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Bhool Chuk Maaf

2026-05-08T06:35:22Z

Geri3389994518: adding a pg

{{Short description|2025 Hindi film by Karan Sharma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhool Chuk Maaf
| image = Bhool Chuk Maaf film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Karan Sharma
| writer = Karan Sharma Haider Rizvi
| producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rajkummar Rao]]
*[[Wamiqa Gabbi]]
*[[Seema Pahwa]]
*[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]
*[[Raghubir Yadav]]
*[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Sudeep Chatterjee]]
| editing = Manish Pradhan
| music = '''Score:''' Ketan Sodha '''Songs:''' [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| studio = [[Amazon MGM Studios]] [[Maddock Films]]
| distributor = {{ubl
| [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]] (India)
| [[Yash Raj Films]] (International)
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|05|23}}
| runtime = 121 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bhool-chuk-maaf-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi5otm3|title=''Bhool Chuk Maaf'' (12A) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf (2025)|url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTE5MDQyMDI1MDAxOTU= |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India United States
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}50 crore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2025-08-28 |title=Mid-budget films power Bollywood's box office comeback |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/midbudget-films-power-bollywoods-box-office-comeback-11756369080714.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}90.78 crore<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-chuk-maaf/box-office/ |access-date=24 May 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422004122/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-chuk-maaf/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''''Bhool Chuk Maaf''''' ({{Translation|Forgive my mistakes}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by Karan Sharma, and produced by [[Dinesh Vijan]] under [[Maddock Films]], in association with [[Amazon MGM Studios]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi's Bhool Chuk Maaf' teaser promises heady cocktail of love, fate, and redemption |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-promises-heady-cocktail-of-love-fate-and-redemption/articleshow/118352120.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=25 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325143354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-promises-heady-cocktail-of-love-fate-and-redemption/articleshow/118352120.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] and [[Seema Pahwa]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-27 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi's time-loop comedy Bhool Chuk Maaf gets release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2025/Mar/27/rajkummar-rao-and-wamiqa-gabbis-time-loop-comedy-bhool-chuk-maaf-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajguru |first=Sumit |date=2025-04-09 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Actor Rajkummar Rao Is Looking For 'Sarkaari Naukri' BUT Here's The Twist |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-actor-rajkummar-rao-is-looking-for-sarkaari-naukri-but-heres-the-twist-article-151380432 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410111454/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-actor-rajkummar-rao-is-looking-for-sarkaari-naukri-but-heres-the-twist-article-151380432 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released on 23 May 2025 and received mixed reviews from critics.

==Plot==
Titli Mishra and Ranjan Tiwari are lovers in [[Varanasi]] who are eager to marry, but Titli's father, Brijmohan Mishra, stipulates that Ranjan must have a government job in order to marry Titli. While searching for a job, Ranjan vows to perform a good deed if he secures a government position, and he eventually obtains one illegally by bribing a man named Bhagwan.

On the 29th of the month, the [[haldi (ceremony)|haldi]] ceremony takes place, with the wedding scheduled for the following day. However, after spending the day at the haldi ceremony, Ranjan wakes up to find himself reliving the same day and trapped in a [[Time loop|time loop]]. It is later revealed that this is due to his unfulfilled vow, and Ranjan realises that he must perform a good deed to break the loop. He tries every possible way to do so, but nothing works, and he remains trapped on his haldi day. Eventually, he gives up and decides to commit suicide. Just before he jumps into the water, he meets a man named Hamid Ansari, who is also planning to kill himself because he is unemployed. Ranjan soon learns that Ansari is the candidate whose job was wrongfully given to him because of his bribe to Bhagwan, which is the reason he is trapped in the [[Time loop|time loop]]. The good deed required to break the loop is to return the job to Ansari, but doing so would cost Ranjan both his job and his wedding to Titli.

The time loop still does not break. Every day, Ranjan sees Ansari committing suicide and saves him, but Ansari rejects every offer of a different job and continues to attempt suicide. Ranjan eventually discovers that Ansari wants the government job so desperately because he hopes to stop corruption and help his village obtain water and electricity connections.

The next morning, it is once again the 29th, and Ansari, now alive, gives Ranjan the opportunity to rectify his wrongdoing. Ranjan finally returns the job to Ansari, and the time loop is broken. Everyone, unaware of Ranjan's unemployment, begins preparing for the wedding. However, Ranjan calls off the wedding and tells everyone that he has given up his job, drawing criticism from all around him, including from Titli. Bhagwan then arrives and delivers an eye-opening speech about humanity, supporting Ranjan’s decision to give the job to Ansari. Titli agrees to marry Ranjan, and the two are finally wed.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rajkummar Rao]] as Ranjan Tiwari
* [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] as Titli Mishra
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Bhagwan Das
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Brijmohan Mishra, Titli's father
* [[Raghubir Yadav]] as Raghunath Tiwari, Ranjan's father
* [[Seema Pahwa]] as Ramawati Tiwari, Ranjan's mother
* [[Ishtiyak Khan]] as Kishan, Ranjan's maternal uncle
* Purnima Sharma as Sweety
* Anubha Fatehpuria as Anandi
* [[Vineet Kumar]] as Panditji
* [[Jay Thakkar]] as Sushil
* Pragati Mishra as Keri Tiwari, Ranjan's younger sister
* Dheerendra Gautam as Hari, Ranjan's friend
* Akash Makhija as Hamid Ansari
* Dhanashree Verma as Jugni (special appearance in the song "Ting Ling Sajna")<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Dhanashree Verma Sizzles In Rajkummar Rao's Bhool Chuk Maaf Song Ting Ling Sajna |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dhanashree-verma-sizzles-in-rajkummar-raos-bhool-chuk-maaf-song-ting-ling-sajna-watch-ws-kl-9325815.html |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=News 18 |language=en |archive-date=6 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506134950/https://www.news18.com/movies/dhanashree-verma-sizzles-in-rajkummar-raos-bhool-chuk-maaf-song-ting-ling-sajna-watch-ws-kl-9325815.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

==Production==
===Development===
Earlier, reports suggested that [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]] would star in the film. However, Aaryan later dismissed these claims on Twitter, calling them rumours with no truth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartik Aaryan Denies Being a Part of Bhul Chuk Maaf With Shraddha Kapoor Day After Film's Announcement |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kartik-aaryan-denies-being-a-part-of-bhul-chuk-maaf-with-shraddha-kapoor-day-after-films-announcement-7549771.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410111453/https://www.news18.com/movies/kartik-aaryan-denies-being-a-part-of-bhul-chuk-maaf-with-shraddha-kapoor-day-after-films-announcement-7549771.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2024, [[Maddock Films]] officially announced its lineup for 2024 and 2025, including this project.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-08 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi to play leads in Dinesh Vijan's romance drama: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-play-leads-dinesh-vijans-romance-drama-report/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> Directed by Karan Sharma, this marks his second collaboration with Maddock Films after the upcoming romantic drama ''Shiddat 2'', where [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] stars opposite [[Sunny Kaushal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=SCOOP: Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi arrive in Varanasi to kick off the shoot for Maddock Films' Bhul Chuk Maaf |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-arrive-varanasi-kick-off-shoot-maddock-films-bhul-chuk-maaf/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410112955/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-arrive-varanasi-kick-off-shoot-maddock-films-bhul-chuk-maaf/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Casting===
{{Multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Rajkumar Rao Filmfare Glamour and Style Awards 2019 (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Wamiqa Gabbi snapped outside Maddock office (2) (cropped).jpg
| footer = [[Rajkummar Rao]] (left) playing the lead role, alongside [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] (right).
| align = right
| total_width = 300
}}
[[Rajkummar Rao]] and Wamiqa Gabbi play the lead roles in the film. This marked Rao's sixth collaboration with Maddock Films, following his work on ''[[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]]'', [[Made in China (2019 film)|''Made in China'']], ''[[Roohi (2021 film)|Roohi]]'', ''[[Hum Do Hamare Do]]'', and ''[[Stree 2]]''.<ref name=":1" /> [[Seema Pahwa]] played an important role in the film.<ref name=":2" /> In February 2025, it was reported that [[Jay Thakkar]] joined the cast.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-21 |title=Jay Thakkar reunites with Rajkummar Rao in Bhool Chuk Maaf: He is a secure actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jay-thakkar-shines-in-bhool-chuk-maaf-alongside-rajkummar-rao/articleshow/118440333.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417132009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jay-thakkar-shines-in-bhool-chuk-maaf-alongside-rajkummar-rao/articleshow/118440333.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film also features [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], and [[Raghubir Yadav]] in pivotal roles.<ref name=":3" />

===Filming===
On 2 January 2024, Rao and Gabbi arrived in [[Varanasi]] to commence shooting.<ref name=":0" /> On 29 March 2025, they filmed a sequence at a studio in [[Mira Road]], where a set resembling a small-town street was built for a lively promotional song. The track, composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], features choreography by [[Vijay Ganguly]] and styling by [[Sheetal Sharma]]. Another song was filmed in Varanasi in mid-April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-06 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi to shoot new songs for Bhool Chuk Maaf: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-shoot-new-songs-bhool-chuk-maaf-report/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410092244/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-shoot-new-songs-bhool-chuk-maaf-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bhool Chuk Maaf
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| released = 23 May 2025
| recorded = 2024–2025
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:42
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| prev_title = [[Ground Zero (2025 film)|Ground Zero]]
| prev_year = 2025
| next_title = [[Tehran (2025 film)|Tehran]]
| next_year = 2025
}}

The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], written by [[Irshad Kamil]], Shaan Yadav and Armaan Lahoria while the background score is composed by Ketan Sodha.

The song "Waalian" by Harnoor is recreated for the film and the song was titled "Koi Na" was released on 16 April 2025. Originally lyrics written by Gifty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juneja |first=Apeksha |date=2025-04-16 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf song Koi Naa OUT: Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi's sweet chemistry will make you think of your special one |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-song-koi-naa-out-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-sweet-chemistry-will-make-you-think-of-your-special-one-1382771 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416092645/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-song-koi-naa-out-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-sweet-chemistry-will-make-you-think-of-your-special-one-1382771 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The song "Chor Bazaari Phir Se" from the 2009 film [[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|''Love Aaj Kal'']], composed by [[Pritam]] and sung by [[Neeraj Shridhar]] and [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] is recreated for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juneja |first=Apeksha |date=2025-02-18 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Teaser OUT: Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi's wedding takes time loop twist; don't miss Chor Bazaari song |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-out-rajkummar-rao-and-wamiqa-gabbis-wedding-takes-time-loop-twist-dont-miss-chor-bazaari-song-1373038 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410153724/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-out-rajkummar-rao-and-wamiqa-gabbis-wedding-takes-time-loop-twist-dont-miss-chor-bazaari-song-1373038 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The song "Allah Meherban" from the 2013 film ''[[Ghanchakkar (film)|Ghanchakkar]]'', sung by [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]] and composed by [[Amit Trivedi]] is re-used in the film.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:42
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Koi Naa
| extra1 = Harnoor, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 3:41
| title2 = Chor Bazari Phir Se
| extra2 = [[Neeraj Shridhar]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Zahrah S. Khan]], [[Pravesh Mallick]]
| length2 = 3:01
| title3 = Sawariya Tera
| extra3 = [[Raghav Chaitanya]], Varun Jain, Suvarna Tiwari, Pravesh Mallick, Priyanka Sarkaar
| length3 = 2:45
| title4 = Ting Ling Sajna
| extra4 = [[Madhubanti Bagchi]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| length4 = 2:51
| title5 = Ganga Kinare
| extra5 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
| length5 = 4:19
| title6 = Hutt Badmaash
| note6 = lyrics by Shaan Yadav
| extra6 = Noor Singh (Chidi), [[Pravesh Mallick]]
| length6 = 2:39
| title7 = Maahi Mera
| note7 = lyrics by Armaan Lahoria
| extra7 = Suvarna Tiwari
| length7 = 3:26
}}

==Marketing==
The first teaser was released on 18 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf teaser: Rajkummar Rao gets stuck in a time loop just before his wedding to Wamiqa Gabbi. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-rajkummar-rao-gets-stuck-in-a-time-loop-just-before-his-wedding-to-wamiqa-gabbi-watch-101739863857608.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218095934/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-teaser-rajkummar-rao-gets-stuck-in-a-time-loop-just-before-his-wedding-to-wamiqa-gabbi-watch-101739863857608.html |archive-date=18 February 2025 |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Twinkle |date=2025-04-10 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf trailer out: Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi's time loop film seems like a fun ride |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-trailer-out-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-s-time-loop-film-maddock-films-2025-04-10-984854 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=India TV News |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414103211/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-trailer-out-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-s-time-loop-film-maddock-films-2025-04-10-984854 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 April 2025, the trailer was launched in a press conference, held in Mumbai.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Sudeep Singh |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf trailer out: Rajkummar Rao gets caught in endless time loop |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/bhool-chuk-maaf-trailer-out-rajkummar-rao-gets-caught-in-endless-time-loop-nc-125041000745_1.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Business Standard |archive-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415163032/https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/bhool-chuk-maaf-trailer-out-rajkummar-rao-gets-caught-in-endless-time-loop-nc-125041000745_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wamiqa Gabbi & Rajkummar Rao Flaunt Their Ethnic Style At Bhool Chuk Maaf's Trailer Launch {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/wamiqa-gabbi-rajkummar-rao-flaunt-their-ethnic-style-at-bhool-chuk-maafs-trailer-launch-72858.html |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref> On April 25, 2025, a promotional event for the film took place at [[Raj Mandir Cinema]] in [[Jaipur]], featuring RajKummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: RajKummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi Visit Jaipur's Iconic Rajmandir Cinema To Promote Bhul Chuk Maaf |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/watch-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-visit-jaipurs-iconic-rajmandir-cinema-to-promote-bhul-chuk-maaf-aa-9313483.html |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501203222/https://www.news18.com/movies/watch-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-visit-jaipurs-iconic-rajmandir-cinema-to-promote-bhul-chuk-maaf-aa-9313483.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of their promotional campaign, the duo also visited [[Lucknow]]. On April 30, 2025, they made an appearance on the sets of Hip Hop India Season 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-30 |title=Malaika Arora-Rajkummar Rao Set Dance Floor On Fire, Groove To Bhool Chuk Maaf Track Chor Bazari Phir - WATCH |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/malaika-arora-rajkummar-rao-set-dance-floor-on-fire-groove-to-bhool-chuk-maaf-track-chor-bazari-phir-watch-article-151538287 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501110201/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/malaika-arora-rajkummar-rao-set-dance-floor-on-fire-groove-to-bhool-chuk-maaf-track-chor-bazari-phir-watch-article-151538287 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 May 2025, pre-release event was held at [[Film and Television Institute of India]] in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi Promote Bhool Chuk Maaf With Unique 'Unboxing' Video |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-promote-bhool-chuk-maaf-with-unique-unboxing-video-aa-9344897.html |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Release==
The film was set to release in theatres on 9 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-26 |title='Bhool Chuk Maaf' release delayed: Here's when it will hit theaters now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-chuk-maaf-release-delayed-heres-when-it-will-hit-theaters-now/articleshow/119529590.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> However it was postponed to 16 May 2025 for a [[direct-to-streaming]] release on [[Amazon Prime Video]], with the makers citing the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]] as a reason.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2025 |title=Bhool Chuk Maaf goes direct-to-OTT on May 16 amid "heightened security drills across the nation"|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-goes-direct-ott-may-16-amid-heightened-security-drills-across-nation/ |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> After over 5000 tickets were sold via ticket sales from booking counters and online outlets clocking over Rs 3 crores in ticket sales, it resulted in backlash from distributors and film exhibitors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maafs-last-minute-ott-release-faces-backlash-exhibitors-opening-advances-pulling-releasing-film-unheard-never-happens/|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf's last minute OTT release faces backlash from exhibitors: "Opening advances and then pulling out of releasing a film is UNHEARD of. This NEVER happens, that too on the last day"|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=8 May 2025 |access-date=12 May 2025|archive-date=9 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509235944/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maafs-last-minute-ott-release-faces-backlash-exhibitors-opening-advances-pulling-releasing-film-unheard-never-happens/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, [[PVR INOX]] filed a lawsuit against Maddock Films for cancelling the theatrical release at the eleventh hour and moving it to a digital platform, alleging that the last-minute cancellation led to substantial financial losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pvr-sues-maddock-films-after-cancellation-of-bhool-chuk-maaf-theatrical-release-2722768-2025-05-10|title=PVR sues Maddock Films after cancellation of Bhool Chuk Maaf theatrical release|website=[[India Today]]|date=10 May 2025 |access-date=10 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exhibitors-furious-bhool-chuk-maaf-skips-theatrical-release-ott-betrayal-smart-move-really-happened/|title=Exhibitors furious as Bhool Chuk Maaf skips theatrical release for OTT: Betrayal or smart move, what really happened?|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=8 May 2025 |access-date=8 May 2025|archive-date=8 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508110735/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exhibitors-furious-bhool-chuk-maaf-skips-theatrical-release-ott-betrayal-smart-move-really-happened/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 May 2025, the [[Bombay High Court]] granted ad-interim relief to PVR INOX and restrained Maddock Films from releasing the film on any streaming or non-theatrical platform until the 8-week holdback period expired following its first theatrical release in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-bombay-high-court-restrains-ott-release-bhool-chuk-maaf-upholds-pvr-inoxs-rights-next-hearing-june-16-complete-details-inside/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Bombay High Court restrains OTT release of Bhool Chuk Maaf; upholds PVR Inox's rights; next hearing on June 16 (COMPLETE DETAILS INSIDE)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=10 May 2025 |access-date=10 May 2025|archive-date=10 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510141108/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-bombay-high-court-restrains-ott-release-bhool-chuk-maaf-upholds-pvr-inoxs-rights-next-hearing-june-16-complete-details-inside/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rajkummar-rao-bhool-chuk-release-until-next-hearing-june-16-after-pvr-sued-maddock-films-2722850-2025-05-10|title=No Bhool Chuk Maaf's release till next hearing on June 16: Bombay court|website=[[India Today]]|date=10 May 2025 |access-date=10 May 2025}}</ref>

On 14 May 2025, Maddock Films and PVR INOX mutually decided the film would have a theatrical release in theatres on 23 May 2025 and after two weeks of theatrical run, it began streaming on Amazon Prime Video from 6 June 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-heres-why-nawazuddin-siddiqui-refuses-to-take-credit-for-ranveer-singhs-act-after-training-him-in-band-baaja-baaraat-1386523|title=EXCLUSIVE: Bhool Chuk Maaf gets new theatrical release date after legal row between Maddock & PVRInox|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=8 May 2025 |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-rajkummar-rao-film-cancels-ott-release-amid-legal-battle-set-to-arrive-in-theatres-report-article-151639179/|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf: Rajkummar Rao Film CANCELS OTT Release Amid Legal Battle, Set To Arrive In Theatres|website=Times Now News|date=14 May 2025 |access-date=14 May 2025|archive-date=14 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514151437/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-rajkummar-rao-film-cancels-ott-release-amid-legal-battle-set-to-arrive-in-theatres-report-article-151639179|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|27|5|11|consensus=}}<ref name="rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web | title=Bhool Chuk Maaf | Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bhool_chuk_maaf }}</ref>
[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and said that "as a time-loop comedy, it goes completely overboard with its central premise without being able to create a logical context for the perplexing goings-on in the life of a lad trapped in a limbo."<ref>{{cite web|first=Saibal|last=Chatterjee|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bhool-chuk-maaf-review-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-film-wallows-in-a-welter-of-errors-2-stars-8487033|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Review: Rajkummar Rao-Wamiqa Gabbi's Film Goes Round And Round In Circles|website=NDTV|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
Shalini Langer of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' awarded 2 stars out of 5 and writes that "Despite its cast including good actors like Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi, the film feels like such a stew of Ghat meets Groundhog Day."<ref>{{cite web|first=Shalini|last=Langer|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhool-chuk-maaf-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-film-feels-like-poor-mans-brahmastra-10023532/|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf movie review: Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi film feels like poor man's Brahmastra|website=The Indian Express|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and commented that "Bhool Chuk Maaf, a time-loop comedy, ends up stuck in a loop of its own clichés. The only thing harder to escape than a time loop is Rajkummar’s contract with small-town scripts. It tries to be a comedy, flirts with a social message, and ends up being the cinematic equivalent of a WhatsApp forward — familiar, repetitive, and mildly amusing at best."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rishabh|last=Suri|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bhool-chuk-maaf-review-a-tiring-comedy-where-time-loops-laughs-lag-and-rajkummar-rao-hits-refresh-again-101747977928114.html|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf review: A tiring comedy where time loops, laughs lag and Rajkummar Rao hits refresh again|website=Hindustan Times|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' writes in his review that "As a time-loop film, it’s tempting to notice the irony of literally going around in circles and arriving back at the same preachy disappointment. The same formula is repeated again and again and again. The same signs are elicited with Groundhog Day-level grit. It’s all designed, of course. The boys played well for charity. And ethical match-fixing reaches a whole new level."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/bhool-chuk-maaf-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-time-loop-comedy-repeats-the-same-mistakes|title='Bhool Chuk Maaf' Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao, Wamiqa Gabbi's Time-loop Comedy Repeats The Same Mistakes|website=The Hollywood Reporter India|access-date=23 May 2025|archive-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523094256/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/bhool-chuk-maaf-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbis-time-loop-comedy-repeats-the-same-mistakes|url-status=live}}</ref>
Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' observed that "Writer-director Karan Sharma makes us take a leap of faith in a sharp social commentary disguised as a frothy comedy."<ref>{{cite web|first=Anuj|last=Kumar|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhool-chuk-maaf-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-and-wamiqa-gabbi-light-up-this-timely-parable/article69610090.ece|title='Bhool Chuk Maaf' movie review: Rajkummar Rao and Wamiqa Gabbi light up this timely parable|website=The Hindu|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref> Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3/5 stars and said that "the film delivers a relevant message in a deceptive manner. The film addresses growing apathy, isolated existence and self-centric living."<ref>{{cite web|first=Renuka|last=Vyavahare|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/bhool-chuk-maaf/movie-review/121354179.cms|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Movie Review : There's meaning to this madness on repeat|website=The Times of India|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 1.5 stars out of 5 and said that "In 'Bhool Chuk Maaf', pregnancy jokes and outdated concepts of love are given way more importance than an attempt at bringing a progressive story from the heartland of India. Even Rajkummar Rao can't save this lost in a loop, lacking in love film."<ref>{{cite web|first=Vineeta|last=Kumar|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bhool-chuk-maaf-review-rajkummar-rao-in-time-loop-of-misogyny-and-lopsided-love-2729179-2025-05-23|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf review: Rajkummar Rao in time loop of misogyny and lopsided love|website=India Today|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
Uday Bhatia of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' said that "‘Bhool Chuk Maaf is a stale, derivative time-loop comedy".<ref>{{cite web|first=Uday|last=Bhatia|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/bhool-chuk-maaf-film-review-rajkummar-rao-wamiqa-gabbi-comedy-time-loop-11747991234878.html|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf' review: Live, sigh, repeat|website=Mint|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref> Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[Moneycontrol]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and said that "The film leans on a tired formula and ends up feeling more routine than refreshing."<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/bhool-chuk-maaf-film-review-rajkummar-rao-stuck-in-a-repetitive-rut-in-this-disappointing-small-town-comedy-article-13042255.html|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Film Review: Rajkummar Rao stuck in a repetitive rut in this disappointing small-town comedy|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

Subhash K Jha writing for ''[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 five and said "If cinema is a place to have a good time, then writer-director Karan Sharma’s Bhool Chuk Maaf is just the place where you ought to be seen this weekend. It is fun and funny. Feisty and ritzy."<ref>{{cite web|first=Subhash K|last=Jha|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/bhool-chuk-maaf-review-a-surprisingly-agile-comedy-of-arrears/568812/|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Review: A Surprisingly Agile Comedy Of Arrears|website=News 24|date=23 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref> Kartik Bhardwaj of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated 2/5 stars and said "Bhool Chuk Maaf felt like a déjà vu, it has all happened before: these ghats of Banaras, these accented wisecracks, these actors who act like they were born to be sidekicks. It’s a rerun."<ref>{{cite web|first=Kartik|last=Bhardwaj|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/May/24/bhool-chuk-maaf-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-repeats-himself-in-the-same-old-small-town-comedy|title=Bhool Chuk Maaf Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao repeats himself in the same-old small-town comedy|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of films featuring time loops]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=32058735}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama movie|bhool-chuk-maaf}}
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

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Karanbahadur Rana Magar

2026-05-08T04:40:04Z

Geri3389994518: new stub

{{short description|Recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Karanbahadur Rana Magar
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Karanbahadur Rana, VC.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Rana during the First World War
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1898|12|21}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1973|07|25|1898|12|21}}
| birth_place = Mangalthan, Gulmi, [[Nepal]]
| death_place = Litung, Nepal
| burial_place =
| burial_label =
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| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|British India|23px}}
| branch = {{army|British India|23px}}
| service_years =
| rank = [[Rifleman]]
| service_number =
| unit = [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]]
| commands =
| battles = [[World War I]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:UK Victoria Cross ribbon bar.svg|30px]] [[Victoria Cross]]
| relations =
| other_work =
| signature =
| website = 
}}
'''Karanbahadur Rana Magar''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (21 December 1898 – 25 July 1973<ref>{{Cite web|title=WW1 Nepalese VC recipient Karanbahadur Rana|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/ww1-nepalese-vc-recipient-karanbahadur-rana|access-date=2020-06-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref>) was a [[Nepalese people|Nepalese]] [[Gurkha]] recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Details==
Karanbahadur Rana was born at Mangalthan Gulmi, Litung, in the [[Baglung]] district of [[Nepal]], and was a member of the [[Magars|Magar people]]. During the First World War he joined the [[3rd Gurkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] of the [[British Indian Army]], and was posted to the regiment's 2nd battalion, then serving with the [[75th Division (United Kingdom)|75th Division]] in [[Sinai and Palestine campaign|Palestine]].<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/67204 |title=Rana, Karnabahadur |last=Pett |first=R. A.|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/67204 |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>

On 9 April 1917, the British XXI Corps was on the coastal sector of Palestine just north of [[Jaffa]] with the 75th Division on the right of the corps. The British planned an operation which in several stages would capture [[Tulkarm]]. The 75th Division launched a preliminary attack at 05:10 hours on 9 April and met fierce resistance. On 10 April, in the fighting at El Kefr, Palestine, Rifleman Karanbahadur Rana, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, 75th Division, was awarded the Victoria Cross for most conspicuous bravery. The citation published on 21 June 1918 stated:

:For most conspicuous bravery, resource in action under adverse conditions, and utter contempt for danger.

:During an attack, he, with a few other men, succeeded under intense fire, in creeping forward with a Lewis gun in order to engage an enemy machine gun which had caused severe casualties to officers and other ranks who had attempted to put it out of action. No. 1 of the Lewis gun opened fire, and was shot immediately. Without a moment's hesitation Rifleman Karanbahadur pushed the dead man off the gun, and in spite of bombs thrown at him and heavy fire from both flanks, he opened fire and knocked out the enemy machine-gun crew; then, switching his fire on to the enemy bombers and riflemen in front of him, he silenced their fire. He kept his gun in action and showed the greatest coolness in removing defects which on two occasions prevented the gun from firing. During the remainder of the day he did magnificent work, and when a withdrawal was ordered he assisted with covering fire until the enemy were close on him. He displayed throughout a very high standard of valour and devotion to duty.:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30757|supp=y|pages=7307–7308|date=21 June 1918}}</ref>

The unit, date and place of VC actions were not gazetted from 1916 until 11 November 1918. These details were gazetted on 31 March 1919 when Karanbahadur Rana was listed with the '2/3rd Q.A.O. Gurkha Rif.', the date '10.4.18' and place 'El Kefr'. The gazette incorrectly stated El Kefr was in Egypt; it is in Palestine.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31259|supp=y|pages=4158–4158|date=31 March 1919}}</ref><ref>[[Sinai and Palestine campaign|Action of Berukin, 9–11 April 1917]]</ref> In silencing the enemy machine-gun, Karanbahadur Rana, enabled his company commander, Lieutenant [[Frederick Barter]], who had been lying within 30 yards of the machine gun for five and a half hours to withdraw. As a company sergeant-major with The Royal Welch Fusiliers, Lieutenant Barter had been awarded the Victoria Cross for conspicuous bravery at Festubert, France, on 16 May 1915.{{sfn|Gliddon|2005|p=193}}

At the end of two days of attacks, the offensive was called off.{{sfn|Keogh|Graham|1955|p=214}}

Rana continued his military service after the war, serving in the [[Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)|1919–1921 Waziristan campaign]].<ref name=VCguide/> He later returned to Nepal and died at Litung, Bharse Gulmi in Nepal on 25 July 1973, aged seventy-four.<ref name=ODNB/>

==The medal==
After his death, Rana's VC and other medals were obtained from one of his sons by [[the Gurkha Museum]] in Winchester, Hampshire, England, where they have been displayed since November 1974.<ref name=VCguide>{{cite web |url=http://victoriacross.moonfruit.com/karanbahadur-rana-vc/4587265454 |title=Khudadad Khan biography |publisher=Comprehensive Guide to the Victoria & George Cross |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[[List of Brigade of Gurkhas recipients of the Victoria Cross]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=Suez to Aleppo |last1=Keogh |first1=E. G.|last2=Graham |first2=Joan |year=1955 |publisher=Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie & Co |location=Melbourne|oclc=220029983}}
* {{cite book |last= Gliddon |first= Gerald |year=2005 |publisher= Sutton Publishing |title= The sideshows |series=VCs of the First World War |isbn=978-0-7509-5378-8}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/ggnepal.htm Burial location]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Karanbahadur}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:Nepalese World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:British Indian Army soldiers]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:People from Gulmi District]]
[[Category:Nepalese people of World War I]]

Saripodhaa Sanivaaram

2026-05-07T22:54:07Z

Geri3389994518: created the data w/ refs

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Vivek Athreya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vivek Athreya]]
| writer = Vivek Athreya
| producer = [[D. V. V. Danayya]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
* [[S. J. Suryah]]
* [[Priyanka Mohan]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Murali G.]]
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]
| music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| studio = [[DVV Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|08|29|df=yes}}
| country = India
| runtime = 175 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiznjkz|title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR| 90 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=2024-03-10 |title=Nani costliest film ever Saripodhaa Sanivaaram? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/nani-costliest-film-ever-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-884764 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|101.51 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=2024-09-24 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Final Box Office Collections Worldwide: Nani starrer set to end its global run, slightly short of Rs 120 crore mark |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-final-box-office-collections-worldwide-nani-starrer-set-to-end-its-global-run-slightly-short-of-rs-100-crore-mark-1350008 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=26 September 2024 |title=Nani’s ‘Saripodhaa Sanivaaram’ now streaming on Netflix after blockbuster run |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-now-streaming-on-netflix-after-blockbuster-run-909905|website=[[Hans India]]|language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram''''' ({{Translation|Is Saturday not enough?}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBFC |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiznjkz |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.bbfc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> written & directed by [[Vivek Athreya]] and produced by [[D. V. V. Danayya]] under DVV Entertainment. It stars [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[S. J. Suryah]] and [[Priyanka Mohan]], alongside [[Abhirami Gopikumar]], [[Aditi Balan]], [[P. Sai Kumar]], [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]], [[Murali Sharma]] and [[Ajay Ghosh]]. The film follows Surya, who fights injustices on Saturday and ends up clashing with Daya, a corrupt and sadistic cop. Vivek Athreya inspired the basic concept of this film from one of the [[Malladi Venkata Krishna Murthy|Malladi]]'s famous novel ''Sanivaaram Naadi''({{Translation|Saturday is mine}}) the protagonist of this novel commits Extrajudicial violence only on "Saturday".

The film was officially announced in October 2023 under the tentative title ''Nani 31'', as it is the actor's 31st film as a lead actor, and the official title was announced a few days later. [[Principal photography]] commenced the following month. It was shot in several legs, predominantly in [[Hyderabad]]. The music was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]], while cinematography and editing were handled by [[Murali G.]] and [[Karthika Srinivas]]. ''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' released worldwide on 29 August 2024 to generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its performances (especially Nani and Suryah), music, action sequences, and screenplay, but criticised the runtime.

==Plot==
Surya, an [[insurance agent]] at [[Life Insurance Corporation|NLIC]], struggles with significant [[Anger management|anger issues]]. In his childhood, Surya's mother Chayadevi made him promise to channel his anger only on a specific day each week. Surya chose [[Saturday]] as it was the day Chayadevi died. Surya keeps a journal in which he records the names and offenses of those who upset him, reviewing it each Saturday. Surya only acts on his anger if he feels justified; if he chooses to act, he can only do so until 11:59 pm on Saturdays.

Surya's violent tendencies are challenged by his father Sankaram and his sister Bhadra. Surya, in his childhood, harbored feelings for his friend Kalyani, whom he affectionately calls Kallu. However, Kallu moved away with her mother Prabhavati to escape from her abusive, alcoholic father Seethayya, and assumed a new identity. Surya's anger leads to a conflict at Bhadra's wedding, resulting in her severing all ties with him and taking a job as a teacher at a school. This infuriates Sankaram, who takes it upon himself to warn Surya's enemies on Saturdays as Surya has a habit of sparing those he cannot harm on that day in honor of Chayadevi.

Years later, Surya reconnects with Kallu, now known as Charulatha, who works as a [[Police Constable|PC]] at the Sokulapalem police station. Her superior [[Inspector|CI]] Dayanand "Daya" harbors resentment towards the residents as he believes that they played a role in his brother Koormanand's victory in the local corporate elections whom he hates. Sokulapalem has a history of crime, leading to systemic oppression of its residents, even though they don't engage in illegal activities. Whenever Koormanand pressures Daya about his property, which is in litigation and requires his signature to be sold, Daya retaliates by randomly arresting people from Sokulapalem, fabricating charges and inflicting [[police brutality]] to relieve his frustration. Charulatha discreetly assists the community in small ways, gaining their trust.

Surya discovers Daya when the latter harasses an elderly woman on a court's premises. While Charulatha watches, Surya distracts Daya by throwing petrol under his car to make it look like a leak, allowing the woman to escape. Charulatha befriends Surya and soon notices that someone is targeting her aggressors on Saturdays, including Daya's assistant and confidant [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Sudhakar "Sudha". Charulatha confides in Surya, suggesting that the Saturday guy could pose a threat to him as well, hinting at her feelings. As their relationship develops, Sankaram advises Surya to come clean about being the Saturday [[vigilante]], warning that if Charulatha hears it from someone else, she might feel betrayed. When Daya attacks a family in Sokulapalem after being insulted by Koormanand, Surya takes them to the hospital. Charulatha arrives and hopes the Saturday guy will also take on Daya. Surya reveals that he is the Saturday guy, promising to take responsibility for Sokulapalem.

Charulatha discovers that Daya and Sudha plan to assassinate Koormanand at a temple on [[Thursday]] morning as attempting to do so in the evening would be pointless since Koormanand would be at a pub surrounded by many people. In response, Surya invites Koormanand to an NLIC event as the chief guest, postponing the attack to Saturday. On Saturday morning as Charulatha drives Daya to the temple, Sankaram sedates Surya with sleeping pills after learning about his plans from his journal and fearing for his safety. While Surya lies unconscious, Charulatha disrupts the scheme at the temple and Daya plans an assault at the pub that evening. Meanwhile, some of Surya's old enemies attack his family while Bhadra, now pregnant, visits them.

Although Surya manages to save his family and Koormanand from Daya in time, Bhadra demands that he abandon his Saturday rule if their relationship is to continue. Surya agrees and resolves his issues with Bhadra's in-laws. Daya, seriously injured in the attack, continues to search for the Saturday vigilante. Daya, now in Koormanand's good graces under the false impression that Daya was at the pub to protect him, is also searching for the Saturday guy, whom he believes is the assassin. Daya befriends Surya and continuously presents potential suspects from the community. Despite Surya's denials, Daya and Koormanand escalate their aggression, attacking everyone in Sokulapalem and warning them to bring back any workers, who have migrated within the next two days. The residents decide to protect the Saturday guy from Daya, boosting Surya's confidence that they can stand against Daya on their own.

On the following Saturday night, Daya and Sudha connect the dots and realize that Charulatha was behind the thwarted attack at the temple as she was the only one aware of it. Daya concludes that she is allied with the Saturday vigilante and identifies Surya as the Saturday vigilante. Koormanand retrieves the pub's CCTV footage and discovers that Daya intended to kill him. Before Koormanand can act, Daya shoots and kills him and frames the Saturday guy from Sokulapalem, prompting Koormanand's henchmen to attack the neighborhood. Surya rushes to Charulatha's house, learns her true identity as Kallu, and arrives at Sokulapalem, where he finds her injured and the terrified residents.

Daya challenges anyone from the community to confront him if they want to save Charulatha, but no one responds. Sankaram arrives and urges Daya to reconsider, reminding him that he has always been protected by those connected to Surya, including the people of Sokulapalem, from Surya's attacks. When Charulatha recognizes Sankaram, she learns who Surya is, and she is struck by how his perspective on violence has changed. According to Sankaram, after learning about the circumstances, Bhadra decided that Surya's rage was warranted and permitted him to act for the day by their mother's statements. Daya tries to hit a youngster in an attempt to vent his rage, but Suryas insists that someone from Sokulapalem must stand in his way. Surya intervenes and beats Daya when a resident lashes out. Sokulapalem residents rebel against Koormanand's goons. After obtaining Koormanand's CCTV footage, Govardhan murders Daya and Sudha the following morning.

Bhadra then gives birth to a daughter, and Surya and Charulatha marry.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] as Surya "Chinnu", an [[Life Insurance Corporation|NLIC]] agent
** Ruthvik Varma as young Surya
* [[S. J. Suryah]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] R. Dayanand "Daya"
* [[Priyanka Mohan]] as [[Police Constable|PC]] Charulatha "Charu"/Kalyani "Kallu"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-22 |title='Nani 31': SJ Suryah, Priyanka Mohan join cast of Nani-Vivek Athreya film |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nani-31-sj-suryah-priyanka-mohan-join-cast-of-nani-vivek-athreya-film/article67448718.ece |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023005645/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nani-31-sj-suryah-priyanka-mohan-join-cast-of-nani-vivek-athreya-film/article67448718.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Abhirami Gopikumar]] as Chayadevi, Surya and Bhadra's mother
* [[Aditi Balan]] as Bhadra, Surya's elder sister
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Sankaram, Surya and Bhadra's father
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Koormanand, Daya's brother
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Govardhan, Koormanand's right-hand man
* [[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Vasudha, a therapist
* [[Supreeth]] as Kaali, Narayana Prabha's son
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as Narayana Prabha
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as [[Head Constable|HC]] Kamalakar N.
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Sudhakar
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Surya's boss
* [[Mime Madhu]] as a villager
* [[Sivaji Raja]] as a villager
* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Seethapathi, Chayadevi's brother and Kallu's father
* Anitha Chowdary as Prabhavati, Kallu's mother
* Vishnu Oi as Surya's friend
* Jeevan Kumar as Koormanand's assistant
* Vamsi Chaganti as Santhosh, Bhadra's husband and Surya's brother-in-law
* Vadlamani Srinivas as Santhosh's father
* Harsh Roshan as Faazil
* Aruna Bhikshu as a car driver
* Vinay Mahadev as Narayana Prabha's henchmen
* Prudhvi Raj Palaparthi
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Koormanand and Dayanand's late father (photo presence)
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In late May 2023, [[Vivek Athreya]] and [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] were reported to be collaborating after ''[[Ante Sundaraniki]]'', which marks Nani's 31st film in a leading role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-29 |title=Nani to collaborate with 'THIS' director once again for #Nani31—reports! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-to-collaborate-with-this-director-once-again-for-nani31reports/articleshow/100586595.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-to-collaborate-with-this-director-once-again-for-nani31reports/articleshow/100586595.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 October, the project was officially announced by [[DVV Entertainment]], tentatively titled ''Nani31''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-21 |title=Official: 'Nani 31' directed by Vivek Athreya to go on floors from October 24! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/official-nani-31-directed-by-vivek-athreya-to-go-on-floors-from-october-24/articleshow/104600603.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027160238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/official-nani-31-directed-by-vivek-athreya-to-go-on-floors-from-october-24/articleshow/104600603.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The title, ''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' was revealed on 23 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Nani's next titled Saripodhaa Sanivaaram; makers unveil exhilarating first glimpse video. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-next-titled-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-makers-unveil-exhilarating-first-glimpse-video-watch-8995960/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023191301/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-next-titled-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-makers-unveil-exhilarating-first-glimpse-video-watch-8995960/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Muhurat shot|muhurtam pooja]] ceremony was held on 24 October 2023 in [[Hyderabad]] with the film's cast and crew.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-24 |title=Natural Star Nani's 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' gets a grand launch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/natural-star-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-gets-a-grand-launch/articleshow/104674209.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027150230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/natural-star-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-gets-a-grand-launch/articleshow/104674209.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-10-25 |title=Nani's 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' Officially Launched |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-officially-launched |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108220521/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-officially-launched |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Casting===
In October 2023, [[Priyanka Mohan]] and [[S. J. Suryah]] joined the cast,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Arikatla |first=Venkat |date=2023-10-22 |title=Exciting Addition To #Nani31 Cast |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/exciting-addition-to-nani31-cast-133054 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=greatandhra.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027150217/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/exciting-addition-to-nani31-cast-133054 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the former collaborating with both Nani and Suryah for the second time after ''[[Nani's Gang Leader]]'' (2019) and ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]'' (2022), respectively. [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] and [[Anirudh Ravichander]] were considered for the film's music composer, but [[Jakes Bejoy]], [[Murali G.|Murali G]] and [[Karthika Srinivas]] were announced as music composer, cinematographer and editor respectively.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-24 |title=Natural Star Nani's 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' gets a grand launch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/natural-star-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-gets-a-grand-launch/articleshow/104674209.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027150230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/natural-star-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-gets-a-grand-launch/articleshow/104674209.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced in November 2023 in Hyderabad. The first schedule was wrapped up later that same month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-11-17 |title=Filming Of Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Kickstarts With An Action Sequence |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/filming-of-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-kickstarts-with-an-action-sequence |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108220521/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/filming-of-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-kickstarts-with-an-action-sequence |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-14 |title=Nani and Vivek Athreya's pan India film 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' shoot begins with an action episode! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-and-vivek-athreyas-pan-india-film-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-shoot-begins-with-an-action-episode/articleshow/105210886.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108220521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-and-vivek-athreyas-pan-india-film-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-shoot-begins-with-an-action-episode/articleshow/105210886.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The second schedule commenced in late December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title='Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' resumes filming in Hyd |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-resumes-filming-in-hyd |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=Telugu Cinema |language=en-US |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108220521/https://telugucinema.com/news/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-resumes-filming-in-hyd |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Satya |date=2023-12-27 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Time For Nani |url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/274092/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-time-for-nani |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=Gulte |language=en-US |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108220521/https://www.gulte.com/movienews/274092/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-time-for-nani |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Saripodhaa Sanivaaram (soundtrack)}}
The music and background score was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]] in his maiden collaboration with Nani and Athreya.<ref name=":3" /> The 12-song soundtrack had lyrics written by Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu, Sanare, [[Krishna Kanth]] and Karthik Sachin, and was preceded by three singles—"Garam Garam", "Ullasam" and "Sa Ri Ma Pa"— before the full album released by [[Sony Music India]] on 25 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1765302414 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923172054/https://music.apple.com/in/album/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1765302414 |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' was released on 29 August 2024 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] along with its dubbed versions in [[Hindi]] (titled ''Surya's Saturday''), [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-24 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram: Nani unleashes rage in the first teaser; fans love its 'blockbuster vibes' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-nani-first-teaser-birthday-gift-fans-101708762807401.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The film is scheduled to release in Japan on 14th February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=TV9 |date=2025-02-05 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram: జపాన్‌లో విడుదలకానున్న నాని సినిమా.. పక్కా వర్కౌట్ అవుతుందంటున్న ఫ్యాన్స్ |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/nani-saripodhu-sanivaram-to-release-in-japan-on-valentine-day-1463016.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Netflix]] for a cost of {{INR|45 crore}}, while [[Zee Telugu]] has acquired the satellite rights.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-02 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram OTT release date: When will Nani's action-thriller stream online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-ott-release-nanis-action-thriller-to-stream-online-after-hit-theatrical-run-check-details/articleshow/112985643.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-05 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The film began streaming on Netflix from 26 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 September 2024 |title=Nani-SJ Suryah's Saripodhaa Sanivaaram to have OTT premiere on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Sep/21/nani-sj-suryahs-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-to-have-ott-premiere-on-this-date |work=Cinema Express|date=21 September 2024 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its performances (especially Nani and Suryah), music, action sequences, and screenplay, but criticised the runtime.

