climate-climate-change-d7ccfff957ff6cdf500d3bb7692ab5ff|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2022, Biden signed the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]] into law, a domestic spending bill born out of continued negotiations on the Build Back Better Act after its collapse that fulfilled some of its initial provisions. The bill included significant federal investment in domestic clean energy production, combating climate change, and healthcare; it aims to reduce U.S. carbon emissions by 40% from peak 2005 levels by 2030, included a three-year extension of [[Affordable Care Act]] subsidies, and empowered Medicare to begin negotiating lower prescription drug costs for the first time.<ref name="Everett-2022" />

In May 2022, the [[White House Council on Environmental Quality]] released a report in which it describes how Biden's administration followed the around 200 recommendations of the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council. The full report has around 150 pages. The report summarizes many of the steps taken by the administration on environmental issues. Among others, it mentions significant achievements in the domains of [[Energy efficiency implementation|energy efficiency]], [[weatherization]], [[transit-oriented development]], [[Walkability|walking]], [[cycling]], [[mixed-use development]], cooperation with [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden-⁠Harris Administration Outlines Historic Progress on Environmental Justice in Report Submitted to Congress |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ceq/news-updates/2022/05/23/biden-harris-administration-outlines-historic-progress-on-environmental-justice-in-report-submitted-to-congress-2/ |website=The White House |date=May 23, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531021057/https://www.whitehouse.gov/ceq/news-updates/2022/05/23/biden-harris-administration-outlines-historic-progress-on-environmental-justice-in-report-submitted-to-congress-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2024 Biden delivered $20 billion to eight environmental [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]]. The aim is to reduce the country's {{CO2}} emissions by 40 million tonnes per year with the money, while giving 70% of the benefits to low income communities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joselow |first1=Maxine |title=America's new high-risk, high-reward $20 billion climate push |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/04/04/epa-greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |agency=Washington Post |date=April 4, 2024 |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408061658/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/04/04/epa-greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EPA head Regan defends $20B green bank: 'I feel really good about this program' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/epa-head-regan-defends-20b-green-bank-feel-108896740 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=April 5, 2024 |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407083124/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/epa-head-regan-defends-20b-green-bank-feel-108896740 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same month, the [[American Climate Corps]] is expected to begin function with several hundred members. The tasks will probably be "things like installing solar panels, restoring vulnerable habitats, and fire hazard prevention." Biden plans increase the number of participants to 20,000 during the first year and then 50,000 more will be added each year by 2031. However, this plan is opposed by Republicans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=HULLINGER |first1=JESSICA |title=Want to get a job as one of Biden's 20,000 climate workers? Here's what you need to know |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/91073271/want-to-get-a-job-as-one-of-bidens-20000-climate-workers-heres-what-you-need-to-know |website=Fast Company |date=April 2, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407091439/https://www.fastcompany.com/91073271/want-to-get-a-job-as-one-of-bidens-20000-climate-workers-heres-what-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2024, the administration announced guidelines around carbon markets. They push for increased verifiability from suppliers and transparency from buyers. The guidelines are not binding or enforceable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=July 17, 2024 |title=Will Burying Biomass Underground Curb Climate Change? |url=https://undark.org/2024/07/17/bury-biomass-curb-climate-change/ |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2024, the Biden administration withheld federal funding from [[Climate Justice Alliance]], a move which CJA and [[The Intercept]] connected to its support for a ceasefire in Gaza and other progressive policy issues that had made it a target of Republican scrutiny.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lacy |first=Akela |date=November 29, 2024 |title=Biden Makes His Own Attack on Nonprofit Over Palestine |url=https://theintercept.com/2024/11/29/biden-climate-funding-palestine/ |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US |archive-date=November 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130233143/https://theintercept.com/2024/11/29/biden-climate-funding-palestine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Oil, gas extraction and transportation ====
On January 21, 2021, the Biden administration issued a 60-day ban on oil and gas leases and permits on federal land and waters.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Matthew |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden halts oil and gas leases, permits on US land and water |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-billings-a3a37acf2fce55449b704b01badc1f67 |website=Associated Press |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123011937/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-billings-a3a37acf2fce55449b704b01badc1f67 |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 27, 2021, Biden signed a number of executive orders aimed at [[Climate change mitigation|combating climate change]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Melissa |date=January 28, 2021 |title='It's time to act': Biden rolls out new actions on climate change |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-signs-executive-actions-climate-change/ |access-date=January 29, 2021 |work=CBS News |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211052704/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-signs-executive-actions-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> one of them setting climate change as a key consideration for U.S. national security and foreign policy.<ref name="abcn_Bideb_says">{{cite web|last1=Ebbs|first1=Stephanie|last2=Kolinovsky|first2=Sarah|date=January 27, 2021|title=Biden says tackling climate change will create jobs, bring economic recovery|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-sign-executive-order-climate-change/story?id=75510742|access-date=January 28, 2021|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127225854/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-sign-executive-order-climate-change/story?id=75510742|url-status=live}}</ref> In an attempt to encourage U.S. membership to the [[Kigali Amendment]], an international agreement aimed to reduce the production of [[hydrofluorocarbon]]s, Biden's executive order directed the [[U.S. Department of State]] to submit the Kigali Amendment to the Senate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waldman |first1=Scott |title=Five Things in Biden's Climate Day Orders That Flew Under the Radar |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/five-things-in-bidens-climate-day-orders-that-flew-under-the-radar/ |access-date=January 29, 2021 |work=Scientific American |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129012012/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/five-things-in-bidens-climate-day-orders-that-flew-under-the-radar/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hillbrand |first1=Alex |last2=Doniger |first2=David |date=January 27, 2021 |title=Biden Announces Move to Ratify Kigali Amendment on HFCs |url=https://www.nrdc.org/experts/alex-hillbrand/biden-announces-move-ratify-kigali-amendment-hfcs |access-date=January 29, 2021 |work=NRDC |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129033620/https://www.nrdc.org/experts/alex-hillbrand/biden-announces-move-ratify-kigali-amendment-hfcs |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:President Joe Biden at the Leaders Summit on Climate (01).jpg|thumb|Biden at the [[2021 Leaders' Climate Summit|Leaders Summit on Climate]] in April 2021, held [[Web conferencing|virtually]] because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]]]

In March 2021, 21 Republican [[state attorneys general]] of 21 states sued the Biden administration for revoking the Keystone XL pipeline permit. The suit claims Biden's executive order exceeded his authority.<ref>{{cite web|last=Quinn|first=Melissa|date=March 18, 2021|title=21 states sue Biden for revoking Keystone XL pipeline permit|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/keystone-pipeline-21-states-sue-biden/|access-date=March 19, 2021|website=CBS News|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318174935/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/keystone-pipeline-21-states-sue-biden/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/21-republican-led-states-sue-biden-over-keystone-xl-rejection-n1261356|publisher=NBC News|title=21 Republican-led states sue Biden over Keystone XL rejection|author=Josh Lederman|date=March 17, 2021|access-date=May 27, 2024|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720031328/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/21-republican-led-states-sue-biden-over-keystone-xl-rejection-n1261356|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2021, the EPA rolled back a Trump administration rule that prohibited the EPA from using certain studies.<ref name="Zarrin Ahmed">{{cite web | url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2021/05/26/epa-ends-secret-science-rule-studies/1651622047180/ | title=EPA ends secret science studies rule | newspaper=UPI | author=Zarrin Ahmed | date=May 26, 2021 | access-date=May 29, 2021 | archive-date=May 31, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531001628/https://www.upi.com/amp/Top_News/US/2021/05/26/epa-ends-secret-science-rule-studies/1651622047180/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Frazin">{{cite web|last=Frazin|first=Rachel|date=May 26, 2021|title=EPA officially nixes Trump 'secret science' rule|url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/555512-epa-officially-nixes-trump-rule-limiting-consideration-of-certain|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=The Hill|archive-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531213843/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/555512-epa-officially-nixes-trump-rule-limiting-consideration-of-certain|url-status=live}}</ref> The previous rule, which made it more difficult to use major scientific studies to justify pollution reduction policies,<ref name="Warren Cornwall">{{cite news | url=https://www.science.org/content/article/trump-s-new-rule-restricting-epa-s-use-certain-science-could-have-short-life | title=Trump's new rule restricting EPA's use of certain science could have short life | newspaper=[[Science Magazine]] | author=Warren Cornwall | date=January 6, 2021 | access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-date=February 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201192415/https://www.science.org/content/article/trump-s-new-rule-restricting-epa-s-use-certain-science-could-have-short-life | url-status=live }}</ref> had already been invalidated by a federal court.<ref name="Rachel Frazen">{{cite news | url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/536787-court-tosses-trump-epas-secret-science-rule | title=Court tosses Trump EPAs Secret Science Rule | newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] | author=Rachel Frazen | date=February 1, 2021 | access-date=May 29, 2021 | archive-date=May 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527093732/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/536787-court-tosses-trump-epas-secret-science-rule | url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 1, 2021, Secretary of the Interior [[Deb Haaland]] suspended all oil and gas drilling leases in Alaska's [[Arctic National Wildlife Refuge]], pending further review of their environmental impacts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Federman|first=Adam|title=Biden freezes oil leases in Alaska refuge pending new environmental review|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/01/biden-anwr-alaska-oil-491498|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=Politico|date=June 2021|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606200350/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/01/biden-anwr-alaska-oil-491498|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2021, Biden had issued a 60-day ban on oil and gas leases and permits on federal land and waters. A group of Republican [[state attorneys general]] successfully obtained a decision in federal court to lift the moratorium. The Biden administration appealed the decision but agreed to continue with the sales, and in September 2021 held the largest federal gas and oil lease auction in U.S. history, selling leases to extract 1.7 million [[Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)|acres in the Gulf of Mexico]]. The areas that were purchased by oil companies can be expected to produce around 4.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 1.12 billion barrels of oil over the next 50 years. The administration has also proposed another round of gas and oil lease sales in 2022, in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and other western states.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dutton |first1=Jack |title=Biden Admin Set to Auction Off Over 80 Million Acres to Oil and Gas Drilling Companies |url=https://www.newsweek.com/biden-admin-set-auction-off-over-80-million-acres-offshore-drilling-1649242 |website=Newsweek |date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 24, 2021 |archive-date=November 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123082525/https://www.newsweek.com/biden-admin-set-auction-off-over-80-million-acres-offshore-drilling-1649242 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Companies bid $192 million in 1st Gulf oil sale under Biden |url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2021/nov/17/us-holds-huge-crude-sale-in-gulf-coming-off-climate-pledges |website=The Columbian |access-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-date=November 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125175622/https://www.columbian.com/news/2021/nov/17/us-holds-huge-crude-sale-in-gulf-coming-off-climate-pledges/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=StopsShort>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-environment-and-nature-ee63e75fb0b4005aa3341b4dfa2a8aba|work=Associated Press|title=Biden sets out oil, gas leasing reform, stops short of ban|author=Matthew Daly|date=November 26, 2021|access-date=May 27, 2024|archive-date=November 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128011615/https://apnews.com/article/business-environment-and-nature-ee63e75fb0b4005aa3341b4dfa2a8aba|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Biden administration supported the [[Line 3 pipeline]], which transports oil from Canada's [[Athabasca oil sands|oil sands region]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden Administration Backs Oil Sands Pipeline Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/24/climate/line-3-pipeline-biden.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/24/climate/line-3-pipeline-biden.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |date=July 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In November 2021, a closely watched Interior Department report on federal oil and gas lease policy, ordered by Biden, was completed. The report recommended increasing the 12.5% federal royalty rate for oil and gas drilling, which had not been raised by a century, and was significantly lower than rates charged for leasing on state and private land. The report also recommended an increase in the bond rates that drilling companies are required to pay for future cleanup efforts before beginning extraction at new sites, and recommended that leases be focused on sites with "moderate to high potential" for production in proximity to existing fossil-fuel infrastructure.<ref name=StopsShort/> The report stopped short of banning the leasing program, which generates billions of dollars for the federal government, but reformed its terms to be less favorable for industry; environmental groups praised the reforms, but also said they were insufficient to address the U.S. contribution to the [[climate crisis]].<ref name=StopsShort/>

In 2021, the Biden administration proposed a 20-year ban on oil and gas drilling around [[Chaco Culture National Historical Park]], a site in northwestern New Mexico that contain important [[Ancestral Puebloan]] sites.<ref>Joshua Partlow & Darryl Fears, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/11/15/chaco-canyon-drilling-biden/ Biden proposes 20-year drilling ban around Chaco Culture National Historical Park, a sacred tribal site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116061156/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/11/15/chaco-canyon-drilling-biden/ |date=November 16, 2021 }}, ''Washington Post'' (November 15, 2021).</ref>

==== Environmental science ====
In May 2021, the EPA rolled back a Trump administration rule that prohibited the EPA from using certain studies.<ref name="Zarrin Ahmed"/><ref name="Frazin"/> The previous rule, which made it more difficult to use major scientific studies to justify pollution reduction policies,<ref name="Warren Cornwall"/> had already been invalidated by a federal court.<ref name="Rachel Frazen"/>

==== Renewable energy ====
The Biden administration set a goal of achieving 30 gigawatts of [[offshore wind energy]] generated in the U.S. by 2030 (sufficient to provide electricity to about 10 million homes). In 2021, the Biden administration approved the [[South Fork Wind]] project, a major (130 [[Megawatt|MW]], 12-turbine) commercial [[offshore wind power]] project located southeast of [[Rhode Island]]'s [[Block Island]] and east of New York's [[Montauk Point]], the wind farm is projected to provide electricity to proved 70,000 [[Long Island]] homes. The project is the country's second large-scale offshore wind project (after a [[Vineyard Wind|similar wind-power development in Massachusetts]]).<ref>Dartunorro Clark, [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-administration-approves-second-major-offshore-wind-project-provide-power-n1284601 Biden administration approves second major offshore wind project, to provide power to N.Y.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051218/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-administration-approves-second-major-offshore-wind-project-provide-power-n1284601 |date=November 27, 2021 }}, NBC News (November 24, 2021).</ref><ref>Dino Grandoni, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/11/24/biden-offshore-wind-new-york/ Biden administration approves first offshore wind farm to supply power to New York] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125233300/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/11/24/biden-offshore-wind-new-york/ |date=November 25, 2021 }}, ''Washington Post'' (November 24, 2021).</ref>

==== Nature conservation ====
The U.S. is part of the [[30 by 30]] initiative which aims to preserve 30% of the global land and sea territory by 2030. For the U.S. to accomplish its part, Biden launched a campaign called "America the Beautiful". The campaign seeks to work in cooperation with [[Native Americans in the United States|indigenous people]] and farmers, as well as better serve disadvantaged communities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Benji |title=The Biden administration has a game-changing approach to nature conservation |url=https://www.vox.com/2021/5/7/22423139/biden-30-by-30-conservation-initiative-historic |access-date=March 26, 2024 |agency=Vox |date=May 7, 2021 |archive-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326151100/https://www.vox.com/2021/5/7/22423139/biden-30-by-30-conservation-initiative-historic |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2021, Biden promised to end and reverse [[deforestation]] and [[land degradation]] by 2030,<ref>{{cite news |title=Hoyer introduces $9B bill bolstering Biden's deforestation vow at COP26 |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/579810-hoyer-to-introduce-9b-bill-bolstering-bidens-deforestation-vow-at |work=The Hill |date=November 3, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2021 |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106182454/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/579810-hoyer-to-introduce-9b-bill-bolstering-bidens-deforestation-vow-at |url-status=live }}</ref> joining more than 100 other global leaders in the [[2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP26 climate summit]]'s first major agreement.<ref>{{cite news |title=COP26: World leaders promise to end deforestation by 2030 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498 |work=BBC News |date=November 2, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2021 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151002/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Over 100 global leaders pledge to end deforestation by 2030 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/over-100-global-leaders-pledge-end-deforestation-by-2030-2021-11-01/ |work=Reuters |date=November 3, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2021 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112161836/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/over-100-global-leaders-pledge-end-deforestation-by-2030-2021-11-01/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a report from the [[Center for American Progress]] during the first 3 years of his presidency Biden broke several records in [[Conservation in the United States|conservation]], which is "a proven defense against the changing climate". In 2023 alone he turned 12.5 million acres into [[protected area]]s and made 200 agreements with indigenous people about co-management of the protected areas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zeno |first1=Sam |title=The Biden Administration Has Reached Conservation Records in 2023 |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-biden-administration-has-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |website=Center for American Progress |date=December 20, 2023 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104012334/https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-biden-administration-has-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Biden reached conservation records in 2023 |url=https://westernpriorities.org/2023/12/biden-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |website=Center for Western Priorities |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102180523/https://westernpriorities.org/2023/12/biden-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He advanced a proposal to ban logging in [[Old-growth forest|old growth forests]] from 2025 which is also important for the climate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aratani |first1=Lauren |title=Joe Biden plans to ban logging in US old-growth forests in 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/19/biden-forest-logging-ban-old-trees |access-date=January 2, 2024 |agency=The Guardian |date=December 19, 2023 |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527101810/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/19/biden-forest-logging-ban-old-trees |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Electoral and ethical reform===
{{see also|Electoral and ethics policy of the Biden administration}}
In response to what Biden describes as the growing influence of special interests and [[gerrymandering]] in elections, he has pledged to seek electoral and government ethics reforms.<ref name=govtreform>{{cite web|title=Plan for a Government that Works For the People|url=https://joebiden.com/governmentreform/|access-date=January 23, 2021|website=Joe Biden for President: Official Campaign Website|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122135916/https://joebiden.com/governmentreform/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Biden supported the [[For the People Act]] and the [[John Lewis Voting Rights Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/11/03/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-john-r-lewis-voting-rights-advancement-act/|title = Statement by President Biden on the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act| work=The White House |date = November 3, 2021|access-date = April 11, 2022|archive-date = December 27, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211227160953/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/11/03/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-john-r-lewis-voting-rights-advancement-act/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/22/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-for-the-people-act/|title = Statement by President Joe Biden on the for the People Act| work=The White House |date = June 22, 2021|access-date = April 11, 2022|archive-date = November 6, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211106081317/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/22/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-for-the-people-act/|url-status = live}}</ref> In January 2022, he endorsed a change to [[Filibuster in the United States Senate|senate filibuster]] rules after they both failed to invoke [[cloture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/|title='Let the majority prevail': Biden backs filibuster change to pass voting rights in Atlanta speech|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=January 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114062405/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the rules change failed when two Democratic senators joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.<ref name=":5b">{{cite news|author=Clare Foran, Ali Zaslav and Ted Barrett|title=Senate Democrats suffer defeat on voting rights after vote to change rules fails|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html|access-date=February 3, 2022|website=CNN|date=January 19, 2022|archive-date=April 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409161903/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Known for his generally bipartisan tone, Biden avoided directly referring to his predecessor during his first year in office.<ref name=StrongAlarm>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2022 |title=Biden sounds newly strong alarm: Trumpism menaces democracy |url=https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-biden-donald-trump-presidential-philadelphia-5d0f7c02df093f0d3a3340474a53be4b |access-date=September 5, 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103020138/https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-biden-donald-trump-presidential-philadelphia-5d0f7c02df093f0d3a3340474a53be4b |url-status=live }}</ref> Beginning in 2022, Biden condemned Trump and [[Trumpism]] in stronger terms; he likened the "MAGA philosophy" to "semi-fascism" and, in [[Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech|a 2022 speech outside Independence Hall in Philadelphia]], said the "extreme ideology" of Trump, and a Republican Party dominated by him, "threatens the very foundation of our republic." Biden specifically condemned Trump and "MAGA Republicans" for promoting authoritarian leaders, using violent rhetoric, refusing to disavow [[political violence]], and refusing to acknowledge election losses.<ref name=StrongAlarm/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=September 1, 2022 |title=Why Biden is reviving his 'soul of the nation' argument for the midterm elections |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120479578/why-biden-is-reviving-his-soul-of-the-nation-argument-for-the-midterm-elections |access-date=November 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102014000/https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120479578/why-biden-is-reviving-his-soul-of-the-nation-argument-for-the-midterm-elections |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden suggested that the [[2022 United States elections]] could be illegitimate if federal laws are not passed to combat enacted voter-suppression legislation from state legislatures.<ref name="Elections">{{cite web |title=Biden questions if US midterm elections will be 'legit' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60063594 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=January 20, 2022 |date=January 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120205745/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60063594 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Elections2">{{cite web |last1=Gangitano |first1=Alex |title=Biden says elections might not be legitimate if reform bills aren't passed |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/590511-biden-says-elections-might-not-be-legitimate-if-the-election-reform |website=The Hill |access-date=January 20, 2022 |language=en |date=January 19, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121084216/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/590511-biden-says-elections-might-not-be-legitimate-if-the-election-reform |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Elections3">{{cite news |last1=Cillizza |first1=Chris |title=Analysis: The 7 most important lines from Joe Biden's news conference |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/biden-news-conference-important-takeaways/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=January 20, 2022 |date=January 19, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121035546/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/biden-news-conference-important-takeaways/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the [[attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election]], Biden called for reforms to the 1887 [[Electoral Count Act]] to clarify the roles of Congress and the vice president in certifying electoral votes. The [[Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022]] raised the threshold for objections to electoral votes, clarified that the vice president cannot decertify electoral votes, and modified the process for which electors are certified. It was included as part of the [[Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023|2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Riccardi|first=Nicholas|title=Congress approves new election rules in Jan. 6 response|url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-donald-trump-e4366ca9e350ef87ebbb7638517cbde3|website=AP News|date=December 24, 2022|access-date=December 24, 2022|archive-date=July 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712012605/https://apnews.com/article/biden-donald-trump-e4366ca9e350ef87ebbb7638517cbde3|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Housing===
{{Main|Housing Supply Action Plan}}

Due to ongoing decreases in housing affordability exacerbated by the pandemic, inflation, and snarls in the global supply chain, Biden launched the [[Housing Supply Action Plan]] on May 16, 2022, to increase housing supply and construction through executive initiatives, administrative deregulation and funding from the [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]]. Due to the statutory limits upon federal intervention in housing policy, the plan relied heavily upon partnerships with willing municipal governments and the private sector to reform [[Zoning in the United States|zoning and permitting laws]] and secure construction supply, issuing financial incentives to municipal governments for cooperation with the plan, issuing financial support to renters, landlords and first-time homeowners, and disincentivizing large institutional investors from acquiring government-owned or funded home properties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=May 16, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces New Actions to Ease the Burden of Housing Costs |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/16/president-biden-announces-new-actions-to-ease-the-burden-of-housing-costs/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=The White House |language=en-US |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817154420/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/16/president-biden-announces-new-actions-to-ease-the-burden-of-housing-costs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden also called upon Congress to pass an Unlocking Possibilities Program to allow [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]] to issue grants to states and localities to help reform permitting for affordable housing, as well as further mortgage assistance for first-time homebuyers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=March 7, 2024 |title=FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces Plan to Lower Housing Costs for Working Families |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/07/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-plan-to-lower-housing-costs-for-working-families/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=The White House |language=en-US |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817174002/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/07/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-plan-to-lower-housing-costs-for-working-families/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Through the [[Inflation Reduction Act]], the Biden administration secured over $25 billion to invest in a variety of programs and tax credits that incentivize renovations and energy efficiency in housing through five federal agencies ([[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]], [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]], [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]], [[United States Department of Transportation|DOT]], [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Funds for Housing in the Inflation Reduction Act |url=https://guidehouse.com/insights/energy/2023/new-funds-for-housing-in-the-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=guidehouse.com |language=en |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817203056/https://guidehouse.com/insights/energy/2023/new-funds-for-housing-in-the-inflation-reduction-act |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2024 |title=Two Years After Signage of President Biden's Inflation Reduction Act, HUD is Creating More Affordable, Energy Efficient and Climate Resilient Homes for Renters |url=https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_24_210 |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) |language=en |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817203056/https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_24_210 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Immigration===
{{See also|Immigration policy of the Biden administration|Mexico–United States border crisis#Biden administration (2021–2025)}}
[[File:Proclamation 10141 - Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to the United States (2021).pdf|thumb|Presidential Proclamation 10141 – Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to the United States]]

On January 20, 2021, the day Biden was inaugurated, he halted the construction of the [[U.S.–Mexico barrier]]<ref name="Bradner"/> and ended [[National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States|a related national emergency]] declared by Trump in February 2018.<ref name="Everett-2022" /> Biden issued a proclamation that ended the [[Trump travel ban]] imposed on predominantly Muslim countries in January 2017.<ref name="Bradner"/><ref name="Everett-2022" /> Biden also reaffirmed protections to recipients of [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA).<ref name="Narea">{{cite news |last=Narea |first=Nicole |title=Biden is already rolling back Trump's immigration legacy |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/1/20/22240549/biden-executive-actions-immigration |access-date=January 20, 2021 |publisher=Vox |date=January 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120220043/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/1/20/22240549/biden-executive-actions-immigration |url-status=live }}</ref> The same day, Biden sent a memorandum to the [[U.S. Department of State]] reinstating Deferred Enforced Departure for Liberians.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reinstating Deferred Enforced Departure for Liberians |website=The White House |date=January 20, 2021 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/reinstating-deferred-enforced-departure-for-liberians/ |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121034628/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/reinstating-deferred-enforced-departure-for-liberians/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Axelrod |first=Tal |title=These are the executive orders Biden has signed so far |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535245-these-are-the-executive-orders-biden-has-signed-so-far |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=The Hill |date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121180247/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535245-these-are-the-executive-orders-biden-has-signed-so-far |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 20, Biden proposed the [[U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021]] which would enact broad changes to the immigration system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biden Immigration Bill Announced Day One of Administration |url=https://natlawreview.com/article/new-biden-immigration-bill-announced-day-one-administration |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=natlawreview.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Narea |first=Nicole |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Biden's sweeping immigration bill, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/22233711/biden-day-one-immigration-congress-path-citizenship |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031001939/https://www.vox.com/22233711/biden-day-one-immigration-congress-path-citizenship |url-status=live }}</ref> It would provide an eight-year potential pathway for citizenship to eleven million immigrants living in the U.S. without a permanent legal status.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Hackman-2021">{{cite news |last1=Hackman |first1=Michelle |last2=Siobhan |first2=Hughes |date=January 23, 2021 |title=Biden's Immigration Package Faces Steep Odds on Capitol Hill |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-immigration-package-faces-steep-odds-on-capitol-hill-11611430901 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123194515/https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-immigration-package-faces-steep-odds-on-capitol-hill-11611430901 |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> The bill would also make it easier for certain foreign workers to stay in the U.S.<ref name="Fram-2021">{{cite news |last=Fram |first=Alan |date=January 23, 2021 |title=Democrats start reining in expectations for immigration bill |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-jen-psaki-12e9346eef0af68dbd604feda32ec1e5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124002331/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-jen-psaki-12e9346eef0af68dbd604feda32ec1e5 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="Spagat-2021">{{cite news |last=Spagat |first=Elliot |date=January 23, 2021 |title=Biden bets big on immigration changes in opening move |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-inauguration-joe-biden-mexico-immigration-us-news-8d565946dfdec1f365befdada879023e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123205722/https://apnews.com/article/biden-inauguration-joe-biden-mexico-immigration-us-news-8d565946dfdec1f365befdada879023e |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> In addition, it would deliver record budget allocations for the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] to secure the border and $4 billion to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to combat the root causes of their emigration.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bokat-Lindell |first=Spencer |date=January 21, 2021 |title=Can Biden Finally Fix America's Broken Immigration System? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/opinion/biden-immigration-plan.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=December 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218220748/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/opinion/biden-immigration-plan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> If passed, it would also replace the word "alien" with "noncitizen" in [[U.S. immigration law]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Alvarez |first1=Priscilla |last2=Fox |first2=Lauren |date=February 18, 2021 |title=White House announces sweeping immigration bill {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/18/politics/biden-immigration-legislation/index.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=December 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211175415/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/18/politics/biden-immigration-legislation/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shoichet |first1=Catherine E. |title=Biden wants to remove this controversial word from US laws |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/alien-biden-immigration-law/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121181712/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/alien-biden-immigration-law/index.html |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite act|type=act|index=8 USC 1101|date=June 30, 1965|article=Immigration and Nationality|title=Aliens and Nationality|url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101&num=0&edition=prelim}}</ref> [[Senate Majority Whip]] [[Dick Durbin]] called the bill "aspirational" and it was widely expected not to pass both houses of Congress without significant revision.<ref name="Hackman-2021" /><ref name="Fram-2021" /><ref name="Spagat-2021" />

Also on January 20, 2021, the Biden administration issued a moratorium on [[deportation]]s from the [[U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) for the first 100 days of his presidency.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Priscilla |first1=Alvarez |title=DHS pauses some deportations for 100 days |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/homeland-security-pause-some-deportations/index.html |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=CNN |date=January 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124191255/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/homeland-security-pause-some-deportations/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 22, [[Texas Attorney General]] [[Ken Paxton]] sued the Biden administration for violating Biden's written pledge to cooperatively work with the state of Texas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Priscilla |first1=Alvarez |title=Texas attorney general sues Biden administration over deportation pause |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/22/politics/texas-biden-lawsuit-deportation/index.html |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=CNN |date=January 22, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124170547/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/22/politics/texas-biden-lawsuit-deportation/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A federal judge in Texas subsequently issued a temporary restraining order barring the Biden administration from enforcing its moratorium, citing the lack of "any concrete, reasonable justification for a 100-day pause on deportations."<ref name="apne_Judge_bars">{{cite news |last=Merchant |first=Nomaan |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Judge bars Biden from enforcing 100-day deportation ban |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-texas-barack-obama-51688033e490d50867e52ef9c8ec574f |work=Associated Press |access-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003126/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-texas-barack-obama-51688033e490d50867e52ef9c8ec574f |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 22, 2021, Biden had a call with [[Mexican president]] [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]. On the call, Biden and López Obrador spoke about immigration, where Biden spoke of reducing [[Emigration from Mexico|immigration from Mexico to the U.S.]] by targeting what Biden deemed as root causes.<ref name=Obradorcall>{{cite web |title=Readout of President Joe Biden Call with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico |website=The White House |date=January 23, 2021 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/23/readout-of-president-joe-biden-call-with-president-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-of-mexico/ |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904190441/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/23/readout-of-president-joe-biden-call-with-president-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-of-mexico/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to an [[Associated Press]] report, López Obrador noted that Biden pledged $4 billion to "help development in Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala — nations whose hardships have spawned tides of migration through Mexico toward the United States."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mark|first1=Stevenson|last2=Gillies|first2=Rob|last3=Madhani|first3=Aamer|date=January 23, 2021|title=Mexican leader says Biden offers $4B for Central America|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/biden-calls-canadas-trudeau-mexicos-lpez-obrador-75444816|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203024021/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/biden-calls-canadas-trudeau-mexicos-lpez-obrador-75444816|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to a 2021 ''Politico'' report, Republicans expected prior to Biden taking office that there would be a border surge at the start of 2021 (due to seasonal patterns and regional crises) and coordinated to make it a central issue in the lead-up to the 2022 mid-term elections.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anita |date=April 23, 2021 |title=The border turned out to be a better attack on Biden than even Republicans thought |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/23/gop-biden-immigration-border-problems-484383 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706110836/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/23/gop-biden-immigration-border-problems-484383 |archive-date=July 6, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |website=Politico}}</ref> The number of migrants arriving in the U.S. from Central America had been rising since April 2020 due to ongoing violence, natural disasters, food insecurity, and poverty in the region.<ref>{{cite news |last=Romo |first=Vanessa |date=March 11, 2021 |title=Number Of Unaccompanied Minors Entering U.S. Soared In February |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/11/975916980/number-of-unaccompanied-minors-entering-u-s-soared-in-february |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328162309/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/11/975916980/number-of-unaccompanied-minors-entering-u-s-soared-in-february |archive-date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |agency=NPR}}</ref> In February 2021, the [[U.S. Border Patrol]] reported a 61% increase in encounters with unaccompanied children from the month before, the largest one-month percentage increase in encounters with unaccompanied children since [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] began recording data in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spagat |first1=Elliot |date=March 17, 2021 |title=Explainer: Is the US border with Mexico in crisis? |url=https://apnews.com/article/is-us-mexico-border-in-crisis-explained-aea57dde734f5cccb920e0d5d6111e65 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429015930/https://apnews.com/article/is-us-mexico-border-in-crisis-explained-aea57dde734f5cccb920e0d5d6111e65 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Morin |first1=Rebecca |date=March 15, 2021 |title=As Biden faces ongoing surge of migrant children, Republicans criticize White House for border crisis |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/15/kevin-mccarthy-republicans-slam-biden-migrants-us-mexico-border/4701550001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416102151/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/15/kevin-mccarthy-republicans-slam-biden-migrants-us-mexico-border/4701550001/ |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |access-date=March 30, 2021 |work=USA Today}}</ref>

Biden instructed the [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE) to focus on violent offenders of immigration laws rather than all offenders of immigration laws.<ref name="Kanno-Youngs-2021">{{cite news|last1=Kanno-Youngs|first1=Zolan|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|date=February 3, 2021|title=Trump Loyalists Across Homeland Security Could Vex Biden's Immigration Policies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/03/us/politics/biden-trump-immigration.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213023116/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/03/us/politics/biden-trump-immigration.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Miroff|first1=Nick|last2=Sacchetti|first2=Maria|date=February 7, 2021|title=New Biden rules for ICE point to fewer arrests and deportations, and a more restrained agency|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-biden-rules-for-ice-point-to-fewer-arrests-and-deportations-and-a-more-restrained-agency/2021/02/07/faccb854-68c6-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214143016/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-biden-rules-for-ice-point-to-fewer-arrests-and-deportations-and-a-more-restrained-agency/2021/02/07/faccb854-68c6-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2021, it was reported that DHS agents who had been empowered by Trump to enact his anti-immigration policies were resisting and defying Biden's immigration policies.<ref name="Kanno-Youngs-2021"/> The union representing ICE agents signaled that its agents would not accept reversals of Trump policies.<ref name="Kanno-Youngs-2021"/>

In March 2021, the Biden administration granted [[temporary protected status]] to Venezuelans [[Venezuelan refugee crisis|fleeing the country]] amidst the ongoing political and economic [[Crisis in Venezuela|crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|date=March 9, 2021|title=US grants Venezuelan migrants temporary protected status|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56333605|work=BBC News|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311210005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56333605|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Harris meets with Special Envoy Ricardo Zúñiga.jpg|thumb|Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] meets with State Department Special Envoy for the Northern Triangle, Ricardo Zúñiga, and other officials on the surge of migrants from Central America, March 2021.]]On March 24, 2021, Biden tasked Vice President Harris to reduce the number of [[unaccompanied minor]]s and adult [[asylum seeker]]s. She is also tasked with leading the negotiations with [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]], [[Guatemala]], and [[El Salvador]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lahut |first=Jake |date=March 25, 2021 |title=Biden is giving Kamala Harris the thorniest issue to oversee as VP: immigration |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-giving-kamala-harris-the-thorniest-issue-to-oversee-as-vp-immigration/articleshow/81676987.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327141338/https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-giving-kamala-harris-the-thorniest-issue-to-oversee-as-vp-immigration/articleshow/81676987.cms |archive-date=March 27, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2021 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=August 2024}} The number of migrant families and unaccompanied children entering the U.S. from across the Southwest border steeply declined in August, September, and October 2021.<ref>Austin Landis, [https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/11/16/border-crossings-decline-again-in-october Border crossings decline again in October, with drop in families, children] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117011638/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/11/16/border-crossings-decline-again-in-october|date=November 17, 2021}}, ''Spectrum News'' (November 16, 2021).</ref>

On June 1, 2021, the DHS officially terminated the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump]]-era "[[Immigration policy of the first Donald Trump administration#Restrictions on asylum|Remain in Mexico]]" policy, which mandated that all [[asylum seekers]] from Central America were to wait in Mexico pending their court cases; however, a health order from March 2020 allowed the border authorities to send migrants back for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic have remained in place.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gregorian |first=Dareh |date=June 1, 2021 |title=Biden administration officially ends Trump's 'remain in Mexico' asylum policy |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/biden-administration-officially-ends-trump-s-remain-mexico-asylum-policy-n1269262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607012950/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/biden-administration-officially-ends-trump-s-remain-mexico-asylum-policy-n1269262 |archive-date=June 7, 2021 |access-date=July 2, 2021 |website=NBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 1, 2021 |title=US formally ends Trump's 'Remain in Mexico' asylum policy |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/1/us-formally-ends-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607013450/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/1/us-formally-ends-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy |archive-date=June 7, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> However, on August 14, 2021, a federal judge in Texas ordered the Biden administration to reimplement the policy; the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] placed a pause on the ruling to give the administration time for arguments.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montoya-Galvez |first1=Camilo |date=August 14, 2021 |title=Judge orders U.S. to reinstate Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" asylum policy |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-orders-u-s-to-reinstate-trump-era-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823041221/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-orders-u-s-to-reinstate-trump-era-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy/ |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |access-date=August 23, 2021 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=August 20, 2021 |title=Supreme Court halts reinstating 'Remain in Mexico' policy |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-mexico-courts-health-immigration-fa8250193e4177ba50ad9f3deb11dbe1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823041321/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-mexico-courts-health-immigration-fa8250193e4177ba50ad9f3deb11dbe1 |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |access-date=August 23, 2021 |website=AP News}}</ref> On August 24, 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the Biden administration must comply with the lower court's ruling to reinstate the policy.<ref>{{cite web |last=Diaz |first=Jaclyn |date=August 25, 2021 |title=Supreme Court Orders the 'Remain in Mexico' Policy Reinstated for Asylum-Seekers |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/24/1030829693/supreme-court-remain-in-mexico |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170924/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/24/1030829693/supreme-court-remain-in-mexico |archive-date=August 29, 2021 |access-date=April 11, 2022 |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=August 25, 2021 |title=U.S. Supreme Court says Biden administration must comply with ruling to restart "remain in Mexico" program for asylum-seekers |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/24/remain-in-mexico-immigration-supreme-court/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322122154/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/24/remain-in-mexico-immigration-supreme-court/ |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |access-date=April 11, 2022}}</ref>

In fiscal year 2022, over one million [[Immigration to the United States|immigrants]] (most of whom entered through [[Chain migration#Legislation and chain migration|family reunification]]) were granted [[Permanent residence (United States)|legal residence]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Who Are America's Immigrants? |url=https://www.prb.org/articles/who-are-americas-immigrants/ |work=[[Population Reference Bureau]] |date=May 22, 2024 |archive-date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183434/https://www.prb.org/articles/who-are-americas-immigrants/ |url-status=live }}</ref> up from 707,000 in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=After a Slump, Legal Immigration to the United States Is Returning to Pre-Pandemic Levels |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/legal-immigration-us-returns-prepandemic-levels |work=[[Migration Policy Institute]] |date=November 30, 2022 |archive-date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183938/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/legal-immigration-us-returns-prepandemic-levels |url-status=live }}</ref> Up until 2022 during Biden's presidency, the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States steadily rose.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krogstad |first=Jeffrey S. Passel and Jens Manuel |date=July 22, 2024 |title=What we know about unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731015232/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On October 5, 2023, Biden's administration said it will add sections to a border wall to stave off record migrant crossings from Mexico, carrying forward a signature policy of former president Donald Trump.<ref name="reuters">{{cite web |date=October 6, 2023 |title=Biden to build more US border wall using Trump-era funds |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-build-new-barriers-roads-texas-border-area-2023-10-05/ |website=Reuters |access-date=October 7, 2023 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005160422/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-build-new-barriers-roads-texas-border-area-2023-10-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 5, 2023 |title=Biden approves new section of border wall as Mexico crossings rise |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67015137 |website=BBB News |access-date=October 7, 2023 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67015137.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> One of Biden's first actions after taking office in January 2021 was to issue a proclamation pledging that "no more American taxpayer dollars be diverted to construct a border wall" as well as a review of all resources that had already been committed. The administration said Thursday's action did not deviate from Biden's proclamation because money that was allocated during Trump's term in 2019 had to be spent now.<ref name="reuters" /> Former president Trump was quick to claim victory and demand an apology: "As I have stated often, over thousands of years, there are only two things that have consistently worked, wheels, and walls!" Trump wrote on social media. "Will Joe Biden apologize to me and America for taking so long to get moving...".<ref name="reuters" /> Mexico's President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador called the move "a step backwards."<ref name="reuters" />

On October 31, 2023, Homeland Security Secretary [[Alejandro Mayorkas]] testified before the Senate Homeland Security Committee that more than 600,000 people illegally made their way into the United States without being apprehended by border agents during the 2023 fiscal year.<ref>{{cite news |title=WATCH LIVE: FBI Director Wray, DHS head Mayorkas testify in Senate hearing on threats to U.S. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKn948LUX8I&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour |work=PBS NewsHour |date=October 31, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211102151/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKn948LUX8I&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayorkas confirms over 600,000 illegal immigrants evaded law enforcement at southern border last fiscal year |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border |work=Fox News |date=October 31, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211102151/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border |url-status=live }}</ref>

President Biden pledged to welcome 125,000 [[Asylum in the United States|refugees]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden administration plans to keep refugee cap at 125,000 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/refugee-cap/index.html |work=CNN |date=September 26, 2023 |archive-date=July 10, 2024 |access-date=July 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710183314/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/refugee-cap/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Biden administration considered accepting [[Palestinian refugees]] from the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden considers allowing some Palestinians from Gaza to come to the U.S. as refugees |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/05/08/1249886160/biden-considers-allowing-some-palestinians-from-gaza-to-come-to-the-u-s-as-refug |work=[[NPR]] |date=May 8, 2024}}</ref>

On March 29, 2024, in response to a class-action lawsuit filed by lawyers representing detained migrant children, the Biden administration argued in front of a federal court that it had no responsibility to feed and house migrant children that were waiting in Border Patrol camps along the U.S.-Mexico border.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2024 |title=Judge questions Border Patrol stand that it's not required to care for children at migrant camps |url=https://apnews.com/article/border-patrol-migrant-children-camps-a96d574bd4d9cd27bb28c001b1239a38 |access-date=April 22, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=April 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422225818/https://apnews.com/article/border-patrol-migrant-children-camps-a96d574bd4d9cd27bb28c001b1239a38 |url-status=live }}</ref> This argument was rejected by Judge Dolly M. Gee, who ordered the administration to "expeditiously" house all detained migrant children.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baumgaertner |first=Emily |date=April 4, 2024 |title=Judge Orders Timely Housing for Migrant Children Waiting at Border |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/health/migrant-children-border-housing.html |access-date=April 22, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422225822/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/health/migrant-children-border-housing.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 4, 2024, President Biden issued a new executive order granting immigration officials the authority to deport certain asylum seekers without processing their claims. This measure targets migrants who enter the United States "without permission and against the law," making it easier for authorities to deport them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montoya-Galvez |first=Camilo |date=June 4, 2024 |title=Biden's new immigration order restricts asylum claims along the border. Here's how it works. - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-executive-order-immigration-border-asylum/ |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611230220/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-executive-order-immigration-border-asylum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the new order, if migrants express fear of returning to their home countries, they may be given an interview with an asylum officer. However, agents are no longer required to ask migrants if they have such fears.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Alex Leeds |date=June 8, 2024 |title=Illegal border crossings would have triggered the new Biden policy years ago {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/08/politics/us-border-crossings-biden-dg/index.html |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611230534/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/08/politics/us-border-crossings-biden-dg/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of the new action, the Biden administration announced the closure of the [[South Texas Family Residential Center]], the largest immigrant detention center in the United States. The primary reason cited for this decision was the high cost of operating the facility.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hackman |first=Michelle |title=Exclusive {{!}} Biden to Close 'Dilley' Detention Center, Shift Resources Amid Border Crackdown |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/biden-to-close-dilley-detention-center-shift-resources-amid-border-crack-down-2b2cfcb5 |access-date=June 11, 2024 |work=WSJ |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611231754/https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/biden-to-close-dilley-detention-center-shift-resources-amid-border-crack-down-2b2cfcb5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2024 bipartisan border bill ====
{{Excerpt|Mexico–United States border crisis|2024 bipartisan border bill}}

===Separation of church and state===
Biden, a practicing Catholic,<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Loughlin |first1=Michael J. |title=Joe Biden will be the second Catholic president. Here's what you need to know about his faith. |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2020/11/07/joe-biden-second-catholic-president-faith |access-date=November 8, 2020 |work=America Magazine |date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108005946/https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2020/11/07/joe-biden-second-catholic-president-faith |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> has taken a public position of dissent against the Church's position opposing free-choice in the abortion issue.<ref name="Brian Bennett 2021">Brian Bennett, "Joe Biden's Presidency Highlights Rifts." TIME magazine. March 31, 2021.</ref> This has raised the question of whether his public office might allow him to influence the outcomes of current debates with the Church concerning abortion.<ref>Ruth Graham. "Catholic Bishops Avoid Confrontation With Biden". The NY Times. November 17, 2021.</ref> The Vatican has taken a mediating position concerning Biden's dissent by allowing him to take [[Eucharist|Communion]] in Rome while visiting the Pope.<ref name="Brian Bennett 2021"/>

===Social issues===
{{main|Social policy of the Biden administration}}

[[File:President Joe Biden signs executive orders on health care access and affordability.jpg|thumb|President Biden signs executive orders expanding the [[Affordable Care Act]] and revoking [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] health policies, January 2021.]]
[[File:President Biden signs Juneteenth National Independence Day into law.jpg|thumb|President Biden signed the [[Juneteenth National Independence Day Act]] into law, June 17, 2021.]]

During his early days in office, Biden focused on "advancing equity, civil rights, racial justice and equal opportunity." According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', Biden's early actions in office focused on [[racial equality]] more than any president since [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], who passed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tankersley |first1=Jim |last2=Shear |first2=Michael D. |title=Biden Seeks to Define His Presidency by an Early Emphasis on Equity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/business/biden-equity-racial-gender.html |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123170006/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/business/biden-equity-racial-gender.html |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |url-status=live |quote=In his first days in office, President Biden has devoted more attention to issues of racial equity than any new president since Lyndon B. Johnson, a focus that has cheered civil rights activists and drawn early criticism from conservatives. In his inauguration speech, the president pledged to defeat 'white supremacy', using a burst of executive orders on Day 1 to declare that 'advancing equity, civil rights, racial justice and equal opportunity is the responsibility of the whole of our government.'}}</ref> On January 25, 2021, Biden signed an executive order that lifted the [[Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017)|ban on transgender military service members]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Baldor |first2=Lolita C. |title=Biden to drop Trump's military transgender ban |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-biden-cabinet-lloyd-austin-confirmation-hearings-82138242acd4b6dad80ff4d82f5b7686 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=Associated Press |date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125040130/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-biden-cabinet-lloyd-austin-confirmation-hearings-82138242acd4b6dad80ff4d82f5b7686 |url-status=live }}</ref> This reversed a memorandum imposed by Trump.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennet |first1=Geoff |last2=Edelman |first2=Adam |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Biden reverses Trump's transgender military ban |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-reverse-trump-s-transgender-military-ban-n1255522 |work=NBC News |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125155115/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-reverse-trump-s-transgender-military-ban-n1255522 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Biden administration sought to put [[Harriet Tubman]] on the [[United States twenty-dollar bill|twenty-dollar bill]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Biden administration will look to expedite getting Tubman on $20 bill |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535716-biden-administration-will-look-to-expedite-getting-tubman-on-20-bill |work=The Hill |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125193435/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535716-biden-administration-will-look-to-expedite-getting-tubman-on-20-bill |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rappeport |first1=Alan |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Biden's Treasury will seek to put Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill, an effort the Trump administration halted. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/politics/tubman-20-dollar-bill.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/politics/tubman-20-dollar-bill.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 25, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> This effort followed that of the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]], which was blocked by [[Steven Mnuchin]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watkins |first1=Eli |date=May 22, 2019 |title=Mnuchin punts again on putting Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/22/politics/mnuchin-pressley-harriet-tubman-20-dollar-bill/index.html |work=CNN |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205092250/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/22/politics/mnuchin-pressley-harriet-tubman-20-dollar-bill/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Press secretary Psaki said it was important that [[Federal Reserve Note|U.S. money and notes]] reflect the "history and diversity" of the country and that putting Tubman on the twenty-dollar bill would do so.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Judd |first1=Donald |date=January 25, 2021 |title=White House recommits to getting Harriet Tubman on $20 bill after Trump delay |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/harriet-tubman-20-biden-trump-obama/index.html |work=CNN |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125205814/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/harriet-tubman-20-biden-trump-obama/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 20, 2021, the Biden administration issued an Executive Order entitled Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government<ref>{{cite web |title=Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-government/ |website=[[White House]] |date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211082913/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-government/ |url-status=live }}</ref> increasing the federal government's anti-bias enforcement against government contractors. The intent is heightened investigations and audits by the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] as well as more detailed follow-up inquiries with government contractors, with an emphasis on combatting pay discrimination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Connelly |first1=Amanda M. |title=Department of Labor Steps Up Enforcement of Anti-Bias for Government Contractors |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/department-labor-steps-enforcement-anti-bias-government-contractors |access-date=April 21, 2021 |work=The National Law Review |volume=XI |issue=96 |publisher=Roetzel & Andress |date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=April 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421023736/https://www.natlawreview.com/article/department-labor-steps-enforcement-anti-bias-government-contractors |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in January, Biden directed the U.S. Department of Justice to reduce their usage of [[private prison]]s and ordered the attorney general to not renew contracts with private prisons, citing the need to "reduce profit-based incentives" for the incarceration of racial minorities.<ref name="theh_Biden_directs">{{cite web |last=Beitsch |first=Rebecca |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Biden directs DOJ to phase out use of private prisons |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=January 29, 2021 |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535973-biden-directs-doj-to-phase-out-use-of-private-prisons |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128182626/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535973-biden-directs-doj-to-phase-out-use-of-private-prisons |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Madhani|first=Aamer|date=January 26, 2021|title=Biden orders Justice Dept. to end use of private prisons|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-race-and-ethnicity-prisons-coronavirus-pandemic-c8c246f00695f37ef2afb1dd3a5f115e|website=Associated Press|access-date=January 27, 2021|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127002341/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-race-and-ethnicity-prisons-coronavirus-pandemic-c8c246f00695f37ef2afb1dd3a5f115e|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tankersley|first1=Jim|last2=Karni|first2=Annie|date=January 26, 2021|title=Biden Moves to End Justice Contracts with Private Prisons|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/biden-private-prisons-justice-department.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 27, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126233858/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/biden-private-prisons-justice-department.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Three days after the [[2021 Atlanta spa shootings|Atlanta spa shootings]] that killed 8 people, including 6 Asian women, Biden and Vice President Harris travelled to [[Atlanta]]. They spoke to Asian American and Pacific Islander advocates and leaders and condemned sexism, and racism against Asian Americans.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morin|first=Nicholas Wu and Rebecca|title='Our silence is complicity. We can not be complicit': Biden, Harris meet with Asian American advocates after Atlanta killings|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/19/biden-harris-travel-atlanta-meet-asian-american-leaders/4754107001/|access-date=March 23, 2021|website=USA Today|archive-date=March 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322132609/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/19/biden-harris-travel-atlanta-meet-asian-american-leaders/4754107001/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Biden made [[Juneteenth]] (June 19) a federal holiday in 2021, celebrating the end of slavery in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/politics/juneteenth-holiday-biden.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/politics/juneteenth-holiday-biden.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|title=Biden Signs Law Making Juneteenth a Federal Holiday|last1=Karni|first1=Annie|last2=Broadwater|first2=Luke|date=June 17, 2021|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 19, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In March 2022, Biden signed the [[Emmett Till Antilynching Act]] into law. With the enactment of that legislation, [[lynching]] was made a federal [[hate crime]] for the first time in American history.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Joe Biden signs anti-lynching bill in historic first |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60679930 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107190535/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60679930 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2022, [[Cannabis policy of the Biden administration|Biden pardoned]] all past federal marijuana possession charges and announced an inquiry into whether [[Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act|cannabis should be removed from Schedule I]] of the [[Controlled Substances Act]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Louis Casiano |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Biden pardoning all prior federal offenses of simple marijuana possession |work=Fox News |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-pardoning-all-prior-federal-offenses-simple-marijuana-possession |access-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007084943/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-pardoning-all-prior-federal-offenses-simple-marijuana-possession |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2022, Biden signed the [[Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act]] which was the first standalone cannabis-related bill ever passed by the United States Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fertig |first=Natalie |title=Congress sends first weed bill to Biden |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/16/congress-sends-first-weed-bill-to-biden-00068082 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=POLITICO |date=November 16, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107185512/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/16/congress-sends-first-weed-bill-to-biden-00068082 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2025, Biden declared the lapsed [[Equal Rights Amendment]] ratified as the "28th Amendment" to the [[Constitution of the United States|constitution]]. However, the declaration has no formal effect<ref name="Stokols">{{cite news |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |last2=Cancryn |first2=Adam |title=Biden declares the ERA the law of the land — but it likely will not matter |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/17/biden-era-amendment-004495 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=Politico}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biden says Equal Rights Amendment is ratified, kicking off expected legal battle as he pushes through final executive actions |last1=Klein |first1=Betsy |last2=Saenz |first2=Arlette Saenz |date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/17/politics/joe-biden-equal-right-amendment/index.html |access-date=January 17, 2025}}</ref> and the [[National Archives of the United States|National Archives]] has said they do not intend to certify the amendment as part of the constitution, citing "established legal, judicial, and procedural decisions."<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2025/nr25-004|title=Statement on the Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Process|date=December 17, 2024|access-date=January 17, 2025|publisher=The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}</ref>

==== LGBT rights ====
The [[United States Department of Agriculture]] unveiled efforts in 2022 to prevent [[Anti-LGBT discrimination in the United States|anti-LGBT discrimination]] in food programs, including [[National School Lunch Act|school lunch programs]], resulting in 20 lawsuits from 20 Republican [[Attorney general|attorneys general]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Republican attorneys general sue federal government over LGBTQ school meal guidance |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/republican-attorneys-general-sue-federal-government-lgbtq-school-meal-rcna40250 |access-date=October 31, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031170110/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/republican-attorneys-general-sue-federal-government-lgbtq-school-meal-rcna40250 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2022, Biden signed the [[Respect for Marriage Act]], which repealed the [[Defense of Marriage Act]] (DOMA), required states to recognize other states' marriage certificates for [[LGBT]] Americans, and ensured some religious liberties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montanaro |first=Domenico |title=Biden signs Respect for Marriage Act, reflecting his and the country's evolution |website=[[NPR]] |date=December 13, 2022 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/12/13/1142331501/biden-to-sign-respect-for-marriage-act-reflecting-his-and-the-countrys-evolution |access-date=August 31, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004104120/https://www.npr.org/2022/12/13/1142331501/biden-to-sign-respect-for-marriage-act-reflecting-his-and-the-countrys-evolution |url-status=live }}</ref> The bill came from a push from Democrats to codify same-sex marriage after the [[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|Dobbs decision]], particularly [[Clarence Thomas]]'s push to reconsider other [[precedent]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=July 19, 2022 |title=House passes same-sex marriage protections in response to Roe ruling, with murky Senate path ahead |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/19/house-votes-on-same-sex-marriage-bill-after-supreme-court-roe-ruling.html |access-date=August 31, 2023 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719234455/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/19/house-votes-on-same-sex-marriage-bill-after-supreme-court-roe-ruling.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2023, the Biden administration released an "evidence agenda" for [[LGBT people in the United States|LGBTQI+ Americans]] to learn about "their experiences engaging with federal agencies and the disparities they face in their daily lives," as well as documenting how many LGBT people live in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2023 |title=FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Releases First-Ever Federal Evidence Agenda on LGBTQI+ Equity {{!}} OSTP |website=The White House |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ostp/news-updates/2023/01/24/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-releases-first-ever-federal-evidence-agenda-on-lgbtqi-equity/ |access-date=October 31, 2023 |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031163718/https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2023/01/24/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-releases-first-ever-federal-evidence-agenda-on-lgbtqi-equity/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FEDERAL EVIDENCE AGENDA ON LGBTQI+ EQUITY |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Federal-Evidence-Agenda-on-LGBTQI-Equity.pdf |author=((Subcommittee on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Variations in Sex Characteristics (SOGI) Data)) |date=January 2023 |access-date=October 31, 2023 |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123032132/https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Federal-Evidence-Agenda-on-LGBTQI-Equity.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Abortion====
In December 2021, the Biden administration ended a long-standing restriction on sales of abortion pills through the mail. This decision came amidst legal cases and Supreme Court decisions that jeopardized abortion access in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|title=FDA eliminates key restriction on abortion pill as Supreme Court weighs case that challenges Roe v. Wade|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/16/abortion-pill-fda/|access-date=December 16, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216222754/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/16/abortion-pill-fda/|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the U.S. Supreme Court overturned ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' and ''[[Planned Parenthood v. Casey]]'' on June 24, 2022, in ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization]],'' Biden addressed the nation in the Cross Hall of the White House.<ref name="whitehouse1">{{cite web |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Remarks by President Biden on the Supreme Court Decision to Overturn Roe v. Wade |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/06/24/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-supreme-court-decision-to-overturn-roe-v-wade/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=The White House |language=en-US |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710040456/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/06/24/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-supreme-court-decision-to-overturn-roe-v-wade/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="c-span1">{{cite web |title=President Biden Reacts to Supreme Court Decision Overturning Roe v. Wade {{!}} C-SPAN.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?521322-1/president-biden-calls-supreme-court-abortion-ruling-sad-day-court-country |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=www.c-span.org |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703112151/https://www.c-span.org/video/?521322-1/president-biden-calls-supreme-court-abortion-ruling-sad-day-court-country |url-status=live }}</ref> He mentioned that "it's a sad day ... for the country" and "with Roe gone, ... The health and life of women in this nation are now at risk."<ref name="whitehouse1"/><ref name="c-span1"/> In addition, he attacked the Court saying "With this decision, the conservative majority of the Supreme Court shows how extreme it is" and "They have made the United States an outlier among developed nations in the world."<ref name="whitehouse1"/><ref name="c-span1"/> Regarding action, Biden stated that his administration will defend the right of women to seek an abortion in another state where abortion is legal and help protect a woman's access to contraception and abortion pills approved by the FDA.<ref name="whitehouse1"/><ref name="c-span1"/> He also called on Congress to codify ''Roe v. Wade'', saying "No executive action ... can do that.".<ref name="whitehouse1"/><ref name="c-span1"/> But stated that if Congress did not have the votes to codify, that the voters would have to take action by "elect[ing] more senators and representatives who will codify a woman's right to choose into federal law."<ref name="whitehouse1"/><ref name="c-span1"/>

The Biden administration rejected the call from [[Progressivism in the United States|progressives]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Morgan |first1=David |last2=Lawder |first2=David |date=June 27, 2022 |title=Democratic women call on Biden, Congress to protect abortion rights |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democratic-women-call-biden-congress-protect-federal-abortion-rights-2022-06-26/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830155754/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democratic-women-call-biden-congress-protect-federal-abortion-rights-2022-06-26/ |url-status=live }}</ref> to allow abortions on federal land, with White House press secretary [[Karine Jean-Pierre]] saying, "in states where abortion is now illegal, women and providers who are not federal employees, as you look at the federal land, could be potentially – be prosecuted."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Kate |date=June 28, 2022 |title=White House press secretary says using federal lands for abortion services would have 'dangerous ramifications' {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/28/politics/white-house-federal-lands-abortion/index.html |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830155752/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/28/politics/white-house-federal-lands-abortion/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During a press conference at the [[2022 Madrid summit|2022 Madrid NATO Summit]], Biden expressed support for providing an exception to the filibuster to codify ''Roe v. Wade.''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sprunt |first=Barbara |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Biden says he supports change in Senate filibuster rules for abortion rights |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108880746/biden-filibuster-abortion-rights |access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709101913/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108880746/biden-filibuster-abortion-rights |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Criminal justice and crime rates====
The Biden administration rescinded a Trump administration policy that curtailed the use of [[consent decree]]s that had been used by previous administrations in their investigations of misconduct in police departments.<ref>{{cite news|last=Balsamo|first=Michael|date=April 17, 2021|title=Garland rescinds Trump-era memo curtailing consent decrees|work=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/garland-rescinds-trump-era-memo-curtailing-consent-decrees-77118681|access-date=July 5, 2021|agency=Associated Press|archive-date=May 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530233018/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/garland-rescinds-trump-era-memo-curtailing-consent-decrees-77118681|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Biden proposed in his fiscal 2022 budget to more than double funding for the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Hiring Program, which helps state and local governments to hire law enforcement officers.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 29, 2021|title=The continuing GOP fiction that President Biden supports defunding police|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/29/continuing-gop-fiction-that-president-biden-supports-defunding-police/|access-date=July 5, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701201428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/29/continuing-gop-fiction-that-president-biden-supports-defunding-police/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite perceptions, notably by Republicans and conservative media, of a "crime crisis" of soaring violent crime under Biden, FBI data indicated the violent crime rate had declined significantly during the president's first two years in office, after a spike in 2020 during the [[COVID pandemic]]. By 2022, the violent crime rate was near a 50-year low, and preliminary data released in early 2024 indicated continuing declines in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Louis |title=No, crime has not 'skyrocketed' under Joe Biden, as Rep. Nancy Mace claimed |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/apr/03/nancy-mace/has-crime-skyrocketed-under-joe-biden-not-exactly/ |publisher=PolitiFact |date=April 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Louis |title=Joe Biden is correct that violent crime is near a 50-year low |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/may/28/joe-biden/joe-biden-is-correct-that-violent-crime-is-near-a/ |publisher=PolitiFact |date=May 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabbatt |first1=Adam |title=FBI data shows US crime plummeted in 2023 but experts warn report is incomplete |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/19/fbi-data-shows-us-crime-plummeted-2023 |work=The Guardian |date=March 19, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fox News' attempt to manufacture a Biden crime crisis runs into a problem: Violent crime is down |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/fox-news-attempt-manufacture-biden-crime-crisis-runs-problem-violent-crime-down |publisher=Media Matters |date=February 29, 2024}}</ref>

As of July 1, 2024, violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narea |first=Nicole |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Violent crime is plummeting. Why? |url=https://www.vox.com/policy/366622/violent-crime-dropping-pandemic-wave-2024 |access-date=August 27, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pfaff |first=John |date=August 26, 2024 |title=Crime Is Down. Kamala Is Up. |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/185266/violent-crime-homicides-down-kamala-up |access-date=August 27, 2024 |magazine=The New Republic |issn=0028-6583}}</ref>

==== Pardons and commutations ====
{{See also|List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States#Joe Biden}}

Biden issued more individual pardons and commutations than any other president.<ref name = "APpardons"/> On October 6, 2022, he pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] possession under federal law.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Daniels |first1=Eugene |last2=Fertig |first2=Natalie |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Biden pardons marijuana offenses, calls for review of federal law |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/06/biden-to-pardon-marijuana-offenses-call-for-review-of-federal-law-00060796 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |magazine=[[Politico]]}}</ref> In December 2023, he pardoned Americans for cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Shivaram |first=Deepa | url=https://www.npr.org/2023/12/22/1221230390/biden-pardons-clemency-marijuana-drug-offenses | title=Biden expands pardons for marijuana possession and grants clemency to 11 | publisher=[[NPR]] | date=December 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Miller |first=Zeke | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-marijuana-pardons-clemency-02abde991a05ff7dfa29bfc3c74e9d64 | title=Biden pardons thousands convicted of marijuana charges on federal lands and in Washington | publisher=[[Associated Press]] | date=December 22, 2023}}</ref> In December 2024, in the largest single-day clemency act in history, Biden granted clemency to about 1,500 nonviolent felons in [[home confinement]] who had previously been released from prison.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Long |first1=Colleen | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-pardons-clemency-4432002d67334e6716c2776fd73f3cc8 | title=Biden commutes roughly 1,500 sentences and pardons 39 people in biggest single-day act of clemency | publisher=[[Associated Press]] | date=December 12, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Keith |first1=Tamara |last2=Shivaram |first2=Deepa | url=https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons | title=Biden commutes sentences for 1,500 people. Some say he could do a lot more | publisher=[[NPR]] | date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref> The act generated controversy, as it included felons such as [[Michael Conahan]], a judge involved in the [[kids for cash|kids for cash kickback scandal]], and [[Rita Crundwell]], a comptroller responsible for the single largest municipal fraud in U.S. history.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news| url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/13/politics/joe-biden-commutations-pennsylvania-illinois/index.html | title=Victims 'shocked' after Biden grants clemency to 'kids-for-cash' judge and $54 million embezzler | agency=[[CNN]] | date=December 13, 2024}}</ref> Also in December 2024, Biden commuted the sentences of 37 of the 40 individuals on [[Capital punishment by the United States federal government|federal death row]] to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavi |first1=Aishvarya |title=Biden Commutes 37 Death Sentences Ahead of Trump's Plan to Resume Federal Execution |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/23/us/politics/biden-commutes-37-death-sentences.html |access-date=December 24, 2024 |work=New York Times |date=December 24, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-commutes-sentences-37-of-40-federal-death-row-inmates/ | title=Biden commutes sentences of 37 of 40 federal death row inmates to life in prison without possibility of parole | website=CBS News | date=December 24, 2024 }}</ref>

On December 1, 2024, Biden [[Hunter Biden#Pardon of criminal offenses|issued a "full and unconditional" pardon]] to his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]] that covered all federal offenses between that day and 2014, going back on his June 2024 pledge not to do so.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Richer |first2=Alanna Durkin |last3=Long |first3=Colleen |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-son-hunter-charges-pardon-pledge-24f3007c2d2f467fa48e21bbc7262525 |title=Biden pardons his son Hunter despite previous pledges not to |work=[[AP News]] |date=December 2, 2024 |access-date=March 24, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news {last1=Long |first1=Colleen |last2=Miller |first2=Zeke |url=https://apnews.com/article/hunter-biden-pardon-president-trump-d5c8e7fbead7218c9b1e03a290945267 |title=Biden's broken promise on pardoning his son Hunter is raising new questions about his legacy |work=[[AP News]] |date=December 3, 2024 |access-date=March 24, 2026}}</ref> In a statement announcing the pardon, Biden said he believed his son was "selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted".<ref>{{cite news|last=Morin |first=Rebecca |title=President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden despite pledges not to |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/12/01/president-joe-biden-hunter-biden-pardon/76693183007/ |access-date=December 2, 2024 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref>

On his last day in office, Biden issued pardons for five family members, including [[James Biden|his brother James]], and others targeted for retribution by his successor.<ref name="lastpardonnyt">{{cite news|first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Michael D. |last2=Shear |authorlink2=Michael D. Shear |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Biden in Final Hours Pardons Relatives and Others to Thwart Trump Reprisals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/20/us/politics/biden-pardons-fauci-milley-cheney-jan-6.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 1, 2025}}</ref> They included the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff [[Mark Milley]], former [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] director [[Anthony Fauci]], and members and participants in the [[House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack]].<ref name="lastpardonnyt"/><ref name = "APpardons">{{#invoke:cite|news|date=January 20, 2025 |title=Biden pardons Fauci, Milley and the Jan. 6 panel. It's a guard against potential 'revenge' by Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-trump-fauci-milley-pardons-january-6-3cba287f89051513fb48d7ae700ae747 |work = [[Associated Press News]]}}</ref> Biden said the pardons were pre-emptive to protect the individuals against politically motivated vengeance by the incoming Trump administration and should not be seen as an acknowledgment of wrongdoing.<ref name="lastpardonnyt"/><ref name="bbc.com"/><ref name="cnn.com"/>

====Gun control====
[[File:Biden delivers remarks on gun control measures.jpg|thumb|President Biden announces new executive measures on gun control with Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] and Attorney General [[Merrick Garland]] in the [[White House Rose Garden]], April 8, 2021.]] [[File:President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde -Texas.webm|thumb|President Biden addresses the nation after the [[Robb Elementary School shooting]].]]