Goutham. S of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' is a thoroughly action-packed film. The movie takes on the challenge of redefining the standards of violent cinema by incorporating elements that are more appealing to the masses."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Movie Review: Nani starrer delivers action feast, elevated by SJ Suryah's devilish charisma |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-nani-starrer-delivers-action-feast-elevated-by-sj-suryahs-devilish-charisma-1344160 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "Nani and Vivek Athreya's second collaboration has all the highs of the quintessential mass masala entertainer, but it also comes with its fair share of lows."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-nani-sj-suryah-power-this-tried-and-tested-masala-entertainer-9539463/|title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram movie review: Nani and SJ Suryah power this tried-and-tested masala entertainer|website=The Indian Express|date=29 August 2024 }}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' is largely a well-written film. Every scene and character is relevant to the story. Each time you try to predict the plot, Athreya cleverly surprises you by widening the canvas."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram review: Barring a few drawbacks, Nani's film is entertaining |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-barring-a-few-drawbacks-nanis-film-is-entertaining |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Janani. K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "With 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram', Nani and director Vivek Athreya have a winner in their hands."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Review: Nani-SJ Suryah elevate Vivek Athreya's clever writing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-elevate-vivek-athreya-clever-writing-2590012-2024-08-29 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' is a well-executed action drama that succeeds in delivering powerful performances and a gripping narrative. While the film's pacing could have been improved, the strong performances by Nani and SJ Suryah, along with the compelling story, make it a worthwhile watch."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title='Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' review: Nani& SJ Suryah show |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-show-80381 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=te}}</ref> Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' is a watchable vigilante action drama that has been made as a semi-comedy."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Review: A Vigilante Action Drama |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-a-vigilante-action-drama-review-112881569 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> BVS Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote, "it [the film] turns out to be disappointing fare due to wafer-thin plot and dreary narration and eventually, the much-hyped action film goes for a toss, although it has its share of good moments."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-a-film-on-anger-management-enrages-audience-with-contrived-plot-1819889|title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram: A film on anger management enrages audience with contrived plot|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|date=29 August 2024|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[Desimartini]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote, "Vivek Athreya attempts to create a quintessential Telugu action drama but seems to falter in a genre that doesn't play to his strengths."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.desimartini.com/reviews/movies/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-cant-save-his-dull-plot/a91f443dea252/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829100808/https://www.desimartini.com/reviews/movies/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-cant-save-his-dull-plot/a91f443dea252/|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2024|title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram review: Nani, SJ Suryah can't save this dull plot|date=29 August 2024|website=Desimartini}}</ref>

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Director Vivek Athreya's fine writing makes ‘''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram''’ a nuanced action drama, accentuated by performances of Nani and SJ Suryah."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram movie review: Vivek Athreya, Nani and SJ Suryah deliver an entertaining Saturday story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-vivek-athreya-nani-and-sj-suryah-deliver-an-entertaining-saturday-story/article68579549.ece |access-date=2024-08-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Pratyusha Sista of ''[[Telangana Today]]'' wrote, "''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' is a complete entertainer. With its engaging story, strong performances, and well-executed direction, it is a film that keeps the audience hooked from start to finish."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-08-29 |title=Film Review: "Saripodhaa Sanivaaram" – enough for this Saturday |url=https://telanganatoday.com/film-review-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-enough-for-this-saturday |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram'' earned over ₹6 crore in India and ₹19.75 crore worldwide on its opening day.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}} It concluded its run with worldwide gross estimated to be {{INR}}94.80–100 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-27 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram released on OTT in 5 languages: When and where to watch Nani's box office hit online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-nanis-box-office-hit-online/articleshow/113661300.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-01-14 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt26903104}}

{{Vivek Athreya}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2020s vigilante films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jakes Bejoy]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vivek Athreya]]
[[Category:Films about police brutality]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films produced by D. V. V. Danayya]]

Rajeev Kumar Singh Kushwaha

2026-05-07T09:34:13Z

Geri3389994518:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{For|other people with same name|Rajeev Kumar Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Rajeev Kumar Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rajeev Kumar Singh
| image = File:Rajeev Kumar Singh Kushwaha.jpg
| caption = Rajeev Kumar Singh
| father =
| birth_date = 
| alma_mater =
| education =
| children =
| birth_place =
| constituency = [[Tarapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tarapur]]
| predecessor = [[Mewalal Chaudhary]]
| successor = [[Samrat Chaudhary]]
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_end = 14 November 2025
| term_start = 2 November 2021
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| committees =
}}

'''Rajeev Kumar Singh''' is a [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)]] representing [[Tarapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tarapur constituency]] in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar Bypolls Results 2021 Live Updates: RJD's slender lead in Tarapur builds up for intense finish |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-bypolls-results-2021-live-updates-101635817113793.html |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=2 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102020608/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-bypolls-results-2021-live-updates-101635817113793.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Tarapur results 2021">{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS04164.htm?ac=164 |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=2 November 2021 |archive-date=2 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102100735/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS04164.htm?ac=164 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is a member of [[Janata Dal (United)]]. He has been elected as the MLA on 2 November 2021.<ref name="Tarapur results 2021"/> Singh got the ticket from Janata Dal (United) amidst the confusion over allocation of Tarapur constituency to Rohit Chaudhary, the younger brother of [[Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Samrat Chaudhary]]. The Tarapur constituency was the stronghold of [[Shakuni Choudhury]], who had influence over [[Kushwaha]] voters, who are dominant in this assembly constituency. However, Rajiv Kumar Singh, himself a Kushwaha, was able to defeat his nearest rival in the bypolls of 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/with-eye-on-tarapur-by-polls-jdu-inducts-veteran-kushwaha-leader-shakuni-choudharys-son/articleshow/87143074.cms|title=With eye on Tarapur by-polls, JD(U) inducts veteran Kushwaha leader Shakuni Choudhary's son|website=Times of India|accessdate=19 February 2023|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925221540/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/with-eye-on-tarapur-by-polls-jdu-inducts-veteran-kushwaha-leader-shakuni-choudharys-son/articleshow/87143074.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[Janata Dal (United)]] made Rajiv Kumar Singh its candidate in the 2005 assembly elections held in February and October. But in both the elections, Singh had to face defeat from [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] strongman, Shakuni Chowdhary. Prior to this, in the year 2000, Rajeev Kumar Singh had also contested on the ticket of [[Samata Party]] but he had to face defeat in that election too.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/bihar-news-rajeev-kumar-singh-name-almost-decided-from-jdu-in-tarapur-assembly-by-election-nomination-paper-will-filled-on-october-5/articleshow/86619362.cms|title=तारापुर विधानसभा उपचुनाव : जेडीयू से राजीव कुमार सिंह नाम लगभग तय, 5 अक्टूबर को भरेंगे पर्चा|website=Navbharat|accessdate=19 February 2023|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125170731/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/bihar-news-rajeev-kumar-singh-name-almost-decided-from-jdu-in-tarapur-assembly-by-election-nomination-paper-will-filled-on-october-5/articleshow/86619362.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In
[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Assembly polls]], in Tarapur constituency, which has preponderance of Kushwaha caste, Rashtriya Janata Dal, which contested against Janata Dal United, made Divya Prakash (daughter
of Jai Prakash Narayan Yadav) as their candidate. However, latter was defeated. In the bypolls that were conducted in 2021, RJD made Arun Sah as their candidate against Singh. Sah was a member of [[Bania (caste)]]. Singh, however, became victorious in the by elections by a safe margin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/bihar-bypoll-results-tejashwi-yadav-hopes-crushed-lalu-yadav|title=Bihar Bypoll Results: Tejashwi's Hopes Crushed as Lalu's Mega Rally Fails|website=the quint|accessdate=18 March 2023|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319202837/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/bihar-bypoll-results-tejashwi-yadav-hopes-crushed-lalu-yadav|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, Singh was engaged in battle of words against BJP leader [[Samrat Chaudhary]]. Chaudhary had commented that Nitish Kumar became minister for the first time due to his father Shakuni Chaudhary, who lobbied for him in front of his party's high command. However Singh attacked Chaudhary by saying that Nitish Kumar formed Samata Party and Shakuni Chaudhary was only second to join after him. Singh also declared himself to be the real leader of [[Kushwaha]]s and challenged Chaudhary that he will contest the election against him to prove that he has got more support amongst his castemen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/munger/news/tarapur-jdu-mla-gave-reply-to-leader-of-opposition-rajeev-singh-said-samrat-chaudhary-dreams-of-becoming-a-minister-again-in-his-sleep-130418395.html|title=तारापुर JDU विधायक ने नेता प्रतिपक्ष को दिया जवाब:राजीव सिंह बोले- सम्राट चौधरी को नींद में फिर मंत्री बनने का सपना आता है|website=Dainik Bhaskar|accessdate=8 October 2023|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020174539/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/munger/news/tarapur-jdu-mla-gave-reply-to-leader-of-opposition-rajeev-singh-said-samrat-chaudhary-dreams-of-becoming-a-minister-again-in-his-sleep-130418395.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-bihar-by-elections-result-2021-rjds-defeat-and-jdus-victory-are-the-main-reasons-in-tarapur-assembly-an-analysis-22173920.html|title=Bihar By Elections Result 2021: तारापुर विधानसभा से राजद की हार और जदयू की जीत के यह हैं प्रमुख कारण, एक विश्‍लेषण|website=Dainik Jagran|accessdate=8 October 2023|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105153328/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-bihar-by-elections-result-2021-rjds-defeat-and-jdus-victory-are-the-main-reasons-in-tarapur-assembly-an-analysis-22173920.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2022, Singh came into limelight after an audio went viral in which he was heard abusing and intimidating a patrolling officer working in his constituency. The victim accused him of intimidation and causing obstruction in his work.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/nitish-kumar-party-jdu-mla-tarapur-rajeev-kumar-singh-threatened-to-patrolling-magistrate-on-phone-audio-viral-ann-2287556|title=JDU MLA Audio Viral: 'इतना जूता मारेंगे न... दिमाग दुरुस्त हो जाएगा', तारापुर के विधायक ने फोन पर धमकाया|website=ABP live|accessdate=8 October 2023|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222082205/https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/nitish-kumar-party-jdu-mla-tarapur-rajeev-kumar-singh-threatened-to-patrolling-magistrate-on-phone-audio-viral-ann-2287556|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Tarapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{#section:Tarapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Assembly Election 2022}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rajeev Kumar}}
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Munger district]]
[[Category:People from Bihar]]

INS Agray (1991)

2026-05-05T17:17:59Z

Geri3389994518:

{{other ships|INS Agray}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}{{italic title|string=Agray}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2010}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country= India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= INS ''Agray''
|namesake=
|ordered=
|builder=
|laid_down=
|launched=
|acquired=
|commissioned= 30 January 1991
|decommissioned= 27 January 2017
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|fate=
|status=Decommissioned
|notes=
|honours=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= [[Abhay class corvette]]
|displacement= 485 tons full load
|length= {{convert|56.0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|10.2|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draught=
|draft= {{convert|3.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|propulsion= 2 diesel motors with 16,184 hp and 2 shafts (Another report says 4 engines)
|speed= {{convert|28|kn|km/h|0}}, (32 knots according to Jane's)
|range= {{convert|2400|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn|km/h}}
|complement= 97 (incl. 7 officers), (Jane's lists 32, with 6 officers)
|sensors=*1 × MR 352 Pozitiv-E search radar
*1 × Pechora navigation radar
*1 × Rat Tail VDS sonar
|EW=
|armament=*1 × quad [[Strela 2|Strela-2M]] (SA-N-5) [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]]
*1 × [[AK-257|AK-76/60 76mm gun]]
*4 × 533mm torpedo tubes, SET-65E anti-submarine torpedoes
*2 × RBU 1200 five-tubed
|armour=
|armor=
|aircraft=
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''INS ''Agray'' (P36)''' was an [[Abhay class corvette]] in service with the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=in-abhay>{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_abhay.htm |title=Surface Ships of Indian Navy |website=indiannavy.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804150459/http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_abhay.htm |archive-date=2004-08-04}} </ref> The ship was decommissioned on 27 January 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/67337/indian-navy-decommissions-two-ships|title=Indian Navy decommissions two ships {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agray (P36)}}
[[Category:Abhay-class corvettes]]

Gulzar Ahmad Wani

2026-05-03T10:06:52Z

Geri3389994518: started some article w/ refs.

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}

'''Gulzar Ahmad Wani''' (born 1962) is an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was an MLA from [[Shangus Assembly constituency]] in [[Anantnag district]]. He won the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly election winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/jammu-and-kashmir/story/jammu-kashmir-election-winners-list-assembly-polls-results-bjp-congress-pdp-nc-232557-2014-12-23 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election Results 2014: Complete list of winning candidates {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2014-complete-list-of-winning-candidates-230461/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Wani is from [[Shangus]], Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of Abdul Samd Wani. He completed his B.A. in 1977 at a college which is affiliated with [[University of Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulzar Ahmad Wani(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SHANGUS(ANANTNAG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=519 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Wani won from Shangus Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election. He polled 21,085 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Peerzada Mansoor Hussain of the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]], by a margin of 2,189 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=List of candidates declared winner by ECI : J&K Assembly Elections 2014 Result |url=https://statetimes.in/list-candidates-declared-winner-eci-jk-assembly-elections-2014-result/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Statetimes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shangus Election 2014, Results, Candidate List and winner of Shangus Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency, Jammu And Kashmir |url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/shangus.html |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus–Anantnag East]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Won}}||37.08%||Peerzada Mansoor Hussain||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||33.23%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]||[[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus–Anantnag East]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||25.10%||Peerzada Mansoor Hussain||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||27.99%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]||[[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus–Anantnag East]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||34.60%||Peer Mohammed Hussain||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||37.07%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]||[[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus–Anantnag East]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||11.52%||Abdul Majeed||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||44.55%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wani, Gulzar Ahmad}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:People from Anantnag district]]
[[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]

Don (franchise)

2026-05-02T03:25:15Z

Geri3389994518: started some stub initial version

{{short description|Indian media franchise}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox media franchise
| title = Don
| image = Don (franchise) Logo.png
| image_size =
| caption = ''[[Don (1978 film)|1978 film]]'' logo
| creator = [[Salim–Javed]]
| origin = ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)
| comics = {{Plainlist|
* ''Don''
* ''Don: The Origin''
}}
| years = 1978-present
| films = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Don 2]]'' (2011)
* ''Don 3'' (TBA)
}}
| vgs = {{Plainlist|
* ''Don – The Social Mobsters Game''
* ''[[Don 2: The King is Back (video game)|Don 2: The King is Back]]''
* ''Don 2: The Pursuit''
* ''Don 2: Prison Break''
* ''Don 2: Eliminate Vardhan''
}}
| soundtracks = {{Plainlist|
*''[[Don (1978 film)#Soundtrack|Don]]''
*''[[Don (soundtrack)|Don: The Chase Begins Again]]''
*''[[Don 2 (soundtrack)|Don 2]]''
}}
}}
'''''Don''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[media franchise]], centered on [[Don (character)|Don]], a fictional [[Organized crime in India|Indian underworld]] [[Boss (crime)|boss]]. The franchise originates from the 1978 [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller]] film ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''. Due to [[Pan-Indian film|pan India films]] not being the norm in those days, separate remakes such as ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979), ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980) and ''[[Shobhraj]]'' (1986) were released in South Indian languages. In 2006, the franchisee was rebooted, with the release of ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don: The Chase Begins Again]]''. Its sequel was released in 2011, titled ''[[Don 2]]''. A second sequel, ''Don 3'', has been announced. It has also been expanded to [[comics]] and [[video games]]. The reboot series also had South Indian remakes such as the Tamil films ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]'' (2007) and ''[[Billa II]]'' (2012) and the Telugu film ''[[Billa (2009 film)|Billa]]'' (2009).

The original film was written by [[Salim–Javed]] ([[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]]), directed by [[Chandra Barot]], and starred [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in the title role. Khan and Akhtar reportedly based the character on real life criminal [[Charles Sobhraj]] (with the 1986 Malayalam remake explicitly naming itself ''[[Shobhraj]]''). The remake series was created by Javed Akhtar and his son [[Farhan Akhtar]], with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] starring in the title role. Other actors who have played the character include [[N. T. Rama Rao]] in ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979), [[Rajinikanth]] in ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980), [[Mohanlal]] in ''[[Shobhraj]]'' (1986), [[Ajith Kumar]] in ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]'' (2007) and ''[[Billa II]]'' (2012) and [[Prabhas]] in ''[[Billa (2009 film)|Billa]]'' (2009). ''Don'' is one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Highest-grossing franchises and film series|highest-grossing Indian film franchises]].

The 1991 Pakistani film ''[[Cobra (1991 film)|Cobra]]'' also draws inspiration from ''Don.''<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film66408.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313035349/http://www.citwf.com/film66408.htm|title=Cobra (1991 film) |website= Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|archive-date=13 March 2016|access-date=31 August 2022}}</ref>

==Overview==
===Don (1978)===
{{Main|Don (1978 film)}}
Don, a wanted criminal, succumbs to his injuries in a police chase. Things take a turn when Vijay, a lookalike of Don, hired by DCP D'Silva, replaces him and tries to trace the details of his illegal activities.

===Don (2006)===
{{Main|Don (2006 Hindi film)}}
Vijay, a lookalike of criminal kingpin Don, is hired by DCP D'Silva in order to find Don's secrets. But after D'Silva dies, Vijay struggles to reveal his real identity.

===Don 2 (2011)===
{{Main|Don 2}}
After dominating the Asian underworld, Don sets his eyes on the European criminal market. Caught between the Berlin mafia and law enforcement, Don tries to escape treachery and betrayal.

==Films==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:99%;"
|-
! width="17%" | Film
! Release date
! Director
! width=18%| Screenwriter(s)
! width=20%| Story by
! width=26%| Producer(s)
|-
|[[Don (1978 film)|''Don'']]||12 May 1978||[[Chandra Barot]]||colspan=2|[[Salim–Javed]]||[[Nariman Irani]]
|-
|[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|''Don: The Chase Begins Again'']]||20 October 2006||rowspan=3|[[Farhan Akhtar]]||[[Javed Akhtar]], Farhan Akhtar||Remake of [[Don (1978 film)|''Don'']] (1978)||[[Ritesh Sidhwani]], Farhan Akhtar
|-
|''[[Don 2|Don 2:The King Is Back]]''||23 December 2011||colspan=2|Farhan Akhtar, Ameet Mehta, Amrish Shah||Farhan Akhtar, [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
|-
|''[[Don 3: The Final Chapter|Don 3]]''||TBA|| colspan="2" |Farhan Akhtar, Pushkar-Gayathri||Farhan Akhtar, [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
|}

===''Don'' (1978)===
{{Main|Don (1978 film)}}
The first installment of the series, centers on the fictional incidents. Don, a wanted criminal, succumbs to his injuries in a police chase. Things take a turn when Vijay, a lookalike of Don, replaces him and tries to trace the details of his illegal activities. ''Don'' was released on 12 May 1978, and gained positive response. The film grossed {{INR|link=yes}}7{{nbsp}}[[crore]]<ref name="boxoffice"/> ([[United States dollar|$]]8.6{{nbsp}}million).<ref name="exchange78">{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (8.15 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=1978}}</ref> Adjusted for inflation, its box office gross is equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|8.6|1978}} million ({{INR}}218{{nbsp}}crore) in 2016.<ref name="boxoffice">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=184&catName=MTk3OA==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102521/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=184&catName=MTk3OA==|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2013|title=Box Office 1978|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=20 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="exchange16">{{cite web |title=Exchange Rates (68.3 INR per USD) |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2076.html |year=2016 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215024949/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//fields/2076.html |archive-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It was the third [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] of 1978, and was classified a [[golden jubilee]] by [[Box Office India]].<ref name="boxoffice" /><ref name="don2">{{cite web|title=Farhan's next Don to go on floors in October|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/farhan-s-next-don-to-go-on-floors-in-october-news-bollywood-kkfqQ5hjbgi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119201407/http://sify.com/movies/farhan-s-next-don-to-go-on-floors-in-october-news-bollywood-kkfqQ5hjbgi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 November 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=10 September 2011 |author=IANS|date=22 February 2010}}</ref>

===''Don'' (2006)===
{{Main|Don (2006 Hindi film)}}
''Don'' is a [[reboot (fiction)|reboot]] of the [[Don (1978 film)|1978 film of the same name]], and follows the [[Don (character)|titular criminal]]'s look-alike who has been sent on a clandestine mission to impersonate Don after he is wounded in a chase, and to infiltrate the plans of the drug mafia. The film was titled as Don, but then changed to ''Don: The Chase Begins Again'' and also the second installment in this series. The film is directed by [[Farhan Akhtar]] and produced by [[Javed Akhtar]], Farhan Akhtar.<ref name="don">{{cite web|title=Farhan's 'Don' with SRK|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/farhan-s-don-with-srk-news-bollywood-kkfv6Bciffcsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203195551/http://www.sify.com/movies/farhan-s-don-with-srk-news-bollywood-kkfv6Bciffcsi.html|archive-date=3 February 2017|website=[[Sify]]|date=29 March 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The film stars [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Isha Koppikar]] in lead roles<ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka's race to the top|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/5/5433/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215093341/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/5/5433/index.html|archive-date=15 December 2005|author=Adarsh, Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=5 July 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="join">{{cite web|title=Arjun, Ishaa join the DON|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/19/5517/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018112852/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/7/19/5517/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=19 July 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> and [[Kareena Kapoor]] in a cameo role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kareena is the new Kamini|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/08/04/5583/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060412160352/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2005/08/04/5583/index.html|archive-date=12 April 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=4 August 2005|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> This was Chopra's first action role, and she was excited to the part, so she wanted to do all the stunts by herself.<ref name="watch">{{cite web|title="I did not watch Don again because I did not want to do it like Zeenat Aman. If I tried being like her, I would not have been able to do justice to Roma"- Priyanka Chopra|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/17/1716/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018071929/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/17/1716/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2006|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=17 October 2006|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> ''Don'' was released worldwide on 20{{nbsp}}October 2006 in 800 screens during the [[Diwali]] festive season, clashing with another Bollywood film ''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]''.<ref name="boi">{{cite web|title=Don – The Chase Begins Again|url=https://sattadon.net?movieid=292|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223113653/http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=292|archive-date=23 December 2016|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="connection">{{cite web|title=The Don – Jaan-E-Mann Connection|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1719/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308023050/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/10/18/1719/index.html|archive-date=8 March 2007|author=Navgire, Moses|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=18 October 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The film opened to excellent to very good response at the domestic box-office, with an occupancy of 90%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office Report-21st October 2006|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024031728/http://boxofficeindia.com/|archive-date=24 October 2006|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>[[Mayank Shekhar]] from ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5 and wrote, "The former was a character-driven, intimate film, albeit a fairly slick thriller, mostly for its screenplay."<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuts to the chase|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cuts-to-the-chase/articleshow/15646355.cms?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302143705/http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cuts-to-the-chase/articleshow/15646355.cms|archive-date=2 March 2017|author=Shekhar, Mayank|publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=21 October 2006|access-date=1 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film grossed over {{INR}}7100{{nbsp}}million in India, becoming the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 2006, and was deemed a "hit."<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2006|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119085925/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|archive-date=19 January 2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref> It also grossed over $7.8{{nbsp}}million in the overseas territories and was declared a [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Lifetime Grossers OVERSEAS|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128055451/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archive-date=28 January 2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref> Worldwide, the film grossed over {{INRConvert|1.06|b}} and was a major commercial success.<ref name="boi"/> The Home media was distributed by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Home Entertainment]] domestically and Internationally by UTV, the film was released on [[DVD]]s on 5{{nbsp}}December 2006.<ref name="dvd">{{cite web|title=Don (2006)|url=https://www.amazon.com/Don-Shahrukh-Khan/dp/B000KCHW3G|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113154724/http://www.amazon.com/Don-Shahrukh-Khan/dp/B000KCHW3G|archive-date=13 November 2007|publisher=[[Amazon.com|Amazon]]|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> The [[Blu-ray]] version was released on 27{{nbsp}}April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don Blu-ray|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Don-Blu-ray/11012/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502153943/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Don-Blu-ray/11012|archive-date=2 May 2012|publisher=Blu-ray.com|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

===''Don 2'' (2011)===
{{Main|Don 2}}
A sequel, Don 2, was commissioned after the success of the previous film and was also directed by Akhtar,<ref>{{cite web|title=Don 2|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-2/cast/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201232019/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/don-2/cast/|archive-date=1 February 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=23 December 2011 |url-status=live|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> with both [[Shah Rukh Khan|Khan]] and [[Priyanka Chopra|Priyanka]] reprising their roles and [[Lara Dutta]] in a cameo role. The film's story takes place five years after the previous film when Don, a powerful and ruthless crime boss, plans to take over the European drug cartel. Meanwhile, Roma (Priyanka Chopra) has joined the Interpol to hunt him down. ''Don 2'' was released worldwide 23 December 2011 on 3,105 screens in the domestic market, including 500 prints in [[3D film|3D]], and on 650 screens in 40 countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/businesstalk/id/511/date/2011-12-28 |title=Don 2 Business |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=27 December 2011 |access-date=29 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107180037/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/businesstalk/id/511/date/2011-12-28 |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/box-office/2011/don-2-box-office-report-overseas-collection-271211.html |title=Shahrukh's Don 2 sets new records at Overseas Box Office |publisher=Oneindia |date=27 December 2011 |access-date=29 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106202414/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/box-office/2011/don-2-box-office-report-overseas-collection-271211.html |archive-date=6 January 2012 }}</ref> The dubbed versions in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] were released with the Hindi version.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/aug/220811-bollywood-B-Towns-3D-explosion.htm|title=B-Town's 3D explosion|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|date=22 August 2011|access-date=22 August 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909035927/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/aug/220811-bollywood-B-Towns-3D-explosion.htm|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> It received mixed to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/12/23/review-round-up-srks-a-good-villain-in-don-2/|title=Review Round-Up: SRK's a Good Villain in 'Don 2′|last=Sahni|first=Diksha|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=23 December 2011|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2020|06}}, the film holds a 69% approval rating on [[review aggregator]] site [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on thirteen reviews, with an average rating of 6.68 out of 10.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don 2 (2011)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/don_2/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114180714/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/don_2/|archive-date=14 November 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On its first day, ''Don 2'' had 80-percent occupancy levels throughout India. In multiplexes its occupancy level was 75%-80% percent and 70%–75% in single-screen theatres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3831&nCat= |title=Don 2 Has 70% All India First Day Opening |publisher=BoxOfficeIndia.Com |work=24 December 2009
|access-date=24 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107201747/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3831&nCat= |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|147|m}} from its Hindi version,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4006&nCat=
|publisher=Box office India
|title=Top Opening Days ALL TIME
|date=6 February 2012
|access-date=6 March 2012
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204172910/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4006&nCat=
|archive-date=4 December 2013
}}</ref> in the process becoming the third-[[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest opening-day]] grossing Indian film (fourth-highest for the Hindi version)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=3840&nCat= |title=All Time Top Opening Days DON 2 Fourth |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=24 December 2011 |access-date=24 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104144802/http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=3840&nCat= |archive-date=4 January 2012 }}</ref> and the highest opening-day grossing film on a non-holiday Friday.<ref name="opening day">{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/shah-rukh-khan%E2%80%99s-don-2-day-1-box-office-break-down/ |title=Don 2 Day One Breakdown |publisher=[[Komal Nahta]] |date=24 December 2011 |access-date=24 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904201612/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/shah-rukh-khan%E2%80%99s-don-2-day-1-box-office-break-down/ |archive-date=4 September 2012 }}</ref> The second-week total of ''Don 2'' was the second-highest of 2011, after ''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]''. By the end of its theatrical run the [[Hindi]] version of ''Don 2'' grossed {{INRConvert|1.06|b}} in India and regional versions added a further {{INR}}60 million for a grand total of {{INRConvert|1.12|b}} including Tamil and Telugu,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4240&nCat= |title=Top Lifetime Nett Grossers All Time UPDATED 04/04/12 |publisher=Box Office India |date=4 April 2012 |access-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006030639/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4240&nCat= |archive-date=6 October 2013 }}</ref> making it the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2011. It grossed $11.24 million on the overseas market and was the [[List of Bollywood highest-grossing films in overseas markets|third highest-grossing Bollywood film]] overseas at that time, after ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' and ''[[3 Idiots]]''.<ref name="Don 2 foreign gross">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=don2.htm |title=Don 2 foreign gross |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=2 March 2012 |access-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311073803/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=don2.htm |archive-date=11 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4847&nCat= |title=Top Ten Overseas: EK THA TIGER Sixth |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901195904/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4847&nCat= |archive-date=1 September 2012 }}</ref>

===''Don 3'' (TBA)===
A reboot, ''Don 3'' was announced in 2023 by [[Excel Entertainment]], with [[Ranveer Singh]] in the title role alongside actress [[Kriti Sanon]], replacing [[Kiara Advani]], who was originally roped in for the lead role but left the film following her pregnancy. In January 2025, [[Vikrant Massey]] was confirmed to play the main villain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Vikrant Massey to play the villain in Don 3 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-vikrant-massey-to-play-the-villain-in-don-3_-71130.html |agency=[[Filmfare]] |date=January 28, 2025}}</ref> But by 2026, Singh reportedly walked out of the film, citing creative disagreements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranveer Singh Walks Out of Farhan Akhtar’s 'Don 3': Reports|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/ranveer-singh-walks-out-of-farhan-akhtars-don-3-reports|access-date=2026-03-30|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-25|title=The real reason Ranveer Singh quit Don 3: ‘It’s actually an entirely different story…’|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/the-real-reason-ranveer-singh-quit-don-3-after-dhurandhars-success-akshaye-khanna-aditya-dhar-yami-gautam-101766640290841.html|access-date=2026-03-30|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Characters==

===Don===
{{Main|Don (character)}}

===Vijay===
The protagonist of the 1978 original film, Vijay is a [[slum]]-dwelling simpleton trying to survive in the hustle and bustle of [[Mumbai|Bombay]] in order to support two small foster children. Vijay, the exact lookalike of Don, is trained by D’Silva to impersonate Don and place him back into the crime nexus, but this time as a police informer. A talented singer and joyful enthusiast of [[paan]] (betel-leaf), Vijay struggles to prove his real identity and innocence after the death of D'Silva, the only one who knew about Vijay's undercover operation. When subjected to pressure, Vijay steps up and proves himself to be a force to be reckoned with, defeating Vardhaan's henchmen on multiple occasions before teaming up with Roma and Jasjit to provide the police with a diary that served as proof of Vijay's innocence and Vardhaan's true identity.

In the remake, Vijay's character is similar to the one featured in the original. However, after being hired by D'Silva to serve as an informant, Vijay is killed by Don, who then takes his place.

===Roma===
{{main|Roma (character)}}

A simple girl from town, Roma hates Don because he killed her brother Ramesh and his fiancée (her best friend) Kamini. In order to get revenge, Roma trains herself up and joins Don's gang with a secret desire to kill him. Unaware that the real Don is dead, she fights Vijay (who is then masquerading as Don). But when she learns the truth, she befriends him.

In ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don: The Chase Begins Again]]'', she discovers that Don is still alive and continues to hate him. Her pursuit for Don continues in its [[Don 2|sequel]] where she joins the Interpol. In reboot ''Don'', she falls for Vijay but by the end of the movie realizes he is real [[Don (character)|Don]]. In the [[Don 2|sequel]], she wants to seek revenge for his betrayal but when Vardhaan and Abdul Jabbar (a character played by [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawwab Shah]] in Don 2) ask her to shoot Don or get shot herself, she chooses the latter indicating that she still has a soft corner for him.

===Jasjit===
A circus entertainer who used to work with Narang in the past, Jasjit (a.k.a. "JJ") is hired by Narang for one last heist. JJ refuses but is forced to accept because he needs money for his wife's medical treatment. He is arrested by DSP D'Silva, leading to his wife's death and leaving his children, Munni and Deepu, without a guardian until Vijay finds them and takes care of them. After his release from prison, JJ tries to kill D'Silva, but spares him when D'Silva offers to reunite JJ with his children. While waiting for D'Silva, JJ acquires a diary in the DSP's possession that contained information about Vardhaan's organisation. JJ attempts to trade the diary with Vardhaan in exchange for money, but finds Munni and Deepun (who were taken by Vardhaan as a leverage against Vijay) and rescues them, eventually teaming up with Vijay and Roma to take down Vardhaan.

In the remake, Jasjit is a security software worker hired by an unknown assistant to pull off a heist. Trapped and forced to accept because his wife is kidnapped, Jasjit's story is similar to the one featured in the original.

===D'Silva===
The local [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]] who was assigned the duty of capturing Don. He does succeed in capturing Don, but the latter dies in the process. However, only he knows of Don's death, so he secretly hires Vijay, a look-alike of Don, and advises him to disguise as Don and give the police information about Don's gang. He is the only one who knows Vijay's secret. Vijay succeeds, but he is killed, leaving Vijay on his own to prove his innocence.

In the reboot series, D'Silva survives and reveals himself to be Vardhaan.

===Anita===
Don's girlfriend. She, like the rest of Don's gang, is unaware that Vijay is acting as their leader who is dead. Because Vijay is attracted to Roma instead of Anita, the latter feels jealous, and eventually overhears Vijay's phone conversation with D'Silva, thus finding out the truth. Vijay however quickly manages to trap her, thus saving himself.

In the 2006 remake, she is implied to be aware of Don's plans, rendezvousing with him at the end of the film.

===Vardhaan===
The real underworld boss, higher than Don. Vardhan masquerades himself as Interpol officer R. K. Malik. In the end, his truth is revealed and he is captured by police.

In the remake, Vardhan masquerades himself as DCP D'Silva, and his identity is not known to anyone except his gang members who pretend to be against him. Eventually, Singhania finds out that D'Silva is actually Vardhan, but is killed before the news can reach anyone. Vardhan, who knows that Vijay is not Don, reveals himself to Vijay, who eventually manages to defeat Vardhan and get him arrested. Vardhan returns in the sequel, playing an important role. He seeks revenge against Don for putting him behind bars from the previous film but Don makes a deal with him and both of them break out of prison. He and Don assemble a team to steal the euro-printing plates from J. K. Diwan ([[Alyy Khan]]) but turns on Don and is once again defeated by him and placed back in prison.

===Malik===

R. K. Malik is the Interpol officer. His identity is stolen by Vardhaan, who then works with DSP D'Silva. Vardhaan eventually betrays D'Silva by killing him, but not before revealing himself.

In reboot ''Don'', Malik (now named Vishal Malik) is not Vardhaan. He later becomes an ally of Vijay (who, unbeknownst to him, is actually Don). In ''Don 2'', he gives Roma the duty of capturing Don.

===Singhania===
A new character created exclusively for the remake, Singhania is a former lieutenant of the criminal Boris. He is Don's boss until he is killed by his rival Vardhaan (the other lieutenant of Boris) in ''Don: The Chase Begins Again''. He appears only briefly in the films.

===Boris===
Another new character created exclusively for the remake of the original film.

Boris was the kingpin even higher Vardhaan and Singhania. He was the boss of Vardhaan and Singhania until he was killed by Singhania who took over his business when he wanted to give it to Vardhaan.

=== Cast members, main, recurring, and supporting characters ===
This table lists the main characters who appear in the Don franchise.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" width=100| Character
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! width=120| ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)
! width=120| ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don]]'' (2006)
! width=120| ''[[Don 2]]'' (2011)
|-
! [[Don (character)|Mark "Don" Donald]]
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| colspan="2" | [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
|-
! Vijay Pal
| Amitabh Bachchan
| Shah Rukh Khan
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
![[Roma (character)|Roma Bhagat]]
| [[Zeenat Aman]]
| colspan="2" | [[Priyanka Chopra]]
|-
! Vardhaan Makhija
| [[Om Shivpuri]]
| colspan="2" | [[Boman Irani]]
|-
! Jasjit "JJ" Ahuja
| [[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
| [[Arjun Rampal]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Narang Singh
| [[Kamal Kapoor]]
| [[Pavan Malhotra]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Anita
| Arpana Choudhary
| [[Isha Koppikar]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Kamini
| [[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
| [[Kareena Kapoor]] {{small|(cameo)}}
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Munni
| Baby Bilkish
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Deepu Ahuja
| Alankar Joshi
| [[Tanay Chheda]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Ramesh Bhagat
| Sharad Kumar
| [[Diwakar Pundir]] {{small|(cameo)}}
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! DCP D'Silva
| [[Iftekhar]]
| Boman Irani {{small|(impostor)}}
| style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Inspector Suresh Verma
| [[Satyendra Kapoor]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Interpol officer R. K. Malik
| Om Shivpuri {{small|(impostor)}}, [[Pinchoo Kapoor]] {{small|(real)}}
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;" |
|-
! Interpol officer Vishal Malik
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| colspan="2" |[[Om Puri]]
|-
! Singhania
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| colspan="2" |[[Rajesh Khattar]]
|-
! Ayesha Kapoor
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Lara Dutta]]
|-
! Sameer Ali
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
|-
! Interpol officer Brij Baruah
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| Boman Irani {{small|(impostor)}}
|-
! J. K. Diwan
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Alyy Khan]]
|-
! Arjun Shergill
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Sahil Shroff]]
|-
! Jens Berkel
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Florian Lukas]]
|-
! Abdul Jabbar
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]]
|-
! Yana Ali
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| colspan="1" | [[:de:Rike Schmid|Rike Schmid]]
|}

== Additional crew and production details ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! width=10%| ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)
! width=10%| ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don]]'' (2006)
! width=10%| ''[[Don 2]]'' (2011)
|-
! Director
| [[Chandra Barot]]
| colspan=2|[[Farhan Akhtar]]
|-
! Producer(s)
| [[Nariman A. Irani]]
| [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] Farhan Akhtar
| [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] Farhan Akhtar [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]
|-
! Writer(s)
| [[Salim–Javed]]
| [[Javed Akhtar]] Farhan Akhtar
| Farhan Akhtar Ameet Mehta Amrish Shah
|-
! Music
| [[Kalyanji Anandji]]
| Colspan=2|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
|-
! Cinematography
| [[Nariman Irani]]
| [[K. U. Mohanan]]
| Jason West
|-
! Editor(s)
| Wamanrao
| Neil Sadwelkar Anand Subaya
| Anand Subaya Ritesh Soni
|-
! Production Companies
| Nariman Films
| [[Excel Entertainment]]
| [[Excel Entertainment]], [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]
|-
! Distributing Companies
| {{N/A}}
| [[UTV Motion Pictures]], [[Eros International]]
| [[Reliance Entertainment]]
|-
! Running Time
| 166 minutes
| 169 minutes
| 144 minutes
|}

==Release and revenue==
{|class="wikitable" width=98% border="1"
! rowspan="2" align="center" | Film
! rowspan="2" align="center" | Release date
! rowspan="2" align="center" | Language
! rowspan="2" align="center" | [[List of most expensive Indian films|Budget]]
! colspan="4" |Box office gross revenue
|-
! align="center" |[[List of highest-grossing films in India|India]]
! align="center" |[[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|Overseas]]
! align="center" | [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|Worldwide]]
! align="center" | [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|Worldwide {{nowrap|(inflation adjusted)}}]]
|-
| ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''
| 20 April 1978
| [[Hindi]]
| {{INR|7 [[million]]|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2642|title=Excel Entertainment - Raees After 15 Years of DCH Cinema|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=19 January 2017}}</ref> ({{US$|860,000|long=no|link=yes}})<ref name="exchange78"/>
| {{INR|70 million}}<ref name="boxoffice"/>
| {{N/A}}
| {{INR|70 million}}<ref name="boxoffice"/> ({{US$|8.6 million|long=no}})<ref name="exchange78"/>
| {{INR|{{#expr:{{Inflation|US|8.6|1978}}*1000/{{To USD|1000|IND}}/1000 round 2}} billion}} ({{US$|{{Inflation|US|8.6|1978}} million}})
|-
| ''[[Don: The Chase Begins Again]]''
| 20 October 2006
| Hindi
| {{INR|380 million}}<ref name="boi-don">{{cite web|title=Don - The Chase Begins Again|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=292|website=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> ({{US$|8.4 million|long=no}})<ref name="exchange06">{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (45.3 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=2006}}</ref>
| {{INR|775 million}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2006|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121025724/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2008|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=21 January 2008}}</ref>
| {{US$|7.88 million|long=no}}<ref name="boi-don"/> ({{INR|357 million}})<ref name="exchange06" />
| [[100 Crore Club|{{INR|{{#expr:0.775+0.357}} billion}}]] ({{US$|25 million|long=no}})<ref name="exchange06"/>
| {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|1.132|2006|r=1}}|b}}
|-
| ''[[Don 2]]''
| 23 December 2011
| Hindi
| {{INR}}850{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite news|title=10 of the Most Expensive Bollywood Films Ever Made|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/10-of-the-most-expensive-bollywood-films-ever-made-231862.html|work=[[India Times]]|date=17 April 2015|language=en}}</ref> ($17{{nbsp}}million)<ref name="exchange11">{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (51.2 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=2011}}</ref>
|{{INR}}1.44{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite web|title=Don 2|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=29|website=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref>
| $11.7{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Top International GBO earners of all time|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/list-of-top-international-gbo-earners-of-all-time/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 October 2014}}</ref> ({{INR}}599{{nbsp}}million)<ref name="exchange11" />
| {{INR}}2.06{{nbsp}}[[billion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5303&nCat= |title=Top Ten All Time Worldwide Grossers |date=21 June 2013 |website=[[Box Office India]] |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621151518/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5303&nCat= |archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> ({{US$|{{To USD|2060|IND|year=2011}} million|long=no}})
| {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|2.06|2011|r=1}}|b}}
|-
| ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]''
| 14 December 2007
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{?}}
| {{INR}}500{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web|title=Sherlyn Chopra sets temperatures soaring with her hot photoshoot|url=https://www.movified.com/sherlyn-chopra-sets-temperatures-soaring-with-her-hot-photoshoot|website=Movified|date=12 June 2017|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034328/https://www.movified.com/sherlyn-chopra-sets-temperatures-soaring-with-her-hot-photoshoot|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ($11.04{{nbsp}}million)<ref>{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (45.3 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=2007}}</ref>
| {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|0.5|2007|r=1}}|b}}
|-
| ''[[Billa (2009 film)|Billa]]''
| 3 April 2009
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| {{?}}
|{{?}}
|{{?}}
| {{INR}}260{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite news|title=#Birthdayspecial: Before the grand success of Baahubali, Prabhas delivered these hits|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-hindi-movies/south-movies/article/prabhas-hit-films-telugu-baahubali-billa-mr-perfect-darling-varsham-yogi-chatrapathi/61958|work=[[Times Now]]|date=23 October 2017}}</ref> ($5.8{{nbsp}}million)<ref>{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (45 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=2009}}</ref>
| {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|260|2009|r=-1}}|m}}
|-
| ''[[Billa II]]''
| 13 July 2012
| Tamil
| {{INR}}400{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Kollywood's Rs 100 crore club badly needs a hit|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/why-kollywoods-rs-100-crore-club-badly-needs-a-hit-520421.html|website=[[Firstpost]]|date=9 November 2012}}</ref> ($7.41{{nbsp}}million)<ref name="exchange12">{{cite web|title=Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee (54 INR per USD)|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|year=2012}}</ref>
|{{INR}}430{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-articles/45-for-Enthiran-17-for-Billa-2-18-07-12.html|title=Billa 2 Ajith's costliest|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref>
|{{?}}
| {{INR|1 billion}}<ref>{{cite news|title='#3YearsofBilla2' Trends on Twitter as Ajith Fans Celebrate Three Years of Film's Release|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/3yearsofbilla2-trends-twitter-ajith-fans-celebrate-three-years-films-release-639008|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=13 July 2015|language=en}}</ref> ($19{{nbsp}}million)<ref name="exchange12"/>
| {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|1|2012|r=1}}|b}}
|-
! Total
! {{N/A}}
! {{N/A}}
! {{INR}}{{#expr:0.007+0.38+0.85+0.4}}{{nbsp}}billion (${{#expr:0.86+8.4+17+7.41}}{{nbsp}}million)
! {{INR}}{{#expr:0.07+0.775+1.44+0.43}}{{nbsp}}billion
! ${{#expr:7.88+11.7}}{{nbsp}}million ({{INR}}{{#expr:357+599}}{{nbsp}}million)
! {{INR}}{{#expr:0.07+1.132+2.06+0.5+0.26+1}}{{nbsp}}billion (${{#expr:8.6+25+44.14+11.04+5.8+19}}{{nbsp}}million)
! {{INR|{{#expr:2.67+3.1+3.6+1.3+0.56+1.6}} billion}} ({{US$|{{#expr:36+39+45+16+7+20}} million|long=no}})
|}

==Reception==
The original ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' was a blockbuster. It won a few awards.

*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] won a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].
*[[Asha Bhosle]] won a Filmfare Award, for the song "Yeh Mera Dil".
*[[Kishore Kumar]] won a Filmfare Award, for the song "Khaike Paan Banaraswala".

''[[Mumbai Mirror]]''<nowiki/>'s Mayank Shekhar gave the remake a rating of 3 out of 5. He criticised the treatment of certain scenes in comparison to the original.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shekhar|first=Mayank|title=Cuts to the chase|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Entertainment%20-%20Bollywood&sectid=30&contentid=200610210559539532ea3e80a|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|access-date=2011-07-26|date=21 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003091536/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Entertainment%20-%20Bollywood&sectid=30&contentid=200610210559539532ea3e80a|archive-date=3 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The remake of the film in 2006 was titled the same ''[[Don (2006 Hindi film)|Don]]'', was a hit. The sequel to the 2006 film was released in 2011 as ''[[Don 2]]'' and it was also a hit.

==Comic books==
===''Don''===
''Don'', an 80-page [[comic book]] was published for the 2006 film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Comic Book on Don to be distributed in multiplexes|url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/11/02/8130/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518190912/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2006/11/02/8130/index.html|archive-date=18 May 2008|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=2 November 2006|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

===''Don: The Origin''===
In October 2011 a comic book based on ''Don 2'', ''Don: The Origin'', was published in Mumbai. A prequel, it details Don's past. About the comic, [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] said: "''Don 2'' takes off from where ''Don: The Chase Begins Again'' left off. In these five years, many have forgotten the film and must be curious to know how Don came into being. This original story will help them understand him and also offer a background on other characters like Roma and Vardhaan."<ref name="3Dcomic">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Don-2-comic-books-to-hit-stands-before-film-s-release/Article1-760630.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024124848/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Don-2-comic-books-to-hit-stands-before-film-s-release/Article1-760630.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2011|title=Don 2 comic books to hit stands before film's release|work=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 November 2011|date=23 October 2011}}</ref>

==Games==

===''Don – The Social Mobsters Game''===

[[Excel Entertainment]] collaborated with India's largest video-game company, Gameshastra, on a console game. The firm developed a third-person action-adventure console game in which the player performs actions similar to Don's in the film.<ref name=games>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/now-a-video-game-on-don-2/210029-11.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904012150/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/now-a-video-game-on-don-2/210029-11.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2013 |title=Now, a video game on 'Don 2' |publisher=[[CNN IBN]] |date=10 May 2011|access-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> A social game, ''Don – The Social Mobsters Game'' (developed by Mango Games), was launched on Facebook. It is available on Android and PSN for [[PlayStation 3]] platforms. Sidhwani said, "This is the first time that a game based on an Indian film will be launched on four platforms. For an iconic character like Don, I think this was the best way to keep the hysteria going amongst his fans."<ref name=games/>

===''Don 2: The King is Back''===
{{main|Don 2: The King is Back (video game)}}

A [[PlayStation 2]] game, ''[[Don 2: The King is Back (video game)|Don 2: The King is Back]]'', was released in India in February 2013 as the final [[PAL]] game for PS2.

===Mobile games===
[[Mobile video game]]s based on ''Don 2'' were also made as [[tie-in]]s during its release by Fugu Mobile, including ''Don 2: The Pursuit'' (a [[Racing video game|racing game]]), ''Don 2: Prison Break'' and ''Don 2: Eliminate Vardhan''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FuguMobile |url=https://phoneky.com/games/?q=FuguMobile |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=phoneky.com}}</ref>

==Other Indian language remakes==
''Don'' has a number of South Indian remakes and spin-off films.

===''Billa'' series===
''Billa'' is a South Indian film series based on ''Don'', including three [[Tamil films]], as well as a [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] remake.

*[[Billa (1980 film)|''Billa'' (1980)]] {{mdash}} remake of ''Don'' (1978), starring [[Rajinikanth]].
*[[Billa (2007 film)|''Billa'' (2007)]] {{mdash}} remake of ''Billa'' (1980), starring [[Ajith Kumar]].
*[[Billa (2009 film)|''Billa'' (2009)]] {{mdash}} Telugu remake of ''Billa'' (2007), starring [[Prabhas]].
*''[[Billa II]]'' (2012) {{mdash}} prequel of ''Billa'' (2007), starring Ajith Kumar.

===Other remakes===
*''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979) {{mdash}} Telugu remake of ''Don'' (1978), starring [[N. T. Rama Rao]].
*''[[Shobhraj|Shobaraj]]'' (1986) {{mdash}} [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] remake of ''Don'' (1978), starring [[Mohanlal]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Don film series}}

{{Don And Remakes|state=expanded}}
{{Farhan Akhtar}}
{{Salim-Javed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Don Series}}
[[Category:Action film franchises]]
[[Category:Crime film series]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Salim–Javed]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Thriller film series]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Films about Interpol]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films about the Narcotics Control Bureau]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]

Arun Kumar Singh (politician)

2026-04-22T11:27:47Z

Geri3389994518: adding bio - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Kumar Singh
| image = IMG-20250408-WA0030.jpg (1).jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|08|02}}
| birth_place = Baburban, [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| education = Ph.D., M.A., MBA
| alma_mater = Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, LN Mishra College, Muzaffarpur
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office = Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|
| constituency = [[Baruraj Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 2020
| preceded = [[Nand Kumar Rai]]
| spouse = Anjani Singh
| children = 3
}}

'''Arun Kumar Singh''' (born 2 August 1970) is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]] and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). He serves as a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arun Kumar Singh {{!}} District Muzaffarpur, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/whoswho/arun-kumar-singh/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bjp Arun Kumar Singh Candidate Baruraj Bihar Vidhan Sabha Election Result 2020 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/bihar/candidates/arun-kumar-singh-bjp-2020-baruraj-96-bihar |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> from the [[Baruraj Assembly constituency]]<ref name="Baruraj Seat Chunav Result ARUN KUMAR SINGH INAND KUMAR RAI JDU RJD: Bihar vidhansabha chunav">{{Cite web |last=Hindi |first=India TV |last2=Kumar |first2=Niraj |date=2020-11-10 |title=Baruraj Seat Chunav Result ARUN KUMAR SINGH INAND KUMAR RAI JDU RJD: Bihar vidhansabha chunav: बरुराज सीट पर शुरू हुई मतगणना, जानिए BJP और RJD में कौन आगे |url=https://www.indiatv.in/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2020-baruraj-seat-election-result-arun-kumar-singh-inand-kumar-rai-jdu-rjd-752195 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=India TV Hindi}}</ref> in [[Muzaffarpur district]] and is currently in his second consecutive term, having been re-elected in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections. <ref name="Baruraj Seat Chunav Result ARUN KUMAR SINGH INAND KUMAR RAI JDU RJD: Bihar vidhansabha chunav" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Baruraj Election Result 2020: बरूराज से जीते बीजेपी के अरुण कुमार सिंह |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bihar-election-chunav-2020/baruraj-vidhan-sabha-election-result-2020-latest-news-updates-on-bjp-arun-kumar-singh-and-rjd-nand-kumar-rai-with-voting-percentage-in-bihar-chunav-and-get-breaking-news-on-baruraj-vidhan-sabha-winnin/amp |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Baruraj Election Result 2020 LIVE:">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Baruraj Election Result 2020: बरुराज विधानसभा सीट पर बीजेपी के अरुण कुमार जीते |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/baruraj-election-results-2020-bihar-chunav-vidhan-sabha-seat-counting-1159428-2020-11-10 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/CandidateCustomFilter?electionType=9-AC-GENERAL-3-13&election=9-AC-GENERAL-3-13&states=S04&page=428{{Dead link | date=October 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Arun Kumar Singh was born on 2 August 1970 in Baburban, [[Muzaffarpur]] district, [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP/MLA/MLC {{!}} District Muzaffarpur, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/divisions/mp-mla-mlc/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=muzaffarpur.nic.in |language=en-US}}</ref> He hails from a politically influential family. His grandfather, the late Yamuna Singh, was a freedom fighter and a former two-time Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from the Baruraj constituency. His father, the late Brij Kishor Singh, was an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Baruraj (2010–2015).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baruraj Election 2020: बरुराज में दो परिवारों के राजनीतिक उत्तराधिकारियों में ही फिर संघर्ष - Bihar, Baruraj Election News 2020: Conflict between political heirs of two families in Baruraj again |url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-conflict-between-political-heirs-of-two-families-in-baruraj-again-20984713.html |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/bihar-assembly-election-results-2020/baruraj | title=Baruraj Election Results 2020 {{!}} Bihar Assembly Election Results | website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=October 2025}}
Singh holds a Doctorate (Ph.D.), a Master of Arts (M.A.), and a Master of Business Administration (MBA). He completed his higher education at [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]] and LN Mishra College, [[Muzaffarpur]].

== Political career ==
He started his political journey as a Ward Parishad (Ward Member) from 2002 to 2007 in [[Muzaffarpur]], where he focused on road repairs, public sanitation, education, and welfare initiatives.<ref name="Baruraj Election Result 2020 LIVE:" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-29 |title=बरूराज विधायक ने सिरसिया में पुलिस ओपी खोलने की उठाई मांग - Muzaffarpur News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/news/baruraj-mla-raised-demand-to-open-police-op-in-sirsia-132652604.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229171151/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/news/baruraj-mla-raised-demand-to-open-police-op-in-sirsia-132652604.html |archive-date=2024-02-29 |access-date=2025-10-16 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

In the 2015 assembly elections, Singh contested from the Baruraj constituency as a BJP candidate but lost to Nand Kumar Rai of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] by a narrow margin of 4,909 votes.<ref name=":0" />

In 2020, Singh contested again from Baruraj and defeated the same opponent with a remarkable margin of 43,654 votes, securing 51% of the total votes polled. He received 87,407 votes and marked a significant political turnaround in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Baruraj Election Result 2020: बरूराज से जीते बीजेपी के अरुण कुमार सिंह |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bihar-election-chunav-2020/baruraj-vidhan-sabha-election-result-2020-latest-news-updates-on-bjp-arun-kumar-singh-and-rjd-nand-kumar-rai-with-voting-percentage-in-bihar-chunav-and-get-breaking-news-on-baruraj-vidhan-sabha-winnin |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

He was re-elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 2025 as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), securing 96,879 votes and defeating his nearest rival by a margin of 29,052 votes.[https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S0496.htm]

== Electoral Record ==

'''Arun Kumar Singh's electoral record'''

{| class="wikitable"
! S. No.
! Year
! Political Party Name
! Win/Defeat
|-
| 1
| 2015
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
| Defeated
|-
| 2
| 2020
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
| Won
|-
| 3
| 2025
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
| Won
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Arun Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
{{improve categories|date=October 2025}}

Umesh Nath Maharaj

2026-04-22T01:33:56Z

Geri3389994518: created initial stub initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Balyogi Umesh Nath Maharaj
| image = Balyogi Umesh Nath Maharaj.jpg
| caption = Balyogi Umesh Nath Maharaj
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
| predecessor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Balyogi Umesh Nath Maharaj'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 February 2024 |title=Chief Minister Dr. Yadav extends best wishes to Rajya Sabha candidates |url=https://www.mpinfo.org/Home/TodaysNews?newsid=20240215N101&fontname=FontEnglish&LocID=32&pubdate=02/15/2024 |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=MPInfo Org}}</ref> is an Indian politician. He is a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="Noronha 2024 w751">{{cite web | last=Noronha | first=Rahul | title=Who are the 5 Rajya Sabha members from MP, and why were they nominated? | website=India Today | date=21 February 2024 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/who-are-the-5-rajya-sabha-members-from-mp-and-why-were-they-nominated-2505273-2024-02-21 | access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2024 b618">{{cite web | title=All 4 BJP candidates file papers for RS Bhopal | website=The Times of India | date=16 February 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/all-4-bjp-candidates-file-papers-for-rs-bhopal/articleshow/107738053.cms | access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2024 i949">{{cite web | title=BJP Nominates 3 New Faces for Rajya Sabha, Including Sadhu from Ujjain | website=The Times of India | date=15 February 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/bjp-nominates-3-new-faces-for-rajya-sabha-including-sadhu-from-ujjain/articleshow/107706327.cms | access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Chhanv Foundation

2026-04-20T01:19:21Z

Geri3389994518: started basic article added tags

{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Chhanv Foundation
| full_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo = Logo_of_Chhanv_Foundation.webp
| logo_size =
| logo_alt = See caption
| logo_caption = Logo
| merged_into = 
| successor =
| formation = 
| founder = Alok Dixit, [[Ashish Shukla]]
| founding_location =
| dissolved = 
| merger = 
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| purpose = Humanitarian, activism
| professional_title = 
| region_served = 
| products = 
| services =
| awards = [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| website = {{URL|www.chhanv.org/}}
}}
[[File:Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskars for the year 2016 to Chhanv Foundation (Sheroes Hangout Cafe), Delhi, at a function, on the occasion of the International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi.jpg|An acid attack survivor receives the Nari Shakti Pauraskar on behalf of the Chhanv Foundation in 2017|alt=Woman on left receives award from man on right|thumb|right]]

The '''Chhanv Foundation''' is a [[non-governmental organization]] (NGO) set up by Alok Dixit and Ashish Shukla in 2013 in order to help the survivors of [[acid attacks]]. It runs cafés known under the social enterprise Sheroes Hangout in [[Agra]], [[Lucknow]] and [[Noida]] which works for the rehabilitation and employment of acid attack survivors. The NGO received the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] and in 2020 stated it had helped over 100 survivors of acid attacks.

==Foundation==
The Chhanv Foundation was set up by Alok Dixit and Ashish Shukla in 2013 in order to help the survivors of [[acid attacks]], who are mostly women. They envisage to bring relief in the lives of the survivors of acid attacks and help in as many directions for them to have access to medical recovery and fast justice to fight back the irreparable
impact of this crime.The [[National Crime Records Bureau]] stated in 2021 that between 2014 and 2018 there had been almost 1,600 attacks.<ref name="CNN" />

==Cafés==
Chhanv opened the first café in [[Agra]] in 2014 where survivors could find employment, since they are shunned from many sectors of society. It was known as [[Sheroes Hangout]] and other branches were opened in [[Lucknow]] and [[Noida]].<ref name="NDTV" /><ref name="HT-2017">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Moushumi Das |title=Nari Shakti in many forms: ISRO scientists, Sheroes, a driver to get top honours |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nari-shakti-in-many-forms-isro-scientists-sheroes-a-driver-to-get-top-honours/story-7iXeBR6fytzBVqqjaNo8iN.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728074209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nari-shakti-in-many-forms-isro-scientists-sheroes-a-driver-to-get-top-honours/story-7iXeBR6fytzBVqqjaNo8iN.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The parent model of Sheroes Hangout is the country's first café
managed and run by acid attack survivors

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], the cafés in Agra and Lucknow were forced to close down. This impacted the foundation's work since the profits were used to fund the treatment and rehabilitation of attack survivors. Dixit then introduced Gift a Story, an internet retail platform which sells products such as candles and handicrafts made by survivors.<ref name="TH-2020">{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Soma |title=The five languages of love that help us to heal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/the-five-languages-of-love-to-wellbeing/article33385359.ece |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=21 December 2020 |language=en-IN |archive-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202183503/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/the-five-languages-of-love-to-wellbeing/article33385359.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, café staff in Agra switched to supplying food to the city's poorest inhabitants, funded by donations.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Rakesh |title=A cafe near the Taj Mahal that empowered acid attack survivors has closed. But these 'Sheroes' aren't giving up |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/taj-mahal-india-sheroes-hangout-cmd/index.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=CNN |date=13 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713220932/http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/taj-mahal-india-sheroes-hangout-cmd/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sheroes Agra reopened in December 2021.<ref name="ToI-2021">{{cite news |title=Sheroes café, run by acid attack survivors in Agra, reopens after 7 months |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/sheroes-caf-run-by-acid-attack-survivors-in-agra-reopens-after-7-months/articleshow/88213790.cms |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |date=11 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210230420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/sheroes-caf-run-by-acid-attack-survivors-in-agra-reopens-after-7-months/articleshow/88213790.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Seven months later, two Sheroes kiosks were opened in [[Noida]].<ref name="HT-2022">{{cite news |title=Sheroes Hangout Café opens in Noida |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/sheroes-hangout-caf-opens-in-noida-101652812728246.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605235849/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/sheroes-hangout-caf-opens-in-noida-101652812728246.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Michelle Obama presented the organisation with the [[International Women of Courage Award]] in 2014. Emma Macey Storch made the film ''Geeta'' about Geeta Mahor who was acid attacked by her husband, who also poured acid on his three daughters whilst they slept in 1992. Mahor later helped to found the Sheroes café in Agra.<ref name="SBS">{{cite news |last1=Jabbal |first1=Preeti |title='Seeing my scars is a bigger punishment for him than any jail term,' says acid attack survivor |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/seeing-my-scars-is-a-bigger-punishment-for-him-than-any-jail-term-says-acid-attack-survivor |access-date=19 June 2022 |work=SBS Hindi |date=25 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217113531/https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/seeing-my-scars-is-a-bigger-punishment-for-him-than-any-jail-term-says-acid-attack-survivor |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Chhapaak'' is a 2020 film about the life of acid attack survivors starring [[Deepika Padukone]].<ref name="STP">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rudrani |title=Scars Cannot Stop Them: Meet India's Incredible Acid Attack Survivors - SheThePeople TV |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/meet-acid-attack-survivors-india/ |access-date=19 June 2022 |work=She The People |date=13 January 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418123827/https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/meet-acid-attack-survivors-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone donated Rs 15 [[lakh]] to help an attack survivor who had appeared in the film with life-saving kidney treatment.<ref name="N18">{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone Donates Rs 15 Lakh to Save Acid Attack Survivor Who Appeared in Chhapaak |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-contributes-to-save-acid-attack-survivor-who-appeared-in-chhapaak-4159751.html |access-date=19 June 2022 |work=News 18 |date=3 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173047/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-contributes-to-save-acid-attack-survivor-who-appeared-in-chhapaak-4159751.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In recognition of its work, Chhanv received the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] in 2017.<ref name="Edex">{{cite news |last1=Benu |first1=Parvathi |title=Real Sheroes: This fashion designer who survived an acid attack just won the President's Medal |url=https://www.edexlive.com/live-story/2017/mar/08/real-sheroes-this-fashion-designer-who-survived-an-acid-attack-just-won-the-presidents-medal-177.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=Edex Live |date=8 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120065152/https://www.edexlive.com/live-story/2017/mar/08/real-sheroes-this-fashion-designer-who-survived-an-acid-attack-just-won-the-presidents-medal-177.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2022, it had helped over 100 survivors of acid attacks.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Alok |title=I Watched "Chhapaak" With Acid Attack Survivors. They Surprised Me |url=https://www.ndtv.com/blog/i-watched-chhapaak-with-acid-attack-survivors-they-surprised-me-2162113 |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613175921/https://www.ndtv.com/blog/i-watched-chhapaak-with-acid-attack-survivors-they-surprised-me-2162113 |url-status=live }}</ref> The foundation announced in 2022 that it was fundraising Rs 1 [[crore]] for medical treatment.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Mitti Cafe]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Foundations based in India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in India]]

Chamraua Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:25:03Z

Geri3389994518: started some entry needs work.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = 35. Chamraua ३५. चमरव्वा
| constituency_no = 35
| map_image = 35-Chamraua.svg
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency|Rampur]]
| mla = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Rampur district|Rampur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 299,126 (2017)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Chamraua Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], India. It is a part of the [[Rampur district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 2008 after "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in the year 2008. The constituency is assigned identification number 35.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 1 September 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf#|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chamraua.html}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Chamraua Assembly constituency is KC Matkhera of Suar Tehsil; KCs Saidnagar & Chamraua of Rampur Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Chamraua Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chamraua.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Ali Yusuf Ali]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chamraua<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:100976}}
|percentage = 50.34
|change = +5.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mohan Kumar Lodhi
|votes = {{formatnum:66686}}
|percentage = 33.24
|change = +7.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ali Yusuf Ali]]
|votes = {{formatnum:18213}}
|percentage = 9.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Abdul Mustafa Hussain
|votes = {{formatnum:10366}}
|percentage = 5.17
|change = -22.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:981}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change = -0.07
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34290}}
|percentage = 17.1
|change = -0.6
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:200601}}
|percentage = 65.13
|change = +0.18
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chamraua<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:87400}}
|percentage = 44.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Ali Yusuf Ali]]
|votes = {{formatnum:53024}}
|percentage = 27.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mohan Kumar Lodhi
|votes = {{formatnum:50954}}
|percentage = 26.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1077}}
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34376}}
|percentage = 17.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:194285}}
|percentage = 64.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 General Elections]]
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Chamraua<ref name="2012 Election Results"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Ali Yusuf Ali]]
|votes = 37,083
|percentage = 22.42
|change = –
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
|votes = 35,237
|percentage = 21.3
|change = –
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Muti Ur Rehman Khan
|votes = 28,155
|percentage = 17.02
|change = –
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 16 candidates
|votes = 64,920
|percentage = 39.25
|change = –
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,846
|percentage = 1.12
|change = –
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 165,395
|percentage = 61.61
|change = –
}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|loser =
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}
Source:<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news |title=2012 Election Results |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |access-date=1 September 2015 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Rampur district]]
*[[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rampur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Velipadinte Pusthakam

2026-04-18T00:23:40Z

Geri3389994518: created first data needs work

{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Velipadinte Pusthakam
| image = Velipadinte Pusthakam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Lal Jose]]
| producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]
| writer = [[Benny P. Nayarambalam]]
| starring = [[Mohanlal]] [[Anoop Menon]] [[Anna Rajan]] [[Priyanka Nair]] [[Salim Kumar]] [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] [[Appani Sarath]]
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cinematography = Vishnu Sarma
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]
| distributor = [[Maxlab Cinemas and Entertainments]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|8|31|India}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Velipadinte Pusthakam''''' ({{translation|[[Book of Revelation]]}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action drama film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/velipadinte-pusthakam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zota5ote|title=Velipadinte Pusthakam|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209075205/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/velipadinte-pusthakam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zota5ote|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by [[Lal Jose]] and written by [[Benny P. Nayarambalam]]. The film was produced by [[Antony Perumbavoor]] through [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]; it stars [[Mohanlal]] with [[Anoop Menon]], [[Anna Rajan]], [[Priyanka Nair]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Salim Kumar]], Sanjeev M Pillai and [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] in supporting roles. [[Shaan Rahman]] composed the film's soundtrack and score.

The film follows the lives of many people associated with a lesser-known seaside college. When a newly appointed vice principal acts in a fundraising film for his college, problems begin to rise as he unveils the truth behind a crime and gets absorbed in it. [[Principal photography]] took place between May and July 2017, primarily in the neighbourhoods of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Alappuzha]] in Kerala.

''Velipadinte Pusthakam'' was released in India on 31 August 2017. The song "Entammede Jimikki Kammal" from the film sung by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and Renjith Unni was a viral hit attracting national and international attention for the first time in the Malayalam music industry.

==Plot==
During the [[Malayalam calendar|Karkidakam]] season in 2007, Vishwanathan, also known as Bullet Vishwan, is ambushed while riding his motorbike. As he fights his attackers, two men—Maathan Tharakan and Kaaka Rameshan—arrive. Maathan hits Vishwan with a steel bar, killing him.

Prof. Premraj, also called Kamaraj, is the vice-principal of a college who tries to stop relationships between male and female students while continuing a relationship with a cleaner, and watches pornographic videos. Two student gangs; the 'kadappuram' (seafront) gang led by Franklin and the '[[Thiruvananthapuram]]' (city) gang led by Sameer are always at loggerheads with each other. During one of these fights, the gangs break a picture of Vishwan. Premraj installs [[CCTV]] cameras in the campus. Franklin's friend Vignyanaakoshi interferes with the system to show pornographic videos; Premraj turns on the monitor, sees the videos and is caught by Fr. Joseph Kaattuparamban, who suspends him from his job. Premraj tells Sameer and his gang he is innocent of the offence but is being replaced as vice-principal and is powerless to act. He orders the gang to break the new vice-principal's legs; Sameer agrees to this and the gang hold a small protest by the gate as Premraj's replacement arrives. Franklin also arrives and congratulates the new vice-principal.

The new vice-principal is Michael Idicula, who avoids Sameer's plan to break his legs. He introduces himself to the teachers, including Mary. Michael's first class of students—especially Sameer, who was praised for making a short film—seem to like him. This disappoints Franklin, who was expecting Michael to befriend Franklin instead. One day, Michael meets Franklin's father Varkey, who is drunk and invites Michael to his house. He meets Franklin's family. Later, the physics teacher Anumol, who is Mary's friend, decides to propose to Michael on her behalf. When they go to meet Michael, he tells them to meet after the morning [[Holy Mass|Mass]] at the local [[Latin Church|Latin]] church. They discover Michael is a priest and wonder why he still did not marry. Anumol and Mary cancel their planned proposal; instead Anumol asks Michael if he knows anyone willing to marry Mary, to which Michael agrees. Meanwhile, Michael reconciles Sameer and Franklin and their gangs, and they also meet Vareethettan, who has been serving Michael's family for a long time.

Michael, as vice-principal, is popular with the students and the staff. When Michael suggests making a feature film to raise money for building two [[Dormitory|hostels]] for the college, Fr. Kaattuparambu gives permission, providing only the Phoenix College staff and students are in the film. Michael calls his friend, Malayalam film producer [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]], about the project, and he agrees to take part. According to Vijay, the story is only suitable for a short film and Michael suggests the story of Vishwan, who had campaigned for a college to be built on land originally owned by Maathan Tharakan. He describes Vishwan as a violent but honest man who always did the right thing whenever he could. Maathan Tharakan killed Vishwan the day after the college's cornerstone was laid, and paid to have his right-hand man Kaaka Rameshan sent to jail. Vijay says the story is perfect and goes ahead with the project.

Auditions for the film's characters are held and all of the roles except that of Vishwan—whom no-one portrays well—are cast. Because of this, Vijay decides to freeze the project. They eventually find someone who is perfect for the role—Michael—who changes his appearance completely. The film's production begins.

[[Principal photography]] of the film begins; all of the actors—except Premraj (portraying Maathan Tharakan), who has difficulties in acting—perform well. Meanwhile, Michael meets Vishwan's widow Jayanthi and her second daughter Sreekutty, who explain that their first daughter died. One night, Premraj is beaten up by the real Maathan Tharakan and his gang, who warn him Michael will suffer the same fate if he carries on with the film. Michael goes to meet Maathan and tells him filming must continue. One night, Maathan tells Michael the story about Vishwan's death is wrong and that Kaaka Rameshan was the true killer; Vishwan was killed because he married Rameshan's lover Jayanthi. Shocked, Michael asks Sameer and Franklin to restructure the climax; after much argument, both agrees to the demands.

The crew film the death of Vishwan's first child. After the filming, Michael signs a form in the name of Vishwan, shocking Vareethettan. He tells the staff and students Michael's father resented his son becoming a priest and forcibly removed him from the [[seminary]]; this incident affected Michael as a psychological illness. Vareethettan says Michael adopts the personality of characters he really likes, and asks them to stop Michael from acting. Michael vanishes but he—still speaking as Vishwan—threatens Varkey into revealing how Vishwan's first daughter died; Varkey says Kaaka Rameshan drowned her in a pond. Varkey told the real Vishwan everything and Vishwan started fighting Rameshan and got himself killed. The next day, Rameshan is released from jail and tells some of the people there he killed Vishwan, shocking everyone. Rameshan creates a fuss at the filming and then arrives at the climax scene. There, Michael—who is supposed to be receiving a whack on the head from another actor—stops and beats up the actor. Rameshan gets involved and tells the crew he killed Vishwan, angering Michael, who nearly kills Rameshan.

Vishwan's death is not depicted in the students' film; instead a caption tells the audience; "Vishwan lives in the minds of everyone". Michael's illness has been cured and the bishop explains that Michael is the best person to inaugurate the new hostel. He does this and announces that he will become the new [[principal (academia)|principal]] of the Phoenix College. The film ends as all of them stands together to take a selfie.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}

* [[Mohanlal]] as Prof./Fr. Michael Idicula / Bullet Vishwan
* [[Anoop Menon]] as Vishwanathan / Bullet Vishwan
* [[Arun Kurian]] as Sameer
* [[Appani Sarath]] as Franklin
* [[Anna Rajan]] as Mary
* [[Priyanka Nair]] as Jayanthi
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Prof.Premraj Idikkattutharayil
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Kaaka Rameshan
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Maathan Tharakan
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as Fr. Joseph Kaattuparamban
* [[Sneha Sreekumar]] as Anumol
* [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as himself
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Vareethettan
* Prasad Mohammah as Varkey
* [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] as Vignyanakoshi
* Neha as Vishwan's first daughter
* [[Venkitesh V. P.]] as College student (special appearance in the song "[[Entammede Jimikki Kammal]]")<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chasing a filmy dream|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/181018/chasing-a-filmy-dream.html|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=18 October 2018 |access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In an interview with ''[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Online]]'' in May 2015, [[Lal Jose]] announced he would soon direct a film with [[Mohanlal]]. in the lead roles and had already received an [[advance payment]] from producer [[Antony Perumbavoor]] for [[Aashirvad Cinemas]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/mohanlal-to-team-up-with-laljose.html|title=Mohanlal to team up with Lal Jose|date=24 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823161703/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/mohanlal-to-team-up-with-laljose.html|archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> In September, however, he said he would precede with a short-scheduled film by December and a [[Nivin Pauly]] film in early 2016, and had the "other film in mind".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/I-have-been-pampered-by-women-at-all-ages/articleshow/49013704.cms|title=I have been pampered by women at all ages|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 September 2015|first=Sindhu|last=Vijayakumar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001161510/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/I-have-been-pampered-by-women-at-all-ages/articleshow/49013704.cms|archive-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> His first-time working with both actors together, Lal had made earlier attempts to make a film with Mohanlal, which never worked out.<ref name="NIE" />

The project started during a story discussion with screenwriter [[Benny P. Nayarambalam]], when Lal asked him if he could come up with a story that would suit Mohanlal. Benny described a character he had in mind, which Lal found interesting. They then developed a story outline in 10 days.<ref name="NIE">{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/apr/27/i-was-always-asked-why-i-didnt-do-a-movie-with-mohanlal-1598533--1.html|title='I was always asked why I didn't do a movie with Mohanlal'|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=27 April 2017|first=Chandrakanth|last=Viswanath|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602134130/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/apr/27/i-was-always-asked-why-i-didnt-do-a-movie-with-mohanlal-1598533--1.html|archive-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> As of January 2016, a script for the project had not been written; Benny said the film was in its preliminary phase and might take another year to materialize, considering that both Lal Jose and Mohanlal were busy with other projects.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/Mohanlal-Lal-Jose-project-will-take-time/articleshow/50773431.cms|title=Mohanlal-Lal Jose project will take time|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 January 2016|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913034413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/Mohanlal-Lal-Jose-project-will-take-time/articleshow/50773431.cms|archive-date=13 September 2017}}</ref> Shortly after, Pauly's film was mothballed and Lal confirmed the "Mohanlal/Lal Jose film" as his next. He described its genre as a "light-hearted humorous movie". The rest of the cast and crew of the film were expected to be fixed as soon as the script was finished.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/My-next-is-a-breezy-comedy-with-Mohanlal-Lal-Jose/articleshow/50791545.cms|title=My next is a breezy comedy with Mohanlal: Lal Jose|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 January 2016|first=Sindhu|last=Vijayakumar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402184356/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/My-next-is-a-breezy-comedy-with-Mohanlal-Lal-Jose/articleshow/50791545.cms|archive-date=2 April 2016}}</ref>

In February 2016, Lal said Benny "has started the work", and after finishing the writing process the filming would commence in the second half of 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/feb/01/lal-jose-to-team-up-with-mohanlal-sreenivasan-886880.html|title=Lal Jose to Team up With Mohanlal, Sreenivasan|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=1 February 2016|author=Express Features|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175559/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/feb/01/Lal-Jose-to-Team-up-With-Mohanlal-Sreenivasan-886880.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> The following month, Benny said he would start writing after finishing scripting a Mammootty film scheduled to start in August 2016. Meanwhile, some reports said Mohanlal's role was of a college vice principal in the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/Benny-to-script-for-Big-Ms-and-Dileep/articleshow/51312191.cms|title=Benny to script for Big Ms and Dileep|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 March 2016|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302133241/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/Benny-to-script-for-Big-Ms-and-Dileep/articleshow/51312191.cms|archive-date=2 March 2017}}</ref> In December 2016, Benny said the film's discussion was progressing and that it dealt with a "subject that has tragedy and will have Mohanlal as a college professor".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/nadirshah-to-direct-mammootty-in-a-comedy/articleshow/56199737.cms|title=Nadirshah to direct Mammootty in a comedy|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2016|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913024323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/nadirshah-to-direct-mammootty-in-a-comedy/articleshow/56199737.cms|archive-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>

In April 2017, it was announced that the first schedule of filming would start by mid-May and the second schedule two months later. More details of Mohanlal's character were revealed: he plays a distant professor of a college and will exhibit two different character looks while passing through two phases of life, but "not [in] a long [time] span"—one will have him in a bearded look and the other clean-shaven. It was reported that Mohanlal would shoot for around a month and will join the second schedule by July, appearing in different looks for each schedule. Some of the cast were confirmed and the rest were being finalized at the time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-to-sport-two-different-looksin-lal-jose-film/articleshow/58147356.cms|title=Mohanlal to sport two different looks in Lal Jose film|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 April 2017|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416191445/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-to-sport-two-different-looksin-lal-jose-film/articleshow/58147356.cms|archive-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> The title ''Velipadinte Pusthakam'' was announced by Mohanlal on 21 May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-treats-his-fans-on-his-birthday-by-revealing-the-title-of-his-next-with-lal-jose-4666403/|title=Mohanlal treats his fans on his birthday by revealing the title of his next with Lal Jose|date=21 May 2017|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|author=Express Web Desk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521091946/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-treats-his-fans-on-his-birthday-by-revealing-the-title-of-his-next-with-lal-jose-4666403/|archive-date=21 May 2017}}</ref> As of April 2017, filming was scheduled to start on 15 May that year.<ref name="NIE"/>

=== Casting ===
Lal Jose wanted every character in the film to get due importance; not just the lead character.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/may/31/aanandam-fame-arun-kurian-in-velipadinte-pusthakam-1610972.html|title=Aanandam fame Arun Kurian in Velipadinte Pusthakam|date=31 May 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125245/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/may/31/aanandam-fame-arun-kurian-in-velipadinte-pusthakam-1610972.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> The names of most of the supporting cast were revealed in April 2017. [[Anna Rajan]], who debuted with ''[[Angamaly Diaries]]'', was fixed in the role of Mary, a professor. Benny described her character as "a strict college professor who would be seen as a regular, sari-clad faculty member. We might add a pair of spectacles too to the look, but the final decision will be taken post the [[Screen test|look test]]."<ref name="TOI/Somani" /> Anoop Menon was confirmed in an unspecified role who "appears in the backstory of the film".<ref name="TOI/Somani" /> Also Salim Kumar, Priyanka Nair, Kalabhavan Shajohn, [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], Alencier Ley Lopez, Arun Kurian, and Jagan were confirmed at the time in other supporting roles.<ref name="TOI/Somani">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lichy-plays-a-teacher-again-this-time-as-mohanlals-heroine/articleshow/58206846.cms|title='Lichy' plays a teacher again, this time as Mohanlal's heroine!|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017|first=Deepa|last=Soman|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419154839/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lichy-plays-a-teacher-again-this-time-as-mohanlals-heroine/articleshow/58206846.cms|archive-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> Arun Kurian plays a college student named Sameer, whom he described as a "gregarious type, a college-going city boy"; Lal Jose had Arun himself in mind for the role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/010617/attending-lal-and-lal-acting-school.html|title=Attending Lal and Lal acting school|date=1 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130149/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/010617/attending-lal-and-lal-acting-school.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

In June 2017, it was revealed that Anoop would play an old man named Vishwan and would wear more than one costume during the story.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anoop-menon-turns-naadan-mechanic-in-lal-joses-next/articleshow/58986004.cms|title=Anoop Menon turns 'naadan' mechanic in Lal Jose's next – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001161459/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anoop-menon-turns-naadan-mechanic-in-lal-joses-next/articleshow/58986004.cms|archive-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] confirmed his presence in the film in May.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/220517/jude-anthany-joseph-in-velipadinte-pusthakam.html|title=Jude Anthany Joseph in Velipadinte Pusthakam|date=22 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821131852/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/220517/jude-anthany-joseph-in-velipadinte-pusthakam.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Siddique plays Tharakan, a character with villainous shades. He said his character "has an issue with the college authorities and the students. He is miffed at the owner, who has allotted the land to build the college."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/jun/11/siddiques-makeover-for-his-movies-1615532.html|title=Siddique's makeover for his movies|date=12 June 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821165947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/jun/11/siddiques-makeover-for-his-movies-1615532.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Sarath Kumar portrays a character named Franklin from a fisherman's family, who is a popular guy on campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/020817/he-loves-the-stage.html|title=He loves the stage|date=2 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821131401/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/020817/he-loves-the-stage.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Salim Kumar plays Premraj, a college professor who loses his position as Vice-principal. Jude plays a student called Vignjanakoshi. Sibish Sudhi plays the college peon. Other characters are played by Shivaji Guruvayoor, Vijay Babu, and Krishna Kumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/chitrabhumi/--1.2002062|title=കാമ്പസിന്റെ ഹരമായ ഇടിക്കുള|work=Mathrubhumi |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125849/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/chitrabhumi/--1.2002062|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] function on 17 May 2017 at [[St. Xavier's College, Thumba]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala.<ref name="shoot">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lal-jose-starts-off-his-mohanlal-movie-by-planting-trees/articleshow/58717090.cms|title=Lal Jose starts off his Mohanlal movie by planting trees|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 May 2017|first=Asha|last=Prakash|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822070458/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lal-jose-starts-off-his-mohanlal-movie-by-planting-trees/articleshow/58717090.cms|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ലിച്ചി ഇനി മേരി മിസ്സ്; വിഡിയോ|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|author=സ്വന്തം ലേഖകൻ|date=17 May 2017|language=ml|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/05/17/mohanlal-anna-reshma-rajan-lal-jose-movie-pooja-videos.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525033924/http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/05/17/mohanlal-anna-reshma-rajan-lal-jose-movie-pooja-videos.html|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> The crew planted saplings in the college premises before commencing filming.<ref name="shoot"/> Almost 40 days of filming were scheduled in the college. Mohanlal joined the sets on 25 May 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohanlal's next movie titled Vellipadinte Pusthakam|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 May 2017|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-next-movie-titled-vellipadinte-pusthakam/articleshow/58775033.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822070510/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-next-movie-titled-vellipadinte-pusthakam/articleshow/58775033.cms|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref> He spent 23 days of filming in this schedule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/05/27/velipadinte-pusthakam-mohanlal-movie-lal-jose.html|title=കോളജ് കുമാരനിൽ എത്തിയില്ല; തുടങ്ങി തുമ്പയിൽ ലാൽ മാജിക്|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821170026/http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/05/27/velipadinte-pusthakam-mohanlal-movie-lal-jose.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> The crew reached Muthalapozhi beach in Thiruvananthapuram on 2 June 2017 to film a beach volleyball scene that was interrupted by rain and was filmed later in the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/mohanlal-in-scenic-muthalapozhi-to-shoot-for-lal-jose-movie-velipadinte-pusthakam-1.1986717|title=Mohanlal in scenic Muthalapozhi to shoot for Lal Jose-movie|work=Mathrubhumi |date=3 June 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125702/http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/mohanlal-in-scenic-muthalapozhi-to-shoot-for-lal-jose-movie-velipadinte-pusthakam-1.1986717|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thiruvananthapuram/local-news/2017/06/05/perumathura-muthalappozy-issues-photo-enclosed..html|title=ടൂറിസം വികസന പദ്ധതി നടപ്പാക്കാനാവാത്തതു തീരത്ത് ആശങ്കയുണർത്തുന്നു|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125059/http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thiruvananthapuram/local-news/2017/06/05/perumathura-muthalappozy-issues-photo-enclosed..html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> The place where Micheal consults a lawyer was filmed in a house named Magistrate Bangalow in [[Menamkulam]]; the scene was filmed in less than a day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thiruvananthapuram/features/2017/07/01/trivandrum-mohanlal-new-film.html|title=പതിനൊന്നു വർഷത്തിനുശേഷം മേനംകുളത്ത് വീണ്ടും ലാൽ ആവേശം|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821124923/http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thiruvananthapuram/features/2017/07/01/trivandrum-mohanlal-new-film.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

Anoop joined the crew in early June 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/velipadinte-pusthakam-first-look-mohanlal-lal-jose-see-photo-4694739/|title=Velipadinte Pusthakam first look: Mohanlal starrer directed by Lal Jose looks like a feel good film. See photo|date=8 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821170649/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/velipadinte-pusthakam-first-look-mohanlal-lal-jose-see-photo-4694739/|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Mohanlal continued filming until 8 June.<ref name="keralakaumudi.com">{{cite web|url=http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAxNTg4NjI=&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxNy0wNi0wMyAxMDoxNjowMA==&xD=MQ==&cID=OQ==|title=മമ്മൂട്ടിയും മോഹൻലാലും കാമ്പസിൽ നിന്ന് അവധിയെടുക്കുന്നു|work=Keralakaumudi Daily |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822071018/http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAxNTg4NjI=&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxNy0wNi0wMyAxMDoxNjowMA==&xD=MQ==&cID=OQ==|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref> He took a break from the schedule to film ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]'' and rejoined the sets of ''Velipadinte Pusthakam'' on 18 June. Some of the scenes were filmed in [[Ponmudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=92490&fromNewsdog=1|title=Villain's climax in Wagamon|website=www.kaumudiglobal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831173246/http://www.kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=92490&fromNewsdog=1|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> Filming continued in Thiruvananthapuram region until late June 2017.<ref name="keralakaumudi.com"/> It took 42 days to complete the schedule.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/velipadinte-pusthakam-team-to-shoot-next-in-alappuzha/articleshow/59503860.cms|title=Velipadinte Pusthakam team to shoot next in Alappuzha – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822071204/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/velipadinte-pusthakam-team-to-shoot-next-in-alappuzha/articleshow/59503860.cms|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref>

The second schedule began in [[Alappuzha district]] on 9 July 2017, and was expected to last for two weeks.<ref name="indiatimes.com"/> Some [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]] scenes were shot at [[Cherthala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=92490&|title=Villain's climax in Wagamon|website=www.kaumudiglobal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215152645/http://www.kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=92490&|archive-date=15 December 2017}}</ref> Nimesh Thanoor was the [[art director]]. Some sets were constructed beside [[Kattoor, Alappuzha|Kattoor]] beach in Alappuzha district; including Vishwan's house—which was built in 15 days—a nearby temple, and a workshop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/alappuzha/malayalam-news/alappuzha-1.2052505|title=മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ ചിത്രത്തിന് കാട്ടൂര്‍ കടപ്പുറത്ത് സെറ്റ്; ഗ്രാമം ആവേശത്തില്‍|work=Mathrubhumi |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125819/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/alappuzha/malayalam-news/alappuzha-1.2052505|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Mohanlal filmed for 10 days in this schedule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAxNjUxMTU=&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxNy0wNy0wOCAwODozNTowMA==&xD=MQ==&cID=OQ==|title='വെളിപാടിന്റെ പുസ്തകം' ആലപ്പുഴയിലേക്ക്|work=Keralakaumudi Daily |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822071430/http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAxNjUxMTU=&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxNy0wNy0wOCAwODozNTowMA==&xD=MQ==&cID=OQ==|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref> The filming was completed on 22 July 2017; the final scenes were filmed at [[Arthunkal]] beach. Post-production began the following day, with the commencement of [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] in a studio in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mohanlal-velipadinte-pusthakam-lal-jose-professor-idikkula-malayalammovie-1.2109482|title=ഇടിക്കുളയോട് വിടപറഞ്ഞ് മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍, ഇനി ഓണത്തിന് കാണാം|date=23 July 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125319/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mohanlal-velipadinte-pusthakam-lal-jose-professor-idikkula-malayalammovie-1.2109482|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Velipadinte Pusthakam
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|8|16}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = {{ubl|Shaanz Eternal Ray|Noise Head Quarters|Freddy's Audio Video Garage}}
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = [[Satyam Audios]]
| producer = Shaan Rahman
| prev_title = Meda Meeda Abbayi
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = Goodalochana
| next_year = 2017
}}

[[Shaan Rahman]] composed the film's original soundtrack and score. The soundtrack album was released digitally by the label [[Satyam Audios]] on 16 August 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/velipadinte-pusthakam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/id1272091333|title=Velipadinte Pusthakam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Shaan Rahman on Apple Music|website=[[iTunes]]|date=27 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922172657/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/velipadinte-pusthakam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/id1272091333|archive-date=22 September 2017}}</ref> It consists of five songs, which were written by [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]], [[Rafeeq Ahamed]], [[Anil Panachooran]], [[Santhosh Varma]], and [[Manu Manjith]].<ref name="MTR">{{cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movies/mohanlal-reveals-title-of-new-film-with-lal-jose-on-57th-birthday-ashirvad-cinemas-1.1954172|title=Mohanlal reveals title of new film with Lal Jose on 57th birthday|newspaper=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=21 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611120856/http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movies/mohanlal-reveals-title-of-new-film-with-lal-jose-on-57th-birthday-ashirvad-cinemas-1.1954172|archive-date=11 June 2017}}</ref> The song "[[Entammede Jimikki Kammal]]" was first put out through YouTube on 6 August 2017, and the remaining songs were each released within two weeks.

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Velipadinte Pusthakam
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = [[Entammede Jimikki Kammal]]
| writer1 = [[Anil Panachooran]]
| extra1 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], Renjith Unni
| length1 = 03:21
| title2 = Karayum Kadalum
| writer2 = [[Santhosh Varma]]
| extra2 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
| length2 = 04:19
| title3 = Manpaathakale
| writer3 = [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
| extra3 = Shaan Rahman
| length3 = 05:12
| title4 = Mele Arimulla
| writer4 = [[Manu Manjith]]
| extra4 = [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
| length4 = 03:52
| title5 = Neeyum
| writer5 = [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]
| extra5 = Madhu Balakrishnan, Vrinda Shameek
| length5 = 04:28
}}

== Release ==
''Velipadinte Pusthakam'' was released in India on 31 August 2017 in over 400 screens, including 210 screens in Kerala alone.<ref>{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title=Mohanlal's Velipadinte Pusthakam review: Live audience updates|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/mohanlals-velipadinte-pusthakam-review-live-audience-updates-740371|access-date=31 August 2017|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=31 August 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831131800/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/mohanlals-velipadinte-pusthakam-review-live-audience-updates-740371|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> The film earned {{INR}}3.72 [[crore]] in the opening day at the Kerala box office.<ref>{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title=Vijay's Mersal fails to beat Baahubali 2 record; emerges as second top grosser at Kerala box office|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijays-mersal-fails-beat-baahubali-2-record-emerges-second-top-grosser-kerala-box-office-746376|access-date=3 November 2017|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=21 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022225/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijays-mersal-fails-beat-baahubali-2-record-emerges-second-top-grosser-kerala-box-office-746376|archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> It grossed {{INR}}15–20 crore from worldwide Box office.<ref>{{cite web|author=Forbes India|title=Mohanlal: Strong and steady|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/2017-celebrity-100/mohanlal-strong-and-steady/49033/1|work=[[Forbes India]]|access-date=28 August 2019|date=1 January 2018|archive-date=11 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911122850/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/2017-celebrity-100/mohanlal-strong-and-steady/49033/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Nivedita|title=From Baahubali's Prabhas to Mersal's Vijay, these south stars were the newsmakers in 2017|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/from-baahubali-s-prabhas-to-mersal-s-vijay-these-south-stars-were-the-newsmakers-in-2017/story-0YgCfdolIM7LoTzfvlXSJL.html|access-date=28 August 2019|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=28 December 2017|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828073547/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/from-baahubali-s-prabhas-to-mersal-s-vijay-these-south-stars-were-the-newsmakers-in-2017/story-0YgCfdolIM7LoTzfvlXSJL.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{facebook|VelipadintePusthakam}}
* {{IMDb title|tt6789174}}
* [https://ovmp3.com/pagalworld/jimikki-kammal-song-download.html Jimikki Kammal Tamil Song]
{{Aashirvad Cinemas}}
{{Lal Jose}}

[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]
[[Category:2017 action films]]
[[Category:2017 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lal Jose]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Aashirvad Cinemas films]]
[[Category:Maxlab Cinemas and Entertainments films]]

Lakadong turmeric

2026-04-16T15:07:44Z

Geri3389994518: new basic stub v1

{{Short description|Type of Turmeric variety from Meghalaya, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Lakadong turmeric
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names =
| description =Lakadong turmeric is a Turmeric variety cultivated in [[Meghalaya]]
| type =[[Turmeric]]
| area = Lakadong village and it's neighbouring villages
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 30 March 2024
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/741|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Lakadong turmeric''' is a variety of turmeric mainly grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Meghalaya]]. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in the Lakadong area of the [[Jaintia Hills District|Jaintia Hills districts]]. Approximately 14,000 farmers from 43 villages in the Lakadong area cultivate this variety of turmeric on 1,753 hectares of land.<ref name=":toi" />

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "Lakadong Turmeric".