In a national address in March 2021, after [[mass shootings in the United States|mass shootings]] in the [[2021 Atlanta spa shootings|Atlanta area]] and [[2021 Boulder shooting|Boulder, Colorado]], Biden advocated further gun regulations, such as a restored [[Assault weapons legislation in the United States|ban on assault weapons]] and a [[high-capacity magazine ban]], as well as reinforcing preexisting background checks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Liptak|first1=Kevin|last2=Zeleny|first2=Jeff|date=March 23, 2021|title=Biden pushes House-passed gun reforms in the wake of Colorado mass shooting|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/politics/biden-gun-control-colorado-atlanta/index.html|access-date=March 23, 2021|work=[[CNN]]|archive-date=March 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324143909/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/politics/biden-gun-control-colorado-atlanta/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Karni|first1=Annie|last2=Edmondson|first2=Catie|date=March 23, 2021|title=Biden Seeks Assault Weapons Ban and Background Checks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/23/us/politics/biden-gun-control.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/23/us/politics/biden-gun-control.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|access-date=March 23, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

After the [[Robb Elementary School shooting]] on May 24, 2022, President Biden addressed the nation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Megerian |first2=Chris |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Biden says 'we have to act' after Texas school shooting |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-to-address-nation-over-uvalde-school-shooting-c2c414829a7397cb6e3de82636de2ba9 |access-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531223726/https://apnews.com/article/biden-to-address-nation-over-uvalde-school-shooting-c2c414829a7397cb6e3de82636de2ba9 |url-status=live }}</ref> The next week, he again called on Congress to pass an assault weapons and high-capacity magazine ban, as well as [[red flag law]]s and other legislation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nazaryan |first=Alexander |date=June 3, 2022 |title='Enough!': Biden calls for assault weapons ban |url=https://news.yahoo.com/enough-biden-calls-for-assault-weapons-ban-002644979.html |access-date=June 5, 2022 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |archive-date=June 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606023153/https://news.yahoo.com/enough-biden-calls-for-assault-weapons-ban-002644979.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Weissert |first2=Will |date=June 3, 2022 |title=Biden appeals for tougher gun laws: 'How much more carnage?' |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/biden-speak-mass-shootings-urge-congress-act-85140116 |access-date=June 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606020051/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/biden-speak-mass-shootings-urge-congress-act-85140116 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the shooting, the [[Bipartisan Safer Communities Act]] was eventually passed by Congress and signed into law. It marked the first federal gun safety law to have been enacted in 30 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Congress passes first gun control bill in decades |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61919752 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107184709/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61919752 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the [[Colorado Springs nightclub shooting]], Biden called again for an assault weapons ban.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 25, 2022|title=Emboldened Biden, Dems push ban on so-called assault weapons|url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-gun-violence-colorado-shootings-f85b4b9a59e3852868950d797f79a351|access-date=November 28, 2022|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128053623/https://apnews.com/article/biden-gun-violence-colorado-shootings-f85b4b9a59e3852868950d797f79a351|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Space policy===
The Biden administration reversed the Trump administration's method of using the [[National Space Council]] to coordinate commercial, civil, and military space policies, instead using the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] to issue national security memoranda instead of the Space Council's space policy directives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Erwin |first1=Sandra |title=White House to realign responsibilities for space policy oversight |url=https://spacenews.com/white-house-to-realign-responsibilities-for-space-policy-oversight/ |access-date=February 26, 2021 |work=SpaceNews |date=February 5, 2021}}</ref> The Biden administration renewed the National Space Council, chaired by Vice President Harris,<ref name=FisherSpace>{{cite news|author=Kristin Fisher|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/05/politics/harris-first-meeting-national-space-council/index.html|title=Harris to announce Biden administration's first meeting of the National Space Council|publisher=CNN|date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-date=November 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115170145/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/05/politics/harris-first-meeting-national-space-council/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to assist the president in generating national space policies, strategies, and synchronizing America's space activities."<ref>{{cite news|author=Bryan Bender|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-defense/2021/03/29/scoop-biden-to-renew-national-space-council-794316|title=SCOOP: Biden to renew National Space Council|date=March 29, 2021|work=Politico|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117012943/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-defense/2021/03/29/scoop-biden-to-renew-national-space-council-794316|url-status=live}}</ref> Harris held meetings with the leaders of five countries to discuss [[Politics of outer space|international cooperation on space issues]].<ref name=FisherSpace/>

The Biden administration continued the [[Artemis program]] to send people back [[Moon landing|to the Moon]].<ref name=FisherSpace/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |date=February 4, 2021 |title=White House endorses Artemis program |url=https://spacenews.com/white-house-endorses-artemis-program/ |work=SpaceNews |access-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208021759/https://spacenews.com/white-house-endorses-artemis-program/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The administration also emphasized the role of NASA in studying [[climate change]].<ref name=FisherSpace/><ref name=BenderCustodio>{{cite news|author1=Bryan Bender|author2=Jonathan Custodio|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/10/31/climate-change-space-satellites-517773|title='It is a game changer': Waging war on climate change from space|date=October 31, 2021|work=Politico|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117012945/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/10/31/climate-change-space-satellites-517773|url-status=live}}</ref>

Biden appointed [[Bill Nelson]], an astronaut and former U.S. senator, to the post of [[NASA administrator]]. Nelson was confirmed unanimously by the Senate in April 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-bill-nelson-florida-business-bills-8ff8e26d4cb76f81d9cc5da3e96cb149|title=Senate confirms former Florida Sen. Bill Nelson to lead NASA|date=April 29, 2021|work=Associated Press|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117012934/https://apnews.com/article/politics-bill-nelson-florida-business-bills-8ff8e26d4cb76f81d9cc5da3e96cb149|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2021, as part of his first annual budget request, Biden proposed a $24.8 billion budget for NASA in 2022, a $1.5 billion increase on what Congress allocated to 2021.<ref name=BenderCustodio/><ref name=Space.com1>{{cite news|url=https://www.space.com/biden-nasa-2022-budget-request|title=Biden proposes $24.7 billion NASA budget in 2022 to support moon exploration and more|publisher=[[Space.com]]|date=April 9, 2021|access-date=April 10, 2021|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410002136/https://www.space.com/biden-nasa-2022-budget-request|url-status=live}}</ref> The proposal includes funding for the Artemis program for a new crewed [[Moon landing]] mission.<ref name="Space.com1" /> The proposal also included a 12.5% increase for NASA's Earth Science Division, as well as a 22% increase for the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]], which operates a fleet of [[weather satellite]]s; both measures aimed to use space tools to study and [[Climate change mitigation|mitigate climate change]].<ref name=BenderCustodio/>

On December 1, 2021, Biden announced his new framework for US space policy, the United States Space Priorities Framework, which explains Biden's approach for commercial, civil, and military space activity.<ref name="The White House-2021">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2021 |title=UNITED STATES SPACE PRIORITIES FRAMEWORK |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/12/01/united-states-space-priorities-framework/ |access-date=September 16, 2023 |website=The White House |archive-date=September 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926082900/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/12/01/united-states-space-priorities-framework/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a new emphasis on combating climate change and investing in [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] education.<ref name="The White House-2021" />

=== Supreme Court ===
On July 29, 2024, Biden announced a plan to reform the Supreme Court of the United States. The plan called for three major changes. The first was an amendment to the Constitution, the No One Is Above the Law Amendment, which would eliminate immunity for presidents. This would effectively reverse the Supreme Court's decision in ''[[Trump v. United States (2024)|Trump v. United States]]''. Second, Biden laid out a plan for creating term limits for Supreme Court justices. Under his plan, every two years presidents would appoint justices to 18 year terms. Lastly, he pushed for "a binding code of conduct" to replace the Supreme Court's existing self-enforced ethics code.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 29, 2024 |title=Opinion {{!}} Joe Biden: My plan to reform the Supreme Court and ensure no president is above the law |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/07/29/joe-biden-reform-supreme-court-presidential-immunity-plan-announcement/ |access-date=July 29, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

=== Surveillance ===
In 2024, Biden reauthorized [[Section 702]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amiri |first1=Farnoush |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |title=Biden signs bill extending a key US surveillance program after divisions nearly forced it to lapse |url=https://apnews.com/article/fisa-donald-trump-surveillance-congress-johnson-81e991c9f82e77b2fe13f8a3e0e25349 |work=[[AP News]] |date=April 20, 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Foreign affairs==
{{See also|List of visits by foreign leaders to the United States under Joe Biden}}
{{See also|Antony Blinken#Foreign policy positions}}
[[File:President Joe Biden signs H.R. 335.jpg|thumb|President Biden signs his first bill, H.R. 335.]]{{main|Foreign policy of the Biden administration}}

[[File:President Joe Biden's international trips.png|thumb|upright=1.4|{{As of|2024|12}}, [[List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden|Biden had made 21 international trips]] to 28 different countries during his presidency.]]

===Defense===
On January 22, 2021, Biden signed his first bill,<ref name="Hoffman"/> H.R. 335 into law, providing a waiver to the law preventing appointment of a [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] who had been on active duty in the [[United States Army|armed forces]] within the past seven years;<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Signing: H.R. 335 |website=The White House |date=January 22, 2021 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/legislation/2021/01/22/bill-signing-hr-335/ |access-date=January 22, 2021}}</ref> this was the third time such a waiver was granted by Congress. Retired army [[Four-star rank|four-star]] [[General (United States)|general]] [[Lloyd Austin]] was confirmed by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] in a 93–2 vote that same day, making Austin the first [[African-American]] Defense Secretary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Senate confirms Lloyd Austin to be first Black defense secretary |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/22/politics/lloyd-austin-senate-vote-confirmation/index.html |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman">{{cite news |last=Hoffman |first=Jason |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden signs first bill into law as President, granting a waiver to his Defense pick |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/president-joe-biden-news-01-22-20/h_5cd510d89040f6be531921b3f7ac077d |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=CNN }}</ref>

[[File:President Joe Biden visits the Department of Defense (01).jpg|thumb|President Biden delivers remarks at [[The Pentagon]], February 2021.]]

Austin said his number one priority was to assist [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19]] relief efforts, pledging he would "quickly review the Department's contributions to COVID-19 relief efforts, ensuring that we're doing everything that we can to help distribute vaccines across the country and to vaccinate our troops and preserve readiness."<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Gen. Lloyd Austin's full opening statement in Senate confirmation hearing |url=https://www.wpbstv.org/watch-gen-lloyd-austins-full-opening-statement-in-senate-confirmation-hearing/ |work=WPBS |date=January 19, 2021}}</ref>

On February 10, 2021, Biden visited [[the Pentagon]] for the first time as president.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland|first1=Steve|last2=Stewart|first2=Phil|title=In Pentagon debut, Biden promises break from Trump-era politicization of military |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-defense-idUSKBN2AA2X2 |work=Reuters |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> In remarks to service members alongside Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, Biden announced a [[U.S. Department of Defense]]-led China task force "to provide a baseline assessment of department policies, programs and processes in regard to the challenge China poses."<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden Announces DOD China Task Force |url=https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2500271/biden-announces-dod-china-task-force/ |website=U.S. Department of Defense}}</ref>

On June 18, 2021, the administration removed eight [[MIM-104 Patriot]] anti-missile batteries from [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Jordan]], [[Kuwait]], and [[Iraq]], removed the [[THAAD]] anti-missile defense system from Saudi Arabia, and announced that most jet squadrons and hundreds of [[American troops]] would be withdrawn from the region. The changes come in light of both de-escalating tensions with Iran and the administration changing its focus on countering China.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|last2=Lubold|first2=Gordon|last3=Youssef|first3=Nancy A.|date=June 18, 2021|title=U.S. Military to Withdraw Hundreds of Troops, Aircraft, Antimissile Batteries From Middle East|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-military-to-withdraw-hundreds-of-troops-aircraft-antimissile-batteries-from-middle-east-11624045575|access-date=July 5, 2021|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

After taking office, Biden heavily restricted the use of [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|armed drones]] and drone strikes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/03/us/politics/biden-drones.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/03/us/politics/biden-drones.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|title=Biden Secretly Limits Counterterrorism Drone Strikes Away From War Zones|access-date=December 8, 2021|date=March 3, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-administration-curtails-drone-strikes-amid-major-policy-review-nyt-2021-3|title=Biden administration curtails drone strikes amid major policy review|access-date=December 8, 2021|date=March 4, 2021|work=[[Business Insider]]|author=Charles Davis}}</ref> After Biden's first year in office, drone strikes had hit a 20-year low and were heavily limited by the administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theweek.com/foreign-policy/1007579/biden-nearly-ended-the-drone-war-and-nobody-noticed|title=Why U.S. Drone Strikes Are at an All-Time Low|access-date=December 8, 2021|date=July 1, 2021|author=Michael Hirsh|work=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theweek.com/foreign-policy/1007579/biden-nearly-ended-the-drone-war-and-nobody-noticed|title=Biden nearly ended the drone war, and nobody noticed|access-date=December 8, 2021|date=December 1, 2021|author=Ryan Cooper|work=[[The Week]]}}</ref>

[[File:230929-D-LS763-1036 (53229051939).jpg|thumb|Biden and Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] at the welcoming ceremony for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff [[Charles Q. Brown Jr.]] (left) on September 29, 2023. Outgoing chairman General [[Mark Milley]] (right) and Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]] (center-right) are present.]]

In October 2023, President Biden asked Congress for nearly $106 billion in funding for Israel, Ukraine, countering China in the Indo-Pacific, and operations on the southern U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden asks Congress for $106 billion for Ukraine, Israel, U.S. border |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/10/20/biden-budget-request-ukraine-israel-border |work=Axios |date=October 20, 2023}}</ref> Biden signed a record $886 billion [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024|defense spending bill]] into law on December 22, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden signs record $886 billion defense bill into law |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/23/biden-billions-defense-israel-ukraine-ndaa |work=Axios |date=December 23, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biden signs defense policy bill, extending controversial spying program |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/12/22/biden-defense-bill-spying-program-00133124 |work=Politico |date=December 22, 2023}}</ref>

===Indo-Pacific strategy===
[[File:P20210924AS-1147-2 (51707173079).jpg|thumb|President Biden hosted the Quad meeting at the White House, September 24, 2021.]]
[[File:Fumio Kishida and Yoon Suk Yeol at Camp David 4.jpg|thumb|President Biden hosted the [[American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact]] at [[Camp David]], August 18, 2023.]]

In 2021, Biden held a virtual meeting with leaders of [[Japan]], [[India]] and [[Australia]], an alliance of countries known as the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]], or the Quad, that work together to address China's expansionism in the [[Indo-Pacific]] region.<ref name="wsj._Biden_Meets">{{cite web |title=Biden Meets World Leaders in Quest for More Covid-19 Vaccine |last1=Lubold |first1=Gordon |last2=Leary |first2=Alex |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 12, 2021 |access-date=March 21, 2021 |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-meets-world-leaders-in-a-quest-for-more-vaccine-11615527000}}</ref><ref name="wsj._U.S._India">{{cite web |title=U.S., India Vow to Deepen Defense Ties |last=Roy |first=Rajesh |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 20, 2021 |access-date=March 21, 2021 |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-india-vow-to-deepen-defense-ties-11616246056}}</ref> This was followed by high level meetings and sanctions on Chinese officials,<ref name="npr._Blinken_Austin">{{Cite news |title=Blinken, Austin Work To Revive Asian Alliance To Counter China, North Korea |last=King |first=Noel |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=March 17, 2021 |access-date=March 21, 2021 |url= https://www.npr.org/2021/03/17/978065786/blinken-austin-work-to-revive-asian-alliance-to-counter-china-north-korea}}</ref><ref name="wsj._Bitter_Alaska"/><ref name="wsj._U.S._India"/> and later hosting the first in-person Quad summit at the White House.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Highlights: Quad will establish peace and prosperity in the world, says PM|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/quad-summit-2021-live-updates-pm-modi-in-us-joe-biden-japan-pm-australia-highlights-121092400301_1.html|access-date=September 25, 2021|website=www.business-standard.com|date=September 24, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

On May 23, 2022, Biden launched the [[Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity]] (IPEF) with 12 regional partners to counter growing Chinese economic and political influence in the Indo-Pacific region,<ref>{{cite web |date=May 23, 2022 |title=FACT SHEET: In Asia, President Biden and a Dozen Indo-Pacific Partners Launch the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/23/fact-sheet-in-asia-president-biden-and-a-dozen-indo-pacific-partners-launch-the-indo-pacific-economic-framework-for-prosperity/ |access-date=May 29, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en-US}}</ref> a move China described as a "closed and exclusive club".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Kevin |date=May 23, 2022 |title=Biden unveils his economic plan for countering China in Asia |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/22/politics/joe-biden-japan-monday/index.html |access-date=May 29, 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biden unveils Indo-Pacific framework countering China during Japan visit |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20220523-biden-unveils-indo-pacific-framework-countering-china-during-japan-visit |access-date=May 29, 2022 |work=[[France 24]] |date=May 23, 2022}}</ref> In November 2023, under pressure from Congressional Democrats, the Biden administration halted plans for the IPEF's trade component.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rogers |first1=Alex |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Joe Biden halts plan for Indo-Pacific trade deal after opposition from Democrats |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d124ee69-dc6e-4a84-b18a-26a39235ab11 |access-date=November 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bade |first=Gavin |date=November 14, 2023 |title=How Sherrod Brown rattled Biden's summit agenda |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/11/14/electoral-angst-biden-trade-deal-00127064 |access-date=July 7, 2024 |work=Politico}}</ref>

On August 18, 2023, Biden hosted Japan's [[Fumio Kishida]] and South Korea's [[Yoon Suk Yeol]] at [[Camp David]], producing the [[American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact|Camp David Principles]] relating to joint military exercises, [[supply chain]] resilience, and united criticism of North Korea, Russia, and China.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hunnicutt |first1=Trevor |last2=Shin |first2=Hyonhee |date=August 18, 2023 |title=Major takeaways from US, Japan, South Korea summit |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/major-takeaways-us-japan-south-korea-summit-2023-08-18/ |access-date=August 18, 2023}}</ref>

===China===
Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China and build "a united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China's abusive behaviors and human rights violations."<ref name="fore_Why_America">{{cite magazine |title=Why America Must Lead Again |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. |magazine=[[Foreign Affairs]] |date=January 23, 2020 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |url= https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-01-23/why-america-must-lead-again}}</ref> He described China as the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges on the "prosperity, security, and democratic values" of the U.S.<ref name="whit_Remarks_by">{{cite web |title=Remarks by President Biden on America's Place in the World |publisher=[[The White House]] |date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=February 6, 2021 |url= https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/02/04/remarks-by-president-biden-on-americas-place-in-the-world/}}</ref>

Biden nominated [[Antony Blinken]] to serve as Secretary of State who took office on January 26, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hansler |first1=Jennifer |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Antony Blinken sworn in as Biden's secretary of state |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/26/politics/blinken-confirmation-secretary-of-state/index.html |access-date=January 28, 2021 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="Bernstein-2021">{{cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Brittany|date=January 20, 2021|title=Incoming Secretary of State Backs Pompeo's Uyghur Genocide Designation|work=[[National Review]]|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/incoming-secretary-of-state-backs-pompeos-uyghur-genocide-designation/}}</ref> During his nomination hearing, Blinken said that previous optimistic approaches to China were flawed,<ref name="wsj._Blinken_Backs">{{cite web |last1=Mauldin |first1=William |last2=Gordon |first2=Michael R. |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Blinken Backs Tough Approach to China, Says Will Work With GOP |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/blinken-to-address-u-s-rivalry-with-china-russia-in-senate-hearing-11611069439?mod=article_inline |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=January 28, 2021 }}</ref> and that Biden's predecessor, Donald Trump, "was right in taking a tougher approach to China" but he "disagree[s] very much with the way [Trump] went about it in a number of areas."<ref name="Bernstein-2021"/> He endorsed former secretary of state [[Mike Pompeo]]'s report that China is committing a [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|genocide against Uyghur Muslims]].<ref name="Bernstein-2021"/>

[[File:Secretary Blinken Meets With Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang (51647860110).jpg|thumb|Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]] meets with Chinese [[State councillor|State Councillor]] and Foreign Minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] on October 31, 2021.]]

In March 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, [[national security advisor|National Security Advisor]] [[Jake Sullivan]] and other administration officials met with the [[Chinese Communist Party Politburo]] member [[Yang Jiechi]], Chinese foreign minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]], and other Chinese officials in [[Alaska]] with heated exchanges on [[human rights in China|China's human rights]] abuses, [[Chinese cyberwarfare|cyberattacks]], its threats against [[Taiwan]], its crackdown in [[Xinjiang]] and [[Hong Kong]], and other issues of U.S. interest. The Chinese side countered: "The U.S. does not have the qualification to speak to China from a position of strength [and] does not serve as a model to others [and] China's development and strengthening is unstoppable."<ref name="wsj._Bitter_Alaska">{{cite web |title=Bitter Alaska Meeting Complicates Already Shaky U.S.-China Ties |last=Mauldin |first=William |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 19, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitter-alaska-meeting-complicates-already-shaky-u-s-china-ties-11616185669}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=March 19, 2021|title=US and China trade angry words at high-level Alaska talks|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56452471|access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>

On October 20, 2021, Biden said he is concerned about [[Hypersonic flight|Chinese hypersonic missiles]], days after China tested a [[China and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear-capable]] hypersonic missile that circled the globe before speeding towards its target.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden airs hypersonic missile fears as probable ambassador labels China 'untrustworthy' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/biden-airs-hypersonic-missile-fears-as-probable-ambassador-labels-china-untrustworthy/a-59568428 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=October 20, 2021}}</ref>

[[File:President Biden met with President Xi of the PRC before the 2022 G20 Bali Summit.jpg|thumb|Biden meets with [[Paramount leader|Chinese leader]] [[Xi Jinping]] at the [[2022 G20 Bali summit|G20 summit]] in [[Bali]] on November 14, 2022.]]

The U.S. took steps to [[Restrictions on TikTok in the United States|restrict TikTok]] over national-security concerns related to its Chinese ownership. In December 2022, Biden signed the [[No TikTok on Government Devices Act]], barring [[TikTok]] on federal devices.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ingram |first=David |date=December 30, 2022 |title=Biden signs TikTok ban for government devices, setting up a chaotic 2023 for the app |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/tiktok-ban-biden-government-college-state-federal-security-privacy-rcna63724 |url-status=live |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101212713/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/tiktok-ban-biden-government-college-state-federal-security-privacy-rcna63724 |archive-date=January 1, 2023}}</ref> In April 2024, he signed the [[Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act]],<ref>{{cite web |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Biden signs Ukraine aid, TikTok ban package after Republican battle |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/after-battle-with-republicans-biden-sign-ukraine-aid-package-2024-04-24/ |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> which set a deadline for apps owned by [[United States foreign adversaries#Other meanings|foreign adversaries]], such as TikTok's parent company [[ByteDance]], to either be sold to a non-adversary owner or be banned in the United States. TikTok's U.S. ban was not enforced; service was restored and the enforcement deadline was repeatedly extended.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/trump-extends-tiktok-ban-deadline-another-90-days-rcna213720 | title=Trump extends TikTok ban deadline by another 90 days | website=[[NBC News]] | date=June 19, 2025 }}</ref>

===Taiwan===
On September 18, 2022, Biden said that U.S. forces would defend Taiwan if China launched an invasion. China condemned the remark, saying it sent the wrong signal to supporters of Taiwanese independence. The policy was stated in contrast to Biden's previous exclusion of U.S. forces in support for Ukraine in its current conflict with Russia.<ref>{{cite web | last=David Brunnstrom | first=Trevor Hunnicutt | title=Biden says U.S. forces would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion | website=Reuters | date=September 19, 2022 | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-says-us-forces-would-defend-taiwan-event-chinese-invasion-2022-09-18/ | access-date=September 20, 2025}}</ref>

===Myanmar===
On February 1, 2021, Biden condemned the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|Myanmar coup d'état]] and called for the release of detained officials. Biden also left open the door to re-imposing sanctions on the country, saying in a statement that "[t]he United States removed sanctions on Burma over the past decade based on progress toward democracy. The reversal of that progress will necessitate an immediate review of our sanction laws and authorities, followed by appropriate action."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hansler|first=Jennifer|date=February 3, 2021|title=Biden administration designates Myanmar military takeover as a coup|work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/02/politics/myanmar-state-department-coup-determination/index.html|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref>

On March 5, 2021, Biden imposed sanctions on Myanmar's [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Myanmar)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)|Ministry of Defence]] and certain junta conglomerates.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pamuk|first1=Humeyra|last2=Alper|first2=Alexandra|date=March 5, 2021|title=U.S. blocks Myanmar ministries, military businesses from certain trade|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-blacklist-idUSKBN2AW2SL|access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced sanctions on several military generals in response to a violent crackdown on peaceful protests.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaoutte|first=Nicole|title=US and allies sanction Myanmar's military for violent repression of protesters|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/22/politics/us-allies-burma-sanctions/index.html|access-date=March 23, 2021|website=CNN|date=March 22, 2021 }}</ref>

===Afghanistan===
{{Main|2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan}}

[[File:President Joe Biden with President Ashraf Ghani and Chairman Abdullah Abdullah.jpg|thumb|Biden meeting with Afghan president [[Ashraf Ghani]] and chairman [[Abdullah Abdullah]], June 2021]]
[[File:President Biden Delivers Remarks on the Way Forward in Afghanistan.webm|thumb|250px|President Biden delivers remarks on Afghanistan ([[s:Remarks by President Biden on the Way Forward in Afghanistan|transcript]]).]]

In February 2020, the Trump administration [[United States–Taliban deal|made a deal]] with the [[Taliban]] to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.<ref name="images">{{cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David |title=For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |access-date=August 16, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210816031133/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2021, President Biden formally announced that American troops would instead withdraw from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021, which would signal an end to the U.S.'s longest war.<ref>{{cite web|last=Macias|first=Amanda|date=April 14, 2021|title='It is time to end America's longest war' — Biden announces U.S. troops to leave Afghanistan by Sept. 11|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/14/biden-announces-us-troops-to-leave-afghanistan-by-sept-11.html|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=CNBC}}</ref> According to Princeton professor [[Julian E. Zelizer]], Biden "clearly learned a great deal from his time in the Obama presidency", and demonstrated that "he is a politician capable of learning and evolving, contrary to some of the skeptics in the primaries who thought he didn't understand how politics had changed." According to ''Washington Post'' journalist Steven Levingston, "Obama listened to military leaders who advised him that withdrawal would be a mistake. Biden, meanwhile, was the top administration official arguing for a much more limited role for American forces in Afghanistan. Later, Biden would go on to say that he could tell by Obama's 'body language' that he agreed with that assessment — even though he ultimately rejected it."<ref name="Nazaryan 2021">{{cite news|last=Nazaryan|first=Alexander|date=April 14, 2021|url=https://news.yahoo.com/biden-breaks-with-obama-as-well-as-trump-on-everything-from-afghanistan-to-spending-211954060.html|title=Biden breaks with Obama, as well as Trump, on everything from Afghanistan to spending|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref>

Soon after the withdrawal of U.S. troops started, the [[Taliban]] launched an [[2021 Taliban offensive|offensive against the Afghan government]], quickly advancing in front of a collapsing [[Afghan Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Nic |title=Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |work=CNN|date= June 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Afghanistan stunned by scale and speed of security forces' collapse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/13/afghanistan-stunned-by-scale-and-speed-of-security-forces-collapse |work=The Guardian |date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> President Biden defended the withdrawal, saying "I trust the capacity of the Afghan military, who is better trained, better equipped and ... more competent in terms of conducting war."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Wajahat |title=Biden defends Afghanistan pullout as Taliban gain ground |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Biden-defends-Afghanistan-pullout-as-Taliban-gain-ground |work=[[Nikkei Asia]] |date=July 9, 2021 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |access-date=August 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812155333/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Biden-defends-Afghanistan-pullout-as-Taliban-gain-ground |url-status=dead }}</ref>

By early July 2021, most of the American troops in Afghanistan were withdrawn.<ref name=images/> Biden addressed the withdrawal, stating that: "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."<ref name=images/> On August 15, amid [[2021 Taliban offensive|an offensive by the Taliban]], the Afghan government collapsed, Afghan president [[Ashraf Ghani]] fled the country and [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Kabul fell to the Taliban]].<ref name=images/><ref name="messy">{{cite news |title=Biden defends 'messy' US pullout from Afghanistan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58238497 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist in the evacuation of American personnel and Afghan allies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prakash |first1=Nidhi |title=Joe Biden Blamed Afghan Leaders For Giving Up As The Taliban Took Control |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhiprakash/biden-afghanistan-speech-taliban-take-over |access-date=August 17, 2021 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> He has been criticized over the manner of the American withdrawal.<ref name="messy"/>

On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it ("the buck stops with me"), and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".<ref name="messy"/><ref name=buck1>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |title=Biden says "buck stops with me" and defends Afghanistan withdrawal |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-afghanistan-taliban-watch-live-stream-today-2021-08-16/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves", since the "Afghan military collapsed [against the Taliban], sometimes without trying to fight".<ref name=buck1/><ref name="buck2">{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=Biden says the 'buck stops with me' — while pinning blame on Trump and many Afghans |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/16/biden-says-buck-stops-with-me-while-pinning-blame-trump-lots-afghans/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> Biden partly attributed the lack of early evacuation of Afghan civilians to the Afghan government's opposition of a "mass exodus" which they thought would cause a "crisis of confidence".<ref name="buck2"/>

[[File:President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris are briefed by their national security team.jpg|thumb|President Biden discussing the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|fall of Kabul]] with the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]], August 2021]]

On August 26, a [[2021 Kabul airport attack|suicide attack]] was carried out by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - Khorasan Province]] at the [[Hamid Karzai International Airport]], killing more than 170 people, including at least 62 Afghan civilians, 13 US service members, two British nationals and the child of a third British national.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 25, 2021|title=Explosion outside Kabul airport|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-58279900|url-status=live|access-date=August 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826145526/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-58279900|archive-date=August 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=August 27, 2021|title=British victims of Kabul terror attack: Foreign Secretary's statement|work=[[Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office]]|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-victims-of-kabul-terror-attack-foreign-secretarys-statement|url-status=live|access-date=August 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827155143/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-victims-of-kabul-terror-attack-foreign-secretarys-statement|archive-date=August 27, 2021}}</ref> Biden made a public address after the attack, in which he honored the American service members who were killed, calling them "heroes" and saying they lost their lives "in the service of liberty", and stated that the US had evacuated more than 100,000 Americans, Afghans, and others. He expressed deep sorrow for the Afghan victims as well. Biden said to those who wished harm upon the US that "we will hunt you down and make you pay."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/us/politics/biden-afghanistan-speech-transcript.html|title=Transcript of Biden's Speech After Kabul Airport Attack|work=The New York Times|date=August 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Israeli PM and Biden postpone meeting because of Afghanistan|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/israeli-pm-to-make-case-to-biden-against-iran-nuclear-pact/2021/08/26/821b336c-0624-11ec-b3c4-c462b1edcfc8_story.html|access-date=August 28, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=August 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828005715/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/israeli-pm-to-make-case-to-biden-against-iran-nuclear-pact/2021/08/26/821b336c-0624-11ec-b3c4-c462b1edcfc8_story.html}}</ref> Biden received increasingly harsh criticism from both Republicans and Democrats in the US Congress, with Republicans calling for his resignation or for his impeachment.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 27, 2021|title=Pentagon warns of further attacks as Biden condemned over Afghan pullout|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/27/pentagon-afghanistan-further-attacks-joe-biden|access-date=August 28, 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Nick|date=August 27, 2021|title=Democrats distance themselves from Joe Biden as anger mounts in wake of Kabul bombings|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/27/democrats-distance-joe-biden-anger-mounts-wake-kabul-bombings/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/27/democrats-distance-joe-biden-anger-mounts-wake-kabul-bombings/ |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 28, 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Nick|date=August 26, 2021|title='Impeach Joe Biden': Republican fury grows over Afghanistan debacle|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/26/impeach-joe-biden-republican-fury-grows-afghanistan-debacle/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/26/impeach-joe-biden-republican-fury-grows-afghanistan-debacle/ |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 28, 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the Biden administration [[Afghan frozen assets|froze about $9 billion in assets]] belonging to the [[Da Afghanistan Bank|Afghan central bank]], blocking the Taliban from accessing these billions of dollars in [[Foreign exchange reserves|reserves]] held in U.S. bank accounts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taliban blames U.S. as 1 million Afghan kids face death by starvation |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-blames-us-as-1-million-kids-face-starvation/ |work=CBS News |date=October 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Jeff Stein|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/08/17/treasury-taliban-money-afghanistan/|title=Biden administration freezes billions of dollars in Afghan reserves, depriving Taliban of cash|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 17, 2021}}</ref>

In February 2022, Biden signed an executive order that seeks to unfreeze approximately $3.5 billion of Afghan assets in the U.S. for the purpose of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Naylor|first=Brian|date=February 11, 2022|title=Biden signs executive order to try to free up frozen Afghan assets for aid|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1080086260/biden-executive-order-frozen-afghan-assets|access-date=February 11, 2022}}</ref>

On July 31, 2022, [[Al-Qaida]] leader [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] was killed in Kabul by [[Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri|an American drone strike]] approved by Biden.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/us/politics/al-qaeda-strike-afghanistan.html |title=U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader |date=August 1, 2022 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |last3=Barnes |first3=Julian |last4=Schmitt |first4=Eric |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801215209/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/us/politics/al-qaeda-strike-afghanistan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Iran===
{{Main|Iran–United States relations during the Biden administration}}

Relations with Iran during the Biden administration centered on attempts to revive the 2015 nuclear agreement amid sanctions, cyberattacks, and proxy conflicts. U.S. officials sought a return to the [[JCPOA]],<ref name=blunder>{{cite news |title=Biden's First Foreign Policy Blunder Could Be on Iran |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-21/biden-s-first-foreign-policy-blunder-could-be-on-iran |work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |date=January 22, 2021}}</ref> but Vienna talks stalled,<ref name="1953-2023 timeline">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-iran-1953-2023 |title=1953 – 2023 U.S. Relations With Iran |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230003605/https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-iran-1953-2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name= stalling>{{cite web | title=The stalling of Vienna talks on Iran nuclear deal | url=https://finabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IF-24.06-3.pdf | access-date=April 23, 2025}}</ref> as [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran increased uranium enrichment]] and imposed retaliatory sanctions,<ref name="1953-2023 timeline"/><ref name=15sanct>{{cite news |title=Iran imposes sanctions on 15 U.S. officials as nuclear talks stall |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-imposes-sanctions-15-us-officials-nuclear-talks-stall-2022-04-09/ |access-date=April 9, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> while the U.S. imposed new sanctions over missile programs, oil exports, and human rights abuses.<ref name=Blinkdeal>{{cite news |title=Blinken: Nuclear deal the best way to cap Iran nuclear activity |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/27/blinken-says-nuclear-deal-best-way-to-cap-iran-nuclear-activity |access-date=March 27, 2022 |work=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] |agency=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] and News Agencies |publisher=[[Business Insider]] |date=March 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name= Moscsanct>{{cite news |title=U.S. says it imposes sanctions on Moscow-backed Iranian oil smuggling network |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-imposes-sanctions-money-laundering-network-aiding-irans-oil-revenue-2022-05-25/ |access-date=May 30, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref name=IranChina>{{cite news |title=U.S. pressures Iran by targeting Chinese, UAE companies|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-targets-chinese-emirati-firms-iran-petrochemical-sales-2022-06-16/ |access-date=June 19, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |date=June 16, 2022}}</ref>

Proxy attacks on U.S. bases continued,<ref name=Kataib>{{cite news |title=U.S. airstrikes target Iran-backed militias in Syria in Biden's 1st military action |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syria-us-airstrikes-iranian-militia-target/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=January 26, 2021}}</ref> intensifying after the Gaza war in late 2023,<ref name=proiran>{{Cite news |date=January 29, 2024 |title=Why pro-Iran militias are attacking U.S. troops in Iraq, Jordan, Syria |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/01/29/us-troops-jordan-iraq-militias/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref> and were met with American strikes.<ref name = 65milit>{{cite web | last=Mehvar | first=Ameneh | title=US strikes and counter-strikes in the Middle East (Updated 2/9/23) | website=ACLED | date=February 3, 2024 | url=https://acleddata.com/2024/02/03/acled-factsheet-us-strikes-and-counter-strikes-in-the-middle-east/ | access-date=April 30, 2025}}</ref> The period also saw disputes over the [[assassination of Qasem Soleimani]],<ref name="Motamedi">{{Cite web|last=Motamedi|first=Maziar|title=Iran sanctions more US officials over Soleimani assassination|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/8/iran-sanctions-more-us-officials-over-soleimani-assassination|access-date=January 21, 2022|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=avengeUS>{{cite news |title=Iran Guards commander says death of all US leaders would not avenge Soleimani killing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iranian-commander-says-death-all-american-leaders-would-not-avenge-soleimani-2022-04-13/ |access-date=April 17, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |date=April 13, 2022}}</ref><ref name=offercon>{{cite news |title=Iran refuses to abandon avenging Soleimani despite U.S. offers |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-has-rejected-us-offers-lift-sanctions-exchange-tehran-abandoning-soleimani-2022-04-21/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> and military escalations across the Gulf region.<ref name=ErbilUS>{{cite news |title=Iran attacks Iraq's Erbil with missiles in warning to U.S., allies |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/multiple-rockets-fall-erbil-northern-iraq-state-media-2022-03-12/ |access-date=March 13, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=March 13, 2022}}</ref><ref name=Iranseizes>{{cite news |title=Iran Seizes Commercial Tanker in Persian Gulf|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-seizes-commercial-tanker-in-persian-gulf-/7170938.html |publisher=Voa News}}</ref><ref name=1000US>{{cite web |title=Thousands of US troops arrive in Red Sea amid ratcheting Iran tensions |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/7/thousands-of-us-troops-arrive-in-red-sea-amid-ratcheting-iran-tensions |website=aljazeera}}</ref> In 2023, a breakthrough occurred with a U.S.–Iran prisoner swap and the release of frozen Iranian funds,<ref name= 6Bdeal>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4150808-mccaul-pans-6b-deal-to-free-us-citizens-in-iran/ |title=McCaul pans $6B deal to free US citizens in Iran |last=Nazzaro |first=Miranda |website=The Hill |location=Washington DC |date=August 13, 2023 |access-date=September 19, 2023}}</ref><ref name= humani>[https://apnews.com/article/us-iran-prisoners-blinken-3e834df0a845ef2cc5c52af14598c66f# „The US moves to advance a prisoner swap deal with Iran and release $6 billion in frozen funds"] AP News (September 12, 2023) accessed September 13, 2023.</ref><ref name = breakth>{{cite news | last=Hudson | first=John | title=U.S. and Iran trade prisoners, signaling partial thaw in relations | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=September 18, 2023 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/09/18/us-iran-prisoner-exchange/ | access-date=April 24, 2025}}</ref> though indirect diplomacy remained fragile.<ref name= EUhoped>{{cite news |title=U.S., Iran indirect nuclear talks in Doha end without progress |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/indirect-talks-between-iran-us-ended-without-result-tasnim-news-agency-2022-06-29/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]|agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> Later accusations of Iranian cyber interference in the 2024 U.S. election,<ref name= Iranhack>{{cite web |title=Trump election campaign accuses Iran of hacking attack |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/11/donald-trumps-campaign-accuses-iran-of-cyberattacks-amid-election-race |website=aljazeera}}</ref><ref name = Iranmail>{{cite news|title=US says Iran emailed stolen Trump campaign material to Biden camp|date=September 19, 2024 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-alleges-iran-tried-influence-election-with-messages-biden-camp-2024-09-18/|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=September 19, 2024}}</ref><ref name= AI3lines>{{cite news|title=Iran rejects allegation of interference in US election through AI3 lines|date=October 4, 2024|url=https://ifpnews.com/iran-interference-us-election-ai/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007074311/https://ifpnews.com/iran-interference-us-election-ai/|archive-date=October 7, 2024|access-date=October 7, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> along with alleged assassination plots in the U.S.,<ref name="KD">{{Cite web |last=Rabinowitz |first=Hannah |date=November 8, 2024 |title=DOJ announces charges in Iranian plot to kill Donald Trump |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/08/politics/doj-charges-three-iranian-plot-to-kill-donald-trump/index.html |access-date=January 5, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> further strained relations. By late 2024, relations remained tense and adversarial.

===Saudi Arabia and Yemen===
[[File:210706-D-XI929-1010 (51294433446).jpg|thumb|Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]] and Saudi Arabia's deputy minister of defense Prince [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Khalid bin Salman]], July 2021]]
[[File:President Joe Biden and Saudi Crown Prince July 2022.webp|thumb|President [[Joe Biden]] and Saudi crown prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]] bumps fist at Al-Salam Palace in [[Jeddah]], in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2370162#2370162 |title=Jeddah Security and Development Summit/ HRH Crown Prince receives President of United States of America The official Saudi Press Agency |publisher=Spa.gov.sa |date=July 15, 2022 |access-date=July 19, 2022}}</ref>]]

Biden ordered a halt in the [[2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal|arms sales to Saudi Arabia]] and the United Arab Emirates which the Trump administration had previously agreed to.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 28, 2021|title=Biden administration halts arms sales to UAE and Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/biden-administration-halts-arms-sales-to-uae-and-saudi-arabia/a-56365478|access-date=January 30, 2021|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Two years after [[Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi|Jamal Khashoggi's assassination]], Avril Haines, the [[Director of National Intelligence]] under Biden's administration, announced that the intelligence report into the case against the Saudi government would be declassified. It was reported that Crown Prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]] would be blamed for the murder, as was concluded by the [[CIA]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|date=January 19, 2021|title=Biden administration 'to declassify report' into Khashoggi murder|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/19/biden-administration-to-declassify-report-into-khashoggi|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=The Guardian|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>

On February 4, 2021, the Biden administration announced that the U.S. was ending [[U.S. support for Saudi-led operations in Yemen|its support]] for the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi-led bombing campaign]] in [[Yemen]]. President Biden in his first visit to the State Department as president said "this war has to end" and that the conflict has created "a humanitarian and strategic catastrophe".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-end-support-saudi-offenseive-yemen-b68f58493dbfc530b9fcfdb80a13098f |website=Associated Press |access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref> However, the details of the end of American involvement in the war have yet to be released as of April 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Emmons|first1=Alex|title=Months After Biden Promised to End Support for Yemen War, Congress Still Has No Details|url=https://theintercept.com/2021/04/07/biden-yemen-war-congress-end/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Intercept|date=April 7, 2021}}</ref>

In September 2021, Biden's national security adviser [[Jake Sullivan]] met in Saudi Arabia with Crown Prince Bin Salman to discuss the [[Price of oil|high oil prices]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Top White House aide discussed oil prices with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/white-house-said-top-aide-planned-discuss-oil-prices-with-saudi-arabia-2021-09-30/ |work=Reuters |date=October 1, 2021}}</ref> The [[2021 global energy crisis|record-high energy prices]] were driven by a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic recession caused by COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |title=Energy crunch: How high will oil prices climb? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/9/27/energy-crunch-how-high-will-oil-prices-climb |work=Al-Jazeera |date=September 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=OPEC-Plus in Driver's Seat As Global Energy Crisis Intensifies |url=https://www.naturalgasintel.com/opec-plus-in-drivers-seat-as-global-energy-crisis-intensifies/ |work=Natural Gas Intelligence |date=October 6, 2021}}</ref> The Biden administration was pressed on potential oil deals with Saudi Arabia, [[Venezuela]], and [[Iran]] that would have them increase their [[List of countries by oil production|oil production]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |last2=Bussewitz |first2=Cathy |title=Pariahs no more? US reaches out to oil states as prices rise |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-biden-business-europe-saudi-arabia-f30cd495adf6a7c58b269d508f3007b2 |work=Associated Press |date=March 10, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mohammed bin Salman Has Leverage on Biden—and Is Using It |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/24/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-ukraine-oil-biden-opec/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=March 24, 2022}}</ref> However, so far, Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] have declined requests from the US.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lonas |first=Lexi |title=Saudi, UAE leaders declined calls with Biden amid Ukraine conflict: report |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/597436-saudi-uae-leaders-declined-calls-with-biden-amid-ukraine-conflict |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=March 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=White House stops asking Saudi Arabia to pump more oil to offset Biden's Russian-energy ban, report says, as US-Gulf relations hit new low |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/white-house-stops-asking-saudi-arabia-pump-more-oil-russia-report-2022-4 |work=Business Insider |date=April 20, 2022}}</ref>

As a presidential candidate, Joe Biden had vowed to make the Saudis "pay the price" and make them a "pariah" state, citing the Kingdom's involvement in the [[assassination of Jamal Khashoggi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/us/politics/biden-jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html|title=Candidate Biden Called Saudi Arabia a 'Pariah.' He Now Has to Deal With It.|access-date=February 24, 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref> But, in June 2022, the White House confirmed that Biden was to visit Saudi Arabia and meet Crown Prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]], during his [[Middle East]] trip in July.<ref name=F24-15-06-2022>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/diplomacy/20220615-biden-to-visit-saudi-arabia-on-july-trip-to-middle-east-white-house-confirms|title=Biden to visit Saudi Arabia on July trip to Middle East, White House confirms|access-date=June 15, 2022|website=France 24|date=June 15, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/19/politics/joe-biden-mohammed-bin-salman-meeting/index.html|title=White House says Biden's meeting with Saudi officials next month will 'include' crown prince|access-date=June 19, 2022|website=CNN|date=June 19, 2022 }}</ref> The announcement came after [[2021-2022 inflation surge#North America|inflation in the US rose to a 40-year high]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/key-inflation-report-highest-level-in-four-decades-c0248c5b5705cd1523d3dab3771983b4|title=US inflation at new 40-year high as price increases spread|access-date=June 10, 2022|website=Associated Press|date=June 10, 2022 }}</ref> The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)|Russian invasion of Ukraine]] also had an impact on the oil and gas prices in the US. Biden repeatedly appealed to the Saudis to increase oil production, but the Kingdom turned down such requests.<ref name=WP-03-06-2022>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/06/03/saudi-biden-mbs-khashoggi/|title=Saudi dissidents call Biden's planned visit to kingdom a betrayal |access-date=June 3, 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Biden's planned visit was seen as a move to seek Saudi assistance to ease the oil and gas prices at home.<ref name=F24-15-06-2022 /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/05/business/biden-oil-saudi-arabia.html|title=Biden Has 'Only Bad Options' for Bringing Down Oil Prices|access-date=June 5, 2022|website=The New York Times|date=June 5, 2022 |last1=Krauss |first1=Clifford }}</ref> However, [[human rights activists]] and Democratic lawmakers warned Biden that the visit could send signals to Saudi that their horrific human rights violations could be exempted.<ref name=F24-15-06-2022 /> Saudi [[dissidents]] living in the US said that as Saudi activists who were wronged by Prince Mohammed, they "feel betrayed by Biden".<ref name=WP-03-06-2022 /> Son of [[Saad Aljabri]], Khalid AlJabri said Biden's meeting with MbS would be "equivalent of a presidential pardon for murder".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/16/biden-saudi-arabia-visit-jamal-khashoggi|title=Biden Saudi visit is 'presidential pardon for murder', says ex-spy chief's son|access-date=June 16, 2022|website=The Guardian|date=June 16, 2022 }}</ref> Democratic representative [[Adam Schiff]] also criticized the visit saying, "I wouldn't go. I wouldn't shake his hand. This is someone who butchered an American resident, cut him up into pieces and in the most terrible and premeditated way."<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohammed |first=Arshad |date=June 5, 2022|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-should-not-visit-saudi-meet-crown-prince-democratic-rep-schiff-says-2022-06-05/|title=Biden should not visit Saudi, meet crown prince, Democratic Rep. Schiff says|access-date=June 5, 2022|website=Reuters}}</ref>

[[File:Secretary Blinken Meets with Foreign Ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council Member States - 53689212351.jpg|thumb|Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]] and foreign ministers of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] member states in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, April 19, 2024]]

On July 10, 2022, president Biden defended his trip to Saudi Arabia, saying humans rights were on his agenda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden defends decision to visit Saudi, says rights are on agenda |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/biden-defends-saudi-arabia-visit-khashoggi-yemen-crown-prince-mbs-rcna37481 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=NBC News |date=July 10, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In an [[op-ed]], he wrote that he aims to "reorient and not rupture relations with a country that's been a strategic partner for 80 years", and that Saudi Arabia has helped to restore unity among the six countries of [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] and has fully supported the truce in the context of the [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|Yemen war]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Opinion {{!}} Joe Biden: Why I'm going to Saudi Arabia |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/07/09/joe-biden-saudi-arabia-israel-visit/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

Ahead of Biden's visit to Saudi Arabia, reports revealed that the Biden administration could possibly lift a ban on sales of [[offensive weapons]] to Riyadh. However, U.S. national security adviser [[Jake Sullivan]] they were focused on a "real ceasefire", and on Saudi efforts to end the war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/exclusive-us-weighs-possible-resumption-offensive-arms-sales-saudis-sources-2022-07-11/|title=Exclusive: U.S. weighs resumption of offensive arms sales to Saudis, sources say|access-date=July 12, 2022|website=Reuters|date=July 11, 2022 |last1=Spetalnick |first1=Matt |last2=Yaakoubi |first2=Aziz El |last3=Stone |first3=Mike }}</ref> After the meeting with Saudi officials, Biden announced that the Kingdom committed to extend the [[Yemeni peace process|truce in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-15/us-says-saudis-commit-to-extending-yemen-truce|title=Biden Says Saudi Arabia Commits to Extending Yemen Truce|access-date=July 15, 2022|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=July 15, 2022 }}</ref> On August 2, 2022, the State Department approved the potential sale of 300 MIM-104E Guidance Enhanced Missile-Tactical Ballistic Missiles (GEM-T) for the [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot missile defense system]] to Saudi Arabia. It also approved support equipment, spares and technical support to the Arab nation. In addition, the State Department also approved the potential sale of 96 [[Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]] (THAAD) missile defense system interceptors and support equipment to the UAE.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-oks-potential-sale-thaad-system-missiles-uae-pentagon-2022-08-02/|title=U.S. to resupply Saudi and UAE missile defense systems|access-date=August 2, 2022|website=Reuters|date=August 2, 2022 |last1=Stone |first1=Mike }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2022/08/04/uae-and-saudi-arabia-seek-more-us-interceptor-missiles-amid-talk-of-middle-east-air-defense-alliance/?sh=31ee3f1f1aa8|title=UAE And Saudi Arabia Seek More U.S. Interceptor Missiles Amid Talk Of Middle East Air Defense Alliance|access-date=August 4, 2022|website=Forbes}}</ref> However, [[Human Rights Watch]] said the US should suspend sales of both offensive and defensive arms to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, which have used American weapons in unlawful airstrikes. HRW said a policy reversal by the US could lead to added rights violations in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/14/biden-should-not-renew-arms-sales-saudi-arabia|title=Biden Should Not Renew Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia|access-date=July 14, 2022|website=Human Rights Watch|date=July 14, 2022 }}</ref>

=== United Arab Emirates ===
[[File:Secretary Blinken Holds a Press Availability With Israeli Alternate Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and United Arab Emirates Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (51584207427).jpg|thumb|Secretary Blinken, Israeli foreign minister [[Yair Lapid]] and UAE foreign minister [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] on October 13, 2021]]

The U.S. authorities indicted [[Thomas J. Barrack Jr.]], an outside adviser to Donald Trump during and after the [[2016 United States presidential election]] campaign. They alleged he acted as an unregistered foreign lobbyist for the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Barrack was also accused of obstruction of justice by giving false statements to the investigators.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/thomas-barrack-trump-indicted.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/thomas-barrack-trump-indicted.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|title=Thomas Barrack, Trump Fund-Raiser, Is Indicted on Lobbying Charge|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2021|last1=Lafraniere|first1=Sharon|last2=Rashbaum|first2=William K.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Schecter |first1=Anna |last2=Blankstein |first2=Andrew |date=November 5, 2022 |title=Trump friend sought millions in UAE investments while lobbying for UAE |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/trump-friend-barrack-sought-millions-uae-investments-lobbying-uaes-beh-rcna29306 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> He was found not guilty on all charges in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vandevelde |first=Mark |date=November 4, 2022 |title=Trump ally Tom Barrack acquitted on charges of acting as a foreign agent |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c5a48348-fd7e-485a-9906-ffbb7d7bad51 }}</ref> The [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] also prosecuted some men for funneling more than $3.5 million to [[Hillary Clinton]] from [[George Nader (businessman)|George Nader]], the royal adviser of the UAE.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/california-ceo-and-seven-others-charged-multi-million-dollar-conduit-campaign-contribution|title=California CEO and Seven Others Charged in Multi-Million Dollar Conduit Campaign Contribution Case|access-date=December 3, 2019|website=The US Department of Justice|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>

While federal prosecutors accused the Emirates of interfering in American politics from both sides, the relations with the Arab nation during Biden's presidency didn't witness much of the expected changes. The UAE was seen escaping its blunder-filled history of relations with the US, despite Biden's repetitive criticism against the Emirates' [[human rights violations]] and its attempts of infiltrating the US politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/uae-election-biden_n_6111678ee4b0710ba2df0478|title='Who Are They Paying Secretly Now?': Signs Of UAE Meddling In U.S. Politics Go Ignored|access-date=August 10, 2021|website=HuffPost|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> Moreover, the Biden administration also permitted the arms sales of $23 billion to the UAE, which was initiated by Donald Trump and involved a transfer of sophisticated weaponry like the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35]] fighter jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/biden-united-arab-emirates-sale-trump_n_60761e0fe4b01654bb7754bb|title=Joe Biden Is Proceeding With Donald Trump's Biggest Arms Deal|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=HuffPost|date=April 13, 2021}}</ref> The US Justice Department did not charge any Emirati in the case. However, Barrack's indictment identified three UAE officials who were hosts at his reception in the Gulf nation after Trump's 2016 elections, and two others who were involved. Amongst the hosts was Abu Dhabi Crown Prince [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Mohamed bin Zayed]], the UAE's national security adviser [[Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan (national security advisor)|Tahnoun bin Zayed]] and director of the Emirati intelligence service, Ali Mohammed Hammad Al Shamsi. The fourth Emirati official was Abdullah Khalifa Al Ghafli, who "tasked" Barrack to push Emirati interests with America. Another official was [[Yousef Al Otaiba]], who asked to remain anonymous in discussions over private matters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-28/uae-royals-said-to-direct-tom-barrack-s-influence-campaign?sref=nAHOTXiV|title=UAE Royals Said to Direct Tom Barrack's Influence Campaign|access-date=September 28, 2021|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=September 28, 2021}}</ref>

On September 23, 2024, the UAE president Mohamed bin Zayed visited the White House to hold meetings with President Biden and Kamala Harris. It marked the first ever meeting of an Emirati President to Washington. Biden and Harris met Mohamed separately, focusing on future bilateral economic and technological relations. Prior to the meeting, Biden received a letter from the lawmakers to raise concerns with the UAE around its military support to the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) in Sudan. Appreciating Biden's efforts towards the [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|Sudan crisis]], the lawmakers stated that the Emirati actions could become an obstruction. They urged Biden to address the concerns to Mohammed and press the UAE to cease the support to RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 22, 2024 |title=U.S. lawmakers urge Biden to press UAE on Sudan conflict |language=en |work=Sudan Tribunal |url=https://sudantribune.com/article291233/ |access-date=September 29, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Congress of the United States|date=September 17, 2024 |url=https://jayapal.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Letter-to-Biden-on-UAE-Visit_FINAL.pdf |access-date=October 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kanno-Youngs |first1=Zolan |last2=Naar |first2=Ismaeel |title=Biden and Harris Meet With Emirati President in Washington |work=The New York Times |date=September 23, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/23/us/politics/biden-harris-united-arab-emirates.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001134916/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/23/us/politics/biden-harris-united-arab-emirates.html|archive-date=October 1, 2024 |access-date=October 3, 2024}}</ref>

===Israel===
[[File:Joe Biden visit to Israel, July 2022 (GPOZACH07 2).jpg|thumb|President Biden meets [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Yair Lapid]] and [[President of Israel|Israeli President]] [[Isaac Herzog]] on his visit to Israel, July 13, 2022.]]