==Name==
The name "Lakadong" refers to the village of cultivation, where it is the major produce. "Shynrai Lakadong" in [[Khasi language|Khasi]] language and "Chyrmit Lakadong" in [[Pnar language|Pnar]] language are the local names for Lakadong turmeric.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Ayesha Ashraf |last2=Borthakur |first2=Sochindra Kumar |title=Ethnobotanical Wisdom of Khasis (Hynñiew Treps) of Meghalaya |date=2005 |publisher=Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh |isbn=978-81-211-0434-0 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ethnobotanical_Wisdom_of_Khasis_Hyn%C3%B1iew/b8GAAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Shynrai+Lakadong&dq=Shynrai+Lakadong&printsec=frontcover |access-date=1 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
[[Trinity Saioo]], a Lakadong agriculturist and former school teacher, received the prestigious [[Padma Shri]] award from the [[Government of India]] in 2021 for promoting the cultivation of Lakadong turmeric among farmers in the state.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mancombu |first1=Subramani Ra |title=‘Turmeric Trinity’ to promote unique Meghalaya ‘Makhir’ ginger |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/turmeric-trinity-to-promote-unique-meghalaya-makhir-ginger/article67405191.ece |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=BusinessLine |date=11 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rooting for a yellow revolution |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/rooting-for-a-yellow-revolution-746644.html |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meghalaya Woman Who Led Turmeric Farming Movement Receives Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/trinity-saioo-meghalaya-woman-who-led-turmeric-farming-movement-receives-padma-shri-2176657 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meghalaya's Lakadong turmeric gets Geographical Indication tag |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/meghalaya/meghalayas-lakadong-turmeric-gets-geographical-indication-tag-2797687 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Lakadong turmeric is considered one of the world's best varieties with a high curcumin content of 6.8-7.5% and a darker color. It is grown organically without fertilizers.<ref name=":toi">{{cite news |title=Meghalaya’s Lakadong turmeric, Garo ‘dakmanda’, Larnai pottery get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shillong/meghalayas-lakadong-turmeric-garo-dakmanda-larnai-pottery-get-gi-tag/articleshow/105769628.cms |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=6 December 2023}}</ref>

==Photo Gallery==
Actual photos from Trinity Saioo - the original applicant for the GI Tag registration.
<gallery>
File:Inspection for organic certification for Lakadong Turmeric In presence of Trinity Saioo.jpg|Inspection for organic certification for Lakadong Turmeric In presence of Trinity Saioo
File:Lakadong Turmeric Weeding (another photo).jpg|Lakadong Turmeric Weeding (another photo)
File:Lakadong Turmeric Weeding time.jpg|Lakadong Turmeric Weeding time
File:Lakadong Turmeric slicing activity.jpg|Lakadong Turmeric slicing activity
File:Lakadong Turmeric Fingers ready for slicing.jpg|Lakadong Turmeric Fingers ready for slicing
File:Lakadong Turmeric Dry chip slices.jpg|Lakadong Turmeric Dry chip slices
File:Lakadong Turmeric Powder final product.jpg|Lakadong Turmeric Powder final product
</gallery>

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the Union Government of India, on 30 March 2024 valid upto 14 February 2031.

Lakadong Turmeric Cooperative Union Limited from [[Jowai]], proposed the GI registration of Lakadong turmeric. After filing the application in February 2021, the turmeric was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Lakadong turmeric" exclusive to the turmeric grown in the region. It thus became the first turmeric variety from Meghalaya and the 3rd type of goods from Meghalaya to earn the GI tag.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Meghalaya's Lakadong Turmeric Awarded GI Tag |url=https://news.abplive.com/lifestyle/meghalaya-lakadong-turmeric-awarded-geographical-indication-gi-tag-1647963 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=news.abplive.com |date=5 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=‘Dummy’ varieties threaten Meghalaya’s Lakadong turmeric |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dummy-varieties-threaten-meghalayas-lakadong-turmeric/article67871294.ece |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=21 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The prestigious GI tag, awarded by the GI registry, certifies that a product possesses distinct qualities, adheres to traditional production methods, and has earned a reputation rooted in its geographical origin.

==See also==
* [[Erode Turmeric]]
* [[Sangli turmeric]]
* [[Vasmat Haldi]]
* [[Waigaon turmeric]]
* [[Kandhamal Haladi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Turmeric varieties of India]]
[[Category:Turmeric production in India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Meghalaya]]

Chaudhary Badan Singh

2026-04-14T13:55:20Z

Geri3389994518: started a biography initial version.

{{Short description|Indian politician and author (1925–2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| name = Chaudhary Badan Singh
| constituency = [[Fatehpur Sikri Assembly constituency|Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh]]
| birth_date = 15 January 1925
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor =
| alma_mater =
| image = Badan singh (cropped).jpg
| education =
| birth_place = Rithora, [[Kiraoli]], [[Agra district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term = 1977–1991, 1993–1995
| death_date = 1 December 2022 (aged 97)
| other_party = [[Janata Party]], [[Lokdal]], [[Janata Dal]], [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| profession = Politician and author
| children = 6
}}

'''Chaudhary Badan Singh''' (15 January 1925 – 1 December 2022) was an Indian politician, [[List of Indian independence activists|independence activist]], social activist and writer who served as a Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the [[Fatehpur Sikri Assembly constituency|Fatehpur Sikri]] for five consecutive terms. Singh was known for his contributions to the [[Indian independence movement]] and his long political career spanning several decades. He was a disciple of [[Charan Singh]], former prime minister of India and also known for his contribution to the [[Braj literature]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=1 December 2022 |title=5-time MLA passes away at the age of 97 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/5time-mla-passes-away-at-the-age-of-97-101669911183946.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307035127/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/5time-mla-passes-away-at-the-age-of-97-101669911183946.html |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2022 |title=पूर्व विधायक बदन सिंह का निधन: 97 साल के थे, फतेहपुर सीकरी से 5 बार जीते थे चुनाव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/agra/news/took-last-breath-at-the-age-of-97-had-defeated-corona-infection-twice-130629557.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140730/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/agra/news/took-last-breath-at-the-age-of-97-had-defeated-corona-infection-twice-130629557.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>[[File:Ch. Badan Singh and Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Fatehpursikri, 1977.jpg|thumb|Ch. Badan Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and James Callaghan in Fatehpursikri, 1977]]
== Early life ==
Singh was born on 15 January 1925 in [[Rithora]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (United Provinces of Agra and Oudh)]]. Singh pursued a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and a Licentiate in Teaching (LT). He worked as a teacher for 33 years at Chaharvati Inter College. His son, Dr. S.P. Singh, established Chaudhary Charan Singh Hospital in Fatehpur Sikri, contributing to healthcare services in the region.

== Recognition ==
Singh was widely regarded as the “Bhishma Pitamah” of Agra’s politics due to his long lasting impact. Singh was recognised for his contributions to the [[Braj literature]], receiving the Braj Award in 2021 from Governor [[Anandiben Patel]]. He authored three books on Braj culture, highlighting his dedication to its preservation and promotion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=फतेहपुर सीकरी विधानसभा क्षेत्र से पांच बार विधायक रहे चौधरी बदन सिंह का निधन |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/agra/chaudhary-badan-singh-who-was-a-five-time-mla-from-fatehpur-sikri-assembly-constituency-passed-away/articleshow/95920236.cms |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Positions held ==

* 7th Vidhan Sabha (1977-1980): Elected as a member of the [[Janata Party]] in the post-[[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] elections.

* 8th Vidhan Sabha (1980-1985): Elected as a member of the [[Janata Party]].

* 9th Vidhan Sabha (1985-1989): Elected as a member of the [[Lokdal|Lok Dal]].

* 10th Vidhan Sabha (1989-1991): Elected as a member of the [[Janata Dal]].

* 12th Vidhan Sabha (1993-1996): Elected as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== Death ==
Singh died on 1 December 2022 in [[Agra|Agra, Uttar Pradesh]]. He was cremated with state honours in his paternal village Rithora and received a ceremonial guard of honor.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Chaudhary Badan}}
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1993–1996]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Agra district]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]

Aparajita Ghosh Das

2026-04-11T05:21:08Z

Geri3389994518:

{{short description|Bengali film and television actress (born 1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aparajita Ghosh Das
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| spouse =
| other_names =
| known_for = ''[[Ekhane Aakash Neel (2008 TV series)|Ekhane Aakash Neel]]'' ''[[Kojagori]]'' ''[[Kusum Dola]]''
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Aparajita Ghosh Das''' (born 21 March 1978) is an Indian actress who works in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language films and television series.<ref name="Aparajita Ghosh Das, Actress">{{cite web |title=Aparajita Ghosh Das, Actress |url=http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/128866/Aparajita-Ghosh-Das,-Actress |publisher=bhalobasa.in (website) |accessdate=11 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716044357/http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/128866/Aparajita-Ghosh-Das%2C-Actress |archivedate=16 July 2012 }}</ref> She made her film debut in [[Anjan Das]]'s film ''[[Iti Srikanta]]'' (2004).<ref name="New stars in the sky">{{cite news |title=New stars in the sky |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050112/asp/calcutta/story_4244375.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203212249/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050112/asp/calcutta/story_4244375.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |accessdate=11 August 2012 |newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta |date=12 January 2005 |location=Calcutta, India |first=Reshmi |last=Sengupta}}</ref> She appeared in [[Anjan Dutt]]'s film ''[[Chalo Let's Go]]'' (2008).<ref name="Travelling Wilburys">{{cite news |title=Travelling Wilburys |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080703/jsp/entertainment/story_9495355.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203121455/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080703/jsp/entertainment/story_9495355.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |accessdate=11 August 2012 |newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta |date=3 July 2008 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>

==Early life==
She studied at the reputed school [[Patha Bhavan, Kolkata|Patha Bhavan]] in [[Kolkata]]. She completed her post-graduation from [[Rabindra Bharati University]].<ref name=Bio>[http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/128866/Aparajita-Ghosh-Das,-Actress Bio] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716044357/http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/128866/Aparajita-Ghosh-Das%2C-Actress |date=16 July 2012 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''Rajlokkhi o Shrikanto'' (2019)
* ''[[Posto (film)|Posto]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Bhengchi]]'' (2015) - as Malabika Sengupta (a.k.a. Molly)
* ''[[Ek Phaali Rodh]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Bakita Byaktigoto]]'' (2013) - as Shampa
* ''[[Takhan Teish]]'' (2011)
* ''Haate Roilo Pistol'' (2011)
* ''Ektu Antorikotar Jonno'' (2010)
* ''Chowrasta - Crossroads of Love'' (2009)
* ''[[10:10 (film)|10:10]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Chalo Let's Go]]'' (2008)
* ''Raat Barota Panch'' (2005) - as Tina
* ''[[Iti Srikanta]]'' (2004)

== Television & Web ==
* ''[[Ekdin Pratidin]]'' (2005–07) as Mohor
* ''Bijoyini'' (2007) - as Bhromor
* ''[[Ekhane Aakash Neel]]'' (2008–10) - as Hiya Chatterjee (née O'Brien)
* ''[[Checkmate (Indian TV series)|Checkmate]]'' (2012) - as Detective Mrinalini Dostidar
* ''[[Kojagori]]'' (2015–16) - as Kojagori Mallick (a.k.a. Phuljhuri'')''
* ''[[Kusum Dola]]'' (2016–18) - as Roopkatha Majumdar (a.k.a. Doll'')''
* ''[[Ulot Puran]]'' (2022) - as Pompi
* ''[[Ekka Dokka]]'' (2022–23) - as Ankita Majumdar
* ''[[Homestay Murders]]'' (2023) - as Mita
* ''[[Chirosokha]]'' (2025–2026) - as Kamalini (a.k.a. Bouthan)

== Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Character !! Film/TV show
|-
| 2011
| Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2011
| Priyo Juti
| Hiya-Ujaan
| ''[[Ekhane Aakash Neel]]''
|-
| 2016
|Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2016
| Priyo Bouma
| Phuljhuri
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Kojagori]]''
|-
| 2016
|West Bengal Telly Academy Award
| Priyo Juti
| Phuljhuri-Saheb
|-
| 2018
| Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2018
| Domdaar Sodosyo (Female)
| Roopkatha
| ''[[Kusum Dola]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2025
|West Bengal Telly Academy Award
| Priyo Juti
| rowspan="2" | Komolini-Swatantra
| rowspan="6" | ''Chirosokha''
|-
| rowspan="2"|TV 9 Bangla Ghorer Bioscope Award
| Best Pair TV Serial (Jury)
|-
| Best Actress in Leading Role TV Serial (Jury)
| rowspan="3" | Komolini
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026
| rowspan="3" |Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2026
| Priyo Maa
|-
| Star Bouma
|-
| Priyo Misti Somporko
| Komolii-Kurchi
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|3370537}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh Das, Aparajita}}
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:Rabindra Bharati University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1978 births]]

{{India-film-actor-1970s-stub}}

Alfred Alfonso

2026-04-10T11:28:16Z

Geri3389994518: adding entry

{{Short description|Indian independence activist (1924–1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alfred Alfonso
| image = Portrait of Alfred Alfonso.jpeg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|3|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Galjibaga, [[Canacona taluka]], [[Portuguese Goa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|9|10|1924|3|11|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| occupation =
| education = [[Senior Cambridge]]
| movement = [[Goa liberation movement]]
| notable_works =
| awards =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
}}
'''Alfred Afonso''' (11 March 1924 – 10 September 1986) was an Indian independence activist and trade union leader from [[Goa]]. He is best known for leading a group of [[Satyagraha|Satyagrahis]] to capture the [[Terekhol Fort]] during the [[Goa liberation movement]] in 1954.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86">{{Cite book |last=Shirodkar |first=Pandurang Purushottam |author-link=Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISScyAEACAAJ |title=Who's Who of Freedom Fighters, Goa, Daman, and Diu |date=1986 |publisher=Goa Gazetteer Department, Government of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu |volume=1 |pages=3–4}}</ref><ref name="Vishwakosh1999">{{cite wikisource |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol1.pdf/175 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=175 |volume=1 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Afonso was born on 11 March 1924, at Galjibaga in the [[Canacona taluka]] of [[Portuguese Goa]] to Anthony Francisco Afonso. He completed his education up to the [[Senior Cambridge]] level.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

==Goa liberation movement==
Beginning in 1946, Afonso was active in the [[Bombay]] Goan community, where he conducted political propaganda to raise awareness about the liberation of Goa. In 1951, an arrest warrant was issued against him. In 1952, he was chosen as the president of the Bombay branch of the National Congress (Goa) (NCG) and later became a member of its Executive Committee.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

In 1954, Afonso resigned from the Bombay Telephones to dedicate himself fully to the independence movement.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

On 15 August 1954, he led a group of 14 satyagrahis from Siroda to the [[Terekhol Fort]]. The group successfully captured the fort, hoisted the [[Indian tricolour]], and controlled the fort for one day.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Faleiro |first=Valmiki |author-link=Valmiki Faleiro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYLyEAAAQBAJ |title=Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration |date=2023-07-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-175-7 |page=69 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> Following this action, he and the other activists were arrested. During his transfer to police custody in [[Panaji]], he was physically assaulted before and during his detention. He was then tried by the Portuguese Territorial Military Tribunal (TMT). On 31 March 1955, he was sentenced to eight years of rigorous imprisonment followed by three years of simple imprisonment. He was held at the [[Aguada Fort]] and was eventually released on 17 May 1959.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

==Later career==
Afonso later became a union leader. He was a key organizer of the National Trade Union Congress in Goa and served as the General Secretary of the National Mine Workers' Union. Professionally, he worked as a manager for a mining firm.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

==Accolades==
On 18 June 1981, the Government of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] honoured him for his contributions to the liberation movement.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

In 2024, it was announced that a statue of Alfonso would be placed at Terekhol in his honour. This was after some protests regarding the removal of a plaque stating his contribution to the freedom struggle. A book documenting his trial by the Portuguese was also released by the Goa government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom fighter Alfred Afonso to be honoured with statue at Terekhol |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/freedom-fighter-alfred-afonso-to-be-honoured-with-statue-at-terekhol/119928.html |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Death==
Alfonso died on 10 September 1986.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfonso, Alfred}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:Indian trade union leaders]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]

Labh Singh Ugoke

2026-04-06T04:37:45Z

Geri3389994518: new first biography initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Labh Singh Ugoke
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = '''Member of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]'''
| term_start = 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Pirmal Singh Dhaula]] (AAP)
| successor =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| constituency = [[Bhadaur Assembly constituency|Bhadaur]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Labh Singh Ugoke''' is an Indian politician and the MLA in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Bhadaur Assembly constituency]] in [[Punjab, India]], since 2022. Prior to entering politics, he owned a mobile repair shop in his village. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="ECI">{{cite news |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS19102.htm?ac=102 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Bhadaur Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly.

;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes|Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes]]<ref name="Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=29&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Petitions|Committee on Petitions]]<ref name="Committee on Petitions">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=33&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Controversy==
In January 2023, a video circulated in which Ugoke is seen telling a man (who was opposing the conversion of a Primary Health Centre (PHC) into an Aam Aadmi Clinic) that if a non-AAP government were in power, the man would have been 'thrashed' and 'thrown in jail.'<ref>{{cite news |title='Would've slapped you, thrown you in jail': MLA in video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/wouldve-slapped-you-thrown-you-in-jail-mla-in-video/articleshow/97388330.cms |access-date=11 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=28 January 2023}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
In [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] Ugoke defeated the incumbent Chief minister of Punjab, [[Charanjit Singh Channi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-11 |title=Punjab polls: Charanjit Singh Channi, who lost from both seats, resigns as CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-polls-charanjit-singh-channi-who-lost-from-both-seats-resigns-as-cm-101646986328906.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=न्यूज |first1=जैनेंद्र, एबीपी |title=पंजाब सीएम को हराने वाले डॉ. चरणजीत सिंह बोले- आंखों के रास्ते लोगों के दिलों में बनाई जगह |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/punjab-election-result-aap-candidate-dr-charanjit-singh-journey-who-wins-in-chamkaur-sahib-defeated-cm-charanjit-singh-channi-ann-2079401 |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=www.abplive.com |date=11 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

{{transcluded section|source=Bhadaur Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Bhadaur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==Personal life==
His mother Baldev Kaur worked as a sweeper in a government run school.<ref name="Mother Of AAP MLA Who Defeated Punjab Chief Minister Still Works As Sweeper">{{cite news |last1= |title=Mother Of AAP MLA Who Defeated Punjab Chief Minister Still Works As Sweeper |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mother-of-aap-mla-labh-singh-ugoke-who-defeated-charanjit-singh-channi-still-works-as-sweeper-in-government-school-2819918 |access-date=13 March 2022 |work= |date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313173801/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mother-of-aap-mla-labh-singh-ugoke-who-defeated-charanjit-singh-channi-still-works-as-sweeper-in-government-school-2819918 |archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state = Punjab
| constituency = Bhadaur
| before = [[Pirmal Singh Dhaula]] (AAP)
| after =
| years = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ugoke, Labh Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-AAP-politician-stub}}

Kaathiruppor Pattiyal

2026-03-28T15:05:23Z

Geri3389994518: general refined references for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{short description|2018 Indian Tamil-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaathiruppor Pattiyal
| image = Kaathiruppor Pattiyal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = Balaiya D. Rajasekhar
| producer = Baija Tom
| writer = Balaiya D. Rajasekhar
| starring = [[Sachin Mani]] [[Nandita Swetha]] [[Aruldoss]]
| music = [[Sean Roldan]]
| cinematography = M. Sukumar
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| studio = Lady Dream Cinemas
| distributor = Lotus Five Star
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|5|4}}
| runtime = 113 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kaathiruppor Pattiyal''''' also known as '''''Kathiruppor Pattiyal''''' ({{translation|Waiting list}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[Romantic film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by Balaiya D. Rajasekhar on his directorial debut and produced by Baija Tom under the production company Lady Dream Cinemas and distributed by Lotus Five Star while co-produced by K.V Jayaram.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kathiruppor Pattiyal {{!}} Kathiruppor Pattiyal Cast and Crew, Release Date and more |url=https://pycker.com/movies/kathiruppor-pattiyal |access-date=2018-08-07 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BookMyShow |title=Kaathirupor Pattiyal Movie (2018) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Gorantla - BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/gorantla/movies/kaathirupor-pattiyal/ET00071653 |access-date=2018-08-07 |website=BookMyShow |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Sachin Mani]] in the male lead role and [[Nandita Swetha]] in the female lead role while [[Aruldoss]], [[Manobala]], [[Sendrayan]], [[Mayilsamy]], [[Arunraja Kamaraj]], and [[Appukutty]] play pivotal and supportive roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=cinema.com.my: Kathiruppor Pattiyal |url=http://www.cinema.com.my/movies/details.aspx?search=2018.13465.kathirupporpattiyal.26910 |access-date=2018-08-07}}</ref> [[Sean Roldan]] scored background music for the film. The movie was released on 4 May 2018 and received average reviews from critics upon the release.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kathiruppor Pattiyal Review {2.5/5}: Decent attempt with few logical loopholes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kathiruppor-pattiyal/movie-review/64021616.cms |access-date=2018-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Friday Fury – May 4 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-4-news-tamil-sfej5Kddhiejh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504172330/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-4-news-tamil-sfej5Kddhiejh.html |archive-date=4 May 2018 |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=Sify |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
An RPF railway officer named Williams ([[Aruldoss]]) is miffed and frustrated, regarding the fact that the public did not respect the RPF cops. He decides to bring in strict rules and asks his subordinates not to show mercy towards defaulters who make offences and for those who mess up with the railway rules. With the help of his team, he nabs many passengers who violate rules in different ways, which include peeing on railway tracks and travelling on trains without tickets. On the other hand, Sathya (Sachin Mani) is a jobless man who falls in love with a girl named Megala ([[Nandita Swetha]]), who is from a rich family and holds a job for herself. Megala also falls in love with him, which was not tolerated by her father ([[Chitra Lakshmanan]]) and suddenly arranges for a marriage to his daughter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=காசிவிஸ்வநாதன் |first=முரளீதரன் |date=2018-05-05 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: காத்திருப்போர் பட்டியல் |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/arts-and-culture-44013990 |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=BBC News தமிழ் |language=en-GB}}</ref> When Sathya gets to know about this, he urgently prepares himself to travel by train from Tambaram to Puducherry in order to convince Megala from the arranged marriage and to marry her, but his dreams were spoiled by Williams, as he was arrested by cops on his way for committing an offence and was taken into custody at the Tambaram railway station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=காத்திருப்போர் பட்டியல் - விமர்சனம் {1.5/5} : வெயிட்டிங் லிஸ்ட்...! - Kathiruppor pattiyal |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/2600/Kathiruppor-pattiyal/ |access-date=2018-08-07 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=en}}</ref> Soon after, he meets prisoners Baskar ([[Sendrayan]]), Kunjitha Badham ([[Manobala]]), Kutti Puli ([[Arunraja Kamaraj]]), Sathish ([[Appukutty]]), and Kodeeswaran ([[Mayilsamy]]) and narrates his love story to them. After being impressed by the story, the prisoners hatch a plan to help Sathya to escape from police custody.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Team |first=Vikatan Review |date=2018-05-07 |title=இந்த ஒன் லைனரை வெச்சு சீட் நுனி த்ரில்லர் கொடுத்திருக்கலாம் இயக்குநரே..! - ‘காத்திருப்போர் பட்டியல்’ விமர்சனம் {{!}} Kathiruppor Pattiyal movie review |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/movie-review/124382-kathiruppor-pattiyal-movie-review.html |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=www.vikatan.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sachin Mani]] as Sathya, jobless lover of Megala
* [[Nandita Swetha]] as Megala, lover of Sathya from a rich family
* [[Aruldoss]] as Williams, an arrogant RPF inspector
* [[Manobala]] as Kunjitha Badham, a sex doctor
* [[Arunraja Kamaraj]] as Kutti Puli, an ardent fan of [[M. Sasikumar]] after watching one of his films, ''[[Kutti Puli]]''
* [[Appukutty]] as Sathish, one of the prisoners whom Sathya befriends
* [[Sendrayan]] as Baskar, a wannabe filmmaker
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Kodeeswaran, a street beggar
* [[Chitra Lakshmanan]] as Megala's father
* [[Rajendran]] as Megala's father's assistant
* [[Muthukaalai]]
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]]
* [[Supergood Subramani]]
}}

== Production ==
The filmmaker Balaiya D. Rajasekhar made his directorial debut through this venture and started its shooting process in 2017 and finished within a couple of months as a less budgeted film and was slated to an initial release on 2 March 2018 before its original release on 4 May 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-11-15 |title=I have a meaty role in my next: Nandita Swetha |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/151117/i-have-a-meaty-role-in-my-next-nandita-swetha.html |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> The production team decided the film to be a simple and interesting premise set against an intriguing backdrop and the film was filmed and shot in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newstoday |title=Review: Kathiruppor Pattiyal-Love is in the air - News Today |url=https://www.newstodaynet.com/entertainment/review-kathiruppor-pattiyal-love-is-in-the-air-94042.html |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=News Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

The production team roped in [[Sachin Mani]] to play male lead role alongside Nandita Swetha in the female lead role.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-04 |title=காத்திருப்போர் பட்டியல் -Samayam Tamil |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-review/kathirupor-pattiyal-tamil-movie-review/moviereview/64031059.cms |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=Tamil Samayam |language=ta}}</ref> Aruldoss was chosen to play a serious role of a railway inspector in the most parts of the film despite being treated as a comedy drama film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title='Kathiruppor Pattiyal' movie review: A comedy that works in parts |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/may/05/kathiruppor-pattiyal-movie-review-a-comedy-that-works-in-parts-1810294.html |access-date=2018-08-07 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

The team also hired well known editor [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]] for editing and roped in M. Sukumar as the cinematographer. The [[Art director|art direction]] was handled by Lalgudi N. Ilayaraja who previously worked as an art director for the [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] starrer ''[[Kaththi]]''.<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
The background music of the film is composed by Sean Roldan. The album was released on 13 November 2017 featuring four songs.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kathiruppor Pattiyal (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1ATilSNDGCW8OHGE9EcbGx |access-date=2018-08-07 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Kaathiruppor Pattiyal (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sean Roldan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 13 November 2017
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:01
| label = [[TrendMusic]]
| producer = [[Sean Roldan]]
| prev_title = [[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Mehandi Circus]]
| next_year = 2019
}}

{{Tracklist
|headline=Soundtrack
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|total_length= 13:01

|title1=Kathirukkum Koottathukku
|lyrics1=GKB
|extra1=Hariharasudhan
|length1=3:40
|title2=Azhagile Enai
|lyrics2=[[Yugabharathi]]
|extra2=[[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]|
length2=3:09
|title3=Thee Thee Theeyena
|lyrics3=GKB
|extra3=Adhithya Rao, [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]
|length3=3:28
|title4=Call Mela Call Pootu
|lyrics4=[[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
|extra4=Sean Roldan
|length4=2:44}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt8176308}}

[[Category:2018 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2018 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sean Roldan]]
[[Category:2018 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy-drama films]]

Vivekananda Degree College, Kukatpally

2026-03-28T12:36:06Z

Geri3389994518: updated information additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup rewrite|date=May 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Vivekananda Degree College, Kukatpally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_size = 150px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| motto =
| motto_lang = Sanskrit
| mottoeng =
| type =
| established = {{start date|df=yes|2005}}
| closed = 
| founder =
| parent =
| affiliation =
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation = [[Osmania University]]
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| rector =
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| address = Bus Stop, 6-11-1/C Mumbai Hwy Lane Opposite BJP Office & Kukatpally
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| province =
| country = India
| postcode = 500072
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4826438|N|78.4128757|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| campus = Urban
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors = 
| athletics =
| sports =
| athletics_nickname = 
| mascot = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| website =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vivekananda Degree College, Kukatpally''' is an education institution in [[Kukatpally]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India named after [[Swami Vivekananda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-02-18 |title=Hyderabad: DEET to conduct second Job Fair at Kukatpally |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-deet-to-conduct-second-job-fair-at-kukatpally |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TS CPGET MSc Computer Science College Wise Fees Structure 2024 (Available) |url=https://news.getmyuni.com/ts-cpget-msc-computer-science-college-wise-fees-structure-2024-available |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=Getmyuni |language=en}}</ref>

== Origin ==
The college was established in 2005.

The college is named after an ascetic, [[Swami Vivekananda]].

== Campus ==

The school is located beside the lake at kukatpally and backside building of Pragathi women's degree college.

=== Courses ===

* B.Sc. ([[physical sciences]])
** [[Mathematics]], [[physics]] and [[chemistry]]
** Mathematics, chemistry and [[computer science]]
** Mathematics, physics and computer science
** Mathematics, [[statistics]] and computer science
* B.Sc. (life sciences)
** [[Bio-technology]], microbiology, chemistry
** Bio-technology, bio-chemistry, chemistry
* [[Commerce]]
** [[B. Com]]: general
** B. Com: computers
** B. Com: [[computer applications]]

=== Laboratories ===
* Computer labs
* Physics lab
* BOM lab
* Chemistry Lab
* Bio-Tech Lab
* Life sciences Labs
* Micro-Biology Lab
* Commerce Lab
* [[English language|English]] lab

== See also ==
* [[Vivekananda Degree College, Puttur]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Literacy in India]]
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Telangana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Portal bar|Hyderabad|Education}}

{{Swami Vivekananda}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2005]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{Telangana-university-stub}}

Meitei language in Tripura

2026-03-26T08:04:56Z

Geri3389994518: new a info - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Meitei language in Tripura ({{small|{{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯥꯗ ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ}}/{{Script|Beng|ত্রিপুরাদা মৈতৈলোন}}|}}}})
| altname = Manipuri language in Tripura ({{small|{{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯥꯗ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ}}/{{Script|Beng|ত্রিপুরাদা মণিপুরী লোন}}|}}}})
| nativename =
| acceptance =
| image = Meitei language.svg
| imagesize = 
| imagealt =
| imagecaption = [[Meitei language]], written in [[Meitei script]] and [[Bengali script]]
| pronunciation =
| states = 
| region = [[Tripura]]
| creator =
| created =
| setting =
| ethnicity = [[Meitei people]]
| extinct =
| era =
| speakers = 30,000
| date = 2023
| dateprefix =
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuris residing in Tripura demand action to stop violence in Home State {{!}} thetripurapost|url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/manipuris-residing-in-tripura-demand-action-to-stop-violence-in-home-state-8050.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=Manipuris residing in Tripura demand action to stop violence in Home State {{!}} thetripurapost|language=English}}</ref> 
| refname =
| speakers2 =
| revived =
| revived-category = 
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| family = [[Sino-Tibetan]]
| fam1 =
| fam2 =
| fam3 = 
| protoname =
| ancestor =
| ancestor2 = 
| standards =
| stand1 =
| stand2 = 
| dialects =
| listclass =
| dia1 =
| dia2 = 
| script = [[Meitei script]] and [[Bengali script]]
| sign =
| posteriori =
| nation =
| minority = [[Tripura]]
| agency =
| development_body =
* [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, Tripura]]
* [[Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum|Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum, Tripura]]
| iso1 =
| iso1comment =
| iso2 = mni
| iso2b =
| iso2t =
| iso2comment =
| iso3 = mni
| iso3comment =
| lc1 =
| ld1 =
| lc2 = 
| ld2 = 
| iso6 =
| isoexception =
| linglist =
| lingname =
| linglist2 = 
| lingname2 = 
| glotto = mani1292
| glottoname =
| glotto2 = 
| glottoname2 = 
| aiatsis =
| aiatsisname =
| aiatsis2 = 
| aiatsisname2 = 
| guthrie =
| ELP =
| ELPname =
| ELP2 = 
| ELPname2 = 
| glottopedia =
| lingua =
| lingua_ref =
| ietf =
| map = Meitei language distribution.png
| mapsize =
| mapalt =
| mapcaption =
| map2 = Meitei language distribution.svg
| mapalt2 =
| mapcaption2 =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_image =
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| module =
| notice = IPA
}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
The [[Meitei language]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ}}/{{Script|Beng|মৈতৈ লোন}}|Meitei Lon}}), also known as the [[Manipuri language]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ}}/{{Script|Beng|মণিপুরী লোন}}|Manipuri Lon}}),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuri language {{!}} Manipuri language {{!}} Meitei, India, Tibeto-Burman {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language|access-date=2024-05-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> is one of the seven officially declared minority languages, recognised by the [[Tripura|Government of Tripura]]. Its promotion and development are done by the Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages, established in August 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aboutus {{!}} Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages|url=https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/about-us|access-date=2024-05-29|website=kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in}}</ref>

In Meitei language, [[Tripura]] is known as "Takhel" ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯈꯦꯜ}}|}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |others=[[University of Chicago]] |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=Tripura&matchtype=default |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |page=74 |language=mni, en |quote=takhel ꯇꯈꯦꯜ /tə.kʰel/ n. a former name of present Tripura (a northeast state of India), as known to the Manipuris.}}</ref>

In [[Agartala]], the capital city of Tripura, Meitei language is the fourth most widely spoken language, after [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kokborok]] and [[Hindi]], according to 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

== Endangerment ==
There is a rapid decline in the number of native speakers of Meitei language in Tripura. It is mainly because they turn to Bengali language as a means of communication, in an increasing number.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Press|first=Imphal Free|date=2012-02-21|title=Experts mull over ways to preserve and protect local languages – KanglaOnline|url=https://kanglaonline.in/2012/02/experts-mull-over-ways-to-preserve-and-protect-local-languages/|access-date=2024-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

In April 2023, on its 59th annual conference, the "Manipuri Literature and Culture Council, Tripura" (MLCT) declared that the future of [[Meitei language]] and [[Meitei culture|culture]] in Tripura is uncertain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Originality of Manipuris at stake: MLCT {{!}} thetripurapost|url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/originality-of-manipuris-at-stake-mlct-7030.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=Originality of Manipuris at stake: MLCT {{!}} thetripurapost|language=English}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|“The [[Manipuri community]] in Tripura is facing challenges in the State and struggling to keep its cultural and linguistic originality. The originality of our language is lost when it crossed paths with Bengali”...“We are planning, based on ground reality, to re-establish and restore the originality of the indigenous [[Manipuri language]].”|T H Nilkumar Sinha, General Secretary of MLCT<ref>{{Cite web|title=Originality of Manipuris at stake: MLCT {{!}} thetripurapost|url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/originality-of-manipuris-at-stake-mlct-7030.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=Originality of Manipuris at stake: MLCT {{!}} thetripurapost|language=English}}</ref>}}

== Development groups ==
The 30 members of the "Advisory Committee for Development of Manipuri Language" works for the development of Meitei language in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Language Advisory Committee {{!}} Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages|url=https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/language-advisory-committee|access-date=2024-05-29|website=kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in}}</ref>

The [[Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum|Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum, Tripura]] works for the development of [[Meitei language]] and [[Meitei culture|culture]] in Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Book release and prize distribution function held in Tripura : 25th jan21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=18..250121.jan21|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> It regularly works together with [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, organising symposiums.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Symposium on Manipuri literature organised|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/1/28/Our-CorrespondentAGARTALA-Jan-28-A-symposium-on-the-topic-of-Aspects-of-Manipuri-Literature-was-held-tod.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Symposium on 'Aspects of Manipuri literature' held : 29th jan24 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=37..290124.jan24|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Writing systems ==
Students of Tripura origin, who pursue Meitei language as a subject in master's degree in the [[Department of Manipuri, Manipur University]] (MU) are allowed to study in [[Bengali script]], even though the general writing system for the language subject was shifted to [[Meitei script]] since 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MA Manipuri in Meetei Mayek for academic session 2020|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.MA_Manipuri_in_Meetei_Mayek_for_academic_session_2020.html..|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MA(Manipuri) in Meetei Mayek : 07th jun20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=4..070620.jun20|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

[[Manipur Government]] was also requested to urge the [[Government of Tripura]] to allow using Meitei script for writing Meitei language instead of Bengali script in the educational institutions, starting from lower classes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MA Manipuri in Meetei Mayek for academic session 2020|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.MA_Manipuri_in_Meetei_Mayek_for_academic_session_2020.html..|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Replace Bengali script with Meetei Mayek'|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/8/21/-Replace-Bengali-script-with-Meetei-Mayek-.amp.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MA(Manipuri) in Meetei Mayek : 07th jun20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=4..070620.jun20|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Education ==
=== Schools ===
In Tripura, Meitei language was taught as a subject in three schools since 1998. By 2012, the number of schools was increased to 23.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Press|first=Imphal Free|date=2012-02-21|title=Experts mull over ways to preserve and protect local languages – KanglaOnline|url=https://kanglaonline.in/2012/02/experts-mull-over-ways-to-preserve-and-protect-local-languages/|access-date=2024-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Universities {{anchor|University}} ===
In December 2021, [[Tripura University]] sent a proposal to the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] (MHRD) and the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) of the [[Union Government of India]], to grant permission for providing diploma courses in Meitei language, and some foreign languages, like Japanese, Korean and Nepali.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2021-12-23|title=Tripura University Proposes Induction Of Diploma Courses In Foreign Language|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/tripura-news/tripura-university-proposes-induction-of-diploma-courses-in-foreign-language-569389|access-date=2024-05-29|website=Sentinel Assam|language=en}}</ref>
After getting approval, the University of Tripura offers diploma courses in Meitei and the other languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Japanese, Korean, Nepali Language Courses To Be Offered At Tripura University|url=https://guwahatiplus.com/northeast/japanese-korean-nepali-language-courses-to-be-offered-at-tripura-university|access-date=2024-05-29|website=guwahatiplus.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Literary awards ==
Every year, the [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad|Tripura branch of Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]], a group that works for the development of [[Meitei literature]], gives awards to different people recognising their contributions to the Meitei language.
Some of the titles of the awards are, N. Chandrahas Memorial, Rajkumar Surendrajit-Sija Bidhumukhi Memorial, Leihao-Tembi Memorial, Dr. Bhupendranath, K. Chandrakumar & L. Gokul Singha Memorial awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Award Giving Ceremony of Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, Tripura held : 15th feb11 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=15..150211.feb11|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

Moreover, the [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]] also gives awards to top 30 Meitei meritorious students of classes, 10th and 12th standards in Tripura.
The names of the awards were Dr. T Biren Memorial, M. Radhamohan Memorial, C. Khalendra Memorial, L. Ratan Singha Memorial, Mutum Chitra Singha Memorial, T. Uma Memorial awards, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Award Giving Ceremony of Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, Tripura held : 15th feb11 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=15..150211.feb11|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

On the other side, Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum, Tripura also gives " ''Babure Taramani Memorial National Award"'' to a eminent person living outside Tripura consecutive every two year and every year the following awards also gives ''MLCF, Tripura Lifetime Achievement Award, Khaidem Ningol Sagolshem Ongbi Achoubi Devi Ningsing Mana'' to meritorious two sttudent's who secure highest marks under Tripura Board of Secondary Education, ''Khoisnam Bangabir Memorial Young Talent Award, Rajkumar Wangolsana Ningsing Mana'' etc.

== Mass media ==
{{Further|List of Meitei-language television channels}}

=== Newspapers ===
{{Main|List of Meitei-language newspapers}}
"Marup" ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯔꯨꯞ}}|}}) is a Meitei language newspaper published in Tripura.
It was first published on 8 May 1969, by R.K. Kamaljit ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯀꯦ. ꯀꯃꯜꯖꯤꯠ}}|}}) in order to preserve the [[Meitei language]], [[Meitei culture|culture, tradition]], and news about [[Meitei people]]. Till then, it serves to be the only newspaper that publishes news about the [[Manipuris]] living in Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Takhellambam|first=Rabi|date=2019-08-18|title=Tripura Meiteis living in misery, want Manipur government to look into the matter|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/tripura-meiteis-living-in-misery-want-manipur-government-to-look-into-the-matter/|access-date=2024-05-29|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tripura Meiteis living in misery, want Manipur government to look into the matter : 19th aug19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=6..190819.aug19|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Its readership spreads across the neighboring regions of [[Bangladesh]] and the Indian state of [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Devi|first=R.K. Lilapati|title=Marup an Ethnic Minority Newspaper of Tripura: A Journey to Ethnic Society Revivalism|url=https://journals.dbuniversity.ac.in/ojs/index.php/jneic/article/download/241/236|website=The Journal of North East Indian Cultures}}</ref>

== Demands ==
Ranjan, an Indian [[member of Parliament]] of [[Lok Sabha]], asked the [[Chief Minister of Tripura]], to introduce Meitei language as an optional subject from lower classes up to 12th standard, in schools, highlighting the importance of promoting Meitei language among the [[Tripura|Tripuri]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Ranjan calls on Tripura CM|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/1/5/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Jan-4-Lok-Sabha-MP-Dr-Ranjan-called-on-Tripura-Chief-Minister-Biplab-Kumar-Deb-and-discussed-several-issues-including-the-proposal-for-construction-of-a-State-guest-hou.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Ranjan calls on Tripura CM : 05th jan20 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..050120.jan20|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

The Meitei language speaking people of Tripura and other places together [[Meitei classical language movement|demand the official classical language status to be granted to Meitei language]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Classic language status for Manipuri demanded|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/classic-language-status-for-manipuri-demanded-116082000690_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Classic language status for Manipuri demanded |url=https://morungexpress.com/classic-language-status-manipuri-demanded |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref>

== Language Day ==
{{Main|Meitei language day}}
Meitei language speakers and lovers annually celebrate the "[[Manipuri Language Day]]" on 20 August in Tripura, to remember the day on which their language was made one of the scheduled languages of the 8th schedule for the Constitution of India by [[Manipuri Literary and Cultural Forum, Tripura]] with colourful cultural programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Takhellambam|first=Rabi|date=2019-08-26|title=Manipuris in Tripura observes Manipuri Language Day|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/manipuris-in-tripura-observes-manipuri-language-day/|access-date=2024-05-29|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-20|title=Celebration of Manipuri Language Day 2023 At Khowai. - TRIPURA STAR NEWS|url=https://www.tripurastarnews.com/celebration-of-manipuri-language-day-2023-at-khowai/|access-date=2024-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuri Language Day to be held at Tripura : 19th aug23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..190823.aug23|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Representing Tripura in national events ==
=== 2023 ===
Sorokhaibam Gambhini ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛꯈꯥꯏꯕꯝ ꯒꯝꯚꯤꯅꯤ}}|}}), a Meitei poet from Tripura, won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] 2023, for Meitei language category, for her work "Yachangba Nang Hallo" ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯥꯆꯪꯕ ꯅꯪ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯣ}}|}}, Go back Yachanba). She is the first writer from Tripura to get the prestigious award in the field of [[Meitei literature]] (or [[Manipuri literature]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Irom|first=Bit|date=2023-12-21|title=Tripura's Sorokhaibam Gambhini bags Sahitya Akademi award for Manipuri literature|url=http://nenow.in/north-east-news/a-noted-female-poet-from-tripura-conferred-sahitya-akademi-award-2023-in-manipuri-literature.html|access-date=2024-05-29|website=NORTHEAST NOW|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tripura poet wins Sahitya Akademi award for Manipuri composition|url=https://www.uniindia.com/tripura-poet-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-for-manipuri-composition/east/news/3111222.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sorokhaibam Gambhini to receive Sahitya Academy Award|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/books/sorokhaibam-gambhini-to-receive-sahitya-academy-award|access-date=2024-05-29|website=Imphal Free Press|language=en}}</ref>

Khoisnam Birola (Meitei: ꯈꯣꯏꯁꯅꯥꯝ ꯕꯤꯔꯣꯂꯥ) has appointed first women member in Manipuri Language Advisory Board, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi for the tenure 2023 - 2027.

=== 2019 ===
In March 2019, on the [[International Women's Day]], Konjengbam Sarita Devi ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯦꯡꯕꯝ ꯁꯔꯤꯇꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ}}|}}), a female writer of Tripura of [[Meitei people|Meitei origin]], was selected in the "All India Women Writers' meet" organized by the [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, located in [[New Delhi]], for reading Meitei language poems.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuri writer Sarita Devi from Tripura takes part in All India Women Writers' meet : 10th mar19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..100319.mar19|access-date=2024-05-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Representing Tripura in international events ==
=== Notable exhibitions {{Anchor|Notable publications}} ===
In Moscow International Book Fair, in September 2009, a book titled "Itihaser Aloke Tripura-Manipur" was shown. It was written in both Meitei language and Bengali language. The book was about the historical relation between [[Tripura]] and [[Manipur]]. The Meitei and Bengali versions were written by L Birmangal & Pannalal Roy respectively. It was published by the Akshar Publications, a renowned publisher of Tripura state. It was shown by the National Book Trust Of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Info Itihaser Aloke Tripura Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Info_Itihaser_Aloke_Tripura_Manipur|access-date=2024-05-29|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Meitei language in Assam]]
* [[Meitei language in Bangladesh]]
* [[Bangladesh Manipuri Sahitya Sangsad]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/4/3/Our-CorrespondentTHOUBAL-Apr-2-Khoisnam-o-Birola-has-been-appointed-as-a-member-of-Manipuri-L.html |title=Khoisnam Birola appointed Manipuri Language Advisory Board member |website=thesangaiexpress.com |date=2023-04-03 |access-date=2024-10-26}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Meitei language}}
{{Wiktionary|Meitei|Manipuri}}
{{Wikivoyage|Meitei language}}
{{Wikibooks|Meitei language}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei language]]
[[Category:Culture of Tripura]]

Raju

2026-03-23T15:38:29Z

Geri3389994518: small improve information for consistency and fixed typos per sources

{{Short description|Raju, Telugu Caste}}
{{for-multi|the village in Iran|Raju, Iran|other uses|Raju (disambiguation)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Raju
| populated_states = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| languages = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| religions =
}}
The '''Raju''' are a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] caste found mostly in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

==Etymology and Early references==

''Raju'' is a [[Telugu language]] variant of the [[Sanskrit]] title ''[[Raja]]'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:
{{blockquote|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. [But it] could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}

In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular [[Brahmin]]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the [[Vedic]] four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a [[caste]].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to
{{blockquote|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although [the title] did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

Temple inscriptions from the period of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], a [[South India]]n dynasty that flourished between 1175 and 1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called ''[[Reddy|Reddies]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=17, 112 |access-date=2014-03-04}}</ref>

==Varna Status==
The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims [[Kshatriya]] status in the [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |page=53 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä [[Glossary|glossarises]] the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |access-date=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}} A. Satyanarayana further classifies the Raju/Kshatriya caste as one of the three communities—alongside the Brahmins and the Arya Vaishya/Komati—that constitute the upper-caste [[Dvija|dwijas]] segment in the local social order and are recognized as claimants to the "twice-born" status.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |pages=17, 54 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>

==Population==
A report published by the Overseas Development Institute in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)|Velama]] they were
{{blockquote|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite book |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |access-date=2012-02-29 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021821/http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

{{As of|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |access-date=2012-02-29 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021624/http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Raju| ]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]

Juna Furniture

2026-03-22T20:28:42Z

Geri3389994518: new initial article from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Juna Furniture
| image = Juna Furniture.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|mr|जुनं फर्निचर}}
| director = [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
| writer = Mahesh Manjrekar
| producer = Yatin Jadhav
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Mahesh Manjrekar
*[[Medha Manjrekar]]
*[[Anusha Dandekar]]
*[[Bhushan Pradhan]]
*[[Sachin Khedekar]]
*[[Upendra Limaye]]
}}
| cinematography = Ajit Reddy
| editing = Rahul Bhatankar
| music = [[Hitesh Modak]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Skylink Entertainment
*Satya Saiee Films
}}
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|04|26}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INRConvert|14|c}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-15 |title=2024 मध्ये सर्वाधिक कमाई केलेले 10 मराठी चित्रपट तुम्हाला माहिती आहेत काय? |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/mr/!entertainment/do-you-know-the-10-highest-grossing-marathi-movies-at-the-box-office-in-2024-maharashtra-news-mhs24121404770 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=mr}}</ref>
}}

'''''Juna Furniture''''' ({{Translation|Old Furniture}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by [[Mahesh Manjrekar]], who is featured in the leading role. Other cast included [[Medha Manjrekar]], [[Bhushan Pradhan]], [[Anusha Dandekar]], [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]], [[Sachin Khedekar]], and [[Upendra Limaye]] in pivotal roles. It is produced by Yatin Jadhav under the banner of Skylink Entertainment.

The film was theatrically released on 26 April 2024 and grossed over {{INRConvert|14|c}} at the box office, becoming the [[List of Marathi films of 2024#Box office collection|fourth highest grossing Marathi film of the year]]. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, praised for its portrayal of human emotions, resilience, and societal concerns, particularly regarding the neglect of senior citizens, and criticised for illogical elements and a slight drag in the plot post-interval.

== Plot ==
Once upon a time, there lived Govind Pathak, a senior citizen. His son, Abhay, a prominent IAS officer, tied the knot with Avni, a woman from a wealthy family. Abhay's career soared as he was appointed as the Principal Secretary to the Chief Minister. To secure his father's future, Abhay invested Govind's retirement savings and managed his financial transactions. However, Govind often found himself in need of money, having to repeatedly ask Abhay for it. One fateful day, when Govind urgently needed Abhay's help due to his mother's deteriorating health, Abhay was preoccupied with an anniversary celebration. Despite Govind's attempts to reach out, the message went unanswered until it was too late. Tired of his son's ignorance, Govind decides to file a case against his son demanding the sum of money he had spent on his son's future until now. The movie then shows how Govind fights the case gaining support for other senior citizens but also angering some other people.

== Cast ==

* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Govind Shridhar Pathak
* [[Medha Manjrekar]] as Suhasini Pathak
* [[Bhushan Pradhan]] as Abhay Govind Pathak
* [[Anusha Dandekar]] as Avni Abhay Pathak
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Sameer Joshi, Abhay's father-in-law
* [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Sessions Judge
* [[Shivaji Satam]] as Magistrate
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as Advocate
* [[Upendra Limaye]] as Prakash Dagdu Bhope alias Pakya bhai
* [[Girish Oak]] as Adovocate Bapat
* Ramdas Sawant as Ramdas Sawant
* [[Makarand Anaspure]] as Chief Minister
* [[Onkar Bhojane]] as Bandya
* Shrirang Deshmukh as Deshmukh
* Prem Dharmadhikari as Vinya
* Shridhar Limaye as Dr. Joshi
* Vijay Nikam as Adovocate Dinkar Pandit
* Alka Parab as Manda Gawde
* Dhananjay Mandrekar as Dr. Veerendra Sharma
* Rajesh Bhosale as Vada Pav stall owner

== Production ==
[[Mahesh Manjrekar]] conceived the idea nearly 12 years ago, drawing from a deeply personal space following the loss of his mother. Originally planned as a [[Hindi film]], Manjrekar encountered delays in production due to casting. With no actor available on short notice, Manjrekar took on the central role himself, marking his first lead role in his own directorial venture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-23 |title=Juna Furniture: Mahesh Manjrekar reveals why decided to play the central character |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/juna-furniture-mahesh-manjrekar-reveals-why-decided-to-play-the-central-character-23345723 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Mid-day]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer (s)
| total_length = 3:22
| title1 = Kay Chukle Saang Naa
| length1 = 3:22
| lyrics1 = Vaibhav Joshi
| music1 = DH Hrmony, SRM Alien
| extra1 = [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
}}

== Marketing ==
The teaser of the film was launched at Aaji Ajoba Udhyan at [[Shivaji Park]], [[Mumbai]], where [[Salim Khan]] was attended the event.<ref name=":1" />

== Release ==
The film was theatrically released on 26 April 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-20 |title=Teaser Of Mahesh Manjrekar-starrer Marathi Film Juna Furniture Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/teaser-of-mahesh-manjrekar-starrer-marathi-film-juna-furniture-out-8822518.html |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===

Kalpeshraj Kubal of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and wrote "''Juna Furniture'' is a story of human emotions, resilience and a societal concern that is prominently seen today."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Juna Furniture Movie Review : A story of human emotions, resilience and a societal concern |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/juna-furniture/movie-review/109626447.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' called it "A simplistic crusade against the neglect of senior citizens."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2024-04-26 |title='Juna Furniture' review: A simplistic crusade against the neglect of senior citizens |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1067038/juna-furniture-review-a-simplistic-crusade-against-the-neglect-of-senior-citizens |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Priyanka Kulkarni of ''[[Sakal]]'' awarded 3.5 rating out of 5, the reviewer is praised the film's music and cinematography, acknowledging its excellence. However, she also found that aspects of the film are illogical.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Priyanka |date=2024-04-28 |title=Juna Furniture Movie Review: भावनाप्रधान, हृदयस्पर्शी कथा; असा आहे 'जुनं फर्निचर' चित्रपट |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/juna-furniture-movie-review-mahesh-manjrekar-film-entertainment-news-pvk21 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref> Sanjay Ghaware of ''[[Lokmat]]'' rated 3.5 stars out of 5 stars, noted the mix of poignant and humorous dialogues and praised the gripping first half, though acknowledging a slight drag in the plot post-interval, which eventually recovers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-26 |title=एका 'महा'ताऱ्याची खिळवून ठेवणारी गोष्ट, कसा आहे महेश मांजरेकरांचा 'जुनं फर्निचर'? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/juna-furniture-movie-review-starring-mahesh-manjrekar-medha-manjrekar-bhushan-pradhan-a-a838-c998/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film collected {{INRConvert|40|l}} on its opening day and grossed over {{INRConvert|1.2|c}} in three days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=महेश मांजरेकरांच्या चित्रपटाची चांगली सुरुवात, 'जुनं फर्निचर'ने तीन दिवसांत किती कमाई केली? जाणून घ्या |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/mahesh-manjrekar-film-juna-furniture-box-office-collection-hrc-97-4343864/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref> The film has earned {{INRConvert|4|c}} in the first week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |title=Box Office:'नाच गं घुमा', 'स्वरगंधर्व सुधीर फडके'ची गाडी सुसाट; पण दोघांनाही टक्कर देतोय 'जुनं फर्निचर', कुणाची किती कमाई? |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/nach-g-ghuma-box-office-collection-of-day-2/articleshow/109804116.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The film stands at {{INRConvert|5.75|c}} in five days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |title=मराठी चित्रपटांचा बॉक्स ऑफिसवर कल्ला! 'जुनं फर्निचर' ते 'नाच गं घुमा'; वीकेंडला झाली घसघशीत कमाई |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/box-office-collections/juna-furniture-to-naach-ga-ghuma-marathi-movies-box-office-collection/articleshow/109883694.cms |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Saurabh |date=2024-05-06 |title=बॉक्स ऑफिसवर मराठी चित्रपटांची चर्चा, 'जुनं फर्निचर' व 'नाच गं घुमा'ने आतापर्यंत किती कमावले?, एकूण कमाई तब्बल... |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/naach-ga-ghuma-and-juna-furniture-movies-box-office-collections-see-the-details/ |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=itsmajja.com |language=mr}}</ref> On the next day film earned {{INRConvert|6|c}} mark.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rasal |first=Bhagyashree |title=बॉक्स ऑफिसवर पुन्हा महिलाराज, 'नाच गं घुमा'ची सहा दिवसांत बक्कळ कमाई, या सिनेमानं केली प्रेक्षकांची निराशा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/swargandharva-sudhir-phadke-movie-and-naach-ga-ghuma-vs-juna-furniture-box-office-collection-know-more-details/articleshow/109911703.cms |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|14|C}} in its final theatrical run.<ref name=":0" />

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominee (s)
!Result
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |2024
|Aaryans Sanman
|Promising Actor / Actress
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='आर्यन सन्मानासाठी' कलाकृती पाठविण्याचे आवाहन |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2024/8/22/Aryan-sanman.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.mahamtb.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title='Aaryans Navdurga Sanman Award' and 'Aaryans Samman Film-Drama 2024' |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/aaryans-navdurga-sanman-award-and-aaryans-samman-film-drama-2024-nomination-ceremony-announced/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |language=en-US|website=CineBuster}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |City Cine Awards
|Best Film
|''Juna Furniture''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Cinema's Finest Honored: City Cine Awards Marathi 2024 Results |url=https://www.radiocity.in/ccamarathi |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Radiocity}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |Mahesh Manjrekar
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|Vaibhav Joshi (song "Kay Chukle Saang Naa")
|{{nom}}
|-
|King of Entertainment
|[[Upendra Limaye]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |2025
| rowspan="5" |NDTV Marathi Entertainment Awards
|Best Film
|''Juna Furniture''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDTV Marathi ENT Awards 2025: एनडीटीव्ही मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'फुलवंती'ची बाजी! पाहा सर्व विजेत्यांची यादी.... |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-marathi-entertainment-awards-2025-prajakta-mali-won-best-actress-award-look-at-all-winners-here-7786498 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=marathi.ndtv.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director
| rowspan="2" |Mahesh Manjrekar
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actress
|Medha Manjrekar
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|Vaibhav Joshi (song "Kay Chukle Saang Naa")
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[25th Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar|2025]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Film|Best Film]]
|''Juna Furniture''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="9" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-08 |title='झी चित्र गौरव' पुरस्कारांमध्ये 'या' सिनेमाने मारली बाजी! सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता व अभिनेत्री ठरले...; वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-chitra-gaurav-2025-winners-list-best-movie-is-paani-and-mahesh-manjrekar-won-best-actor-award-read-full-list-sva-00-4938781/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="5" |Mahesh Manjrekar
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Playback Singer – Male|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Story
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Dialogue
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|Upendra Limaye
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|Medha Manjrekar
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Editing
|Rahul Bhatankar
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |2025
| rowspan="6" |Mata Sanman
|Best Film
|''Juna Furniture''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='मटा सन्मान २०२५'साठी मानांकने जाहीर; गुणवंत कलाकार आणि गाजलेल्या कलाकृतींचा होणार गौरव |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/mata-sanmaan/news/mata-sanman-nomination-2025-announced-for-television-cinema-natak-and-web-series-category/articleshow/118632796.cms |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पाणी, इंद्रायणीचा 'मटा सन्मान'वर ठसा; वैदेही, समीर, शर्वरी सर्वोत्कृष्ट, विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/mata-sanmaan/news/mata-sanman-2025-winners-list-aadinath-kothare-vaidehi-parshurami-sharvari-jog-sameer-paranjape-won-best-actor-awards/articleshow/118915210.cms |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director
| rowspan="4" |Mahesh Manjrekar
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Dialogue
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Editor
|Rahul Bhatankar
|{{nom}}
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=31844525}}

{{Mahesh Manjrekar}}
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about old age]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hitesh Modak]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Manjrekar]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial

2026-03-22T16:35:16Z

Geri3389994518: started basic data and citations

{{Short description|National Memorial in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial
| image = Sankalp Bhoomi, life-size statue of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar sitting under the Banyan Tree, at the Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial, in Delhi.jpg
| image_caption = Ambekdar sitting under a banyan tree
| map_caption = Location in New Delhi
| mapframe-zoom = 17
| former_names = 26 Alipur Road, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Parinirvan Sthal
| building_type =
| architectural_style =
| address = 26 Sham Nath Marg
| location_city = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| groundbreaking_date = 2016-03-21
| construction_start_date = 2016
| construction_stop_date = 2018
| inauguration_date = 2018-04-13
| cost = 99.64 crore<ref name="CPWD"/>
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]
| floor_count = 4 (3 basements and ground floor)<ref name="CPWD"/>
| parking = Basement 2 and 3 (capacity: 54 cars)<ref name="CPWD"/>
| public_transit = [[Delhi Metro]]: [[Vidhan Sabha metro station|Vidhan Sabha]] and [[Civil Lines metro station (Delhi)|Civil Lines]]
| website = {{URL|http://ambedkarfoundation.nic.in/danm.html|ambedkarfoundation.nic.in}}
}}
'''Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial''', also known as also known as '''Mahaparinirvan Bhoomi''' or '''Mahaparinirvan Sthal''', is a memorial in India's national capital [[New Delhi]], dedicated to anti-caste activist and political leader [[B. R. Ambedkar]]. The site is the location of '''26 Alipur Road''', a now-demolished bungalow where Ambedkar lived from 1951 until his death in 1956.

The [[Government of India]] acquired the site in 2003, and built a makeshift memorial at the site. The present-day memorial, which includes a museum with several exhibits, was built during 2016-2018.

== History ==

As the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law]] in the [[First Nehru ministry]], Ambedkar lived at the official residences in India's national capital Delhi, first 22 [[Prithviraj Road]] and then 1 Hardinge Avenue.<ref name="DCA_1992">{{cite book |author=D. C. Ahir |title=Dr. Ambedkar and Punjab |publisher=B.R. |year=1992 |isbn=9788170187363 |pages=49–52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ABIAAAAMAAJ }}</ref> In September 1951, he resigned from the cabinet following the impasse over the [[Hindu Code Bill]]. Subsequently, he and his wife [[Savita Ambedkar|Savita]] moved to 26 Alipur Road (also spelt Alipore Road), a 10-room bungalow rented from the former ruler of [[Sirohi State|Sirohi]].<ref name="Shobhna_2016">{{cite book |editor1=S. Anand |editor2=Shobhna Iyer |author=B.R. Ambedkar |title=Riddles in Hinduism: The Annotated Critical Edition |year=2016 |publisher=Navayana |isbn=9788189059774 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgDVjwEACAAJ |pages=8–9 }}</ref>

Ambedkar's assistant [[Nanak Chand Rattu]] visited 26 Alipur Road every evening, and typed several of his works there during 1951-1956.<ref name="Shobhna_2016"/> Ambedkar died at the bungalow on 6 December 1956.<ref name="BS_2018"/> Savita Ambedkar continued to live there, and Ambedkar's papers remained in a storeroom. In 1966, Madan Lal Jain purchased the bungalow: he allowed Savita Ambedkar to retain two rooms, gave one part of the building to his son-in-law, and rented another part to an Additional Sessions Judge.<ref name="Shobhna_2016"/>

In 1967, Jain started the process to evict Savita Ambedkar, and the Additional Rent Controller served her the eviction notice on 17 January. A few days later, when Savita Ambedkar was away in [[Alwar]], Jain and his son-law entered the bungalow with three bailiffs and 20 musclemen. They forced Savita Ambedkar's servant Mohan Singh to hand over the keys to her rooms, entered her rooms, and dumped her belongings in a yard. These included several B. R. Ambedkar's papers, which were destroyed in rain that night. Savita Ambedkar later sought help of the Home Minister Y.B. Chavan and the [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi]] [[Aditya Nath Jha|A.N. Jha]] to access her remaining belongings at the premises.<ref name="Shobhna_2016"/>

Soon after, the building was demolished and the property ownership changed. Amebdkar's surviving papers ultimately came in the possession of the Government of Maharashtra, and were later published as part of the ''Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches'' (BAWS) series.<ref name="Shobhna_2016"/>

[[Om Prakash Jindal|Jindal]] family, the new owners of the site, demolished the original building and built a new residence,<ref name="NB_2012"/> informally called the "Jindal kothi".<ref name="MAS_2015"/>

=== Development as a memorial ===

At the time of Ambedkar's birth centenary in 1991, [[Ambedkarite]]s demanded that the government acquire the house to build a memorial. More than a decade later, in 2003, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] government purchased the site to build a memorial.<ref name="NB_2012"/> Prime Minister [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] laid the foundation of the "Babasaheb Dr Ambedkar [[Parinirvana|Parinirvan]] Sthal" at the site, planning to build a memorial and a museum. He conceived the site as a "pilgrimage where people from home and abroad would come to seek inspiration and learn how to eradicate social injustice."<ref>{{cite news |title=Ambedkar, Gandhi equal in stature: PM |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh |date=2003-12-02 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031203/nation.htm#3 |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref>

After the BJP lost the election in 2004, Vajpayee's project was stalled. The NDA government had set up a {{INR}} 100 [[crore]] fund, which the new [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-led [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] government directed towards other projects.<ref name="NB_2012"/> The building remained a makeshift memorial managed by the government-run Dr. Ambedkar Foundation.<ref name="MAS_2015"/> In 2007, Ambedkarites submitted a memorandum to the government demanding better maintenance of the site, but the memorial remained neglected.<ref>{{cite news |author=Uravashi Sarkar |title=Ambedkar national memorial neglected |date=2009-09-17 |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/lsquoAmbedkar-national-memorial-neglected.rsquo/article16882011.ece |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref> Subsequently, the government had the bungalow [[whitewash]]ed, its galleries cleaned-up, and its lawns beautified. However, the project to develop the new memorial remained on hold. In 2011, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] directed a high-level committee to work on the new memorial.<ref name="NB_2012"/> The committee submitted its report in 2012, and the work was assigned to [[Central Public Works Department]] in 2013.<ref name="CPWD">{{cite web |author=Tarkeshwar Tiwary |title=Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial: A Case Study on Design of Memorial |publisher=Central Public Works Department, Government of India |url=https://cpwd.gov.in/cty/writereaddata/eventdoc/EVENTFILE_23092019050947.pdf |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref> No actual work on the memorial commenced, and the Ambedkarites accused the UPA government of neglecting the memorial because of Ambedkar's contentious history with the Congress.<ref name="NB_2012"/>

In 2012, journalist Neha Bhatt of [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] described the building as neglected: it had untended grounds, no fans, and no drinking water. Few people visited the memorial, so many of the rooms remained locked. The glass showcase containing a limited edition copy of the constitution was empty, as the copy had been locked away because of security concerns. The visitors book had several comments requesting a better memorial.<ref name="NB_2012">{{cite journal |author=Neha Bhatt |title=A Fall Into Sear And Yellow Leaf |journal=Outlook |date=2012-08-12 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-fall-into-sear-and-yellow-leaf/281939 |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
The Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee lighting the traditional lamp to inaugurate the development of work for Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar National Memorial and Museum at a function organised by Ministry of Social Justice &.jpg | [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] inaugurating the project in 2003

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Memorial, in New Delhi (1).jpg | [[Narendra Modi]] laying the foundation stone in 2016

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar at 26 Alipur Road, Delhi.jpg | Narendra Modi inaugurating the new Memorial in 2018
</gallery>

After BJP returned to power in 2014, the [[Narendra Modi]]-led government announced plans to build a new memorial at the site. Modi accused the previous Congress-led government of closing the files related to Vajpayee's project, and delaying the construction of the new memorial for several years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Modi at Ambedkar Memorial: 'Nation ashamed of such incidents, culprits won't be spared', says PM on Kathua, Unnao cases |publisher=India TV |date=2018-04-13 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-pm-modi-takes-ride-in-delhi-metro-live-updates-dr-ambedkar-national-memorial-live-streaming-lok-kalyan-metro-station-437373 }}</ref> In July 2015, the Government granted {{INR}} 99.64 crore for the construction of the new memorial.<ref name="CPWD"/>

Journalist [[Mayank Austen Soofi]], who visited the memorial in 2015, before the construction of the present-day memorial started, described it as "deserted". The memorial had a museum with a large bust of Ambedkar, wall panels depicting milestones of Ambedkar's life and excerpts from his speeches, and a copy of the Constitution of India kept in a glass case. It also had a small library, which the Foundation's editor Sudhir Hilsayan described as "just for show". There was no librarian: the books were locked inside glass almirahs, and the caretaker of the memorial did not have the keys. The library was not air-conditioned, and the only tubelight was installed by the few student visitors who pooled in the money to buy it.<ref name="MAS_2015">{{cite news |author=Mayank Austen Soofi |author-link=Mayank Austen Soofi |title=Is this really Ambedkar's House? |date=2015-06-15 |newspaper=Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/plDXmghUh3bkkKo7KBIfcN/Is-this-really-Ambedkars-House.html |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref>

Modi laid the foundation stone of the present-day memorial on 21 March 2016.<ref name="BS_2018"/> In 2018, the Modi government completed the project conceived by Vajpayee.<ref name="ET_NS_2018">{{cite news |author=Nidhi Sharma |title=Just in time: Narendra Modi to open Ambedkar Memorial early April |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=2018-05-28 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/just-in-time-modi-to-open-ambedkar-memorial-early-april/articleshow/63497660.cms |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref> Modi inaugurated the memorial on 13 April 2018 on Ambedkar's birth anniversary.<ref name="BS_2018">{{cite news |title=Ambedkar memorial: PM Modi takes metro to attend event |newspaper=Business Standard |date=2018-04-13 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ambedkar-memorial-pm-modi-takes-metro-to-attend-event-118041301133_1.html | access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref> BJP's critics accused it of attempting to [[cultural appropriation|appropriate]] Ambedkar through such memorials.<ref name="WION"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Ziya Us Salam |title=Of Saffron Flags and Skullcaps: Hindutva, Muslim Identity and the Idea of India |year=2018 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=9789352807369 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JI1cDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT73}}</ref>

== Exhibits ==

The Memorial building is in the shape of an open book which signifies the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name="WION">{{cite news |author=Annu Kaushik |title=Ambedkar National Memorial: A one of a kind experience |publisher=WION |date=2019-02-10 |url=https://www.wionews.com/opinions/ambedkar-national-memorial-a-one-of-a-kind-experience-193318 |access-date=2023-01-13 }}</ref> It houses a museum curated by the [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]].<ref name="ET_NS_2018"/>

As Ambedkar had adopted [[Buddhism]], the site incorporates several Buddhist elements, including a bronze [[Ashoka pillar]] at the entrance, a [[Bodhi tree]] surrounded by fountains with that move to Buddhist chants in a sound and light show, and two [[Sanchi]]-style ''[[torana]]s'' (gateways). The memorial features 27 exhibits, including:<ref name="WION"/><ref name="ET_NS_2018"/>

* a life-size exhibit of Ambedkar sitting under a tree in [[Vadodara]] after losing his job
* a re-creation of Ambedkar's [[study (room)|study]]
* several leaders signing the first copy of the [[Constitution of India]]
* a life-size robotic statue of Ambedkar that narrates his speeches in the [[Constituent Assembly]]
* an exhibit on Ambedkar's wife [[Ramabai Bhimrao Ambedkar|Ramabai]] which shows the impact of her death on Ambedkar's life

== See also ==
* [[Statue of Social Justice]], Vijayawada
* [[Statue of Equality (Ambedkar)|Statue of Equality]], Mumbai
* [[Ambedkar Memorial Park]]
* [[List of things named after B. R. Ambedkar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://ambedkarfoundation.nic.in/danm.html Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial (DANM)]
* {{commons category inline|Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial}}

{{Museums in Delhi}}

[[Category:Memorials to B. R. Ambedkar]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Delhi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2018]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Museums established in 2018]]
[[Category:Museums in Delhi]]
[[Category:Buddhist buildings and structures in India]]

Rajakesari Peruvazhi

2026-03-13T19:57:46Z

Geri3389994518: creating new article

[[File:Rajakesari Peruvazhi inscription.jpg|thumb|Tamil inscription mentioning the repair of the highway by the [[Chola]] king [[Aditya I]]]]

'''Rajakesari Peruvazhi''' ({{lit|highway of the lion king{{efn|name=king|''Rajakesari'',<ref>{{cite book|title=Concise History of Ancient India: Political theory, administration and economic life|author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar|year=1977|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|page=267}}</ref> meaning lion king or lion among kings in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], is a title used by various [[Chola]] kings.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Brihadisvara, the Great Temple of Thanjavur|author=Ē. Kē Cēṣāttiri|year=1998|publisher=Nile Books|page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kongu Nadu, a History Up to A.D. 1400|author=V. Manickam|year=2001|publisher=Makkal Veliyeedu|page=290}}</ref>}}}}) was an ancient [[highway]] that traversed the present day states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]] in India. In the ancient [[Tamilakam]], the highway connected the [[Chera Nadu]] and [[Kongu Nadu]] regions, which were separated by the [[Western Ghats]]. The highway passed through the [[Palghat gap]] in the Western Ghats.<ref name="Hist">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|title=On how Kongu Nadu was a Jain bastion|date=12 October 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023080330/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> It was part of a route that linked [[Muziris]] in the [[Western coastal plains|western coast]] of India and [[Arikamedu]] in the [[Eastern coastal plains|eastern coast]], and formed part of an extended trade route between the [[Mediterranean]] and [[East Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/63731-flaws-in-the-rivers-interlinking-project|title=Flaws in the rivers interlinking|work=[[Vikatan]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Miller|last=J. Innes|orig-date=1969|title=The Spice Trade of The Roman Empire: 29 B.C. to A.D. 641|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=978-0-1981-4264-5}}</ref>

[[Tamil Brahmi]] inscriptions found near [[Coimbatore]], indicate the usage of the highway by the [[Medieval Cholas]] in the ninth and tenth centuries CE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scripting history |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/06/21/stories/2010062151120400.htm |access-date=9 May 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110160431/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/06/21/stories/2010062151120400.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref> The inscriptions mention that the highway was strengthened by [[Aditya I]] in the tenth century CE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tale of an ancient road |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/30/stories/2007063054660500.htm |access-date=9 May 2011 |date=30 June 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110161009/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/30/stories/2007063054660500.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref> As per inscriptions on a memorial stone, [[Rajendra Chola I]] took the road to reach Chera Nadu from [[Chola Nadu]].<ref name="Hist"/>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[category:Chera dynasty]]
[[category:Chola dynasty]]
[[category:Kongu Nadu]]
[[category:Roads in Kerala]]
[[category:Roads in Tamil Nadu]]
[[category:Western Ghats]]

Kannur Warriors FC

2026-03-06T17:26:25Z

Geri3389994518: new basic page w/ infobox

{{Refimprove|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Football club in Kerala}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Kannur Warriors
| image = Kannur_Warriors_FC.png
| image_size = 210px
| fullname = Kannur Warriors Football Club
| nickname = The Warriors (team) The Red Mariners (supporters)
| short name = KWFC
| founded = {{start date and age|May 2024}}
| ground = [[Jawahar Municipal Stadium]] [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Stadium]] (selected matches)
| capacity = 30,000 50,000
| chairman = Hassan Kunhi
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Manolo Sánchez (footballer, born 1976)|Manuel Sánchez Murias]]
| league = [[Super League Kerala]]
| season =
| position =
| website = [https://kannurwarriorsfc.com/ kannurwarriorsfc.com]
| pattern_la1 = _blueborder
| pattern_b1 = _bluecollar
| pattern_ra1 = _blueborder
| pattern_sh1 = _bluebottom
| pattern_so1 =
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| body1 = DC143C
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}}

'''Kannur Warriors Football Club''' is an [[India|indian]] professional [[Association football|football]] club based in [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]] which competes in the [[Super League Kerala]]. The club was founded in May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=12 May 2024 |title=Super League Kerala: Franchisees of inaugural edition announced |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/super-league-kerala-franchisees-of-inaugural-edition-announced-3019242 |access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref>

==Players==
===First-team squad===
{{updated|16 September 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Ubaid CK]] }}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1995)|Pawan Kumar ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=5|nat=TUN|pos=MF|name=Mohamed Nidhal Saied}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=ARG|pos=DF|name=[[Nicolás Delmonte]]}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ebin Das}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Gokul S}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=ESP|pos=MF|name=[[Asier Gomes]]}}
{{Fs player|no=11|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Muhammed Sanad}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=CMR|pos=MF|name=Ernesten Lavsamba}}
{{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=IND|name=Muhammed Nasif }}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sacin Sunil}}
{{Fs player|no=18|pos=MF|nat=IND|name=Asif OM}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Arshad A}}
{{Fs player|no=20|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Arjun MM}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=ESP|pos=FW|name=[[Adrián Sardinero]]}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Midhun Vazhayil }}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Aswin Kumar}}
{{Fs player|no=29|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Shijin Thadayouse}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Muhammed Sinan}}
{{Fs player|no=35|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Shibin Saad}}
{{Fs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Basith PP}}
{{Fs player|no=45|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Alkesh Raj }}
{{Fs player|no=46|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Vikas Singh Saini|Vikas Saini]]}}
{{Fs player|no=55|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Manoj S}}
{{Fs player|no=70|nat=SEN|pos=FW|name=Abdou Karim Samb}}
{{Fs player|no=77|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ajay Krishnan}}
{{Fs player|no=99|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sandeep S}}
{{Fs end}}

==Personnel==
{{updated|7 August 2025}}
===Coaching staff===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|Head coach
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manolo Sánchez (footballer, born 1976)|Manuel Sánchez Murias]]
|-
|Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Shafeeq Hassan M.
|-
|Goalkeeping coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Eldho Paul
|-
|Football Analyst
|{{flagicon|IND}} Kiran K Narayanan<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/DS65BKfjxGF/?igsh=MXBmZHBvcWI2aTdlYg==</ref>
|-
|Physio
|{{flagicon|IND}} Midhun PM
|-
|Assistant Physio
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sahaluddeen Ahammed
|}

===Football sport management===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
!Name
|-
|Director of football
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jewel Jose
|-
|Team Manager
|{{flagicon|IND}} Alfin K Joseph
|-
|Kit Manager
|{{flagicon|IND}} Iwan Wasily
|}

==Board of directors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|Chairman
|Hassan Kunhi
|-
|Directors
|Mibu Jose Nettikadan Ajith Joy [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] Muhammed Salih K.M. Varghese Muhammed Madani E.P. Abdurahiman
|}

==Honours==
* '''[[Super League Kerala]]'''
**Champions : [[2025 Super League Kerala|2025]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-20 |title=Kannur Warriors clinch Super League Kerala title, edge Thrissur Magic with 10 men |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2025/12/19/super-league-kerala-kannur-warriors-vs-thrissur-magic.html |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=onmanorama |issn=}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of football clubs in India#Kerala|List of football clubs in Kerala]]
* [[Football in Kerala]]
* [[Sports in Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Super League Kerala}}
{{Football in Kerala}}
{{Kerala Sports}}

[[Category:Kannur]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2024|Kannur Warriors FC]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Kerala|Kannur Warriors FC]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Kerala]]
[[Category:Super League Kerala teams]]

{{India-footyclub-stub}}

Thekchen Choling

2026-03-04T08:08:50Z

Geri3389994518: created basic article first draft...

{{Short description|Tibetan Buddhist Organization}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=May 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
}}'''Thekchen Choling''' is a registered charity [[Buddhist]] organisation in the Republic of [[Singapore]].<ref>Studies of global Buddhism tend to focus on traditionally Buddhist countries such as Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Korea, China, Tibet, and Sri Lanka; or, they look to new developments in the United States and Europe. Less attention is given to countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. See, for example, The Life of Buddhism, edited by Frank E. Reynolds and Jason A. Carbine (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).</ref><ref>Kuah, Khun Eng. State, Society and Religious Engineering: Towards a Reformist Buddhism in Singapore. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 2003.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=nparks-real-content |url=https://www.nparks.gov.sg/-/media/nparks-real-content/about-us/annual-report/nparks_annual_report_2020_21-annual-report-with-fs-(1).pdf |journal=Nparks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Profile |url=https://www.charities.gov.sg/_layouts/15/CPInternet/SearchOrgProfile.aspx?q=ODAzNjk4NTctOGNkNS1lYTExLThiNWUtMDA1MDU2OTYyODYw |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.charities.gov.sg}}</ref> The organisation was started in 2001 by [[Singha Thekchen Namdrol Rinpoche|Singha Thekchen Rinpoche]] and a group of his initial disciples. The organisation promotes non-sectarian Buddhism, emphasizing understanding of [[Theravada]]<ref>Trainor, Kevin. Relics, Ritual, and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravāda Tradition. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1997.</ref> and [[Mahayana]] teachings. TCCL is committed to the Rime (non-sectarian) movement within Tibetan Buddhism<ref>See "The Sage's Harmonious Song of Truth: A Prayer for the Flourishing of the Non-Sectarian Teachings of the Buddha," a prayer composed by the XIVth Dalai Lama, for an official expression of the wish that sectarian division will not harm Buddhism.</ref> though it is of the [[Gelug]] tradition. The primary practices and teachings of this temple are from [[Guru Rinpoche]] lineage and [[Je Tsongkhapa|Lama Tsongkapa]] lineage.

==History==
The temple was started in accordance with the instructions of [[Geshe Lama Konchog]] of [[Kopan Monastery]], with whom Singha Rinpoche studied in the late-1980s and early 1990s. Other teachers from this monastery include [[Lama Zopa]] and [[Lama Yeshe]], who have written many books and founded many Buddhist centers. Singha Rinpoche's other root guru (primary teacher) was [[Geshe Lhundrup Rigsel|Khensur Rinpoche Lama Lhundrup Rigsel]], known to his students as Khen Rinpoche.<ref>TCCL homepage: http://www.thekchencholing.org/Templates/intro_abt.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912205037/http://www.thekchencholing.org/Templates/intro_abt.htm |date=2008-09-12 }}. Accessed 9/9/2008.</ref> TCCL regularly hosts teachers from Kopan Monastery, Sera Jey Monastery, and several other Tibetan Buddhist teaching centers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation Portal - |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/Conservation-Portal/Explore/Photo-Gallery?bldgid=JLNBSR&primaryid=%7B45CB57BE-8468-4324-A758-4FB8D077B534%7D&currentFolderID=%7BE6287902-DD0B-4EFE-B8EF-7EB6D605F1E3%7D |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.ura.gov.sg}}</ref>

==Teachers==
[[File:Spiritual Director Namdrol Rinpoche.jpg|thumb|271x271px|Spiritual Director of Thekchen Choling, Singha Rinpoche]]

===Spiritual Director===
Singha Rinpoche (born Felix Lee), was initiated as a Yogi. Rinpoche was advised by his gurus not to take monastic vows, and remain as a lay practitioner. Trained as a chef and owner of a restaurant, Rinpoche was advised by his gurus in 1998 to give up the business and instead focus on spreading the Dharma. [[Geshe Lama Konchog]] also entrusted him with the task of setting up a Tibetan temple with the mission to change the existing mindset that one needs to be a monk or nun to practice Buddhism. Rinpoche closed his restaurant, and in 2001 formally registered the temple ‘Thekchen Choling (Singapore)", a name meaning "Mahayana Buddhist Temple," bestowed by Geshe Lama Konchog.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thekchen Choling |url=https://www.eventfinda.sg/venue/http-www-yoursingapore-com-content-traveller-en-browse-see-and-do-culture-and-heritage-places-of-worship-thekchen-choling-html-tahotelcode-117 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Eventfinda |language=en}}</ref>

As a lay lama, he offers practical advice to those who seek his counsel for problems they encounter in daily life. Singha Rinpoche is the author of the book Direct Expressions.

The Thekchen Choling homepage describes Singha Rinpoche's initial meeting of his teachers in Nepal in this way:

In 1989, at the age of fifteen, a Buddhist master appeared in Rinpoche's dreams and instructed him to fulfill the vows of his previous life which was to teach those who did not have teachers. Following the instructions in his dreams, he was brought to Nepal by Venerable Sangye Khandro. Upon his arrival, Singha Rinpoche first met Lumbum Rinpoche and made light offerings at a temple. At the time, Rinpoche told him, "We have been waiting for you". It was later revealed that the Buddhist master who had first appeared in Lama's dream was in fact the great Buddhist saint, Guru Rinpoche.[[File:With Dagri Rinpoche.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Singha Rinpoche with Dagri Rinpoche at Thekchen Choling temple]]
===Lineage Gurus===
Within Tibetan Buddhism, teachers study closely with more than one senior teacher. Lama Namdrol Tulku's primary teachers include:

# The 14th [[Dalai Lama]]
# The Sakya Trizin
# Gyuto Khenpo the 6th Kyabje Jhado Rinpoche
# The 5th Kyabje Dagri Dorje Chang (Dagri Rinpoche is the 5th reincarnation of Pagri Dorje Chang, one of the very great Geshes of Lhasa who was the teacher of many high lamas in Tibet.)
# Kyabje Lama Zopa Rinpoche([[Thubten Zopa Rinpoche]])
# Sera Jey Khenpo Geshe Lobsang Delek Rinpoche
# Kyabje Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche
# Kopan Khenpo Geshe Thubten Chonyi Rinpoche
# [[Geshe Lama Konchog]] (Reincarnated as [[Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche]])
# The late Khensur Rinpoche Geshe Lama Lhundrup Rigsel of [[Kopan Monastery]]
# The late Geshe Kechog of Kopan Monastery
# The late Geshe Pema Wangchen of Sera Jey Monastery

==Temple==
[[File:Altar at Thekchen Choling Main Hall.jpg|thumb|500x500px|Jowa Shakyamuni Buddha (centre), Guru Rinpoche (left) & Green Tara (right)]]Located at 2 Beatty Lane in Singapore, the temple was registered in 2001 by Singha Rinpoche, as instructed by his teacher Geshe Lama Konchog and named after the monastery of the 14th Dalai Lama as ‘Thekchen Choling (Singapore)’. The address of Thekchen Choling used to be Ji Gong Temple, a heritage site in Singapore. A statue of [[Ji Gong]] from the previous Ji Gong Temple is still being revered at the main hall of the temple for devotees to make offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-16 |title=Conservation stories |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/conservation-stories |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=AsiaOne |language=en}}</ref>

TCCL owns a number of devotional objects. Tibetan Buddhist mindfulness training practice include the devotional treatment of statues of the Buddha (and his various forms); these statues are known as [[Buddharūpa]] (literally, 'Form of the Awakened One'), which is the [[Sanskrit]] and [[Pali]] term used in [[Buddhism]] for statues or models of the [[Buddha]]. Devotees treat the statues as if they were the living bodies of fully-realized Buddhas. TCCL contains several examples of Buddharupa in Thai, Chinese, and Nepali styles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-07 |title=Buddhists turn to internet for e-Vesak Day during Covid-19 pandemic |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/buddhists-turn-internet-e-vesak-day-during-covid-19-pandemic |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=AsiaOne |language=en}}</ref>

=== Giant Mani Wheel ===

A [[prayer wheel]], or mani wheel<ref>Ladner, Lorne (editor and introduction), with translations by Lama Thubten Zopa Rinpoche [et al.]: The Wheel of Great Compassion : the Practice of the Prayer Wheel in Tibetan Buddhism. Boston, MA : Wisdom Publications, c2000.</ref> in Tibetan Buddhism, is a device that spins on an axis containing hundreds, thousands, or even millions of copies of a specific mantra. Instead saying one mantra at a time, a devotee who spins a prayer wheel believes himself to have said the mantra hundreds, thousands, or millions of times, depending on how many copies of the mantra are in the wheel.

Commonly, prayer wheels contains Chenresig's mantras which devotees consider the turning of the wheel to be a manifestation of the Chenrezig's holy speech. Chenrezig, of whom the Dalai Lama is considered by Tibetan Buddhists to be an incarnation, is the protector of Tibet and is also known as Avalokitesvara (Guenther). Through this practice, one is believed to develop purity of [[body, speech, and mind]]. Buddhist texts teach that spinning the Mani Wheel (or prayer wheel) is equivalent to having recited all the mantras inside the wheel (Ladner). Turning the Mani Wheel is thus considered extremely beneficial.

The Giant Mani wheel in Thekchen Choling (Singapore) was commissioned and installed in 2003. It stands 3m high, is 1.38m in diameter, and contains 213 million of Chenresig's mantras.

[[File:Sacred relics, Thekchen Choling Buddhist Temple, Singapore (2008).jpg|thumb|300px|Sacred Relics displayed in Thekchen Choling]]

=== Sacred Relics on display ===

# Relics of Buddha [[Shakyamuni]]
# Relics of the Buddha's closest disciples [[Ananda]], [[Upali]], [[Shariputra]] and [[Mahamaudgalyayana]]
# Hair of the [[13th Dalai Lama]]
# Relics of the 3rd and 16th [[Karmapa]]
# Relics of the great Tibetan saint [[Geshe Lama Konchog]]
# Relics from numerous other Buddhist masters

=== Kangyur and Tengyur Text ===

Under the recommendation of Dagri Rinpoche, the whole collection of the [[Kangyur]] and [[Tengyur]] Text are now kept in TCCL. Also known as the Tibetan Buddhist Canon, this collection consists of loosely defined list of sacred texts recognised by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

==Practices and events==
[[File:Dharma Teaching at Thekchen Choling.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Dharma Teaching at Thekchen Choling]]The Singapore temple has weekly teachings in English and Mandarin, chanting and prayers sessions. It provides prayers and celebrations for Buddhist holy days and festivals such as [[Lunar New Year]], [[Vesak]], [[Ullambana]], and [[Qingming Festival]]. The main hall is available to all who seek a place of quiet, for prayers and for meditation from 11am-7pm, Monday to Sunday. The devotees chant sutras in Mandarin wearing the traditional Chinese Hai-Ching and chant prayers in English and Tibetan while wearing the layman robes of white and maroon. This temple is unusual for the youth of its devotees; most are below the age of thirty five. The temple was granted permission by the Office of the 14th Dalai Lama to publish thirteen of his books in simplified Mandarin for free distribution.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=religious harmony in singapore |url=https://www.clc.gov.sg/docs/default-source/urban-systems-studies/uss-religious-harmony-in-singapore.pdf |journal=Urban Systems Studies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=Vesak Day Celebrations with Thekchen Choling Temple |url=https://www.denisephua.sg/content/2023/6/5/vesak-day-celebrations-with-thekchen-choling-temple |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Denise Phua |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ting |first=Goh Qiu |date=2022-05-17 |title=A Trip to Thekchen Choling, the Temple Giving Blessings to Pets |url=https://www.ricemedia.co/thekchen-choling-the-temple-giving-blessings-to-pets/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=RICE |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Amelia TengEducation |date=2018-05-29 |title=Young people mark Vesak Day by carrying out simple acts of kindness |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/young-people-mark-vesak-day-by-carrying-out-simple-acts-of-kindness |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>[[File:Unveiling of Giant Shakyamuni Buddha Thangka on Vesak Day .jpg|thumb|300x300px|Annual unveiling of the Giant Shakyamuni Buddha Thangkha on Vesak Day]]

=== Annual Vesak Celebrations ===
The Annual Vesak Celebrations at Thekchen Choling, a Buddhist temple, are events commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and passing of the Buddha. These celebrations often include various activities such as prayer sessions, meditation, dharma talks, and community events.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=Vesak Day Celebrations with Thekchen Choling Temple |url=https://www.denisephua.sg/content/2023/6/5/vesak-day-celebrations-with-thekchen-choling-temple |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Denise Phua |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Leow |first=Annabeth |date=2017-05-10 |title=Tibetan temple in Singapore celebrates Vesak Day with four-storey devotional cloth painting |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tibetan-temple-in-singapore-celebrates-vesak-day-with-four-storey-devotional-cloth |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Teng |first=Amelia |date=2018-05-29 |title=Young people mark Vesak Day by carrying out simple acts of kindness |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/young-people-mark-vesak-day-by-carrying-out-simple-acts-of-kindness |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>

One of the highlights is the display of a Giant Shakyamuni Buddha Thangka, a large and intricate cloth painting depicting the Buddha, which is typically unfurled during the celebrations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-17 |title=In Pictures: Vesak Day celebrations in Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/photos/in-pictures-vesak-day-celebrations-in-singapore-0 |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>

==== Animal Blessing Ceremony ====
[[File:Animal Blessing Ceremony at Thekchen Choling (dog).png|thumb|301x301px|Animal Blessing Ceremony at Thekchen Choling]]
The Animal Blessing Ceremony at Thekchen Choling is an event dedicated to the welfare and happiness of animals. This ceremony is an expression of compassion and a reflection of the Buddhist principle of kindness towards all living beings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yu |first=Ariel |date=2024-05-22 |title=Few animals released into wild on Vesak Day, devotees urged to be kind to animals in other ways |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/few-animals-released-into-wild-on-vesak-day-as-buddhist-groups-advise-devotees-against-it |access-date=2024-09-25 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>

During the ceremony, animals brought by their owners receive blessings from the monks. The ceremony includes chanting of mantras, sprinkling of holy water, and offering of prayers. <ref>{{Cite news |last=NgChina |first=Michelle |date=2019-05-19 |title=Paws for reflection: Animals blessed and rehomed as Buddhist temple marks Vesak Day |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/paws-for-reflection-animals-blessed-and-rehomed-as-buddhist-temple-marks-vesak-day |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>

===Community Outreach===
[[File:Animal Blessing Ceremony at Thekchen Choling.png|thumb|300x300px|Animal Blessing Ceremony at Thekchen Choling]]
With the vision of "Connecting All with Divine Hearts", Thekchen Choling hopes to complement the spiritual healing of the temple with a focus on giving aid to those in need.

'''Education Services'''

The temple grants annual education bursaries to needy students each year regardless of religious backgrounds.

'''Youth Development Services'''

The objective of Thekchen Choling Youth Development Services is to groom youths to be courageous, caring and socially responsible adults. Programmes are planned to help in the overall development of youths. These programmes include self-awareness and social skills and community outreach opportunities.

'''Elderly and Needy Support Services'''

Given the rising prices of food recently, TCCL hopes to lend a helping hand to the needy by distributing food rations to them. Started in 2007 as Project Maude, this free ration distribution project held 3 times a year during Chinese New Year, Vesak Day, and [[Mid Autumn Festival]] has grown now to BESAR Project, a collaborative effort with the Jalan Besar Citizens Consultative Committee, supporting more than 1000 needy families and elderly on each occasion.

== International Branches of Thekchen Choling ==
[[File:Vesak Day Float at Thekchen Choling Malaysia.jpg|thumb|Vesak Day Float at Thekchen Choling Malaysia]]

=== Thekchen Choling (Malaysia) Melaka ===

==== The Beginning of Thekchen Choling (Malaysia) ====
For many years, Malaysian students of Rinpoche have persistently requested him to start similar temples in Malaysia so that people in Malaysia can benefit from Dharma as well as community outreach programmes.

After numerous location searches of three months since June 2012, we found Melaka to be suitable and ripe for us to start our first overseas centre. Thekchen Choling (Malaysia) was officially approved by the Malaysian Federal Government on 15 October 2012 as a society to operate Buddhist temples.

Thus begins the chapter of Thekchen Choling (Malaysia) Melaka Centre, operating on a rented premise at 8 and 8A, Jalan Laksamana Cheng Ho. It started operations from 10 November 2012.