Early on, the Biden administration addressed Trump's [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognition of Jerusalem as the Israeli capital]]. The White House confirmed that the [[Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem|U.S. Embassy]] would remain in [[Jerusalem]] and it would continue to be recognized as the capital. The administration also expressed support for the [[Abraham Accords]] while wanting to expand on them, although it shied away from using that name, instead referring to it simply as "the normalization process".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollcall.com/2021/02/09/white-house-confirms-biden-will-keep-embassy-in-jerusalem/|title=White House confirms Biden will keep embassy in Jerusalem|date=February 9, 2021|website=Roll Call}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/israel-sudan-normalization-biden-white-house-78f08a6c-1c64-445f-9db6-c04125da2e6b.html|title=Israel pushes White House ceremony to seal Sudan normalization deal|first=Barak|last=Ravid|website=Axios|date=March 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-administration-laying-groundwork-for-push-to-expand-abraham-accords/|title=Biden administration laying groundwork for push to expand Abraham Accords|first1=Ellen|last1=Knickmeyer|first2=Aya|last2=Batrawy|first3=Laurie|last3=Kellman|website=The Times of Israel |date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref>

On May 13, 2021, in the aftermath of the [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa mosque]] conflict, the Biden administration was accused of being indifferent towards the violent conflict between Israeli statehood and the Palestinian minority there. Critics on both sides identified the reaction by the White House as "lame and late".<ref>Gosh Bobby (May 13, 2021). [https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-05-13/israel-palestine-biden-s-response-to-the-crisis-is-late-and-lame "Biden's Response to the Israeli Crisis Is Late and Lame"]. ''Bloomberg (Opinion)''. Retrieved May 13, 2021.</ref>

On May 21, 2021, a ceasefire was brokered between [[Israel]] and [[Hamas]] after [[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|eleven days of clashes]]. According to Biden, the US will be playing a key role to rebuild damaged infrastructure in the Gaza alongside the [[Palestinian authority]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/17/power-up-biden-administration-approves-735-million-weapons-sale-israel-raising-red-flags-some-house-democrats/ "Israel-Hamas Cease-Fire Holds Despite Jerusalem Clashes"] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 21, 2021.</ref><ref>Alemany, Jacqueline (May 17, 2021). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/17/power-up-biden-administration-approves-735-million-weapons-sale-israel-raising-red-flags-some-house-democrats/ "Power Up: Biden administration approves $735 million weapons sale to Israel, raising red flags for some House Democrats"]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved May 21, 2021.</ref>

==== Gaza War ====
{{Further|Gaza war|United States support for Israel in the Gaza war}}
[[File:President Biden Delivers Remarks on the Terrorist Attacks in Israel - Oct 7, 2023.webm|thumb|President Biden delivers remarks on the Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel.]]
[[File:President Joe Biden meets with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.jpg|thumb|Biden and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], October 18, 2023]]

After [[October 7 attacks|the October 7 attack]] in Israel, Biden stated, "We stand with Israel" three days later and emphasized the US's role in potentially freeing American hostages in Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2023 |title='We stand with Israel': Biden vows U.S. support in face of 'pure, unadulterated evil' |url=https://news.yahoo.com/biden-deliver-remarks-israel-hamas-143351202.html |access-date=October 18, 2023 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref>

On October 14, Biden condemned the [[Killing of Wadea Al-Fayoume|murder of Wadea Al-Fayoume]], a six-year-old Muslim boy in Chicago, by the boy's landlord. The murder was an alleged hate crime inspired by the conflict. Biden said, "There is no place in America for hate against anyone."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Shardaa |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Plainfield landlord charged with hate crime in killing of 6-year-old Palestinian boy, stabbing of mom |website=[[MSN]] |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/plainfield-landlord-charged-with-hate-crime-in-killing-of-6-year-old-palestinian-boy-stabbing-of-mom/ar-AA1igf8h}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Kane |first=Caitlin |title=Biden condemns murder of 6-year-old Muslim boy |website=[[MSN]] |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/biden-condemns-murder-of-6-year-old-muslim-boy/ar-AA1iirUI}}</ref>

During a speech at the [[Human Rights Campaign]] Dinner on October 15, a protestor chanted "let Gaza live" and "ceasefire now" to which Biden responded that he could not hear the protestor, but then later said "I get it. I'm not sure that's a good thing. No, I'm only joking."<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=President Biden and the First Lady Deliver Remarks at the 2023 Human Rights Campaign National Dinner | date=October 14, 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNOQYRR1AaI |access-date=October 18, 2023 |language=en |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sainato |first=Michael |date=October 15, 2023 |title=Biden interrupted by pro-Palestine activist at human rights dinner |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/15/biden-pro-palestine-activist-keynote-speech |access-date=October 18, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Biden's trip to Jordan to meet [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]], [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]], and [[Mahmoud Abbas]] was "mutually" canceled on October 17 and indefinitely postponed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Kathryn |title=Biden's trip to Jordan to meet with Arab leaders canceled |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/bidens-trip-to-jordan-to-meet-with-arab-leaders-cancelled/ar-AA1iolSK |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Summit with Arab leaders in Jordan called off as President Biden heads to Israel |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/summit-with-arab-leaders-in-jordan-called-off-as-president-biden-heads-to-israel |access-date=October 18, 2023 |website=PBS NewsHour |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Jeremy Bowen: Joe Biden's search for a Middle East solution just got harder |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67148622 |access-date=October 18, 2023}}</ref>

President Biden traveled to [[Tel Aviv]], Israel on October 18 and met with Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], resulting in [[humanitarian aid]] being allowed into Gaza, including food, water, and medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/ |access-date=October 18, 2023 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> During the trip, Biden blamed the [[al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion]] on "an errant rocket fired by a terrorist group in Gaza," citing US intelligence reports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Biden to seek 'unprecedented' Israel aid package; pledges $100 million for humanitarian relief |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/biden-to-seek-unprecedented-israel-aid-package-pledges-100-million-for-humanitarian-relief/ar-AA1isaOI |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=U.S. Intelligence Shows Gaza Militants Behind Hospital Blast |website=[[MSN]] |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/u-s-intelligence-shows-gaza-militants-behind-hospital-blast/ar-AA1iqDrW?ocid=entnewsntp&cvid=f61b77f3545c449eb9f4887082de417e&ei=5}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=March 2026}} He also promised to ask congress for an "unprecedented support package for Israel's defense," potentially tied to a bill with support for Ukraine, Taiwan, and the [[Mexico–United States border|Southern Border]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Biden promises to request 'unprecedented support package for Israel's defense' from Congress |website=[[MSN]] |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/biden-promises-to-request-unprecedented-support-package-for-israel-s-defense-from-congress/ar-AA1irDHr}}</ref> Biden called on Congress to pass $14.3 billion in emergency [[Israel–United States military relations|military aid to Israel]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Demirjian |first2=Karoun |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Biden Requests $105 Billion Aid Package for Israel, Ukraine and Other Crises |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/20/us/politics/biden-aid-israel-ukraine-taiwan-border.html }}</ref> Israel already receives $3.8 billion a year in military aid.<ref>{{cite news |title=US House passes $14.5bn military aid package for Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/us-house-passes-14-5bn-military-aid-package-for-israel |work=Al Jazeera |date=November 3, 2023}}</ref> Biden also announced that the US would send $100 million in humanitarian aid to Gaza and the West Bank.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garrity |first=Kelly |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Biden announces $100 million in humanitarian aid to Gaza and West Bank |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/biden-announces-100-million-in-humanitarian-aid-to-gaza-and-west-bank/ar-AA1irY7F |website=Politico}}</ref>

On November 1, after Jessica Rosenberg, a [[rabbi]] and activist from [[Jewish Voice for Peace]], heckled Biden during a speech in [[Northfield, Minnesota]] calling for a ceasefire, Biden said, "I think we need a pause. A pause means give time to get the prisoners out."<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2023 |title=Heckler pushes Israel-Hamas ceasefire, Biden says: 'we need a pause' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/heckler-pushes-israel-hamas-ceasefire-biden-says-we-need-a-pause/ar-AA1jg5d5 |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Aleks |date=November 2, 2023 |title=Who Is Jessica Rosenberg? Rabbi Who Heckled Joe Biden |website=[[MSN]] |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/who-is-jessica-rosenberg-rabbi-who-heckled-joe-biden/ar-AA1jgyfp}}</ref>

Starting November 9, Biden negotiated four-hour pauses for civilians to flee every day after his push for three-day pauses failed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2023 |title=Biden gets four-hour battle pauses from Israel after pushing for three-day stoppages |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/biden-gets-four-hour-battle-pauses-from-israel-after-pushing-for-three-day-stoppages/ar-AA1jFHuG |website=Reuters}}</ref> Starting on November 23, Israel agreed to a [[2023 Gaza war ceasefire|four-day ceasefire]] for north of Gaza for six hours a day and a complete ceasefire south of Gaza in exchange for [[2023 Gaza war hostage crisis|hostages taken by Hamas]]. The deal was brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inside Joe Biden's 'excruciating' effort to secure Israeli hostage release |url=https://www.ft.com/content/754f1f0a-15d1-4d88-ba7e-d61e5717cfd8 |access-date=November 22, 2023 |newspaper=Financial Times|date=November 22, 2023 |last1=Politi |first1=James }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 22, 2023 |title=Israel–Hamas war: The hostage deal and ceasefire explained |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israelhamas-war-hostage-deal-ceasefire-gaza-2023-11-22/ |access-date=November 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldenberg |first=Tia |date=November 22, 2023 |title=Israel and Hamas have reached a deal on a cease-fire and hostages. What does it look like? |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/israel-and-hamas-have-reached-a-deal-on-a-cease-fire-and-hostages-what-does-it-look-like/ar-AA1klbTd |website=MSN |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Q. Brown, Jr., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, traveled to Tel Aviv, Israel and Amman, Jordan on 17 to 19 December 2023 - 22.jpg|thumb|Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]], Israeli Defense Minister [[Yoav Gallant]], Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman [[Charles Q. Brown Jr.]] and Israeli Chief of General Staff [[Herzi Halevi]] in Tel Aviv, Israel, December 18, 2023]]

[[Ian Bremmer]], an American political scientist, stated the Biden administration's position unconditionally supporting Israel had left him as isolated on the world stage as Russia's president [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Turak |first1=Natasha |title=Biden's support of Israel leaves him as isolated as Russia on the world stage, analyst says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/07/bidens-support-of-israel-leaves-him-as-isolated-as-russia-on-the-world-stage-analyst.html |website=CNBC |date=December 7, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023}}</ref> Biden has reportedly expressed frustration with Netanyahu's handling of the war, although this has not led to a major shift in American policy.<ref name="nbcnews_Feb">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2024 |title=Biden disparages Netanyahu in private but hasn't significantly changed U.S. policy toward Israel and Gaza |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/biden-disparages-netanyahu-private-hasnt-changed-us-policy-israel-rcna138282 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Lazer |date=February 14, 2024 |title=Biden reportedly fed up with Netanyahu, calling him 'asshole' over management of war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-reportedly-fed-up-with-netanyahu-calls-him-asshole-over-conduct-of-gaza-war/ |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref>

Congressional oversight on arms sales has been sidestepped by the Biden administration on two occasions in December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-administration-sidesteps-congress-arms-sale-israel-rcna131661 |date=December 30, 2023 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |title=Biden administration sidesteps Congress again for emergency arms sale to Israel |website=www.nbcnews.com}}</ref> Usually the [[Arms Export Control Act]] would require the [[State Department]], on behalf of the president, to provide [[U.S. Congress]] advance notification of government-to-government foreign military sales of defense equipment. But the secretary of state [[Antony Blinken]] certified the existence of an "emergency" and therefore the requirement was lifted twice which raised objections from lawmakers from the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/u-s-arms-sales-to-israel |title=Democrats Demand Blinken Explain Unapproved Arms Transfers to Israel |date=January 30, 2024 |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=www.commondreams.org}}</ref>

[[File:President Joe Biden walks alongside King Abdullah II.jpg|thumb|[[Abdullah II of Jordan]] and [[Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan|Crown Prince Hussein]] with President Biden in February 2024]]

In February 2024, the Biden administration warned the government of Israel against its announced advance against [[Rafah]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/live-updates-biden-warns-israel-attack-rafah-plan-107284509 |title=Biden warns Israel not to attack Rafah without plan to protect civilians |date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=abcnews.go.com}}</ref> and [[NBC news]] reported that Biden "has been venting his frustration in recent private conversations, some of them with campaign donors, over his inability to persuade Israel to change its military tactics in the Gaza Strip".<ref name="nbcnews_Feb"/> On February 16, 2024, the [[Wall Street Journal]] reported that the administration is pushing for a cease-fire deal but on the other hand is preparing another delivery of bombs and other weapons and that the administration has to notify "congressional committee leaders who would need to approve the transfer."<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Plans to Send Weapons to Israel Amid Biden Push for Cease-Fire Deal |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-s-plans-to-send-weapons-to-israel-amid-biden-push-for-cease-fire-deal-184e75bc |date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240217041511/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-s-plans-to-send-weapons-to-israel-amid-biden-push-for-cease-fire-deal-184e75bc |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.wsj.com}}</ref> On February 20, the U.S. government [[United Nations Security Council veto power|vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution]] demanding a cease-fire in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-un-security-council-votes-on-new-gaza-cease-fire-resolution-u-s-promises-to-veto |title=WATCH: U.S. casts lone veto against UN resolution calling for immediate cease-fire in Gaza |date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref>

After the [[Al-Rashid humanitarian aid incident|killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid]] on February 29, Biden expressed that the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewing |first=Giselle Ruhiyyih |date=March 2, 2024 |title=Gaza airdrop has begun, Biden says, but more needed |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/02/gaza-aid-airdrop-biden-00144563 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=Politico}}</ref> On March 3, US military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2024 |title=US military aircraft airdrop thousands of meals into Gaza in emergency humanitarian aid operation |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-airdrop-humanitarian-assistance-f8bc071193f89906abf21478bc70a084 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Some experts called the US airdrops performative and claimed they would do little to alleviate the [[Gaza Strip famine|food situation in Gaza]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Airdropping aid is inefficient — so why is the U.S. doing it in Gaza anyway? |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/03/06/1236019060/gaza-israel-airdrop-aid-humanitarian-united-states |work=[[NPR]] |date=March 6, 2024}}</ref> In July 2024, following Biden's decision not to seek re-election, Palestinian advocacy groups stated they believed that the war would define Biden's presidential legacy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harb |first1=Ali |title=Biden's legacy is Gaza genocide, Palestinian rights advocates say |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/22/bidens-legacy-is-gaza-genocide-palestinian-rights-advocates-say |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=August 3, 2024}}</ref>

[[File:United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken visits Israel in August 2024 - 18.jpg|thumb|Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu with US ambassador to Israel [[Jack Lew]] (left) and US Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]], August 19, 2024]]
[[File:P20241112AS-0331 (54137511983).jpg|thumb|President Biden and Israeli President [[Isaac Herzog]], November 12, 2024]]

On March 30, 2024, the Biden administration authorized $2.5 billion in weapons transfers to Israel.<ref>{{cite web |title=US approves bombs, jets for Israel amid threat of offensive in Gaza's Rafah |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/30/us-approves-bombs-jets-for-israel-amid-threat-of-offensive-in-gazas-rafah |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=April 6, 2024}}</ref> On April 24, 2024, Biden signed a [[Public Law 118-50|$95 billion security package]] which included around $17 billion in military aid for Israel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden signs aid package with $17B for Israel, $1B extra humanitarian aid for Gazans |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-signs-95-billion-war-aid-measure-with-relief-for-ukraine-israel-and-taiwan/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=April 24, 2024}}</ref> In June 2024, the United States officially signed a Letter of Offer and Acceptance, allowing Israel to [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement|purchase]] 25 additional [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|Lockheed Martin F-35]] stealth fighter jets for $3 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |title=Israel inks deal to buy 25 more F-35 fighter jets for $3 billion |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-inks-deal-to-buy-25-more-f-35-fighter-jets-for-3-billion/ |website=The Times of Israel |date=June 4, 2024}}</ref>

On July 10, 2024, the Biden administration resumed shipments of the [[Mark 82 bomb|500-pound bombs]] to Israel, which were halted in May over concerns about the [[Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)|humanitarian impact]] of Israel's use of them in [[Casualties of the Gaza war|killing Palestinians in Gaza]].<ref>{{cite news |title=US resumes sending shipments of 500-pound bombs to Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/11/us-resumes-sending-shipments-of-500-pound-bombs-to-israel |work=Al Jazeera |date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> On August 9, 2024, the Department of State said the United States would send Israel an additional $3.5 billion to spend on US-made weapons and military equipment.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to provide $3.5bn more in military aid to Israel amid war on Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/10/us-to-send-3-5bn-more-in-military-aid-to-israel-amid-war-on-gaza |work=Al Jazeera |date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> On August 13, 2024, the Department of State announced that the U.S. had approved a $20 billion weapons package sale to Israel, which included fighter jets and advanced air-to-air missiles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden administration approves $20 billion in weapons, aircraft sales to Israel |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-approves-20-billion-weapons-sales-israel-hamas-backs-out-cease-fire-talks/ |publisher=CBS News |date=August 14, 2024}}</ref>

On September 17, 2024, thousands of handheld [[pager]]s used by [[Hezbollah]] simultaneously [[2024 Lebanon pager explosions|exploded across Lebanon and Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Exploding pagers belonging to Hezbollah kill 8 and injure more than 2,700 in Lebanon |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/hezbollah-pagers-expolsion-lebanon-handheld-devices-rcna171457 |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The attack came just a day after the Biden administration's special envoy [[Amos Hochstein]] visited Israel and warned Benjamin Netanyahu against provoking a major [[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)|escalation]] in Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravid |first=Barak |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Israel didn't tell U.S. in advance about Hezbollah pager attack, officials said |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/09/17/hezbollah-pager-explosion-israel-didnt-tell-biden-administration |access-date=September 18, 2024 |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref>

On November 20, 2024, a UN Security Council draft resolution that demanded an immediate and unconditional ceasefire in the Gaza Strip was [[List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions|vetoed by the U.S.]] whereas all other members voted in favor. The draft resolution would have rejected "any effort to starve Palestinians" and demanded the facilitation of full, rapid, safe and unhindered entry of aid at scale to and throughout the Strip and its delivery to all those in need.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/11/1157216 |title=United States vetoes Gaza ceasefire resolution at Security Council |access-date=November 20, 2024 |website=news.un.org|date=November 20, 2024 }}</ref> On January 15, 2025, a [[January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire|ceasefire]] proposal backed by Biden was adopted just days before his leaving office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/15/statement-from-president-joe-biden-14/|title=Statement From President Biden: January 15, 2025|access-date=January 15, 2025|work=The White House|date=January 15, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/15/israel-hamas-ceasefire-hostage-deal-agreed-to-in-principle.html|title=Israel and Hamas agree to Gaza ceasefire, hostage deal |access-date=January 15, 2025 |work=NBC News |date=January 15, 2025}}</ref>

=== Palestine ===
[[File:P20220715AS-1244 (52325477560).jpg|thumb|Biden with Palestinian president [[Mahmoud Abbas]] at the Palestinian presidential palace in Bethlehem, [[West Bank]], July 15, 2022]]

During a July 2022 visit to Israel, Biden stressed the importance of keeping the [[Two-state solution|two-state vision]] alive. He met with [[Palestinian National Authority]] President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] and announced a new aid package to the Palestinians.<ref name="Eglash-2022">{{Cite web |last=Eglash |first=Ruth |date=July 21, 2022 |title='People love Joe Biden here,' Nides says of the president's reception in Israel |url=https://jewishinsider.com/2022/07/people-love-joe-biden-here-nides-says-of-the-presidents-reception-in-israel/ |access-date=July 25, 2022 |website=Jewish Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> During the administration of his predecessor Donald Trump, U.S. contributions to the [[UNRWA|United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees]] had been defunded.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amr |first=Hady |date=September 7, 2018 |title=In one move, Trump eliminated US funding for UNRWA and the US role as Mideast peacemaker |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/09/07/in-one-move-trump-eliminated-us-funding-for-unrwa-and-the-us-role-as-mideast-peacemaker/ |access-date=July 25, 2022 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> On the Israeli end, Prime Minister Yair Lapid reaffirmed his position on a two-state solution.<ref name="Eglash-2022" />

===Armenian genocide===
On April 24, 2021, the Biden administration declared that the Turkish killings of Armenians at the start of the 20th century were a [[genocide]]. He is the first U.S. president to ever officially recognize the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Katie|last2=Gall|first2=Carlotta|date=April 24, 2021|title=Breaking with Predecessors, Biden Declares Mass Killings of Armenians a Genocide|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/us/politics/armenia-genocide-joe-biden.html|access-date=April 24, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Russia===
[[File:Putin in Switzerland 2021 10.jpg|thumb|Biden and Russian president Vladimir Putin at the [[2021 Russia–United States summit]] in Geneva, Switzerland]]

On the day of Biden's inauguration, the [[Russian government]] urged the new U.S. administration to take a "more constructive" approach in talks over the extension of the 2010 [[New START]] treaty, the sole remaining agreement limiting the number of U.S. and Russian [[List of states with nuclear weapons|long-range nuclear warheads]].<ref>{{cite web|date=January 20, 2021|title=Russia Urges Biden to Be 'More Constructive' Over Arms Treaty |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/01/20/russia-urges-biden-to-be-more-constructive-over-arms-treaty-a72675 |website=[[The Moscow Times]]}}</ref> In Biden's first telephone call as president with [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]], on January 26, 2021, Biden and Putin agreed to extend the New START treaty (which was set to expire in February 2021) by an additional five years.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 27, 2021|title=Renewed US-Russia nuke pact won't fix emerging arms threats |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-nuclear-weapons-north-korea-vladimir-putin-41891565c23d7ff99f5c575080c7ed6a |access-date=January 28, 2021|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>

Biden and his administration condemned human rights violations by the Russian authorities, calling for the release of detained dissident and anti-corruption activist [[Alexei Navalny]], his wife, and the thousands of Russians who had [[2021 Russian protests|demonstrated in his support]]; the U.S. called for the unconditional release of Navalny and the protestors and a credible investigation into [[Poisoning of Alexei Navalny|Navalny's poisoning]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Larger|first1=Thibault|last2=Leonard|first2=Ben|date=January 23, 2021|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/23/alexei-navalny-protests-arrests-461606|title=U.S. condemns Russia's arrests of Navalny protesters|website=Politico|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chalfant|first=Morgan|date=February 4, 2021|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/537429-biden-condemns-jailing-of-navalny-in-russia|title=Biden condemns jailing of Navalny in Russia|newspaper=The Hill|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russian-opposition-leader-navalny-back-court-biden-ups-pressure-moscow-n1256833|title=Russian opposition leader Navalny back in court as Biden ups pressure on Moscow|agency=Reuters|date=February 5, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|via=NBC News}}</ref> On March 2, 2021, the U.S. and European Union imposed coordinated additional sanctions on Russian officials, as well as the [[Federal Security Service|FSB]] and [[GRU (G.U.)|GRU]], over Navalny's poisoning and imprisonment. The State Department also expanded existing sanctions from the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act that had been imposed after the poisoning of Skripal.<ref name=Hansler>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|author=Jennifer Hansler|title=Biden administration unveils raft of sanctions on Russia over Navalny poisoning and imprisonment|date=March 2, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/02/politics/biden-russia-sanctions-alexey-navalny/index.html|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref> The Biden administration also planned to impose sanctions against Russia because of the [[2020 United States federal government data breach|2020 SolarWinds cyberespionage campaign]], which compromised the computer systems of nine federal agencies.<ref name=PreparingtoSanction>{{cite news|last=Nakashim|first=Ellen|date=February 23, 2021|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/biden-russia-sanctions-solarwinds-hacks/2021/02/23/b77039d6-71fa-11eb-85fa-e0ccb3660358_story.html|title=Biden administration preparing to sanction Russia for SolarWinds hacks and the poisoning of an opposition leader|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> Biden's national security adviser [[Jake Sullivan]] said the response "will include a mix of tools seen and unseen, and it will not simply be sanctions."<ref name=PreparingtoSanction/><ref name=Hansler/>

The Biden administration's comprehensive review into Russian activities has included an examination of [[Russian bounty program|reports that the Russian government offered bounties]] to kill U.S. troops in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=De Luce|first1=Dan|last2=Lee|first2=Carol E.|last3=Mitchell|first3=Andrea|last4=Williams|first4=Abigail|date=March 2, 2021|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-eu-set-impose-sanctions-russia-n1259249|title=U.S., E.U. impose sanctions on Russia over Navalny's poisoning|agency=NBC News|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Seligman|first=Lara|date=March 1, 2021|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/01/tammy-duckworth-biden-russian-bounties-471931|title=Duckworth urges Biden admin to release intel on Russian bounties|website=Politico|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> The Biden administration said intelligence community has only "low to moderate" confidence in reports due to the fact that the bounty reports originated from "detainee reporting and because of the difficult operating environment in Afghanistan."<ref>{{cite news |title=Remember those Russian bounties for dead U.S. troops? Biden admin says the CIA intel is not conclusive |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/remember-those-russian-bounties-dead-u-s-troops-biden-admin-n1264215 |work=NBC News |date=April 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Intel officials have "low to moderate" confidence in reports of Russian bounties on U.S. troops |url=https://www.axios.com/intelligence-officials-low-moderate-confidence-russia-bounty-troops-b971724d-37f8-4eed-a003-95c86a82915d.html |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> Biden called Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] a "killer" in an ABC News interview, and said that Russia would pay a price for election meddling.<ref>{{cite news|title=Joe Biden brands Putin a 'killer', says he will pay for poll meddling|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/joe-biden-brands-putin-a-killer-says-he-will-pay-for-poll-meddling/articleshow/81560908.cms|access-date=March 18, 2021|website=The Times of India|date=March 18, 2021 }}</ref>

[[File:President Biden on 2022 Russia invasion.webm|thumb|President Biden delivers remarks on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.]]

On May 19, 2021, the Biden administration lifted [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act|CAATSA sanctions]] on the [[Nord Stream 2]] pipeline project between Russia and Germany. Despite Biden's personal opposition to the project, the U.S. State Department says that it concluded that it was in the "U.S. national interest" to waive the sanctions.<ref name="NordStream2">{{cite news|date=May 20, 2021|title=Nord Stream 2: Biden waives US sanctions on Russian pipeline|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57180674|access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> Russian deputy foreign minister [[Sergei Ryabkov]] welcomed the move as "a chance for a gradual transition toward the normalization of our bilateral ties."<ref name="NordStream2"/>

[[File:President Biden met with refugees from Ukraine in Warsaw.jpg|thumb|Biden visits [[2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis|Ukrainian refugees]] in Warsaw, Poland, March 2022.]]

On June 16, 2021, [[2021 Russia–United States summit|Biden met with Putin]] in [[Geneva]], Switzerland. The two presidents discussed a number of topics, including stable policy on climate change, nuclear proliferation, and cybersecurity. Russia's activities regarding [[Ukraine]], [[Alexei Navalny]], [[Belarus]], and nationals jailed in each other's countries. The summit was significantly shorter than expected, only lasting three and a half of the predicted five hours.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 16, 2021|title=Biden and Putin conclude high-stakes diplomacy at Geneva summit|access-date=July 5, 2021|work=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/16/putin-biden-summit-in-geneva-2021.html}}</ref> Putin praised Biden as a knowledgeable and shrewd negotiator the next day.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Isachenkov |first1=Vladimir |title=Putin praises summit result, calls Biden a tough negotiator |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-summits-d86605a1c60be7c9ca856028030b961b |work=Associated Press |date=June 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/17/politics/putin-biden-praise-professional/index.html|title=Putin praises Biden, calling him a 'professional' following Geneva summit|author=Nicole Gaouette and Zahra Ullah|website=CNN|date=June 17, 2021}}</ref>

In November 2021, Putin stated that an [[Enlargement of NATO|expansion of NATO's presence in Ukraine]], especially the deployment of any [[Ballistic missile|long-range missiles]] capable of striking Russian cities or [[United States national missile defense|missile defense systems]] similar to those in Romania and Poland, would be a "red line" issue for Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia will act if Nato countries cross Ukraine 'red lines', Putin says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/russia-will-act-if-nato-countries-cross-ukraine-red-lines-putin-says |work=The Guardian |date=November 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NATO Pushes Back Against Russian President Putin's 'Red Lines' Over Ukraine |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/43334/nato-pushes-back-against-russian-president-putins-red-lines-over-ukraine |work=The Drive |date=December 1, 2021}}</ref> In December 2021, Putin asked President Joe Biden for legal guarantees that NATO wouldn't expand eastward or put "weapons systems that threaten us in close vicinity to Russian territory."<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin Demands NATO Guarantees Not to Expand Eastward |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2021-12-01/russia-says-its-worried-about-ukrainian-military-buildup |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=December 1, 2021}}</ref> The U.S. and NATO have rejected Putin's demands.<ref>{{cite news |title=US will help to end Ukraine conflict with Russia, Biden tells Kyiv |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/12/10/president-joe-biden-speaks-to-ukraine-s-zelenskyy-on-donbas-nato |work=Euronews |date=December 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Is Russia preparing to invade Ukraine? And other questions |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589 |work=BBC News |date=December 10, 2021}}</ref>

On February 24, 2022, Biden condemned [[Russia's invasion of Ukraine]], saying Putin "chose this war" and calling him "the aggressor". He announced new sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=February 24, 2022 |title='Putin chose this war,' Biden says as he announces new sanctions – US politics as it happened |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2022/feb/24/biden-ukraine-us-russia-invasion-latest-news-g7-leaders-updates |access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref> On February 25, the White House announced the US would personally sanction Putin and foreign minister [[Sergey Lavrov]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Cathey |first=Libby |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Biden to order personal sanctions on Putin as Russian forces close in on Kyiv |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-order-personal-sanctions-putin-russian-forces-close/story?id=83111481 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> On February 28, the Biden administration announced sanctions against [[Central Bank of Russia|Russia's central bank]], prohibiting Americans from doing business with the bank and freezing the bank's assets.<ref>{{cite web |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=February 28, 2022 |title=Biden administration expands sanctions against Russia, cutting off U.S. transactions with central bank |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/28/biden-administration-expands-russia-sanctions-cuts-off-us-transactions-with-central-bank.html |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> On March 29, 2022, Biden appeared to heighten his condemnation concerning Putin made at the end of his NATO trip to Europe, stating that he makes "no apologies" for previously stating that "Putin cannot remain in power".<ref>"'I make no apologies': Biden stands by 'Putin cannot remain in power' remark." ''The Guardian''. Lauren Gambino. March 28, 2022. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/28/biden-vladimir-putin-power-russia-ukraine]</ref> On April 12, he called the war a "genocide".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pager |first=Tyler |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Biden calls Russia's war in Ukraine a 'genocide' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/12/biden-calls-russias-war-ukraine-genocide/ |access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref> Biden criticized the Kremlin for "idle comments" on the possible use of [[nuclear weapon]]s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's nuclear threats 'show desperation': Biden |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/954245-russia-s-nuclear-threats-show-desperation-biden |work=[[The News International]] |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=April 29, 2022}}</ref>

[[File:P20230219AS-0395 1 (52735093014).jpg|thumb|Biden with his National Security Adviser [[Jake Sullivan]], February 19, 2023]]

On April 28, Biden asked Congress for an additional $33 billion to assist Ukraine, including $20 billion to provide weapons to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=War in Ukraine: U.S. dramatically upgrades its aid package to Kyiv |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/29/war-in-ukraine-u-s-dramatically-upgrades-its-aid-package-to-kyiv_5981990_4.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=April 29, 2022}}</ref> On May 10, the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] passed legislation that would provide $40 billion in new aid to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=House approves $40B in Ukraine aid, beefing up Biden request |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-europe-0ac5c758d32dbea64c437b50e829bbb2 |work=Associated Press |date=May 11, 2022}}</ref> The ''New York Times'' reported that the United States provided real-time battlefield [[Targeting (warfare)|targeting]] [[Military intelligence|intelligence]] to Ukraine that helped Ukrainian forces kill Russian generals and sink the Russian warship ''[[Russian cruiser Moskva|Moskva]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden is furious about the leaks saying US intelligence helped Ukraine kill Russian generals and sink its warship, report says |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-furious-about-the-leaks-saying-us-intelligence-helped-ukraine-kill-russian-generals-and-sink-its-warship-report-says/articleshow/91468802.cms |work=Business Insider |date=May 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930194809/https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-furious-about-the-leaks-saying-us-intelligence-helped-ukraine-kill-russian-generals-and-sink-its-warship-report-says/articleshow/91468802.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Did US intelligence-sharing with Ukraine cross a line? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-intel-russia-war/a-61794064 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=May 14, 2022}}</ref> The Biden administration has pledged to help the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC) to prosecute Putin and others for war crimes committed during the invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. looks to assist war crimes prosecutions targeting Russian leaders |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/04/25/russia-ukraine-war-crimes-prosecutions/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Orentlicher |first1=Diane |title=The case for a Putin war crimes trial |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/russia-ukraine-war-updates-trickle-case-trying-vladimir-putin-war-crim-rcna27996 |work=NBC News |date=May 10, 2022}}</ref>

On September 27, 2022, White House press secretary [[Karine Jean-Pierre]] encouraged Russian men fleeing their home country to avoid being drafted to apply for [[asylum in the United States]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The White House told Russians to flee here instead of fighting Ukraine. Then the U.S. tried to deport them |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-08-17/russian-conscripts-asylum-biden-putin |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 17, 2023}}</ref> In early 2023, the Biden administration resumed deportations of Russians who [[Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine|had fled Russia]] because of [[2022 Russian mobilization|mobilization]] and [[Russian 2022 war censorship laws|political persecution]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden administration quietly resumes deportations to Russia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/18/biden-administration-russia-deportations |work=The Guardian |date=March 18, 2023}}</ref>

In January 2024, the Biden administration rejected Putin's proposal for a [[Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|ceasefire in Ukraine]]. Biden's National Security Advisor [[Jake Sullivan]] informed Putin's foreign policy adviser [[Yuri Ushakov]] that the United States would not discuss a ceasefire without Ukraine's participation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Putin's suggestion of Ukraine ceasefire rejected by United States, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putins-suggestion-ukraine-ceasefire-rejected-by-united-states-sources-say-2024-02-13/ |publisher=Reuters |date=February 13, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US rejects Putin's proposal to cease fire after meeting of mediators – Reuters |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/02/13/7441736/ |work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]] |date=February 13, 2024}}</ref>

On May 30, 2024, Biden gave Ukraine permission to [[Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine|strike targets inside Russia]] using American-supplied weapons.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden secretly gave Ukraine permission to strike inside Russia with US weapons |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/30/biden-ukraine-weapons-strike-russia-00160731 |work=Politico |date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> Biden said "They are authorized to be used in proximity to the border. We are not authorizing strikes 200 miles into Russia."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muir |first1=David |title=Exclusive: Pres. Joe Biden tells David Muir US weapons will not be used to strike Moscow, Kremlin |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4hF8V1FRKA |agency=YouTube |publisher=ABC News |date=June 6, 2024}}</ref> On August 9, 2024, a convoy of Russian troops in the [[Kursk Oblast]] of Russia was [[August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion|destroyed]] in a strike by U.S.-supplied [[M142 HIMARS|HIMARS]] rocket system in what Russian milbloggers described as one of the bloodiest attacks of the entire war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-fighting-continues-kursk-video-shows-burnt-out-russian-trucks-2024-08-09/|title=Russia reinforces Kursk region as video shows evidence of Ukrainian attack|first=Mark|last=Trevelyan|work=Reuters|date=August 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia sends reinforcements to retake Kursk |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/08/09/russian-drives-past-destruction-ukraine-missile-strike/ |work=The Telegraph |date=August 9, 2024}}</ref>

===Ukraine===
{{Further|Russian invasion of Ukraine|United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
[[File:P20230220AS-1884 (52777914370).jpg|thumb|Biden with Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] in Kyiv, Ukraine, February 20, 2023]]

In February 2022, amid [[Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|rising tensions]] between Ukraine and Russia, the Biden administration faced questions for its year-long failure to nominate an ambassador to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crowley |first=Michael |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Puzzle in Ukraine Crisis: Where's the U.S. Ambassador? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/11/us/politics/ukraine-ambassador-biden.html |access-date=February 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] instigated significant and substantial support to Ukraine during the Biden presidency including two dozen military aid packages to assist them against the invasion. On October 28, 2022 [[the Pentagon]] announced the 24th presidential drawdown of materiel worth $275 million; the security assistance has totaled $18.5 billion to Ukraine since January 2021.<ref name="stripes28Oct22">{{Cite web |first=Corey |last=Dickstein |website=Stars and Stripes |url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2022-10-28/ukraine-military-aid-russia-war-7842528.html |date=October 28, 2022 |title=US sends more military aid to Ukraine that includes ammunition, mines and satellite antennas}}</ref> The aid includes 500 Excalibur precision-guided 155mm artillery rounds, 2000 155mm remote anti-armor mine systems, more than 1,300 anti-armor weapons, more than 2.75 million rounds of small arms ammunition, more HIMARS rockets, 125 [[HMMWV|Humvees]], and four satellite communications antennas for Ukraine's [[command and control]] systems, as well as training for operation of the [[NASAMS]] units.{{efn|name=nasamsImminent|1=The first NASAMS is coming to Ukraine (October 17, 2022), now that NASAMS training is nearly complete.}} Two NASAMS units arrived in Ukraine on November 7, 2022.<ref name="stripes28Oct22" /><ref name="2nasams">{{cite news |first1=Mick |last1=Krever |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |first3=Maegan |last3=Vazquez |first4=Sam |last4=Fossum |location=Kyiv and Washington |newspaper=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-11-07-22/h_ad68c67c022998c226a3bb324044d02e |date=November 7, 2022 |title=New advanced air defenses systems have arrived in Ukraine |quote=The White House in October said it would expedite the delivery of two [National Advanced Surface to Air Missile] Systems.}}</ref>{{efn|name=nasams16Nov22|1=As of November 16, 2022, the NASAMS had a 100% kill rate against their targets.<ref name= tTritten >{{cite news |first=Travis |last=Tritten |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ukraine-edge-against-russia-winter-210825600.html |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Ukraine Has the Edge Against Russia as Winter Descends, US Defense Secretary Says |newspaper=[[Yahoo! News]] |agency=[[Military.com]]}}</ref><ref name= udcgNov22 >{{cite AV media |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m313YnbWU1U |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Pentagon gives update after missile hits Poland |quote=4 hour Ukraine Defense Contact Group, 7th meeting, with 50 nations 47:21}}</ref><ref>{{cite speech |url=https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3220910/secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-and-army-general-mark-a-milley-chairman/ |title=Transcript: Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Army General Mark A. Milley, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hold a Press Briefing Following Ukrainian Defense Contact Group Meeting |last1=Austin III |first1=Lloyd J. |author1-link=Lloyd Austin |last2=Milley |first2=Mark A. |author2-link=Mark Milley |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |date=November 16, 2022}}</ref>}}

On February 20, 2023, four days before the one-year anniversary of the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Biden [[2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine|visited]] Kyiv and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and [[First Lady of Ukraine]] [[Olena Zelenska]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2023 |title='This is a part of history': Kyiv citizens delighted by Joe Biden's surprise visit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/this-is-a-part-of-history-kyiv-citizens-delighted-by-joe-biden-surprise-visit |access-date=February 20, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> While there, Biden affirmed more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Child |first=David |title=Putin's war plans 'plain wrong', Biden says in Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123823/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses |archive-date=February 20, 2023 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> The trip was unannounced, and involved major security coordinations to ensure safety.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2023 |title=U.S. alerted Russia to Biden's Ukraine visit for "deconfliction purposes," White House says |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-ukraine-kyiv-visit-russia-deconfliction-white-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220163219/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-ukraine-kyiv-visit-russia-deconfliction-white-house/ |archive-date=February 20, 2023 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

In 2022, Congress approved more than $112 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested $61.4 billion more in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead.<ref>{{cite news |title=The White House is asking for almost $106 billion for Israel, Ukraine and the border |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/10/20/1206301577/biden-ukraine-israel-congress-funding-request |work=NPR |date=October 26, 2023}}</ref>

===Europe===
[[File:President Biden with E3+1 at G20 (51647795215).jpg|thumb|President Biden with European leaders at the [[2021 G20 Rome summit|G20 summit]] in Rome, Italy, October 30, 2021]]
[[File:President Joe Biden poses for a family photo at a “European Quad” leaders meeting (54076655988).jpg|thumb|President Biden with European leaders in Berlin, Germany, October 18, 2024]]
[[File:President Joe Biden with French President Emmanuel Macron (cropped).jpg|alt=President Biden and French President Macron stand in front of a villa in Rome, where they met each other to discuss the nuclear deal between Australia, the US and the UK.|thumb|President Biden and French President Macron meeting in Rome, October 29, 2021]]
[[File:Joe Biden and Ursula von der Leyen at the March 2022 NATO or G7 special meeting.jpg|thumb|President Biden with [[President of the European Commission|European Commission President]] [[Ursula von der Leyen]] at a special meeting with [[NATO]] in [[Brussels]], Belgium, March 24, 2022]]
[[File:Joe Biden and Jens Stoltenberg on Day 1 of the 2022 Madrid Summit.jpg|thumb|President Biden with [[NATO Secretary General]] [[Jens Stoltenberg]] at the [[2022 Madrid summit|2022 NATO Summit]] in [[Madrid]], Spain, June 29, 2022]]

President Biden promised to repair "strained" relationships with European allies in contrast to his predecessor Trump. "An attack on one is an attack on all. That is our unshakeable vow," Biden said, referring to [[Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty]] (the mutual defense clause).<ref>{{cite web|last=Macias|first=Amanda|date=February 19, 2021|title='An attack on one is an attack on all' – Biden backs NATO military alliance in sharp contrast to Trump|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/19/munich-security-conference-biden-backs-nato-in-sharp-contrast-to-trump.html|access-date=March 3, 2021|website=CNBC}}</ref> Biden pledged support for the European project and for Ukraine's sovereignty as well as the need for global cooperation on fighting the pandemic and climate change.<ref>{{cite web|last=Conradis|first=Brandon|date=February 19, 2021|title=Biden warns European allies that 'democratic progress is under assault'|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/539584-biden-warns-european-allies-that-democratic-progress-is-under-assault|website=The Hill|access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref>

[[France–United States relations|U.S. relations with France]] deteriorated in September 2021 due to fallout from the [[AUKUS]] security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, which aimed to counter Chinese power in the [[Indo-Pacific]] region. As part of the agreement, the U.S. agreed to provide [[nuclear-powered submarine]]s to Australia. After entering into the agreement, the Australian government canceled an agreement that it had made with France for the [[Attack-class submarine|provision of French conventionally powered submarines]]. The deal angered the French government, which recalled its ambassador to the U.S. ([[Philippe Étienne]]) as well as the ambassador to Australia. Amid the diplomatic row, the French Foreign Ministry contended that it had been subjected to "duplicity, disdain and lies"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/france-recalls-ambassadors-to-us-australia-over-submarine-deal/ar-AAOyNcL|title=France recalls ambassadors to US, Australia over submarine deal|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/19/explainer-why-is-a-submarine-deal-sparking-a-diplomatic-crisis|title=Explainer: Why is a submarine deal sparking a diplomatic crisis?|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> and French foreign minister [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] called the deal a "stab in the back".<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 16, 2021|title=Aukus: UK, US and Australia launch pact to counter China|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-58564837}}</ref> In a conciliatory call a few days later, Biden and French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] agreed to reduce bilateral tensions, and the White House acknowledged the crisis could have been averted if there had been open consultations between allies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210922-macron-biden-agree-to-soothe-tensions-after-submarine-row|title=Macron, Biden agree to soothe tensions after submarine row|date=September 22, 2021|website=France 24}}</ref> A month later, Biden met Macron, telling him his administration was "clumsy" and that he was "under the impression that France had been informed long before" that France's deal with Australia was "not going through".<ref>{{cite web|last=Vazquez|first=Maegan|date=October 29, 2021|title=Biden tells French President the US was 'clumsy' in handling nuclear submarine deal|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/29/politics/macron-biden-meeting-rome/index.html|access-date=November 5, 2021|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>

In July 2024, the Biden administration announced its intention to deploy [[Ballistic missiles|long-range missiles]] in [[Germany]] beginning in 2026. In response, Russian president Putin warned of a [[Second Cold War|Cold War]]-style missile crisis and threatened to deploy long-range missiles within striking distance of the West.<ref>{{cite news |title=A new arms race in Europe? US long-range weapons in Germany |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-arms-race-in-europe-us-long-range-weapons-in-germany/a-69648733 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=July 13, 2024}}</ref><ref name="guardian-missiles"/> US weapons in Germany would include [[RIM-174 Standard ERAM|SM-6]] and [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] cruise missiles and [[Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon|hypersonic weapons]].<ref name="guardian-missiles"/> The United States' decision to deploy long-range missiles in Germany has been compared to the deployment of [[Pershing II]] launchers in Western Europe in 1979.<ref name="aljazeera-cold war">{{cite news |title=Russia says US missiles in Germany signal return of Cold War |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/11/russia-says-us-missiles-in-germany-signal-return-of-cold-war |work=Al Jazeera |date=July 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name="guardian-missiles">{{cite news |title=Putin warns US against deploying long-range missiles in Germany |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/28/putin-warns-us-against-deploying-long-range-missiles-in-germany |work=The Guardian |date=July 28, 2024}}</ref> Critics say the move would trigger a new [[arms race]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany split on US stationing long-range cruise missiles |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-split-on-us-stationing-long-range-cruise-missiles/a-69638145 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> According to Russian military analysts, it would be extremely difficult to distinguish between a conventionally armed missile and a missile carrying a nuclear warhead, and Russia could respond by deploying longer-range nuclear systems targeting Germany.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thanks to Putin, the U.S. will again place long-range missiles in Germany |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/4767369-thanks-to-putin-the-u-s-will-again-place-long-range-missiles-in-germany/ |work=The Hill |date=July 12, 2024}}</ref>

Biden has reiterated his commitment to maintaining peace in [[Northern Ireland]] by resisting the possibility of a hard border as a result of [[Brexit]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=Suzanne |last2=McClements |first2=Freya |last3=Clark |first3=Vivienne |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Biden 'unequivocal' about Belfast Agreement support as Dublin and London row over NI protocol |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/biden-unequivocal-about-belfast-agreement-support-as-dublin-and-london-row-over-ni-protocol-1.4500990 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=March 7, 2021}}</ref>

===Cuba===
The Biden administration has maintained the sanctions against [[Cuba]] that were issued by the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|first Trump administration]], despite one of Biden's campaign promises being to lift restrictions against the country.<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Grady|first=Mary Anastasia|date=September 6, 2021|title=Opinion {{!}} A Sanction Worth Lifting in Cuba|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/sanction-cuba-fishing-communists-protests-dollar-remittance-let-cubans-live-petition-emily-mendrala-biden-administration-11630938612|access-date=September 13, 2021 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|title=Over 100 Democrats urge Biden to engage with Cuba, lift restrictions|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/100-democrats-urge-biden-engage-cuba-lift-restrictions-rcna9072|access-date=January 19, 2022|website=NBC News|date=December 17, 2021|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2021, the Biden administration continued America's tradition of voting against an annual United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for an end to the [[United States embargo against Cuba|U.S. economic embargo against Cuba]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nichols|first=Michelle|date=June 23, 2021|title=U.S. again votes against U.N. call to end Cuba embargo|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/us-continues-vote-against-un-call-end-cuba-embargo-2021-06-23/|url-status=live|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=Reuters|archive-date=July 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717142627/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/us-continues-vote-against-un-call-end-cuba-embargo-2021-06-23/}}</ref> The resolution was adopted for the 29th time with 184 votes in favor, three abstentions, and two no votes: the U.S. and Israel.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 23, 2021|title=UN General Assembly calls for US to end Cuba embargo for 29th consecutive year|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/06/1094612|access-date=July 27, 2021 |website=UN News|language=en|archive-date=July 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714185126/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/06/1094612|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2021, protesters gathered in front of the White House and demonstrators called on President Joe Biden to take action in Cuba.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rouh|first=Alex J.|date=July 26, 2021|title=Protesters clash in front of White House over Cuba crisis, demand Biden increase pressure|url=https://www.newsweek.com/protesters-clash-front-white-house-over-cuba-crisis-demand-biden-increase-pressure-1613257|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=Newsweek|language=en|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727044008/https://www.newsweek.com/protesters-clash-front-white-house-over-cuba-crisis-demand-biden-increase-pressure-1613257|url-status=live}}</ref> The Biden administration sanctioned a key Cuban official and a government special forces unit known as the Boinas Negras for human rights abuses in the wake of historic protests on the island.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Kylie Atwood|author2=Patrick Oppmann|author3=Jennifer Hansler|date=July 22, 2021|title=Biden administration sanctions Cuban regime in wake of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/22/politics/biden-cuba-sanctions/index.html|access-date=July 27, 2021 |website=CNN|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727052135/https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/22/politics/biden-cuba-sanctions/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 22, 2021, directly before hosting a meeting with [[Cuban Americans|Cuban American]] leaders,<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. announces Cuba sanctions as Biden meets with Cuban American leaders |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/us-announces-cuba-sanctions-biden-meets-cuban-american-leaders-rcna1567|access-date=September 13, 2021 |website=NBC News|date=July 31, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> President Biden stated "I unequivocally condemn the mass detentions and sham trials that are unjustly sentencing to prison those who dared to speak out in an effort to intimidate and threaten the Cuban people into silence."<ref>{{cite web|date=July 22, 2021|title=Statement by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. on Continuing Crackdown in Cuba|url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/22/statement-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr-on-continuing-crackdown-in-cuba/|access-date=July 27, 2021 |website=The White House|language=en-US|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726233652/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/22/statement-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr-on-continuing-crackdown-in-cuba/|url-status=live}}</ref> President Biden has also ordered government specialists to develop ideas for the U.S. to unilaterally extend internet access on the island, and he has promised to enhance backing for Cuban dissidents.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Londoño |first1=Ernesto |last2=Robles |first2=Frances |date=August 9, 2021 |title=Biden Ramps Up Pressure on Cuba, Abandoning Obama's Approach |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/09/world/americas/cuba-government-biden-pressure.html |access-date=August 30, 2021 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830113640/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/09/world/americas/cuba-government-biden-pressure.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2021, Biden sanctioned three additional Cuban officials who were also reportedly involved in the suppression of anti-government protesters in Cuba.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. sanctions more Cuban officials; Mayorkas meets with Cuban Americans|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/us-sanctions-cuban-officials-mayorkas-meets-cuban-americans-rcna1722|access-date=September 13, 2021|website=NBC News|date=August 20, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2021, 114 Democratic House members signed a letter that urged President Biden to lift restrictions and sanctions against Cuba in order to make their access to food and medicine easier.<ref name=":20" />

In January 2022, Biden again sanctioned Cuba officials, this time placing travel restrictions on eight members of the Cuban government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biden administration slaps US travel bans on 8 Cuban officials|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/6/biden-administration-slaps-us-travel-ban-on-eight-cuban-officials|access-date=January 19, 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2022, the Biden administration lifted some of the sanctions, with policy changes such as expansion of flights to Cuba and resumption of a family reunification program. In January 2023, the Biden administration made changes to its immigration policy, to limit the amount of Cuban migrants entering the United States.