=== Thekchen Choling Malaysia (Kota Tinggi) ===
[[File:Kota Tinggi Meditation Center at Tai Hong Village.jpg|left|thumb|Kota Tinggi Meditation Center at Tai Hong Village]]
[[File:Largest 1000-Armed Chenrezig (Avalokitesvara) in Southeast Asia.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Largest 1000-Armed Chenrezig (Avalokitesvara) in Southeast Asia at 36ft tall]]
In late 2013, a 2-acre piece of land in Kota Tinggi was offered to Rinpoche. This marks the birth of Thekchen Choling Malaysia (Kota Tinggi)

The Palace of 1000-Armed Chenrezig is near completion. Specially commissioned by Namdrol Rinpoche, this magnificent statue of 1000-Armed Chenrezig stands at 36 feet tall and is beautifully adorned with pearls, corals, turquoises and dzi-beads. This statue is the largest representation of Chenresig (or Avalokitesvara) in Tibetan style outside of Tibet and China that has been accurately represented and traditionally filled with tsung under the personal guidance of Kyabje Jhado Rinpoche in the Vajrayana tradition.

The Meditation center is open to devotees for retreats and practices purpose.

=== Thekchen Choling Syracuse ===
On the auspicious day of the 29th day of the eighth lunar month of the Wooden Horse year (22 October 2014), Thekchen Choling USA (Syracuse) - a new temple for the cultivation and practice of Buddhadarma located at 128 N. Warren Street, Syracuse, New York 13202, USA, was officially established.

Thekchen Choling USA (Syracuse) is the latest temple formed under the auspice of the Namdrol Labrang, the latter of which oversees a family of organizations that include Thekchen Choling (Singapore), Thekchen Choling (Malaysia) and Thekchen Choling Malaysia (Kota Tinggi)

== See also ==
*[[Buddhism in Singapore]]
*[[Tibetan Buddhism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.thekchencholing.org/ Thekchen Choling (Singapore) website]
{{Portal|Singapore}}

*[http://www.thekchencholing.us/syr/ Thekchen Choling (Syracuse) website]
{{Buddhism in Singapore}}

[[Category:Buddhist organisations based in Singapore]]
[[Category:Annual events in Singapore]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Singapore]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Singapore]]

Premalu Pellillu

2026-03-03T21:47:55Z

Geri3389994518: creating a post

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Premalu Pellillu
| image = Premalu Pellillu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Acharya Aatreya]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = madireddy sulochana
| screenplay = V. Madhusudhana Rao
| producer = D. Bhaskara Rao
| director = [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Jayalalithaa]] [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography = P. S. Selvaraj
| editing = K. A. Marthand Narasimha Rao
| studio = Sri Ananta Lakshmi Art Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1974|1|12}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Premalu Pellillu''''' ({{Translation|Love stories and marriages}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language drama film, produced by D. Bhaskara Rao under the Sri Ananta Lakshmi Art Pictures banner and directed by [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Jayalalithaa]], and [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] with music composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].

==Plot==
Dr. Madhu is an idealist who holds high societal esteem. He loves & knits vainglory spendthrift Indira, for which his orthodox mother is half-hearted. Plus, a rift always arises between them because of divergent customs. Besides, an upright Raghavaiah resides in a village with his wife Janaki, son Mohan, and niece Anuradha / Radha. Raghavaiah desires to espouse Mohan with Anuradha despite the refusal of greedy Janaki. Once, Radha fractures her leg, and Madhu treats her. Next to Radha is Malathi, the daughter of a tycoon joins who is crippled in an accident. It severely declines her, whom Mohan consoles. From there, he becomes a frequent to her, and she yearns to wedlock him. Being materialistic, Mohan accepts it, which Raghavaiah enrages, but Janaki vocalizes her support, and Mohan bonds with Malathi. Following this agony, Radha walks to the town for a post, where she befriends Madhu’s cousin Saroja.

Time passed, and God blessed Madhu’s couple with two kids, but Indira’s sumptuous mindset remained the same, which he silently bears. Slowly, she dumps him into colossal debt & mortification. She also detests her progeny, not any beloved feelings, and disdains her mother-in-law. Things get worse when Madhu freaks out, and as a result, they file for a divorce. Heartache Madhu gets addicted to narcotic injections. Consequently, Radha arrives via Saroja, who revives his disintegrated family and showers motherly affection to the infants. Ergo, Madhu’s mother, wants to carry deuterogamy to her son. Madhu stipulates to Radha that she shall be a mother to his kids, not his spouse, to which she agrees, and they splice. From there, Radha adores her husband and strives to reform him despite his rebukes & discards.

Mohan is obsessed with wealth and overlooks his parents when Radha aids them, which makes Janaki regretful. Moreover, Raghavaiah turned terminally ill, and when Madhu was diagnosed, to underwent surgery. Just before he encounters Indira, who mocks him as impaired, Madhu again takes sedation. However, Radha, with her grit, enlightens him regardless of being beaten to death when his integrity emanates. Forthwith, he sets foot for Radha after accomplishing surgery, seeks pardon, and wholeheartedly receives her as his better half. Apart from this, Mohan continuously pesters Malathi for his luxuries, which her father withholds. So, he hustles for divorce and approaches Madhu for a fake certificate, being unbeknownst. Whereat, he detects and rectifies him with Radha and reunites the pair.

Meanwhile, remorseful Indira eats humble pie, craves for her children, and steps up when Radha conceives. Indira implores Radha to spend two days with the kiddies, which she approves in the absence of Madhu. Anyhow, they cannot stand in that atmosphere and abscond. Concurrently, Madhu returns to chastise Radha, which throws her into labor. Now Madhu & Indira hasten for the children. At last, Indira sacrifices her life while guarding them, and they admit her as a mother at the last breath. Finally, the movie ends happily with Radha delivering a baby girl.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Dr. Madhu
*[[Jayalalithaa]] as Indira / Indu
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Anuradha
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Raghavaiah
*[[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]] as Dr. Raghu
*[[Sreedhar]] as Mohan
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Paul
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Sundar
*[[Sakshi Ranga Rao]] as Priest
*Bhanu Prakash as Malathi's father
*[[G. Varalakshmi]] as Madhu's mother
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Saroja
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Puppy
*Sandhya Rani as Malathi
*Jhansi as Mallamma
*[[Baby Rani]]
*[[Nirmalamma]] as Janaki
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Premalu Pellillu
| type = film
| artist = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1974
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 21:44
| label =
| producer = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]]. Music released on Audio Company.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://indiancine.ma/document/CDU/1|title=ప్రేమలు పెళ్లిళ్లు|publisher=Sri Padmanabha|year=1974|location=[[Vijayawada]]|trans-title=Loves Weddings|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805194713/https://indiancine.ma/document/CDU/1|url-status=live}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Chiliki Chiliki"
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]
|[[V. Ramakrishna]], [[P. Susheela]]
|4:34
|-
|2
|"Manasulu Murise"
|[[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu|Dasaradhi]]
|V. Ramakrishna, P. Susheela
|3:59
|-
|3
|"Evaru Neevu Nee Roopamedi"
|[[Acharya Aatreya]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], P. Susheela
|4:45
|-
|4
|"Evarunnaru Papa"
|Dasaradhi
|P. Susheela
|4:02
|-
|5
|"Manasu Leni Devudu"
|Acharya Aatreya
|V. Ramakrishna
|4:24
|}

==Reception==
On 25 January 1974, Griddaluru Gopalrao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' gave a mixed review for the film. He termed it watchable, but criticized the poorly made romantic scenes and humour.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gopalrao|first=Griddaluru|date=25 January 1974|title=అసహజ ప్రేమసన్నివేశాలు, అధ్వాన్నపు హాస్యం మినహాయిస్తే చూడక్కని చిత్రం: ప్రేమలు - పెళ్లిళ్లు|language=te|trans-title=A must-see movie with the exception of unnatural love scenes and worst comedy: Loves - Weddings|page=6|work=[[Zamin Ryot]]|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1974/Jan/25-jan-1974.pdf|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220160952/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1974/Jan/25-jan-1974.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Andhra Jyothi]]'' critic Bharadwaja in his review dated 14 January 1974 appreciated the performances and the soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bharadwaja|date=14 January 1974|title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: ప్రేమలు - పెళ్లిళ్లు|language=te|trans-title=Movie review: Loves - Weddings|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/document/IJU/749,489,2550,1314|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805194715/https://indiancine.ma/document/IJU/749,489,2550,1314|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt0332729}}

{{V. Madhusudhana Rao}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1974 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]

Lakheshwar Baghel

2026-02-22T17:48:08Z

Geri3389994518:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox Indian politician
| office = Deputy Leader of Oppsition [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = {{Start date|df=y|2026|2|20}}
| term_end =
| leader = [[Charan Das Mahant]]
| successor =
| office2 = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor2 = Shubhau Kashyap
| term_start2 = 2013
| profession = Politician
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| constituency2 = [[Bastar Assembly constituency|Bastar]]
}}

'''Lakheshwar Baghel''' (born 1969)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is an MLA from [[Bastar Assembly constituency]], which is a reserved constituency for Scheduled Tribes community, in Bastar district. He won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakheshwar Baghel, INC Candidate from Bastar Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/chhattisgarh/lakheshwar-baghel-s26aed2008a085e2023c002/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Bastar Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Baghel Lakheshwar Wins From Bastar |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bastar-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-jcc-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-news-1647421 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Baghel is from [[Bastar district|Bastar]], Chhattisgarh. He is the son of later Duryodhan Baghel. He completed his graduation in arts in 1981 at Government Post Graduate College, Jagdalpur, which is affiliated with Pandit Ravishankar University, Raipur.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lakheshwar Baghel(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- BASTAR (ST)(BASTAR (JAGDALPUR)) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=19 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Baghel won from Bastar Assembly constituency representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 68,401 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Maniram Kashyap of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 6,434 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Bastar, Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Bastar सीट पर INC ने हासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/bastar-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830674-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Subhau Kashyap of the BJP, by a margin of 19,168 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bastar (ST) assembly election results 2023: Bastar (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh/bastar-st-assembly-result-26085 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He retained the seat in the [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Kashyap again, by a bigger margin of 33.471 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bastar Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Lakheshwar Baghel of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bastar-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8688024.html |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He won for the third consecutive time in 2023 election.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baghel, Lakheshwar}}

[[Category: 1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:People from Bastar district]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]

Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam

2026-02-17T12:42:41Z

Geri3389994518: new first details added tags - done

{{Multiple issues|
{{unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=February 2026}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox writer 
| image = Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam Aranakatte
| honorific_suffix =
| caption = Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1976|8|18}}
| birth_place = [[Hiriyur]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Karnataka]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Teacher|director|actor}}
| alma_mater = [[Bangalore University]]
| period =
| genre = Short Stories
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Burma Express, Ceylon Cycle
| spouse = Divya S
| children = Akshara Zen, Ivanka Zen
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam''' is an Indian author, filmmaker, and journalist, primarily known for his contributions to Kannada and Tamil literature and short films. His literary works, which explore themes of immigrant life, dislocation, and post-modern existence, include the Kannada short story collection ''Ceylon Cycle'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj |first1=K. Sundara |title=The journey of migration |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-journey-of-migration/article22418704.ece |work=The Hindu |date=11 January 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> which won the ''U R Ananthamurthy Award'', and his acclaimed Tamil novel, ''Al Khozama'', a winner of the ''Zero Degree Publication Novel Prize''.<ref>{{cite web |title=ZDP Award 2021 Novel Winners |url=https://www.zerodegreepublishing.com/collections/zdp-award-2021 |website=Zero Degree Publishing |language=en}}</ref> As a filmmaker, his short film, "Burma Express,"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9053550/|title=Burma Express|via=IMDb}}</ref> was recognized with the Best Short Film award at the South Asian International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saiff.org/2018/films/burma-express/|title=Burma Express}}</ref>

==Career==
Kanakaraj started as Journalist in 2001 working with Aakruthi, Kannada Magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aakrutikannada.com/,%20https://aakrutikannada.com|title=ಸೃಜನಶೀಲ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದೆ | ಇದು ಜಗತ್ತಿನ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರಿಗಾಗಿ|date=June 30, 2020|website=aakrutikannada.com}}</ref>

He taught English literature at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://faculty.psau.edu.sa/en/psau/facultymember/7523|title=Faculty Members | Faculty Members|website=faculty.psau.edu.sa}}</ref> In 2025, he initiated Nelaa, a cultural foundation that promotes Indian Dance, Music and Art forms among non-resident Indian's.

==Author==
Kanakaraj worked under the tutelage of Writer, Director [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar|Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]].He was assistant director to Nagathihalli Chandrashekar.

In 2017, he published Kannada Short Story Collection Ceylon Cycle. It received UR Ananathamurthy award from Shivamogga Kannada Sangha adn was reviewed well in literary circles.

His middles have been published in leading Kannada Newspapers like Prajavani, Kannada Prabha & periodicals like Mayura.

He's active in the literary competitions and has won quite a few awards for his short stories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.thehindustangazette.com/crime/kanakaraj-debuts-in-international-story-competition-8001|title=ಅನಿವಾಸಿ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಅಂತಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಥಾ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕನಕರಾಜ್ ಪ್ರಥಮ - The Hindustan Gazette Kannada|date=February 25, 2021}}</ref>
Kanakaraj has translated works of Tamil Authors like [[Imayam (writer)|Imayam]], [[Indira Parthasarathy]] into Kannada. He has translated works of [[Devanur Mahadeva]] into Tamil.

His published works in Kannada are:
* Ceylon Cycle 2017 {{ISBN|978-93-81920-84-8}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-journey-of-migration/article22418704.ece|title=The journey of migration|first=K. Sundara|last=Raj|date=January 11, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* Zorbana rekhkhe naanu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naanugauri.com/rahamat-tarikeres-note-on-to-be-published-compilation-of-essays-zorbana-rekke-haadu/|title='ಜ಼ೋರ್ಬಾನ ರೆಕ್ಕೆ ನಾನು': ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಪ್ರಜ್ಞೆಯನ್ನು ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಬಂಧಗಳು|first=ಪ್ರೊ ರಹಮತ್|last=ತರೀಕೆರೆ|date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>
* Bhagyala Thande {{ISBN|978-93-84501-57-0}}
* Aurangazeb {{ISBN|978-93-87592-52-0}}

Kanakaraj has also published works in Tamil, notable among them are:
* Al Khozama {{ISBN|978-93-95233-26-2}} explores lives of Arab Bedouins and Indian expatriates. It won the Zero Degree Publication Novel Prize 2021 <ref>{{cite web | title=கனகராஜ் பாலசுப்பிரமணியம் | website=YouTube | date=2024-03-06 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f_1k0kC_aM | access-date=2025-11-02}}{{User-generated inline|date=November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zerodegreepublishing.com/products/al-khozama-kanakaraj-balasubramanyam|title=Al Khozama- Kanakaraj Balasubramanyam|website=Zero Degree Publishing 1}}</ref>
* Palaivanaththi Aindham Suvar {{ISBN|978-93-91994-18-1}}
* Nila Nigazhangal

==Film Making==
Kanakaraj assisted [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar|Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]] in his movie ventures. In 2018, he directed a Short film Burma Express,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saiff.org/2018/films/burma-express/|title=Burma Express|via=saiff.org}}</ref> which was awarded Best Short film in 2018 edition of [[ISAFF|South Asian International Film Festival]]. His movie 99 was featured in 2024 Dasara Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starofmysore.com/10-short-films-selected-for-dasara-film-festival/|title=10 short films selected for Dasara Film Festival|date=September 20, 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balasubramanyam, Kanakaraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Mangarh massacre

2026-02-13T09:10:08Z

Geri3389994518: new a info - done

{{Short description|Massacre in British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}

The '''Mangarh massacre''' occurred on 17 November 1913, when British troops attacked the stronghold of [[Govindgiri|Govindgiri Banjara]] at the end of the [[Bhil]] Revolt.<ref name="Vashishtha-1991">{{Cite journal|last=Vashishtha |first=Vijay Kumar |date=1991 |title=The Bhil Revolt of 1913 Under Guru Govindgiri Among the Bhils of Southern Rajasthan and its Impact |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=52 |pages=522–527 |jstor=44142651 }}</ref> It occurred on a hillock in the [[Mangarh Hills]] of [[Rajasthan]]. There are no accurate figures for the number of Bhil, Banjara who were killed, but estimates range from "several Bhils died"<ref name="Sehgal-1974">{{Cite book |last=Sehgal |first=K. K. |year=1974 |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers: Banswara |publisher=Directorate, District Gazetteers |location=Jaipur |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.117119/page/n47/mode/1up 34] |url=https://ia804706.us.archive.org/32/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.117119/2015.117119.Rajasthan--Distict-Gazetteer-Of--Banswara.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to the oral tradition that 1,500 Banjara tribals were killed.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Mahurkar |first=Uday |date=30 November 1999 |title=Descendants of Mangad massacare seek recognition for past tragedy |magazine=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/20120910-jallianwala-bagh-in-gujarat-brutal-tribal-massacre-gujarat-rajasthan-border-759622-1999-11-30 }}</ref>

== Background ==
Govindgiri Banjara was a social and religious reformer among the tribes (''[[adivasi]]'') of the Rajasthan and [[Gujarat]] areas of India.<ref name="Natani-1998">{{Cite book|last=Natani |first=Prakash Narayan |year=1998 |script-title=hi:राजस्थान का स्वाधीनता आंदोलन |trans-title=Independence Movement of Rajasthan |language=hi |publisher=Granth Vikas |location=Jaipur |pages=54–58 |oclc=40163902 }}</ref> He had run afoul of the local [[princely state]] rulers, notably [[Sant State|Sunth]], [[Banswara State|Banswara]], [[Idar State|Idar]], and [[Dungarpur State|Dungarpur]] because of his critique of the Indian hierarchy and its exploitation of the ''adivasi'', and the subsequent social disruptions by his followers that his doctrines caused.<ref name="Vashishtha-1991" /><ref name="Natani-1998" />

== October–November 1913 ==
Fleeing from an attempt by the ruler of Idar State to capture Govindgiri, Govindgiri Banjara and his adherents formed a defensive position on a hillock in the [[Mangarh Hills]] on the borders of the princely states of Banswara and Sunth.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /> On 31 October, some of his followers attacked the police outpost at
Gadhran, looted it, killed one police constable and took another officer captive.<ref name="Parmar-1922">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu|title=The Rewakantha Directory|last=Parmar |first=Ladhabhai Harji |publisher=Parmar Press |year=1922 |location=Rajkot |page=[https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/25 25–26] }}</ref> On 1 November, some of his followers unsuccessfully attacked the Parbatgadh fort in Sunth.<ref name="Parmar-1922" /> Meanwhile, bands of Bhil from the Mangarh Hills were attacking and looting local villages in both Sunth and Banswara.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /><ref name="Parmar-1922" /> Police were dispatched from both Banswara and Sunth to end the assembly, but negotiations failed.<ref name="Parmar-1922" /> So the rulers sought a military solution.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /><ref name="Parmar-1922" /> Units of [[Imperial Service Troops]] and the [[Mewar Bhil Corps]] besieged the hillock.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /> On 12 November 1913, Govindgiri and his deputy Punja Pargi (aka Punja Dhirji) sent a delegation to the British with their list of grievances, "but negotiations did not take place."<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /> However, the commanding officer did give the delegation an ultimatum: Disband before 15 November. The Bhil stood firm and stayed. On 17 November 1913, the Indian and British forces attacked the Bhil defensive works, and captured Govindgiri Banjara and his deputy Punja Pargi<ref name="Parmar-1922" /> as well as 900 prisoners.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" />

== Mangarh Dham ==
[[File:Mangargh-banswara-Rajasthan-5.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Mangarhdham Monument]]
A monument was built on the hillock honouring the victims of the massacre.<ref name="Meena">{{Cite news|last=Meena |first=Mohrsinh |newspaper=BBC News ગુજરાતી |date=15 August 2021 |script-title=gu:માનગઢ : ગુજરાતની સરહદે થયેલો એ નરસંહાર જે 'જલિયાંવાલા બાગ'થી પણ મોટો ગણાય છે |trans-title=Mangarh: The genocide on the border of Gujarat which is considered bigger than 'Jallianwala Bagh' |publisher=BBC News |language=gu |url=https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/india-58187109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815153216/https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/india-58187109 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2022, it was declared a national monument.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Priyanka |date=4 November 2022 |title=PM Modi Declared Mangarh Dham National Monument |publisher=Current Affairs Section of Adda247 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/pm-modi-declared-mangarh-dham-national-monument/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104125930/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/pm-modi-declared-mangarh-dham-national-monument/ |archive-date=4 November 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, plans were begun to put a Tribal Freedom Struggle Museum there as well.<ref name="Khaskhabar">{{Cite news|script-title=hi:बांसवाड़ा के मानगढ़ धाम में राष्ट्रीय जनजाति संग्रहालय के लिए भूमि प्रत्यावर्तन को मंजूरी |trans-title=Approval for repatriation of land for National Tribal Museum at Mangarh Dham in Banswara |language=hi |date=17 October 2017 |newspaper=Khaskhabar |url=https://www.khaskhabar.com/local/rajasthan/banswara-news/news-banswara-news--approval-of-land-repatriation-for-the-national-tribal-museum-in-mangarh-dham-of-banswara-news-hindi-1-264815-KKN.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028022317/https://www.khaskhabar.com/local/rajasthan/banswara-news/news-banswara-news--approval-of-land-repatriation-for-the-national-tribal-museum-in-mangarh-dham-of-banswara-news-hindi-1-264815-KKN.html |archive-date=28 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The museum was completed in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Tribal Freedom Struggle Museum Mangadham, Banswara |date=11 July 2022 |publisher=Rajasthan Heritage Protection Promotion Authority |url=https://artandculture.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/art-and-culture/rajasthan-heritage-protection---promotion-authority/en/heritage-projects/completed/rjsssmb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716193610/https://artandculture.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/art-and-culture/rajasthan-heritage-protection---promotion-authority/en/heritage-projects/completed/rjsssmb.html |archive-date=16 July 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Name and legacy ==
At the time of the Mangarh massacre little note was made of it,<ref name="Meena" /><ref name="Vashishtha-1991" /><ref name="Firstpost">{{Cite news|title=Adivasi Jallianwala Bagh: The Mangarh massacre of 1913 that PM Modi spoke of in Rajasthan |date=2 November 2022 |newspaper=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/adivasi-jallianwala-bagh-the-mangarh-massacre-of-1913-that-pm-modi-spoke-of-in-rajasthan-11554721.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108135510/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/adivasi-jallianwala-bagh-the-mangarh-massacre-of-1913-that-pm-modi-spoke-of-in-rajasthan-11554721.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> in part because the victims were mere tribesmen, and details only appeared in local or regional documents.<ref name="Sehgal-1974" /> However as [[Hindutva|Indian nationalism]] grew, so did interest in past injustices,<ref name="Patnaik-1993">{{Cite journal |last=Patnaik |first=Prabhat |year=1993 |title=Fascism of our times |journal=Social Scientist |volume=21 |issue=3/4 |pages=69–77 |doi=10.2307/3517631 |jstor=3517631 }}</ref> with the 1919 [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] taking center stage.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=Rajesh |year=2019 |title=Martyrdom to Freedom: 100 Years of Jallianwala Bagh |location=New Delhi |publisher=Rupa for the Tribune Trust |isbn=978-93-5333-461-1 }}</ref> As a result, the Mangarh massacre was often referred to as the '''Adivasi Jallianwala Bagh'''<ref name="Firstpost" /> or the '''Jallianwala Bagh of Vagad'''<ref name="Khaskhabar" /> in reference to the better known one.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

{{Coord|23|21|01|N|73|59|12.5|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Bhil]]
[[Category:Massacres in British India]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1913]]
[[Category:20th century in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1913]]
[[Category:1913 murders in India]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:November 1913 in Asia]]
[[Category:Crime in Rajasthan]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{Massacre-stub}}

Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai

2026-02-12T02:53:55Z

Geri3389994518: updated

{{Short description|Indian mathematician (1901–1950)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai
|image = S.S. Pillai.jpg
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = 5 April 1901
|birth_place = [[Vallam]], [[British India]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]], India)<ref name="The Hindu"/>
|death_date = {{death date and age text|31 August 1950|5 April 1901}}
|death_place = [[Cairo]], Egypt
|residence =
|citizenship =
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Mathematics]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[Scott Christian College]], [[Nagercoil]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = {{plainlist|1=
*[[Pillai's conjecture]]
*[[Pillai's arithmetical function]]
*[[Pillai prime]]
*[[Pillai sequence]]
}}
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}

'''Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai''' (5 April 1901 – 31 August 1950) was an Indian [[mathematician]] specialising in number theory. His contribution to [[Waring's problem]] was described in 1950 by [[K. S. Chandrasekharan]] as "almost certainly his best piece of work and one of the very best achievements in Indian Mathematics since [[Srinivasa Ramanujan|Ramanujan]]".<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|title=An outstanding mathematician|url=http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/05/10/stories/08100007.htm|access-date=14 July 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161721/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/05/10/stories/08100007.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>

==Biography==
Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai was born to parents Subbayya Pillai and Gomati Ammal. His mother died a year after his birth and his father when Pillai was in his last year at school.<ref name="The Hindu" />

Pillai did his intermediate course and B.Sc. Mathematics in the [[Scott Christian College]] at [[Nagercoil]]<ref name="The Hindu" /> and managed to earn a B.A. degree from [[University College Trivandrum|Maharaja's college, Trivandrum]].<ref name="Dasgupta2011">{{cite book|author=Uma Dasgupta|title=Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, C. 1784–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrx3wLz4itkC&pg=PA702|accessdate=14 July 2013|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2818-5|page=702}}</ref>

In 1927, Pillai was awarded a research fellowship at the [[University of Madras]] to work among professors [[K. Ananda Rau]] and [[Ramaswamy S. Vaidyanathaswamy]]. He was from 1929 to 1941 at [[Annamalai University]] where he worked as a lecturer. It was in [[Annamalai University]] that he did his major work in [[Waring's problem]].<ref name="Dasgupta2011" /> In 1941 he went to the [[University of Travancore]] and a year later to the [[University of Calcutta]] as a lecturer (where he was at the invitation of [[Friedrich Wilhelm Levi]]).<ref name="Narasimhan">[[Raghavan Narasimhan]] The coming of age of mathematics in India, in Michael Atiyah u.a. Miscellanea Mathematica, Springer Verlag 1991, S. 250f</ref>

For his achievements he was invited in August 1950, for a year to visit the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], Princeton, United States. He was also invited to participate in the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] at [[Harvard University]] as a delegate of the [[Madras University]] but he died during the crash of [[TWA Flight 903]] in Egypt on the way to the conference.<ref name="Alladi2013">{{cite book|first=Krishnaswami|last=Alladi|authorlink= Krishnaswami Alladi |title=Ramanujan's Place in the World of Mathematics: Essays Providing a Comparative Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLNJDylP53QC&pg=PA42|accessdate=14 July 2013|year=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-81-322-0767-2|page=42}}</ref>

==Contributions==
He proved the [[Waring's problem]] for <math>k\ge 6</math> in 1935<ref name="Thangadurai">{{cite web |title=S. S. Pillai |url=http://www.geocities.com/thangadurai_kr/PILLAI.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019185336/http://geocities.com/thangadurai_kr/PILLAI.html |archive-date=19 October 2009 }}</ref> under the further condition of <math>(3^k + 1)/(2^k - 1)\le [1.5^k] + 1</math> ahead of [[Leonard Eugene Dickson]] who around the same time proved it for <math>k\ge 7.</math><ref>{{cite book|title=Number Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkBSfFjT1BgC&pg=PA95|accessdate=15 July 2013|year=2003|publisher=Universities Press|isbn=978-81-7371-454-2|pages=95–}}</ref>

He showed that <math>g(k) = 2^k + l - 2</math> where <math>l</math> is the largest natural number <math>\le (3/2)^k</math> and hence computed the precise value of <math>g(6) = 73</math>.<ref name="Thangadurai" />

The [[Pillai sequence]] 1, 4, 27, 1354, ..., is a quickly growing [[integer sequence]] in which each term is the sum of the previous term and a [[prime number]] whose following [[prime gap]] is larger than the previous term. It was studied by Pillai in connection with representing numbers as sums of prime numbers.<ref>{{Cite OEIS|A066352|name=Pillai sequence}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian number theorists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Madras]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Annamalai University]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1950]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Egypt]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Santu Mukherjee

2026-02-11T07:09:31Z

Geri3389994518: created a info from scratch...

{{Short description|Bengali actor (1951–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Santu Mukherjee
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Ramananda Mukherjee
| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|01|13|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|03|11|1951|01|13|df=yes}}
| other_names = Santu Mukhopadhyay
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| spouse = Gopa Mukhopadhyay (''née'' Mitra)
| children = [[Swastika Mukherjee|Swastika]] and Ajopa
}}

'''Santu Mukherjee''' (13 January 1951 – 11 March 2020) was an Indian actor who worked in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref name="main details">{{cite web|title=Santu Mukhopadhyay details|url=http://www.gomolo.com/about-santu-mukhopadhyay/1115|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=27 August 2013|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109091627/http://www.gomolo.com/about-santu-mukhopadhyay/1115|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=filmography>{{cite web|title=Santu Mukhopadhyay filmography|url=http://www.gomolo.com/santu-mukhopadhyay-movies-list-filmography/1115|publisher=Gomolo|access-date=27 August 2013|archive-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101234641/http://www.gomolo.com/santu-mukhopadhyay-movies-list-filmography/1115|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the father of actress [[Swastika Mukherjee]]. His younger brother, Sumanta Mukherjee, is also an actor.

== Early life and biography ==
Santu Mukherjee was born on 13 January 1951 in [[Kolkata]]. He attended the Mitra Institution at [[Bhowanipore]] at a primary level and later, joined the Padmapukur Institution at [[Sarat Bose Road]], from where he passed his [[Higher Secondary Examination]]. He soon dropped out from studies and took dance lessons from Gopal Bhattacharya. He also learned [[Rabindra Sangeet]].

He went to renowned director [[Tapan Sinha]], seeking a role in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali films]]. In 1975, Sinha launched him as an actor in the film ''Raja''. Subsequent to his cinematic breakthrough, he worked in both theater and films. His last film was ''[[Sanjhbati]]''.

Mukherjee died on 11 March 2020 from cardiac arrest at his South Kolkata residence; he had been suffering from cancer for a long time.<ref name = "khaboronline">{{cite web|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/news/state/santu-mukherjee-passes-away/|title=মারা গেলেন অভিনেতা সন্তু মুখোপাধ্যায়|website=www.khaboronline.com|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Director
|-
| rowspan="2"|1975
| ''[[Sansar Simante]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]]
|-
| ''Raja''
|
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|1976
| ''[[Harmonium]] ''
|
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
|-
| ''[[Chander Kachhakachhi]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]], Sachin Mukherjee, Dilip Mukherjee
|-
| rowspan="6"|1977
| ''[[Shesh Raksha]]''
|
| Shankar Bhattacharya
|-
| ''[[Pratishruti]]''
|
| Pinaki Mukherjee
|-
| ''[[Pratima (1977 film)|Pratima]]''
|
| Palash Bandyopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Nayan (film)|Nayan]]''
|
| Sukhen Das
|-
| ''[[Asadharan]]''
| Bimal
| Salil Sen
|-
| ''[[Jaal Sannyasi]]''
|
| Salil Sen
|-
| rowspan="4"|1978
| ''[[Tusi]]''
|
| Guru Bagchi
|-
| ''[[Striker (1978 film)|Striker]]''
|
| Archan Chakraborty
|-
| ''[[Maan Abhiman]]''
|
| [[Sukhen Das]]
|-
| ''[[Jatayu]]''
|
| Uttarsuri
|-
| rowspan="6"|1979
| ''[[Parichoy]]''
|
| Nirmal Mitra
|-
| ''[[Pampa]]''
|
| Pradip Bhattacharya
|-
| ''[[Ganadevata (film)|Ganadevata]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]]
|-
| ''[[Chirantan]]''
|
| Guru Bagchi
|-
| ''[[Banabasar]]''
|
| Sushil Mukhopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Devdas (1979 film)|Devdas]]''
|
| Dilip Roy
|-
| rowspan="6"|1980
| ''[[Shesh Bichar]]''
|
| Bimal Roy Jr.
|-
| ''[[Parabesh]]''
|
| Kalpataru
|-
| ''[[Byapika Biday]]''
|
| Archan Chakraborty
|-
| ''[[Boro Bhai]]''
|
| Sushil Mukhopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Bichar]]''
|
| Ajit Gangopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Pankhiraj]]''
|
| Piyush Bose
|-
| rowspan="5"|1981
| ''[[Swami Stree]]''
|
| Guru Bagchi
|-
| ''[[Nyay Anyay]]''
|
| Sukhen Das
|-
| ''[[Maa Bipattarin Chandi]]''
|
| Amar Bhattacharya
|-
| ''[[Khana Baraha]]''
| Mihir (Baraha's Son)
| Bijoy Bose
|-
| ''[[Kalankini Kankabati]]''
| Raghubir
| [[Uttam Kumar]]
|-
| rowspan="6"|1982
| ''[[Uttar Meleni]]''
|
| Uday Bhattacharya
|-
| ''[[Pratiksha (film)|Pratiksha]]''
|
| Bimal Roy Jr.
|-
| ''[[Prafulla]]''
|
| Sujoy Dutta
|-
| ''[[Malancha]]''
|
| [[Purnendu Patri]]
|-
| ''[[Faisala]]''
|
| [[Raja]]
|-
| ''[[Bodhan]]''
|
| Amal Dutta
|-
| rowspan="5"|1983
| ''[[Utsarga]]''
|
| Tapan Saha
|-
| ''[[Sansarer Itikatha]]''
|
| Aravind Mukherjee
|-
| ''[[Muktir Din]]''
|
| Jayanta Purkayastha
|-
| ''[[Jabanbondi]]''
|
| Pranab Bandyopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Abhinoy Noy]]''
| Bhola/Bikram
| Archan Chakraborty
|-
| rowspan="4"|1984
| ''[[Uncle]]''
|
| Surajit Chowdhury
|-
| ''[[Shilalipi]]''
|
| Palash Bandyopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Lalita (1984 film)|Lalita]]''
|
| Tapan Chowdhury
|-
| ''[[Dadamoni]]''
|
| [[Sujit Guha]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|1985
| ''[[Tagari]]''
|
| Ajit Gangopadhyay
|-
| ''[[Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (1985 film)|Bhalobasa Bhalobasa]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]]
|-
| ''[[Baikunther Will]]''
|
| Sushil Mukhopadhyay
|-
| rowspan="2"|1986
| ''[[Urbashi]]''
|
| [[Salil Dutta]]
|-
| ''[[Prem Bandhan (1986 film)|Prem Bandhan]]''
|
| Rathish Dey Sarkar
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1987
| ''[[Bidrohi (1987 film)|Bidrohi]]''
|
| [[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|1988
| ''[[Surer Sathi]]''
|
| Tapan Saha
|-
| ''[[Punarmilan]]''
|
| Jayanta Bose
|-
| ''[[Parashmoni]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|1989
| ''[[Bandhabi]]''
|
| Shankar Bhattacharya
|-
| rowspan="2"|1993
| ''[[Iswar Parameswar]]''
|
| Bablu Samaddar
|-
| ''[[Garam Bhat]]''
|
| Dilip Roy
|-
| rowspan="1"|1994
| ''[[Sandhyatara]]''
|
| [[Prabhat Roy]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|1995
| ''[[Sujan Sakhi]]''
|
| Swapan Saha
|-
| rowspan="1"|1997
| ''[[Samadhan]]''
|
| Narayan Ghosh
|-
| rowspan="3"|1998
| ''[[Raja Rani Badsha]]''
|
| [[Haranath Chakraborty]]
|-
| ''[[Putra Badhu]]''
|
| Pallab Ghosh
|-
| ''[[Manush Manusher Janya]]''
|
| Niranjan Dey
|-
| rowspan="3"|1999
| ''[[Tumi Ele Tai]]''
|
| [[Prabhat Roy]]
|-
| ''[[Niyoti]]''
|
| Bablu Samaddar
|-
| ''[[Khelaghar]]''
|
| [[Prabhat Roy]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|2000
| ''[[Parichay (2000 film)|Parichay]]''
|
| Bidesh Sarkar
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001
| ''[[Suorani Duorani]]''
|
| Ladli Mukherjee
|-
| ''[[Shesh Bichar]]''
|
| Sukhen Das
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003
| ''[[Hemanter Pakhi]]''
|
| Urmi Chakraborty
|-
| ''[[Arjun Aamar Naam]]''
|
| Prabir Nandi
|-
| rowspan="3"|2004
| ''[[Waarish]]''
|
| [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
| ''Samudra Sakshi''
|
| Dulal Dey
|-
| ''Dwitio Paksha''
|
| [[Ananya Chatterjee]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|2005
| ''Agnipath''
|
| [[Sujit Guha]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|2007
| ''[[Banobhumi]]''
|
| Swapan Ghoshal
|-
| rowspan="2"|2008
| ''[[Partner (2008 film)|Partner]]''
| Dasu Bhattacharya
| Shankar Ray
|-
| ''[[Bajimaat]]''
| Subhra's father
| [[Haranath Chakraborty]]
|-
| rowspan="5"|2009
| ''[[Kaalbela]]''
|
| [[Goutam Ghose]]
|-
| ''[[Dhakee]]''
|
| [[Satabdi Roy]]
|-
| ''[[Keno Kichhu Kotha Bolo Na]]''
| Banjara Old Man
| [[Swapan Saha]]
|-
| ''[[Brake Fail]]''
| Nikhilesh
| [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
| ''[[saptosur]]''
|
| Shankar Ray
|-
| rowspan="3"|2010
| ''[[Besh Korechhi Prem Korechhi]]''
|
| Narayan Roy
|-
| ''[[Ganyer Meye Sovona]]''
|
| Amit Chakraborty
|-
| ''[[Target: The Final Mission]]''
| Shubhankar's father
| Raja Chanda
|-
| rowspan="1"|2011
| ''[[Aamio Nebo Challenge]]''
|
| Mastar Mosai
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| ''[[Jaal (2012 film)|Jaal]]''
| Rai's father
| Amit Samanta
|-
| ''[[E Sudhu Aamar Gaan]]''
| Rani's father
| Shankar Ray
|-
| rowspan="1"|2013
| ''Sweet Heart''
| Animesh (Mimi's father)
| Prodip Saha
|-
| rowspan="1"|2015
| Family Album
| (Swastika's father)
| Mainak Bhaumik
|-
| rowspan="1"|2019
| ''[[Sanjhbati]]''
| Chandu's Father
| Leena Gangopadhyay & Saibal Banerjee
|-
|-
| rowspan="1"|2020
| ''[[Karmachakra|Karmachakra: Episode Zero]]''
| Professor Sid (voice)<ref name="আকাঙ্ক্ষা「Karmachakra : Episode Zero」ED">{{cite web |title=আকাঙ্ক্ষা「Karmachakra : Episode Zero」ED「AKANKHA / Rajorshi Basu ft. Rupankar Bagchi, Tanisha, Disha」 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZvvtU1ed-g |website=Youtube |access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>
| Rajorshi Basu
|-
|}

== Television ==
Santu's acting reached its pinnacle when he started acting in the Television serial shows. Some of the popular shows were:
* Keya Patar Nouko
* [[Ishti Kutum]]
* [[Saat Paake Bandha (2010 TV series)|Saat Paake Bandha]] (later replaced by Rohit Mukherjee)
* [[Jol Nupur]]
* [[Kojagori]]
* [[Ichche Nodee]]
* [[Kusum Dola]]
* [[Andarmahal]]
* [[Phagun Bou]]
* [[Mayurpankhi]]
* [[Nokshi Kantha]]
* [[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]] (later replaced by [[Dulal Lahiri]])

==Santu Mukherjee as Singer==
Santu recorded several songs.<ref name= mio>{{cite web|title=Santu Mukhopadhyay|url=https://mio.to/artist/Santu+Mukherjee|accessdate=11 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
In the Bengali movie "''Parabot Priya''" Santu Mukherjee sang a duet song (Rabindra Sangeet) along with co-artist Arundhati Hom Choudhury: "''Amar hridoy tomar apon hater dole''".<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|5GsOQmv5bLk|"আমার হৃদয় "}}; (accessed 11 March 2020)</ref>

In the album "''Ei akashe amar Mukti aloy aloy''" he sang the title song along with his daughter Swastika. His rendition "''Tumi daak diyechho kon sokale''" was mesmerizing.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1372878}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Santu}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]

Shri Dungargarh

2026-02-01T16:47:28Z

Geri3389994518:

{{Sources exist|date=December 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shri Dungargarh
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Dungargarh
| nickname = SDGH
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline = Sri_Dungargarh_Ramkishan_Suthar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shri Dungargarh
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.08|N|74.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[bikaner district|Bikaner]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Dungar Singh]]
| named_for = [[Dungar Singh]]
| government_type = [[List of urban local bodies in Rajasthan|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Shri Dungargarh Municipality<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Dungargarh Municipality |url=https://lsg.rajasthan.gov.in/ulbshridungargarh/ |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 266
| population_total = 53,294
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800463-sridungargarh.html Sri Dungargarh Population Census 2011]. www.census2011.co.in. Government of India.</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bagri, Marwadi language|Bagri,Marwadi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331803
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01565
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|RJ-07]]
| website = {{URL|https://lsg.rajasthan.gov.in/ulbshridungargarh/|Shri Dungargarh Municipality}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shri Dungargarh''' is a city and Tehsil (Sub district) in [[Bikaner district]] in the state of [[Rajasthan]], India. It is situated at 70 km distance from Bikaner City. Shri Dungargarh is located on the [[National Highway 11 (India)|National Highway 11]] connecting [[Jaisalmer]]([[Rajasthan]]) to [[Rewari]]([[Haryana]]).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bikaner district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bikaner district]]

HYDRAA

2026-01-27T03:20:31Z

Geri3389994518: new basic details and citations - done

{{Short description|Statutory body in Hyderabad, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Hyderabad Disaster Response and Asset Protection Agency (HYDRAA)
| native_name =
| formed = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|07|19}}
| jurisdiction = Telangana Core Urban Region (TCUR), including Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), Rangareddy, Medchal Malkajgiri, and Sangareddy districts up to Outer Ring Road (ORR)
| headquarters = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| chief1_name = AV Ranganath, IPS
| chief1_position = Commissioner
| parent_department = Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, [[Government of Telangana]]
| website = 
| footnotes = HYDRAA has three wings: Asset Protection, Disaster Management, and Logistics Support. It is responsible for disaster response, asset protection, encroachment removal, inspection, and coordination with other agencies
}}

'''Hyderabad Disaster Response and Asset Protection Agency''' ('''HYDRAA''') is a [[statutory body]] in [[Hyderabad]] responsible for the protection of public property and disaster management in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-08-16 |title=HYDRA Is Shaking Up Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/hydra-is-shaking-up-hyderabad-900046 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> It was formed in July 2024 by reorganising the city's '''Enforcement Vigilance and Disaster Management Department (EV&DM)'''. Senior [[Indian Police Service]] officer [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector-General]] AV Ranganath was appointed as its [[Commissioner]] the same month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunku |first=Durga Prasad |date=2024-08-26 |title=HYDRAA Chief AV Ranganath: The city's new vigilante and his journey so far |url=https://hyderabadmail.com/hydraa-chief-av-ranganath-vigilante-journey/#:~:text=AV%20Ranganath%20was%20promoted%20to,commissioner%20of%20police%20Hyderabad%20Traffic. |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Hyderabad Mail |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Formation ==
As [[List of chief ministers of Telangana|Chief Minister]], [[Revanth Reddy]] was vocal against residential and commercial builders encroaching on lakes and other public property.

The [[Government of Telangana]] established the agency by way of an order on 19 July 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department |first=Government of Telangana |date=19 July 2024 |title=Establishment of the Hyderabad Disaster Response and Asset Protection Agency (HYDRAA) for TCUR (Telangana Core Urban Region)for the purpose of disaster management, asset protection and other functions |url=https://cdn.prabhanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/G.O.Ms_.No_.99-C.No_.9598-HYDRAA-GO.pdf |access-date=13 October 2024 |website=prabhanews.com}}</ref>

== Composition ==
The HYDRAA consists of three wings; namely, the Asset Protection Wing, Disaster Management Wing and the Logistics Support Wing.<ref name=":0" />

=== Asset Protection Wing ===
The Asset Protection Wing is tasked with protecting government assets and public property such as parks, open spaces, playgrounds, lakes, carriageways, and footpaths and Advertisements from encroaching structures. It coordinates with the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] and the two police forces in the city (the [[Hyderabad City Police]] and [[Cyberabad Police]]) to carry out its duties.<ref name=":0" />

=== Disaster Management Wing ===
The Disaster Management Wing deals with disaster response and operates a Disaster Response Force (DRF) to manage and respond to disasters. It cooperates with national and regional disaster response agencies like the [[National Disaster Response Force]] and the Telangana Disaster Response and Fire Service, the state's fire brigade.<ref name=":0" />

=== Logistics Support Wing ===
The Logistics Support Wing carries out staff recruitment and administrative duties for the agency.<ref name=":0" />

==Police Station==

The Hyderabad Disaster Response and Asset Protection Agency (HYDRAA) inaugurated its first dedicated police station on 8 May 2025, at Buddha Bhavan in Secunderabad. Spread over 10,500 square feet, the station is headed by an Assistant Commissioner of Police and staffed with 6 inspectors, 12 sub-inspectors, and 30 constables specifically deputed to handle cases related to land encroachments, forgery, damage to public property, and disaster response within HYDRAA’s jurisdiction. To support its enforcement and rapid response duties, the station is equipped with a fleet of 70 vehicles, including DCMs, Scorpio cars, and motorcycles. This specialized police station enables quicker registration and investigation of cases involving illegal occupation and damage to government assets such as lakes, parks, roads, and drainage systems.{{fact|date=July 2025}}

The establishment of the '''HYDRAA''' police station strengthens the agency’s mandate to protect public property and prevent urban flooding caused by blocked drainage and encroachments. Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy emphasized the importance of firm action against wealthy encroachers while urging compassion for vulnerable populations affected by removals. He also announced plans to expand the HYDRAA policing system across Telangana, setting up similar stations in all districts to intensify surveillance and enforcement against land-related crimes. This development marks a significant step in Hyderabad’s efforts to safeguard its heritage, improve civic management, and enhance disaster preparedness.<ref>https://munsifdaily.com/cm-revanth-reddy-inaugurates-telanganas-first/</ref>

==Contact==
A [[toll-free number]] '''1070''' has been made available to receive complaints related to HYDRAA.

Additional Helpline Numbers

Residents within the [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad]] limits may report issues related to the protection of government and public property by calling 8712406899. Complaints can also be supplemented with photos or videos via WhatsApp.

In the event of natural disasters such as heavy rainfall, urban flooding, or fire incidents, the public is advised to contact emergency helplines at 8712406901 and 9000113667 for immediate assistance.<ref>https://x.com/JacobBhoompag/status/1962822413571518733</ref>

==Demolition Drives==
On 24th August 2024, HYDRAA demolished the N-Convention owned by Actor [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna ]].<ref>https://newsmeter.in/top-stories/hyderabad-hydraa-demolishes-part-of-n-convention-owned-by-actor-nagarjuna-734715</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Hyderabad, India]]

Indian Skill Development Service

2026-01-20T14:44:05Z

Geri3389994518: new initial stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian Civil Service}}
The '''Indian Skill Development Services''' or '''<nowiki/>'ISDS'''' is one of the gazetted Central Civil Services (technical) under Group 'A' of the executive branch of the Government of India. It's is newest Central service. This service is created for training directorate of [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Yogima Seth |title=Govt inducts first batch of Indian Skill Development Services |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/govt-inducts-first-batch-of-indian-skill-development-services/articleshow/71050646.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Notification of new civil service |url=http://phdcci.in/live_backup/image/data/Research%2520Bureau-2014/Economic%2520Developments/Economic-2017/Jan/Government%2520issues.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjJ9vG8q-L7AhX2xnMBHX15CkAQFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1ZGgmbni-6HKOeQulDucgo |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.phdcci.in }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/centre/govt-gives-nod-for-indian-skill-development-service/articleshow/49266707.cms|title=Government of India notified a new Civil Service|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2015-09-08}}</ref>

==Appointment and cadre==
The appointment to this service is done through Combined [[Engineering Services Examination|Engineering Services Exam]] held every year by [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC) of India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Yogima Seth |title=Govt inducts first batch of Indian Skill Development Services |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/govt-inducts-first-batch-of-indian-skill-development-services/articleshow/71050646.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-11-23}}</ref>

It has 263 all India posts, the cadre comprises 3 post at senior administrative grade while 28 are at junior grade. While 120 posts at Senior Time Scale and 112 posts at Junior Time Scale.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1479935|title=Press release for ISDS|website=Press Information Bureau|date=2017-01-04|author=PIB Delhi}}</ref>

Generally they are inducted through training at [[Administrative Training Institute, Mysore|Administrative Training Institute]], [[Mysore|Mysuru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training For First Batch Of Newest Civil Service 'ISDS' Begins In Mysuru |url=https://www.ndtv.com/jobs/upsc-training-for-1st-batch-of-newest-civil-service-isds-begins-in-mysuru-2098220 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The first batch was inducted in 2019.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=193090|website=PIB|title=The first batch of ISDS inducted|date=2019-09-09}}</ref>

==Area of Work==
* [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship]]
* [[National Skill Development Corporation]]
* Director General of Training
* [[NITI Aayog]]
* [[National Council for Vocational Education and Training]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana]]

==Roles and responsibilities==
The following are the roles and responsibilities of an Indian Skills Development Services Officer,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.msde.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/11/4f71465f72e9f90ff079f76ca2e374a9.pdf|website=Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship|title=Roles and responsibilities of ISDS}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The President call on ISDS probationers|url=https://www.presidentofindia.gov.in/press_releases/probationers-indian-statistical-service-indian-skill-development-service-and-central|website=presidentofindia.gov.in|date=2025-09-30}}</ref>
* Designing skill development policies
* Implementing PM Kaushal Yojana and National Apprentice Programs<ref>{{citation|url=https://sansad.in/getFile/annex/258/AU1714.pdf|title=Assesment of PMKY and ISDS|website = Sansad TV}}</ref>
* Training Institutes for Industrial Training (ITIs) and vocational training centers
* Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in skilling
* Digital & emerging technology skilling

== See also ==
* [[Skill India]]
* [[National Skill Development Corporation]]
* [[List of Indian entrepreneurs]]
* [[National Skill Development Agency]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship]]

Maya Rao

2026-01-12T04:22:58Z

Geri3389994518: new bio

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer and choreographer (1928-2014)}}
{{for|Indian artist and comedian|Maya Krishna Rao}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox dancer
| name = Maya Rao
| image = MayaRaoPic.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| full_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1928|05|02}}
| birth_place = [[Malleswaram]], Bangalore
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|09|01|1928|05|02}}
| death_place = Bangalore
| occupation = Kathak guru, dancer, choreographer 
Founder Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography (NIKC, 1987)
| years_active = 1945– 2014
| current_group = Natya and Stem Dance Kampani
| former_groups =
| dances = [[Kathak]]
| website = 
}}

'''Maya Rao''' (2 May 1928 – 1 September 2014) was an Indian [[Indian classical dance|classical dancer]], choreographer and educator, in [[Kathak]] dance. She is known for her pioneering work in Kathak choreography, especially in dance ballets,<ref name=hindusep14/> and is credited for bringing Kathak, a [[North Indian]]-dance style to [[South India]], when she opened her dance school, Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography (NIKC) in [[Malleswaram]], [[Bangalore]] in 1987.<ref name=mint>{{cite web | title = How Kathak breached the north-south divide|author=Shoba Narayan |publisher= [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]| url = http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/hPoqKRykCDhyxQHaXCT19N/How-Kathak-breached-the-northsouth-divide.html |date=26 July 2014|accessdate = 26 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Taking it a step higher, again|work= The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/taking-it-a-step-higher-again/article2835397.ece |date=27 January 2012|accessdate = 26 July 2014 | first = Madhu | last = Nataraj }}</ref> She was also the founder director of her dance company, "Natya and Stem Dance Kampni", an amalgam of NIKC and the STEM Dance Kampni ( founded by her daughter [[Madhu Nataraj]]) based in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web | title = About Kampni | url = http://www.stemdancekampni.in/Kampni.html | publisher = stemdancekampni.in | accessdate = 26 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140701095933/http://www.stemdancekampni.in/Kampni.html | archive-date = 1 July 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=hinducom>{{cite web | title = Where contemporary keeps step with classical |work=The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/where-contemporary-keeps-step-with-classical/article4858879.ece |date=28 June 2013| accessdate = 26 July 2014 }}</ref> After her early training under Guru Sohanlal of [[Jaipur]] [[Gharana]], followed by Guru Sunder Prasad also of the Jaipur Gharana, and went to train under Guru [[Shambhu Maharaj]] of Lucknow Gharana at [[Kathak Kendra]] (National Institute of Kathak Dance) in Delhi.

She was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], given by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], the National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama in 1989. In 2011, the Akademi awarded her the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Tagore Ratna]], given to 100 artists from across India to mark the 150th birth anniversary of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], for their contribution in the field of performing arts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Ratna and Akademi Puraskar |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/tagoreawards.htm |quote=".. a one-time honour of Tagore Samman to be awarded to 100 persons of the age of 75 years and above who have made significant contribution in the field of performing arts." |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |date=2011 |accessdate=2 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707094419/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/tagoreawards.htm |archivedate=7 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=List of recipients of Tagore Akademi Puraskar|url = http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2012/apr/d2012042301.pdf |publisher= [[Press Information Bureau]], Government of India|accessdate = 2 August 2014 }}</ref>

==Early life==
She was born in [[Malleswaram]], Bangalore to orthodox [[Konkani Brahmins|Konkani]] [[Saraswat Brahmin]] family of Hattangadi Sanjeev Rao, a renowned architect in the city, and Subhadra Bai. She had three brothers and three sisters. At an early age she learnt [[Hindustani classical music]] – vocal and instrumental [[dilruba]] from Rama Rao, being from an orthodox family where girls didn't learn dance, considered a taboo. However, this changed when at age 12, after she and her architect father watched dancer [[Uday Shankar]]'s troupe perform at BRV Talkies auditorium in Bangalore. Moved by the performance, his father wanted his daughters to learn dance.<ref name=profile>{{cite web | title =Profiles: Kathak Guru Dr. Maya Rao turns 86 today! |publisher=narthaki|url =http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl161.html | accessdate = 27 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=toijuly>{{cite web |title = Maya Rao took forbidden dance to a new level |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/Maya-Rao-took-forbidden-dance-to-a-new-level/articleshow/40863459.cms |author= GS Kumar |date= 25 August 2014 |accessdate= 1 September 2014 |work= The Times of India}}</ref>

Her guru Pandit Ramarao Naik, was a disciple of Ustad [[Faiyaz Khan]], and vocalist of the [[Agra gharana]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Namaskara to the Agra master|work= The Music Magazine|author=S R Ramakrishna| url = http://www.themusicmagazine.com/ramaraonaik.html | accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> He ran music and dance school at Benson Town, Bangalore, where various dance and music styles were taught. Here Sohan Lal from [[Jaipur]] [[Gharana]] was in charge of the Kathak section.<ref name=whirl/> Soon, her younger sisters, Uma and Chitra, six years and four years old respectively, started learning Kathak from under Guru Sohanlal, while she at age twelve was considered too old for Kathak. Finally, her father allowed her to start her Kathak training in 1942, with a promise to never dance professionally or on stage, which she was soon break. She learnt from him for next two years. However, when she gave a first performance in 1944, at the [[Bangalore Town Hall|Town Hall]] for a Saraswat Samaj community programme, her father didn't object.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name=whirl/>

After completing her schooling she joined B.A. (hon.) in English literature at [[Central College of Bangalore|Central College, Bangalore]] in 1945,<ref name=toijuly/> and later studied at Maharani's College in Bangalore. Here, she formed a club to dance and presented dance-dramas.<ref name=toipioneer>{{cite web | title = Pioneering dancer and a much-loved mentor | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Pioneering-dancer-and-a-much-loved-mentor/articleshow/41452533.cms |date=2 September 2014|accessdate = 2 September 2014 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> This paved way for her first major performance, a ballet "Sita Haran" in 1947, for poor students at Maharani's College. Meanwhile, her father died in 1946, after being cheated in business and incurring heavy losses. Their family home was auctioned within a year and the family moved to a one-room house. Soon she along with her brother Manohar took charge to household, and she started teaching dance at age 17, to support her family.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name=whirl>{{cite web | title = Maya Rao's Whirlwind World |work= The New Indian Express | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao%E2%80%99s-Whirlwind-World/2014/09/02/article2409427.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021827/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao%E2%80%99s-Whirlwind-World/2014/09/02/article2409427.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 September 2014 |date= 2 September 2014| accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref>

==Career==
She moved to [[Jaipur]] in 1951, in search of Kathak. She also started teaching English at the [[Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls' Public School]] for next two years. She then moved to Sri Lanka and studied Kandyan dance with legendary dancer, Chitrasena. Subsequently, in 1955, she received the prestigious Government of India scholarship and trained under noted Guru, [[Shambhu Maharaj]] of the Lucknow Gharana at the Bharatiya Kala Kendra, New Delhi. She was the first student of the Kendra and Pt Shambhu Maharaj was the first Guru. She was the only student he ever danced with in all his life. In 1960, she was selected for the USSR Cultural Scholarship in Choreography to study for her Master's in Choreography. Upon her return from Russia in 1964, with the help of [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], then Vice Chairperson of [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], she started the Natya Institute of Choreography in Delhi under the aegis of the Bharatiya Natya Sangh.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name="Kothari1989">{{cite book|author=Sunil Kothari|authorlink=Sunil Kothari|title=Kathak, Indian Classical Dance Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAbMS6ynGJ8C&pg=PA192|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-223-9|page=192}}</ref><ref name="BithellHill2014">{{cite book|author1=Caroline Bithell|author2=Juniper Hill|title=The Oxford Handbook of Music Revival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8GiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|date=24 May 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-938492-1|pages=217–}}</ref>

Thereafter, she was based in Delhi for several years before she moved NIKC to Bangalore on invitation from the then Chief Minister [[Ramakrishna Hegde]], which opened on 12 July 1987.<ref name=mint/><ref>{{cite book|last=Massey|first=Reginald |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&q=Kathak+Kendra&pg=RA1-PA29|year=1999|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=29, 157 |isbn=81-7017-374-4|ref=Ma}}</ref> Already known for her ''[[abhinaya]]'' anga, she has to her credit several notable dance ballets production, such as Venkateshwara Vilasam, Kathak through the Ages, Art ''and Life'', Surdas, ''Barsha Mangal'', ''Tarana'', ''Ramayana Darshanam'', ''Hoysala Vaibhava'', ''The Vision of Amir Khusrau'', ''Tulsi Ke Ram'', and ''[[Urubhanga]]'' by [[Bhasa]],<ref name=toipioneer/> besides ''Krishnadevaraya'', ''Vijayanagara Vaibhava'', [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]]'s ''Kaamana Billu'' and works of noted Kannada writer [[Kuvempu]].<ref name=hindusep14>{{cite news | title = Renowned Kathak dancer Maya Rao dead |work=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/renowned-kathak-dancer-maya-rao-dead/article6370522.ece?homepage=true | accessdate = 2 September 2014| first = Ranjani | last = Govind |date=September 2014 }}</ref>

She became the chairperson of Karnataka Sangeet Nritya Academy, state academy for music and dance, and during her tenure from 1987 to 1990, she started National Performing Arts Festivals at heritage monuments of the state, like [[Somanathapura]], [[Pattadakal]] and [[Halebidu]].<ref name=dec14/> She was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Creative dance/Choreography, given by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=30 May 2015 }}</ref> She was awarded [[Rajyotsava Award]], second highest civilian honour of the Karnataka state in 1986,<ref name=newexp>{{cite web | title = Maya Rao Brought Kathak to City |work=The New Indian Express| url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao-Brought-Kathak-to-City/2014/09/02/article2410544.ece
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao-Brought-Kathak-to-City/2014/09/02/article2410544.ece
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 September 2014
|date= 2 September 2014| accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> and the Shantala Award for the year 1999, by [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web | title = State's honour of Allahrakha: Maya Rao bags Shantala Award | url = http://www.thehindu.com/2000/01/05/stories/0405210c.htm | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140902060830/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/01/05/stories/0405210c.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 September 2014 |date=5 January 2000| work = [[The Hindu]] | accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, she received the 'Tagore Ratna' award, given Sangeet Natak Akademi, also in the same year she received the lifetime achievement award for her contribution to dance and choreography at the Epic Women conference.<ref>{{cite web | title = The dance continues... |work=The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-dance/the-dance-continues/article4262920.ece |date=2 January 2013| accessdate = 26 July 2014 | first = Veejay | last = Sai }}</ref> Over the years, she has trained over 3,000 students,<ref name=mint/> notably, [[Nirupama Rajendra]], [[Syed Sallauddin Pasha]], [[Satya Narayana Charka]], Shambhu Hegde, Shivananda Hegde, and Nandini Mehta.

Her daughter Madhu Nataraj is an acclaimed dancer and choreographer, and started STEM Kampni, a branch of NIKC.She continued as s a consultant choreographer at her institute till her last days. Maya Rao's autobiography, ''Maya Rao – A Lifetime in Choreography'' was completed by her in 2013 and released by playwright and [[Jnanpith]] awardee Shri [[Girish Karnad]] in July 2014.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ananth Nag and Girish Karnad attend a book launch at ITC Windsor, Bangalore | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/Ananth-Nag-and-Girish-Karnad-attend-a-book-launch-at-ITCWindsor-Bangalore/articleshow/38670970.cms |date=20 July 2014| accessdate = 26 July 2014 | work = [[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

She died of massive cardiac arrest shortly after midnight on 1 September 2014, at M S Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, where she was admitted around 11.30 pm due complains of breathlessness and chest pain. She was survived by her sisters Chitra Venugopal and Uma Rao, and daughter Madhu Nataraj, Kathak and contemporary dancer.<ref name=dec14>{{cite web | title = Kathak danseuse Maya Rao no more | url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/428769/kathak-danseuse-maya-rao-no.html |date=1 September 2014|accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name=newexp/>

==Awards and honors==
*1989: [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
*1999: [[Shantala Natya Sri Award]]<ref name="Karnataka">{{cite web |title=Profile of recipients of 'Shantala Natya Sri Awards' |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Awards/Shantala+Natya+Awards/en |website=www.karnataka.gov.in |publisher=Karnataka Government}}</ref>
*2004: Keremane Award<ref>{{cite news |title=Maya Rao will receive first Keremane Award |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb092004/s10.asp |access-date=2 May 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |date=9 February 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414031617/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb092004/s10.asp |archive-date=14 April 2005}}</ref>
*2011: [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Tagore Ratna]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutt |first=Bishnupriya |date=2015 |title=Performing Resistance with Maya Rao: Trauma and Protest in India |journal=Contemporary Theatre Review |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=371–385|doi=10.1080/10486801.2015.1049823 |s2cid=192583044 }}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.natyamaya.in/ Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography, website]
* Personal Obituary by Culture Critic Veejay Sai in www.narthaki.com, http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl170.html

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Maya}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Artists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian arts administrators]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women artists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scholars from Bengaluru]]
<references group="References" />

Young Girls (painting)

2026-01-12T03:57:04Z

Geri3389994518: created basic entry initial version...

{{Short description|1932 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Young Girls
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| image = Young Girls.jpg
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| artist=[[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| year = 1932
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| museum = [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] at [[Jaipur House]]
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'''''Young Girls''''' is an [[oil on canvas]] painting created by [[Amrita Sher-Gil]] in 1932 in Paris. It was awarded a gold medal at the [[Salon (Paris)|1933 Paris Salon]] and earned Sher-Gil an associate membership of that institution. It is a national art treasure under India's [[Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (1972)]], and is held at the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] at [[Jaipur House]], New Delhi.

As a child, Sher-Gil was encouraged by her uncle, [[Ervin Baktay]], to carefully observe the reality around her and transfer it to her work. She was studying art at [[Beaux-Arts de Paris]], when she painted ''Young Girls''. Set in an affluent home, it depicts two women in close conversation modelled on her sister and a friend. The dark woman is positioned upright and the light skin woman is slouched, with her blonde hair partially covering a naked breast.

Several commentators have seen the painting as reflecting Sher-Gil's divided identity: Indian, European, colonial subject, and female.

==Background==
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil with 3 paintings.jpg|thumb|Amrita Sher-Gil with three of her paintings in Paris]]

[[Amrita Sher-Gil]] (1913–1941) was born in Hungary to an Indian aristocrat and his artistic Hungarian wife.<ref name=Dalmia2013.1>Dalmia, pp.1-16</ref> After the [[First World War]] the family moved to Simla, India, where she spent her early teens.<ref name=Dalmia2013.2>Dalmia, pp. 17-25</ref><ref name="Singh1975">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=N Iqbal |date=1975 |title=Amrita Sher-Gil |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23001838 |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=209–217 |jstor=23001838 |issn=0376-9771 |url-access=subscription |quote="Young Girls" (it now hangs in the National Art Gallery in Jaipur House in New Delhi). This picture was adjudged to be the "Picture of the Year". "Young Girls" led to her being elected as an Associate of the Grand Salon.}}</ref> There, she was influenced by her uncle, [[Ervin Baktay]], who introduced her to [[Nagybánya artists' colony|Nagybánya artistic methods]] and [[En plein air|plein air painting]].<ref name=Dalmia2013.2/> He encouraged her to carefully observe the reality around her and transfer it to her work, particularly using live models.<ref name=Dalmia2013.2/> In 1929, at the suggestion of Baktay, the family moved to Paris so that Sher-Gil could study art; she was then 16 years and was admitted at first to the [[Académie de la Grande Chaumière]] and later the [[Beaux-Arts de Paris]].<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> Between 1930 and 1932, in Paris, she created over 60 oil paintings, including ''Young Girls'', completed in 1932 at the age of 19.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3>Dalmia, pp. 26-44</ref> Two years later she would return to India where her style of painting would concentrate on painting Indians.<ref name=Dalmia2013.6>Dalmia, pp. 59-75</ref>

==Description==
''Young Girls'' is a [[portrait painting]] in [[oil painting|oil]] on [[canvas]], which measures {{cvt|164|x|133|cm}}.<ref name=Bhandari2021>{{cite web |last1=Bhandari |first1=Parul |title=On Amrita Sher-Gil's birth anniversary, a closer look at the women in her paintings |url=https://scroll.in/article/985478/on-amrita-sher-gils-birth-anniversary-a-closer-look-at-the-women-in-her-paintings |website=Scroll.in |access-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073935/https://scroll.in/article/985478/on-amrita-sher-gils-birth-anniversary-a-closer-look-at-the-women-in-her-paintings |archive-date=18 November 2023 |date=30 January 2021}}</ref> Set in an affluent home, it depicts two similarly aged women sat on chairs in close proximity.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/><ref name=Priyanka2022/> The dark woman, modelled by Sher-Gil's sister [[Indira Sundaram|Indira]], is positioned upright and appears to have a smirk.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/><ref name=Dalmia2013.11>Dalmia, pp. 144-154</ref> Her attire is western and neat, and her hair combed back.<ref name=Priyanka2022>{{cite journal |first=Prachi |last=Priyanka|title=Amalgamation of East and West in the Art of Amrita Sher-Gil |journal=Journal of International Women's Studies |date=July 2022 |volume=24 |issue=3 |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2907&context=jiws |publisher=Bridgewater State University}}</ref><ref name=Khil2017>{{cite book |last1=Khilnani |first1=Sunil |title=Incarnations: A History of India in 50 Lives |date=2017 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-93-85990-95-3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4XlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT292 |language=en |chapter=36. Amrita Sher-Gil: this is me}}</ref> In the foreground is a tabletop, and Indira has a plate of cherries on her lap.<ref name=Vogue2016/><ref name=Subramanyan>{{cite book |last1=Subramanyan|first1=K. G. |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=5. Amrita Sher-Gil and the east-west dilemma|page=37}}</ref> The light skin woman, modelled by a friend, Denise Proutaux, is slouched, with her blonde hair partially covering a naked breast.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> Her right foot is shown bare.<ref name=Ananth2007>{{Cite book |last=Ananth |first=Deepak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vd7qAAAAMAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family of the Twentieth Century |date=2007 |publisher=Schirmer/Mosel |isbn=978-3-8295-0270-2 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> They face each other, appearing to be in conversation.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> There is a half-closed cupboard in the background.<ref name=Ananth2007/>

In 1942, Esmet Rahim (a painter and friend of Sher-Gil) described the painting as "an interior scene, depicting two young women sitting casually in a room, they are not doing anything interesting, they are not made to look pretty or intriguing, they are just two young girls, one fair and one dark".<ref name=Dalmia2013.11/>

==Reception==
''Young Girls'' earned a place at the 1933 [[Salon (Paris)|Paris Salon]], one year after Sher-Gil exhibited her first painting there.<ref name=Dalmia2013.4>Dalmia, p. 50</ref><ref name=Sundaram2010.319>Sundaram, pp. 319-327</ref> One of Sher-Gil's tutors had compared her with [[Gustave Courbet]], to which she responded to her cousin and later husband Victor, in a letter dated February 1933, that "I will be myself".<ref name=Dalmia2013.4/> Another former teacher viewed it as one of the best at the Salon, to which she told Victor that that "is not difficult".<ref name=Dalmia2013.4/> Sher-Gil was typically one of her own critics.<ref name=Connelly2021>{{cite news |last1=Connelly |first1=Charlie |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: The painter whose greatest critic was herself |url=https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/amrita-sher-gil-great-european-lives/ |access-date=11 November 2023 |work=The New European |date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111082426/https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/amrita-sher-gil-great-european-lives/ |archive-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> That month also saw the [[vernissage]] of her ''[[Professional Model]]'', a portrait of a nude [[tuberculosis|consumptive]] that Sher-Gil felt was far superior to ''Young Girls''.<ref name=Dalmia2013.4/> ''Young Girls'' earned her the Salon's gold medal, making her the first Asian to be awarded it.<ref name=Singh1975/><ref name=Higgie2021>{{cite book |last1=Higgie |first1=Jennifer |title=The Mirror and the Palette: Rebellion, Revolution and Resilience: 500 Years of Women's Self-Portraits |date=2021 |publisher=Hachette |isbn=978-1-4746-1380-4 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFfiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT190 |language=en}}</ref> The institution made her an associate, allowing her to exhibit two paintings every year without the need for a jury.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> In May 1933, Sher-Gil wrote to Victor that "I have been selected as an extraordinary member of the Salon. However, I don't think very highly of them - they are very - haughty".<ref name=Dalmia2013.4/>

In her own account in a 1937 ''The Indian Ladies Magazine'', Sher-Gil clarifies that the painting earned her the position of associate at the Salon and says that it "was declared Picture of the Year".<ref name=Sundaram2010.319/> In 1933 there were several pictures of the year at Paris; [[The Sphere (newspaper)|''The Sphere'']] newspaper (1933) included ''Miss Hermione'' and ''Mrs Claude Chauvin'', both by [[Alfred Jonniaux]], ''Le Rat'' by M. Philippe Ledoux, ''Vocation Précoce'' by [[Jane Chaueur-Ozeel]], and ''La Convalescence'' by [[Madeleine Weill-Lestienne]].<ref name=Sphere1933>{{cite news |title=Art in Paris: some pictures of the year |work=The Sphere |date=13 May 1933 |page=252}}</ref> Abdul Khan Hamid, the notable art critic and brother of [[Zubeida Agha]], noted that that year ''Young Girls'' was "picture of the year".<ref name=Hamid1941>{{cite journal |last1=Hamid |first1=Agha Abdul |title=The art of Amrita Sher-Gil |journal=The Indian Listener |date=22 December 1941 |volume=VI |issue=1 |pages=11–12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuriDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR) |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref> This was reiterated by biographer of Sher-Gil, [[N. Iqbal Singh]].<ref name=Singh1975/>

==Interpretation and legacy==
Several commentators have seen the painting as reflecting Sher-Gil's divided identity. [[Katalin Keserü]], who curated several Sher-Gil exhibitions, sees the painting as "east meets west".<ref name=Keserü>{{cite book |last1=Keserü |first1=Katalin |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=8. Amrita Sher-Gil: the Indian painter and her French and Hungarian connections|pages=99–101}}</ref> In [[Yashodhara Dalmia]]'s biography of Sher-Gil, she sees the two women as two different aspects of Sher-Gil herself.<ref name=Naved2006>{{cite journal |last1=Naved |first1=Shad |title=Review of Still looking for Amrita: Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |journal=Social Scientist |date=2006 |volume=34 |issue=5/6 |pages=132–135 |jstor=27644145 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644145 |issn=0970-0293|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dalmia asks "could the two girls represent facets of Amrita's own persona?"<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> She notes in general that Sher-Gil's paintings in Paris followed a search for her European-Indian identity, in addition to following her Paris school academic teachings.<ref name=Zahra2022>{{cite web |last1=Zahra |first1=Orin |title=Amrita Sher-Gil, Self-Portrait as a Tahitian |url=https://smarthistory.org/amrita-sher-gil-self-portrait-tahitian/ |publisher=The Centre for Public Art History |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111070752/https://smarthistory.org/amrita-sher-gil-self-portrait-tahitian/ |archive-date=11 November 2023 |date=8 September 2022}}</ref> In ''Young Girls'', Dalmia interprets "the strict upright pose of the dark woman" as equally "matched by the abandon of the fair-haired woman", saying that "the dark, oriental woman [is] in a position of equality with the white woman, sharing her privileges with elan."<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> Sher-Gil's later painting ''[[Two Girls (painting)|Two Girls]]'' would expand on this theme, and her portraits of women close to each other would also become a recurring theme.<ref name=Dalmia2013.3/> Dalmia would quote in her book that Rahim's response was that "the picture as a whole is captivating. Nothing betrays the fact that the picture is the work of a girl of 19. It is powerful, almost masculine in its vigour."<ref name=Dalmia2013.11/>

Art historian, Saloni Mathur, agrees with [[Vivan Sundaram]] that the painting is "complex", with the portrayal of "a brown and a white woman together in their nudity ambiguously, as possible lovers, or, in an alternative reading, as a form of self-portraiture that projected her own racially divided self".<ref name=Mathur2011>{{cite journal |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |title=A Retake of Sher-Gil's Self-Portrait as Tahitian |journal=Critical Inquiry |date=March 2011 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=515–544 |doi=10.1086/659356 |jstor=10.1086/659356 |s2cid=161416197 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/659356|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''[[Vogue India]]'''s review of [[Sunil Khilnani]]'s ''[[Incarnations: A History of India in 50 Lives]]'' (2017) describes the painting as having a "mysterious tension".<ref name=Vogue2016>{{cite journal |title=Celebrated painter Amrita Sher-Gil: "Europe belongs to Picasso, Matisse, Braque and many others. India belongs only to me" |journal=Vogue India |date=24 March 2016 |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/celebrated-painter-amrita-sher-gil-europe-belongs-to-picasso-matisse-braque-and-many-others-india-belongs-only-to-me |access-date=11 November 2023 |language=en-IN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111110034/https://www.vogue.in/content/celebrated-painter-amrita-sher-gil-europe-belongs-to-picasso-matisse-braque-and-many-others-india-belongs-only-to-me|archive-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> [[Charlie Connelly]] in ''[[The New European]]'' (2021) called the painting a work of "outstanding insight and technique".<ref name=Connelly2021/> Art historian [[Susie Hodge]], wrote in her book ''Artistic Circles'' (2021), that ''Young Girls'' reflects Sher-Gil's sexuality and the different aspects of her personality.<ref name=Hodge2021>{{cite book |last1=Hodge |first1=Susie |title=Artistic Circles: The Inspiring Connections Between the World's Greatest Artists |date=2021 |publisher=Frances Lincoln |isbn=978-0-7112-5586-9 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9hCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 |language=en}}</ref> A review in the ''[[Journal of International Women's Studies]]'' (2022) points to the significance of the contrasting postures of the girls; "while the French woman is casually careless and relaxed, Indira is sitting cross-legged, neat, and proper in her manner. It is often implied that the two postures and identities reflect on the artist’s own divided self, and, possibly, colonial relationships, even sexual ambiguity".<ref name=Priyanka2022/> After Sher-Gil's death, Rahim pointed out that Sher-Gil herself did not think much of the painting.<ref name=Rahim>{{cite book |last1=Rahim|first1=Esther|editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=4. Amrita Sher-Gil: a genuine artist - striving for excellence|page=32}}</ref>

===Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (1972)===
Under India's [[Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (1972)]], formed in accordance with the [[UNESCO 1970 Convention]] to regulate the internal and external dealing in [[antiquities]] in India, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1976 and 1979, named Sher-Gil's works as Indian treasure that if sold in India, cannot leave the country.<ref name=Unesco1984>{{cite book |title=The Protection of Movable Cultural Property: Compendium of Legislative Texts |date=1984 |publisher=Unesco |isbn=978-92-3-101638-7 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpZJx2GB9HYC&pg=PA167 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Bell2022>{{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=Jo |last2=Hershman |first2=Tania |last3=Holland |first3=Ailsa |title=On This Day She: Putting Women Back Into History One Day at a Time |date=2022 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-1-5381-6457-0 |page=33 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkR3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |language=en |chapter=30 January : Amrita Sher-Gil}}</ref> ''Young Girls'' is housed at the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] at [[Jaipur House]], New Delhi, and must stay in India.<ref name=Singh1975/>

==See also==
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1|pages=1–417|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=418–821|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
*{{Cite book |last=Dalmia|first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |language=en}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |title=Amrita Sher-Gil |url=http://www.ngmaindia.gov.in/virtual-tour-of-amrita-sher-gil.asp |website=ngmaindia.gov.in |access-date=11 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111064707/http://www.ngmaindia.gov.in/virtual-tour-of-amrita-sher-gil.asp|archive-date=11 November 2023}}

{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}

[[Category:Paintings of women]]
[[Category:1932 paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:Paintings in India]]
[[Category:Paintings of fruit]]

Ahom script

2026-01-03T21:09:12Z

Geri3389994518: add structure also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Abugida used to write the Ahom language}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Ahom script
|altname={{script|Ahom|𑜒𑜑𑜪𑜨}}
|type=[[Abugida]]
|sample=Shukla Ahom.svg
|caption='Ahom' in Ahom script
|imagesize=150px
|languages=[[Ahom language]], [[Assamese language]] (rarely)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sealang.net/ahom/|title=SEAlang Library Ahom Lexicography|website=sealang.net}}</ref>
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]]
|footnotes=
|fam4=[[Brāhmī script|Brāhmī]]
|fam5=[[Tamil-Brahmi]]
|fam6=[[Pallava script]]<ref name="diringer">{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind |date=1948 |page=411 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1287}}</ref>
|fam7=[[Mon–Burmese script]]
|fam8=''Lik-Tai scripts''{{Sfn|Daniels|2012|p=170-171}}
|sisters=[[Tai Le script|Tai Le]], [[Khamti script|Khamti]]
|time= 13th century–19th century
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11700.pdf U+11700–U+1173F]
|iso15924=Ahom
|note=none
}}
{{Contains special characters|Uncommon Unicode}}
{{brahmic}}
The '''Ahom script''' or '''Tai Ahom Script''' is an [[abugida]] that is used to write the [[Ahom language]], a dormant [[Tai language]] undergoing revival spoken by the [[Ahom people]] till the late 18th-century, who established the [[Ahom kingdom]] and ruled the eastern part of the [[Brahmaputra]] valley between the 13th and the 18th centuries.<ref name="Diller">Diller, A. (1993). Tai Languages. In ''International Encyclopedia of Linguistics'' (Vol. 4, pp. 128-131). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</ref> The old Ahom language today survives in the numerous manuscripts written in this script currently in institutional and private possession.

== History ==
It is believed that the Ahom people adopted their script from either [[Mon–Burmese script|Old Mon or Old Burmese]], in [[Upper Myanmar]] before migrating to the Brahmaputra Valley in the 13th century. This is supported based on similar shapes of characters between Ahom and Old Mon and Old Burmese scripts. It is clear, however, that the script and language would have changed during the few hundred years it was in use.<ref name="Stars"/> The Lik Tai script featured on a 1407 [[Ming dynasty]] scroll exhibits many features of the Burmese script, including fourteen of the nineteen consonants, three medial diacritics and the high tone marker. According to the scholar Daniels, this shows that the Tai borrowed from the Burmese script to create their own script; the Lik Tai script was derived from the Burmese script, as it could only have been created by someone proficient in Burmese. Daniels also argues that, unlike previously thought, the [[Lik Tho Ngok]] script is not the origin of the other Lik Tai scripts, as the 1407 Lik Tai script shows greater similarity to the Ahom script, which has been attested earlier than the Lik Tho Ngok script.{{Sfn|Daniels|2012|p=170-171}} Other "Lik" scripts are used for the [[Khamti language|Khamti]], [[Phake language|Phake]], [[Aiton language|Aiton]] and [[Tai Nuea language]]s, as well as for other Tai languages across Northern Myanmar and [[Assam]], in Northeast India. The Lik scripts have a limited inventory of 16 to 18 consonant symbols compared to the Tai Tham script, which possibly indicates that the scripts were not developed for writing Pali.<ref name="Manuscripts">{{cite journal |last1=Hundius |first1=Harald |last2=Wharton |first2=David |title=The Digital Library of Lao Manuscripts |date=2010}}</ref>

Samples of writing in the Ahom Script ([[Buranji|Buranji's]]) remain stored in Assamese collections. The manuscripts were reportedly traditionally produced on paper prepared from [[agarwood]] (locally known as ''sachi'') bark.<ref name="Stars" /> Assamese replaced Ahom during the 17th century.<ref name="Columbia">Assam. (2008). In ''Columbia Encyclopedia'' Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/8256016/.</ref>

The various Burmese scripts that the Ahom script itself is derived from, was likely derived from the Indic, or [[Brahmi script]],<ref name="Diller" /> and possibly of South Indic origin.<ref name="French">French, M. A. (1994). Tai Languages. In ''The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'' (Vol. 4, pp. 4520-4521). New York, NY: Pergamon Press Press.</ref> The Brahmic Script gradually spread to Southeast Asia (from the more western and/or northern regions of South Asia), through ports on trading routes.<ref name="Court">Court, C. (1996). Introduction. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) ''The World's Writing Systems'' (pp. 443). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> At these trading posts, ancient inscriptions have been found in Sanskrit, using scripts like the Brahmic Script, among others. At first, inscriptions were made in Sanskrit, Pali or various other Prakirts, but later the scripts were used to write the local Southeast Asian languages along with local varieties of the scripts being developed. By the 8th century, the scripts had diverged and separated into regional scripts.<ref name="Spread">Court, C. (1996). The spread of Brahmi Script into Southeast Asia. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) ''The World's Writing Systems'' (pp. 445-449). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>

The Ahom script is no longer used by the Ahom people to read and write in everyday life. However, it retains cultural significance and is used for religious chants and to read literature.<ref name="Diller" /> Ahom's literary tradition provides a window into the past, of Ahom's culture.<ref name="Hongladarom">Hongladarom, K. (2005). Thai and Tai Languages. In ''Encyclopedia of linguistics'' (Vol. 2, pp. 1098-1101). New York, NY: Fitzroy Dearborn.</ref> A printed form of the font was developed in 1920, to be used in the first "Ahom-Assamese-English Dictionary".<ref name="Stars">Terwiel, B. J., & Wichasin, R. (eds.), (1992). ''Tai Ahoms and the stars: three ritual texts to ward off danger''. Ithaca, NY: Southeast Asia Program.</ref>

<gallery>
File:The Ahom script.png|The Ahom script
File:Tai Script of Ahom Kingdom.jpg|An Ahom manuscript preserved in the Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Pan Bazaar, Guwahati.
File:Siu-nyut-pha coin.jpg|Coin of Ahom king [[Sunyatphaa]] in Ahom script
</gallery>

== Letters ==
Like most abugidas, each letter has an inherent vowel of /a/.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12309r-n4321r.pdf | title=N4321R: Revised Proposal to add the Ahom Script in the SMP of the UCS | first1=Martin | last1=Hosken | first2=Stephen | last2=Morey | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=2012-10-23 }}</ref> Other vowels are indicated by using [[diacritic]]s, which can appear above, below, to the left, or to the right of the consonant. The script does not, however, indicate tones used in the language.<ref name="Stars" /> The Ahom script is further complicated as it contains inconsistencies; a consonant may be written once in a word, but pronounced twice, common words may be shortened, and consecutive words with the same initial consonant may be contracted.<ref name="Stars" />
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ahom consonants
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜀|ipa=/ka/|iso=ka}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜁|ipa=/kʰa/|iso=kha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch1=𑜕|ch2=𑜖|note={{noteTag|name=variantg|group=consonants|Font variants.}}|ipa=/ɡa/|iso=ga}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜗|ipa=/ɡʱa/|iso=gha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜂|ipa=/ŋa/|iso=nga}}
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝀|ipa=/ca/|iso=ca}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜋|ipa=/cʰa/|iso=cha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜊|ipa=/ɟa/|iso=ja}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜙|ipa=/ɟʱa/|iso=jha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜐|ipa=/ɲa/|iso=nya}}
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝁|ipa=/ʈa/|iso=ṭa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝂|ipa=/ʈʰa/|iso=ṭha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝃|ipa=/ɖa/|iso=ḍa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝄|ipa=/ɖʱa/|iso=ḍha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝅|ipa=/ɳa/|iso=ṇa}}
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch1=𑜄|ch2=𑜅|note={{noteTag|name=variantt|group=consonants|The second version of this letter is ''ta'' and ''ja'' conjoined, with ''ta'' shortened.}}|ipa=/ta/|iso=ta}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜌|ipa=/tʰa/|iso=tha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜓|ipa=/da/|iso=da}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜔|ipa=/dʱa/|iso=dha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜃|ipa=/na/|iso=na}}
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜆|ipa=/pa/|iso=pa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜇|ipa=/pʰa/|iso=pha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch1=𑜈|ch2=𑜚|note={{noteTag|name=variantb|group=consonants|A font variant of Ba. The second version is used as ''va'' in Sajjhaya spelling.}}|ipa=/ba/|iso=ba}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜘|ipa=/bʱa/|iso=bha}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜉|ipa=/ma/|iso=ma}}
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜍|ipa=/ra/|iso=ra}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜎|ipa=/la/|iso=la}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑝆|ipa=/ɭa/|iso=ḷa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜏|ipa=/sa/|iso=sa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜑|ipa=/ha/|iso=ha}}
|-
|
|
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜒|iso=a|note={{noteTag|name=a|group=consonants|This letter is not an independent vowel, but acts as a null consonant that can be combined with a vowel diacritic to write initial vowels.}}}}
|
|
|}
{{noteFoot|group=consonants}}

The following medial consonant diacritics are used to form [[consonant cluster]]s with /l/ and /r/, such as /kl/ and /kr/.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Medial consonants
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜝|ipa=/l/|iso=Medial la}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜞|ipa=/r/|iso=Medial ra}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜟|ipa=/r/|note=Medial ligating ra}}
|}

===Vowels===
The following vowel diacritics are added to an initial consonant:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowel diacritics
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜠|ipa=/a/|iso=a}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜡|ipa=/a:/|iso=aa}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜢|ipa=/i/|iso=i}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜣|ipa=/i:/|iso=ii}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜤|ipa=/u/|iso=u}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜥|ipa=/u:/|iso=uu}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜦|ipa=/e/|iso=e}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜩|ipa=/ai/|iso=ai}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜨|ipa=/o/|iso=o}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜧|ipa=/aw/|iso=aw}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=◌𑜪|ipa=/am/|iso=am}}
|}

To write a consonant without a vowel, the [[virama]] {{Angbr|{{Script|Ahom|◌𑜫}}}} is used.<ref name="Unicode">{{cite journal |last1=Morey |first1=Stephen |last2=Hosken |first2=Martin |date=2012 |title=Revised Proposal to add the Ahom Script in the SMP of the UCS |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12309r-n4321r.pdf |journal=[[Unicode]] }}</ref>

== Punctuation ==
The following characters are used for punctuation:<ref name="Unicode"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Punctuation
|-
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜼|note=Separates{{br}}small sections.}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜽|note=Separates{{br}}sections.}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜾|note=Marks{{br}}paragraphs.}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜿|note=Exclamation{{br}}mark.}}
|}

== Numerals ==
The Ahom script contains its own set of numerals:<ref name="Unicode"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
|+Ahom numerals
|{{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜰|top=0}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜱|top=1}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜲|top=2}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜳|top=3}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜴|top=4}}
|{{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜵|top=5}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜶|top=6}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜷|top=7}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜸|top=8}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜹|top=9}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜺|top=10}}
| {{Letter|s=Ahom|ch=𑜻|top=20}}
|}

==Unicode==
{{Main|Ahom (Unicode block)}}
Ahom script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in June, 2015 with the release of version 8.0. The Ahom block was expended by 16 code points with Unicode 14.0.

The Unicode block for Ahom is U+11700–U+1174F:

{{Unicode chart Ahom}}

== See also ==
* [[List of writing systems]]
* [[Ahom people]]
* [[Ahom kingdom]]
* [[All Tai Ahom Students Union]]

== Notes ==

{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Terwiel |first1=B J |last2=Wichasin |first2=R |year=1992 |title=Tai Ahoms and the stars: three ritual texts to ward off danger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=as1TI8XEbrUC |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=SEAP Publications|isbn=9780877277095 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Christian |title=Script without buddhism: burmese influence on the tay (shan) script of mäng2 maaw2 as seen in a chinese scroll painting of 1407 |date=2012|journal=International Journal of Asian Studies}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* Entry on [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ahom.htm Ahom] at [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ Omniglot.com -- A guide to writing systems]
* Pali Tripitaka in Ahom Script by Sajjhaya foundation [https://www.sajjhaya.org/node/104]

{{list of writing systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahom Script}}
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Obsolete writing systems]]
[[Category:Ahom kingdom]]

Rajshree Ojha

2025-12-31T07:44:38Z

Geri3389994518: creating a details

{{short description|Indian film maker (born 1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajshree Ojha
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| years_active = 2005–present
| occupation = Film director
}}

'''Rajshree Ojha''' (born 1976) is an Indian film maker who directed [[Aisha (2010 film)|''Aisha'']] (2010) and ''[[Chaurahen]]'' (2007).

==Early life==
Born in 1976, Rajshree is from [[Kolkata]]. She grew up in [[Bangalore]] and left to [[New York City]] for her graduation in computer science. After completing her graduation, she went to learn film-making from [[New York University]]. She had her masters in film-making from [[American Film Institute]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-rajshree-ojha/20100805.htm| title = Rajshree Ojha on directing Aisha - Rediff.com}}</ref> Her short film named Badger, which was done as a part of her diploma, won American Film Institute's Spirit of Excellence Award for Outstanding Direction. She was also honored as ''Asian Voice'' by [[Directors Guild of America]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/i-know-the-box-office-outcome-of-chaurahen-wont-be-great-at-all-rajshree-ojha-229369.html|title = I know the box office outcome of Chaurahen won't be great at all: Rajshree Ojha|date = 29 February 2012}}</ref> She returned to India in 2005.

==Film career==
Rajshree's first film is Chaurahen which was based on four short stories of prominent [[Hindi]] [[novelist]] [[Nirmal Verma]]. The works of this movie started in early 2002. The film had an ensemble cast which includes [[Soha Ali Khan]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Kiera Chaplin]], [[Nedumudi Venu]] etc. However the producer left the project in the final minute and Rajshree decided to produce the film by herself. The film went finally on floors in 2005 and was finally completed in 2007 in a budget of 1.80 crores. The project was shelved many times due to financial issues and it finally had a theatrical release in 2012 through Director's Rare, an initiative by [[PVR Pictures]]. Meanwhile, the movie was showcased in many film festivals and received critical appreciation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/second-debut/article2981581.ece| title = Second debut? - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 11 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rajshree-ojha-returns-with-chaurahen-says-no-compromise-this-time-623905|title=Rajshree Ojha returns with Chaurahen, says no compromise this time}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/a-decade-of-despair/|title = A Decade of Despair|date = 15 March 2012}}</ref>

Even though Chaurahen is the first film of Rajshree, Aisha is widely considered as her debut. Works for the movie started in 2009. The movie that had [[Sonam Kapoor]] and [[Abhay Deol]] in the lead and it was produced by [[Anil Kapoor]]. The movie was based on [[Jane Austen]]'s [[Emma (novel)]] and screenplay was done by Devika Bhagat. The movie was released on 2010 and received mixed responses. Later Rajshree said that she had no control over the final cut and it was fully shaped by the producer Anil Kapoor. What was seen on screen was not even closer to her envisions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Aisha-was-not-my-film-Rajshree-Ojha/articleshow/12194625.cms|title = Aisha was not my film - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]] | date=9 March 2012 }}</ref>

Rajshree's next venture was the movie [[X: Past Is Present]] which was an anthology movie comprising 8 directors. She did the segment named ''Biriyani'' which had [[Radhika Apte]] and [[Rajat Kapoor]] in the lead. It was about a couple who split on their anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rajshree-ojha-s-next-stars-radhika-apte-and-is-called-biryani-2146593|title=Rajshree Ojha's next stars Radhika Apte and is called 'Biryani'}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''[[Chaurahen]]'' (2007) (Director & Writer)
*''[[Aisha (2010 film)|Aisha]]'' (2010) (Director)
*''[[X: Past Is Present]]'' (2015) (Director and Writer of the segment ''Biriyani)''
*''[[Bin Kuch Kahe|Bin Kuch Kahe (2017)]] (Writer, Producer)''
*[[Potluck (Indian web series)]] (2021) (Director)
*[[Potluck (Indian web series)|Potluck Season 2]] (2023) (Director)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1126979}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ojha, Rajshree}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian television writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women television directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:Indian women television writers]]

COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra

2025-12-13T11:43:05Z

Geri3389994518: started new details initial version

{{Short description|none}}
{{Update|date=September 2021|inaccurate=y}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| image =
| caption =
| width =
| name =


| map3 =
| legend3 =
| map4 =
| legend4 =
| map5 =
| legend5 =
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Maharashtra]], India
| first_case = [[Pune]]
| arrival_date = 9 February 2020 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=09|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| origin = 
| confirmed_cases = 7,371,757 (as of 20 January 2022)
| active_cases = 2,58,569
| recovery_cases = 69,67,432
| deaths = 1,41,971
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage|141971|7371757|2}}
| territories = All [[#Statistics|36 districts]]
| total_ili =
| website = [https://www.covid19maharashtragov.in/mh-covid/dashboard COVID-19 Dashboard] [https://arogya.maharashtra.gov.in/1175/Novel--Corona-Virus arogya.maharashtra.gov.in] [https://www.covid19india.org/state/MH covid19india.org (unofficial)] [https://phdmah.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/2cc0055832264c5296890745e9ea415c Public Health Department, Maharashtra (requires login)]
| youtube =
}}
The first case of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] was confirmed on 9 March 2020.