In the final week of his presidency, the Biden administration removed Cuba from the [[State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)|state sponsors of terrorism list]], in concert with a prisoner exchange, brokered by the Vatican.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smolinski |first=Paulina |date=January 14, 2025 |title=Biden to lift Cuba's designation as terror sponsor in exchange for release of prisoners - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-lifting-cuba-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-designation/ |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Africa===
[[File:President Biden welcomes Kenyan President Kenyatta to the White House this afternoon.jpg|thumb|President Biden meeting with [[President of Kenya|Kenyan President]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], October 14, 2021]]
[[File:President Joe Biden and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa shake hands in the Oval Office.jpg|thumb|President Biden meeting with [[President of South Africa|South African President]] [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], September 16, 2022]]

Biden hosted a three-day U.S.-Africa summit in Washington in December 2022, attended by 49 African national leaders.<ref name=AllInAfrica>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63982818 US-Africa summit: Joe Biden says US is 'all in' on Africa's future], BBC News (December 15, 2022).</ref> The meeting was the first such summit since 2014.<ref name=AllInAfrica/><ref name=Walsh>Declan Walsh, [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/world/africa/biden-african-leaders-summit.html Biden Courts African Leaders, but Some Are Skeptical of Big Promises], ''The New York Times'' (December 15, 2022).</ref> The leaders of every [[Member states of the African Union|African nation in good standing]] with the [[African Union]] (AU), except [[Eritrea]], were invited to the summit.<ref name=Walsh/> The leaders of African nations not in good standing with the AU (mostly those who had come to power through [[Coup d'état|military coups]]) were also not invited.<ref name=Walsh/>

At the summit, Biden announced U.S. support for the AU joining the [[G20]] group of major economies, a long-sought goal for Africa.<ref>Jeff Mason, Daphne Psaledakis and Andrea Shalal, [https://www.reuters.com/world/us-provide-165-million-support-elections-governance-africa-2022-12-15/ Biden announces U.S. support for African Union joining G20], Reuters (December 15, 2022).</ref> The summit was part of a broader effort by the U.S. to rebuild U.S.-African relations and counter Chinese influence on the continent.<ref name=AllInAfrica/> During the summit, the administration announced $800 million in new deals with [[Cisco Systems]] and Cybastion to combat cyberthreats targeting Africa, a bid to blunt the dominance of the Chinese firm [[Huawei]] in Africa.<ref name=Revitalize>Peter Baker and Declan Walsh, [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/14/us/politics/biden-us-africa-summit.html Biden Aims to Inject New Energy Into U.S. Relations With African Nations], ''New York Times'' (December 14, 2022).</ref> The administration also signed a memorandum of understanding in support of the [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] to reduce [[trade barrier]]s in Africa,<ref name=Revitalize/> and committed $55 billion to Africa over the next three years, focused on preexisting U.S. initiatives,<ref name=Revitalize/><ref name=AllInAfrica/> such as the trade-focused Prosper Africa and [[Africa Growth and Opportunity Act]], as well as the [[Power Africa]] initiative, which aims to increase connections of Africans to the [[electric grid]].<ref name=AllInAfrica/> The administration also emphasized initiatives in technology and cybersecurity, health, [[clean energy]] and the environment, and other areas.<ref name=Revitalize/><ref name=Walsh/> Biden committed an additional $2 billion for emergency humanitarian aid and $11 billion for [[food security]] programs in Africa.<ref name=Walsh/> The administration also expanded ties with [[West Africa]], including support for infrastructure improvements at the [[Benin]] seaport of [[Cotonou]], a key part of the West African economy.<ref name=AllInAfrica/><ref>[https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-with-beninese-president-patrice-talon-and-nigerien-president-mohamed-bazoum-at-the-regional-compact-signing/ Secretary Antony J. Blinken with Beninese President Patrice Talon and Nigerien President Mohamed Bazoum at the Regional Compact Signing], U.S. Department of State (December 14, 2022).</ref> Biden appointed a longtime U.S. diplomat, [[Johnnie Carson]], to coordinate implementation of U.S. actions following up the summit.<ref name=Gardner>Akayla Gardner, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-14/biden-to-meet-six-african-leaders-in-push-for-free-elections Biden Meets With African Leaders to Encourage Fair Elections], Bloomberg (December 14, 2022).</ref>

During the 2022 summit, Biden and senior administration officials also met privately with six African leaders facing elections in 2023, pushing them to ensure [[free and fair elections]] in their nations.<ref name=Gardner/>

Senator [[Bob Menendez]], the Democratic chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, has criticized the Biden administration for hesitating to impose [[United States sanctions|sanctions]] on the governments of [[Sudan]] and [[Ethiopia]], where many atrocities and [[War crimes in the Tigray War|war crimes]] were committed in the [[Tigray War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Team Biden Balks on Africa Sanctions |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/20/us-africa-sanctions-human-rights-biden-ethiopia-sudan/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=October 20, 2022}}</ref>

=== Americans detained abroad ===
[[File:President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris greet journalist Alsu Kurmasheva at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, Thursday, August 1, 2024, after her release in a prisoner swap with Russia.jpg|thumb|President Biden and Vice President Harris greet [[Russian Americans|Russian American]] journalist [[Alsu Kurmasheva]] on August 1, 2024, after her release in a [[2024 Ankara prisoner exchange|prisoner swap with Russia]].]]

In July 2022, President Biden signed an executive order aimed at deterring the wrongful detention of Americans abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2022|last1=Crawford|first1=Shannon K.|last2=Gittleson|first2=Ben|last3=Winsor|first3=Morgan |title=Biden signs executive order on Americans held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-sign-executive-order-americans-held-hostage-wrongfully/story?id=87050103 |access-date=July 29, 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> According to an estimate by The James W. Foley Legacy Foundation, there are at least 67 [[List of American people imprisoned abroad|U.S. citizens who are currently imprisoned abroad]]. The foundation further estimates that 90% of those are wrongly detained by foreign governments hostile to the U.S., including [[Venezuela]], [[Russia]], [[China]], [[Iran]], and others.<ref name="Guarino-2022">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2022|last=Guarino|first=Mark |title=Americans detained abroad as families plead for Biden to help |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/families-us-citizens-held-abroad-call-biden-administration/story?id=87452688 |access-date=July 29, 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Dozens of families of Americans who are detained abroad say President Biden has failed to adequately address the crisis.<ref name="Guarino-2022" /> They formed a group called "[[Bring Our Families Home]] Campaign" to pressure Biden to do more.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Breslow |first=Jason |date=July 29, 2022 |title=The families of Americans who are wrongfully detained are very much done being quiet |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/29/1114225672/brittney-griner-americans-wrongfully-detained-bring-our-families-home-campaign |access-date=July 29, 2022}}</ref>

In September 2023, President Biden reached a deal to release five prisoners held by Iran. In exchange, $6 billion of frozen Iranian assets were released.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |last2=Janjua |first2=Haroon |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Five Americans head home in $6bn US-Iran prisoner swap deal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/18/five-americans-fly-out-of-iran-in-6bn-oil-money-prisoner-swap |access-date=August 1, 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The U.S. said the unfrozen money would be held in restricted accounts so that it could only be spent on humanitarian goods such as food and medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Five Americans detained in Iran walk free, released in deal for frozen Iranian assets |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-prisoner-swap-sanctions-assets-4e1fa477f8e6af45fb764acd259c2f1a |access-date=August 1, 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2024, President Biden [[2024 Russian prisoner exchange|reached a deal]] to secure the largest [[prisoner exchange]] since the [[Cold War]].<ref name="Washington Post-2024">{{Cite news |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Inside the deal that led to a blockbuster prisoner swap between U.S., Russia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/08/01/deal-us-russia-prisoner-swap/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en |quote=The months of complex negotiations, near misses and high-stakes diplomacy that resulted in the largest prisoner exchange since the Cold War and freedom for a Wall Street Journal reporter.}}</ref> The exchange included the release of Americans [[Evan Gershkovich]], [[Paul Whelan]], and [[Alsu Kurmasheva]]; thirteen others from Russia and Belarus; and Russians held by the U.S., Slovenia, Norway, Poland, and Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Elise |last2=Powell |first2=Tori B. |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Americans Gershkovich and Whelan back in US after historic prisoner swap with Russia |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/gershkovich-whelan-russia-prisoner-swap-08-02-24/index.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Turkey and Estonia were also involved in the deal.<ref name="Washington Post-2024" /> Biden stressed the importance of alliances on the world stage by describing the achievement as "a powerful example of why it's vital to have friends in this world."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herb |first=Jeremy |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Biden celebrates prisoner deal and importance of allies in key moment for his legacy {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/01/politics/biden-prisoner-swap/index.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

===Worldwide LGBT rights===
On February 4, 2021, Biden issued a presidential memorandum for expanding protection of [[LGBT community|LGBT]] rights worldwide, which includes the possibility to impose financial sanctions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alper|first1=Alexandra|last2=Shalal|first2=Andrea|date=February 5, 2021|title=Biden calls for expanded efforts to protect LGBTQ rights globally|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-lgbt-idUSKBN2A42KF|work=Reuters|access-date=February 21, 2021}}</ref>

The [[United States Department of State|US State Department]] released a statement on [[Intersex Awareness Day]] promoting LGBTQI+ rights around the globe, saying, "[[Intersex]] persons often face stigma and discrimination in accessing education, healthcare, and legal recognition, and are subjected to medically unnecessary [[Intersex medical interventions|surgeries]]. These harmful practices, which can cause lifelong negative physical and emotional consequences, are a medical form of so-called [[conversion therapy]] practices in that they seek to physically "convert" Intersex children into non-Intersex children."<ref>{{Cite web |title=On Intersex Awareness Day |url=https://www.state.gov/on-intersex-awareness-day-2/ |access-date=October 31, 2023 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}</ref>

Biden announced he would be removing [[Uganda]] from the [[African Growth and Opportunity Act]] trade deal<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2023 |title=US to remove Uganda and three other African countries from Agoa trade deal |url=https://news.yahoo.com/us-remove-uganda-three-other-075918682.html |access-date=October 31, 2023 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref> over the country's [[Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023|anti-LGBT bill]] that included the [[Capital punishment|death penalty]] for "aggravated homosexuality" and [[Life imprisonment|life-in-prison]] for identifying as LGBT.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343 |access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Uganda passes a law making it a crime to identify as LGBTQ |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/uganda-passes-bill-banning-identifying-lgbtq-2023-03-21/ |access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref>

==Investigations of Biden==
===Hur special counsel investigation===
{{Further|Joe Biden classified documents incident}}

Biden's attorneys informed the [[National Archives Administration]] in November 2022 that [[Classified information|classified]] documents from before Biden's presidency had been found at the [[Penn Biden Center]]. Days later Attorney General Garland tasked U.S. Attorney [[John R. Lausch Jr.]] with conducting an initial investigation.<ref name="whatweknow1" /><ref name="whatweknow2" /><ref name="CNN timeline" /> On January 5, 2023, Lausch advised Garland that the assignment of a [[special counsel]] was warranted.<ref name="whatweknow1">{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |date=January 16, 2023 |title=What we know about the Biden classified documents: A timeline of events |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/16/politics/biden-classified-docs-timeline/index.html}}</ref><ref name="whatweknow2">{{cite news |last=Shpigel |first=Ben |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Timeline of the Biden Documents Case: What We Know So Far |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114124700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html |archive-date=January 14, 2023}}</ref><ref name="CNN timeline">{{cite web |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Maureen |last2=Hammond |first2=Elise |last3=Meyer |first3=Matt |last4=Sangal |first4=Aditi |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Garland lays out timeline of investigation into Biden classified documents so far |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113030157/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |work=CNN}}</ref> On January 12, Garland announced that he was appointing a special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records",<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=Sarah N. |last2=Renshaw |first2=Jarrett |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Special counsel named to probe Biden's handling of documents |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/special-counsel-named-probe-bidens-handling-documents-2023-01-12/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112182715/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/special-counsel-named-probe-bidens-handling-documents-2023-01-12/ |archive-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live updates: Garland makes statement on Biden classified documents |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/index.html |access-date=January 12, 2023 |website=CNN |date=January 12, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112190717/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and appointed [[Robert K. Hur]] as special counsel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Garland Appoints Special Counsel to Handle Biden Documents Inquiry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/12/us/biden-classified-documents |work=The New York Times |date=January 12, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112190009/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/12/us/biden-classified-documents |url-status=live }}</ref> Hur released his report on February 8, 2024, stating that the "evidence does not establish Mr. Biden's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt".<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Biden won't be charged in classified docs case; special counsel cites instances of 'poor memory' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/special-counsel-says-evidence-biden-willfully-retained-disclosed-class-rcna96666 |access-date=February 29, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The report's final conclusion was that "no criminal charges are warranted in this matter" and that it would be "the same even if there was no policy against charging a sitting president".<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Pierre |last1=Thomas |first2=Alexander |last2=Mallin |first3=Lucien |last3=Bruggeman |first4=Katherine |last4=Faulders |title=Special counsel won't charge Biden in classified docs probe, despite evidence he 'willfully retained' materials |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/white-house-finishes-review-special-counsels-report-biden/story?id=107047339 |access-date=February 29, 2024 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>

===Congressional investigations===
{{See also|United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family|United States House Judiciary Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government|Efforts to impeach Joe Biden|Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden}}

On September 12, 2023, Speaker McCarthy acceded to the right wing of the House Republican Conference and announced the launch of an [[Impeachment inquiry in the United States|impeachment inquiry]] into Biden.<ref name="CNN0912a">{{cite web |last1=Zanona |first1=Melania |last2=Tablot |first2=Haley |last3=Fox |first3=Lauren |last4=Grayer |first4=Annie |title=McCarthy calls for formal impeachment inquiry into Biden amid pressure from conservatives |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/12/politics/biden-impeachment-house-gop/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=September 12, 2023 |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Cortellessa |first1=Eric |title=McCarthy Lacks the Votes For an Impeachment Inquiry. Trump's Allies Have a Plan to Get Them. |url=https://time.com/6311911/impeachment-biden-marjorie-greene-hunter/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 8, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Griffing |first1=Alex |title='He Doesn't Have Enough Votes': CNN's Manu Raju Explains Why McCarthy Backtracked on Impeachment Vote |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/he-doesnt-have-enough-votes-cnns-manu-raju-says-mccarthy-backtracked-on-impeachment-vote/ |publisher=[[Mediaite]] |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> McCarthy claimed that earlier findings of House investigations "paint a picture of [[Political corruption|corruption]]" involving Biden and his relatives.<ref name="AP1">{{cite web |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Farnoush |first2=Amiri |title=Speaker McCarthy directs the House to open an impeachment inquiry into President Biden |url=https://apnews.com/article/mccarthy-biden-impeachment-shutdown-house-republicans-b187202be8814f7acbdd6e2e937e23d4 |work=Associated Press News |access-date=September 12, 2023 |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> Prior investigations have failed to find evidence of wrongdoing by the president.{{Efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{cite news |last1=Broadwater |first1=Luke |title=House Republican Report Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by President Biden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/us/politics/hunter-biden-house-republicans-report.html |work=The New York Times |date=May 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Demirjian |first1=Karoun |title=Republicans Are Divided on Impeaching Biden as Panel Begins New Inquiry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/us/republicans-biden-inquiry.html |work=The New York Times |date=July 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How a fight over immunity unraveled Hunter Biden's plea deal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/08/17/hunter-biden-plea-deal/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 17, 2023|author1=Perry Stein|author2=Devlin Barrett|author3=Matt Viser}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Otten |first1=Tori |title=McCarthy Plans Biden Impeachment Inquiry—With No Evidence and Not Enough Votes |url=https://newrepublic.com/post/175504/mccarthy-biden-impeachment-inquiry-no-evidence-not-enough-votes |magazine=The New Republic |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref>}} The impeachment inquiry fizzled out by April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Grayer |first1=Annie |last2=Zanona |first2=Melanie |date=April 24, 2024 |title=How the House GOP's Biden impeachment effort fell apart |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/24/politics/house-gop-biden-impeachment-effort/index.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=CNN Politics |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

==Elections during the Biden presidency==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"
|+ Congressional party leaders
|-
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | Senate leaders
! colspan=2 | House leaders
|-
! Congress
! Year
! [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Majority]]
! [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Minority]]
! [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]]
! [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|Minority]]
|-
! {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[117th United States Congress|117th]]
! {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2021–2022
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| '''[[Chuck Schumer|Schumer]]'''{{efn|name=Schumer2021}}
| {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Mitch McConnell|McConnell]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| '''[[Nancy Pelosi|Pelosi]]'''
| {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Kevin McCarthy|McCarthy]]
|-
! rowspan=2|[[118th United States Congress|118th]]
! 2023
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| '''[[Chuck Schumer|Schumer]]'''
| {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Mitch McConnell|McConnell]]
| {{party shading/Republican}}| '''[[Kevin McCarthy|McCarthy]]'''
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Hakeem Jeffries|Jeffries]]
|-
! 2023–2024
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| '''[[Chuck Schumer|Schumer]]'''
| {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Mitch McConnell|McConnell]]
| {{party shading/Republican}}|
'''[[Mike Johnson|Johnson]]'''{{efn|name=Johnson2023|Kevin McCarthy was [[Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House|removed]] as Speaker of the House on October 3, 2023. [[Patrick McHenry]] acted as [[Speaker pro tempore of the United States House of Representatives#Speaker pro tempore|Speaker pro tempore]] from October 3, 2023, to October 25, 2023. Mike Johnson was [[October 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|elected]] to replace McCarthy as Speaker of the House on October 25, 2023.}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Hakeem Jeffries|Jeffries]]
|-
! {{party shading/Republican}}| [[119th United States Congress|119th]]{{efn|name=preInaug}}
! {{party shading/Republican}}| 2025
| {{party shading/Republican}}| '''[[John Thune|Thune]]'''
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Chuck Schumer|Schumer]]
| {{party shading/Republican}}| '''[[Mike Johnson|Johnson]]'''
| {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Hakeem Jeffries|Jeffries]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"
|+ [[Party divisions of United States Congresses|Democratic seats in Congress]]{{efn|name=Congress|Democratic seats at the start of each session of Congress. Independents caucusing with the Democratic Party (Senators [[Bernie Sanders]], [[Angus King]], [[Joe Manchin]], and [[Kyrsten Sinema]]) are counted as Democrats for the purposes of this table. Throughout Biden's presidency, there were a total of 100 Senate seats in 435 House seats, so a Democratic majority in the Senate required 50 seats (since Democratic vice president Kamala Harris could provide the tie-breaking vote), and a Democratic majority in the House required 218 seats (assuming no vacancies).}}
|-
! Congress
! Senate
! House
|-
! [[117th United States Congress|117th]]{{efn|name=preInaug|17 days of the 117th Congress (January 3, 2021 – January 19, 2021) took place under President Trump, with the Republicans also briefly have held a majority in the Senate until January 20, 2021, and 17 days of the 119th Congress (January 3, 2025 – January 19, 2025) took place during Biden's presidency.}}
| '''50'''{{efn|name=Schumer2021|After two runoff elections, of Democrats [[Jon Ossoff]] and [[Raphael Warnock]] in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], there were 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats (including 2 independents who caucus with the Democrats) in the Senate. Both Ossoff (Georgia's class 2 seat) and Warnock (Georgia's class 3 seat) were seated on January 20, 2021. With Democratic vice president [[Kamala Harris]] casting tie-breaking votes, the Democrats also have held a majority in the Senate from January 20, 2021.}}
| '''222'''
|-
! [[118th United States Congress|118th]]
| '''51'''
| 213
|-
! [[119th United States Congress|119th]]{{efn|name=preInaug}}
| 47
| 215
|}

===2022 midterm elections===
{{Main|2022 United States elections}}

Despite Biden's low approvals, a [[Wave elections in the United States|red wave]] did not occur during the 2022 mid-term elections as many had anticipated. Democrats expanded their [[2022 United States elections|narrow Senate majority]] while Republicans [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections|took control of the House]] by a far smaller margin than expected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paz |first=Christian |date=November 26, 2022 |title=The key swing group that stopped a Democratic disaster |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23471686/independent-voters-midterms-democrats-republicans-trump-abortion-economy |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> This was largely attributed to a backlash against [[United States Supreme Court|the Supreme Court's]] decision in ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |title=What we know (and don't know) about how abortion affected the midterms |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/25/1139040227/abortion-midterm-elections-2022-republicans-democrats-roe-dobbs |access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> as well as the [[Political extremism|perceived extremeness]] of certain Republican candidates in competitive races.

It was the first midterm election since [[1986 United States gubernatorial elections|1986]] in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since [[1934 United States elections|1934]] in which the president's party didn't lose any state legislative chambers or incumbent senators.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Enten |first=Harry |date=November 13, 2022 |title=How Joe Biden and the Democratic Party defied midterm history {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/politics/democrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house/index.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

Many [[pundits]] had failed to predict the Democrats' resilient performance; [[Simon Rosenberg]] was one exception.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narea |first=Nicole |date=November 27, 2022 |title=The guy who got the midterms right explains what the media got wrong |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/11/27/23475262/midterms-red-wave-democrats-election |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> Polls for the election cycle were the most accurate since [[1998 United States elections|1998]], though Republican-aligned pollsters such as the [[Trafalgar Group]] had a notable polling miss.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Benjamin |date=November 17, 2022 |title=The Pollster Who Predicted a Red Wave Explains Himself |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/11/trafalgar-groups-robert-cahaly-explains-his-polling-miss.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Intelligencer |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rakich|first=Nathaniel|title=The Polls Were Historically Accurate In 2022|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/2022-election-polling-accuracy/|website=FiveThirtyEight|date=March 10, 2023|access-date=March 13, 2023}}</ref>

The results drew praise from the Democratic Party,<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2022 |title='You did it!': Biden basks in midterms afterglow after beating expectations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/nov/20/joe-biden-midterms-democrats-presidency |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> and Biden celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Biden Celebrates Beating the Odds, but He Faces a New Challenge |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/biden-midterms-republicans.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Democratic overperformance in these elections are considered to have played a factor in the party's defeat in the 2024 elections, with its results misinterpreted as support for Biden's initial bid for re-election.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brownstein|first=Ronald|title=The Democrats' 2022 Error Message|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/11/democrats-2022-error-message/680661/|website=The Atlantic|date=November 14, 2024|access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Todd|first=Chuck|title=Chuck Todd: This Democratic defeat — and the rise of Trump 2.0 — was a decade in the making|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/chuck-todd-democratic-defeat-rise-trump-20-was-decade-making-rcna179175|website=NBC News|date=November 8, 2024|access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref>

===2024 elections and transition period===
====Initial re-election campaign and withdrawal====
{{Main|Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election}}

[[File:President Biden Addresses the Nation, July 24, 2024 (Video).webm|thumb|President Biden's announcement that he would not run for re-election]]

After speculation Biden would not seek re-election due to his advanced age and poor job approval,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|date=November 13, 2022|title=An Emboldened Biden Now Faces a Tough Choice About His Own Future|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/us/politics/biden-2024-election.html|access-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> Biden officially announced [[Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|his reelection campaign]] for the [[2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic nomination]] in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]] on April 25, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Zeke|date=April 25, 2023|title=Biden announces 2024 reelection bid: 'Let's finish this job'|language=en-US|work=AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-election-2024-president-democrats-trump-9c72115656855da89a41cac3f79aa65b|access-date=April 25, 2023}}</ref> [[U.S. Representative|Representative]] [[Dean Phillips]] ran against Biden in the primaries but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web |last1=John |first1=Arit |last2=McKend |first2=Eva |last3=Pellish |first3=Aaron |title=House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/26/politics/dean-phillips-presidential-campaign-launch/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=December 23, 2024 |date=October 27, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2024 |title=Dean Phillips ends presidential campaign and endorses Biden|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/dean-phillips-ends-presidential-campaign-rcna142091 |access-date=December 23, 2024 |publisher=NBC News |author1=Shabad, Rebecca |author2=Egwuonwu, Nnamdi}}</ref> Phillips campaigned as a younger alternative to Biden, who would be a stronger opponent to Trump.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Skelley |first1=Geoffrey |date=October 31, 2023 |title=The curious case of Dean Phillips's last-minute primary challenge |url=https://abcnews.go.com/538/curious-case-dean-phillipss-minute-primary-challenge/story?id=104482909 |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=ABC News |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Scott |last2=Vitali |first2=Ali |last3=Traylor |first3=Jake |date=October 27, 2023 |title='A head scratcher': Dems baffled by Dean Phillips' quixotic bid against Biden |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/-head-scratcher-dems-baffled-dean-phillips-quixotic-bid-biden-rcna122506 |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=NBC News |publisher=}}</ref> Biden became the presumptive Democratic party nominee on March 12, 2024, facing no effective challengers in the primaries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Stephen |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Trump and Biden clinch 2024 presidential nominations |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/03/12/1238033721/donald-trump-joe-biden-nomination-delegates |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref> Following what was widely viewed as a lackluster performance in the [[2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate|first presidential debate]] against presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump and numerous [[Age and health concerns of Joe Biden|age and health concerns]], Biden faced [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|repeated calls to suspend his candidacy]]. On July 21, 2024, Biden announced in a post on [[Twitter|X]] (formerly known as Twitter) that he was suspending his campaign. He stated that "while it has been my intention to seek re-election, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and to focus solely on fulfilling my duties as President for the remainder of my term", and immediately endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris to replace him in his place as the party's presidential nominee.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|date=July 21, 2024|title=Biden Drops Out of Race, Scrambling the Campaign for the White House|language=en-US|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/21/us/politics/biden-drops-out.html|access-date=July 21, 2024}}</ref>

====General election and transition period====
{{Main|2024 United States elections}}

{{Further|Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|2024 United States presidential election|Second presidential transition of Donald Trump}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege2024.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Republican [[Donald Trump]] defeated Democrat [[Kamala Harris]] in the 2024 presidential election.]]
[[File:P20241113CS-0503 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Outgoing president Joe Biden and President-elect [[Donald Trump]] in the [[Oval Office]] on November 13, 2024]]
[[File:President Biden Delivers his Farewell Address from the Oval Office.webm|thumb|President Biden's farewell address on January 15, 2025]]

Following the [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]] of his then-opponent and then-presumptive Republican nominee former president Donald Trump, Biden condemned the shooting and, in an [[United States Oval Office Address|Oval Office address]] the next day, spoke about the "need for to lower the temperature" of its political rhetoric.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2024 |title='We must stand together': Biden calls on Americans to stop viewing their political opponents as enemies |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/biden-oval-office-address-sunday-evening-trump-shooting-rcna161790 |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en |quote=President Joe Biden called on Americans to "lower the temperature" of political rhetoric in an address from the Oval Office on Sunday night, asking for more respectful discourse and civility in the wake of the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump.}}</ref>

Biden defended his record as president at the [[2024 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] and advocated for the election of Harris in one of the last speeches of his presidency.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Lemire|first1=Jonathan|last2=Stokols|first2=Eli|title=Biden got the lovefest he wanted. He just had to drop out first.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/20/biden-dnc-speech-democrats-00174920|date=August 20, 2024|access-date=August 20, 2024|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> The convention was largely portrayed as an honoring of his political legacy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shear|first=Michael|title=Biden Defends His Record and Endorses Harris: 'America, I Gave My Best to You'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/19/us/politics/biden-democratic-national-convention-speech.html|date=August 19, 2024|access-date=August 20, 2024|website=New York Times}}</ref> In the general election, Harris was defeated by Trump. Some Democrats attributed Harris' loss to Biden's unpopularity on issues such as the economy and his refusal to withdraw from the race sooner.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bose|first1=Nandita|last2=Renshaw|first2=Jarrett|last3=Borter|first3=Gabriella|title=After Harris' loss, angry Democrats blame her boss, Biden|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/after-harris-loss-angry-democrats-blame-her-boss-biden-2024-11-06/|website=Reuters|date=November 6, 2024|access-date=November 6, 2024}}</ref><ref name="legacyNeg1"/> In the concurrent [[2024 United States elections|congressional elections]], Republicans also retained a narrow majority in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and took control of the [[United States Senate|Senate]].

On January 15, 2025, Biden gave a [[Joe Biden's farewell address|farewell address]] in the [[Oval Office]] days before the [[second inauguration of Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Heuer |first1=Mike |last2=Coote |first2=Darryl |date=January 15, 2025 |title= Biden warns of growing threat of unchecked power in farewell address |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2025/01/15/biden-farewell-address/8721736988111 |access-date=January 16, 2025 |website=United Press International |language=en}}</ref>

==Approval ratings and image==
{{See also|2021 opinion polling on the Biden administration|l1=2021|2022 opinion polling on the Biden administration|l2=2022|2023 opinion polling on the Biden administration|l3=2023|2024–2025 opinion polling on the Biden administration}}

Very early in Biden's presidency, opinion polls found that Biden's approval ratings were steadier than Trump's, with an average approval rating of 55% and an average disapproval rate of 39%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Enten|first=Harry |date=February 21, 2021|title=Analysis: Biden's polling is steadier than Trump's |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/21/politics/biden-approval-poll-of-the-week/index.html|access-date=February 25, 2021|website=CNN}}</ref> Biden's early approval ratings have been more polarized than Trump's, with 98% of Democrats, 61% of independents and 11% of Republicans approving of Biden's presidency in February 2021, a party gap of 87%.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 4, 2021|title=Biden Begins Term With 57% Job Approval |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/329348/biden-begins-term-job-approval.aspx|access-date=February 25, 2021 |website=Gallup.com}}</ref> Around the end of his first hundred days in office, Biden's approval rating was higher than Trump's but was the third worst since the presidency of [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]]; only Trump and [[Gerald Ford]] scored lower.<ref>{{cite web|last=Politi |first=Daniel|date=April 25, 2021|title=Biden's 100-Day Approval Rating Is Better Than Trump's, but Third-Worst Since Truman|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/04/biden-100-day-approval-poll-trump.html |access-date=April 25, 2021 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bowden|first=John |date=April 25, 2021 |title=Biden approval rating stands at 52 percent after almost 100 days in office |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/550141-biden-approval-rating-stands-at-52-percent-after-almost-100-days-in|access-date=April 25, 2021|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>

After the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|fall of Kabul]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States#May to August 2021|the surge of COVID-19 cases]] due to the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] in July and August 2021, Biden's approval rating began to steadily decline, from a high of 52.7% approval on July 26, 2021, to 45.9% approval by September 3, 2021, according to FiveThirtyEight.<ref>{{cite web |last=Skelley|first=Geoffrey|date=August 27, 2021|title=Biden's Declining Approval Rating Is Not Just About Afghanistan |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/bidens-declining-approval-rating-is-not-just-about-afghanistan/|access-date=August 28, 2021 |website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Silver|first=Nate|authorlink=Nate Silver|date=January 28, 2021 |title=How Popular Is Joe Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128032510/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 28, 2021|access-date=September 6, 2021|website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]}}</ref> While the White House emphasized COVID-19 as causing his low approval rating,<ref>{{cite web |last=Miller|first=Zeke|date=November 27, 2021|title=Biden's White House blames COVID-19 as approval drops, inflation rises|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8407650/joe-biden-covid-19-polling-inflation/ |access-date=November 28, 2021|website=[[Global News]]}}</ref> [[inflation]], the [[2021 inflation surge|highest in nearly 40 years]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cox|first=Jeff|date=December 10, 2021 |title=Inflation surged 6.8% in November, even more than expected, to fastest rate since 1982 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/10/consumer-price-index-november-2021.html|access-date=December 26, 2021 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 11, 2021|title=What is driving US inflation to a 31-year high? The reasons and solutions are complicated|work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2021/11/11/inflation-rate-2021-causes/6385830001/ |access-date=November 28, 2021}}</ref> has also been described as a cause.<ref>{{cite web|last=Montanaro |first=Domenico |date=November 24, 2021|title=Biden hits a new low in the NPR/Marist poll as inflation concerns rise|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/11/24/1058739328/biden-hits-a-new-low-in-the-npr-marist-poll-as-inflation-concerns-rise|access-date=November 28, 2021|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Collinson|first=Stephen|date=November 11, 2021|title=Why inflation is a political nightmare for Biden |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/11/politics/president-joe-biden-inflation-politics/index.html |access-date=November 28, 2021|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Biden's lowest approval rating on record comes from a [[Quinnipiac University]] poll in July 2022, which showed just 31% of respondents approving of his performance as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/20/president-joe-biden-job-approval-rating-hits-new-low-in-public-poll.html |title=President Biden's job approval rating hits new low in public poll |work=[[CNBC]] |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=July 20, 2022 |access-date=July 21, 2022}}</ref>

By the one-year anniversary of Biden's presidency on January 20, 2022, [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] recorded the average approval rating for Biden's first year as 49%, which was the second-lowest first-year average approval rating for any American president since [[World War II]]; only Trump's first-year average of 38.4% was lower.<ref name="Hubbard">{{cite news|last=Hubbard|first=Kaia|date=January 19, 2022 |title=Biden's First-Year Approval Better Than Trump's, But More Polarized |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2022-01-19/bidens-first-year-approval-better-than-trumps-but-more-polarized|access-date=January 24, 2022|newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Schnell|first=Mychael|date=January 18, 2022|title=Gallup: Biden's first-year approval rating at 49 percent |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/590325-gallup-bidens-first-year-approval-rating-at-49-percent?rl=1|access-date=January 24, 2022|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> Gallup further noted that there was greater political polarization in Biden's approval ratings than any other first-year president in modern history, with 91% of Democrats supporting Biden while just 8% of Republicans supported him, resulting in a party gap of 83%. The only other year of any presidency that saw greater polarization was Trump's final year in office.<ref name="Hubbard"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Approval Ratings -- Joe Biden|date=February 5, 2021 |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/329384/presidential-approval-ratings-joe-biden.aspx|access-date=January 24, 2022|publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]}}</ref> The July 2022 Gallup survey saw Biden's sixth quarter approval rating of 40%, the lowest sixth quarter rating of any president in modern history dating back to [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight Eisenhower]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Ewan |date=August 1, 2022 |title=Joe Biden's latest approval rating lowest for any president |url=https://www.newsweek.com/joe-biden-approval-rating-gallup-poll-1729533 |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref> Until April 23, according to figures compiled by [[FiveThirtyEight]], Biden's approval rating stood at 42.3 percent, a slight improvement from the sub-40 percent level reached in the summer of 2022, but still well below the peak of 53 percent when he began his presidency in January 2021.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Carbonaro |first=Giulia |title=Joe Biden Could Become the Most Unpopular President To Be Re-Elected |url=https://www.newsweek.com/joe-biden-most-unpopular-president-re-elected-1796169 |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 24, 2023}}</ref>

An October 30, 2023, poll by the [[Arab American Institute]], support for Biden among [[Arab Americans]] dropped from 59% in 2020 to 17%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Erum |date=October 31, 2023 |title=Arab American backing for Biden sinks over 'rock-solid' Israel support |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/31/biden-polling-israel-hamas-war-arab-americans |access-date=October 31, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2023 |title=Arab Americans Special Poll: Domestic Implications of the Most Recent Outbreak of Violence in Palestine/Israel |url=https://www.aaiusa.org/library/arab-americans-special-poll-domestic-implications-of-the-most-recent-outbreak-of-violence-in-palestineisrael |access-date=October 31, 2023 |publisher=[[Arab American Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> The drop in support has been attributed to the administration's handling of the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Serhan |first=Yasmeen |date=October 31, 2023 |title=Biden's Gaza Stance Spurs Stunning Drop in Arab American Support |url=https://news.yahoo.com/biden-gaza-stance-spurs-stunning-152115214.html|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |via=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Perkins |first1=Tom |last2=Salam |first2=Erum |date=October 27, 2023 |title='How can I vote for Biden?' Arab Americans in Michigan 'betrayed' by Israel support |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/27/michigan-arab-american-voters-biden-israel |access-date=October 31, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

According to [[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]], in July 2024, Biden's approval rating dropped to 36%, the lowest of his presidency, prior to his decision to end his re-election campaign; his highest approval rating dated back to 57% in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2024 |title=Biden's Approval Rating Hit New Low Before Exit From Race|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/647633/biden-approval-rating-hit-new-low-exit-race.aspx|access-date=July 31, 2024 |publisher=[[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Biden Job Approval a Respectable 57% at 100 Days|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/348974/biden-job-approval-respectable-100-days.aspx|access-date=July 31, 2024 |publisher=[[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Media appearances ==
Biden was interviewed for several news outlets and appeared on several [[late-night talk show]]s throughout his presidency.

In December 2021, Biden appeared on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon]]'' where they discussed "his [[Build Back Better Plan]], the importance of his bipartisan friendship with the late [[Bob Dole|Sen. Bob Dole]], rejecting extremism and getting Americans vaccinated against COVID-19."<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=President Biden on the Importance of Bipartisanship & Vaccines, Rejecting Extremism in Trump's GOP | date=December 10, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5msrmQNtg4Y |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

In June 2022, Biden appeared on ''[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]]'' where he discussed "27 school shootings in America in 2022, why he believes nothing has been done so far about gun violence, an overwhelming amount of Americans supporting background checks, meeting with families after the [[Robb Elementary School shooting|tragic events in Uvalde, Texas]], the idea of passing an Executive Order, the strides made in regard to Climate Change, [[Joe Manchin]] & [[Kyrsten Sinema]]'s voting record, housing, food and gas prices being very high and what he intends to do about inflation, the negative impact that the pandemic has had on families and the need for mental health care, being optimistic about this generation of young people, changes in the press, his process for flushing documents down the toilets, what his intentions are if Roe v Wade does in fact get overturned, and his hopes for America."<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=President Joe Biden Visits Jimmy Kimmel Live | date=June 8, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEtPV-qvLe8 |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

In July 2022, comedian and host of [[The Late Late Show with James Corden|''The Late Late Show'']], [[James Corden]], visited the White House and spoke with Biden, Jen Psaki, and White House custodian staff. He also gave a fake [[press briefing]] in the [[James S. Brady Press Briefing Room]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=James Corden Pays The White House a Visit - #LateLateLondon | date=July 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZsZN9afTLI |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

Biden has also been interviewed by [[Drew Barrymore]], [[Jake Tapper]], [[Jonathan Capehart]], [[Yonit Levi]], [[George Stephanopoulos]], [[David Muir]], [[Scott Pelley]], [[Lester Holt]], and [[Norah O'Donnell]], for ''[[The Drew Barrymore Show]]'',<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Drew Barrymore Visits President Joe Biden & First Lady Dr. Jill Biden for Christmas |publisher=Drew Barrymore | date=December 19, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6OtSk4USw8 |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> [[CNN]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Watch the full exclusive interview with President Joe Biden |series=CNN Politics |date=October 12, 2022 |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2022/10/12/joe-biden-full-exclusive-interview-jake-tapper-tapperctn-sot-vpx.cnn |publisher=CNN |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref> [[MSNBC]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Interview: Jonathan Capehart Interviews Joe Biden on MSNBC – October 21, 2022 | date=October 24, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cziw7IXdP20 |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> [[Channel 12 (Israel)|Channel 12 in Israel]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Interview: Yonit Levi of Channel 12 in Israel Interviews Joe Biden in Washington – July 12, 2022 | date=July 18, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyzsO9ijeWI |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Interview: George Stephanopoulos of ABC News Interviews Joe Biden – August 18, 2021 | date=August 20, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIQg9q8KXCI |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biden tells ABC's David Muir 'yes' he'll run again, Trump rematch would 'increase the prospect' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-tells-abcs-david-muir-hell-run-trump/story?id=81901418 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> ''[[60 Minutes]]'',<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=President Joe Biden: The 2022 60 Minutes Interview | date=September 18, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1UC89H4Swc |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> [[NBC]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=NBC News Exclusive: One-On-One with President Biden | date=February 10, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D94yt3ditog |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> and [[CBS News]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Interview: Norah O'Donnell Interviews Joe Biden at The White House – February 5, 2021 | date=February 8, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHpImN2644U |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> as well as a solo interview by [[Heather Cox Richardson]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Historian Heather Cox Richardson interviews President Joe Biden February 25, 2022 | date=March 4, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6Ks3BnFymQ |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> and [[Brian Tyler Cohen]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=BRIAN TYLER COHEN INTERVIEWS PRESIDENT BIDEN | date=February 26, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KutIWGd2fk8 |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> Notably, Biden has not sat down with [[Fox News]], despite its popularity in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |last2=Egan |first2=Lauren |title=Will Biden sit down with Fox? |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/west-wing-playbook/2023/02/06/will-biden-sit-down-with-fox-00081310 |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=POLITICO |date=February 6, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

News outlets have criticized Biden for only doing a limited amount of interviews during his tenure. Biden participated in 23 interviews in his first 100 days, compared to 95 for Donald Trump, 187 for Barack Obama, 60 for [[George W. Bush]], 64 for [[Bill Clinton]], 70 for [[George H. W. Bush]], and 78 for [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2022 |title=Biden gives far fewer interviews than his predecessors – could his caution backfire? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/05/joe-biden-few-press-interviews-media-access |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Electoral history of Joe Biden]]
* [[Vice presidency of Joe Biden]]
* [[Political positions of Joe Biden]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |last=Foer |first=Franklin |year=2023 |title=The Last Politician: Inside Joe Biden's White House and the Struggle for America's Future |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Press |isbn=978-1-101-98114-6 |oclc=1395141546}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C32ZVF19/?asin=B0C32ZVF19&revisionId=f42595d0&format=2&depth=1 Excerpt].
* {{Cite book |last=Wayne |first=Stephen J. |year=2022 |title=The Biden Presidency: Politics, Policy, and Polarization |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-01007-6 |oclc=1306538369}} [https://www.amazon.com/Biden-Presidency-Politics-Policy-Polarization-ebook/dp/B0BDPPP8ZB/ Excerpt]; covers first 18 months.
* {{Cite book |last=Whipple |first=Chris |year=2023 |title=The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden's White House |location=New York |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-1-9821-0643-0 |oclc=1333841502}} [https://www.amazon.com/Fight-His-Life-Inside-Bidens/dp/1982106433/ Excerpt]; comprehensive history of first two years.

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://millercenter.org/president/biden Coverage of Joe Biden's presidency] at the [[Miller Center of Public Affairs]]

{{Joe Biden}}
{{Kamala Harris}}
{{Presidents of the United States}}
{{Democratic Party (United States)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Presidency of Biden, Joe}}
[[Category:Presidency of Joe Biden| ]]
[[Category:2020s in the United States]]
[[Category:2020s in American politics]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:2025 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Joe Biden]]
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[[Category:Presidencies of the United States|Biden, Joe]]

Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava

2026-03-27T14:34:05Z

Glorywebs: improved article

{{short description|2018 Telugu -language film directed by Trivikram Srinivas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava
| image = Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Trivikram Srinivas
| producer = [[S. Radha Krishna]]
| director = [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| starring = {{startplainlist}}
* [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]]
* [[Pooja Hegde]]
* [[Jagapathi Babu]]
{{endplainlist}}
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| cinematography = [[P. S. Vinod]]
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| studio = [[Haarika and Hassine Creations|Haarika & Hassine Creations]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|10|11|ref1=<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-expected-to-release-on-october-10/articleshow/64598018.cms |title='Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava' expected to release on October 10 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=18 August 2018 |archive-date=7 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007220156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-expected-to-release-on-october-10/articleshow/64598018.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| runtime = 162 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdeymdq |title=''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' (15) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=8 October 2018 |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624170112/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdeymdq |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}60 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Aravinda Sametha 3 day box office collection: Jr NTR-Trivikram film crosses Rs 100 crore mark worldwide |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravinda-sametha-3-day-box-office-collection-jr-ntr-trivikram-film-crosses-rs-100-crore-mark-783024 |website=[[IB Times]] |date=14 October 2018 |access-date=14 December 2018 |quote=Made on a budget of Rs 60+ crore |archive-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103015036/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravinda-sametha-3-day-box-office-collection-jr-ntr-trivikram-film-crosses-rs-100-crore-mark-783024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}190 crore<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jr NTR turns 42: From RRR to Temper: 5 of his biggest hits and where to watch them online |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/jr-ntr-turns-42-from-rrr-to-temper-5-of-his-biggest-hits-and-where-to-watch-them-online-659205.html |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=20 May 2025 |website=Indiatimes |language=en |access-date=3 June 2025 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava''''' ({{Translation|Veera Raghava along with Aravinda}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Trivikram Srinivas]].<ref name="Runtime"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Aravindha Sametha box office: Jr NTR's actioner collects Rs 60 crore on opening day – The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/aravindha-sametha-opening-day-box-office-jr-ntr-5398863/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014214056/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/aravindha-sametha-opening-day-box-office-jr-ntr-5398863/ |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> The film stars [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] alongside [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Naveen Chandra]], [[Eesha Rebba]] and [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]. [[S. Thaman]] composed the soundtrack, in his official 100th musical composition.

The film follows Veera Raghava Reddy, who returns from [[London]]. After a brutal attack that leaves his father dead, Raghava seeks to break the cycle of violence instead of avenging him. He leaves for [[Hyderabad]], where he meets Aravinda and her family, and is compelled to protect them. As his relationship with Aravinda grows, he attempts to end the generational [[blood feud]].

''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' was released theatrically on 11 October 2018 to positive reviews, with praise directed at the performances of N. T. Rama Rao Jr., Pooja Hegde and Jagapathi Babu, the emotional depth of the story, action choreography, Trivikram's writing and direction, and Thaman's soundtrack and background score. The film was a major commercial success, opening to ₹60 crore and grossing {{INR|190 crore}} worldwide, becoming the [[List of Telugu films of 2018#Box office collection|third highest-grossing Telugu film of 2018]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Jr NTR turns 42: From RRR to Temper: 5 of his biggest hits and where to watch them online |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/jr-ntr-turns-42-from-rrr-to-temper-5-of-his-biggest-hits-and-where-to-watch-them-online-659205.html |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN |quote=Aravinda Sametha grossed nearly Rs 190 crore on a budget of Rs 60 crore}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/aravindha-sametha-crosses-rs-100-cr-mark-at-box-office-beats-rangasthalam-bharat-ane-nenu/story-WYNt60q4PErt7h82pNhYBJ.html |title=Aravindha Sametha crosses Rs 100 cr mark at box office, beats Rangasthalam, Bharat Ane Nenu |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231123800/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/aravindha-sametha-crosses-rs-100-cr-mark-at-box-office-beats-rangasthalam-bharat-ane-nenu/story-WYNt60q4PErt7h82pNhYBJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jagapathi Babu won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award]] for his performance.

==Plot==

In [[Rayalaseema]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], a 30-year feud divides the villages of Kommaddi and Nallagudi, led by Narappa Reddy and Basi Reddy, respectively. The ongoing conflict has caused extensive suffering, especially for the families involved. The reason why this feud started is because 30 years ago Basi Reddy was playing cards with a villager from Kommaddi. When the villager won, Basi reddy refused to pay 5 rupees as part of the bet. The villager insulted him for being arrogant and Basi Reddy beheaded him as he got angry. Because of this, the feud started and both Basi Reddy and Narappa Reddy lost their fathers in this fight. 30 years later, Narappa Reddy eagerly anticipates the return of his son, Veera Raghava Reddy, who has been in [[London]] for the past 12 years for his studies. However, on their way home from the railway station, they are ambushed by Basi Reddy's men, resulting in the deaths of Narappa Reddy and his brother-in-law. Raghava survives the attack and retaliates by killing Basi Reddy's men and stabbing Basi Reddy in the neck, leaving him presumed dead.

Raghava returns home with his father's and uncle's bodies, leaving his family devastated. His grandmother, Jeji, and his henchman's wife, Nagamani, help him reconsider the cycle of violence, leading him to leave for [[Hyderabad]] in hopes that his absence will reduce hostilities between the villages. In Hyderabad, Raghava befriends Neelambari, a mechanic, and rescues Aravinda, the daughter of lawyer Saradhi, from goons who hold a grudge against her father. When Neelambari is arrested for unknowingly carrying Raghava’s gun, Raghava seeks Saradhi's help to secure his release. Saradhi agrees to help if Raghava will protect his daughters, Aravinda and Sunanda, from the threats against them. Raghava agrees and soon bonds with Aravinda's younger sister, though Aravinda initially keeps her distance.

In [[Mogalrajapuram]] Raghava Goes To PVP Mall And Goes To Lift To Food Court To Taco Bell For Fries & Churros, Chicken Roll
Meanwhile, Basi Reddy, who survived Raghava's earlier attack, convinces his son Bala Reddy to kill Raghava. During this time, Raghava shares a story inspired by his life with Aravinda's younger brother, Prateek, which is published in the school periodical. Basi Reddy's men, upon reading it, try to kidnap Prateek to lure Raghava out, but Raghava intervenes and stops the attempt without taking any lives. Realizing Basi Reddy is alive, Raghava is cautious yet determined to avoid further bloodshed. Bala Reddy, seeking revenge, kidnaps Aravinda and Prateek, but Raghava contacts Basi Reddy, threatening his son's life if his family members are not released. After ensuring their safety, Raghava decides to leave Hyderabad at Saradhi's request, but not before recounting his past to Aravinda and her family. Intrigued, Aravinda decides to create a documentary on the village factions and travels to Kommaddi, accompanied by Neelambari. In Kommaddi, she learns more about the conflict and grows closer to Raghava, confessing her feelings for him over the phone.

Raghava later attends a conference with Bala Reddy and influential ministers, attempting to broker a peace treaty between the villages. Although Bala Reddy initially resists, Raghava eventually convinces him. However, Basi Reddy, upon learning of the peace effort, kills his son in a rage. When one of Basi Reddy's henchmen identifies Aravinda as Raghava's love interest, Basi Reddy takes her and Neelambari hostage.

In a final showdown, Basi Reddy calls Raghava to a field, where he wounds Aravinda and Neelambari in a bid to provoke Raghava into a fight. Enraged, Raghava resists, reluctant to continue the cycle of violence. Basi Reddy then reveals that he killed Bala Reddy and framed Raghava, hoping to reignite the feud. Two of Basi Reddy's men, witnessing Raghava's restraint, realize Basi Reddy's ruthlessness and take Aravinda and Neelambari to a hospital. Left with no other option, Raghava kills Basi Reddy, setting the field ablaze to obscure the evidence.
Afterwards, Raghava confesses to Basi Reddy's widow, who agrees to end the cycle of violence by publicly claiming that Basi Reddy killed his son and then fled. She files a police report to corroborate her claim, and Raghava nominates her as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], which she accepts to bring peace to the villages.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] as Kommaddi Veera Raghava Reddy, Narappa Reddy’s son
* [[Pooja Hegde]] as Aravinda, Raghava’s love interest and documentary filmmaker
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as Basi Reddy, Raghava's enemy & Balreddy’s father
* [[Naveen Chandra]] as Bala Reddy, Basi Reddy's son
* [[Naga Babu]] as Kommaddi Narappa Reddy, Raghava's father
* [[Supriya Pathak]] as Jeji, Raghava's grandmother
* [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] as Suguna, Raghava's mother
* [[Easwari Rao]] as Basi Reddy's wife
* [[Eesha Rebba]] as Sunandha, Aravindha's younger sister
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Neelambari, Raghava's friend
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Krishna Reddy, Political incharge of Nallagudi
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Sudarshan Reddy, Political incharge of Kommaddi
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Saradhi, Aravindha's father
* [[Lakshmi Gopalaswamy]] as Aravindha's mother
* [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]] as Varalakshmi, Raghava's aunt
* [[Brahmaji]] as Marappa Reddy, Basi Reddy's father
* [[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Subba Reddy “Ontichethi Subbadu”, Basi Reddy's henchman
* [[Vinay Varma]] as Mahanandi Timma Reddy, Narapa Reddy's father and Raghava's grandfather
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Balu, Saradhi's assistant
* [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Oosanna Reddy, Narapa Reddy's henchman
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Lakshma Reddy, Basi Reddy's father
* [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Basi Reddy's henchman
* [[Hari Teja]] as Nagamani, Raghava's henchman's wife
* Master Charan Ram as Prateek, Aravindha's younger brother
* [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]]
* Pammi Sai as Sudarshan
* Narra Srinivas as Rami Reddy
* Rangadham as Oobaa Reddy
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Mechanic
{{colend}}

== Production ==
The discussion for this film began with [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], when Rao was shooting ''[[Nannaku Prematho]]'' in 2015 and finally materialised in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aravinda Sametha director Trivikram Srinivas on working with Jr. NTR and their long-standing relationship |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aravinda-sametha-director-trivikram-srinivas-on-working-with-jr-ntr-and-their-long-standing-relationship-5395111.html |website=Firstpost |date=17 October 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110040522/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aravinda-sametha-director-trivikram-srinivas-on-working-with-jr-ntr-and-their-long-standing-relationship-5395111.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pooja Hegde]] was selected to collaborate with Rao for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTR – Trivikram – NTR28 cast and crew |url=http://www.raagalahari.com/news/156240/ntr-pooja-hegde-cast-and-crew-details.aspx |website=www.raagalahari.com |date=5 March 2018 |language=en |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110040533/http://www.raagalahari.com/news/156240/ntr-pooja-hegde-cast-and-crew-details.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anirudh Ravichander]], who was initially signed on composing the music was replaced by [[S. Thaman]] after the failure of ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTR 28: Composer Anirudh Ravichander out of the film; SS Thaman most likely to replace as music director |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntr-28-composer-anirudh-ravichander-out-of-the-film-ss-thaman-most-likely-to-replace-as-music-director-4350683.html |website=Firstpost |date=14 February 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110081740/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntr-28-composer-anirudh-ravichander-out-of-the-film-ss-thaman-most-likely-to-replace-as-music-director-4350683.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Natarajan Subramaniam]] was signed as the cinematographer initially, but dropped out and [[P. S. Vinod]] stepped in.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/Jul/24/trivikram-bans-phones-on-the-sets-of-aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-7141.html|title=Trivikram bans phones on the sets of Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=24 July 2018|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

The shooting for the film began on 6 April 2018 with an action sequence in [[Ramoji Film City]] of [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jr NTR and Trivikram film starts rolling, shoot begins with action sequence. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jr-ntr-and-trivikram-film-starts-rolling-shoot-begins-with-action-sequence/story-5i6bHlX8a8UR6YZ3nDtf8O.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110080310/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jr-ntr-and-trivikram-film-starts-rolling-shoot-begins-with-action-sequence/story-5i6bHlX8a8UR6YZ3nDtf8O.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Filming also took place in [[Pollachi]] in June.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava' to be filmed in Pollachi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-to-be-filmed-in-pollachi/articleshow/64544025.cms |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619091206/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-to-be-filmed-in-pollachi/articleshow/64544025.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The shoot was completed in September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-09-29/Hectic-weeks-for-Aravinda-Sametha-team/415964|title=Hectic weeks for 'Aravinda Sametha' team|first=The Hans|last=India|date=29 September 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> Pooja Hegde dubbed her voice in Telugu for the first time in this film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pooja Hegde dubs for herself in 'Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/sep/11/pooja-hegde-dubs-for-herself-in-aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-1870244.html |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=The New Indian Express |date=11 September 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129062549/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/sep/11/pooja-hegde-dubs-for-herself-in-aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-1870244.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Themes ==
{{Quote box
|class = 
|title =
|quote = "In most of the films based on Rayalaseema factionalism, only the act of violence was glorified; however, none of those films focused on the aftermath of a war. Both Jr NTR and I became interested in starting our story with a bloody act of war to give the film a context and then explore how the protagonist shuns that path to bring peace. Later, when I came up with the idea of focusing on the lives of women and how families are torn apart due to such violence, it gave us a lot more depth to explore."

|author = Trivikram on why he chose such genre<ref name="fp" />
|source =
|align = right
|width = 50%}}

''Aravinda Sametha'' is based on the [[Political faction|factionalism]] present in the region of [[Rayalaseema]], a theme which was dominant in [[Telugu cinema]] during late 1990s and early 2000s.<ref name="fp">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2018 |title=From Samarasimha Reddy to Aravinda Sametha, how Telugu filmmakers have brought alive stories from Rayalaseema |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-samarasimha-reddy-to-aravinda-sametha-how-telugu-filmmakers-have-brought-alive-stories-from-rayalaseema-5419321.html |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=Firstpost |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301040533/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-samarasimha-reddy-to-aravinda-sametha-how-telugu-filmmakers-have-brought-alive-stories-from-rayalaseema-5419321.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack album of ''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' features four songs composed by [[S. Thaman]], with one song being added in the extended soundtrack of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-jukebox-will-have-four-songs/articleshow/65867964.cms |title=Jr NTR and Pooja Hegde's Aravindha Sametha jukebox will have four songs |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita |archive-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113111957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-jukebox-will-have-four-songs/articleshow/65867964.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was his official 100th musical composition.{{cn|date=August 2025}} The audio rights were of the film were purchased by [[Zee Music Company]]. Lyrics for the songs were written by [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], and [[Penchal Das]]. Initially, the makers planned to release the full audio album directly into the market, without hosting any audio launch event for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-jukebox-to-release-without-audio-launch/articleshow/65841642.cms |title=Jr NTR and Pooja Hegde's Aravindha Sametha jukebox to release without audio launch |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita |archive-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113111957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-jukebox-to-release-without-audio-launch/articleshow/65841642.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first single track titled "Anaganaganaga" was released on 15 September 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/anaganaganaga-from-jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-loved-by-fans/articleshow/65820998.cms |title='Anaganaganaga' from Jr NTR and Pooja Hegde's 'Aravindha Sametha' loved by fans! |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329092411/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/anaganaganaga-from-jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-loved-by-fans/articleshow/65820998.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 September 2018, the makers unveiled the second single track titled "[[Peniviti]]" sung by [[Kaala Bhairava]], which was termed as an intense, raw, rustic number.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-peniviti-lyrical-from-aravindha-sametha-rakes-in-more-than-2m-views/articleshow/65883042.cms |title=Jr NTR and Pooja Hegde's 'Peniviti' lyrical from 'Aravindha Sametha' rakes in more than 2M views |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita |archive-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113111957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-peniviti-lyrical-from-aravindha-sametha-rakes-in-more-than-2m-views/articleshow/65883042.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The lyrical video of Yeda Poyinadu was released on 25 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/penchal-das-on-singing-in-aravinda-sametha-and-his-unique-style-of-rendition/article25175905.ece|title=Penchal Das and his unique style of rendition of songs|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=10 October 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/telugu-songs/aravindha-sametha-yeda-poyinado-song-telugu-lyrics-by-veera-raghava/articleshow/65951613.cms|title=Yeda Poyinado Lyrics: గుండెల్ని పిండేస్తున్న 'ఏడ పోయినాడో'|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>

The tracklist was unveiled on 19 September 2018, and the complete soundtrack album was unveiled the following day, on 20 September 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ntrs-movie-aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-makers-announce-surprise-poster-780369 |title=The audio release date of NTR's movie Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava is out now |last=Kanoj |first=Priyanka |date=12 September 2018 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731104935/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ntrs-movie-aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-makers-announce-surprise-poster-780369 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
On 19 May 2018, the title of the film was revealed as ''Aravinda Sametha''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravindha-sametha-first-look-motion-poster-released-birthday-gift-jr-ntr-photosvideo-769634 |title=Aravindha Sametha first look, motion poster released as birthday gift for Jr NTR [Photos+Video] |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=20 May 2018 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731104948/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravindha-sametha-first-look-motion-poster-released-birthday-gift-jr-ntr-photosvideo-769634 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jr. NTR was featured in a chiseled avatar who worked out extensively with international trainer Lloyd Stevens for his new look for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jr-ntr-flaunts-a-chiseled-body-in-first-look-poster-of-aravindha-sametha-see-pic/story-zZOob6HNp3FQ6TrdD8Ks9K.html |title=Jr NTR flaunts a chiseled body in first look poster of Aravindha Sametha, see pic |date=19 May 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224054658/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jr-ntr-flaunts-a-chiseled-body-in-first-look-poster-of-aravindha-sametha-see-pic/story-zZOob6HNp3FQ6TrdD8Ks9K.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Also S. Thaman's background music in the motion poster was appreciated by fans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/ss-thamans-music-for-jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-motion-poster-appreciated-by-fans/articleshow/64255417.cms |title=SS Thaman's music for Jr. NTR and Pooja Hegde's 'Aravindha Sametha' motion poster appreciated by fans |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108192533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/ss-thamans-music-for-jr-ntr-and-pooja-hegdes-aravindha-sametha-motion-poster-appreciated-by-fans/articleshow/64255417.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The promotions of the film were commence on 10 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravindha-sametha-promotions-to-commence-on-monday/articleshow/65742663.cms |title=Aravindha Sametha promotions to commence on Monday |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2018 |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408045805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravindha-sametha-promotions-to-commence-on-monday/articleshow/65742663.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

A pre-release event was held on 2 October 2018, at [[Novotel|H.I.C.C. Novotel]] hotel in [[Hyderabad]], where the makers also launched the theatrical trailer of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/grand-pre-release-event-for-aravinda-sametha-on-october-2/articleshow/66024991.cms |title=Grand Pre-release Event for Aravinda Sametha on October 2 |website=The Times of India |date=October 2018 |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408074504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/grand-pre-release-event-for-aravinda-sametha-on-october-2/articleshow/66024991.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer received predominantly positive response from all corners.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-trailer-tollywood-all-praise-for-jr-ntr-starrer/articleshow/66050982.cms |title='Aravindha Sametha' trailer: Tollywood all praise for Jr NTR starrer |website=The Times of India |date=4 October 2018 |language=en |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816060047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aravinda-sametha-trailer-tollywood-all-praise-for-jr-ntr-starrer/articleshow/66050982.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' was released theatrically on 11 October 2018. The film was dubbed and released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Idhu Ennoda Jilla''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Annachi TV on Twitter: "Idhu Ennoda Jilla Tamil Dubbed Movie |url=https://twitter.com/AnnachiTv/status/1384862548349145090 |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318170248/https://twitter.com/AnnachiTv/status/1384862548349145090 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's Japanese [[Blu-ray]] was officially released on 3 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Aravindha-Sametha-Veera-Raghava-Blu-ray/353241/|title=Aravindha Sametha Veera Raghava Blu-ray (Japan)|website=Blu-ray Forum}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars stating, "An emotional drama camouflaged in a commercial exterior, here's a film that's courageous to stand apart from slapstick madness. Trivikram's treatment of this plot scores over his indulgence as Jr NTR delivers another fine performance".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/aravindha-sametha/movie-review/66160740.cms |title=ARAVINDHA SAMETHA MOVIE REVIEW. |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=6 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006163637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/aravindha-sametha/movie-review/66160740.cms |url-status=live }}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating, "Tarak plays his role with a notable maturity that is gained through many films over the course of 18 years. Aravindha is Pooja’s plum role that allows her to capitalize on her strengths."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/aravindha-sametha-movie-review-jr-ntr-pooja-hegde-5397440/|title=Aravindha Sametha movie review: Jr NTR shines in Trivikram Srinivas' film|date=12 October 2018|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Janani K ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating, "Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava is a commercial actioner backed by Trivikram's engaging script and Jr NTR's excellent performance. After the debacle of Pawan Kalyan-starrer Agnyaathavaasi, director Trivikram Srinivas has bounced back with Jr NTR's Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava" The review also praised Hegde, noting, "She has done a commendable job as a documentary filmmaker and a student of anthropology."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-movie-review-jr-ntr-trivikram-srinivas-pooja-hegde-1366494-2018-10-11 |title=Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava Movie Review. |website=[[India Today]] |date=11 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231123755/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-movie-review-jr-ntr-trivikram-srinivas-pooja-hegde-1366494-2018-10-11 |url-status=live }}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

''[[News18]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Jr NTR elevates tried-tested story of factionalism".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-movie-review-jr-ntr-elevates-tried-tested-story-of-factionalism-1907501.html |title=Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava Movie Review. |website=News18 |date=12 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231123755/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-movie-review-jr-ntr-elevates-tried-tested-story-of-factionalism-1907501.html |url-status=live }}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref> Priyanka Sundar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Jr NTR is the torchbearer of peace in a film on factionalism".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/aravindha-sametha-review-jr-ntr-is-the-torchbearer-of-peace-in-a-film-on-factionalism/story-YJRDsdiG64pje3JI6Mo7KI.html |title=Aravindha Sametha review. |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=22 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122110541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/aravindha-sametha-review-jr-ntr-is-the-torchbearer-of-peace-in-a-film-on-factionalism/story-YJRDsdiG64pje3JI6Mo7KI.html |url-status=live }}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Hemanth Kumar CR of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "Jr NTR captures the moral dilemma of Raghava quite spectacularly. Pooja Hegde makes a good impression with her role, and for a change, she becomes an intrinsic part of the narrative."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aravinda-sametha-movie-review-jr-ntr-trivikram-srinivas-come-together-to-deliver-a-riveting-action-drama-5359541.html|title=Aravinda Sametha movie review: Jr NTR, Trivikram Srinivas come together to deliver a riveting action drama|date=11 October 2018|website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Pooja Hegde is impressive as Aravinda. The strength of Aravinda Sametha... is in its writing. Trivikram, with some help from Penchal Das, gives us a film where characters speak the Rayalaseema dialect as though they've done it all their life."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aravinda-sametha-veera-raghava-review-trivikram-srinivas-and-ntr-present-an-engaging-story-of-the-messy-faction-wars/article25190857.ece|title=Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava review: Trivikram Srinivas and NTR present an engaging story of the messy faction wars|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=11 October 2018|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 17 February 2019
| [[TV9 Telugu|TSR– TV9 National Film Awards]]
| Best Heroine
| [[Pooja Hegde]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2019 |title=Ram Charan, Nag, Keerthy Suresh among winners of TSR awards |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram--nag-keerthy-suresh-among-winners-of-tsr-awards-kannada-news-229569 |website=India Glitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2019 |title=Tollywood stars received the TSR national awards |url=https://cinema.suryaa.com/cinema-17409-}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|10 August 2019
| rowspan=2|[[Sakshi TV|Sakshi Excellence Awards]]
| Best Actress
| [[Pooja Hegde]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2019/sakshi-excellence-awards-2019-winners-list-ram-charan-and-pooja-hegde-win-top-honours-288510.html |title=Sakshi Excellence Awards 2019 Winners List: Ram Charan and Pooja Hegde Bag Top Honours! |website=Filmibeat |date=12 August 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812083021/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2019/sakshi-excellence-awards-2019-winners-list-ram-charan-and-pooja-hegde-win-top-honours-288510.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2019 |title=Pooja Hegde Gets Most Popular Actor of the Year-Female Award {{!}} Sakshi Excellence Awards |url=https://www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com/index.php?page=Videos&pageid=10&subpageid=35&subsubpageid=89&id=766 |website=Sakshi Excellence Awards}}</ref>
|-
| Most Popular Actress of the Year
| [[Pooja Hegde]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="6"| 15 & 16 August 2019
| rowspan="6"| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| Best Film – Telugu
| [[Haarika and Hassine Creations|Haarika & Hasinee Creations]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="6"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Here's a complete list of nominees |website=The Times of India |date=19 July 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801183932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Best Director – Telugu
| [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Music Director – Telugu
| [[S. Thaman]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Lyricist – Telugu ([[Peniviti]])
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu (Peniviti)
| [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="7"| 21 December 2019
| rowspan="7"| [[66th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="7"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |website=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212141500/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html |title=Winners of the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |website=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=22 December 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222020917/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Pooja Hegde]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
| [[Jagapati Babu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
| [[S. Thaman]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]] (Peniviti)
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]] (Peniviti)
| [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]] (Reddamma Thalli)
| [[Mohana Bhogaraju]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 September 2019
| rowspan="2" |[[17th Santosham Film Awards]]
|[[Santosham Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
|[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
|{{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shriya Saran, Jayam Ravi and other celebs get spotted at an awards show; See pics|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/photos-shriya-saran-jayam-ravi-and-other-celebs-get-spotted-awards-show-476994|access-date=2020-11-25|website=PINKVILLA|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531132056/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/photos-shriya-saran-jayam-ravi-and-other-celebs-get-spotted-awards-show-476994|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Santosham Best Music Director Award|Best Music Director]]
|[[S. Thaman]]
|{{won}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|7765910}}

{{Trivikram Srinivas}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films directed by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films about feuds]]

Sangra

2026-03-26T08:47:25Z

Glorywebs: Adding Stub

{{Short description|Hindu community in Jammu}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}

The '''Sangra''' are [[Brahmin]]s, found mostly in the [[Jammu]] region mainly in Kootah village of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>
Sangras are Hindu Brahmins in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Settled in Kootah village, District Kathua and Jammu. It is widely believed that the Sangras of village Kootah have migrated from village Sanghar near Purmandal. Settled in Kootah, Sangras are also known as Shah Sangras because of their Rich and opulent history.
The tales of their riches go to the extent that it was told that all the Kings of Jammu and Kashmir used to take loans from Sangra shahs of Kootah to run the state. They owned agricultural lands spreading to several hundred of square miles and also were traders of gold.

Many people of "Sangra" Brahmin tribe follow [[Sikhism]] in Punjab and rest of them are Hindu

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Brahmin communities]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Hindus]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Brahmins]]
[[Category:Punjabi Brahmins]]
[[Category:Kashmiri tribes]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Taj Coromandel

2026-03-24T04:28:07Z

Glorywebs: Adding New Details

{{short description|Luxury hotel in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox hotel
| name = Taj Coromandel
| logo =
| logo_size = 125px
| image =
| caption = Taj Coromandel Hotel - Chennai
| location = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| address = 37, Nungambakkam High Road, [[Nungambakkam]] [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 034
| hotel_chain = [[Taj Hotels]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.058292|80.247633|display=inline,title}}
| opening_date = 14 April 1974
| developer =
| architect =
| operator = [[Taj Hotels]]
| owner = Oriental Hotels
| number_of_rooms = 212
| number_of_suites = 11
| number_of_restaurants=
| floor_area =
| floor_count =7
| height =
| parking =
| website = {{URL|https://taj.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj-coromandel-chennai/|Taj Coromandel}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Taj Coromandel''' is a [[Hotel rating|five-star]] luxury [[hotel]]<ref>{{cite web| title =Category : 5 Star Delux| work =List of Approved Hotels as of : 06/01/2013| publisher =Ministry of Tourism, Government of India| year =2013| url =http://tourism.gov.in/TourismDivision/HotelList.aspx?Name=Hotels%20and%20Restaurants&HCID=48| access-date =6 Jan 2013| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130118102237/http://tourism.gov.in/TourismDivision/HotelList.aspx?Name=Hotels%20and%20Restaurants&HCID=48| archive-date =18 January 2013| df =dmy-all}}</ref> located in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Named after the [[Coromandel Coast]], the HACCP- and ISO 14001-certified hotel was opened in 1974.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Taj Coromandel, Chennai
| publisher = Taj Hotels
| url = http://www.tajhotels.com/Luxury/City-Hotels/Taj-Coromandel-Chennai/Factsheet.pdf
| access-date = 10 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine
| title = Taj Coromandel
| magazine = Condé Nast Traveller
| url = http://www.cntraveller.in/content/taj-coromandel
| access-date = 10 Oct 2011}}</ref> Owned by Oriental Hotels Limited, an associate of the Taj Group of Hotels, it is classified under the group's luxury hotels section.

Taj Coromandel was the first<ref name="TOI_TajCoro">{{cite news
| last = Joshi
| first = Sonam
| title = Le Royal Meridien
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 22 October 2018
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/hotels/10-plush-stays-in-chennai/taj-coromandel/articleshow/24530367.cms
| access-date = 22 December 2024}}</ref> and only luxury hotel in the city for almost four decades.<ref name="HBI_TajRelaunchesBallroom">{{cite news
| title = Taj Coromandel, Chennai relaunches Ballroom
| newspaper = Hospitality Biz India.com
| location = Mumbai
| publisher = HospitalityBizIndia.com
| date = 24 June 2013
| url = http://www.hospitalitybizindia.com/detailNews.aspx?aid=16944&sid=1
| access-date = 30 Jun 2013}}</ref>

==Location==
The hotel is located at 37, Mahatma Gandhi Road, abutting Brakathambal Street in [[Nungambakkam]].

==History==
The hotel was named after the Coromandel Coast on which the city of Chennai is situated. The name is also derived from the Coromandel tree (''Kalpavriksha'' in Sanskrit), which, according to legend, has the power to grant any wish to a person who is under its shade. This, having a metaphorical reference to any guest who visits the hotel being granted anything that he or she wished for during the stay, is also cited as a reason for naming so. To signify this, the tree has been engraved into the marble façade of the hotel.<ref>{{cite web
| last = David Raj
| first = C. R.
| title = Taj Coromandel
| work = A Study on Employee Welfare Measure (on Major Specification in Canteen Facilities) with Special Reference to Taj Coromandel
| publisher = Scribd.com
| url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/36449375/Project
| access-date = 26 Apr 2012}}</ref>

In 1996, Southern Spice restaurant was launched.<ref name="FourTastyCorners">{{cite news
| last = Achal
| first = Archana
| title = Four tasty corners of the South
| newspaper = Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 4 March 2012
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/life/article2949680.ece
| access-date = 17 Mar 2012}}</ref>

==Facilities==
[[File:Secretary Clinton Is Greeted By Taj Coromandel Employees.jpg|thumb|250px|U.S. Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] is greeted by employees at the Taj Coromandel with a traditional greeting during her visit to India on 20 July 2011.]]
Taj Coromandel has a total of 212 rooms, including 11 suites. The Superior Rooms are 300 sq ft in size. The Taj Club Rooms are located on the top two floors.<ref>{{cite web| title =Taj Coromandel Hotel, Chennai| publisher =India Hotels Resorts| url =http://www.india-hotels-resorts.com/top-fifty-hotels/taj-coromandel-hotel-chennai/index.html| access-date =27 Apr 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100831081456/http://www.india-hotels-resorts.com/top-fifty-hotels/taj-coromandel-hotel-chennai/index.html| archive-date =31 August 2010| df =dmy-all}}</ref> The Royal Suite is located on the top floor, which includes a living room, two bathrooms and a private terrace sit-out providing the views of the city. It also has a Jacuzzi, additional guest bathroom, a separate dining area, a dressing room with 3-way mirrors and a pantry spread over 1,500 sq ft, and a private valet. The suite's occupant is entitled to all of the Taj Club facilities and services.<ref name="CityBidsFondAdieuToClinton"/>

The restaurants at the hotel include Anise—a 24-hour coffee shop and also a Multi-cuisine Restaurant, Chipstead—a lounge bar, Tea Lounge—serving a selection of a variety of teas from around the world, Golden Dragon—a specialty in Sichuan and Cantonese restaurant, Southern Spice—serving cuisine from the four southern states of India, and The Prego—a restaurant serving Italian cuisine.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Taj Coromandel
| publisher = The Finest Hotels of the World
| url = http://www.fhotels.net/Asia-India-TamilNadu-ChennaiCity/tajcoromandelhotel.en.html
| access-date = 12 Nov 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = Muthalaly
| first = Shonali
| title = A new approach to luxury
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 11 November 2010
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article880000.ece
| access-date = 5 Aug 2012}}</ref>

The hotel has 12,000 sq ft of business and reception facilities in eight conference rooms, ball rooms and board rooms. The Clive has a capacity of 30 seats.<ref>{{cite web| title =Recreation and Facilities in Taj Coromandel, Chennai| publisher =India Hotels Resorts| url =http://www.india-hotels-resorts.com/top-fifty-hotels/taj-coromandel-hotel-chennai/recreation-and-facilities.html| access-date =27 Apr 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160150/http://www.india-hotels-resorts.com/top-fifty-hotels/taj-coromandel-hotel-chennai/recreation-and-facilities.html| archive-date =3 December 2008| df =dmy-all}}</ref> The hotel also has a lagoon-style 5-metre lap lane pool.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Best Luxury Hotels in Chennai
| newspaper = The Luxury Editor
| date = n.d.
| url = https://theluxuryeditor.com/best-luxury-hotels-in-chennai/
| access-date = 28 August 2023}}</ref>

==Renovation==
After its first renovation in the late 1980s and early 1990s since its inception, the hotel was renovated for the second time in 2011 at a cost of about {{INR}} 1,000 million. Design firm Belt Collins designed a new driveway with new landscaping, and Chandu Chadda from [[Hong Kong]] redesigned the cavernous lobby. Belt Collins has designed a 9,000 sq ft spa under Taj's Jiva brand adjacent to its pool, and the hotel is also in the process of building a 6,000 sq ft gym.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Kamath
| first = Vinay
| title = The makeover of Taj Coromandel
| newspaper = Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 16 November 2011
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/brandline/article2630436.ece
| access-date = 16 Nov 2011}}</ref> The Southern Spice restaurant was renovated in 2011–2012 with interior designing by Ed Poole of Singapore-based Poole Associates.<ref name="FourTastyCorners"/>

In 2013, the hotel relaunched Ballroom, a 13,000-sq-feet banqueting facility.<ref name="HBI_TajRelaunchesBallroom"/>

==Notable residents==
Some of the notable guests who have stayed at Taj Coromandel include Queen [[Elizabeth II]],<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.cntraveller.in/story/chennai-s-best-business-hotels/
| title = Chennai's best business hotels
| last = CN Traveller
| date = 8 September 2011
| website = Condé Nast Traveller
| publisher = CNTraveller.in
| access-date = 17 July 2021
| quote = }}</ref> [[Jimmy Carter]],<ref name="TOI_TajCoro"/> the [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|Duke of York]], Italian Prime Minister [[Romano Prodi]], [[Bill Clinton]],<ref name="TOI_TajCoro"/> [[Festus Gontebanye Mogae]], [[Maud Olofsson]], [[Jackie Chan]],<ref name="TOI_TajCoro"/> [[Sergei Stanishev]], [[Jeffrey Archer]], [[Maha Chakri Sirindhorn]],<ref>{{cite news
| title = Hillary Clinton chooses to stay at Taj Coromandel, Chennai
| newspaper = IIFL
| publisher = Indiainfoline.com
| date = 22 July 2011
| url = http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Hillary-Clinton-chooses-to-stay-at-Taj-Coromandel-Chennai/5203357390
| access-date = 10 Nov 2011}}</ref> [[Hillary Clinton]],<ref name="CityBidsFondAdieuToClinton">{{cite news
| last = George
| first = Daniel P.
| title = City bids fond adieu to Clinton
| location = Chennai
| date = 22 July 2011
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-22/chennai/29803173_1_security-personnel-city-bids-hillary-clinton
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103222506/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-22/chennai/29803173_1_security-personnel-city-bids-hillary-clinton
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 January 2013
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 8 Aug 2012}}</ref> and [[Emperor Akihito]] and [[Empress Michiko]] of [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Taj Coromandel, Chennai bids farewell
| newspaper = ChennaiOnline
| location = Chennai
| publisher = ChennaiOnline.com
| date = 5 December 2013
| url = http://chennaionline.com/City360/Events/20132906102905/Taj-Coromandel-Chennai-bids-farewell.col
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131209195537/http://chennaionline.com/City360/Events/20132906102905/Taj-Coromandel-Chennai-bids-farewell.col
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 9 December 2013
| access-date = 7 Dec 2013}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
In 2023, the hotel was recognized with "Top Hospitality Honors" at the 8th International Hospitality Day organised by the International Hospitality Council (IHC) London and the International Institute of Hotel Management (IIHM).<ref name="IIHM-IHCAward">{{cite news
| title = Six top IHCL Hotels in Chennai win honours at the IIHM-IHC London International Hospitality Day Awards 2023
| location = Chennai
| date = 28 June 2023
| url = https://www.hotelierindia.com/events/six-top-ihcl-hotels-in-chennai-win-honours-at-the-iihm-ihc-london-international-hospitality-day-awards-2023
| newspaper = Hotelier India
| access-date = 28 August 2023}}</ref> The Southern Spice restaurant at the hotel bagged honours in the Restaurants Category.<ref name="IIHM-IHCAward"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Hotels in Chennai]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://taj.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj-coromandel-chennai/|Taj Coromandel Official Website}}
* [http://www.tajhotels.com/Luxury/City-Hotels/Taj-Coromandel-Chennai/Factsheet.pdf Hotel factsheet]
{{The Leading Hotels of the World|Asia}}
{{Hotels in Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Hotels in Chennai]]
[[Category:Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 1974]]
[[Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Sanggai Yumpham

2026-03-21T16:36:59Z

Glorywebs: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Former royal palace in Kangla, India}}
{{About|a historic royal residence in the [[Kangla Fort]]|the village in [[Thoubal district]]|Sanggaiyumpham, Thoubal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Sanggai Yumpham
| native_name = {{meitei|label=no|ꯁꯡꯒꯥꯏ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ|p=no|b=yes}}
| native_name_lang = mni
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| image1 = Kangla Fort, Manipur, India 3.jpg
| image2 = Southwestern wall of the Sanggai Yumpham inside the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image3 = Southern passageway to the outside of the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image4 = Southern passageway to the inners of the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image5 = Kangla Fort, Manipur, India 2.jpg
| image6 = The southern exit gate to the outside of the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image7 = Southern wall of the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image8 = Southern gateway to the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| size = 280
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| former_names = {{langx|omp|Sangkai Empham}}
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| etymology =
| status = partially demolished
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| architectural_style = [[Meitei architecture]]
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| location = inside the [[Kangla Fort]]
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| location_city = [[Imphal]]
| location_country = [[Manipur Kingdom]]
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| construction_start_date = 1611 A.D.
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* 1st demolition – during the [[Chahi-Taret Khuntakpa]]
* 2nd demolition – during the [[Anglo Manipur War]] on 27 April 1891

| cost =
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| client = [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
| owner = [[Government of Manipur]]
| governing_body = Kangla Fort Board
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{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
The '''Sanggāi Yumpham''' {{meitei|ꯁꯡꯒꯥꯏ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ}}, ({{langx|omp|Sangkai Eempham}}) was the [[citadel]], a fortified royal residence within the [[Kangla Fort]], [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brara |first=N. Vijaylakshmi |url=https://archive.org/details/politicssocietyc00brar/page/76/mode/2up?q=Royal+Residence+Citadel |title=Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East |date=1998 |publisher=Delhi; New York : [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-564331-2 |pages=76–77 |language=en}}</ref> It is preserved as an archaeological site as well as a tourist attraction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Archæological Survey of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40ohcsF3OToC&q=sanggai+yumpham |title=Indian Archaeology |date=2002 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]], [[Government of India]] |page=182 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AePP2beWGIsC&q=sanggai+yumpham |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] [[Secretariat (administrative office)|Secretariat]] |page=130 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 2011-12 - A REVIEW |url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/INDIAN%20ARCHAEOLOGY-A%20Review%202011-12%20submitted%20to%20DG,ASI.pdf |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jtuAAAAMAAJ&q=sanggai+yumpham |title=Traditional Customs and Rituals of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Assam |date=2002 |publisher=Vivekananda Kendra Institute of Culture |page=126 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The construction of the Citadel of the [[Kangla Fort]] in [[Imphal]] started in 1611, during the era of reign of King [[Khagemba]].<ref name=epao1/><ref name=lisam>{{Cite book |last=Lisam |first=Khomdan Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&dq=citadel+kangla&pg=PA581 |title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur |date=2011 |publisher= Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-864-2 |page=581 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Kangla Fort]] was destroyed and abandoned multiple times during Burmese invasions, especially during the [[Chahi-Taret Khuntakpa]], or Seven Years' Devastation (1819–1826). Later, the citadel was re-constructed during the reign of [[Chandrakirti Singh]] in 1873.{{r|lisam|p=580}}

As a result of the [[Anglo Manipur War]] of 1891, on 27 April 1891, General Maxwell annexed the [[Kangla]] and the citadel was demolished simultaneously.{{r|lisam|p=742}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TftcAAAAIAAJ&dq=citadel+kangla&pg=RA2-PA22 |title=Civic Affairs |date=1977 |publisher=P. C. Kapoor at the Citizen Press |page=22 |language=en}}</ref>

== Features ==
{{Multiple image|perrow = 3|total_width = 300
| image1 = Western pillars of the southern entrance to the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image2 = Eastern pillars of the southern entrance to the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image3 = Northwestern wall of the Sanggai Yumpham inside the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image4 = Inner roof of the southern entrance to the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image5 = Inner walls of the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
}}
The citadel is inside the fort's inner brick wall. It measures around {{convert|600 x 600|ft|m}}, and its walls are {{convert|14 to 20|ft|m}} high. There are four guarding pillars in the 4 corners of 4 directions.
The southern passageway door leads to the Govindajee Temple.<ref name=special>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-13 |title=Special features of Kangla - Naoroibam Indramani |newspaper=Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2018/05/13/special-features-kangla-naoroibam-indramani-4/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=epao1>{{Cite web |title=Kangla The ancient Capital of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Kangla.Kangla_The_ancient_Capital_of_Manipur |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref>
It built of bricks. It houses many holy sites, including the coronation site of [[Pakhangba]].{{efn|It may refer to the coronation site of Meitei king [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] or of divine God king [[Pakhangba]].}} It has three main entrance gates, two on the western side, one facing the Royal Coronation Hall and one facing the [[Durbar (court)|darbar hall]], and one on the southern side that leads to a passageway to the Shree Govindajee Temple.<ref name=epao1/><ref name=special/><ref name=lisam/>

{{Multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width = 300
| image1 = The southern passage way to the outside of the citadel in the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg
| image2 = The southern exit passage way to the outside of the citadel of the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
| footer = The southern exit passage way to the outside of the citadel of the [[Kangla Fort]] in [[Imphal]]. From Sanggai Yumpham, the enclosure of the citadel (royal residence), the passage way leads to the Shri [[Govinda]]jee Temple and Lord [[Wangpulen]] Shrine (Sacred site of Lord [[Wangbren]]) of [[Kangla]].
}}

It is surrounded by five walls of the [[Kangla Fort]]. The innermost wall is the only one that is standing still today. There is one octagonal [[watchtower]] at every corner of the wall, serving as [[Picket (military)|sentry]] posts. Its entire perimeter has military installations ([[Fortification|emplacement]]s) of around 500 defender soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kangla The Living Historical Symbol of Manipur |url=http://easternpanorama.in/index.php/tidbits/212-2019/jan-2019-issue/4200-11thjanuarytourism2019 |website=easternpanorama.in |publisher=[[Eastern Panorama]] |quote=The Citadel, which housed the royal residence, was the nerve administration. Five walls surrounded the royal palace. The innermost wall is the only structure that remains standing today. Each corners of the wall were interspersed with octagonal shaped watchtowers, serving as sentry posts. The entire perimeter of the Citadel had emplacements for upto 500 defenders.}}</ref>

There was an old bridge built over the [[Imphal River]] from the passageway between the Sanggai Yumpham and the Govindajee Temple inside the [[Kangla]]. Later, it got deteriorated in 1891. During the 28th meeting of the Kangla Fort Board, on 15 December 2018, [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], took a decision that a new bridge will be constructed similar to the features of the old bridge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern Kangla bridge to be reconstructed: 04th jun19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=13..040619.jun19 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kangla Sanathong]]
* [[Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]]
* [[Hijagang]]
* [[Pakhangba Temple, Kangla]]
* [[Manung Kangjeibung]]
* [[Museums in Kangla]]
* [[Kangla Nongpok Torban]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sanggai Yumpham, Kangla}}
* {{Cite web |title=The site of Kangla from which the potteries and bricks were excavated |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-site-of-Kangla-from-which-the-potteries-and-bricks-were-excavated_fig2_242219964}}
* {{Cite web |title=Minutes of Standing Committee, CABA 2008-09 - Archaeological ... |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/18645612/minutes-of-standing-committee-caba-2008-09-archaeological- |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |title=Digging up Manipur's archaeological past: An interaction with Dr. O.K. Singh |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/28/11-The-geomorphology-of-the-Manipur-valley-profile-shows-gradual-sloping-in-elevation-from-west-to-east-direction-on-one-hand-and-north-to-south-direction-on-the-other-And-there-is-credible-evidenc.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Manipur}}

[[Category:Meitei architecture]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manipur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Imphal]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Meitei royalty]]
[[Category:Palaces in Manipur]]

Lucky Bisht

2026-03-16T23:31:26Z

Glorywebs: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian spy and sniper}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=March 2026}}
{{Disputed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Laxman_singh_1849.jpg
| caption = Bisht in 2018, as a member of the National Security Guard (NSG)
| other_names = RAW HITMAN<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/r-a-w-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima-brings-the-interesting-story-of-lucky-bisht/cid/1945689|title=R.A.W Hitman: The real story of Agent Lima brings the interesting story of Lucky Bisht|work=The Telegraph}}</ref>
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|06|01|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gangolihat]], [[Pithoragarh district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] (present day [[Uttarakhand]]), India
| occupation = {{hlist|Former [[Commando]]|spy<ref name=Telenganatoday>{{Cite web|url= https://telanganatoday.com/from-spy-to-story-teller|title= From spy to story teller|website=Telangana Today |first=Epsita|last=Gunti|date= 14 July 2022|language=en|access-date=2022-07-14}}</ref>|writer<ref name=Outlook>{{Cite web|url= https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/ex-army-officer-enters-bollywood-to-serve-legendary-war-stories-to-masses/320237|title= Ex-Army Officer Enters Bollywood To Serve Legendary War Stories To Masses|website=Outlook |first=Archana|last=Shrama|date= 16 November 2018|language=en|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref>}}
| years_active = 2003–2018
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] Army
|serviceyears = 15 years 6 months 10 Days
|rank = [[Commando]]<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://pynr.in/article/unfolding-the-stories-of-unsung-heroes |title= Unfolding the stories of Unsung heroes |website=Pioneer|first=Tejal|last=Shina|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>
|unit =
|alma_mater = [[National Security Guard]]<ref name=businessinsider>{{Cite web|url= https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/former-nsg-commando-lucky-bishts-story-needs-to-be-told-says-author-hussain-zaidi/articleshow/102228423.cms |title= Former NSG commando Lucky Bisht's story needs to be told, says author Hussain Zaidi|website=businessinsider|first=Nidhi|last=Singh|language=en|access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref> [[Belgaum Military School]] [[Army War College, Mhow]] [[Explosives engineering]] [[Research and Analysis Wing]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/chandigarh/news/lucky-bisht--raw-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima-1837034|title='रॉ हिटमैन' किताब का पोस्टर रिलीज, RAW agent Lucky Bisht की जिंदगी करेगी बयां – mobile|date=June 9, 2023|website=punjabkesari}}</ref> [[Assam Rifles]]
}}
| signature = Signature lucky.svg
}}
'''Lakshman Singh Bisht''' (popularly known as '''Lucky Bisht''')<ref>https://www.news18.com/movies/former-raw-agent-laxman-singh-bisht-reveals-how-this-hindi-song-once-saved-his-life-9130939.html

</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=स्पाईमास्टर लकी बिष्ट के जीवन पर किताब लिखेंगे हुसैन जैदी, पर्दे पर आएगी हौसले की कहानी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/article/ex-army-officer-laxman-singh-bisht-aka-lucky-bisht-story-will-be-on-book-and-screen/409536 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=www.timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhandari |first1=Kabir Singh |title=Bollywood Is Making A Movie On This Spy Who Was Bodyguard to PM Narendra Modi. This Is His Amazing Story |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/bollywood-is-making-a-movie-on-this-spy-who-was-bodyguard/432135 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en |date=30 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=India>{{Cite web|url= https://www.india.com/viral/viral-story-lucky-bisht-from-raw-agent-to-modi-bodyguard-biopic-5674270/ |title= From RAW Agent To Modi's Bodyguard To Now a Biopic In The Making. Here's The Viral Story Of Lucky Bisht|website=India. Com|first=Kritika|last=Bansal|language=en|access-date=2020-10-08}}</ref> is an Indian former spy, sniper and [[National Security Guard]] commando.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=July 4, 2023 |title=Lucky Bisht's story in the book 'R.A.W Hitman: The real story of Agent Lima' |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/lucky-bishts-story-in-the-book-raw-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima/article67037005.ece |via=www.thehindu.com |last1=Murthy |first1=Neeraja }}</ref> He served as a personal bodyguard to politicians such as [[Tarun Gogoi]], [[L. K. Advani]], [[Chandrababu Naidu]], [[Rajnath Singh]] and Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2023 |title=The curious case of former NSG commando & RAW agent Lucky Bisht |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/lifestyle/the-curious-case-of-former-nsg-commando-raw-agent-lucky-bisht-10924031.html |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

==Early life and military career==
[[File:Lucky_bisht.jpg|thumb|Lucky Bisht (right) with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] (left)|200px]]
Bisht was born in [[Gangolihat]], [[Pithoragarh district]], [[Uttarakhand]]. His grandfather died in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2023/Jul/19/i-dont-want-my-mom-to-read-my-biography-former-nsg-commandolucky-bisht-2596140.html |title= I don't want my mom to read my biography: Former NSG commando Lucky Bisht |first=Rayan|last=Thomas|date=19 July 2023|website=News Indian Express}}</ref> He completed his early education at Kendriya Vidhyalaya No. 5, [[Mansarovar (Jaipur)|Mansarovar]], [[Jaipur]],<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/national/news/after-sachin-tendulkar-simon-schuster-to-publish-biopic-of-ex-nsg-commando-and-spy-lucky-bisht-214325 |title= Simon & Schuster to publish biopic of ex-NSG Commando and Spy, Lucky Bisht|first=Rachana|last=Sharma|date=29 June 2023|website=Punjab News Express}}</ref> and eventually joined the [[Special forces of India|special forces]].

Bisht claims he served as a bodyguard for [[Narendra Modi]] during his tenure as [[chief minister]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name="Entrepreneur">{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Kabir |date=30 July 2022 |title=Bollywood Is Making A Movie On This Spy Who Was Bodyguard to PM Narendra Modi. This Is His Amazing Story |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/video/432135 |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}{{dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> In 2022, Bisht was interviewed by [[Hussain Zaidi]] about his life,<ref>{{cite web |title= Lucky Bisht – a prisoner or a patriot? Prolific writer S Hussain Zaidi delves into this dilemma in detail|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/lucky-bisht-a-prisoner-or-a-patriot-prolific-writer-s-hussain-zaidi-delves-into-this-dilemma-in-detail|website=Free press journal|language=en|date=24 May 2022}}</ref> career and experiences as an intelligence operative for the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW).<ref>{{cite web |title=स्पाईमास्टर लकी बिष्ट के जीवन पर किताब लिखेंगे हुसैन जैदी, पर्दे पर आएगी हौसले की कहानी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/article/ex-army-officer-laxman-singh-bisht-aka-lucky-bisht-story-will-be-on-book-and-screen/409536 |website=Timesnowhindi.com |language=hi |date=24 May 2022}}</ref> Bisht claims that he was part of the security detail for US President [[Barack Obama]] during his visit to India on 8 November 2010.<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/lucky-bisht-the-unsung-heroes-who-safeguard-our-nations-802339 |title= I Lucky Bisht, the unsung heroes who safeguard our nations|first=Askari|last=Jaffer|date=11 June 2023|website=Hans India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=स्सिल्वर स्क्रीन पर जल्द होगी स्पाईमास्टर लक्की कमांडो की जीवनी |url= https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-spymaster-lucky-commandos-biography-to-be-on-silver-screen-soon-4284888.html |website=News18.com |language=hi |date=30 May 2022}}</ref> He has also claimed to have worked with various government security agencies, including the [[National Security Guard]], [[Indian Army]], [[Research and Analysis Wing]], [[Special Forces]] and [[Assam Rifles]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/duniya-ke-jasoos-laxman-lucky-bisht-a-spy-narendra-modi-bodyguard-story/articleshow/101689347.cms |title= LoC के उस पार अकेले ही सेफ होते हैं... नरेंद्र मोदी के बॉडीगार्ड रहे जासूस की रोमांचक कहानी |date=13 July 2023|website=www.Navbharat times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= From national security agencies to the doors of Bollywood, Lucky Bisht leads a life of purpose|url= https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/national-security-agencies-doors-bollywood-lucky-bisht-leads-life-purpose-1503080251.html|website=The Statesman|language=en|date=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2023/07/29/lst1-book-bisht.html |title= Lucky Bisht's story needs to be told: Hussain Zaidi on book on ex-NSG commando |first=Tanvi|last=Jain|website=theweak}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= लकी बिष्ट की कहानी बताने की जरूरत है: हुसैन जैदी ने पूर्व एनएसजी कमांडो पर लिखी पुस्तक
|url= https://www.ibc24.in/country/lucky-bishts-story-needs-to-be-told-hussain-zaidi-writes-book-on-former-nsg-commandos-1665247.html/amp |language=hi |date=30 July 2023|website=Ibc24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= पाकिस्तान में भी छाया भारत के पूर्व RAW एजेंट लक्की बिष्ट का जादू, उनकी बहादुरी के दीवाने हुए लोग |url= https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/lucky-bisht-s-fame-spreads-in-pakistan-his-bravery-widely-discussed-2104858?amp |website=Punjab Kesari |language=hi |date=25 Feb 2025}}</ref>

==Prediction==

In December 2024, during an interview with ''[[Navbharat Times]]'', Bisht asserted that the government of Nepal under [[K. P. Sharma Oli]] would [[state collapse|collapse]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucky Bisht Nepal prediction: Why did Lucky Bisht interview go viral after Oli resignation? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/news/lucky-bisht-nepal-prediction-why-did-lucky-bisht-interview-go-viral-after-oli-resignation/videoshow/123830031.cms |work=Navbharat Times |date=11 September 2025 |access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref> On 10 September 2025, it fell during the [[2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests|Nepalese Gen Z protests]]. Several media outlets reported on this prediction, including the ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'', ''[[Times Now]]'', ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]'', ''[[ABP News]]'', and ''[[Aaj Tak]]''.

==Books about Bisht==
A book on his life, titled ''[[R.A.W. Hitman: The Real Story of Agent Lima]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/r-a-w-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima-brings-the-interesting-story-of-lucky-bisht/cid/1945689|title=R.A.W Hitman: The real story of Agent Lima brings the interesting story of Lucky Bisht|work=The Telegraph}}</ref> was published by [[Simon & Schuster]] on 4 July 2023 in the United States<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://indiawest.com/simon-schuster-to-release-commando-lucky-bisht-biopic-on-july-4/ |title= Simon & Schuster to release Commando Lucky Bisht Biopic on July 4.|first=Soumya|last=Pandey|date=30 June 2023|website=India West}}</ref> and on 6 July 2023 in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/news/delhi/nsg-commando-ex-raw-agent-lucky-bishts-biography-raw-hitman-published-s-hussain-zaidi-is-the-author-6112950/|title=एक्स रॉ एजेंट लकी बिष्ट की ज़िन्दगी से रूबरू होगी दुनिया, एस. हुसैन जैदी ने लिखी 'रॉ हिटमैनk' बायोग्राफी|website=www.india.com}}</ref> It was written by [[Hussain Zaidi]].<ref name=Telegraphindia>{{Cite web|url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/india/lucky-bishts-story-needs-to-be-told-hussain-zaidi-on-book-on-ex-nsg-commando/cid/1955406 |title= Lucky Bisht's story needs to be told: Hussain Zaidi on book on ex-NSG commando|website=Telegraphindia|first=Kishan|last=Mathur|language=en|access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref><ref name=Scrollin>{{Cite web|url= https://scroll.in/reel/1055318/s-hussain-zaidi-interview-there-still-is-a-big-interest-in-crime-biopics-are-in-fashion |title= S Hussain Zaidi interview: 'There still is a big interest in crime, biopics are in fashion' |website=Scroll.in|first=Nandini|last=Ramanath|date= 4 September 2023 |language=en|access-date=2023-09-04}}</ref>

Bisht authored the book ''[[R.A.W Hitman 2: The Assassinations]]'', which was published by [[Simon & Schuster]] on December 3, 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Atiqual Habib |title= Meet Lucky Bisht: PM Modi's former bodyguard, ex-RAW agent turned crime thriller writer |work=India Today |date=15 January 2025 |url= https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/meet-lucky-bisht-pm-modis-former-bodyguard-ex-raw-agent-turned-crime-thriller-writer-1155233-2025-01-15 |accessdate=16 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Mudit Bhatnagar |title= Meet Lucky Bisht: PM Modi's former bodyguard, ex-RAW agent turned crime thriller writer
|work=Times Now |date=18 December 2024 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/raw-agent-turned-screenwriter-lucky-bisht-reveals-pm-modi-unmatched-work-ethic-never-took-holidays-or-rested-more-than-exclusive-article-116396617/amp |accessdate=24 December 2024}}</ref>

==Murder case==
Bisht faced accusations for the [[assassination of Raju Pargai & Amit Arya|assassination of Raju Pargai and Amit Arya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Dehradun Edition |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110910/dun.htm#3 |website=tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/commandos-candour-criticism-what-marked-hussain-zaidis-raw-hitman-book-launch-in-delhi/1698129/?amp |title= Commandos, candour, criticism–what marked Hussain Zaidi's 'RAW Hitman' book launch in Delhi |website=The Print|first=Anurag|last=Chaubey|date= 3 August 2023 |language=en|access-date=2023-08-03}}</ref> On 5 September 2011, the Uttarakhand Police charged him with a [[double murder]] charge.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://garhwalpost.in/there-is-no-greater-dharma-than-serving-ones-country/ |title= There is no greater dharma than serving one's country! |first=Anjali|last=Naurial|date=26 June 2023|website=Garhwal Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=राजू परगई और अमित आर्य के पांचां हत्यारोपी बरी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/nainital/crime/21520368952-nainital-news |website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> He spent over three years in jail, being transferred to 11 different facilities during this period.<ref name=Telenganatoday /> He was released on 11 March 2015.<ref name=theprint>{{Cite web|url= https://theprint.in/india/lucky-bishts-story-needs-to-be-told-hussain-zaidi-on-book-on-ex-nsg-commando/1691481/?amp |title= Lucky Bisht's story needs to be told: Hussain Zaidi on book on ex-NSG commando|website=Theprint|first=vimal|last=Singh|date= 29 July 2023|language=en|access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref><ref name=PTI>{{Cite web|url= https://www.ptinews.com/news/health-and-lifestyle/lucky-bishts-story-needs-to-be-told-hussain-zaidi-on-book-on-ex-nsg-commando/15/619125.html |title= Lucky Bisht's story needs to be told: Hussain Zaidi on book on ex-NSG commando|website=PTI|first=Kishan|last=Mathur|language=en|access-date=2023-07-29}}</ref> Ultimately, the [[Nainital]] district court acquitted him on 6 March 2018 due to a lack of evidence.<ref>{{cite news |title=डबल मर्डर केस में एनएसजी कमांडो सहित पांच लोग बरी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-five-people-including-nsg-commando-acquitted-in-double-murder-case-17618500.html |work=Dainik Jagran |date=7 March 2018 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=दोहरे हत्याकांड में लकी कमांडो समेत पांचों आरोपी बरी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/haldwani/story-five-accused-including-lucky-commando-in-double-murder-casea-acquitted-1837453.html |work=livehindustan.com |date=7 March 2018 |language=hindi}}</ref> Bisht rejoined the Special Forces in 2018 and retired in 2019 before venturing into [[Bollywood]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web |title=लकी कमांडो बना बॉलीवुड फिल्म प्रोड्यूसर |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/haldwani/story-lucky-commando-made-bollywood-film-producer-2122295.html |website=livehindustan.com |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/18388/exarmy-officer-forays-into-bollywood-to-tell-lost-stories-of-war-heroes.html |title= Ex-army officer forays into Bollywood to tell 'lost stories' of war heroes|first=Rohit|last=Singh|date=12 April 2021|website=The weekend leader}}</ref>

==Filmography==
Bisht made his entry into the Indian film industry as a producer in 2019, and had a cameo in the web series ''Sena: Guardians of the Nation'', which was released on Amazon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zeebiz |first=Staff |date=2025-01-01 |title=Meet Lucky Bisht, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s former bodyguard who made a cameo in Sena: Guardians of the Nation |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/meet-lucky-bisht-prime-minister-narendra-modi-s-former-bodyguard-who-made-a-cameo-in-sena-guardians-of-the-nation-2949945.html/amp |website=Zee News}}</ref><ref name="Planetbollywood">{{Cite web|url= https://planetbollywood.com/wp/news/lucky-bisht-former-bodyguard-of-pm-narendra-modi-turnsfilm-writer-and-director/|title= Lucky Bisht: Former bodyguard of PM Narendra Modi turns film writer and director|website=Planet Bollywood|first=Kabir|last=Bhandari|language=en|access-date=2022-07-25}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | Title
!scope="col" | Producer
!scope="col" | writer
!scope="col" | Note
!scope="col" | Ref
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''Ehsaas ''
|{{Ya}}
|
|Album
|<ref>{{cite web |title=एहसास वीडियो में छाई अल्मोड़ा की संजना |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/nainital/31524949090-nainital-news |website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''3D Night ''
|{{Ya}}
|
|Film
|<ref>{{cite web |title=This short film aims to combat rising drug menace in India |url=https://npnews24.com/2019/01/01/this-short-film-aims-to-combat-rising-drug-menace-in-india/ |website=NP News24 |date=1 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=This short film aims to combat rising drug menace in India – Entertainment |url=http://www.thesouthasiantimes.info/news-This_short_film_aims_to_combat_rising_drug_menace_in_India-228110-Entertainment-36.html |website=www.thesouthasiantimes.info}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''The Maniac''
| {{Ya}}
|
|Film
|<ref>{{cite web |title=बड़े पर्दे पर जल्द दिखेगी प्रोड्यूसर लक्की बिष्ट की फिल्म "THE MANIAC" |url=https://www.haldwanilive.com/bollywoodfilm-the-maniac-will-release-all-india-soon-by-producer-luck-bisht/ |website=Haldwani Live Hindi News Portal |date=8 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''Kaun Saab (Who is it?)''
| {{Ya}}
|
|Film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/kaun-saab-a-short-film-questioning-vip-treatment-given-to-terrorists-in-jail |title= Kaun Saab': A short film questioning VIP treatment given to terrorists in jail|first=Keshav|last=Chouhan|date=12 April 2021|website=National Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Short film 'Kaun Saab' questions VIP treatment given to terrorists in jail |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/short-film-kaun-saab-questions-vip-treatment-given-to-terrorists-in-jail-2179549.html |website=Zee News |language=en |date=12 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''Super Laundeys (Indian TV series)''
| {{Ya}}
|
|Web Series
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Web series to tell story of Bollywood strugglers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/web-series-to-tell-story-of-bollywood-strugglers-119043000606_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=30 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|scope="row"| ''Acche Din ''
|{{Ya}}
|
|Film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://hindi.siasat.com/news/समाज-को-आइना-दिखाती-प्रीत-1212425/ |title= समाज को आइना दिखाती फिल्म अच्छे दिन |first=Rohit|last=Singh|date=12 April 2021|website=Sai sat}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|scope="row"| ''Omaya''
| {{Ya}}
|
|Film
|
|-
| 2020
|scope="row"| ''Un Lamhon mein''
| {{Ya}}
|
|Album
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-song-music-video-un-lamhon-mein-sung-by-amit-mishra-soumee-sailsh/videoshow/78911355.cms |title= Un lamhon mei Produce by Lucky Bisht|first=Ankit|last=Chouhan|date=12 April 2021|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|Upcoming
|scope="row"| ''Victoria Cross Gabbar Singh Negi''
| {{Ya}}
| {{Ya}}
|Film
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Army Officer Enters into Bollywood |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/nov/16/former-army-officer-forays-into-bollywood-to-tell-lost-stories-of-war-heroes-1899047.html |website=NewIndianExpress|date=16 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name=mid-day>{{Cite web|url= https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/ex-commando-lucky-bisht-to-produce-first-indian-world-war-movie-on-legendary-war-hero-victoria-cross-gabbar-singh-negi-22846269 |title=Lucky Bisht to produce movie on Victoria Cross Gabbar Singh Negi |website=mid-day|first=Dinesh|last=Yadav|date=18 June 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-06-18}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==

* In 2009, he was honored as the Best Commando for his exceptional performance in the field.<ref name=lb1>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/news/other/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%88-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8/ar-AA1Mjsde?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=68c2749d9876411d8909b3e6aaa757c1&ei=22 नेपाल में गिर गई सरकार लेकिन चर्चा में लकी बिष्ट क्यों? वायरल हुआ बयान], MSN News, accessed 11 Sept 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= पाकिस्तान में भी छाया भारत के पूर्व RAW एजेंट लक्की बिष्ट का जादू, उनकी बहादुरी के दीवाने हुए लोग |url= https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/lucky-bisht-s-fame-spreads-in-pakistan-his-bravery-widely-discussed-2104858?amp |website=Punjab Kesari |language=hi |date=25 Feb 2025}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of snipers]]
* [[Research and Analysis Wing]]
* [[Killings of Raju Pargai and Amit Arya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name|9921185}}
* {{Instagram|iamluckybisht}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bisht, Lucky}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:People of the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Indian spies]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Uttarakhand]]

Sanjana Krishnamoorthy

2026-03-15T10:23:08Z

Glorywebs: Adding New Stub

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjana Krishnamurthy
| birth_name = Sanjana
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| alma_mater = [[M.O.P. Vaishnav College for Women]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Assistant director}}
| years_active = 2021–present
| notable_works = ''[[Vadhandhi: The Fable of Velonie]]'' ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
}}

'''Sanjana Krishnamoorthy''' is an Indian actress, who predominantly works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language series and films, who rose to fame with the crime thriller series ''[[Vadhandhi: The Fable of Velonie]]'' (2022) and the sports drama film ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' (2024). Later, Sanjana assisted [[Mani Ratnam]] in his 2025 film, ''[[Thug Life (2025 film)|Thug Life]].''

== Career ==
After completing her degree in Visual Communication in [[M.O.P. Vaishnav College for Women]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-26 |title=வேண்டாம் என்று ஒதுக்கமுடியாத வாய்ப்பு இது! |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/35986-heroine-sanjana-krishnamurthy-interview-1.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Kamadenu |language=en}}</ref> Sanjana began her career in a YouTube-page named ''Awesome Machi'' as a Graphic designer and also starred in a few videos. Later she received a call for an audition from [[Pushkar–Gayatri|Pushkar and Gayatri's]] production company, Wallwatcher Films for the [[Amazon Prime Video]] web series ''[[Vadhandhi: The Fable of Velonie]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-11-19 |title='வதந்தி' வெப் சீரிஸில் அறிமுகமாகும் நடிகை சஞ்சனா! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/entertainment/movie/actress-sanjana-is-making-her-debut-in-the-web-series-vadhandhi/tamil-nadu20221119160058968968659 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=ta}}</ref> and got selected. In 2024, she appeared one of the female leads in the sports drama film ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-26 |title=ஸ்ட்ராபெர்ரி கண்ணே... 'லப்பர் பந்து' சஞ்சனா கேஷுவல் க்ளிக்ஸ் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/others/1331406-sanjana-krishnamoorthy-latest-album-viral.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> opposite to [[Harish Kalyan]], with the movie garnering widespread acclaim and praise for her performance. Later, Sanjana has been assisting [[Mani Ratnam]] in his film, ''[[Thug Life (2025 film)|Thug Life]]'', starring [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Silambarasan]].<ref name=":0" />

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2024 || ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' || Durga ||{{Nominated }} - [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]] for Best Debut Actress|| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-03 |title=Harish Kalyan & Sanjana pair up in 'Lubber Pandhu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/harish-kalyan-sanjana-pair-up-in-lubber-pandhu/articleshow/98384992.cms |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303115501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/harish-kalyan-sanjana-pair-up-in-lubber-pandhu/articleshow/98384992.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-12 |title=Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2024, recognising excellence in Tamil cinema, announced - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2024-recognising-excellence-in-tamil-cinema-announced-144323.html |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || [[Thug Life (2025 film)|''Thug Life'']] || Mangai Shakthivel || Also Assistant director || <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=2024-10-17 |title=Sanjana Krishnamoorthy on 'Lubber Pandhu', assisting Mani Ratnam in 'Thug Life', and more |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sanjana-krishnamoorthy-on-lubber-pandhu-mani-ratnam-in-thug-life-and-more/article68736330.ece |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[DC (2026 film)|DC]]''
|Parvathi
|
|<ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/01/lokesh-kanagaraj-arun-matheswaran-project-titled-dc-wamiqa-gabbi-to-also-star</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2021
|''I Hate You I Love You: Chapter-5 : Password''
|Pallavi
| || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Ashutosh |date=2021-03-16 |title='I Hate You – I Love You', On YouTube, Is A Charming Take On Messy Arguments Between Couples |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/i-hate-you-i-love-you-web-series-tamil-review-youtube-a-charming-take-on-messy-arguments-between-couples |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330175523/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/i-hate-you-i-love-you-web-series-tamil-review-youtube-a-charming-take-on-messy-arguments-between-couples |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Vadhandhi: The Fable of Velonie]]''
| Velonie|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=Who is Velonie? Here's everything you need to know about debutante Sanjana in Vadhandhi – The Fable of Velonie |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/who-is-velonie-heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-debutante-sanjana-in-vadhandhi-the-fable-of-velonie-11652671.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=2023-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008072446/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/who-is-velonie-heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-debutante-sanjana-in-vadhandhi-the-fable-of-velonie-11652671.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Music video===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2024
| ''Kaadhal Alaipayuthey''
| Sanjana
| || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkkfhjiOtu0|title=Kaadhal Alaipayuthey | Amrit Ramnath | Sanjana K | Pranav Radee | Official Music Video|date=November 22, 2024|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=14222534}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamoorthy, Sanjana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Master Vaz

2026-03-14T22:55:14Z

Glorywebs: Made A Article W/ Infobox - done

{{Short description|Indian singer and lyricist (1927–2019)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Master Vaz
| image = Master Vaz at 125 years of Tiatr Celebrations (cropped).jpg
| caption = Vaz at Ravindra Bhavan, [[Margao]] in 2016
| birth_name = José Lourenço Vás
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|9|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mapuçá]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|12|13|1927|9|6|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Salcete#Salcette territory|Utorda]], Goa, India
| notable_works = {{ubl|
* ''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]''
* ''[[Amchem Noxib]]''}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|playwright|lyricist}}
| years_active = 1934–{{circa|2004}}
| children = 9, including [[Marcus Vaz|Marcus]]
| spouse = Marianin Vaz
}}

'''Jose Lawrence Vaz''' (born '''José Lourenço Vás'''; 6 September 1927 – 13 December 2019), known professionally as '''Master Vaz''', was an Indian singer, playwright, and lyricist known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]], ''[[tiatr]]'' productions, [[folk play]]s, and [[radio play]]s.

==Early life==
Jose Lawrence Vaz, originally named José Lourenço Vás, was born on 6 September 1927, in [[Mapuça]], [[Goa]], which was under [[Portuguese conquest of Goa|Portuguese rule]] as part of [[Portuguese India]] (now in India). His father, Benjamin Vaz ([[né]] Vas), a tailor, hailed from [[Aldona]], and his mother, Maria Aurora Vaz ([[née]] Rodrigues), was a homemaker. They belonged to a [[Goan Catholic]] family<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sequeira |first=José Joaquim |date=1927 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030120953/https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> and had an elder daughter named Josephine, who was a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer. Both of Vaz's parents were ''[[tiatrist]]s'' (''tiatr'' performers), known for their unique theatrical abilities, and they often performed in ''[[tiatrs]]'' across [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai).<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
In 1934, the ''[[tiatrist]]'' Saluzin from [[Bardez]] made the strategic decision to bring his theatrical production, titled ''Bomboichi Ixttinn'' (Bombay Friend), to the city of [[Bombay]]. In this production, Vaz's parents assumed the roles of Mr. and Mrs. Vaz within the said drama. At the age of 7, young Vaz, the protagonist's character, was introduced by the director as '''Master Vaz''', a name that resonated and became his enduring [[stage name]] within the [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]] landscape. During this period, Vaz collaborated with individuals such as Pako, [[Ernest Rebello]], and Saluzin, collectively creating a [[repertoire]] of melodious compositions that Vaz performed with nostalgia. Additionally, Vaz's elder sister, Josephine, possessing a vocal prowess, joined her brother in rendering [[duet]]s for approximately two years. Furthermore, Vaz's brother-in-law, Sebastian D'Souza, known by the [[moniker]] SD Punewala, contributed significantly by composing songs for Vaz's performances. Vaz initiated his foray into scriptwriting at the age of 12, debuting his first comedic ''[[tiatr]]'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2019-12-14 |title=A boy named Master Vaz who became a tiatr legend |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-boy-named-master-vaz-who-became-a-tiatr-legend/articleshow/72555849.cms |access-date=2024-01-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ''Jack and Mack, Tarvar Zalem Pack'', at the St. Martin's Hall in [[Bandra]]. Although the production deviated from a conventional ''tiatr'' format, presenting itself as more of a concert, it received appreciation and acclaim from the discerning audience. Subsequently, Vaz continued to enrich the theatrical landscape with his creative output, successfully staging two additional ''tiatrs'', namely ''Addecho Dotor'' (The Orthopedic) and ''Enddeanchem Noxib'' (Fool's Luck).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=A masterful career |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-masterful-career/89975 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

The arrival of the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer [[Minguel Rod]] and his ''tiatr'' in Bombay heralded a significant milestone for Vaz's career. Welcomed into Rod's troupe, Vaz diligently engaged in rigorous rehearsals alongside fellow artist [[Kid Boxer]], often concluding their creative endeavors with a shared convivial moment at [[Mahim]]. Notably, Paulo Marcel Pereira, hailing from the town of [[Goa Velha]], contributed to the propagation of Minguel Rod's theatrical works, presenting the ''tiatrs Ghorchem Kestanv'' (Family Feud) and ''Bapul Bhav'' (Cousin Brother) in [[Goa]] subsequent to their successful staging in Bombay. During this period, Vaz and the entire troupe found solace and accommodation within the hospitality of Paulo's abode in Goa Velha. Encouraged by their predecessors' achievements, contractors from [[Verna, Goa]] and [[Salcete#Salcette territory|Cansaulim]], namely Caetan Bev/Kontu and Sakratis/Paru, respectively, sought to emulate their success by staging Minguel Rod's celebrated ''tiatrs'' in numerous villages, predominantly in Verna and Cansaulim. This trend continued as Vaz and his troupe members spent the months between November and January in Goa, captivating local audiences with their ''tiatr'' performances while residing at Minguel Rod's residence in [[Cortalim]]. The culmination of their [[Goan]] sojourn coincided with the [[Epiphany (holiday)|feast of Three Kings]] on 3 January, wherein they performed their final presentation in Cansaulim before returning to the city of Bombay.<ref name=":1" />

During his tenure with Minguel Rod's troupe, Vaz acquired expertise in songwriting, singing, and scriptwriting for ''[[tiatrs]]''. He had the privilege of being cast in ''tiatrs'' produced by pioneers of the Konkani stage, including [[Saib Rocha]], [[Dioguinho D'Mello]], [[Kid Boxer]], [[Minguel Rod]], Young Menezes, [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[C. Alvares]], [[J. P. Souzalin]], [[Aleixinho de Candolim]], and others. Vaz's son, [[Marcus Vaz]], a Konkani singer, organized a performance of his ''tiatr Almachea Disa'' in [[Kuwait]] and invited Vaz to join the cast, alongside [[Prince Jacob]], [[Antonette De Calangute]], and Marcelin de Betim.<ref name=":1" /> Throughout his career, Vaz has written and directed approximately 25 ''tiatrs'', with contributions including ''Bapui'' (Father), ''Mhalgoddo Put Fulgoddo'', and ''Ghoracho Divo'' (The Light of the House). In addition to performing in [[Goa]], Vaz showcased his ''tiatrs'' in various locations such as [[Pune]], [[Malwan]], [[Vengurla]], [[Sawantwadi]], [[Belgaum]], [[New Delhi]], and [[Daman and Diu]]. He also expanded his artistic endeavors internationally, presenting his performances in [[Karachi]], [[Mombasa]], [[Nairobi]], [[Nakuru]], and [[Kampala]]. Vaz's creative talents extended to the realm of film, where he composed the lyrics for the opening song of the first [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]], ''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]'' (1950), as well as a song in the Konkani film ''Mhoji Ghorkarn''. As a prolific lyricist, he composed and performed thousands of songs, many of which enjoyed popularity. Furthermore, Vaz showcased his versatility by writing and presenting numerous [[folk play]]s on [[All India Radio]], [[Panaji]]. Some examples of his [[radio play]]s include ''Visvaxi Ghorkarn'' (Loyal Wife), ''Vizmit'', and ''Ganvchi Seva'' (Village Service).<ref name=":0" />

==Style and reception==
''[[The Times of India]]'' writes, Vaz's career was characterized by his portrayal of [[Cross-gender acting|female roles]], a task that was deemed unconventional for women at the time. He exhibited impressive proficiency in his [[body language]] and mannerisms, surpassing the abilities of even the most accomplished contemporary female performers. Vaz's performances were flawlessly executed, often deceiving audiences into believing that they were witnessing an actual woman on stage. Furthermore, he showcased his vocal talents by [[Cross-dressing in music and opera|singing the female parts]] in [[duet]]s alongside esteemed figures in the [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]] realm. ''The Times of India'' further acknowledges Vaz's personal attributes. He consistently displayed a benevolent nature, readily extending assistance to emerging ''[[Tiatrist|tiatr artists]]''. Moreover, he fulfilled his roles as a husband and father, and his guidance and companionship proved invaluable to present-day ''[[tiatrist]]s''.<ref name=":0" />

==Select filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1950
|''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]''
|Lyricist
|[[Theme music]] only
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1963
|''[[Amchem Noxib]]''
|Actor
|
|-
|1969
|''Mhoji Ghorkarn''
|Lyricist
|one song
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=D’Mello |first=Pamela |date=2016-03-27 |title=Konkani filmmakers are buying themselves a dream run by going beyond the multiplex |url=https://scroll.in/reel/805738/konkani-filmmakers-are-buying-themselves-a-dream-run-by-going-beyond-the-multiplex |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|}

==Selected works==
===''Tiatrs''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1934
|''Bomboichi Ixttinn''
|Child artiste
|Debut ''tiatr''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1939
|''Jack and Mack, Tarvar Zalem Pack''
|Writer
|Debut as writer
|rowspan="5"|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|
|''Addecho Dotor''
|Writer
|
|-
|
|''Enddeanchem Noxib''
|Writer
|
|-
|
|''Ghorchem Kestanv''
|
|
|-
|
|''Bapul Bhav''
|
|
|-
|1960s
|''Bapui''
|Writer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-26 |title=BAPUI – Tiatr |url=https://tiatr.in/tiart/bapui/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|
|''Mhalgoddo Put Fulgoddo''
|Writer
|
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Ghoracho Divo''
|Writer
|
|-
|2004
|''Almachea Disa''
|
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

===Radio plays===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|
|''Visvaxi Ghorkarn''
|Writer
|
|rowspan="3"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Vizmit''
|Writer
|
|-
|
|''Ganvchi Seva''
|Writer
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=4956786}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Master}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]

The Sanctuary (Kochi)

2026-03-13T12:50:22Z

Glorywebs:

{{Short description|Base of Kerala Blasters FC}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = The Sanctuary
| image =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| location = [[Thrippunithura]] Kochi
| coordinates = {{coord|9|56|31.86|N|76|20|15.68|E|region:IN-M_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Training ground (association football)|Football training ground]]
| opened = 2025
| owner = [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
| construction_cost=
| former_names =
| website =
| tenants = [[Kerala Blasters FC]] (training) (2025-)
}}

'''The Sanctuary''' is the [[training ground]] and [[Football academy|academy]] base of the Indian [[football (soccer)|football]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC]]. The club officially announced the completion of development on 5 September 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Blasters FC is proud to announce the completion of the development of its brand new training facility. |url=https://www.facebook.com/keralablasters/videos/2284760478649894 |website=Kerala Blasters FC on Facebook}}</ref>

Located in [[Thrippunithura]] ([[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]) to the east of Kochi and north of Thrippunithura Mini Bypass Road, and covering 7140 m2, it has been used for training of senior team, academy, and reserves since 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralablastersfc.in/blasters-announce-new-training-base-the-sanctuary/|title=Blasters announce new training base, 'The Sanctuary'|website=Kerala Blasters FC}}</ref>

The land occupied by The Sanctuary is leased from the Sree Narayana Vidyapeetam Public School, Thrippunithura, on a ten year agreement. It took the club almost eighteen months to complete the construction of the facility.

The name Sanctuary reflects the spirit of Kerala Blasters. Inspired by the elephant in the club crest, a symbol of Kerala's strength & identity, it represents a safe space where players & staff can prepare, grow & thrive together.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.threads.com/@keralablasters/post/DONhxdyD52n|title=The name Sanctuary reflects the spirit of Kerala Blasters. Inspired by the elephant in the club crest|website=Kerala Blasters FC on Threads}}</ref>

==Facilities==
Apart from the pristine Bermuda grass pitch, the facility also includes dedicated spaces for: 
• recovery 
• medical care 
• performance analysis 
• meetings 
• media operations 
• dressing rooms for the players and coaches

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2025 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Kochi]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2025]]

Mahathma Gandhi College, Iritty

2026-03-10T08:44:59Z

Glorywebs: typo fix

#REDIRECT [[Kannur University#Affiliated colleges]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Sasneham

2026-03-09T17:00:20Z

Glorywebs: formatting fix

{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sasneham...
| image = Sasneham.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sathyan Anthikad]]
| producer = Castle Productions
| writer = [[A. K. Lohithadas|Lohithadas]]
| starring = [[Balachandra Menon]] [[Shobana]] [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] [[Sukumari]] [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] [[Mamukkoya]] [[Karamana Janardanan Nair]] [[Paravoor Bharathan]]
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = [[Vipin Mohan]]
| editing = K. Rajagopal
| studio = Castle Productions
| distributor = Century Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1990||}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Sasneham...''''' (translation: ''With Love'') is a 1990 [[Malayalam language]] [[family film]] written by [[A. K. Lohithadas|Lohithadas]] and directed by [[Sathyan Anthikad]]. It stars [[Balachandra Menon]], [[Shobana]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Sukumari]], [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]], [[Mamukkoya]], [[Karamana Janardanan Nair]], and [[Paravoor Bharathan]].

[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] composed the music for the film, with lyrics by P. K. Gopi. [[G. Venugopal]] won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer]] for the song "Thaane Poovitta Moham". The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Manasu Rendum Pudhusu]]'' and in Telugu as ''[[Master Kapuram]]''.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Balachandra Menon]] as Thomas Kurian aka Thomaskutty, a schoolteacher
* [[Shobana]] as Saraswathy aka Sarasu (voice dubbed by Bhagyalakshmi)
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Eenashu, Thomaskutty's brother-in-law
* [[Sukumari]] as Meenakshy Ammal, Saraswathy's aunt
* [[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Eliamma Ammachi, Thomaskutty's mother
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Srinivasa Iyer, Saraswathy's uncle
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Rosie, Thomaskutty's elder sister and Eenashu's wife
* [[Mamukkoya]] as Appukkuttan, the cook
* [[Karamana Janardanan Nair]] as Thamaraserry Kuriachan, Thomaskutty's father
* [[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Narayana Iyer, Saraswathy's father
* [[Sankaradi]] as Padmanabhan Nair, the house owner
* [[Philomina]] as Veronica, Eenashu's mother
* [[Santha Devi]] as School principal
* [[Thesni Khan]] as a nurse
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==

{{Track listing

| extra_column = Artist(s)

| headline = Track listing <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4426|title=സസ്നേഹം (1990)|website=malayalamsangeetham.info}}</ref>
| all_lyrics = [[P. K. Gopi]]
| all_music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]

| title1 = Maangalyapoovilirikkum
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:13
| title2 = Thaane Poovitta Moham
| extra2 = [[G. Venugopal]]
| length2 = 4:34
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0275654}}
{{Sathyan Anthikad}}
{{A. K. Lohithadas}}

[[Category:1990 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by A. K. Lohithadas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Johnson]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sathyan Anthikad]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kireedam (2007 film)

2026-03-08T03:00:36Z

Glorywebs: creating initial details basic info

{{for|the 1989 Malayalam film|Kireedam (1989 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kireedam
| image = Kireedam (2007 film) poster.jpg
| director = [[A. L. Vijay|Vijay]]
| writer = Vijay [[Na. Muthukumar]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Vijay
| story = [[A. K. Lohithadas]]
| based_on = ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]'' (Malayalam)
| starring = [[Ajith Kumar]] [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] [[Rajkiran]] [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]
| producer = [[Suresh Balaje]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Tirru]] [[Nirav Shah]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = Sujatha Cine Arts Adlabs Limited
| released = {{Film date|2007|07|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| gross =
}}

'''''Kireedam''''' ({{translation|Crown}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[A. L. Vijay|Vijay]] in his directorial debut. The film is the Tamil remake of the 1989 [[Malayalam]] film [[Kireedam (1989 film)|of the same name]]. It stars [[Ajith Kumar]] in the main lead role alongside [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] and [[Rajkiran]], while [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] (his Tamil debut) and [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] appear in supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], while [[Tirru]] was the cinematographer.

''Kireedam'' released on 20 July 2007. The film received positive reviews and became a commercial success at the box office. It was dubbed into Telugu as ''Poorna Market''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/poorna-market-to-release-in-april-end-tamil-news-65726.html|title=Poorna Market to release in April end - Tamil Movie News - IndiaGlitz.com|date=11 April 2011|access-date=20 March 2023|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105061933/https://www.indiaglitz.com/poorna-market-to-release-in-april-end-tamil-news-65726.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], Rajarajan, a police constable, lives with his loving family: wife Rajeswari, two sons, and two daughters. He aspires for his elder son, Sakthivel "Sakthi," to become a police [[sub-inspector]]. Rajarajan has a cordial and amiable relationship with Sakthi. Rajarajan's unwavering commitment to honesty often lands him in trouble. Meanwhile, Sakthi proposes to Divya, after a few encounters and she eventually reciprocates. Rajarajan, delighted by their love, arranges their engagement. Sakthi successfully clears his sub-inspector exams and heads to Chennai for the interview.

However, Rajarajan's life takes a turn when he reprimands an MLA's son for a traffic offense. The MLA demands an apology, but Rajarajan refuses, leading to his punishment transfer to Kodiyakkarai, under the tyrannical control of local don Varadarajan "Varadan," who dominates the harbor and instills fear among the locals. When Rajarajan arrests one of Varadan's henchmen, Varadan retaliates, beating Rajarajan. Sakthi, who happens to be at the market, intervenes to protect his father. Varadan attacks Sakthi, but Sakthi overpowers him, shattering Rajarajan's dream of making him a policeman. The villagers celebrate Sakthi's bravery. Varadan, recovered from his injuries, vows to avenge his defeat. But, he and his associates are arrested for murder charges related to the killing of Munnar Ravi. A bar fight instigated by Sakthi's friend Kumar mistakenly implicates Sakthi, further complicating his life.

Chellapandi, an associate of Varadan's rival group, collaborates with Sakthi's brother-in-law, exploiting Sakthi's popularity for personal financial gain. Sakthi confronts and beats Chellapandi and his brother-in-law for misusing his name. Sakthi's brother-in-law feigns innocence, deceiving the family and shifting the blame to Sakthi. Trusting his brother-in-law, Rajarajan, who is already concerned about Sakthi's perceived descent into criminality, he expels Sakthi from their home. Divya's parents plan to cancel her marriage with Sakthi and arrange a new groom for her. Meanwhile, Varadan's men, Maasilamani and Jayakumar are released on bail and immediately seek revenge against Sakthi, attacking him in a crowded road. Sakthi flees them but they chase him causing public disturbance. Forced to retaliate, Sakthi assaults Maasilamani and Jayakumar. Rajarajan, initially elated by Sakthi's success in the SI exam, after learning about Sakthi's brawl with Varadan's men reprimands and beats Sakthi at the police station. Rajarajan assures Divya's father that Sakthi will not interfere with their marriage plans, prompting Sakthi to sacrifice his love. With Varadan's bail impending, the inspector advises Sakthi to leave town, citing safety concerns.

Sakthi returns to Trichy, where Divya confesses her enduring love for him. She also informs him that she has not cancelled her plan to marry Sakthi. Varadan, seeking to lure Sakthi back to Kodiyakkarai, attacks Sakthi's family. Alerted by a sub-inspector, Sakthi rushes back to Kodiyakkarai, determined to settle the score with Varadan once and for all. Intentionally allowing Varadan to beat him, Sakthi hopes that Varadan will spare his family if he is killed. However, Sakthi regains the upper hand, subduing Varadan. Sakthi kills Varadan in front of Rajarajan and the police, Rajarajan asks him to surrender and a devastated Sakthi wails and Rajarajan is emotional while the police force arrest Sakthi. AsSakthi is jailed, Rajarajan informed that Sakthi is disqualified from entering the police force, citing him as a "criminal".

Alternative ending: As Sakthi kills Varadan to ensuring his family's safety, Rajarajan asks him to surrender and the devastated Sakthi wails is surrendered and arrested Despite this, the court acquits Sakthi, recognizing Varadan as a social menace and considering Sakthi's future. Ultimately, Rajarajan's dream is fulfilled as Sakthi becomes a sub-inspector.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ajith Kumar]] as Sakthivel "Sakthi"
*[[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] as Divya
*[[Rajkiran]] as Rajarajan, Sakthivel's father
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Sakthivel's brother-in-law
*[[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] as Rajeswari, Sakthivel's mother
*[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Balasubramaniam, Sakthivel's friend
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Varadarajan "Varadan"
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Chellapandi
*[[Ravi Kale]] as an Inspector
*[[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Sakthivel's grandmother
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Sub-Inspector
*[[Manobala]] as Constable Muthusamy
*[[Sathyan Sivakumar|Sathyan]] as Sakthivel's friend
*Anju Mahendran as Kumar, Muthusamy's son
*[[Bala Singh]] as Maasilamani
*Jayakumar as Jayakumar, Varadarajan's henchman
*Ravi Prakash as Divya's father
*Meena Kumari as Mullai, Sakthivel's elder sister
*Jaya Murali as Divya's mother
*[[Sudeepa Pinky|Pinky]] as Sakthivel's younger sister
*[[Vinoth Kishan|Vinoth]] as Vinoth, Sakthivel's younger brother
*[[Periya Karuppu Thevar]] as a villager
*[[Muthukaalai]] as a villager
*[[Nellai Siva]] as an auto driver
*[[Munnar Ramesh]] as Munnar Ravi, Vardarajan's former associate
*KVN Manimegalai as Munnar Ravi's wife (uncredited)
*[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] as Sakthivel's friend (uncredited)
}}

== Production ==
The film was announced in September 2006 as a collaboration between producer Balaji and Ajith, and was to be co-produced by the Mumbai-based production company Adlabs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-06-01/09-09-06-ajith.html |title=Tamil movies : Ajith in remake of Mohanlal's super-hit flick? |website=Behindwoods.com |date=2006-09-09 |access-date=2012-08-04 |archive-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006051220/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-06-01/09-09-06-ajith.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/27103.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024082701/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/27103.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2012 |title=Kireedam to be remade in Tamil - Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> Vijay, a former assistant of Malayalam director [[Priyadarshan]] (who directed Hindi remake of 'Kireedam' [[Gardish]], released in 1993) made his directorial debut with ''Kireedam'' after working as an ad film maker and chose to remake the 1989 [[Kireedam (1989 film)|film of the same name]] directed by [[Sibi Malayil]] and written by [[A. K. Lohithadas]]. [[Ajith Kumar]] was signed to appear in the lead role with [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], [[Rajkiran]], [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] and [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] also a part of the cast, while the cinematographer was [[Tirru]], music was composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] and the film was edited by [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]. Vijay revealed that he "reworked about 80 per cent" from the original version.<ref name="hinduint">{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J |date=2010-09-25 |title=Genre bender |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Genre-bender/article16048599.ece |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105154751/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Genre-bender/article16048599.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was briefly renamed ''Magudam'', before being changed again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/26821.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116003136/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/26821.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2006 |title=Ajith's movie christened as Magudam - Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date=2006-11-13 |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> The film marked comeback of production company Sujatha film Arts into film production after 17 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/film/News/2007/07article27.asp|title=Sujatha unit returns with 'Kreedam' after 17 yrs|website=Chennai Online|access-date=18 August 2024|date=19 July 2007|last=Rangaraj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014231303/http://chennaionline.com/film/News/2007/07article27.asp|archive-date=14 October 2007}}</ref>

The first schedule of shooting took place at Rajamundhry. In the 20 days schedule, some crucial scenes were shot with Ajith, which included a fight scene with Ajay Kumar who plays a rowdy here. Choreographed by stunt master Super Subbarayan, it had Ajith taking on Ajay and members of his gang. The second schedule continued in Chennai. A lavish set was erected by art director Selvakumar. A fight scene was shot here too between Ajith, Ajay Kumar and 20 stunt men who played Ajay’s henchmen. Ennore harbour was the venue of some more stunt scenes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2007/04kireedam.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125131210/http://chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2007/04kireedam.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2008|title=Kireedam|date=25 January 2008}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kireedam
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 5 June 2007
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 28:54
| label = [[Big Music (record label)|Big Music]] [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = G. V. Prakash
| prev_title = [[Oram Po]]
| prev_year = 2007
| next_title = [[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]
| next_year = 2007
}}
The album consists of six tracks, five songs and a theme music track composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]. [[Dharan (music director)|Dharan]] revealed that he had the opportunity to work for ''Kireedam'' but he could not take up the project as he was going through a tough phase then, suffering a personal loss in his family.<ref>{{cite web|title='I missed out on working with Ajith' - Dharan Kumar|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-12-02/dharan-kumar-dharan-11-11-12.html|website=Behindwoods|access-date=12 November 2012|archive-date=14 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114003403/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-12-02/dharan-kumar-dharan-11-11-12.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{track listing
|all_writing = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:54
| title1 = Akkam Pakkam 
| extra1 = [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length1 = 5:12
| title2 = Vizhiyil Un Vizhiyil
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Swetha Mohan]]
| length2 = 4:38
| title3 = Kanavellam
| extra3 = [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length3 = 5:10
| title4 = Kanneer Thuliye
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length4 = 5:20
| title5 = Vilaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu
| extra5 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length5 = 4:09
| title6 = Kireedom - Theme
| note6 = [[Instrumental]]
| length6 = 4:25
}}

==Release==
''Kireedam'' released on 20 July 2007.

===Marketing===
A game was released about the film by Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd to promote the film. In the game, the player has to help Shakti kill the gangsters while undergoing police training using different weapons. The player has to defend himself using different keys and approach the red cross to gain health. While doing this he can not let his father Rajaram catch him, which will bring the game to an end.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=4445 |title=Zapak launches game on Tamil movie Kireedam |publisher=Businessofcinema.com |date=2007-07-19 |access-date=2012-08-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324233636/http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=4445 |archive-date=2012-03-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-film-industry-to-get-a-corporate-makeover/48983-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017194508/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-film-industry-to-get-a-corporate-makeover/48983-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-17 |title=Tamil film industry to get a corporate makeover - Movies News News - IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2007-09-20 |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Kireedam'' opened to positive reviews.

[[The Hindu]], in a review of ''Kireedam'', said that "Vijay has neatly packaged a strong storyline with a sensibly balanced mix of sentiment and action. At no point does the film sag." It appreciated the lead and supporting cast: "Looking well-toned and incredibly youthful, Ajith makes a mark both with his appearance and expressions. And matching him equally in the two departments is an awesome Trisha."<ref name=hindureview>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/07/27/stories/2007072750480200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107152429/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/07/27/stories/2007072750480200.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 November 2007|title= Whose crown is it, anyway? -- Kireedam|work=The Hindu|date=2007-07-27|access-date=2008-01-08|last=Rangarajan|first=Malathi}}</ref>

Sify hailed the attempt: "For once a Tamil remake of a Malayalam classic, lives up to our expectations. ''Kireedam'' is quality cinema, one that is daringly different from the run-of-the mill superstar films that are dished out in the name of mass movies." Sify.com added, "On the whole, Kireedam is an engaging entertainer which is so rare to find these days. Go for it!"<ref name=sifyreview>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14495306&ctid=5&cid=2429|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815171055/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14495306&ctid=5&cid=2429|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-08-15|title= Kireedam|website=Sify Movies|date=2007-07-27|access-date=2008-01-08}}</ref>

Behindwoods gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars with the verdict "Complete family entertainer". It called the movie a "good realistic attempt towards meaningful cinema. But if the sluggish pace in the second half is taken care of, the movie would have been much crisper" and said that "Kreedom will categorically be Ajith's prized trophy in his film career."<ref name=bwreview>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/kreedom-movie-review.html|title=Kireedam|website=Behindwoods|access-date=2008-01-08|archive-date=15 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815070258/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/kreedom-movie-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Manasvini of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of Rajkiran and Ajith, Prakash's music, Thiru's cinematography, Antony's editing and cited director Vijay is the one who needs to shake hands. A bouquet should be given for narrating the emotional struggle of father and son with elegance and he has elevated Ajith in his debut film.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]|language=ta|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-08-05/page/80/mode/2up|title=கிரீடம் |last=மனஸ்வினி|page=80|date=5 August 2007|access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>

''Chennai Online'' wrote "Debutant director Vijay (son of producer Azhagappan and brother of hero Udaya), moves his narration fairly smoothly. While he has remained faithful to the crucial events in the original version, and to the finale, he has brought in a few changes - Like the more elaborate love track. No doubt Vijay has managed to weave them fairly neatly into the Story. But in the process, the central plot has lost out on its essence, depth and intensity. And the final product has turned out to be yet another routine simple youth versus gangster saga, and an average, run-of-the-mill entertainer".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/07kreedam.asp|date=1 August 2007|access-date=18 August 2024|title=Kreedam|first=Malini|last=Mannath|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013022011/http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/07kreedam.asp|archive-date=13 October 2007}}</ref>

The film went on to win a single Filmfare award for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer]] for [[Sadhana Sargam]]'s rendition of "Akkam Pakkam". Moreover, the film was nominated in four categories during the Vijay Awards for 2007, with Rajkiran, G. V. Prakash Kumar, Trisha and Sadhana Sargam being nominated in their respective categories.

The final scene in the film was changed after release from a sad to an upbeat ending after the producers felt that the original scene may keep audiences away.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kireedam-climax-changed-news-tamil-kkfuJFhchia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022121450/http://www.sify.com/movies/kireedam-climax-changed-news-tamil-kkfuJFhchia.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-22 |title=Kireedam- Climax changed! |website=[[Sify]] |date=2007-07-29 |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> The film consequently went on to become a profitable venture at the box office.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/08/24/stories/2007082450900100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015145938/http://hindu.com/fr/2007/08/24/stories/2007082450900100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-10-15 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=It's all about choices | date=2007-08-24}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1999910}}
{{A. L. Vijay}}
{{Kireedam}}

[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. L. Vijay]]
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2007 action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Mahamaya (film)

2026-03-06T03:42:18Z

Glorywebs: Made Basic Entry Needs Work - done

{{short description|1944 film directed by T. R. Raghunath and Elangovan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mahamaya
| image = Mahamaya film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. R. Raghunath]] Elangovan
| producer = M. Somasundaram S. K. Mohideen
| screenplay = Elangovan
| story = Elangovan
| starring = [[P. U. Chinnappa]] [[P. Kannamba]]
| music = [[S. V. Venkatraman|S. V. Venkatrama Iyer]] [[Kunnakudi Venkatarama Iyer|K. S. Venkatarama Iyer]]
| cinematography = [[Marcus Bartley]]
| editing = A. Kasilingam
| studio = [[Jupiter Pictures]]
| distributor = South India Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1944|10|16}}
| runtime = 11,000 ft.
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Mahamaya''''' ({{translation|The great illusion}}) is a 1944 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[historical drama]] film directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]], starring [[P. U. Chinnappa]] and [[P. Kannamba]]. It was released on 16 October 1944.

== Plot ==
Mahamaya, the princess of the kingdom of Gandhara and Vikram, the prince of a neighbouring kingdom happen to be pupils of the same teacher (Guru). Mahamaya garlands the sword of Vikram without knowing its implication. When a woman garlands a man's sword, according to the custom prevailed in those times, it is considered that she has become the wife of the sword owner. Vikram knows about her action. After they leave the Ashram of the teacher each marry a different person. Later, Vikram happens to meet Mahamaya. Reminding her that she has chosen him as her husband, he claims that she belongs to him. However, Mahamaya rejects his claim. Vikram abducts Mahamaya but she manage to escape from him. When she goes home, her husband refuses to accept her. Abandoned, Mahamaya kills her child and commits suicide.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |editor-last=Rajadhyaksha |editor-first=Ashish |pages=301–302 |orig-date=1994 |editor-last2=Willemen |editor-first2=Paul}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[P. U. Chinnappa]] as Vikramsimhan
* [[N. S. Krishnan]] as Singan
* [[R. Balasubramaniam|R. Balasubramanyam]] as Amarasimman
* [[D. Balasubramaniam|D. Balasubramanyam]] as Nandagupthan
* [[M. G. Chakrapani]] as Neelan
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as Jayapalan
* T. R. B. Rao as Mahipalan
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[P. Kannamba]] as Mahamaya
* [[T. A. Mathuram]] as Meera
* M. S. Saroja as Chandralekha
* M. K. Meenalochani as Manorama Devi
* [[Kusalakumari|T. D. Kusalambal]] as Bala
{{col-end}}
;Female dancers<ref name="songbook" />
* K. Varalakshmi, T. Rajbala, V. Rajeswari, K. Rajarajeswari, K. S. Sarojini, M. S. Santha, J. Kanni.

== Production ==
The film was jointly produced by M. Somasundaram and S. K. Mohideen, and directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]] and Elangovan; the latter also wrote the screenplay.<ref name="songbook" /> Cinematography was handled by [[Marcus Bartley]] and the film's operative cameraman was Jiten Banerji. Editing was done by A. Kasilingam and audiography by Dinshaw K. Tehrani. Art was handled by F. Nagoor and choreography by M. Meenakshisundaram Pillai and Pandit Bholonath Sharma.<ref name="songbook" /> Elangovan took almost a year to complete the screenplay. He was not sure how to end the story, so he wrote three endings and left the decision to the producers and the director; all three endings were filmed. The film was shot at Newton Studios.<ref name="RandorGuy" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[S. V. Venkatraman|S. V. Venkatrama Iyer]] and [[Kunnakudi Venkatarama Iyer|K. S. Venkatarama Iyer]] while the lyrics were written by T. K. Sundara Vathiyar and [[Kambadasan]].<ref name="songbook" /> Though there were 10 songs in the film only one ‘Silaye nee ennidam sung by [[P. U. Chinnappa]] was a hit.<ref name="RandorGuy" />

== Release and reception ==
''Mahamaya'' was released on 16 October 1944, and distributed by South India Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 1944 |title=Maha-Maya |pages=7 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19441016&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref> Although the film was acclaimed by critics for the acting by Kannamba and Chinnappa, audiences at that time did not accept the story because it shows a king going after another person's wife. Therefore, the film did not do well at the box office.<ref name="RandorGuy" />

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=http://mininoolaham.blogspot.com/2017/06/1944.html |title=Mahamaya |publisher=M. Saminathan |year=1944 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>
<ref name="RandorGuy">{{Cite web |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=4 September 2010 |title=Mahamaya 1944 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mahamaya-1944/article613671.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170121094239/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Mahamaya-1944/article12572634.ece |archive-date=21 January 2017 |access-date=12 October 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0258778}}

[[Category:1944 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1944 Indian films]]
[[Category:1944 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Raghunath]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Jupiter Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kunnakudi Venkatarama Iyer]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Venkatraman]]

Milap (1972 film)

2026-03-03T23:37:40Z

Glorywebs: Made Initial Details V1 - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Milap
| image = Milap.gif
| caption =
| director = [[B. R. Ishara]]
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shatrughan Sinha]]|[[Reena Roy]]|[[Danny Denzongpa]]}}
| music = Brij Bhushan, Lyrics Naqsh Lyallpuri
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1972|09|12|}}
| runtime = 111 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Milap''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1972|1972]] [[Bollywood]] [[action film]] directed by [[B. R. Ishara]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Milap |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/milap |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref> The film stars [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Reena Roy]] and [[Danny Denzongpa]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malhotra |first=A. p s |date=2017-03-31 |title=Milap (1972) |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/milap-1972/article17745665.ece |access-date=2022-03-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{no plot|date=December 2025}}

==Cast==
* [[Shatrughan Sinha]] as Ravi / Raju
* [[Reena Roy]] as Rani Chalava / Rukmani
* [[Danny Denzongpa]] as Raju
* [[Manmohan Krishna]] as Judge
* Fazlu as Raghunath
* Sarita as Radha

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Kayi Sadiyon Se" (Fast)
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Kayi Sadiyon Se" (Slow)
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Kahin Aisa Na Ho"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Bajariya Ke Beech"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Kehne Ka Raaz Hai"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|}

==Music==
The film has a popular song "Kai Sadiyon Se, Kai Janmo Se" sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0230527|title=Milap}}

[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1972 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1972 Indian films]]
[[Category:1972 action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Ishara]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{1970s-action-film-stub}}

Thikka

2026-03-03T17:56:46Z

Glorywebs: Adding Entry

{{Short description|Indian action comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thikka
| image = Sai Dharam Tej's Thikka poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sunil Reddy
| producer = Dr. Rohin Reddy
| screenplay = Sheik Dawood G.
| story = Sheik Dawood G.
| based_on =
| starring = [[Sai Dharam Tej]] Larissa Bonesi [[Mannara Chopra]]
| narrator =
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| cinematography = [[K. V. Guhan]]
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]
| studio = Sri Venkateswara Movie Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|08|13|}}
| runtime = 135 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Thikka''''' ({{translation|Frenzy}}) is 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] produced by Dr. Rohin Reddy on Sri Venkateswara Movie Makers banner and directed by Sunil Reddy. The film stars [[Sai Dharam Tej]], Larissa Bonesi and [[Mannara Chopra]], with [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], [[Ali (actor)|Ali]], and [[Vennela Kishore]] in supporting roles. The music is composed by [[S. Thaman]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-thikka.html |title=Sai Dharam Tej's Thikka movie launch |access-date=29 June 2016 |archive-date=29 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629092920/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-thikka.html |url-status=live |work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> with cinematography by [[K. V. Guhan]] and editing by [[Karthika Srinivas]].

Production began on 31 July 2015 in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. The film was released on 13 August 2016 to negative reviews from critics, who criticized the direction, storyline, irrational and confusing screenplay, and incoherent script, but praised Tej's performance. The film became a [[box office bomb]]. However, [[Mannara Chopra]] won Special Jury Award for Best Actress at [[15th Santosham Film Awards]].

==Plot==
Aditya is a booze-happy youngster who enjoys his day-to-day life until he meets a girl, Anjali, in an accident. He falls in love with her at first sight and gains her when his lifestyle changes. He relinquishes all his bad habits and acquires a job in a corporate company. She also detaches Aditya from his tomcat & alcoholic father, Manohar, and joins him in a rehabilitation center.

The twist arises when ego clashes erupt between them, and they break up. Anjali is the daughter of multimillionaire Madan Mohan, who arranges her to another wealth alliance, Jayanth. Simultaneously, in the office, Aditya is persuaded by Kapoor, who wants to give a promotion to his girlfriend Kavitha, so he possesses Aditya as an imposter before his buddy Stephen, which creates a rift.

The frustrated Aditya calls for a breakup party, where so many characters enter into his life, Starting from his father Manohar, who flees from the rehabilitation center with his amour Kamala, the daughter of a late mafia don Devraj, then a prostitute Padma in the picture, suddenly two gangs of Sadhu Bhai and Narasimha are after Aditya. A crazy game starts - they fight with some guys, destroy a restaurant, burn a petrol bunk, etc. Moreover, Anjali elopes from marriage for Aditya, and her father's men are behind him. One more beauty, Virisha, opts to sly Aditya, claiming as his ex-lover. The rest of the story is about how Aditya emerges from this crazy situation.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Sai Dharam Tej]] as Aditya
*Larissa Bonesi as Anjali
*[[Mannara Chopra]] as Virisha
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Manohar, Aditya's father
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Sadhu Bhai
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Kapoor
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Jayanth
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Inspector P. Hymanand
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Narsimha
*[[Mumaith Khan]] as Kavitha
*[[Bani J]] as Kamala
*[[Anand (actor)|Anand]] as Madan Mohan, Anjali's father
*[[Harsha Vardhan]] as Mental Doctor
*Jakki as Devraj
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Madan Mohan's henchman
*[[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] as Manchi Donga
*[[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Stephen
*[[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Ramesh Yadav
*[[Fish Venkat]] as Sadhu's henchman
*Dasanna as Constable
*Kamna Singh as Padma
* [[S. Thaman]] as [[cameo appearance]] in "Hot Shot Hero"
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thikka
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|7|30}}
| recorded = 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 19:29
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[S. Thaman]]
| prev_title = [[Srirastu Subhamastu]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]
| next_year = 2016
}}

Music composed by [[S. Thaman]]. Music released on Aditya Music Company. Audio launch held on 30 July 2016 at [[Shilpakala Vedika]], [[Hyderabad]].
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Track-List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =19:29
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Thikka
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Dhanush]]
| length1 = 3:49

| title2 = Hot Shot Hero
| lyrics2 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]
| extra2 = [[Silambarasan|Simbu]], MC Vickey
| length2 = 3:37

| title3 = Dirty Picture
| lyrics3 = Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar
| extra3 = [[Usha Uthup]], Simha
| length3 = 3:01

| title4 = Nee Kosam
| lyrics4 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra4 = [[L. V. Revanth|Revanth]], [[S. Thaman]] (Uncredited)
| length4 = 5:05

| title5 = Vellipoke
| lyrics5 = [[Neeraja Kona]]
| extra5 = S. Thaman
| length5 = 3:31
}}

==Critical reception==
The film received negative reviews from critics, praising Sai Dharam Tej's performance while heavily criticizing its story, many considering it to be very confusing and weak.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thikka-review-All-over-the-place/article14569594.ece | title=Thikka review: All over the place | newspaper=The Hindu | date=13 August 2016 | access-date=19 May 2022 | archive-date=19 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519001931/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thikka-review-All-over-the-place/article14569594.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt6001942}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2016 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about casual sex]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language action comedy films]]

Padayani

2026-03-03T09:48:48Z

Glorywebs:

{{Short description|Ritual art performed in Kerala, India}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Kottayam manimala alapra tacharikkal padayani.png|thumb|'''Alapra Thacharickal Padayani 64 Pala Bhirairavikolam''']]
[[File:Bhairavi 16 Areca palm leaf performing.jpg|thumb|A masked Padayani dancer at the [[Kottangal]] [[Devi]] Temple]]
'''Padayani''', also known '''Padeni''' (from the [[Malayalam]] word for military formations), is a traditional [[folk dance]] and a ritual art<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.padayani.com/frame/padayani.htm |title=Padayani |access-date=16 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109004112/http://www.padayani.com/frame/padayani.htm |archive-date=9 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> from the central portion of the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]]. A [[ceremonial]] dance involving masks, it is an ancient ritual performed in [[Bhagavati]] temples.<ref name="Vēṇu1990">{{cite book|last=Vēṇu|first=Ji|title=Puppetry and Lesser Known Dance Traditions of Kerala|year=1990|publisher=Natana Kairali, Research and Performing Centre for Traditional Arts|page=55}}</ref> The dance is performed in honor of [[Bhadrakaali]].<ref name=Comingup>{{cite news | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article21200.ece | title = Padayani Village coming up in Kadammanitta | first = Radhakrishnan | last = Kuttoor | date = 16 September 2009 | work = The Hindu | access-date = 20 February 2011}}</ref> Meaning, a 'row of warriors', Padayani is an art form that blends all music, dance, theatre, satire, facial masks, and paintings. It is part of worship of Bhadrakali and is staged in temples dedicated to the goddess from mid-December to mid-May.
Padayani is unique to [[central Travancore]], comprising the [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]] and [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] districts of Kerala. It is also performed in adjoining regions of Kollam, Alappuzha districts.

It is regarded as a remnant of the Dravidian forms of worship that existed before the advent of [[Brahmanism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=March 2024}} Padayani is similar to the [[Theyyam]] ritual seen in northern Kerala. The percussion instruments used in Patayani are [[patayani thappu]], [[chenda]], para and kumbham.

The padayani at [[Othera Puthukulangara Bhagawathi Temple|Puthukulangara Devi Temple in Othera]], is particularly famous famous. A Bhairavi kolam is on the last day of festival, for which 1001 barks of areca palm is used. The main festival is on nakshatra trdrah of Meena.

"Pachathappu" is the first Malayalam film based on Padayani. Pachathappu is written and directed by Anu Purushoth. It was nominated Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Art Film of 2020

==Etymology==
The term Padayani originated from Malayalam words 'Pata' meaning military and 'ani' meaning preparation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panikkar |first=K |title=M |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |year=1918 |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref>

==History and Traditions of origin==
The earliest inscription that mentions padayani is Talakkad inscription. It is dated back to 1024 CE. The inscription talks about the tax collected by village temple council and Chera king [[Chera Perumals of Makotai|Rajasimha]] (Contemporary to [[Rajendra I|Rajendra Chola]]) from christian traders of [[Manigramam]] settlement for conducting Padayani festival.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M.G.S. |title=Index to Cera Inscriptions (Perumals of Kerala): Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy - Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cera Perumals of Makolai (c. AD 800-AD 1124) |date=1972 |publisher=Cosmo Books |publication-date=1983 |pages=462 |language=English}}</ref>

Padyani is a modern form of [[Kolam Thullal]], a ritual dance, which had been performed by the [[magico-medical|magico-medicine]] men of Kerala ( The Tinta endogamous section of [[Kaniyar|Ganaka]] community ) .<ref>Wilfrid Dyson Hambly, Tribal dancing and social development:with a pref. by Charles Hose, photos., sketches and a map. 1926</ref> In olden days, this elaborate and expensive event was carried out to heal illnesses of deep psychological dysfunctions without any identifiable serious physical cause, and cases that seemed to be not amenable to medical modalities of intervention .<ref>Chummar Choondal A folk literature 1980</ref> This form of psychic or spiritual healing other wise known as Kolam Thullal, was solely designed, controlled and performed by the Tinta sub sect of the [[Kaniyar|Ganaka]] community, as a method of exorcism<ref>Ananda Lal The Oxford companion to Indian theatre 2004</ref> The folk art, Padayani made its development from this dance performance, as a divine ritual tradition in association with festival occasions of Bhagavathy ([[Bhadrakaali]]) temples of Kerala.<ref>Mārg̲: Volume 19Modern Architectural Research Group 1965</ref><ref>Manorma SharmaFolk India: a comprehensive study of Indian folk music and culture2004</ref>

Another version of its origin is related to the practice of ancient martial arts training in Kerala. Since the origin of term 'padayani' relates to military parade or rows of army, it is generally believed that it is evolved from a symbolic past reminiscent of the fencing march of the martial art ([[Kalari]]) by the [[Nair]] soldiers and their [[Kalari Panicker|Kalari Asaans]].<ref>Subodh Kapoor The Indian Encyclopaedia: : Volume 1 .2002. Page 2431</ref><ref>Shovana NarayanFolk dance traditions of India2004</ref><ref>Pietro BardiIndian folklore research journal: Issues 2-5 National Folklore Support Centre (India) 2002</ref> Eventually the responsibilities of various functions related to this dance were divided and assigned among people of different communities.
So the [[Nair]] folk became the performers of the modern form of Padayani art, but the right of writing lyrics, the design and making of elaborate costumes was vested with the [[Ganaka|Kaniyar]] people. Nowadays the modern form of Padayani is performed at many Devi temples in the southern region of Kerala, particularly in Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Alappuzha and Kollam Districts.

==Design and performance==
[[File:101 Pala Bhairavi Kolam.jpg|thumb|101 Pala Bhairavi Kolam]]
Padayani is very popular in Kerala, India, as a means, used to worship goddess [[Bhadrakali|Bhadra Kali]].

After the kolam thullal dancing ends, there is ritual called Pooppada which is the end of the padayani festival. After that, the days of colours will be over and the colourful memories will be in the minds.

The waiting for the next padayani starts with a prayer for the wellness of all world.

In 2007, plans were put forward to implement a proposal by poet [[Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan]] to create a Padayani Village to promote the dance form.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072952000300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629024353/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072952000300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2011 |title=Padayani village proposed |date=29 July 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=20 February 2011}}</ref> As of 2009, the first such village is expected to be built in the poet's hometown of [[Kadammanitta]] at a cost of Rs. 1.9 [[crore]].<ref name=Comingup/> A chief exponent of Padayani is Prof. [[Kadammanitta Vasudevan Pillai]]. His association and acquaintance with [[Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan]] has led to many literary contributions. His Literary work "Padayaniyude Paalakolangal" and "Padayani" is an authoritative work on Kerala Folklore with special reference to Padayani. In 2010, a padayani village was established at Kadammanitta, historically a major centre of padayani performances, with museums and tourist facilities to promote the form.

==Elanthoor Padayani==
"[[Elanthoor]] Padayani" is being performed along with 8 days long Padeni maholtsavam at [[Elanthoor]] [[Bhagavathikunnu Devi Temple]] during February–March month of every year (Malayalam month of {{Transliteration|ml|italic=no|kumbam}})(starts on makayiram naal). 8th day from makayiram naal is the grand padeni or Valya Padeni. Large crowd on valya padeni's procession is a main attraction follows kaappoli program. Main kolams are Ganapathi, Pishaachu, Sivakolam, Marutha, Koottamarutha, Rudra Marutha, Naayattu, Kuthira, Pakshi, Sundara Yekshi, Anthara Yekshi, Maya Yekshi, Arakki Yekshi, Erinaaga Yekshi, Maadan, Karinkkaali, Kaalankolam, Nina Bhairavi, Bhairavi, Kaanjiramaala and Mangala Bhairavi. Other performances include Velakali, Thaavadi, Pulavrittham, Pooppada and various types of Vinodhams such as Kaakkarashi Drama, Paradeshi, Sharkarakudam, Ammumma, Pattarum Pennum, Ooraali, Pulayan, Naadukaani, etc.

==Kottangal Padayani==
"[[Kottangal]] Padayani" is being performed along with the 8 ([[Ettu padayani]]) days from a total of 28 days during January - February ([[Makara Bharani]]). This is performed every year at [[Kottangal Devi Temple]] located in the boundary of Kottayam and Pathanamthitta Districts. The last 8 days are important with the performance of different Kolams and other traditional programs.
The padayani is done by two Karas (areas which contains different sub areas) [[Kottangal]] and [[Kulathur, Pathanamthitta|Kulathoor]]. The Last 8 days are equally divided to two karas that is 4 for each. The last two days ([[Valiya Padayani]]) are most important for both Karas and they conduct programs in a competitive manner. Beautiful Processions will be there on the evening of last two days. The main programs include vela Kali, Adavi, Pallippana, Vellam Kudi, vinodam and kolam Thullal. The kolams performed in the padayani are Ganapathi Kolam, Kuthira, Bhairavi, Sundara Yakshi, Araki Yakshi, Marutha, Pakshi, Kalamadan and Kalan Kolam.

==Kadammanitta Padayani==
"[[Kadammanitta]] Padayani"
The festival is celebrated every year from the first day of Malayalam month medam to the 10th day, called the pathamudayam. Medam 8th is popular for Grand padayani (Vellya Padeni) when all "kolams" under padayani will be performed by experts, and large number of people interested, from all over the country as well as a few foreigners who are regular visitors every year will come to see the magnificent performances, apart from many prominent cultural and social leaders.

Padayani is being performed as an offering to Goddess [[Kali]] ([[Devi]]) and often portrays the story of Goddess winning victory over [[Daarikan]], an evil character. This ritual festival is famous in Kadammanitta village in [[Pathanamthitta]] district.

The main aspect of the festival of Kadammanitta Padayani is the aspect of devotion to God and is a mark of homage paid to Goddess Bhagavathy, who is symbolized as a Mother Goddess. The festival which is marked by worship of the all powerful Mother Goddess is an exhibition of passionate devotion to the Goddess who is worshipped as a Mother figure throughout the province of Kerala. A festival which is celebrated for ten days throughout this tropical paradise is a massive display of color and the elegance which stems naturally from a culture dating back to several years in antiquity. The festival is also marked by the performance of the Patayani, a popular dance form which is an intrinsic part of the celebrations of Kadammanitta Padayani. Traditionally performed on the eight day of the festival, the Patayani indicates an offering to Goddess Kali, in whose honor, the festival is celebrated. The festival is also auspicious as it marks the victory of Kali over Daariken, an evil character and the renewal of protection of the Goddess on human beings.

At Kadammanitta Devi Kshethram- First two days are the ceremonial rituals (9.pm-30mts) to start the Padayani. The presence of Goddess is evoked to the Padayani performing ground by folk songs and drumming Thappu. From third day onwards Padayani Kolam like Ganapathi, Marutha, Pakshi, Kalan, Sundara Yekshi, Bhairavi, Kanjiramala etc. are staged. (11 pm-4am). On the sixth day (19 Apr) night is Adavi, a ritual where a Palmyra tree is brought and mounts it on the ground, after some rituals the tree is then pushed down. On 21 April is Valiya padayani, the most important day of the festival. During the full night performance (12 nt to 6am), about 15 variety Kolams are staged including Maya yakshi, Anthara yakshi, Arakki yakshi, Kurathi kolam, Shiva kolam, Kanjhiramala and Mangala Bhairavi. There is no performance on ninth day. The concluding day performance is in the morning (11am-12.20pm).  Apart from Folk songs, a type of folk dance called Pulavrutham and Thavadi is also performed. A grand procession is the conducted (4.30pm- 6.30pm) through the streets of the village with Jeevatha, accompanied by Velakali, kavadi, Melam, Panchavadyam etc. A similar procession (Vilakku ezhunnallippu) is conducted in the temple compound during night (11.30pm to 2 hrs) with [[Thalappoli]] etc.

==Kurampala Padayani==
"[[Kurampala]] Padayani" is being performed once in five years. Adavi (human Sacrifice Festival) is a main ritual of Kurampala.

==Kallooppara Padayani==
"[[Kallooppara]] Padayani" is being performed at Kallooppara Devi Temple in Kallooppara village, 8 kilometers from [[Thiruvalla]], located between Thiruvala and [[Mallappally]]. It is held in the month of February–March (Kumbha maasam) as part of the Kumbhabharani festival. Here, Padayani is celebrated in Revathy and Aswathy of Kumbha Masam. Several artists perform this art as a worship to the Goddess, Bhadrakali. The main Kolams performed are Yakshi, Pakshi, Marutha, Bhairavi and Kalan Kolam. Along with these, Vinodam also being performed.

==Kadalimangalam Padayani==
Padayani is conducted in the Kadalimangalam Devi Temple, in Kuttoor village in Thiruvalla every year during the months of March and April. The ten-day-long festival is conducted by the people of two local karas, namely Eruvellipara and Venpala. The rare and great Padayani Kolam, namely 'KALAYAKSHI', is performed here. It is the right of two families, namely Mukkanjirathu and Pullenplavil of the two karas, to perform this 'KALAYAKSHI KOLAM'.

==Kunnamthanam Padayani==
"[[Kunnamthanam padayani]]" being performed at [[Kunnamthanam]], a village in [[Thiruvalla]] along with Pathamudaya Maholsavam at Madathilkavu Bhagavathi Temple.{{Clarify|reason=incomplete sentence|date=February 2019}} It is being said that the padayani season in a year starts with Vrishchikam (November–December) at thelliyoorkavu and ends in month of Medam (March–April) at Kunnamthanam Madathilkavu temple.
Gothrakalapeedom is an organization dedicated to providing training and promoting projects involving Padayani, a folk art form of Kerala. It is located at Kunnamthanam, a nature-rich village in Thiruvalla.It was formed in 2004 aiming to bring back Padayani, a long lost ritual of the village temple "Madathilkavu Devi Kshetram". The ‘arangetram’ of the first batch trained by Tharanamuriyil Vasudevan Pillai asan was in the year 2005
Gothrakalapeedom was successful in its efforts and became well established, extending the activities to make Padayani renowned across the world, to assist research works on the history of Padayani and to implement welfare programmes for Padayani artistes. Active participation of the local people in its efforts contribute to the success of the organization. It also focuses on the promotion of age-old temple rituals of Kerala like the Kalamezhuth and Mudiyettu. These ritual art forms, unlike many other art forms of Kerala receive the whole-hearted involvement of the local people, which makes them stand apart. The artists of Gothrakalapeedom have performed at various temples and platforms for cultural collaborations across Kerala. The Kunnamthanam Padayani is one among the earliest Padayanis of Central Travancore. The ritual is observed in association with the Madathilkavu Bhagavathy Temple. The Padayani was presented for 8 days from Medam 3 to Medam10. The real architects of the Kunnamthanam Padayani, the Sage like Kanppettil Narayanakurup Asan, Allimangalathu Krishna Pilla Asan, Kamukumcheril Kunjunni Kurup Asan, were its real torch bearers. The Padayani discontinued from 1952 was ritualised again in 2005. The Kunnamthanam Padayani owes its birth to the Gothrakalapeedom, a renowned training group for rituals and folklore. Tharanamuryil T.K. Vasudevan Pilla Asan was instrumental in recreating the Kunnamthanam Padayani by keeping intact its old rites.

Five Ganapathykolams in the guise of Pisachu dancing in the Kalam (ground), the imagery of the sky bound Ambarayakshy descending in a chariot as Chattathelyakshy, and the Devathakolam, resembling the Madthilkkavil Bhagavathy are exclusive features of the Kunnamthanam Padayani .

The Padayani is observed annually on Medam 7 (20 April).
Madathilkkavu Bhagavathy Temple, situated, is accessible from Thiruvalla (12 km) and Changanacherry (11 km).

===Myth===
A very destructive war between the devas (gods) and the asuras (anti-gods) left only two women, Danavathi and Darumathi, with the asura class. Left to themselves they practiced tapasya (devotion penance) to please Brahma the creator. By his blessings each begot a son, Danava and Darika. When Darika came of age Darumathi narrated to him the sad tale of the defeat and destruction of their class by the devas. She exhorted him to do penance to please Brahma and obtain powers with which he should retrieve the lost glory of their class. Darika performed arduous tapasya, which Brahma could not ignore, and he blessed him with such powers as may shield him from harm by man or god night and day. Brahma bestowed him with the mighty rod of Brahma, a weapon of great destructive potential. But an arrogant turn by the asura enraged Brahma who added to his devotee’s luck death by a divine damsel.
Darika with the help of the supernal architect Maya built a splendid palace on the shores of the western sea and proclaimed protection and honor to all the surviving members of his class scattered and hiding. With their help he reconstituted the asura army, fought with Indra the chief of gods, and defeated him. Darika didn't stop with this. He took intermittent military excursions into the territories of the devas and became a perpetual menace to them. The gods in distress petitioned to Vishnu the great god of preservation who directed them to Shiva who told them that only a goddess of extraordinary prowess could slay Darika.Thus Brahma created Brahmi, Vishnu created Vaishnavi and Shiva Maheswari, Indra Indrani, Subrahmanya Kumari, and Yama Varahi. Their combined effort could not, however, vanquish Darika. Then fate in the form of Narada, the celestial monk, came in Darika’s way.

The haughty asura reproached the saint and threatened to kill him. The distressed Narada went to Kailasa and complained to Shiva about the demonic behaviour. The infuriated Shiva created Bhadrakali out of his third eye and assigned to her the task of destroying the asura. In the battle that followed Bhadrakali killed Darika’s minister. Provoked, Darika decided to confront Kali, but before going to the battlefield he transferred all the powerful mantras (hymns of invocation) to his wife. Darika used the rod of brahma forcing Kali to retreat. Goddess Kartyayani, an ally of Kali, who knew that Darika was no more the sole owner of the mantras of his success, tricked the asura’s wife disguising herself as an innocent Brahmin girl. With all the powerful mantras of the opponent now with her, Kali fought with Darika and on the twenty-second day she captured the rod of Brahma, cut her opponent's head and slaked her thirst with his blood. Kali’s fury raged even after the war ended. Her army of goddesses and phantoms, terrified at the unusual anger of their leader, fled the field and sought refuge in Shiva.Shiva proposed several modes of entertainment to cool her down. Dance, music, comic dialogues and mime were tried but all in vain. But when Lord Subrahmanya drew her furious form on the ground, and then acted her out with gorgeous accoutrement and rhythmic movement, Kali was amused and pleased. This, in brief, is the story behind Padayani.

Mythical narratives of this sort that form background to art forms like Padayani are also ground for the founding of certain ethics. During succeeding stages of social change meanings were attached ‘figures’ – acted out with the help of accoutrement and designs drawn on the floor. The ‘figures’(Kolam in Malayalam) became signifiers with signifieds lying in the religious system that was developing alongside the social system. Padayani, as it is known today, has, apart from its artistic function, the function of relieving the social group of ‘spirits’ that malign body and soul. Each Kolam has a purpose and a meaning, its function is not individual but social.

==See also==
* [[Theyyam]]

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.padayani.com/ Padayani.com], a website dedicated for Padayani

==Further reading==
* Gopalakrishnan, K.K. (2010) ''Study of Padayani'' CHOOTTUPADAYANI — Folklore Study: B. Ravikumar; Rainbow Book Publishers, Chengannur-689124. BHAIRAVIKOLAM - B.Ravikumar:
* Ashok Kumar Elanthoor's "PRAKRUTHIYUDE MUGHAM PAALAKOLANGALIL", "KAALANKOLATTHINTE ARTHATHALANGAL" & "PADENIYILE KAANAPPURANGAL".

{{Culture of Kerala}}{{Dance in India}}{{Commons category|Padayani}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu dance traditions]]
[[Category:Ritual dances]]
[[Category:Dances of Kerala]]

Grahan (film)

2026-03-03T03:56:53Z

Glorywebs: created a article!

{{short description|2001 film by Shashilal K. Nair}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Grahan
| image = Grahan.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Shashilal K. Nair]]
| producer = Avinaash Adik Prakash Jaju [[Ayesha Shroff]] [[Jackie Shroff]]
| writer = Shashilal K. Nair
| narrator =
| starring = [[Jackie Shroff]] [[Manisha Koirala]]
| music = [[Karthik Raja]]
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar]]
| editing = Waman Bhonsle
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2001|02|16|df=y}}
| runtime = 140 min
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}5 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=701|title=Grahan – Movie|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}1.43 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Grahan''''' ([[English language|English]]: ''Eclipse'') is a 2001 Indian [[crime drama film]] directed by [[Shashilal K. Nair]], starring [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Manisha Koirala]] and [[Raghuvaran]]. The film follows the story of Parvati, a rape victim who quests for justice, and learns that it is not such a simple task.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/grahan/hindi/grahan-movie-reviews-233-2.html|title=Grahan review: Grahan (Hindi) Movie Review - fullhyd.com}}</ref><ref name=Rediff>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/feb/16grahan.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: Grahan finally makes it to the marquee|website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The widowed Chief Minister Jagdish Acharya lives an opulent lifestyle along with his daughter, Sunita and son, Sanjay. One day he gets a phone call from the Police Commissioner informing him that a woman named Parvati has filed a F.I.R. ([[First Information Report]]) of rape against Sanjay. A shocked Jagdish instructs the Police Commissioner to proceed according to law. Soon after, while touring, Jagdish has a heart attack and dies. Sunita is asked to be the new Chief Minister and she accepts.

After the funeral the Police arrest Sanjay, hold him in a cell, and try him in court. Sunita's boyfriend, advocate Jaggan Sinha, whose brother, Raghu, is also a lawyer, represents Sanjay. Jaggan examines the evidence, witnesses and the complainant. He proves that the complaint was politically motivated by a journalist named Vidyarthi and that there was no evidence of rape. The Judge rules in favour of Sanjay and he is set free.

While the Archarya family celebrates Sanjay's release, Parvati's ensuing marriage with Bhaskar is called off by his parents and relatives due to the stigma on Parvati.

In the meanwhile, Jaggan finds out that Sanjay did indeed abduct and rape Parvati. Jaggan decides to reopen the case, much to the chagrin of Sunita and her brother. Sunita decides to support her brother and breaks-off with Jaggan.

Jaggan takes on the responsibility of caring for Parvati and takes her to a far off country house and also gets her mentally treated for her trauma. Parvati recovers and returns to the city.

She learns of the swearing-in ceremony of Sanjay and shoots at him during the ceremony. Parvati is arrested and jailed. Sunita does not want Jaggan to defend Parvati but Jaggan goes ahead and fights the case and wins it: Sanjay had died due to heart attack and not due to Parvati's shot. Parvati is acquitted and Bhaskar accepts Parvati and they get married. Jaggan and Sunita also reconcile.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Advocate Jagan Sinha "Jaggu"
* [[Manisha Koirala]] as Parvati Shastri "Paro"
* Anupama Verma as Sunita Acharya
* Prasad Purandare as Sanjay Acharya
* [[Raghuvaran]] as Advocate Raghu Sinha
* [[Raj Zutshi]] as Bhaskar, Parvati's fiancé
* [[Achyut Potdar]]
* [[Chandrakant Gokhale]] as Parvati's Father
* [[Ranjit Kapoor]]
* Mirchandani
* Shashi Sharma
* Rahman Naushad
* Uday Dhruv
* [[Purnima (Hindi actress)|Poornima]]
* [[Anant Jog]] as Inspector Shinde
* [[Ravi Patwardhan]] as Vidyarthi
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Grahan
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Karthik Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = September 1997 (India)
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Time Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The songs in the film have been composed by [[Karthik Raja]] and the lyrics are written by [[Mehboob (lyricist)|Mehboob]] and [[Ila Arun]]. "Aaj Main Khush Hoon" is based on his uncredited composition "Netru Vandha Kaatru" from ''[[Kanmani (film)|Kanmani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grahan |url=https://myswar.co/album/grahan-2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326023454/https://myswar.co/album/grahan-2001 |archive-date=26 March 2025 |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=MySwar}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aaj Main Khush Hoon"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Ae Sochta Hai Kya"
| Asha Bhosle, Hariharan
|-
| "Chup Chup Chup Chup"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]]
|-
| "Kehte Hain Jisko Mohabbat"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], Abhijeet
|-
| "Nacho Jaise"
| Kavita Krishnamurthy
|-
| "Disco Rap"
| [[Dominique Cerejo]]
|-
| "Yeh Muniya" (Happy)
| [[Ila Arun]]
|-
| "Yeh Muniya" (Sad)
| Ila Arun
|-
|}

==Critical response==
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[IndiaFM]] gave the film one star out of five, writing, "On the whole, GRAHAN is a weak film in all respects. Lack of proper publicity, not-too-hot star cast and dull initial response will prove unfavourable for the film."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/grahan-2/critic-review/grahan-2-movie-review/|title=Grahan Review 1/5 | Grahan Movie Review | Grahan 2001 Public Review | Film Review|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 February 2001 }}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] wrote, "Grahan doesn't give any sign of being a long-in-the-making project. In a nutshell, Grahan misfires for the want of a tight script and hard-hitting characters."<ref name=Rediff/>

== Accolades ==
*[[Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent]] - Karthik Raja<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/visitors-1/aug-12-04/karthik-raja-ilayaraja-22-08-12.html | title=The Journey of Karthik Raja, Son of Ilayaraja - Tamil Visitor Coloumn - Karthik Raja | Ilayaraja | Rettai Suzhi | Ullasam | Veesum Kaatrukku | Para Para Kili | Chellame Chellam | Pandiyanin Rajiyathil | Pandiyan }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0275381}}

[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2001 drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Karthik Raja]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]

Maayavan

2026-03-03T03:20:43Z

Glorywebs: Made The Data W/ Refs - done

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by C. V. Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mayavan (2017).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Kumar]]
| producer = C. V. Kumar
| screenplay = [[Nalan Kumarasamy]]
| story = C. V. Kumar
| starring = [[Sundeep Kishan]] [[Lavanya Tripathi]]
| music = [[Mohamaad Ghibran|Ghibran]]
| cinematography = [[Gopi Amarnath]]
| editing = [[Leo John Paul]]
| studio = [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Studio Green]] Abi & Abi Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|12|14|ref1=}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Maayavan''''' ({{translation|The Wizard}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[science fiction]] [[thriller film]] co written, produced and directed by [[C. V. Kumar]]. The film stars [[Sundeep Kishan]] and [[Lavanya Tripathi]] while [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Daniel Balaji]], [[Mime Gopi]], [[R. Amarendran]], [[Bagavathi Perumal]], and [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] play supporting roles. The film features music composed by [[Mohamaad Ghibran|Ghibran]], cinematography by [[Gopi Amarnath]], and editing by [[Leo John Paul]]. The film was launched in February 2016 and released on 14 December 2017. It was dubbed in Telugu as ''Project Z''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 September 2017 |title=Sundeep Kishan's sci-fi flick, Project Z to release on September 15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sundeep-kishans-sci-fi-flick-project-z-to-release-on-september-15/articleshow/60323979.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915015847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sundeep-kishans-sci-fi-flick-project-z-to-release-on-september-15/articleshow/60323979.cms |archive-date=15 September 2017 |access-date=12 January 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=May 2024}}
The film commences with the demise of Pramodh ([[R. Amarendran]]), a prominent neurologist. His gym trainer Dheena ([[Sai Dheena]]) is seen paying respects at the funeral before leaving. The plot then shifts to a young crime inspector named Kumaran ([[Sundeep Kishan]]), who is chasing a petty thief and witnesses Dheena murdering his wife. Kumaran chases Dheena, who corners him and halts him with a blow to his head. In an ensuing tussle, Kumaran manages to kill Dheena.

A meeting with psychiatrist Aadhirai ([[Lavanya Tripathi]]) ends on a rough note when she deems him medically unfit to rejoin the police force. Later, when he faces symptoms which attribute to [[PTSD]], he mends his ways with Aadhirai, who helps him overcome his disorder. A second murder happens in which a famous actress, Vishma ([[Akshara Gowda]]), is killed. Kumaran visits the spot and gets stressed and shocked upon finding similar bloodstains from the earlier murder and the same brand of cigarette smoked by the murderer. Aadhirai finds him, treats his PTSD, and helps him recover. Kumaran meets with Rudhran ([[Daniel Balaji]]) and introduces Aadhirai to him as a motivational speaker. Kumaran, now fitter, sets out his investigation and finds that a makeup man named Gopi ([[Mime Gopi]]) must have done the murder as he is the prime suspect. Upon investigation, he gets to know that Gopi and Dheena showed a different behavior a few days before they committed the murders. Kumaran tracks down Gopi, but the latter jumps to his death before confessing anything.

The next murder happens, and the victim is another scientist named Narayanan (Kathi Ravi). Kumaran tries to find shreds of evidence in Narayanan's home and finds a book written by Rudhran. Thinking that Rudhran might know the scientist, Kumaran visits his office and finds that his behavior has changed. His dog starts to bark at him, and he has also started to smoke recently, that too the same cigarette brand that was found in the earlier murders. Kumaran deduces that some strange thing is happening, and Rudhran could either be murdered or become the next murderer. He nabs Rudhran after the latter shows his more ruthless and cold-blooded side when he kills his dog. Kumaran takes Rudhran into custody. While signing on the FIR, Rudhran signs a different name but corrects it to his sign. Kumaran notices this and finds out that the first sign was signed "Pramodh".

A brief investigation reveals that Pramodh is a late colleague of Narayanan. They worked together at the Indian Institute of Neurosciences. Velayudham ([[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]), a senior official, reveals that Pramodh was involved in a program called Project Maayavan, which could enable a person to store their memories into a hard drive, which can be transferred to another individual by injecting a gel which would house millions of nanotransmitters. When injected into the brain, these transmitters will attach to the neurons. When the person dies, their memories could be transmitted to another individual whose brain would already have been injected with the gel. The memories of the new person will first be erased, and the old person's memories will be transferred via the transmitters. This way, the person (their memories) will not die and will instead live forever.

To prove his theory, Pramodh works day and night. During this experiment, he sends a patient into a coma but is not bothered about human life and instead wants to succeed in his mission. After Narayanan becomes the Director of the Indian Institute of Neurosciences, he stops Pramodh's project. Pramodh uses himself as the subject, transfers his memories in a hard drive, and commits suicide. Once he dies, his memories get transferred to Dheena, Gopi, and then Rudhran. Kumaran solves this and finds that the next target is Army general Major Sathyan ([[Jackie Shroff]]).

Pramodh, who is living in Rudhran's body, commits suicide and arrives in Sathyan's brain. Sathyan invites Kumaran and says that his technology will let him live for more than 1000 years, and no one can stop him. With a clue from Pramodh's wife, Kumaran finds his secret lab where Pramodh has his memories stored. Pramodh successfully retrieves the hard drive containing his memories, which includes blackmailing and later killing Kumaran's friend Karna ([[Bagavathi Perumal]]). He then kidnaps Velayudham and goes to the institute lab to let him switch to another body. Kumaran tracks him down, and a gunfight ensues. Finally, Kumaran realizes that Aadhirai is the next subject. If Sathyan dies, then Pramodh's memories will transfer to Aadhirai's body, leaving Kumaran with a difficult choice.

20 years later, Kumaran is happily married to Aadhirai, who is celebrating her 40th birthday with their son. It is shown that Kumaran has trapped Sathyan in his basement and has kept him alive.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sundeep Kishan]] as Inspector Kumaran
*[[Lavanya Tripathi]] as Dr. Aadhirai (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]])
*[[Jackie Shroff]] as Major Sathyan
*[[Daniel Balaji]] as Ruthran
*[[Mime Gopi]] as Gopi
*[[R. Amarendran]] as Pramodh
*[[Bagavathi Perumal]] as Sub-Inspector Karna
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Velayudham
*[[Akshara Gowda]] as Vishma
*[[K. S. Ravikumar]] as Minister
*[[K. S. G. Venkatesh]] as Kumaran's father
*Karpagam as Kumaran's mother
*[[Sai Dheena]] as Dheena
*[[Jeeva Ravi]] as DIG Ravikumar
*Kathi Ravi as Narayanan
*[[Idhayathai Thirudathey (TV series)|Navin Kumar]] as Constable Moorthy
*[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yamuna Chinnadurai]] as Subha
*Rajie Vijay Sarathy as Mrs. Pramodh
*[[Supergood Subramani]] as Constable Muthukumar
*Tamil Selvi as Velayudham's wife
*Manimegalai as Dheena's mother
}}

== Production ==
Film producer [[C. V. Kumar]] began his first directorial project in June 2014 and signed on [[Naveen Chandra]] to play the lead role. The film began production during the same month and was titled ''Mayavan'', with [[K. S. G. Venkatesh]] also signed on to play a pivotal role. [[Santhosh Narayanan]] was revealed to be the film's music composer and the launch event was attended by a few of the producer's close friends.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-05 |title='Would Like to Play Dad to Young Kollywood Actors' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Would-Like-to-Play-Dad-to-Young-Kollywood-Actors/2014/08/05/article2364557.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427173410/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Would-Like-to-Play-Dad-to-Young-Kollywood-Actors/2014/08/05/article2364557.ece |archive-date=2016-04-27 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=2014-09-02 |title=Reluctant King Maker: The CV Kumar Interview |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/reluctant-king-maker-cv-kumar-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170706193259/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/reluctant-king-maker-cv-kumar-interview/ |archive-date=2017-07-06 |access-date=4 July 2016 |work=Silverscreen.in |language=en}}</ref> The film was later delayed and subsequently shelved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2014 |title=C V Kumar dons director's hat |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/C-V-Kumar-dons-director%25E2%2580%2599s-hat/2014/06/23/article2294359.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427172836/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/C-V-Kumar-dons-director%25E2%2580%2599s-hat/2014/06/23/article2294359.ece |archive-date=2016-04-27 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

C. V. Kumar began working on the film again during September 2015, when it was announced that [[Sundeep Kishan]] would replace Naveen in the lead role, while Kumar would produce the film alongside the studio, [[Studio Green]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-19 |title=Producer C V Kumar Turns Director in Oct |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Producer-C-V-Kumar-Turns-Director-in-Oct/2015/09/19/article3035069.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120184634/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Producer-C-V-Kumar-Turns-Director-in-Oct/2015/09/19/article3035069.ece |archive-date=2015-11-20 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Kumar revealed that he had also approached [[Vijay Sethupathi]] to play the lead role, but his unavailability prompted him to sign on Sundeep. The team initially tried to sign actress [[Lavanya Tripathi]] to play the lead female role, but her busy schedule meant that the team went on to hold unsuccessful negotiations with actresses [[Keerthy Suresh]] and [[Amyra Dastur]] for the role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamal |first=S S |date=27 Oct 2015 |title=Amyra Dastur in CV Kumar movie |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mumbai-lass-amyra-dastur-kollywood-impressed-anegan-dhanush-movie/articleshow/49557737.cms? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212144656/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mumbai-lass-amyra-dastur-kollywood-impressed-anegan-dhanush-movie/articleshow/49557737.cms |archive-date=12 December 2025 |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Taapsee Pannu]] then signed on to appear in the leading female role, while Kumar worked on the script alongside [[Nalan Kumarasamy]], who wrote the venture's dialogues and screenplay. However, the film became delayed further and evaded its starting date in October.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2015 |title=Nalan pens the script for CV Kumar's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nalan-pens-the-script-for-CV-Kumars-film/articleshow/50181270.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211222607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nalan-pens-the-script-for-CV-Kumars-film/articleshow/50181270.cms |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Tripathi later became available and signed on to play the leading female role after Pannu became busy with her commitments in Hindi films during February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2016 |title=Lavanya replaces Taapsee in CV Kumar's film |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/180216/lavanya-replaces-taapsee-in-cv-kumar-s-film.html |access-date=4 July 2016 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-12 |title=Lavanya Tripathi in C.V. Kumar's directorial debut |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/lavanya-tripathi-in-c-v-kumars-directorial-debut/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216103347/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/lavanya-tripathi-in-c-v-kumars-directorial-debut/ |archive-date=2016-02-16 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was officially launched in mid February 2016, with [[Ghibran Vaibodha|Ghibran]] announced as the film's composer and [[Gopi Amarnath]] as the cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2016 |title=Sundeep Kishan dons khaki in C.V. Kumar's 'Mayavan' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/sundeep-kishan-dons-khaki-in-c-v-kumars-mayavan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218200218/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/sundeep-kishan-dons-khaki-in-c-v-kumars-mayavan/ |archive-date=18 February 2016 |access-date=2016-07-04 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> [[Daniel Balaji]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Bagavathi Perumal]], and [[Mime Gopi]] were also added to the cast, as the film began production in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-16 |title=C V Kumar's Film Titled Mayavan |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/C-V-Kumars-Film-Titled-Mayavan/2016/02/16/article3280587.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217091629/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/C-V-Kumars-Film-Titled-Mayavan/2016/02/16/article3280587.ece |archive-date=2016-02-17 |access-date=2016-07-04 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[Ghibran Vaibodha|Ghibran]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY3N-ox1tik |title=Maayavan Official Full Songs {{!}} C.V.Kumar {{!}} Sundeep Kishan, Lavanya Tripathi, Jackie Shroff {{!}} Ghibran |date=2017-04-17 |last=Think Music India |author-link=Think Music |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240727000641/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY3N-ox1tik |archive-date=27 July 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Maayavan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ghibran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:06
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label =
| producer = [[Ghibran]]
| prev_title = [[Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Chennai 2 Singapore]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 13:06
| title1 = Mella Mella Sollava
| lyrics1 = Soundararajan K
| extra1 = [[Shweta Subram]], [[Abby V]]
| length1 = 4:51
| title2 = Maya Masthava
| lyrics2 = Sikkander
| extra2 = Marana Gaana Viji
| length2 = 3:15
| title3 = Bodhai Poo
| lyrics3 = Vivek
| extra3 = Ghibran, Sharanya Gopinath
| length3 = 5:00
}}

== Release ==
The film was release on 14 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=941500000831356928 |user=sri50 |title=Thank U Ramesh, corrected. Friday Dec 15-Releases : Tamil 1. #Aruvi 2. #BrammaDotCom 3. #Chennai2Singapore 4.#KidaaVirunthu 5.#Maayavan (Dec 14) 6.#KidaaVirunthu |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |access-date=13 December 2025}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 stating, "One of the best things about Maayavan is how it manages to keep us guessing until it reveals the killer".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=2017-12-15 |title=Maayavan Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maayavan/movie-review/62069467.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116073151/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maayavan/movie-review/62069467.cms |archive-date=16 January 2018 |access-date=2019-03-28 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[Film Companion]]'', "CV Kumar has terrific instincts as a producer — he single-handedly created a parallel economy from sensible, stylish, low-budget cinema. But as a filmmaker, he's functional at best."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=16 January 2018 |title=Maayavan Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/maayavan-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111145636/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/maayavan-movie-review |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

==Sequel==
In May 2024, a sequel was announced titled ''MaayaOne'', with C. V. Kumar and Sundeep Kishan reprising their roles as director and lead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2024 |title=Sundeep Kishen's Maaya One gets a first look poster |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/07/sundeep-kishens-maaya-one-gets-a-first-look-poster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520123558/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/07/sundeep-kishens-maaya-one-gets-a-first-look-poster |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films produced by C. V. Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghibran Vaibodha]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Nalan Kumarasamy]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Techno-thriller films]]

Yeh Ballet

2026-03-02T04:27:58Z

Glorywebs: cleanup layout

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yeh Ballet
| image = Yeh Ballet (2020) Film Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Sooni Taraporevala]]
| producer = [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]
| writer = Sooni Taraporevala
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Julian Sands]]
* Achintya Bose
* Manish Chauhan
}}
| music =
| cinematography = [[Kartik Vijay]]
| editing = [[Antara Lahiri]]
| studio = [[Roy Kapur Films]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-roy-kapoor-films-yeh-ballet-becomes-the-first-indian-film-to-be-recommended-by-netflix-ceo-reed-hastings/351451 |title=Roy Kapoor Films 'Yeh Ballet' Becomes The First Indian Film To Be Recommended By Netflix CEO Reed Hastings |website=[[Outlook India]] |date=14 February 2022}}</ref>
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2020|02|21}}
| runtime = 117 min
| country =
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Yeh Ballet''''' ({{lit|This Ballet}}) is a [[Netflix Original]] Film written and directed by [[Sooni Taraporevala]] and produced by [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]. The film features two newcomers—Achintya Bose as [[Amiruddin Shah]], and [[Manish Chauhan]] portraying Nishu (character based on his own life), as the leads. The film also stars [[Julian Sands]], [[Jim Sarbh]], Danish Husain, [[Vijay Maurya]], Heeba Shah, and Kalyanee Mulay. The film is streaming now on [[Netflix]]. The film is a fictionalized version of a short documentary by Taraporevala by the same name.

==Plot==
Discovered by an eccentric ballet master, two gifted but underprivileged Mumbai teens face bigotry and disapproval as they pursue their dancing dreams.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-yeh-ballet-trailer-traces-two-mumbai-boys-journey-to-become-renowned-dancers-in-sooni-taraporevalas-film-8028951.html |title=Netflix's Yeh Ballet trailer traces two Mumbai boys' journey to become renowned dancers in Sooni Taraporevala's film |date=11 February 2019 |website=Firstpost.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Julian Sands]] as Saul Aron
*Achintya Bose as Asif
*Manish Chauhan as Nishu
*[[Jim Sarbh]] as Academy Head
*Danish Husain as Asif's father
*[[Vijay Maurya]] as Nishu's father
*Heeba Shah as Asif's mother
*Kalyanee Mulay Nishu's mother
*Sasha Shetty as Nina
*Purva Barve as Nishu's sister
*Mekhola Bose as Asha
*Mikhail Yawalkar as Arjun
*Nizamuddin Shah as Asif's brother
*[[Sarah-Jane Dias]] as show judge (Special appearance)
*[[Boman Irani]] as show judge (Special appearance)
*[[Rahul Khanna]] as show judge (Special appearance)

==Release==
''Yeh Ballet'' was released on Netflix on 21 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/953602/in-netflix-film-yeh-ballet-two-male-ballet-dancers-find-their-feet-and-leap-for-the-sky |title=In Netflix film 'Yeh Ballet', two male ballet dancers find their feet and leap for the sky |first=Nandini |last=Ramnath |website=Scroll.in |date=21 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yeh-ballet-review-netflix-film-captures-the-beauty-of-a-dance-form-3-5-stars-out-of-5-2183487 |title=Yeh Ballet Review: Netflix Film Captures The Beauty Of A Dance Form |website=NDTV.com |first=Saibal |last=Chatterjee |date=21 February 2020 |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Netflix title}}
* {{IMDb title|10230436}}

[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2020 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:Films about ballet]]
[[Category:Films about poverty in India]]

Kesh (Sikhism)

2026-02-27T16:57:03Z

Glorywebs: General cleanup and improvements

{{Short description|Ritual haircare practice}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}
In [[Sikhism]], '''kesh''' or '''kes''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਕੇਸ) is the practice of allowing one's hair (usually only referring to the hair on one's head, beard and mustache) to grow naturally without removing it. The practice is one of [[The Five Ks|The Five Kakaars]], the outward symbols ordered by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] in 1699 as a means to profess the [[Sikh]] faith. The hair is combed twice daily with a [[Kanga (Sikhism)|kanga]], another of the five Ks, and tied into a simple knot known as a ''joora'' or ''rishi knot''. This knot of hair is usually held in place with the kanga and covered by a [[Dastar|turban]].

The 52 commands of Guru Gobind Singh written at [[Hazur Sahib]] at [[Nanded]], in the state of [[Maharashtra]], mention that the kesh (hair) should be revered as the form of the Satguru (eternal guru) whom they consider as the same as god. For this reason by practitioners they are kept with the utmost respect. This includes regular maintenance of hair which includes but is not limited to combing at least twice daily, washing regularly and not allowing for public touching.

== Etymology ==
In [[Sanskrit]], kesh comes from k, meaning head, and esh, meaning master/supreme, meaning the pinnacle or supreme portion of the head. This matches with Santokh Singh's [[Suraj Prakash]] which states,

<blockquote>
ਰਚ੍ਯੋ ਸੁ ਈਸ਼ੁਰ ਮਾਨੁਖ ਦੇਹ ॥ ਕਰ੍ਯੋ ਸੁਭਾਇਮਾਨ ਛਬਿ ਗ੍ਰੇਹ ॥ 
The body is created by Eshvar [The Lord], He has created humans beautiful and respectful.

ਉੱਤਮਾਂਗ ਪਰ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਕਰੇ ॥ ਅਧਿਕ ਰੂਪ ਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਤੇ ਧਰੇ ॥40॥ 
Out of all parts of the body, the head is the highest, and adorning Kesh [unshorn hair] on top of one's head the body becomes beautiful.<ref>[[Suraj Prakash]], Ayan 1, Chapter 47, verse 40</ref></blockquote>

The [[Mahan Kosh]] also states, kesh is "the hair on the head". Avatar Singh Vahiria's Khalsa Dharam Shastar (1914), agrees with this stating, "Kesh means the hair on the head and also the beard and mustache."<ref>Khalsa Dharam Shastar, Chapter Seven, page 274, accessed: https://archive.org/details/khalsa_dharam_shastar/page/n289/mode/2up</ref>

==Significance==
Kesh is a religious symbol that can be, and has been, interpreted by Sikhs and others in a variety of different ways. For many Sikhs, Kesh is a symbol of devotion to God, reminding Sikhs that they should obey the will of God. By not cutting it, Sikhs honour God's gift of hair.<ref>Bhai Desa Singh Rehatnama, verse 80</ref> Kesh combined with the combing of hair using a kangha shows respect for God and all of his gifts.

[[Bhai Nand Lal]], who was a poet in the court of the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, wrote in [[Persian language|Persian]]:<ref name="HR Gupta Book">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History of The Sikhs - The Sikh Gurus 1469-1708 |publisher=Munshiram Memorial Publishers |location=New Delhi |page=275 |edition=2008 |isbn=978-81-215-0276-4|year=1984 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kamalroop |title=The Granth of Guru Gobind Singh: Essays, Lectures and Translations |last2=Mann |first2=Gurinder Singh |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |pages=61–62}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kamalroop |last2=Mann |first2=Gurinder Singh |date=24 January 2016 |title=The Guru’s warrior scripture |url=https://blog.oup.com/2016/01/gurus-warrior-scripture/#sthash.eSGXVZPh.dpuf |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
<blockquote>''Nishān-e-Sikhī ast īn Panj harf-e kāf,''
''Hargiz na bāshad azīn panj muāf,''

''Kara, Karad, Kacha, Kanga bidān,''
''Bina kesh hēch ast jumla nishān.''</blockquote>
[These five letters of K are emblems of Sikhism.

These five are most incumbent;

Steel bangle, big knife, shorts and a comb;

Without unshorn hair the other four are of no significance.]

The above composition is found in some early [[Dasam Granth]] manuscripts.<ref name=":3" />

Bhai Desa Singh, a Sikh from the mid 18th century, writes that:
<blockquote>
Just like a bird without wings, or like a sheep without wool 
Or like a woman without clothes, such is a man without kesh.
When a man adorns Kesh only then does he have full form.</blockquote>

Desa Singh instructs in his Code of Conduct, Rehatnama, text that Singh should wash their Kesh with yogurt every two weeks and then cleanse and infuse it with perfume.<ref>Bhai Desa Singh Rehatnama, verse 69. Accessed: https://archive.org/details/RehatnamaBhaiDesaSingh/page/n5/mode/1up?view=theater</ref>

Bhai Daya Singh Rehatnama states that the Kesh as a symbol was given to the Khalsa by [[Durga]] at the 1699 [[Amrit Sanskar]], implying the adorning of the kesh as her symbol.<ref>Bhai Daya Singh Rehatnama, page 1, accessed: https://archive.org/details/RehatnamaBhaiDayaSinghJi/page/n1/mode/2up</ref>

Kesh was such an important symbol of identity that during the persecution of Sikhs under the [[Mughal Empire]], followers were willing to face death rather than shave or cut their hair to disguise themselves. The symbol of long hair for Sikhs was the stamp or insignia of the Guru.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Historian J.P. Singh Uberoi argues that the taboo against cutting hair arose in the context of the religious pluralism in Northwest India at the time of Guru Gobind Singh, when the newly emergent Sikh community defined itself against ascetic renouncers like ''yogi''s and ''sannyasin''s, who shaved their hair completely or let it grow but into matted dreadlocks. Contrary to these groups, the affirmatively householder Sikhs let their hair grow as a kind of "negation of the negation" but did so in an orderly way by combing it with the ''kangha'' (comb), one of the other five Ks.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Uberoi |first=J.P. Singh |title=Religions in India |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0195630923 |editor-last=Madan |editor-first=T.N. |location=Delhi |publication-date=1991 |pages=320-333 |chapter=The Five Symbols of Sikhism}}</ref>

==Modern trend==
The tradition of keeping hair uncut has diminished in recent times, and it is estimated that half of India's Sikh men cut their hair. Reasons include simple convenience (avoiding the daily combing and tying), following their parents' lead, and social pressure from the mainstream culture to adjust their appearance to fit the norm.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/29/world/asia/29turban.html Young Men Get Haircuts, Annoying Their Elders]. ''[[New York Times]]''. March 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084853/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-10-30/india/27819991_1_turbans-uncut-hair-sikh-youths 'Pagri not very attractive, out of tune with times']</ref>

===Harassment===
After the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|attacks]] of September 11, 2001, [[Sikh]]s in the West have been mistaken for [[Muslim]]s and subjected to [[hate crime]]s. [[Balbir Singh Sodhi]], a Sikh living in [[Mesa, Arizona]], was shot to death on September 16, 2001, when he was mistaken for a Muslim.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Immigrant Killed in Ariz.; Man Charged in Slaying and 2 Other Attacks; Racism Suspected|newspaper=Washington Post|date=September 17, 2001}}</ref>

In 2007, an 17-year-old [[Pakistani Americans|Pakistani-American]] teenager, Umair Ahmed, forcibly cut the hair of a 15-year-old Sikh boy Harpal Vacher in a US school. In 2008, he was convicted by the jury of "second-degree menacing as a hate crime, second-degree coercion as a hate crime, fourth-degree criminal possession of a weapon, and third-degree harassment,"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-08-09 |title=NY teenager accused of cutting Sikh student's hair |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/ny-teenager-accused-of-cutting-sikh-students-hair-idUSN25326401/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |work=Reuters |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-25 |title=Teen charged with cutting Sikh boy's hair |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18868058 |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> and was sentenced to probation, community service, and completion of a tolerance program.<ref>[https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2008/25/astoria_times_newselmhurstte06122008.html Elmhurst teen avoids jail for cutting off Sikh’s hair]</ref>

In 2009, Resham Singh, a Punjabi student in [[Melbourne, Australia]], was attacked by a group of teenagers who tried to remove his turban and cut his hair.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/indians-abroad/Aussie-teens-try-to-cut-Sikh-youths-hair/articleshow/4719298.cms |publisher=Times of India|title=Aussie teens try to cut Sikh youth's hair|date=June 30, 2009}}</ref>

In 2010, Basant Singh, a Sikh youth in [[Penang]], Malaysia, woke up discovering his hair was cut by 50&nbsp;cm when he was asleep in his dormitory while serving the [[Malaysian National Service]] Training Programme. The incident traumatised the youth and is being probed as ordered by the Defence Ministry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/1/19/nation/7822618&sec=nation |work=The Star |title=Minister orders probe into 'cutting' of Sikh boy's hair |date=January 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122031832/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F1%2F19%2Fnation%2F7822618&sec=nation |archive-date=January 22, 2011 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Rumāl|Rumal]]
* [[Patka]]
* [[Thatha]]
* [[Salai (needle)]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Anthropological photographs of a Lahori Sikh man, by Carl W. Damman, ca.1873.jpg|Anthropological photographs of a Lahori Sikh man, by Carl W. Damman, ca.1873. He maintained ''kesh'' (unshorn hair), with it being tied in a top-knot.
File:Painting of Sher Singh after a bath with his hair down.png|Painting of Maharaja [[Sher Singh]] after a bath with his hair down
File:Sikh Boy wearing Rumal.jpg|A Sikh boy wearing a [[rumāl]]
File:Sikh patka.PNG|A Sikh boy wearing a [[patka|''patka'']]
File:Sikh man, Agra 10.jpg|A Sikh man wearing a ''[[dastar]]'' or ''pagh'' (turban)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071010044119/http://allaboutsikhs.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=942 Hail Hair by Dr Birendra Kaur in All About Sikhs]
*[http://www.sikhnet.com/sikheducation/5K's.pdf PDF on the 5 Ks from Sikhnet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007132216/http://www.sikhnet.com/sikheducation/5K%27s.pdf |date=2008-10-07 }}

{{5Ks}}
{{sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikh religious clothing]]
[[Category:Punjabi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Shaving]]

Maduranthakam Lake

2026-02-24T05:01:51Z

Glorywebs: Made The Stub From Scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Maduranthakam Lake
| other_name = Maduranthakam Aeri
| image =
| caption = Maduranthakam lake
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Maduranthakam]], [[Chengalpattu district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=it}}
| pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of the lake within Tamil Nadu
| type = Artificial [[lake]]
| inflow =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = India
| length =
| width =
| area = {{convert|2400|acre|abbr=on}}
| depth =
| max-depth =
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation =
| islands =
| cities = Maduranthakam
}}

'''Maduranthakam Lake''' or '''Maduranthakam Aeri''', is a lake spread over 2400 acres in [[Maduranthakam]], [[Chengalpattu district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name="Hindu_NoDangerOfBreach">{{cite news
| last = Venkatasubramanian
| first = V.
| title = No danger of breach at Madurantakam tank: officials
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chengalpattu
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 9 November 2017
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/14-panchaloha-idols-unearthed-at-temple-near-thanjavur/article20228144.ece
| accessdate = 11 November 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://wikimapia.org/7602479/Madhurandhakam-Lake Madhurandhakam Lake ] [[Wikimapia]]</ref>

== Geography ==
Maduranthakam aeri is an [[Artificial Lake|artificial lake]] and is the largest lake in the district of Chengalpattu and second largest lake in the state of Tamil Nadu. This lake with a live storage capacity of 16.08 MCM (million cubic meters) as on 2005 has been mentioned in the Government records as one of the oldest impounded lakes in the country since 1798 <ref>Central water commission, New Delhi, Compendium of sedimentation of Reservoirs in India (2020), List of Reservoirs in India, Sl.no 290</ref>

After decades of siltation that reduced its storage capacity by 24%, a major restoration project worth ₹163 crore was undertaken. As of early 2026, the project is nearly complete, with storage capacity increased by 45%—from 694 million cubic feet (mcft) to 1,000 mcft. Modern automated gates have been installed for efficient water management. The Water Resources Department confirmed the lake is on track to be fully functional by February 2026. [https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/madurantakam-lake-to-be-fully-functional-by-feb-2026-water-resources-department-849674 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=DTNEXT |date=2025-10-15 |title=Madurantakam lake to be fully functional by Feb 2026: Water Resources department |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/madurantakam-lake-to-be-fully-functional-by-feb-2026-water-resources-department-849674 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
Rejuvenation efforts at Madurantakam lake after many decades https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/rejuvenation-efforts-on-at-madurantakam-lake-after-many-decades/article65844111.ece
*[[Water management in Chennai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Hydrography of Chennai}}

[[Category:Lakes of Chennai]]
[[Category:Lakes of Tamil Nadu]]

Nabadwip Bakultala High School

2026-02-21T07:00:47Z

Glorywebs: Made Basic Entry Nd Citations

{{Infobox school
| name = Nabadwip Bakultala High School
| logo =
| logo_size = 100
| logo_alt = Logo of this school
| image = Front view of Nabadwip Bakultala High School building with play ground.jpg
| caption = Nabadwip Bakultala High School
| address = Netaji Subhash Road
| city = Nabadwip
| state = West Bengal
| postal_code = 741302
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coordinates|23|24|28.5|N|88|21|53.1|E|display=title,inline}}
| schooltype = [[Higher Secondary]]
| fundingtype = Government Sponsored
| established = {{start date and age|1875|df=yes}} (As Nabadwip Banga Vidyalaya)
| school_board = [[WBBSE]], [[WBCHSE]]
| oversight_label = Circle
| oversight = Nabadwip Urban
| school_code = 19101801407 (UDISE code)
| president = Sri Bimankrishna Saha (Managing Committee)
| headmaster = Sri Dipankar Saha
| head_name2 = Assistant Headmaster
| head2 = Sri Asoke Kumar Pal
| secondary_years_taught = 5th - 10th and 11th - 12th grades
| gender = Boys'
| age_range = 10+ to 18+
| classes = 8
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| houses = {{color box|#368038}} [[Rabindranath Tagore]] House 
{{color box|blue}} [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]] House 
{{color box|red}} [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]] House 
{{color box|yellow}} [[Vivekananda]] House
| colors = [[Green]], [[White]] {{color box|white}}{{color box|#368038}}
| song = "Amader Bakultala" ("আমাদের বকুলতলা" in [[Bengali language]])
| sports = [[Association football|Football]], [[Cricket]], [[Chess]]
| nickname = NBHS
| yearbook = Bakulkatha
| alumni = [[Gour Kishore Ghosh]] 
Samar Ghosh 
[[Ujjwal Maulik|Dr. Ujjwal Maulik]] 
Dr. Santosh Kapuria 
Dr. Pritam Sukul
| website = https://www.nabadwipbakultalahighschool.org/
| picture =
| picture_caption =
}}
[[File:Nabadwip Bakultala High School front building on 3 January, 2026.jpg|thumb|The school front view in 2026]]
'''Nabadwip Bakultala High School''' is a government-aided higher secondary boys' school situated in [[Nabadwip]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. This school was established in 1875 during the [[British colonial period|British Colonial period of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NABADWIP BAKULTALA HIGH SCHOOL - Ward No. 14 District Nadia (West Bengal) |url=https://schools.org.in/nadia/19101801407/nabadwip-bakultala-high-school.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref> The school now provides classes from V to XII, with [[The arts|Arts]], [[Science]], and [[Commerce]] streams.

== History ==
This school was founded primarily with the name 'Nabadwip Banga Vidyalaya' in the year [[1875]] at another place, where now situated a girls' school namely [[Nabadwip Bakultala Balika Vidyalaya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education First |url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19101801503 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=school.banglarshiksha.gov.in}}</ref> In those days, the surrounding remained in cheery echoing of children. As lessons were started under a [[Mimusops elengi|Spanish Cheery tree]] ('বকুল' in [[Bengali language]]), it came to be known as 'Bakultala School' by the people.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mother Institute|url=http://nbvpcs.org.in/motherinstitute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719085343/http://nbvpcs.org.in/motherinstitute|archive-date=2020-07-19}}</ref>
Every year 3 January is observed as the establishment day of school. Though it was a primary school at the time of foundation, now the primary section is not running. It became a high school in 1924.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Majumdar|first=Durgadas|title=GAZETTER OF INDIA WEST BENGAL : NADIA by Durgadas Majumdar, I.A.S. (retd.), former State Editor|year=1978 |publisher=State Editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.18243/page/n373/mode/2up}}</ref> The first secretary of the school was Jana Ranjan Roy (1925 - 1928) and the first president was the S.D.O. (Ex-officio) of [[Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision|Sadar Subdivision]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]] (01/01/1925 - 23/12/1966).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bakulkatha (বকুলকথা)|page=At 62}}</ref> Rajendraprasad Choudhury was the first Headmaster of the school.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Debashish |date=November 19, 2018 |title=বকুল গাছের তলায় পড়ুয়াদের প্রথম পাঠ |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |pages=ক4 |language=Bengali |edition=Nadia}}</ref> Headmasters Shri Shashibhushan Tarafdar (1924 - 1942) and Shri Nityaniranjan Kabiraj (1942 - 1960) are being remembered greatly in the history of the school.<ref name=":0" />

== About School ==
[[File:Nabadwip Bakultala High School.jpg|thumb|Front view of Nabadwip Bakultala High School in 2021]]This school is situated beside [[Nabadwip Municipality]]. There are about 40 classrooms distributed among two three-storied and one one-storied building. There are separate laboratories of [[Physics]], [[Chemistry]], [[Mathematics]], [[Information and communications technology|ICT]], [[Computer]], [[Biology]] and [[Geography]]. Students can use library using card. Students can take part in [[National Cadet Corps (India)|N C C]] . Now there are 34 teachers and 9 teaching-staffs in this school. Nabadwip Bakultala High School is one of the oldest [[higher secondary school]]s of [[Nabadwip]] as well as [[Nadia district]]. Near about 1450 students read in this school. The yearly magazine 'Bakulkatha' was published in 2018. Every year the handwritten wall-magazine 'Bakulkunri' (বকুলকুঁড়ি) is being published as well.

== Medium ==
The primary medium of education is [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. Students are able to give exam in [[English-medium education|English version]] in the HS section. Since 2018, Class V to X students have been able to read in English medium, starting from class V batch and subsequently the higher classes next years.

== Nabadwip Bakultala Vidyalaya Praktan Chhatra Sammilani ==
There is an Alumni Association named ''[https://nbvpcs.org Nabadwip Bakultala Vidyalaya Praktan Chhatra Sammilani]'' , established in 1990; functiong as a distinct and connected community of ex-students. The association conducts various programmes throughout the year. A primary school named '''Nabadwip Bakultala School of Education''' is run by NBVPCS. An open schooling study centre under [[West Bengal Council of Rabindra Open Schooling|WBCROS]], Nabadwip Bakultala Rabindra Mukta Vidyalaya is run by the organisation. A study centre under [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] is also run by the association. The association is headquartered in a separate building situated beside the main school campus.

== Notable alumni ==
The alumni network is strong. The ex-students are spread worldwide and established in own fields. Some of the notable persons are:
* [[Gour Kishore Ghosh]], ''Writer''
* Samar Ghosh, ''Ex-Chief secretary of [[Government of West Bengal]]''
* Swami Suhitananda, ''Vice President of [[Ramakrishna Math and Mission|Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission]]''
* Santosh Kapuria, ''Professor at [[IIT Delhi]]''
*[[Ujjwal Maulik]], ''Scientist and Professor at [[Jadavpur University]]<ref>{{cite news|date=17 November 2020|title=Bengali couples earned world fame in the field of Science|page=03|work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/others/science/bengali-couples-earned-world-fame-in-the-field-of-science-1.1229870|access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>''
*Nirmalya Sengupta
*Dr. Pritam Sukul, Senior Medical Scientist at [[University of Rostock]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline}}
*[http://nbvpcs.org.in Nabadwip Bakultala Praktan Chhatra Sammilani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719094714/http://nbvpcs.org.in/ |date=2020-07-19 }}
*[https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19101801407 Nabadwip Bakultala High School in Banglarshiksha]
*Nabadwip Bakultala Praktan Chhatra Sammilani new website

[[Category:1875 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:Government schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Nadia district]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]

Muchilot Bhagavathi

2026-02-15T18:46:14Z

Glorywebs:

{{Short description|Vedic Hindu deity}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}Muchilot [[Bhagavati|Bhagavathi]] Is The Tutelary Deity Of [[Bania (caste)|Vaniyar]] Community In [[North Malabar]].
[[File:Muchilot_Bhagavathy_@Nambram_Sree_Muchilot_Bhagavathy_Kshethram.jpg|thumb|500x500px|''Muchilot Bhagavathi'']]
There Are 108 Muchilot Temples Spread Across Northern Kerala Resembling The [[108 Shiva Temples]] Mentioned In The Shivalaya Stothram. Muchilot Bhagavathi‚ Who Is Adorned With All Beauty, Is Like A Goddess Of Beauty And Is Widely Considered The Most Elaborate And Gorgeous Theyyam. Being In Swatika Bhava, Muchilot Bhagavathi Has Only Very Gentle Movements. Anna Dhanam (Serving Food) Is Very Important In Muchilot Bhagavathi Temples During The Kaliyattam Festival.

==Legends==
Various legends on the origin of Muchilot Bhagavati begin with her as a [[Brahmin]] woman born in Maniyottu [[Illam|Mana]], a [[Illam|house]] associated with the highest caste in the village of Peringellur, near [[Taliparamba]], Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theyyamcalendar.com/history/muchilot-bhagavathi |title=Muchilot Bhagavathi Theyyam &#124; THEYYAKKOLAM |accessdate=2013-10-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101042637/http://www.theyyamcalendar.com/history/muchilot-bhagavathi |archivedate=2013-11-01 }}</ref>

The popular oral lore states that following the end of her studies and before her betrothal, the elder teacher of Peringellur (Peringellur Mootha Gurukkal, a Brahmin) and his disciples challenged her authority on [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic matters]].She defeated them in all kind of debates and afterwards jealous of her wisdom, they asked the girl what the greatest pain and greatest pleasure were. She replied that they were, respectively, giving birth and love-making.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.karipodymuchilot.com/muchilotBhagavathi.html |title=Karipody Thirur Muchilot , Muchilot Bhagavathi |access-date=30 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061801/http://www.karipodymuchilot.com/muchilotBhagavathi.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Gurukkal then challenged her virginity, arguing that she could not know this without experiencing it. She was expelled from her house and took refuge at the temple in [[Karivellur]] and promptly resolved to meet the great god [[Shiva]] through suicide. While standing on a bed of burning coals, a member of the [[Vaishya|vāṇiya]] caste was passing through and was carrying thuthika(Oil pot) for supplying oil to the rayaramangalam temple, She requested him to pour coconut oil over her and cause her [[Death by burning|immolation]]. With the blessing of Shiva, she returned to the world as a goddess and began wandering the earth.<ref name="History of muchilot Bhagavathi" />

According to the narratives, the Muchilot Padanayar—a [[Vaishya|Vaniya]] of the Muchilot clan and a soldier of King [[Kolathiri]]—and his wife, Padanayathi, were able to feel her presence.<ref name="History of muchilot Bhagavathi">History of Muchilotu Bhagavathi http://www.thekeralatemples.com/templeinfo/bhagavathy/karivellur_muchilottukavu.htm</ref> The wife of Padanayar was drawing water from the housewell and saw an apparition of Muchilot Bhagavathi in the well. Afterwards, the pot which held the oil that burned the girl began to levitate. The next day, Muchilot Padanayar saw that the palm tree in front of his house had died; when he decided to cut the tree down to make weapons, the goddess made her presence visible to him. Padanayar then had a vision that the soul of the virgin had been sent back by [[Lord Shiva]] to abide in him. They placed the goddess in a silver chest in the western chamber of the house,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/narathsreemuchilottubhagavathi/muchilottu-bhagavathi|title=Muchilottu Bhagavathi - ॐ-Narath Shree Muchilottu Bhagavathi Kshethram-ॐ|website=sites.google.com}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2024}} therefore being associated with the vāṇiya community.{{explain|date=January 2024}} Muchilottu Vaniyan and others in his community started worshipping the goddess as their family deity. Thus the goddess came to be known as Muchilot Bhagavathi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel Agency, Best of Homestay, Temple & Theyyam Tour Packages |url=http://old.travelkannur.com/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=old.travelkannur.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

But according to the holy manuscript (Pattola) of Muchilot Bhagavathi, Muchilot Bhagavathi is the kaliyuga avatar of Sita devi of treta yuga, Maya Devi of Dwarapa era, and Gaiyatri Devi who appeared before Viswamitra Maharishi. Lord Shiva created this powerful goddess for the wellbeing of humans and sent her to the Earth in a golden chariot called "Otta thanden". While travelling on the Earth, she rested at the [[Architecture of Kerala#Padippura|padippura]] of Muchilot Pada Nair, who was a soldier belonging to the Muchilot clan among the [[Vaishya|vāṇiyas]].<ref name="History of muchilot Bhagavathi"/>

There are more than 108 Muchilot temples spread across North Kerala, most of them in [[Kannur]] District.<ref name="old.travelkannur.com">{{Cite web |title=Travel Agency, Best of Homestay, Temple & Theyyam Tour Packages |url=http://old.travelkannur.com/ |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=old.travelkannur.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Among these 108 temples the first seven temples are considered as "Aroodam" or Most revered.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{citation |url=http://www.vengara.com/ |title=Vengara}}
* {{citation |url=http://www.kaliyattam.com/ |title=Kaliyattam}}
* {{citation |url=http://www.theyyamcalendar.com/ |title=Theyyam Calendar}}

[[Category:Theyyam]]
[[Category:Arts of Kerala]]
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]

Polichalur

2026-02-05T07:11:05Z

Glorywebs:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pozhichalur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.985359|N|80.139835|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Area | Chennai]]
| subdivision_type4 = City
| subdivision_name4 = [[Tambaram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 21906
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600074<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Tamil-nadu/Chengalpattu/Polichalur/ Polichalur]</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-44-'''2263'''-XXXX
| registration_plate = '''TN-85'''
| website = {{URL|http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Pozhichalur}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pozhichalur''' (also commonly spelled as '''Polichalur''') is a [[census town]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is a suburb of [[Chennai]] on the south bank of the [[Adyar River]] near the [[Chennai Airport]] and is served by [[Pallavaram railway station|Pallavaram Railway Station]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pozhichalur had a population of 21,906. Males constitute 50.4% of the population and females 49.5%. Pozhichalur has an average literacy rate of 80.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 73%. In Pozhichalur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Airport expansion ==
The previous [[AIADMK]] regime (2001–06) government had allotted 2,000 acres of land free for the AAI to carry out the expansion by taking lands from residents of [[Pozhichalur]], Pammal and [[Anakaputhur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-10-26/news/27703534_1_expansion-project-land-acquisition-parallel-runway.htm|title=The Economic Times: Business News, Personal Finance, Financial News, India Stock Market Investing, Economy News, SENSEX, NIFTY, NSE, BSE Live, IPO News|date=26 October 2008|website=The Economic Times|access-date=7 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Under pressure from the opposition parties such as [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], [DMDK], [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]], and [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]], the government later decided to drop land acquisition in the said areas and identified alternative land at [[Manapakkam]], Tharapakkam, Kolapakkam and [[Gerugambakkam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/19/stories/2006041919360300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429073335/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/19/stories/2006041919360300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2006|title=Archive News|date=19 April 2006|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
[[Category:Cities and towns in Chengalpattu district]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Chennai]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 9th century]]

Nagaur

2026-02-03T16:06:24Z

Glorywebs: Made A Info Needs Work

{{distinguish|Nagore}}
{{about|the city Nagaur in [[Rajasthan]] ([[India]]).|its namesake district |Nagaur District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagaur
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Nagaur Fort.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Nagaur Fort in Nagaur city, [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.2|N|73.73|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Nagvanshi Kshatriya
| named_for =
| government_type = Democracy
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 302
| population_total = 110,797
| population_as_of = 2012
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 341001
| registration_plate = RJ-21
| website = {{URL|http://nagaur.rajasthan.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Chairman, City Council
| leader_name3 = Meetu Bothra
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]
}}
'''Nagaur''' (also '''Nagor''' and '''Nagore''') is a [[city]] and [[municipal council]] in [[Nagaur district]] of the state of [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Nagaur District]]. The Nagaur city lies about midway between [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bikaner]]. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.

== History ==
[[File:Above-Maharaja-Bakhat-Singh-at-the-Jharokha-Window-of-the-Bakhat-Singh-Mahal- 59024 2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Maharaja Bakht Singh at the Jharokha window of the [[Bakhat Singh Mahal]], Nagaur]]
Earlier Empire belongs to [[Gaur (clan)|gaur dynasty]] rajputs.
The Nagaur Fort was built by Maharaja of [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]]s, and historically important to [[Kshatriya]]s of India. Naagvanshi Kshatriya took shelter around Nagaur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nagaur.nic.in/ |title=Nagaur (Rajasthan) |access-date=2008-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203231308/http://www.nagaur.nic.in/ |archive-date=3 December 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]]s rulers dominated Nagaur for a long period of time. [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]]s ruler of Nagaur were appreciated by Sisodias of [[Chittor]] and [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] of [[Jodhpur]]. The ancient name of the city was '''Ahichhatrapur.''' {{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}.
In the medieval era, the town of Nagaur sat astride trade routes coming north from [[Gujarat]] and [[Sindh]] and those on the west crossing the Indus from [[Multan]] with a dead flat plain all around. The defence of the fort depended on the military and economic power of its rulers. And from the period of the [[Ghaznavid]] invasions, Nagaur was under the powerful Chauhan clan. A succession of rulers kept the whole of [[Jangladesh]] free from foreign rule down to the reign of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] at the close of the 12th century. That Nagaur town came under the invaders is clear since [[Balban]], before becoming Sultan, was given an estate centered on this desert town. But just as there were petty [[Hindu]] chiefs (of numerous castes) in the vast lands between [[Ajmer]] and [[Delhi]], it is reasonable to suppose that such landholders were also present in the lands between [[Ajmer]] and Nagaur, paying land revenue to the Muslims and probably joining their army.

Another similarity between [[Ajmer]] and Nagaur is the early founding of [[Sufi]] shrines at both places. One of the earliest Sufis to come to Nagaur was Sultan Tarkin, whose shrine was established during Hindu rule. After [[Khwaja]] [[Moinuddin]] established the Chishti [[Sufi]] order at [[Ajmer]] one of his disciples, named Hamiduddin, came to Nagaur. Hamiduddin accommodated some Hindu principles in his teachings—he became a strict [[vegetarian]] and lovingly reared a cow in his shrine.

In 1391, during the reign of [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Násir-ud-dín Muhammad Tughlak]], Jalal Khan Khokhar was assigned governor of Nagaur.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IARuAAAAMAAJ&q=jalal+khokhar |author= Rana Khan |title= The Rajputs History, Clans, Culture, and Nobility · Volume 1|page=262 |date=2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Saran |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plP7DwAAQBAJ&q=khokhar |title=The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan: Select Translations Bearing on the History of a Rajput Family, 1462–1660, Volumes 1–2 |last2=Ziegler |first2=Norman P. |date=19 January 2021 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-03821-3 |pages=219 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1405-07, Shams Khan, brother of [[Muzaffar Shah I]] founded the Nagaur principality<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbTXAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+him+,+his+caste+was+Khatri+but+he+was+expelled+from+his+caste+for+his |title=Islam and Muslims in South Asia: Historical Perspective |author=Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi |date=1987 |page=27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |title=History of Gujarát. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I. Part II. Musalmán Gujarát. (A.D. 1297–1760.) |date=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |pages=230–236 |chapter=Chapter I. Early Musalmán Governors.(A.D. 1297–1403.) and II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)}}</ref>

Following [[Battle of Nagaur|the defeat of combined armies]] of Shams Khan and the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] at the hands of the powerful Rajput ruler [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] in 1455, the town and nearby areas subsequently fell under the dominion of the [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodiya]] Rajput rulers of [[Mewar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |page=223 |language=en}}</ref>

During the Mughal reign in the 17th century, [[Amar Singh Rathore]] (30 December 1613 – 25 July 1644) was made the emperor's representative (subedar) of Nagaur.<ref name="ref70yecej">{{Citation | title=Casting kings: bards and Indian modernity | author=Jeffrey G. Snodgrass | date=10 August 2006 | publisher=Oxford University Press US, 2006 | isbn=978-0-19-530434-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uP8r9JAs7xkC | quote=''... Amar Singh Rathore was seventeenth-century noble belonging to Jodhpur's royal Rajput family during the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan ... made the emperor's representative (subedar) of Nagaur district ...''}}</ref>

Most of the palatial structures inside the fort were built by [[Bakht Singh of Marwar]]. Bakht Singh was made the lord of Nagaur by his elder brother Abhai Singh of Jodhpur. As the lord of Nagaur, Bakht invaded Bikaner and fought Jaipur at the [[Battle of Gangwana]].<ref>Munis pp. 316</ref>

In 1755 [[Jayappaji Rao Scindia|Jai Appa Sindhia]] attacked on Nagaur after looting several places in Rajasthan. Jai Appa halted his army near Samas pond of Tausar which was 3.5 Km from Nagaur fort. He surrounded Nagaur fort and cut off food and water supply. Maharaja Vijay Singh ji called the Darbar and asked volunteers to kill Scindia. Gaji Khan Khokhar (Chawata Kallan) and Kan Singh (Dotalai) volunteered and took responsibility to kill Jai Appa Scindia. Both changed their outfit as traders and opened shop near Jai Appaji's army. They observed their activities for two months. On Friday, 25 July 1755 at 11 am, they attacked Jai Appa with daggers and killed him. While fighting, both the loyal soldiers of Jodhpur were martyred. From then on, a common proverb that people still say: "Khokhar bada khuraki; kha gaya appa jaisa daaki" (Khokhar are very voracious, eaten demon like appa).
Even after killing of Jai Appa Sindhia, Maratha army continued fighting for few more months near Nagaur but they eventually retreated.

==Climate==
Nagaur has a dry climate with a hot summer. Sand storms are common in summer. The district's climate is marked by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature & highly irregular rainfall patterns. The maximum temperature recorded in the district is 117F (47.2 °C) with 32F (0 °C) as the lowest recorded temperature. The average temperature of the district is {{cvt|74|°F}}. The winter season extends from mid-November until the beginning of March. The rainy season is relatively short, extending from July through mid-September. There are ten climatological stations within the district, being within the cities of Nagaur, Khinvsar, Didwana, Merta, Parbatsar, Makarana, Nawa, Jayal, Degana & Ladnun. The average rainfall in the district is 36.16 cm & 59% relative humidity.

== Geography ==
Nagaur is located at {{Coord|27.2|N|73.73|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Nagaur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Nagaur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 feet). Nagaur is situated amidst seven districts namely Bikaner, Churu, Sikar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur. Nagaur is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan with a vast terrain spreading over {{cvt|17,718|sqkm}} Its geographical spread is a good combine of plain, hills, sand mounds and as such it is a part of the great Indian Thar Desert.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Nagaur city
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|63.33}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|33.24}}
}}

==Forest, flora and fauna==
The district of Nagaur is poor in forest resources. The total area under including hills, is reported to be 240.92 km2., which is 1.3 percent of total geographical area of the district. Scanty rainfall & other geographical constraints account for this. The western part of the district is divided of natural vegetation cover except for low herbs & grass which grows on low sand dunes. However, the south-eastern part of the district & part of the northern Tehsil of Ladnun & Didwana have much greater greenery as compared to north-west part of the district. [[Khejri]] trees are commonly found in the district. Its leaves are used as fodder. It also gives gum. Apart from commercial value, this tree is considered holy. The tree also plays an important role in checking soil erosion. The other common species found in the district are [[Babul (tree)|babul]], [[neem]], [[shishma]], [[peepal]], [[rohira]], Kalsi, dhangood, and akara. Rohira & shisham trees provide timber & is used for making furniture. Dhangood is generally used for making cots. A common shrub-phog provides building material from its roots & twigs.

==Tourism==
[[File:Nagaur Fort.JPG|thumb|Nagaur Fort]]
*Nagaur Fort is one of the finest examples of Rajput-Mughal architecture.<ref name=getty1>{{cite web|last=Abraham|first=Melissa|title=India's Vibrant Cultural Heritage Comes to Life at Nagaur Fort|date=2 July 2013 |url=https://blogs.getty.edu/iris/indias-vibrant-cultural-heritage-comes-to-life-at-nagaur-fort/|publisher=The Getty Iris|access-date=24 October 2013}}</ref> Built in the early 12th century and repeatedly altered over subsequent centuries, it witnessed many battles. Underwent major renovations in 2007.<ref name=rehab>{{cite web|title=Rehabilitation of Nagaur Fort|url=http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=4016|work=Aga Khan Award for Architecture|publisher=Aga Khan Development Network|access-date=23 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193442/http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=4016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=getty1 /> 90 fountains are now running in the gardens and buildings. The fort's buildings and spaces, both external and internal, serve as venue, stage and home to a Sufi Music Festival.
*'''[[Rol Nagaur|Rol]]''', also known as '''[[Rol Nagaur|Rol Sharif]]''' is a village in [[Jayal]] tehsil of [[Nagaur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. The village has many mosques, including '''Shahi Jama Masjid'''. There is '''Jubba''' '''Mubarak''' of [[Muhammad]], which are said to possess holy relic brought by [[Qazi Hamiduddin Nagauri]] from [[Bukhara|Bukhara, Russia]]. Devotees from various parts of the country gather on ''urs'' of '''Quazi Sahab''' to celebrate the occasion. There is an annual ''Urs Mela'' (Urs Fair) organised in village.<ref>[http://nagaur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/nagaur/en/about-us/historical-events.html Rol Urs Mela nagaur.rajasthan.gov.in] {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/913233673 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/913228881 cite #2 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>
*[[Ladnun]] - 10th century's [[Jain]] temples are rich with historical attraction. [[Jain Vishva Bharti University]] - A centre of Jainism; a school of thought; a centre of spirituality & purification; a society of [[Ahimsa]].
[[File:Dadhimati Mata Temple, Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|[[Dadhimati Mata Temple]] in [[Nagaur district]], Rajasthan.]]
*[[Bairathal Kallan]] - The Bairathal Kallan village was established about 700–750 years ago.
*[[Khinvsar]] town - [[Khimsar Fort]] - Situated 42 km from Nagaur on the National Highway No. 65 towards [[Jodhpur]]; 500-year-old fort in the middle of the Thar Desert; turned into a hotel furnished with modern facilities. Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] used to stay here; Khinvsar town has 25 small temples; black deer roaming in herds are a tourist attraction.
*[[Jayal]]- [[Dadhimati Mata Temple]] - Also known as Goth-Manglod temple; 40 km from Nagaur; the oldest temple of the district constructed during the [[Gupta Dynasty]] (4th Century); Kul Devi of [[Dadhich Brahmins]].
*[[Merta City|Merta]] - [[Meera Bai]] Temple - Also known as the Charbhuja temple; 400 years old; evidence how total surrender helps attain godly qualities; how deep faith converts poison to 'Amrit'.
*[https://kumsmerta.com/ Merta City] (Nagaur) (especially Merta Agricultural Produce Market) holds a prominent place among the most prominent and largest cumin markets of Rajasthan.
*[[Kuchaman City]] - Kuchaman Fort - One of the oldest & most inaccessible forts of [[Rajasthan]], situated on top of a straight hill, unique water harvesting system, [[Jodhpur]] rulers used to mint their gold & silver currency here. Fort is converted into a hotel.
*[[Khatu]] - Khatu's old name was Shatkup (six wells). When Shak rulers came to India then they brought two new wells with them which were called Shakandhu (Stepwell) & Kalandh (Rahat). According to [[Prathviraj Raso]], Khatu's old name was Khatwan. Old Khatu is almost destroyed. Now there are two villages, one is called Bari Khatu & other Chhoti Khatu. On the hillock of Chhoti Khatu a small fort is standing. Fort was built by [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. An old [[stepwell]] is located in Chhoti Khatu, known as Phool Bawadi, it is believed that this stepwell was constructed in Gurjara Pratihara period. This stepwell is artistic in its style of architecture.
*[[Kurki]] - Kurki is a small village in the [[Merta City|Merta]] Tehsil of Nagaur district. It is the birthplace of the princess and poet, [[Meera Bai]], about 30 km from Merta.
* [[Kharnal]] - It is situated on the Nagaur-Jodhpur National Highway near about 15 km from Nagaur. It is the birthplace of Lok Devta Veer Tejaji. It is believed that [[Kharnal]] was established by Dhawal Khichi who was in the 5th generation of the Choudhan ruler Gundal Rao Khichi of [[Jayal]] state. Veer Tejaji was born in [[Dhaulya|Dholiya]] Gotra of [[Jat]].
*Untwaliya - It is situated 15 km from Nagaur and 10 km from Alai.
*[[Jhorda]] - It is situated on the north of Nagaur about 30 km away. It is the birthplace of the Great [[Saint Baba Hariram]].

==See also==
*[[Nagori]], a breed of cattle
*[[Nagori (caste)]]
*[[Didwana]]
*[[Meethari Marwar]]
*[[Gotan]]
*[[Lampolai]]
*[[Bairathal Kallan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Forts in Nagaur district}}
{{Wikiquote}}

*[http://www.khimsar.com Khimsar]
*[http://www.nagoriyamath.org Shital Kund Balaji Temple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030082714/http://nagoriyamath.org/ |date=30 October 2010 }}
*[http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/nagaur/nag1.html Nagaur Fort]

{{Nagaur district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nagaur district]]
[[Category:Nagaur district]]
[[Category:Thar Desert]]

Anirudh Kala

2026-01-07T03:12:22Z

Glorywebs: New Some Article Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian psychiatrist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Anirudh Kala,''' is an Indian [[psychiatrist]] based in [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India]]. He had been an active participant in the [[Indian Psychiatric Society]] (IPS) for forty years and had raised awareness about [[Mental health law|mental health legislation]] and related issues among Indian psychiatrists. He is clinical director of The Mind Plus, an acute psychiatric care clinic in Ludhiana. Kala is founding president of the Indian Association of Private Psychiatry and founding president of Indo-Pak [[Punjab]] Psychiatric Society. The latter is a cross border initiative forging links between mental health professionals of Indian and Pakistani Punjab provinces.<ref name="About IAPP">{{cite web |title=About IAPP |url=http://www.iapp.co.in/about-us.php |website=Indian Association of Private Psychiatry |accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> Partly based on interactions with Pakistani colleagues and visits to mental health institutes he wrote an anthology of short stories, [[The Unsafe Asylum|The Unsafe Asylum: Stories of Partition & Madness]].<ref name="The Unsafe Asylum by Anirudh Kala: Review">{{cite web |title=The Unsafe Asylum by Anirudh Kala: Review |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/weekend/the-unsafe-asylum-by-anirudh-kala/1415851 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> A novel, "Two and a Half Rivers' about the nineteen eighties' militancy in Punjab was published in 2021. A non-fiction book "Most of What You Know About Addiction Is Wrong" meant for common readers and policy makers was published in March 2023 by Speaking Tiger Books.

Kala was invited in 2011 by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], [[Government of India]], to be member of an expert group tasked with formulating the first ever Mental Health Policy for the country. The group submitted the policy document to the health minister on 29 September 2014. The policy was launched by the government on the World Mental Health Day on 10 October 2014 to mixed reactions.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's New Mental Health Policy: Radical, but Tough to Implement|first=Shanoor |last=Seervai|work=The Wall Street Journal (India)|date=14 October 2014|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/10/14/indias-new-mental-health-policy-radical-but-tough-to-implement/}}</ref> On 1 February 2014, Kala resigned from the membership of the Indian Psychiatric Society in protest against [[Homophobia|homophobic]] statements made by the president of the society at the society's annual conference and subsequent refusal by society to make amends<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Psychiatric Society official statement: homosexual is not a mental illness |date=6 February 2014|url=http://orinam.net/indian-psychiatric-society-homosexual-not-mental-illness/|work=[[Orinam]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Homosexuality not mental illness, disease: Indian Psychiatric Society|date=7 February 2014|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/homosexuality-not-mental-illness-disease-indian-psychiatric-society-1378661.html|work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*Aditya Mani Jha, [http://www.sunday-guardian.com/technologic/the-ethical-and-medical-black-hole-that-is-covert-medication "The ethical and medical black hole that is covert medication"], ''[[The Sunday Guardian]]'', 3 August 2013, retrieved 25 February 2014
*Aarefa Johari, Scroll.in,"Anti-gay remarks by departing president set off storm in Indian Psychiatric Society" http://scroll.in/article/654567/anti-gay-remarks-by-departing-president-set-off-storm-in-indian-psychiatric-society, retrieved 21 April 2015
*Kala A K. Covert medication; the last option: A case for taking it out of the closet and using it selectively. Indian J Psychiatry [serial online] 2012 [cited 2015 Apr 22];54:257-65. Available from: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2012/54/3/257/102427
*Kala A. Time to face new realities; mental health care bill-2013. Indian J Psychiatry [serial online] 2013 [cited 2015 Apr 22];55:216-9. Available from: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2013/55/3/216/117129
*Kala A K. Of ethically compromising positions and blatant lies about 'truth serum'. Indian J Psychiatry [serial online] 2007 [cited 2015 Apr 22];49:6-9. Available from: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2007/49/1/6/31512
* http://speakingtigerbooks.com/books/the-unsafe-asylum/

== External links ==
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kala%20A%5Bauth%5D A Kala] at the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
*[http://indianjpsychiatry.org/searchresult.asp?search=&author=Anirudh+Kala&journal=Y&but_search=Search&entries=10&pg=1&s=0 Anirudh Kala] at the ''[[Indian Journal of Psychiatry]]''
*[http://www.mindplus.co.in/ Official Website]

{{Mental Health in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kala, Anirudh}}
[[Category:Indian psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1947 births]]

UT69

2026-01-05T05:54:21Z

Glorywebs: Adding A Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = UT69 Poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Shahnawaz Ali
| writer =Vikram Bhatti
| producer = Kripa Jaising
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Raj Kundra
*Kumar Saurabh
*Ganesh Deokar
}}
| cinematography = Kevin Jason Crasta
| editing = Shahnawaz Ali
| music =
| studio = {{plainlist|
*SVS Studios
*The Bigger Picture
}}
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|11|3|india|}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''UT69''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[biographical film]] written by [[Raj Kundra]] and directed by Shahnawaz Ali.<ref>{{Cite web |title='UT69' trailer: Raj Kundra's jail chronicles come alive in his debut |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/ut69-trailer-raj-kundras-jail-chronicles-come-alive-in-his-debut-2732286 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by Kripa Jaising under the banner of SVS Studios and The Bigger Picture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=UT69 trailer: Shilpa Shetty's husband Raj Kundra plays himself, gives glimpse of his life inside jail. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ut69-trailer-shilpa-shetty-husband-raj-kundra-plays-himself-gives-glimpse-of-his-life-inside-jail-101697629400340.html |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Raj Kundra
* Kumar Saurabh as Ashraf
* Ganesh Deokar as Amar
* Mahesh Ghag as Jacob
}}

== Release ==
''UT69'' was released theatrically on 3 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title='UT 69' trailer: Raj Kundra shows his time as undertrial with a dash of comedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ut-69-trailer-raj-kundra-biopic-shows-his-time-as-undertrial-with-a-dash-of-comedy-2450625-2023-10-18 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' said "All said and done, UT 69 doesn't have a clear plot or a story that it wants you to understand, absorb and take back home with you".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=UT 69 movie review: Raj Kundra’s hard-to-digest jail drama is stuffed with poop and pep talk |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ut-69-movie-review-raj-kundra-s-hard-to-digest-jail-drama-is-stuffed-with-poop-and-pep-talk-101698999625258.html |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated this film one out of five stars and said "The trouble with this two-hour-long tale is that instead of digging into details of the accusation—producing pornographic material– that lands Kundra in Mumbai’s Arthur Jail, where he has to stay for 63 days without bail, is that it is just one long litany of woes".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=UT 69 movie review: Raj Kundra-starrer is just one long litany of woes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ut-69-movie-review-raj-kundra-starrer-is-just-one-long-litany-of-woes-9011856/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated this film {{fraction|2|1|2}} out of 5 stars and said "'UT69' takes a different path, utilizing humour to a degree that dilutes the overall impact. In retrospect, one can't help but wish that the filmmakers had embraced the more gritty and brutal elements, which could have elevated the film to a higher level of authenticity and resonance".<ref>{{Cite news |title=UT69 Movie Review : The film highlights the deplorable conditions in Indian jails, but where is the plot? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ut69/movie-review/104931427.cms |access-date=2024-03-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' rated this film {{fraction|3|1|2}} out of 5 stars and said "All in all no one will miss this film, a must watch film. ‘UT 69” will set a unique example in the minds of Human Right Authorities and all concerned within its premise. And they will surely work towards bringing reformations in our jails and treat the accused not like animals but like human beings".<ref>{{Cite web |title=UT 69 Review: A Star Husband Is Born |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/ut-69-review-a-star-husband-is-born |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

Simran Singh of ''[[DNA India]]'' rated this film three out of five stars and said "''UT69'' will surprise you as it gives a closer look at the life of jail inmates, and you might feel privileged to have basic amenities and live a free life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=UT69 movie review: Raj Kundra's biopic sidesteps controversy, focuses on human story of prisoners' plight |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ut69-movie-review-raj-kundra-s-biopic-sidesteps-controversy-focuses-on-human-story-of-prisoners-plight-3066888 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt28455891}}
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Seema Nanda

2025-12-22T11:47:23Z

Glorywebs: Adding New Post

{{For|the American government official|Seema Nanda (government official)}}{{Short description|Indian mathematician}}
'''Seema Nanda''' is an Indian mathematician. In her research she applies mathematics to study problems in biology, engineering and finance. Her research interests are primarily in solving real world problems using mathematics and computations.<ref>[http://math.tifrbng.res.in/~nanda Home page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144950/http://math.tifrbng.res.in/~nanda/ |date=2014-10-21 }}, Tata Institute, retrieved 2015-02-17.</ref>

== Education ==
Her education in mathematics was at the [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]] of [[New York University]], where she obtained her [[Ph.D]] in 1998. Her PhD thesis was in the area of [[probability theory]] and was supervised by [[Charles M. Newman]].<ref>{{mathgenealogy|id=33103}}</ref>

== Career ==
Prior to her current position as a faculty at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] in [[Bangalore]], she held cross-disciplinary academic positions at the [[University of Tennessee]] and at [[Harvey Mudd College]]. She switched careers from working in the corporate world to academic research in 2004. Before returning to academia she worked as a quantitative analyst for an investment bank in New York City.
She is also interested in encouraging the youth of India to understand science and mathematics. In 2012 she founded an NGO called Leora Trust which aims to empower girls through education.

== Awards ==
She was a recipient of the Bella Manel prize (given to a promising female student of mathematics at NYU) in 1996.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.leoratrust.com Leora Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415143812/http://www.leoratrust.com/ |date=2023-04-15 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Seema}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women mathematicians]]

Acharyasri Rajesh

2025-12-18T21:21:13Z

Glorywebs: New Basic Details Basic Info

{{short description|Indian spiritual guru and Vedic Educator}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Acharyasri Rajesh
| image = Acharyasri-Rajesh.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|05|31}}
| birth_place = [[Narikkuni]], [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| known_for =
| spouse = Meera Rajesh
| children = 2
| parents = Subrahmanyan Namboothiri Komalavalli Antharjanam
| website = {{URL|acharyasrirajesh.in}}
}}
'''Acharya M. R. Rajesh''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Acharya M R Rajesh Blog|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/author/acharyamrrajesh/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For the love of philosophy, philosophers|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/oct/16/for-the-love-of-philosophy-philosophers-526646.html|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> (born 31 May 1972), better known as '''Acharyasri Rajesh''' is an Indian Spiritual Guru, Vedic Educator, and Author, Founder of World's first Veda temple.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Acharya.M.R.Rajesh - Buy Malayalam Books Online {{!}} Mathrubhumi Books|url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/writer/acharyamrrajesh/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=buybooks.mathrubhumi.com}}</ref> As he was born in an orthodox [[Nambudiri|Namboodiri]] family, he was able to learn [[Vedas]] from his father Subramanyan Namboodiri himself. It was from [[V. S. Harshavardhanan|V.S. Harshavardhanan]] he learnt [[Vyākaraṇa|Vyakarana]] and [[Nyaya]] (Indian logic). Later he joined [[Acharya Narendra Bhooshan|Acharya Narandra Bhooshan]], a renowned Vedic scholar in Kerala, and learnt to interpret Vedas according to the [[Nirukta]], ancient Vedic [[etymology]] from him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acharyasri|url=https://www.acharyasrirajesh.com/about/acharyasri/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406020325/http://www.acharyasrirajesh.com/about/acharyasri/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 April 2016|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Acharyasri Rajesh|language=en-US}}</ref> By pointing out the egalitarian view of the Vedas, he started teaching Vedas and Vedic rituals to all irrespective of caste, creed, or gender.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 26, 2012|first=Sreedevi|last=Chitharanjan|title=Here vedic rites become part of women's rights|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/here-vedic-rites-become-part-of-womens-rights/articleshow/12874831.cms|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2013|title=Breaking caste, gender barriers in teaching vedas|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/breaking-caste-gender-barriers-in-teaching-vedas/articleshow/28158721.cms|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> For the propagation of Vedas, he founded [[Kasyapa Veda Research Foundation]], a charitable trust, headquartered at [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]].<ref name=":1" />

== Kozhikode Somayagam 2014 ==
Rajesh organised the first Somayagam in Kerala in 2014 where all sections of people irrespective of caste, gender or religion participated.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Malabars-First-Somayagam-to-Usher-in-Prosperity/2014/01/03/article1979195.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927031813/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Malabars-First-Somayagam-to-Usher-in-Prosperity/2014/01/03/article1979195.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2016|title=Malabar's First Somayagam to Usher in Prosperity|date=3 January 2014|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cow-male-calf-handed-over-to-Somayagam-organisers/articleshow/26163287.cms|title=Cow, male calf handed over to Somayagam organisers|date=21 November 2013|work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Ramdev|Baba Ramdev]] inaugurated the Somayagam,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/guru-in-city/article5687815.ece|title=Guru in city|date=14 February 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> which was attended by nearly 13 Lakh people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Yagasala-Set-Ablaze-to-Mark-the-Conclusion-of-Week-long-Somayagam/2014/02/20/article2067180.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926235054/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Yagasala-Set-Ablaze-to-Mark-the-Conclusion-of-Week-long-Somayagam/2014/02/20/article2067180.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2016|title=Yagasala Set Ablaze to Mark the Conclusion of Week-long Somayagam|website=|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref>

== ''Prajnanam Brahma'' ==
In the event of 'Prajnanam Brahma',<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/veda-students-to-hold-workshop/article8100780.ece|title=Veda students to hold workshop|author=Staff Reporter|date=13 January 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref> more than 1.5 lakhs of people including the disciples of Rajesh and people leading a Vedic way of Life gathered at Calicut beach in April 2016, upholding the Slogan "God is knowledge, Knowledge for all". The proclamation "Right on Vedas" was made byRajesh in this mega event, in which he declared to the world that everyone has right to learn Vedas and Observe vedic rituals without any discrimination of caste or religion. For the first time in the history of Kerala, a woman was declared as the Vedic priest. 2500 Women chanted Vedic mantras harmoniously in "Prajnanam Brahma".According to Dr.Varma (Vice President Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha) "Prajnanam Brahma" was a milestone in the social and cultural history of Kerala.{{according to whom|date=August 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Vedic-knowledge-cannot-be-confined-to-limits-of-caste-gender/articleshow/51677810.cms|title='Vedic knowledge cannot be confined to limits of caste & gender'|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/brainstorming-session/article8431598.ece|title=Brainstorming session|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 April 2016|access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearyasamaj.org/detailtopstories?topstoryid=1199&topstorypage=eventnews|title=The Arya Samaj - Prajananam Brahma|website=www.thearyasamaj.org|access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.acharyasrirajesh.in/ Official Website]
* [http://facebook.com/AcharyasriRajesh Acharyasri Rajesh] on [[Facebook]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajesh, Acharyasri}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Vedic scholars]]

Nabinagar Thermal Power Project

2025-10-19T17:06:31Z

Glorywebs: Made The Info Initial Version - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Nabinagar Thermal Power Station
| name_official =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption= Location of the Nabinagar (4X250MW) Thermal Power Station
| coordinates = {{coord|24.70|N|84.08|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]], [[Bihar]]
| status = O
| construction_began = 2012
| commissioned = 3 out of 4 units commissioned
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner =
[[Indian Railways]], [[Ministry of Railways]], [[Government of India]]
| operator =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Coal]]
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| ps_units_operational= under construction
| ps_units_manu_model = [[Bharat Heavy Electricals|BHEL]]
| th_cogeneration =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity= 1,000 [[Megawatt|MW]]
| ps_electrical_cap_fac=
| website =
| extra =
}}
The '''Nabinagar Thermal Power Station''' Project (NTPS) of '''Bhartiya Rail Bijlee Company Limited''' is a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] of the [[Indian Railways]], [[Ministry of Railways]], [[Government of India]]. It installs a 4X 250 [[Megawatt|MW]] thermal power plant at [[Nabinagar]] in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/high-drama-in-power-plant-row-191599 |title=High drama in power-plant row |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013041/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/high-drama-in-power-plant-row-191599 |archive-date=2017-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/protest-stalls-power-plant-191414 |title=Protest stalls power plant |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207020902/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/protest-stalls-power-plant-191414 |archive-date=2017-12-07}}</ref> Nearly 90 per cent of the electricity generated from the plant is supplied to the railways to meet nationwide requirements and remaining 10 per cent is given to Bihar.

In 1989, the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] and veteran leader Satyendra Narain Singh conceived the proposal to set up a NTPC's super thermal power project at Nabinagar in Bihar's Aurangabad district to [[Rajiv Gandhi]], the [[Prime Minister of India]] and Congress leader.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605222020/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2011 |title=S N Sinha's brainchild NTPC project gets approval |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref> However, the project went into limbo as the following state governments failed to follow it. In 2007, Manmohan Singh's government finally put a stamp of approval on it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605222020/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2011 |title=PM DR Manmohan Singh Approves NTPC Project in Bihar Promised by Then CM SN Sinha |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |accessdate=23 February 2007}}</ref> The joint venture agreement was signed on 6 November 2007 and the company was incorporated on 22 November 2007. Commercial generation started from Unit-1 and 2 (2X250MW) of Bharatiya Rail Bijli Company Limited in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/first-unit-of-ntpc-rail-jv-synchronised-at-bihar-s-nabinagar-116032000730_1.html|title=First unit of NTPC-Rail JV synchronised at Bihar's Nabinagar|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=20 March 2016|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/abad-power-plant-unit-to-be-commissioned-in-september/articleshow/63537214.cms|title=Aurangabad power plant unit to be commissioned in September|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Need for the plant==
The railways need the plant because of the demands of a globalising economy and mega projects of the Railways such as the planned Dedicated Freight Corridors across the country. The electricity from this plant will be utilized by Indian Railways for running [[Electric locomotive|electric trains]] in [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the eastern and western regions of the country. The [[Union Cabinet of India]] has, in view of the high tariff charged by [[State Electricity Board (disambiguation)#India|State Electricity Board]]s, approved the railways' proposal for using direct power supply from Central generating agencies from the 15 per cent unallocated central share of power. Railways are saving about Rs. 50 [[crore]] per annum due to implementation of these schemes for using direct power supply from NTPC/Central generating agencies. EPC{{clarify|What does this mean?|date=June 2019}} is being undertaken by public sector major [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]].

==Location==
The project site is situated on a state highway which is 25 km south of [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|NH-2]] from [[Barun, India|Barun]], 9 km from ‘Nabinagar Road’ Railway Station and 100 km from [[Gaya Airport]].

==Inputs==
Water requirement for the project is 60 [[cubic feet per second]] which is allocated from the upper stream of the [[Sone River]] ([[Indrapuri Barrage]]). Coal requirement for the project is 5 MTPA.{{clarify|What does this mean?|date=June 2019}} The coal linkage of 5 MTPA has been accorded from Pachra & Pachra south block, [[North Karanpura Coalfield]] of [[Central Coalfields Limited]] which is approximately 215 km from the project site.

==Beneficiaries==
The beneficiaries for the power generated from NTPC{{clarify|What does this mean?|date=June 2019}} are Indian Railways (90%) and Bihar State (10%). PPA{{clarify|What does this mean?|date=June 2019}} has been signed with both of the beneficiaries.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=32428|title=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infraline.com/power/reforms/NabinagarPower.aspx|title = Nabinagar Thermal Power}}</ref>

==Installed capacity==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Unit !! Capacity (In MW) !! Date of Commissioning !! status
|-
| 1 || 250 || 2016 March || Commissioned<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/bhel-commissions-250-mw-thermal-plant-in-bihar-and-other-top-corporate-news-of-the-day-116033100201_1.html|title = BHEL commissions 250 MW thermal plant in Bihar and other Top Corporate News of the day}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 250 || 2017 April || Commissioned <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myiris.com/news/sector/ntpc-commissions-250-mw-unit-of-bhartiya-rail-bijlee-co/20170405102806199|title = NTPC commissions 250 MW unit of Bhartiya Rail Bijlee Co}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 250 || 2019 February || Commissioned<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/bhel-commissions-third-250-mw-unit-at-nabinagar-power-plant-in-bihar-3568451.html|title = BHEL Commissions Third 250-MW Unit at Nabinagar Power Plant in Bihar}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 250 || 2021 December|| Commissioned
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Energy}}
* [[Nabinagar Super Thermal Power Project]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{NTPC Power Stations}}

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Bihar]]
[[Category:Aurangabad district, Bihar]]
[[Category:Railway companies of India]]
[[Category:Son River basin]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2016]]

Babiacetus

2025-09-08T03:00:00Z

Glorywebs: minor edit

{{Short description|Extinct protocetid early whale}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Babiacetus
|image= Babiacetus IITR-SB 2512.jpg
|image_caption= lower jaw of Babiacetus
| fossil_range = [[Eocene|Middle Eocene]], {{Fossil range|47.8|40.4}}
| taxon = Babiacetus
| authority = {{Harvnb|Trivedy|Satsangi|1984}}
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
* ''B. indicus'' {{Harvnb|Trivedy|Satsangi|1984}}
* ''B. mishrai'' {{Harvnb|Bajpai|Thewissen|1998}}
}}

'''''Babiacetus''''' is an [[Extinction|extinct]] [[genus]] of early [[cetacea]]n that lived during the late [[Lutetian]] [[middle Eocene]] of [[India]] ({{Mya|47.8|40.4}}).<ref>{{Paleodb|53315|Babiacetus}}. Retrieved March 2013.</ref><ref name="Babia">{{Paleodb|collection|45592|Babia Hills}}. Retrieved April 2013.</ref>
It was named after its type locality, the [[Harudi Formation]]<ref>{{Paleodb|collection|76316|Harudi}}. Retrieved April 2013.</ref> in the [[Babia Hill]]s ({{Coord|23.5|68.8|display=inline}}: paleocoordinates {{Coord|5.9|61.8|display=inline}}), [[Kutch District]], Gujarat, India.<ref name="Babia" />

== Discovery ==
''Babiacetus'' was named by {{Harvnb|Trivedy|Satsangi|1984}} in an abstract based on the specimen's type (GSI 19647, left and right dentaries with cheek teeth).<ref name="Palaeocritti">{{Cite web
| title = Babiacetus | publisher = Palaeocritti
| url = http://www.palaeocritti.com/by-group/eutheria/cetacea/archaeoceti/babiacetus
| access-date = 27 March 2013}}</ref> Gingerich and colleagues found a skull (GSP-UM 3005, much of a skull and lower jaws)<ref name="Palaeocritti" /> while collecting a skeleton of a new species of ''[[Protosiren]]'' (''Protosiren sattaensis'')<ref>{{Harvnb|Gingerich|Arif|Bhatti|Raza|1995| loc=Introduction, p. 332}}</ref> in the [[Drazinda Formation]] ({{Coord|30.8|N|70.5|E|display=inline}}, paleocoordinates {{Coord|16.9|N|67.1|E|display=inline}})<ref>{{Paleodb|collection|28980|Bari Nadi 2}}. Retrieved April 2013.</ref> in the [[Sulaiman Range]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. {{Harvnb|Gingerich|Arif|Bhatti|Raza|1995}} described both the original find and their new specimen.<ref name="Bajpai-Thewissen-1998">{{Harvnb|Bajpai|Thewissen|1998| pp=226–8}}</ref>
{{Harvnb|Bajpai|Thewissen|1998}} described ''[[Babiacetus mishrai|B. mishrai]]'' from the specimen (RUSB 2512, a partial skull)<ref name="Palaeocritti" /> collected in the Harudi Formation.<ref name="Bajpai-Thewissen-1998" /><ref>{{Paleodb|63126|Babiacetus mishrai}}. Retrieved March 2013.</ref>

== Description ==
''Babiacetus'' is one of the larger protocetids weighing about {{convert|830|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Gingerich-etal">{{Harvnb|Gingerich|Arif|Bhatti|Raza|1995| pp=348–53}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gingerich |first1=Philip D. |last2=Arif |first2=M. |last3=Bhatti |first3=M. Akram |last4=Anwar |first4=M. |last5=Sanders |first5=William J. |year=1997 |title=''Basilosaurus drazindai'' and ''Basiloterus hussaini'', New Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale-Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan) |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/48652/ID519.pdf?sequence=2|journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan|volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=55–81}}</ref> Its hydrodynamic skull and pointed, anteroposteriorly (front-back) oriented [[Incisor|incisors]] are typical of archaeocetes. A densely ossified [[Tympanic part of the temporal bone|auditory bulla]] and large [[mandibular canal]] indicate it was adapted for hearing in water.<ref name="Gingerich-etal-354">{{Harvnb|Gingerich|Arif|Bhatti|Raza|1995| pp=354–5}}</ref> ''Babiacetus'' differs from [[Pakicetidae|pakicetids]] and [[Ambulocetidae|ambulocetids]] (more primitive families) by the large mandibular foramen and a medially concave [[Ramus of the mandible|ascending ramus]]; distinct from [[Remingtonocetidae|remingtonocetids]] and [[Basilosauridae|basilosaurids]] (more derived families) by the single-cusped [[trigonid]] and [[talonid]] on the lower molars.<ref name="Bajpai-Thewissen-1998" /> Its long [[synostotic]] (fused) [[mandibular symphysis]], which reaches as far back as P2, distinguishes it from ''[[Pappocetus]]'' and ''[[Georgiacetus]]'' (other protocetids). Its auditory bulla is more narrow than ''[[Rodhocetus]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>. ''Babiacetus'' lacks the prominent molar protocone present in ''[[Indocetus]]''.<ref name="Williams">{{Harvnb|Williams|1998| pp=12–13}}</ref> The anterior [[Premolar|premolars]] are large.<ref name="Gingerich-etal" />

The [[mandible]] is longer in ''[[Babiacetus indicus|B. indicus]]'' than in ''B. mishrai'', and P1 is single-rooted in the former but double-rooted in the latter. The [[Diastema (dentistry)|diastemata]] between P1 and P4 in ''B. indicus'' is absent in ''B. mishrai''. ''B. indicus'' has larger cheek teeth and a larger M3.<ref name="Williams" />

== Palaeobiology ==
The teeth of ''Babiacetus'' exhibit substantial [[Spall|spalling]], suggesting that this cetacean fed on hard-bodied [[Predation|prey]] of relatively large size.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thewissen |first1=J. G. M. |last2=Sensor |first2=Jennifer D. |last3=Clementz |first3=Mark T. |last4=Bajpai |first4=Sunil |date=Fall 2011 |title=Evolution of dental wear and diet during the origin of whales |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/abs/evolution-of-dental-wear-and-diet-during-the-origin-of-whales/502EC50E22A74FA8AA7092CBA74C70BB |journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] |language=en |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=655–669 |doi=10.1666/10038.1 |issn=0094-8373 |access-date=16 September 2024 |via=Cambridge Core|url-access=subscription }}</ref> To date, only cranial remains have been found, hence nothing is known of ''Babicetus''<nowiki>'</nowiki> mode of locomotion or degree of aquatic adaptation.<ref name="Gingerich-etal-354" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Bajpai | first1 = S.
| last2 = Thewissen | first2 = J. G. M.
| chapter = Middle Eocene Cetaceans from the Harudi and Subathu Formations of India | pages = 213–233
| editor-last = Thewissen | editor-first = J. G. M.
| title = The Emergence of Whales | series = Advances in vertebrate paleobiology
| year = 1998 | location = New York | publisher = Plenum Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zgWIL6ELoJoC&pg=PA213 | access-date = 27 March 2013
| isbn = 9780306458538 | oclc = 300450327 }}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Gingerich | first1 = Philip D.
| last2 = Arif | first2 = Muhammad
| last3 = Bhatti | first3 = M. Akram
| last4 = Raza | first4 = Hilal A.
| last5 = Raza | first5 = S. Mahmood
| title = Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)
| year = 1995 | journal = Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology | volume = 29 | issue = 12 | pages = 331–57
| hdl = 2027.42/48651
| oclc = 742731921 }}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Trivedy | first1 = A. N.
| last2 = Satsangi | first2 = P. P.
| title = A new archaeocete (whale) from the Eocene of India
| year = 1984 | journal = Abstracts of 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow | volume = 1 | pages = 322–23
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Williams | first = Ellen M.
| chapter = Synopsis of the Earliest Cetaceans
| editor-last = Thewissen | editor-first = J. G. M.
| title = The Emergence of Whales | series = Advances in vertebrate paleobiology
| year = 1998 | location = New York | publisher = Plenum Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zgWIL6ELoJoC&pg=PA12
| isbn = 9780306458538 | oclc = 300450327 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Archaeoceti}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16748752}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Protocetidae]]
[[Category:Prehistoric cetacean genera]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1984]]
[[Category:Extinct animals of India]]

Udhagamandalam railway station

2025-08-17T03:34:07Z

Glorywebs: add references additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Udagamandalam
| native_name = Ooty
| native_name_lang =
| type = [[Light rail]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Udhagamandalam Railway Station Building.jpg
| image_caption = Udagamandalam railway station
| address =
| borough = Nilgiri
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|11.4053|76.6962|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Tamil Nadu
| elevation = {{convert|2200|m}}
| line = [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]]
| connections = Bus
| distance = 500 metres
| structure = At-grade
| platform = 2<ref name="ir">{{cite web | url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/udagamandalam-uam/2915 | title=Indiarailinfo - UAM | publisher=Indiarailinfo | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
| depth = 2000 feet
| levels = 2
| tracks = 3
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1908}}
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| electrified = NO
| accessible = yes
| code = UAM
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| zone = [[Indian Railways]]
| smartcardname = -
| smartcardstatus = -
| former = Ooty terminus
| passengers = 1 crore 2 lakhs
| pass_year = 90000
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers = 5000
| services = 2
| map_locator =
| route_map = NILGIRI MOUNTAIN RAILWAY MAP
| map_state =
}}

'''Udagamandalam railway station''', also known as '''Ooty railway station''',(station code: UAM<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=3 |format=PDF |date=1 April 2023}}</ref>) is an NSG–4 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Salem railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn" /> It is a [[terminus station]] in [[Ooty]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="mountain_rly">{{cite news|title=Ooty celebrates Mountain Railway Day|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/16/stories/2006101600810200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128194629/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/16/stories/2006101600810200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 October 2006|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> The terminus is a part of the [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]], a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrations to mark centenary of Nilgiri Mountain Railway|first=S.|last=Vydhianathan|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/12/stories/2008101254511100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015222948/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/12/stories/2008101254511100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2008|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>

== History ==
The station was opened in year 1908, when Nilgiri Mountain Railway line was extended to Udagamandalam.<ref name=mountain_rly/> The railway code for Udagamandalam is UAM.<ref name=time_table>[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/5394 Nilgiri Mountain Railway time table]</ref> The heritage Nilgiri Mountain railway takes almost two hours of journey to travel down to town of [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]] in [[Coimbatore]] at the foothill of Nilgiri mountains.<ref name=time_table/>

== Projects and development ==
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under ''Amrit Bharat Station Scheme'' of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=AMRIT BHARAT STATIONS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |date=10 Feb 2023 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]]
* [[Kalka–Shimla railway]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1908]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Nilgiris district]]
[[Category:Transport in Ooty]]
[[Category:Railway terminus in India]]
[[Category:Mountain railways in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ooty]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ooty]]

{{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}

Baghmara, Jharkhand

2025-08-13T20:46:26Z

Glorywebs: New First Data From Scratch

{{Short description|Village in the Dhanbad district}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Baghmara
| native_name = Baghmara
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|42|57|N|86|31|27|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body = Baghmara Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 6
| area_total_km2 = 10.67
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 196
| population_total = 7,655
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 = Sarpanch
| leader_name1 = Sanjit Kumar Gorain
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 =
| demographics2_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 828201 (Baliapur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 0326
| registration_plate = JH 10
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sindri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sindri]]
| website = {{URL|dhanbad.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Baghmara Baliapur
}}

'''Baghmara''' is a village in [[Baliapur (community development block)|Baliapur CD Block]] in [[Dhanbad district]] of [[Jharkhand, India]].The nearest railway station to Baghmara is Rakhitpur Station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baghmara Village Population - Baliapur - Dhanbad, Jharkhand |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/361924-baghmara-jharkhand.html |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Police station ==
Baliapur police station serves Baghmara Village.

== Transport ==
Deuli-Khairpal Road passes through Here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Dhanbad, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} Coal Capital of India {{!}} India |url=https://dhanbad.nic.in/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Education and Healthcare ==
There are 10 schools and 1 hospital in this Village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary Schools in Baghmara|url=https://www.justdial.com/Dhanbad/Primary-Schools-in-Baghmara/nct-10854608|website=justdial.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dhanbad district]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Heralds of Good News

2025-08-07T09:32:23Z

Glorywebs: new

{{Short description|Catholic religious order}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Heralds of Good News
| native_name = Societas Praeconum Bonae Notitiae
| native_name_lang = la
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| abbreviation = HGN
| nickname =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1984|10|14}}
| founder = [[Jose Kaimlett]]
| founding_location = [[Kurukuru]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]]), [[India]]
| type = Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right for Men
| num_members = 714 members (includes 476 priests) as of 2022
| headquarters = R.S. Post, Eluru-534005, West Godav, [[Tangellamudi]], [[India]]
| leader_title2 = Superior General
| leader_name2 = Thomas Kappumkal
| parent_organization = [[Catholic Church]]
| website = {{URL|heraldsofgoodnews.org}}
| footnotes = <ref name=catholichierarchy>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dqhgn.html |title=Heralds of Good News, H.G.N. |website=Catholic Hierarchy |date= |author= |accessdate= 19 July 2025}}</ref>
| former_name = Heralds of Good News
}}

The '''Heralds of Good News''' ({{langx|la|Societas Praeconum Bonae Notitiae}}), is a [[Catholic]] clerical male [[religious congregation]] of [[pontifical right]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://johnpaulprovincehgn.org/about-heralds-of-good-news/ |title=About Heralds of Good News |publisher=johnpaulprovincehgn.org |accessdate=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==History==

The congregation was founded on 14 October 1984 by [[Jose Kaimlett]], who was born in [[Palackattumala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hgnstpauls.org/heralds-good-news/history-ofGoodNews.php |title=History of Heralds of Good News |publisher=hgnstpauls.org |accessdate=19 July 2025}}</ref> In December 1976, [[Paul VI]] established the diocese of Eluru by taking part of the territory of the Diocese of Vijayawada (it). Father Jose Kaimlett was appointed to lead this change. After the establishment of the new ecclesiastical district, he continued to serve the diocese, realizing the shortage of priests, and wanted to found a society of apostolic life to help the Church promote priestly vocations, but his responsibilities prevented him from carrying out his project. In 1984, his mission in the diocese was more or less accomplished, he obtained the agreement, approval of the constitutions and support of [[John Mulagada]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Eluru|Eluru]], to create his society.

On following 12 December, were established in Kurukkuru the mother house and the first minor seminary. On 2 February 1985, the founder, three priests, and two brothers made a permanent commitment to the institute in the presence of the bishop. After Mass, the members unanimously elected Father Jose Kaimlett as the society's first director general. He was re-elected on 26 December 1990, during the second general chapter. On 5 May 1991, bishop Mulagada, in accordance with the directives of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]], established the Institute of Heralds of Good News as a clerical missionary society of apostolic life under diocesan law. The institute was recognized on 5 may 1999 by [[John Paul II]] and received approval of its constitutions from the [[Holy See]] on 15 August 2009.

Two other societies of apostolic life under diocesan law were founded by Father Jose Kaimlett: the Sisters of the Good News in 1992 and the Missionary Fathers of Compassion in 2003.

==Activity and dissemination==

The Society's goal is to encourage vocations to the priesthood and to train clergy for missions and territories where they are lacking. They are present in: Asia ([[India]], [[Papua New Guinea]]); America: ([[Canada]], [[United States]], [[Guatemala]]); Africa: ([[South Africa]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]]); Europe: ([[Italy]], [[Netherlands]]).

On 13 May 2021, [[pope Francis]] appointed [[Siby Mathew Peedikayil]] as bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Aitape|Aitape]] (Papua New Guinea).

==See also==
{{Portal|Catholicism}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://heraldsofgoodnews.org/ |title=Official website (English)}}
{{Catholic congregation}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heralds of Good News}}
[[Category:1984 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in India]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1984]]
[[Category:Catholic missionary orders]]
[[Category:Catholic religious institutes established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Organisations based in India]]

V. C. Govindasamy

2025-07-08T06:43:43Z

Glorywebs:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''V. C. Govindasamy''' (15 September 1941 - 8 July 2025) was an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Kaveripattinam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kaveripattinam constituency]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]], and [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989 elections]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf 1989 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

Also he was a District Chairman of Agricultural Marketing Committee from 2007 to 2011

He was a participant in the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu#Agitation of 1965|1964-65 Anti-Hindi agitation]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Govindasamy Gounder, V. C.}}
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1971–1976]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}

Lovepreet Singh (weightlifter)

2025-06-27T11:46:10Z

Glorywebs: Made A Bio From Scratch - done

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Lovepreet Singh
| image = Lovepreet Singh.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Singh in August 2022
| fullname =
| nickname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence =
| alma mater =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|9|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref>{{cite news |title=Commonwealth Games 2022 squad: Full list of athletes in Indian weightlifting team |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/know-your-athlete/india-team-weightlifting-commonwealth-games-2022-full-list-of-players-cwg/article65653787.ece |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Sportstar |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 182 cm<ref>{{cite news |title=Birmingham 2022 Results |url=https://results.birmingham2022.com/#/athlete-details/24258 |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=results.birmingham2022.com |language=en}}</ref>
| weight = 109 kg
| website =
| country =
| sport = [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]]
| event = 109 kg
| collegeteam =
| universityteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| partner =
| former_partner =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| show-medals = y
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 109 kg|109 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2021 Tashkent]]|109 kg}}
| updated = 2 August 2022
}}

'''Lovepreet Singh''' (born 6 September 1997) is an Indian [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifter]] who competes in the men's 109 kg weight category. He won the silver medal at the [[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships: Lovepreet Singh wins silver, Anuradha Pavunraj clinches bronze |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-weightlifting-championships-2021-lovepreet-singh-109kg-results |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Olympics.com}}</ref> and bronze medal at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lovepreet Singh clinches 9th weightlifting medal, wins bronze in men's 109kg final at Commonwealth Games 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games/lovepreet-singh-clinches-9th-weightlifting-medal-wins-bronze-in-men-s-109kg-final-at-commonwealth-games-2022-101659521622516.html |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, he won bronze at the Asian Youth Championships<ref>{{cite news |title=Lovepreet Singh wins bronze at Asian Youth Weightlifting |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/lovepreet-singh-wins-bronze-at-asian-youth-weightlifting-117072801733_1.html |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Business Standard |date=28 July 2017}}</ref> and gold at the Junior Commonwealth Championships in the 105 kg category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lovepreet lifts gold |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/briefly-sports-466924 |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=The Tribune India |language=en}}</ref> He works for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Naval Sailor Silver Medal {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/naval-sailor-silver-medal |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Indian Navy}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IWF|14496}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Lovepreet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian male weightlifters]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Amritsar]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games weightlifters for India]]
{{India-weightlifting-bio-stub}}

Kishorchandra Vankavala

2025-06-24T22:12:49Z

Glorywebs: fixed issues

#REDIRECT [[Kishor Vankawala]]

Sonari College

2025-06-11T03:46:48Z

Glorywebs: minor cleanup

{{Short description|College in Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university |
name = Sonari College|
image = |
type = Public|
established = 1970 |
principal = Dr. Bimal Chandra Gogoi |
city = [[Sonari]], [[Charaideo]] |
state = [[Assam]] |
country = [[India]] |
colors = |
affiliations = [[Dibrugarh University]] |
website = [http://www.sonaricollege.edu.in/ www.sonaricollege.edu.in]
|}}
'''Sonari College''', established in 1970, is a general degree college situated at [[Sonari]], in [[Charaideo]] district, [[Assam]]. This college is affiliated with the [[Dibrugarh University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated College of Dibrugarh University | url=https://www.dibru.ac.in/academics/colleges}}</ref> This College offers bachelor's degree courses in science and arts.

== Departments ==
=== Arts ===
*[[Assamese language | Assamese]]
*[[Economics]]
*[[Education]]
*[[English language | English]]
*[[History]]
*[[Political Science]]

=== Science ===
*[[Botany]]
*[[Chemistry]]
*[[Physics]]
*[[Mathematics]]
*[[Zoology]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.sonaricollege.in/|website=sonaricollege.in|title=Sonari College|access-date=2017-08-30}}
{{coord|27.0272|95.0252|type:edu_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}}

{{Dibrugarh University}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Assam]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Dibrugarh University]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1970]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Assam]]

Richard Udny

2025-05-27T20:53:36Z

Glorywebs: new initial data initial version...

'''Sir Richard Udny''', KCSI (18 July 1847 – 24 April 1923) was an official in [[British India]], best known for his role in defining the border with the [[Emirate of Afghanistan]]. He took part in the border survey for the stretch between the [[Hindu Kush]] range in the north-east to [[Landi Kotal]]. This demarcation was the first stage in making the [[Durand Line]] of 1893 concrete in geographical terms, a process that lasted into the 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hay |first1=W. R. |last2=Crone |first2=D. R. |title=Demarcation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary in the Vicinity of Arandu |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=1933 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=351–354 |doi=10.2307/1785903 |jstor=1785903 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785903 |issn=0016-7398|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Early life==
He was the son of [[George Udny]], born in [[Calcutta]] on 18 July 1847. He graduated M.A. from [[Aberdeen University]] in 1866, and matriculated at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] in the Michaelmas term that year, at which time his father was given as of [[St Andrews]]. In 1867 he took the [[Indian Civil Service|Imperial Civil Service]] examination, and was admitted to the [[Middle Temple]].<ref name="Roll">{{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=William |title=Roll of the Graduates of the University of Aberdeen, 1860-1900 |date=1906 |publisher=Aberdeen |page=563 |url=https://archive.org/details/rollofgraduateso00univuoft/page/563/mode/1up}}</ref><ref name="acad">{{acad|id=UDNY866R|name=Udny, Richard}}</ref>

In 1869 Udny entered the [[Bengal Civil Service]], in which his father had worked.<ref name="WW">{{Who's Who | title=Udny, Sir Richard | id = U204059 | access-date = 6 November 2020 }}</ref> In 1875 he was an Assistant Commissioner in the [[Kohat District]] of the [[Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Hart's Annual Army List, Militia List, and Imperial Yeomanry List |date=1875 |publisher=J. Murray. |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1g2fTZfZGYC&pg=PT17 |language=en}}</ref>

==The frontier and Afghanistan==
A [[Pashto]] speaker,<ref name="Hutchinson">{{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=H. D. |title=The Campaign in Tirah 1897-1898 |date=1898 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-0-9815378-5-6 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDTM7SsQiOcC&pg=PA103 |language=en}}</ref> Udny served as political officer on British [[punitive expedition]]s, such as the [[Jowaki Expedition]] of 1877, and the operation against the [[Mahsud]] of Waziristan in 1881.<ref name="WW"/> From 1878 to 1882 he was Deputy Commissioner of [[Bannu District]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beattie |first1=Hugh |title=Tribe and State in Waziristan 1849-1883 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28895/1/10673067.pdf |website=eprints.soas.ac.uk |publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies|page=283|date=1997}}</ref> He had the [[Kurram Valley]] special mission in 1888, when he negotiated with [[Sardar Shireendil Khan]] to rectify wrongs done to the [[Turi (Pashtun tribe)|Turi]].<ref name="IBD">{{cite IBD1915|wstitle=Udny, Sir Richard}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McChesney |first1=Robert |last2=Khorrami |first2=Mohammad Mehdi |title=The History of Afghanistan|date=19 December 2012 |volume=1 (6 vol. set): Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah’s Sirāj al-tawārīkh |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-23498-7 |page=1246 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9QkzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1246 |language=en}}</ref>

Udny was appointed Commissioner for the [[Peshawar Division]] in 1891, staying in the post until 1898.<ref name="IBD"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Plarr |first1=Victor |title=Men and Women of the Time; a dictionary of contemporaries |date=1899 |publisher=G. Routledge |location=London |page=1101 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924029787136/page/n1115/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1891, he accompanied the Miranzai Expedition to the [[Samana Range]], and the following year the Isazai Expedition against [[the Black Mountain tribes]].<ref name="WW"/>

Udny became Commissioner for Delimitation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary, serving 1894–5 and 1896–7.<ref name="IBD"/> In 1894 Udny and [[Thomas Holdich]] as surveyor went to the frontier at [[Landi Khana railway station|Landi Khana]]. There they were met by an Afghan escort, and on the way to [[Kabul]] were joined by Ghulam Haidar Khan, ''[[sipah salar]]'' to the Amir, [[Abdur Rahman Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sykes |first1=Percy |title=A History of Afghanistan|volume=1 & 2 |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-84587-4 |page=183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXAABAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA183 |language=en}}</ref> At [[Jalalabad]] in August, a negotiation over the [[Mohmand District|Mohand]] boundary was put into place, to save the Durand Agreement. A point in the [[Kunar Valley]] was chosen, north and east of which the originally intended line was used for demarcation. The remainder, to Landi Kotal, was left undefined.<ref>{{Gutenberg | no=61144 | name= From the Black Mountain to Waziristan | author= Harold Carmichael Wylly | year= 1912 | bullet= none | chapter= Chapter IX}} </ref>

When Udny returned to the frontier and the boundary commission survey in 1897, the situation was tense. A tribal insurgency around the [[Malakand Pass]] in July, on the British side of the new frontier, provoked a British military response under [[Bindon Blood]], to relieve the [[siege of Malakand]]. The rising spread south to the [[Khyber Pass]], the route to Landi Kotal.<ref>{{cite book |title=Contributions to Asian Studies|volume=10 |date=1977 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=978-90-04-04926-0 |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA98 |language=en}}</ref> On the British side, Udny, supported by [[Harold Deane]], believed Ghulam Haidar Khan was fomenting the tribal uprising under orders, despite denials from the Amir. Holdich was not so definite, thinking from personal knowledge that Ghulam Haidar Khan's motivations were more religious than political. [[William Lee-Warner]] tended to agree with Udny.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Holland |first1=Robert |last2=Stockwell |first2=Sarah |title=Ambiguities of Empire: Essays in Honour of Andrew Porter |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-99075-8 |pages=83–84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ET_dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Mohmand campaign of 1897–98]] was already under way. On 18 August Udny ordered Captain William Barton, commanding the [[Khyber Rifles]] at Landi Kotal, to retreat, an incident about which a parliamentary question was later asked by [[Bernard Molloy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=KHYBER RIFLES AT LUNDI KOTAL. (Hansard, 14 March 1898) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1898/mar/14/khyber-rifles-at-lundi-kotal |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref>

The Viceroy of India, [[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin]], was less convinced of the Amir's involvement in the frontier disturbances. Udny and Sir William Cuningham, however, had intelligence reports in September of covert support from the Afghan regular forces to the [[Afridi]] insurgents who were in arms by late August.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Holland |first1=Robert |last2=Stockwell |first2=Sarah |title=Ambiguities of Empire: Essays in Honour of Andrew Porter |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-99075-8 |page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ET_dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Orakzai Chiefs at Maidan, Frontier, 1897.jpg|thumb|Meeting of [[Orakzai]] chiefs with British forces, November 1897, at [[Maidan, Lower Dir District|Maidan]], an occasion on which Udny interpreted]]

Udny acted as Pashto interpreter for [[William Lockhart (Indian Army officer)|Sir William Lockhart]]. He was chief of the political staff, which included also [[Robert Warburton]], for the subsequent [[Tirah campaign]].<ref name="Hutchinson"/><ref name="WW"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial And Asiatic Quarterly Review And Oriental And Colonial Record 3rd Series Vol.5 |date=1898 |page=218 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104604/page/n225/mode/2up}}</ref>

==Later life==
Udny retired in 1899. He died on 24 April 1923 at [[St Helier]], Jersey.<ref name="acad"/> The ''[[Illustrated London News]]'' called him "a great frontier officer".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Illustrated London News |date=1923 |publisher=Illustrated London News & Sketch Limited |page=745 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5McAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA745 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Udny became a Companion of the [[Order of the Star of India]] in 1894, and a Knight Commander of the Order in 1897.<ref name="Roll"/>

==Family==
Udny was twice married, firstly, in 1883, to Alice Tomkins (died 1904), daughter of [[Samuel Tomkins]], a London banker, and sister of William Percival Tomkins of the Royal Engineers.<ref name="IBD"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Howard |first1=Joseph Jackson |last2=Crisp |first2=Frederick Arthur |title=Visitation of England and Wales |date=1893 |publisher=Priv. printed |location=London |page=114|volume=5 |url=https://archive.org/details/visitationenglan05howa/page/114/mode/1up}}</ref> His second wife, from 1917, was Edith Phyllis Davies, daughter of William Davies of Liverpool.<ref>{{cite book |title=Debrett's Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage |date=1931 |publisher=Dean & Son, limited |page=1334 |language=en}}</ref> He had one daughter with Edith, (Anne) Patricia, born in 1918.<ref name="WW"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Births |work=Westminster Gazette|page=4 |date=17 April 1918}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=The Tatler|page=18 |date=15 April 1936}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udny, Richard}}
[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]

List of chief ministers of Odisha

2025-05-26T17:45:45Z

Glorywebs: small changes

#REDIRECT [[Chief Minister of Odisha]]
{{Rcat shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Koose Munisamy Veerappan (TV series)

2025-02-14T12:28:28Z

Glorywebs: creating some data w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Koose Munisamy Veerappan (TV series).jpg
| caption = Release poster
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = [[True crime]] [[docuseries]]
| creator = Jeyachandra Hashmi, Prabbhavathi RV, Vasanth Balakrishnan
| based_on = [[Veerappan]]
| developer =
| director = Sharath Jothi
| writer = Jeyachandra Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
| creative_director =
| starring =
| music = Satish Raghunathan
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes = 6
| executive_producer =
| producer = Prabbhavathi RV
| location =
| cinematography = Raj Kumar PM
| editor = Ram Pandian
| camera =
| runtime = 256 mins
| company = Dheeran Productions
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|12|14|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Koose Munisamy Veerappan''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language [[true crime]] docuseries by [[ZEE5]],<ref>{{Citation | title=ZEE5 announces Tamil original docu-series ‘Koose Munisamy Veerappan’ | url=https://www.adgully.com/zee5-announces-tamil-original-docu-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-139315.html | access-date=5 December 2023 | archive-date=5 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205035711/https://www.adgully.com/zee5-announces-tamil-original-docu-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-139315.html | url-status=live }}</ref> created by Jeyachandra Hashmi, Prabbhavathi and Vasanth Balakrishnan. It is directed by Sharath Jothi and produced by Prabhavathi RV. It premiered on 14 December 2023.<ref>{{Citation | title=Koose Munisamy Veerappan - Unseen Veerappan Tapes gets a new streaming date |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/koose-munisamy-veerappan-unseen-veerappan-tapes-gets-a-new-streaming-date/311f737c4b242 |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title=‘Koose Munisamy Veerappan OTT release date - When and where to watch the docu-series on Veerappan |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/koose-munisamy-veerappan-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-docu-series-on-veerappan/1fb9b230c8144 |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title=Docu-Series 'Koose Munisamy Veerappan' to Premiere on OTT Platform on December 8 |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/docu-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-to-premiere-on-ott-platform-on-december-8/articleshow/105534248.cms |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> The series explores the life of Veerappan using footage shot by [[Nakkeeran Gopal]] and archived by [[Nakkheeran]].

==Overview==
The series delves into the life of the infamous Indian poacher and domestic terrorist [[Veerappan]], and features unseen real-life footage along with bits of narration by the bandit himself.<ref>{{Citation | title=Koose Munisamy Veerappan trailer: Veerappan turns narrator of his own life's story | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/koose-munisamy-veerappan-trailer-veerappan-turns-narrator-of-his-own-lifes-story-2467046-2023-11-24 | access-date=5 December 2023 | archive-date=5 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205035706/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/koose-munisamy-veerappan-trailer-veerappan-turns-narrator-of-his-own-lifes-story-2467046-2023-11-24 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title=This show on ZEE5 will teach you everything about Veerappan | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/251123/this-show-on-zee5-will-teach-you-everything-about-veerappan.html | access-date=5 December 2023 | archive-date=5 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205020724/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/251123/this-show-on-zee5-will-teach-you-everything-about-veerappan.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

Affirming the authenticity of the series, Journalist [[Nakkeeran Gopal]] in an official statement said, "We have invested huge efforts and taken significant risks to secure an interview with Veerappan. For the first time, this detailed version of the interview will be presented in a documentary narrative to the audience on the ZEE5 OTT platform under the title Koose Munisamy Veerappan."<ref>{{Citation
|title = ZEE5 announces Tamil docu-series Koose Munisamy Veerappan
|url = https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/nov/24/zee5-announces-tamil-docu-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-49847.html
|access-date = 5 December 2023
|website = cinemaexpress
|language = en
|archive-date = 5 December 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231205035706/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/nov/24/zee5-announces-tamil-docu-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-49847.html
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

==Episodes==
===Season 1===
{{Episode table |background=#016640 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = First Blood
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jeyachandra Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Into The Wild
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jayachandran Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The War
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jayachandran Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = The Hunt for
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jayachandran Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Bait Worms
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jayachandran Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = The beginning
|DirectedBy = Sharath Jothi
|WrittenBy = Jayachandran Hashmi, Sharath Jothi, Vasanth Balakrishnan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #016640
}}
}}

==Cast==
*Mahe Thangam as [[Veerappan]]
*[[Nakkeeran Gopal]], journalist & MD of Nakkheeran Publications
*Pa Pa Mohan, advocate
*DGP Retd. Alexander IPS
*[[N. Ram]], former editor of [[The Hindu]]
*[[Seeman]], leader NTK party
*Jeeva Thangavel, journalist
*[[Rohini (actress)]], social worker

==Marketing==
The trailer of the series was released on 23 November 2023.<ref>{{Citation
|title = வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றை எடுத்துரைக்கும் ‘கூச முனுசாமி வீரப்பன்’ - வெளியான டாக்குமெண்டரி சீரிஸ் ட்ரைலர்!
|url = https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/koose-munisamy-veerappan-documentary-series-trailer-released
|access-date = 5 December 2023
|website = nakkheeran
|language = ta
|archive-date = 5 December 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231205035711/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/koose-munisamy-veerappan-documentary-series-trailer-released
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|title = Koose Munisamy Veerappan: Trailer Of Riveting Tamil Original Docu-Series Out Now
|url = https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/koose-munisamy-veerappan-trailer-of-riveting-tamil-original-docu-series-out-now-1645032
|access-date = 5 December 2023
|website = abplive
|language = en
|archive-date = 5 December 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231205035706/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/koose-munisamy-veerappan-trailer-of-riveting-tamil-original-docu-series-out-now-1645032
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

==Premiere and availability==
"Koose Munisamy Veerappan" was scheduled to premiere exclusively on [[ZEE5]] as a part of its original programming, on 8 December 2023. The release was pushed to 14 December after the devastating rains and floods in Chennai.<ref>{{Citation | title=ZEE5 Tamil Series Koose Munisamy Veerappan Postponed To New Date |url= https://www.binged.com/news/zee5-tamil-series-koose-munisamy-veerappan-postponed-to-new-date/
|access-date=7 December 2023 | website= binged|language=en}}</ref> The series will be available for viewers both in India and across the globe.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Reception==
"Koose Munisamy Veerappan" received mostly positive reviews. [[The New Indian Express]] commented that the series is a "crash course into the tale of the notorious anti-hero."<ref>{{Citation | title=Koose Munisamy Veerappan Documentary Review: A paisa-vasool crash course into the tale of the notorious anti-hero | url=https://cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/15/koose-munisamy-veerappan-documentary-review-a-paisa-vasool-crash-course-into-the-tale-of-the-notori-50403.html | access-date=17 December 2023 | website=CinemaExpress | language=en | archive-date=19 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119105735/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/15/koose-munisamy-veerappan-documentary-review-a-paisa-vasool-crash-course-into-the-tale-of-the-notori-50403.html | url-status=live }}</ref> ''South First'' published, "If you want to learn the truth, Koose Munisamy Veerappan is a documentary you must not miss."<ref>{{Citation | title=Koose Munisamy Veerappan web series review: This docu-series presents Veerappan’s version of the story | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/koose-munisamy-veerappan-web-series-review-this-docu-series-presents-veerappans-version-of-the-story/ | access-date=17 December 2023 | website=SouthFirst | language=en | archive-date=17 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217125429/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/koose-munisamy-veerappan-web-series-review-this-docu-series-presents-veerappans-version-of-the-story/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[NTV (India)]]'' rated it 3 out of 5 stars and called it a must watch series.<ref>{{Citation | title=Koose Munisamy Veerappan review | url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/koose-munisamy-veerappan-unseen-veerappan-tapes-review-and-rating-in-telugu-503524.html | access-date=17 December 2023 | website=NTV Telugu | language=te | archive-date=17 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217125429/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/koose-munisamy-veerappan-unseen-veerappan-tapes-review-and-rating-in-telugu-503524.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[The Hunt for Veerappan]]
*[[Killing Veerappan]]
*[[Veerappan (2016 film)]]
*[[Attahasa]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id= tt30150229}}
*[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/koose-munisamy-veerappan/0-6-4z5469248 ''Koose Munisamy Veerappan''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language documentary television series]]
[[Category:Biographical films about bandits]]
[[Category:2020s documentary television series]]
[[Category:Indian docudrama films]]
[[Category:Illegal logging in India]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]

Trade Union Centre of India

2025-02-09T05:16:42Z

Glorywebs: minor cleanup lead for clarity additionally and fixed typos

{{short description|Trade union in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
'''Trade Union Centre of India''' is a national central trade union organization in [[India]]. It is linked to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star]]. Initially it was founded as the trade union wing of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag]].

The 5th All India Conference of TUCI was held in [[Mumbai]] 15–17 October 2007. The conference elected a 42-member National Council, a 13-member Central Committee and 7 office-bearers: are in the Central Committee, of whom the seven office-bearers are: Bharat Bhushan Pandey ([[Chhattisgarh]]), president, Amrish Patel ([[Gujarat]]), vice-president, Sivaraman ([[Kerala]]), vice-president, Sanjay Singhvi ([[Maharashtra]]), general secretary, T.C. Subramanian ([[Kerala]]), secretary, D.H. Poojar ([[Karnataka]]), secretary and Pratap Harmalkar ([[Maharashtra]]), treasurer.<ref>[http://www.cpiml.in/071112.htm Visit our Guest Book]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Organized labour}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}

[[Category:Trade unions in India]]
[[Category:National trade union centres of India]]
[[Category:Mass organisations of CPI(ML) Red Flag]]

{{India-trade-union-stub}}

Amagaon, Palghar

2024-07-08T18:39:03Z

Glorywebs: New First Article From Scratch

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amagaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.1872517|N|72.8781322|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Talasari]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 39
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2185
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551540
| footnotes =
}}
'''Amagaon''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Talasari]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Amagaon has 403 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 58.57%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2185 || 1074 || 1111
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 365 || 169 || 196
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 5 || 3 || 2
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 2132 || 1042 || 1090
|-
| Literates || 1066 || 633 || 433
|-
| Workers (all) || 1137 || 585 || 552
|-
| Main workers (total) || 717 || 468 || 249
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 227 || 157 || 70
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 189 || 82 || 107
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 16 || 7 || 9
|-
| Main workers: Other || 285 || 222 || 63
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 420 || 117 || 303
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 165 || 39 || 126
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 123 || 20 || 103
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 131 || 58 || 73
|-
| Non-workers || 1048 || 489 || 559
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Talasari taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Talasari taluka]]