The largest single day spike (68,631 cases), highest peak in all of [[India]] was reported on 18 April 2021.

Maharashtra is a hotspot that accounts for nearly 22.35% of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|total cases in India]] as well as about 30.55% of all deaths.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 state tally: Cases soar to 33,053 in Maharashtra, nearly one-third of national total|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-state-tally-cases-soar-to-33-053-in-maharashtra-nearly-one-third-of-national-total/story-kPYzhFYmabDYxmwSxSwoDK.html|date=2020-05-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India sees highest 1-day spike with 5,242 coronavirus COVID-19 cases, total death toll till now at 3,029|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-sees-highest-1-day-spike-with-5242-coronavirus-covid-19-cases-total-death-toll-till-now-at-3029-2284384.html|date=2020-05-18|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> As of 10 May 2021, the state's [[case fatality rate]] is nearly 1.49%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Maharashtra worried over Mumbai's high mortality rate |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-worried-over-mumbai-s-high-mortality-rate-11586865894047.html |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> [[Pune]] is the worst-affected city in Maharashtra, with about 930,809 cases as of 10 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2,347 COVID Cases In Maharashtra In 24 Hours, Mumbai Crosses 20,000-Mark|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2-347-new-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-in-24-hours-mumbai-crosses-20-000-mark-2230403|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> About half of the cases in the state emerged from the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] (MMR). The total number of cases in Maharashtra reported as of May 2022, is 78,87,086 consisting of 1,47,860 deaths and '77,35,751 who have recovered.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Covid-19: At 711, Maharashtra logs highest daily count in over 3 months; active tally jumps to 3,475 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/covid-19-at-711-maharashtra-logs-highest-daily-count-in-over-3-months-active-tally-jumps-to-3475/articleshow/91923340.cms |access-date=2022-06-01}}</ref>

As of 6 June 2022, there are 7,429 active COVID-19 cases in the state, the health minister warns that the cases are likely to increase in June and July.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2022-06-06 |title=Maharashtra reports 1,036 fresh coronavirus cases, zero fatalities |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/maharashtra-reports-1-036-fresh-coronavirus-cases-zero-fatalities-122060600898_1.html |access-date=2022-06-09}}</ref>

==Timeline==
{{see also|Timeline of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in India}}

===March 2020===
*The first confirmed case of coronavirus in Maharashtra was reported on 9 March 2020 in [[Pune]], where a couple returning from [[Dubai]] tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two with travel history to Dubai test positive for coronavirus in Pune |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/two-with-travel-history-to-dubai-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-pune-1654113-2020-03-09 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317051015/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/two-with-travel-history-to-dubai-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-pune-1654113-2020-03-09 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The next day, three more people in the city who had come in contact with the couple tested positive. All five of them were admitted to Naidu Hospital.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: 3 more test positive for COVID-19 in Maharashtra, number rises to 5 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-more-persons-in-pune-test-positive-for-covid-19-11583846182319.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*On 11 March, two people in [[Mumbai]] who were linked to the Pune couple tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: Two test positive in Mumbai, total cases in state rise to 7 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-test-positive-in-mumbai-total-cases-in-state-rise-to-7-11583935531786.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> The toll increased to 11 later in the day, after three more people in Pune and one in [[Nagpur]], who returned from the United States, were confirmed to be infected.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra has 11 confirmed cases of coronavirus as 45-year-old person tests positive |url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/maharashtra-has-11-confirmed-cases-of-coronavirus-as-45-year-old-person-tests-positive-8143601.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Firstpost |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317051019/https://www.firstpost.com/health/maharashtra-has-11-confirmed-cases-of-coronavirus-as-45-year-old-person-tests-positive-8143601.html |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 13 March, the Nagpur patient's wife and friend were also diagnosed with the virus. The toll in Pune reached 10 after another United States-returned person tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=2 more test positive for coronavirus in Nagpur; Maharashtra count now 17 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nagpur-maharashtra-count-now-16/articleshow/74611718.cms |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314145700/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nagpur-maharashtra-count-now-16/articleshow/74611718.cms |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> A man in [[Ahmednagar]], who had travel history to Dubai, tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus positive cases in Maharashtra rise to 19 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-positive-cases-in-maharashtra-rise-to-19-1655398-2020-03-14 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314150532/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-positive-cases-in-maharashtra-rise-to-19-1655398-2020-03-14 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 14 March, another Nagpur man who had travelled to the United States with the first confirmed case in the city was also diagnosed with the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=1 more tests positive of coronavirus in Nagpur, total cases in Maharashtra rise to 20 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/1-more-tests-positive-coronavirus-nagpur-total-cases-maharashtra-20-1655534-2020-03-14 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315195758/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/1-more-tests-positive-coronavirus-nagpur-total-cases-maharashtra-20-1655534-2020-03-14 |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> One case in Mumbai and three from adjoining areas ([[Vashi]], [[Kamothe]], [[Kalyan]]) were reported. Samples of two people in [[Yavatmal]] who returned from Dubai tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Maharashtra rises to 26 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/number-of-confirmed-coronavirus-patients-in-maharashtra-rises-to-26-11584194810089.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315015626/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/number-of-confirmed-coronavirus-patients-in-maharashtra-rises-to-26-11584194810089.html |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two more test positive in Yavatmal; Maharashtra count rises to 26 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-two-more-test-positive-in-yavatmal-maharashtra-count-rises-to-26/article31069249.ece |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315140233/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-two-more-test-positive-in-yavatmal-maharashtra-count-rises-to-26/article31069249.ece |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Five confirmed cases were reported from [[Pimpri-Chinchwad|Pune]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Five persons tested positive for the coronavirus in Pimpri-Chinchwad near Pune in Maharashtra |url=http://www.newsonair.com/News?title=Five-persons-tested-positive-for-the-coronavirus-in-Pimpri-Chinchwad-near-Pune-in-Maharashtra&id=383010 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=All India Radio |archive-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321124143/http://www.newsonair.com/News?title=Five-persons-tested-positive-for-the-coronavirus-in-Pimpri-Chinchwad-near-Pune-in-Maharashtra&id=383010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*On 15 March, a woman in [[Aurangabad]] who had been to Russia and Kazakhstan was confirmed to have contracted the virus, taking the state-wide total to 32.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: Woman tests positive for coronavirus in Aurangabad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-woman-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-aurangabad-1655719-2020-03-15 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315084339/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-woman-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-aurangabad-1655719-2020-03-15 |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the day, a man in Pune who had travelled to Dubai and Japan tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=One more positive coronavirus case reported from Maharashtra |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/one-more-positive-coronavirus-case-reported-from-maharashtra-11584339269314.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316083413/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/one-more-positive-coronavirus-case-reported-from-maharashtra-11584339269314.html |archive-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The count rose to 37 on 16 March, with three confirmed case in Mumbai and one in [[Navi Mumbai]];<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Four new cases in Maharashtra, patient count rises to 37 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-four-new-cases-in-maharashtra-patient-count-rises-to-37-11584343809195.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> the Mumbai cases included a three-year-old child and her mother, who had contracted it from the child's father who had returned from the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=3-year-old tests positive for Covid-19 in Mumbai, both parents also infected. Maharashtra total now at 39 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/3-year-old-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-mumbai-both-parents-also-infected-maharashtra-total-now-at-39-1656173-2020-03-16 |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317022300/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/3-year-old-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-mumbai-both-parents-also-infected-maharashtra-total-now-at-39-1656173-2020-03-16 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> A woman in Yavatmal, who had earlier tested negative and placed in isolation ward, tested positive for the virus; another youth in Pune who had also visited Dubai was diagnosed with the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yavatmal woman tests +ve for coronavirus; total count now 39 in Maharashtra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/yavatmal-woman-tests-ve-total-now-39-in-maha/articleshow/74652486.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Maharashtra's first death linked to the virus was reported on 17 March, after a 64-year-old man died at the [[Kasturba Hospital (Mumbai)|Kasturba Hospital]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus patient, 64, dies in Mumbai; third death in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coronavirus-patient-64-dies-in-mumbai-third-death-in-india/story-ABgqt3fZm6gBESgYokTXfP.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317060643/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coronavirus-patient-64-dies-in-mumbai-third-death-in-india/story-ABgqt3fZm6gBESgYokTXfP.html |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two confirmed cases were reported during the day, one in Mumbai and the other in Pune, both of whom had returned from the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 Outbreak: No. of positive coronavirus cases in India rises to 139, highest in Maharashtra |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-outbreak-no-of-positive-coronavirus-cases-in-india-rises-to-139-highest-in-maharashtra-2817572 |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317183937/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-outbreak-no-of-positive-coronavirus-cases-in-india-rises-to-139-highest-in-maharashtra-2817572 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 18 March, a woman in her late 20s, who had a travel history to France and the Netherlands, tested positive in Pune.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: With a new case, tally in Pune district is 18 and 42 in Maharashtra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-with-a-new-case-tally-in-pune-district-is-18-and-42-in-maharashtra/article31096831.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=18 March 2020 |date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318065210/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-with-a-new-case-tally-in-pune-district-is-18-and-42-in-maharashtra/article31096831.ece |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shoumojit }}</ref> A 68-year-old woman in Mumbai, linked to a confirmed case from the city, tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pune woman tests positive for Covid-19, had returned from Netherlands. Maharashtra total now at 43 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pune-woman-tests-positive-for-covid-19-had-returned-from-netherlands-maharashtra-total-now-at-42-1657064-2020-03-18 |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319181622/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pune-woman-tests-positive-for-covid-19-had-returned-from-netherlands-maharashtra-total-now-at-42-1657064-2020-03-18 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The count rose to 45 after one case each was reported in Pimpri-Chinchwad and [[Ratnagiri]], the former having travelled to the Philippines, Singapore, and Sri Lanka whereas the latter reportedly visited Dubai.<ref>{{cite news |title=50-year-old man tests positive for coronavirus in Maharashtra's Ratnagiri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-ratnagiri-man-tests-positive-coronavirus-dubai-travel-1657172-2020-03-18 |access-date=19 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319021645/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-ratnagiri-man-tests-positive-coronavirus-dubai-travel-1657172-2020-03-18 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Maharashtra announced three new cases on 19 March—a Mumbai woman who had come back from London, a man from Ahmednagar and a woman from [[Ulhasnagar]], both of whom had been to Dubai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three more test positive, Maharashtra tally is 48 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-more-test-positive-maharashtra-tally-is-48/article31112976.ece |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320010205/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-more-test-positive-maharashtra-tally-is-48/article31112976.ece |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 20 March, three confirmed cases were reported in Mumbai, Pune. Five patients recovered completely and discharged later in the day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in India: 3 more test positive for Covid-19, Maharashtra total now 52 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-3-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-maharashtra-total-now-52-1657834-2020-03-20 |access-date=21 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321120911/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-3-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-maharashtra-total-now-52-1657834-2020-03-20 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The state officials reported 12 new cases on 21 March, including 8 in Mumbai, 2 in Pune and 1 each in Kalyan and Yavatmal.<ref>{{cite news |title=64 coronavirus cases in Maharashtra: Airport staffer, woman test positive for Covid-19 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-maharashtra-test-positive-cases-covid19-1658270-2020-03-21 |access-date=21 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321214048/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-maharashtra-test-positive-cases-covid19-1658270-2020-03-21 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 22 March, the state reported its second casualty of the virus, with the death of a 63-year-old man in Mumbai. It also confirmed 10 positive cases (6 in Mumbai and 4 in Pune), taking the statewide total to 74.<ref>{{cite news |title=Another COVID-19 patient dies in Mumbai; Maha toll reaches 2 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/another-covid-19-patient-dies-in-mumbai-maha-toll-reaches-2/articleshow/74756605.cms |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>
*On 23 March, a citizen of the Philippines, who had recovered from the virus, died in Mumbai, but state health officials deemed the cause of death to be kidney failure. The total cases in the state rose sharply to 97 with 13 cases in Mumbai, 4 in [[Sangli]], 3 in Thane, 1 each in Pune, [[Vasai]] and [[Satara district|Satara]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Update: Confirmed cases in Maharashtra rises to 97 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/coronavirus-in-mumbai-state-worst-hit-with-97-virus-positive-cases |work=Free Press Journal |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327141906/https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/coronavirus-in-mumbai-state-worst-hit-with-97-virus-positive-cases |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 24 March, the state reported 10 new cases (5 in Mumbai, 3 in Pune, and 1 each in Satara district and Ahmednagar district) making the state tally stand at 107.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-go-up-to-101/articleshow/74787560.cms|title=Coronavirus cases in Maharashtra go up to 107|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Four new positive cases in Maharashtra; State tally rises to 101 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-four-new-positive-cases-in-maharashtra-state-tally-rises-to-101/article31149469.ece |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326134608/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-four-new-positive-cases-in-maharashtra-state-tally-rises-to-101/article31149469.ece |archive-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state reported its third death during the day when a 65-year-old man from [[Ahmedabad]] with travel history to the UAE died in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: 65-year-old dies in Mumbai, death toll in India rises to 10 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-65-year-old-dies-in-mumbai-death-toll-in-india-rises-to-10-11585033975530.html |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326165044/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-65-year-old-dies-in-mumbai-death-toll-in-india-rises-to-10-11585033975530.html |archive-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 25 March, Maharashtra's positive patients count reached 122 as five people of the same family in Sangli district and ten people in Mumbai were diagnosed with the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=15 new coronavirus cases take total to 122 in Maharashtra |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/25/15-new-coronavirus-cases-take-total-to-122-in-maharashtra-2121510.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327143719/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/25/15-new-coronavirus-cases-take-total-to-122-in-maharashtra-2121510.html |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 26 March, two deaths due to the virus were reported (a 65-year-old woman in Mumbai and a woman from Navi Mumbai).<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 patient dies in Mumbai, 5 deaths in Maharashtra so far |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/covid-19-patient-dies-mumbai-5-deaths-maharashtra-1660131-2020-03-26 |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326184307/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/covid-19-patient-dies-mumbai-5-deaths-maharashtra-1660131-2020-03-26 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sindhudurg district]] and [[Kolhapur district]] reported their first cases on 26 March. Apart from these two cases, three people in Sangli and one person each in Mumbai, Thane and Pune also tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Maharashtra's count mounts to 130 after fresh cases reported in Pune, Kolhapur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-maharashtra-count-mounts-to-130-after-fresh-cases-reported-in-pune-kolhapur-1660167-2020-03-27 |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327022710/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-maharashtra-count-mounts-to-130-after-fresh-cases-reported-in-pune-kolhapur-1660167-2020-03-27 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 2 new cases in Mumbai, Thane; Maharashtra total rises to 124 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-2-new-cases-in-mumbai-thane-maharashtra-total-rises-to-124-11585196272814.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326152110/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-2-new-cases-in-mumbai-thane-maharashtra-total-rises-to-124/amp-11585196272814.html |archive-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The state's [[Vidarbha]] region reported five fresh cases on 27 March, four in Nagpur and one in [[Gondia district]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Five Test Positive for Coronavirus in Maharashtra's Vidarbha |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/five-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-maharashtras-vidarbha-2553191.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=News 18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327150848/https://www.news18.com/news/india/five-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-maharashtras-vidarbha-2553191.html |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, 12 more people in Sangli were confirmed to have contracted the virus from the city's infected family.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: Another 12 test positive for coronavirus in Sangli |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-another-12-test-positive-coronavirus-sangli-1660438-2020-03-27 |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327151315/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-another-12-test-positive-coronavirus-sangli-1660438-2020-03-27 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The count reached 153 after three people in Mumbai, two in Thane and one in [[Palghar]] tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=153 cases in Maharashtra; state reaches out to Army for help |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/153-cases-in-maharashtra-state-reaches-out-to-army-for-help/story-wItCRCX87GEGIdauibxdqO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327222628/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/153-cases-in-maharashtra-state-reaches-out-to-army-for-help/story-wItCRCX87GEGIdauibxdqO.html |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 28 March, state officials confirmed 22 cases in Mumbai, 2 in Nagpur, and four from Mumbai's surrounding areas of Navi Mumbai, Palghar and [[Vasai-Virar]]. An 85-year-old doctor in Mumbai who died on 27 March was confirmed to be the sixth casualty of the virus in Maharashtra.<ref name="newind28mar">{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 28 new cases in Maharashtra, count reaches 181 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/28/coronavirus-28-new-cases-in-maharashtra-count-reaches-181-2122775.html |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328193846/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/28/coronavirus-28-new-cases-in-maharashtra-count-reaches-181-2122775.html |archive-date=28 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Five more cases were reported in the evening: four in Pune and one in [[Jalgaon]], taking the tally to 186.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharpest rise in Maharashtra with 33 cases, 26 of them in MMR |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/sharpest-rise-in-maharashtra-with-33-cases-26-of-them-in-mmr/articleshow/74869311.cms |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330045935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/sharpest-rise-in-maharashtra-with-33-cases-26-of-them-in-mmr/articleshow/74869311.cms |archive-date=30 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The death toll reached 8 on 29 March, as a Mumbai woman aged 40, and a 45-year-old man in [[Buldhana]] died. The total number of confirmed cases rose to 203.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: 8 deaths reported in Maharashtra, 203 positive cases |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/covid-19-8-deaths-reported-in-maharashtra-203-positive-cases/articleshow/74876872.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=Pune Mirror |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330023451/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/covid-19-8-deaths-reported-in-maharashtra-203-positive-cases/articleshow/74876872.cms |archive-date=30 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 30 March, Pune reported its first death, that of a 52-year-old man, while a 78-year-old person died in Mumbai. State health officials announced that 17 more people tested positive: 8 in Mumbai, 5 in Pune, 2 in Nagpur and 1 each in Kolhapur and [[Nashik]].<ref name=mar30>{{cite news |title=State's Covid-19 count rises to 220; toll is 10 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/state-s-covid-19-count-rises-to-220-toll-is-10/story-95IwKlDVu1Df9mL0sdruuN.html |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331063819/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/state-s-covid-19-count-rises-to-220-toll-is-10/story-95IwKlDVu1Df9mL0sdruuN.html |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 31 March, there were five new cases in Mumbai, three in Pune and two in Buldhana.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 10 new cases in Maharashtra as tally touches 230, Buldhana district sealed |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-17-new-cases-in-maharashtra-take-tally-to-225-buldhana-district-sealed/article31214435.ece/ |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401014601/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-17-new-cases-in-maharashtra-take-tally-to-225-buldhana-district-sealed/article31214435.ece/amp/ |archive-date=1 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the day, 72 more cases were confirmed across the state, including 59 in Mumbai, 3 in Ahmednagar, 2 each in Pune, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Vasai-Virar and Kalyan-Dombivli. A 50-year-old man in Palghar and a 75-year-old man in Mumbai became the 11th and 12th casualties of the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=First coronavirus death in Palghar; Vehicles other than of essential services to be confiscated, warns Police |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/first-coronavirus-death-in-palghar-vehicles-other-than-of-essential-services-to-be-confiscated-warns-police |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=Free Press Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402215501/https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/first-coronavirus-death-in-palghar-vehicles-other-than-of-essential-services-to-be-confiscated-warns-police |archive-date=2 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in India: Maharashtra toll climbs to 12 after 2 more Covid-19 patients pass away |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-maharashtra-toll-climbs-to-12-after-2-more-covid-19-patients-pass-away-1662004-2020-04-01 |access-date=1 April 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404154126/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-maharashtra-toll-climbs-to-12-after-2-more-covid-19-patients-pass-away-1662004-2020-04-01 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===April 2020===
*The total number of confirmed cases increased to 335 on 1 April, with 30 people in Mumbai, 2 in Pune and 1 in Buldhana testing positive.<ref name=apr1>{{cite news |title=Number of coronavirus cases in Maharashtra rises to 335 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-rises-to-335-11585749948541.html |access-date=1 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> The death toll rose to 16 after 4 people, including one in [[Dharavi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's largest slum Dharavi reports first coronavirus casualty |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asias-largest-slum-dharavi-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74937159.cms |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402011749/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asias-largest-slum-dharavi-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74937159.cms |archive-date=2 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> died from the virus in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus outbreak in India: 4 more deaths in Maharashtra, state toll reaches 16 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/novel-coronavirus-death-toll-maharashtra-1662311-2020-04-01 |access-date=1 April 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402102312/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/novel-coronavirus-death-toll-maharashtra-1662311-2020-04-01 |archive-date=2 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 2 April, Maharashtra reported 88 new cases, taking the total to 423. These included 54 in Mumbai, 9 in other parts of MMR, 11 in Pune, 9 in Ahmednagar, 2 in Aurangabad and 1 each in Buldhana, Satara and [[Osmanabad]]. Four more people died of the virus in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=With 88 new Covid-19 cases on Thursday, Maharashtra's tally reaches 423|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-coronavirus-covid19-new-cases-total-number-latest-updates-april-2-1662693-2020-04-02 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref>
*On 3 April, the tally rose to 490, with 43 cases in Mumbai, 10 in surrounding areas of MMR, 9 in Pune, 3 in Ahmednagar, 1 each in [[Washim]] and Ratnagiri. With six more deaths being reported during the day, the death toll stood at 26.<ref>{{cite news |title=With 67 new cases on Friday, number of coronavirus cases in Maharashtra jumps to 490 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-67-new-cases-on-friday-number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-jumps-to-490-11585929645343.html |access-date=3 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*On 4 April, tally grew to 635, with 101 cases in Mumbai, 22 in surrounding areas of MMR, 12 in Pune, 8 in [[Latur]], 2 in Osmanabad, 1 each in [[Hingoli]], Nagpur and [[Amravati]]. There were six more deaths during the day, including four in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Maharashtra reports 145 cases, count up to 635 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-reports-145-cases-count-up-to-635-11586020026675.html |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408015437/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-reports-145-cases-count-up-to-635-11586020026675.html |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 5 April 13 more deaths were announced by the health department–8 in Mumbai, 3 in Pune, 1 in Kalyan-Dombivli and 1 in Aurangabad. In addition, 113 confirmed cases were reported, taking the count to 748.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus tally in Maharashtra reaches 748; Tamil Nadu 571, Uttar Pradesh 276 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/coronavirus-tally-in-maharashtra-reaches-748-tamil-nadu-571-uttar-pradesh-276-2274165.html |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=Zee News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408034939/https://zeenews.india.com/india/coronavirus-tally-in-maharashtra-reaches-748-tamil-nadu-571-uttar-pradesh-276-2274165.html |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*A 30-year-old nine-months-pregnant woman from Vasai-Virar was one of the 7 deaths reported on 6 April, as the state's death toll went past 50. In addition, 120 fresh positive cases were confirmed across the state, with the majority of them coming from Mumbai (68) and Pune (41).<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra coronavirus tally mounts to 868 with 7 fresh deaths |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-coronavirus-tally-mounts-to-868-with-7-fresh-deaths/articleshow/75015872.cms |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407025527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-coronavirus-tally-mounts-to-868-with-7-fresh-deaths/articleshow/75015872.cms |archive-date=7 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 7 April, Maharashtra became the first state in the country to record more than 1,000 cases, as 150 new cases emerged. The state also confirmed 12 deaths, out of which only one had overseas travel history. Nagpur, Satara and Mira-Bhayandar reported their first deaths while Mumbai and Pune reported 6 and 3 deaths respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra becomes first Indian state to have more than 1,000 coronavirus cases |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-becomes-first-indian-state-to-have-more-than-1-000-coronavirus-cases-11586269368668.html |access-date=8 April 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408012856/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-becomes-first-indian-state-to-have-more-than-1-000-coronavirus-cases-11586269368668.html |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 8 April 117 people tested positive in Maharashtra, while 8 more people died from the virus (5 in Mumbai, 2 in Pune and 1 in Kalyan).<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Maharashtra count at 1,135 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-count-at-1-135-11586360753703.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*On 9 April, the state reported 229 more cases and 25 deaths. Out of the 25 deaths, 14 were recorded in Pune, 9 in Mumbai and 1 each in [[Malegaon]] and Ratnagiri. A 101-year-old woman from Mumbai became the oldest coronavirus casualty in the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra records 229 new COVID-19 cases, count 1,364; 25 deaths |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/09/maharashtra-records-229-new-covid-19-cases-count-1364-25-deaths-2128047.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
*State health officials confirmed 210 fresh cases on 10 April, while the total number of cases in Mumbai crossed 1,000. Meanwhile, 13 deaths were reported during the day, 10 in Mumbai and 1 each in Pune, Vasai-Virar and Panvel, taking the statewide death toll to 110.<ref name=apr10>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Deaths In Maharashtra Cross 100, Mumbai Has Over 1,000 Cases |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-deaths-in-maharashtra-cross-100-mumbai-has-over-1-000-cases-2209826 |access-date=11 April 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
*On 11 April 17 fatalities were recorded in Maharashtra, of which 12 were from Mumbai, 2 from Pune, and 1 each from [[Dhule]], Malegaon and Satara. There were also 187 fresh positive cases across the state, which took the tally to 1,761.<ref name=apr11>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus {{!}} Maharashtra death toll climbs to 127 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-maharashtra-death-toll-climbs-to-127/article31319490.ece |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
*On 12 April, there were 221 fresh cases and 22 deaths in the state. 16 of these deaths were from Mumbai, while [[Solapur district]], which had zero confirmed cases until the previous day, reported a casualty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus {{!}} Maharashtra COVID-19 tally shoots up to 1,982 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-maharashtra-covid-19-tally-shoots-up-to-1982/article31324825.ece |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
*State officials confirmed 352 new cases on 13 April, out of which 242 were from Mumbai and 50 linked to the [[2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi|Tablighi Jamaat congregation in Delhi]]. Mumbai also accounted for 9 of the 11 deaths recorded during the day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Maharashtra reports 352 new cases, 50 linked to Tablighi Jamaat event |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-maharashtra-reports-352-new-cases-50-linked-to-tablighi-jamaat-event-1666624-2020-04-13 |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref>
*On 14 April 350 more cases were reported across the state along with 18 deaths. MMR reported 15 casualties, while Ahmednagar and Aurangabad had 1 death each.<ref name=apr15>{{cite news |title=18 more succumb to Covid-19 in Maharashtra, 350 new cases |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/18-more-succumb-to-covid-19-in-maharashtra-350-new-cases/articleshow/75146955.cms |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
*On 15 April 232 new cases were reported in Maharashtra taking the tally to 2,916.<ref>{{cite news|author=|title=Maharashtra: 232 Fresh COVID-19 Cases in 24 Hours, Total Tally Stands at 2,916; Death Toll Reaches 187|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/maharashtra-leads-with-most-covid-19-cases-as-tally-rises-to-2800-death-toll-at-178-4001221/|work=India|location=India|date=15 April 2020|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref>
*On 16 April, the total number of cases increased to 3,202 after 286 people tested positive. Seven fatalities were recorded during the day–four in Pune and three in Mumbai.<ref name=apr16>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra Covid-19 Tally Zooms to 3,202 With 286 New Cases, 7 More Deaths Reported |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/286-new-covid-19-cases-found-in-maharashtra-tally-crosses-3200-mark-2580779.html |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=News18}}</ref>
*The state reported 118 fresh cases on 17 April, the lowest number in ten days, while 5 people in Mumbai and 3 in Pune died due to the infection.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: With 118 fresh Covid-19 cases, Maharashtra's count goes past 3,300 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-with-118-fresh-covid-19-cases-maharashtra-s-count-goes-past-3-300-11587144425731.html |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*On 18 April 328 samples tested positive in Maharashtra, and 11 deaths were recorded (5 in Mumbai, 4 in Pune, 1 each in Aurangabad and Thane).<ref>{{cite news |title=328 new Covid-19 cases in Maharashtra, tally 3,648 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/328-new-covid-19-cases-in-maharashtra-1668544-2020-04-19 |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref>
*On 19 April 552 confirmed cases were recorded in Maharashtra; Mumbai alone accounted for 456 of these.<ref>{{cite news |title=With 456 new cases, Mumbai reports highest single-day spike, Maharashtra tally at 4,200 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-mumbai-coronavirus-total-cases-highest-spike-april-19-1668780-2020-04-19 |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref> The state capital also had 6 deaths, whereas 4 people died in Malegaon, 1 each in Solapur and [[Jamkhed]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra Covid-19 tally crosses 4,000-mark after 552 new cases get reported |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-covid-19-tally-crosses-4-000-mark-after-552-new-cases-get-reported-11587312967908.html |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*53 journalists and media personnel were among the 466 fresh cases confirmed across the state on 20 April, while the tally in Mumbai surpassed 3,000. Additionally, 7 deaths in Mumbai and 2 in Malegaon took the state's death toll to 232.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus {{!}} Maharashtra reports 466 new cases, 9 deaths |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-reports-466-new-coronavirus-cases-9-deaths/article31391314.ece |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
*On 21 April, the case count in Maharashtra crossed 5,000, with 552 new cases. 19 casualties were reported during the day, as patients died from the virus in Mumbai (12), Pune (3), Thane (2), Sangli (1) and Pimpri-Chinchwad (1).<ref name=apr21>{{cite news |title=With 552 New Cases, Coronavirus Tally in Maharashtra Crosses 5,000 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/with-552-new-cases-coronavirus-tally-in-maharashtra-crosses-5000-2587281.html |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=News 18}}</ref>
*On 22 April, the cases rose by 431 while the death count saw an increase of 18. 10 among these 18 were from Mumbai, while Pune and Aurangabad recorded two deaths each, and Kalyan-Dombivli, Solapur, Malegaon and Jalgaon each had one casualty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra reports 431 new coronavirus cases, tally 5,649, 18 deaths |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-reports-431-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-5-649-18-deaths-1669963-2020-04-23 |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref>
*On 23 April, the state reported a spike of 778 fresh cases of coronavirus. In addition, six people in Mumbai, five in Pune, and one each in Navi Munbai, [[Nandurbar]] and [[Dhule]] died, taking the overall death toll to 283.<ref name=apr23>{{cite news |title=With record 778 new Covid-19 cases in 24 hours, Maharashtra tally reaches 6,427 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-record-778-new-covid-19-cases-in-24-hours-maharashtra-tally-reaches-6-427-11587656574512.html |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>
*On 28 April, Maharashtra reported 729 new cases and 31 deaths. Mumbai accounted for 25 of these deaths, whereas four people in Jalgaon and two in Pune died from the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maha COVID-19 tally crosses 9000 with 729 new cases, 31 deaths |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-covid19-tally-crosses-9000-with-729-new-cases-31-deaths/1817827 |access-date=28 April 2020 |work=Outlook}}</ref>
*The number of confirmed cases rose to 9,915 on 29 April, with 597 new cases. The state also reported 32 deaths during the day out of which 26 were from Mumbai.<ref name=apr29>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra Nears 10,000-Mark, Mumbai Has 6,644 Coronavirus Cases |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-nears-10-000-mark-mumbai-has-6-644-coronavirus-cases-2220609 |access-date=30 April 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

===June 2020===

* On 7 June, Maharashtra crossed China's tally by 3800 cases.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shaikh |first1=Mustafa |title=As Maharashtra crosses China's coronavirus tally by 3,800 cases, Mission Begin Again keeps state on edge |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/as-maharashtra-crosses-china-s-coronavirus-tally-by-3800-cases-mission-begin-again-keeps-state-on-edge-1686927-2020-06-08 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |date=8 June 2020}}</ref>

===July 2020===
* As on 29 July, total number of cases in Maharashtra is 400,651, including 1,46,433 active cases, 2,39,755 recoveries and 14,463 deaths .<ref name="MOHFW">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in|title=MoHFW-GOI|access-date=23 May 2020 |work=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]}}</ref>

===October 2020===
The [[Lineage B.1.617]] variant was first found on 5 October 2020 near [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2021/04/19/b-1-617-le-double-mutant-indien-qui-commence-a-inquieter-les-scientifiques_6077245_3244.html|title = Covid-19 : B.1.617, le variant indien qui commence à inquiéter les scientifiques|newspaper = Le Monde.fr|date = 19 April 2021}}</ref>

==Government response==
{{Sidebar timeline
| titlestyle = background: #f0e68c
| title = Major actions (statewide, unless mentioned otherwise)

| color1 = #FF0000
| height1 = 1| years1 = {{nowrap|'''9 March'''}}
| members1 = First case confirmed in the state

| color2 = #A2D12E
| height2 = 1| years2 = {{nowrap|'''13 March'''}}
| members2 = Declaration of epidemic in five cities;
Closure of commercial and educational establishments

| color3 = #9B1183
| height3 = 1| years3 = {{nowrap|'''14 March'''}}
| members3 = Ban on public gatherings and events

| color4 = #ADD8E8
| height4 = 1| years4 = {{nowrap|'''20 March'''}}
| members4 = Closure of all workplaces barring essential services

| color5= #494455
| height5= 1| years5 = {{nowrap|'''22 March'''}}
| members5= Imposition of Section 144 and lockdown

| color6= #EF038C
| height6= 1| years6 = {{nowrap|'''23 March'''}}
| members6= Curfew and border seal-off in all districts

| color7= #090FFF
| height7= 1| years7= {{nowrap|'''25 March'''}}
| members7= [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|Nationwide lockdown]] until 14 April

| color8= #FFA819
| height8= 1| years8= {{nowrap|'''11 April'''}}
| members8= Lockdown extended until 30 April

| color9= #D2691E
| height9= 1| years9= {{nowrap|'''14 April'''}}
| members9= [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|Nationwide lockdown]] until 3 May

| color10= #00FF7F
| height10= 1| years10= {{nowrap|'''1 May'''}}
| members10= [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|Nationwide lockdown]] until 17 May
}}

=== Lockdown ===

==== March ====
On 13 March, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] declared the outbreak an epidemic in the cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Pune]] (PMC & PCMC Administration) and [[Nagpur]], and invoked provisions of [[Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897]] which enabled it to forcibly hospitalise anyone with suspected symptoms. Commercial establishments such as movie halls, malls, swimming pools and gyms were shut across the state as a precaution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra invokes epidemic Act |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/maharashtra-invokes-epidemic-act-55079 |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321130331/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/maharashtra-invokes-epidemic-act-55079 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray declares coronavirus as an epidemic in 5 cities |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/covid-19-maharashtra-cm-uddhav-thackeray-declares-coronavirus-as-an-epidemic-in-5-cities/articleshow/74613850.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Pune Mirror |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321130330/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/covid-19-maharashtra-cm-uddhav-thackeray-declares-coronavirus-as-an-epidemic-in-5-cities/articleshow/74613850.cms |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]], [[Uddhav Thackeray]], issued a ban on all public gatherings and functions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: CM Uddhav Thackeray revokes all permissions given to public functions in Maharashtra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-cm-uddhav-thackeray-revokes-all-permissions-given-to-public-functions-in-maharashtra-1655356-2020-03-14 |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314164903/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-cm-uddhav-thackeray-revokes-all-permissions-given-to-public-functions-in-maharashtra-1655356-2020-03-14 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] decided to close all public gardens and [[Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park]], effective from 14 March, to contain the spread of the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Theatres, Gardens, Zoo, Gymnasiums shut in Pune until further notice; restaurants see low walk-ins |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/theatres-gardens-zoo-gymnasiums-shut-in-pune-until-further-notice-restaurants-see-low-walk-ins/story-9tGdcxHT5zCWNViUep1wKJ.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317062608/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/theatres-gardens-zoo-gymnasiums-shut-in-pune-until-further-notice-restaurants-see-low-walk-ins/story-9tGdcxHT5zCWNViUep1wKJ.html |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 March, [[Section 144]] was imposed in Nagpur and [[Nashik]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Section 144 imposed in Nagpur, Nashik as cases jump to 39 in Maharashtra |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-section-144-imposed-in-nagpur-nashik-as-cases-jump-to-39-in-maharashtra-11584420757869.html |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322050322/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-section-144-imposed-in-nagpur-nashik-as-cases-jump-to-39-in-maharashtra-11584420757869.html |archive-date=22 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 18 March, the Federation of Trade Association of Pune announced that all shops, barring grocery stores and pharmacies, will be shut in the city, resulting in the closure of up to 40,000 shops.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus impact: Markets in Maharashtra in shutdown mode |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/coronavirus-impact-markets-in-maharashtra-in-shutdownmode/1901557/ |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=The Financial Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318123055/https://www.financialexpress.com/market/coronavirus-impact-markets-in-maharashtra-in-shutdownmode/1901557/ |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) announced that shops and commercial establishments across several wards in Mumbai would be closed on alternate days, in order to implement [[social distancing]] and crowd management.<ref>{{cite news |title=BMC's plan for shops |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/bmcs-plan-for-shops/articleshow/74720657.cms |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320013645/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/bmcs-plan-for-shops/articleshow/74720657.cms |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 March, the [[dabbawala]]s in Mumbai suspended their services until 31 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid 19: Coronavirus outbreak brings Mumbai's Dabbawala services to a halt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-coronavirus-outbreak-brings-mumbai-s-dabbawala-services-to-a-halt/story-K1HT8HDeuXxyYnkqV4dfQK.html |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320010457/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-coronavirus-outbreak-brings-mumbai-s-dabbawala-services-to-a-halt/story-K1HT8HDeuXxyYnkqV4dfQK.html |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 20 March, Thackeray announced that all workplaces, excluding essential services and public transport, in Mumbai, [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]], Pune and Nagpur will be closed until 31 March. He also urged people of the state to not step out of the house without the necessity of doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai, Pune offices to close in wake of coronavirus, says Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-pune-offices-shops-to-close-in-wake-of-coronavirus-says-uddhav-thackeray-11584692833403.html |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320090457/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-pune-offices-shops-to-close-in-wake-of-coronavirus-says-uddhav-thackeray-11584692833403.html |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 March, Thackeray declared that Section 144 would be imposed across the state, with effect from 23 March, sending the state into lockdown.<ref name=section144>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra goes into lockdown mode: Section 144 in place from Monday, announces Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/maharashtra-goes-into-lockdown-mode-section-144-in-place-from-monday-announces-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray/articleshow/74759333.cms |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323023034/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/maharashtra-goes-into-lockdown-mode-section-144-in-place-from-monday-announces-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray/articleshow/74759333.cms |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 March, he announced that borders of all the districts will be closed, and a strict curfew will be implemented statewide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uddhav-thackeray-imposes-curfew-in-entire-maharashtra/articleshow/74775886.cms?from=mdr|title=Uddhav Thackeray imposes curfew in entire Maharashtra|date=23 March 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331200838/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uddhav-thackeray-imposes-curfew-in-entire-maharashtra/articleshow/74775886.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== April ====
On 11 April, Thackeray announced that the lockdown in the state will be extended until "at least 30 April".<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra Lockdown At Least Till April 30, Says Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-lockdown-to-remain-till-april-30-says-maharashtra-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray-2210114 |access-date=11 April 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> On 14 April, he announced the formation of a COVID-19 Task Force, comprising leading doctors, to advise the state government on means to control the outbreak.<ref name=apr15/>

On 17 April, state government decided to relax lockdown restrictions, allowing certain economic activities such as agriculture, construction and manufacturing to resume from 20 April in non-containment zones.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra to allow agri, construction, manufacturing from 20 Apr in few zones |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-to-allow-agri-construction-manufacturing-from-20-apr-in-few-zones-11587146195022.html |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> However, on 21 April, as the number of cases continued to surge, the government withdrew the relaxation in MMR and Pune.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Maharashtra reimposes lockdown on Mumbai, Pune after tally crosses 5,000-mark |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-reimposes-lockdown-on-mumbai-pune-after-tally-crosses-5-000-mark-11587479607466.html |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

===Containment measures===
On 26 March, BMC started marking pitches, one metre away from each other, outside grocery stores, fruits and vegetables shops in the city, in order to maintain social distancing. This model was first implemented in Pune on 24 March.<ref>{{cite news|title=Social distancing: BMC marks pitches outside grocery outlets, veggie shops|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/social-distancing-bmc-marks-pitches-outside-grocery-outlets-veggie-shops/article31177500.ece|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327203230/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/social-distancing-bmc-marks-pitches-outside-grocery-outlets-veggie-shops/article31177500.ece|archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>

From 1 April, Mumbai Police started using a network of 5,000 [[CCTV]] cameras along with [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]] in order to monitor different parts of the city and ensure that the lockdown is observed.<ref>{{cite news|title=India lockdown: Drones, 5,000 CCTV cameras keep eye on crowd in Mumbai|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/india-lockdown-drones-5000-cctv-cameras-keep-eye-on-crowd-in-mumbai-6342941/|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Apart from Mumbai, drones were also used in densely populated areas of Thane district such as [[Mumbra]] and [[Bhiwandi]] for aerial surveillance and relaying audio messages and warnings.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mumbai: Drones swoop into Dharavi to shepherd people to safety|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-drones-swoop-into-dharavi-to-shepherd-people-to-safety/articleshow/75019045.cms|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>

On 8 April, Mumbai became the first Indian city to make wearing facemasks in public places compulsory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: Mumbai becomes first city in India to make face masks compulsory in public|work=Livemint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-mumbai-makes-face-masks-compulsory-as-covid-19-cases-rise-11586340420048.html|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> On the following day, the state government decided to deploy State Reserve Police Force in the city for stricter enforcement of the lockdown.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maharashtra to use State Reserved Police Force to enforce lockdown in Mumbai|work=Business Line|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/maharashtra-to-use-state-reserved-police-force-to-enforce-lockdown-in-mumbai/article31301727.ece|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>

On 31 May, the Maharashtra Government issued detailed guidelines for offices, which include mandatory thermal screening, use of sanitisers and social distancing.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Windows to remain open, 3 ft distance': Maharashtra issues guidelines for state govt employees [DETAILS]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/windows-to-remain-open-3-ft-distance-maharashtra-issues-guidelines-for-state-govt-employees-details/599409|access-date=2020-06-26|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=31 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In June, the cases in Dharavi, Mumbai dropped significantly because of preventive measures like testing and early isolation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandya |first1=Dhwani |title=How Asia's Densest Slum Chased the Virus Has Lessons for Others |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-13/how-asia-s-densest-slum-chased-the-virus-has-lessons-for-others |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=26 June 2020 |date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

Nagpur Municipal Corporation has adopted an Incident Response System which includes a comprehensive survey, contact tracing system, corona war room, control room.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nagpur Municipal Corporation covers lakhs of people in COVID-19 survey|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/nagpur-municipal-corporation-covers-lakhs-of-people-in-covid-19-survey20200417004022/|access-date=2020-06-26|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> The corporation also conducted door-to-door surveys covering 5.67 lakh houses and 24 lakh people.<ref name=":1" /> The civic body has also started shifting homeless people to city shelters.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-27|title=Coronavirus: Homeless people moved to shelter homes in Nagpur amid COVID-19|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/coronavirus-homeless-people-moved-to-shelter-homes-in-nagpur-amid-covid-19-818169.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> As of 27 March, they have shifted 300 persons and also got medical check-ups done for them.<ref name=":2" />

==== Hotspots and Containment zones ====
Several places in the state, where multiple confirmed cases were reported, were sealed off to prevent community spread. These areas included [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]] in Sangli (on 28 March),<ref>{{cite news |title=Islampur town cut off to curb virus spread |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/islampur-town-cut-off-to-curb-virus-spread/articleshow/74868090.cms |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331200815/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/islampur-town-cut-off-to-curb-virus-spread/articleshow/74868090.cms |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Worli]] Kolivada in Mumbai (on 30 March),<ref>{{cite news |title=Worli Koliwada sealed fully as six test positive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/worli-koliwada-sealed-fully-as-six-test-positive/articleshow/74903842.cms |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331200816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/worli-koliwada-sealed-fully-as-six-test-positive/articleshow/74903842.cms |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Peths in Pune|Peth]] area and parts of Kondhwa in Pune (on 6 April).<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 lockdown: Pune Central, Kondhwa areas sealed in emergency move |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-lockdown-pune-central-kondhwa-areas-sealed-in-emergency-move-11586261149641.html |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407130113/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-lockdown-pune-central-kondhwa-areas-sealed-in-emergency-move-11586261149641.html |archive-date=7 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 9 April, BMC identified 381 containment zones within the city; several parts of the city including [[Dharavi]] were sealed off as the number of confirmed cases rose sharply in April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra govt seals all hotspots, including Dharavi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-seals-parts-of-dharavi-11586437129347.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

The central government classified the country's districts into zones based on the extent of the spread of virus, with 14 districts in Maharashtra being identified as hotspots and labelled as red zones.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most Coronavirus Hotspots in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Delhi as Govt Identifies Red, White and Green Zones |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-updates-us-past-worst-of-covid-19-crisis-says-trump-even-as-2600-die-in-24-hrs-global-infections-cross-2-million-mark-2579425.html |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=News18}}</ref> The state government announced that it would relax the lockdown restrictions in districts with fewer than 15 confirmed cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra prepares to relax lockdown in green, orange zones |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-prepares-to-ease-lock-down-in-green-and-orange-zones-11586951275300.html |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

=== Quarantine ===
Thackeray announced that the number of testing labs and their capacities would be increased, as will the capacity of quarantine facilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: Cases in Maharashtra reach 33, state expands healthcare facilities|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-total-cases-maharashtra-state-expands-healthcare-facilities-1655794-2020-03-15|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317060318/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-total-cases-maharashtra-state-expands-healthcare-facilities-1655794-2020-03-15|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Some educational institutions are also being used as quarantine centres.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=Maharashtra governor and education minister in war of words|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-governor-and-education-minister-in-war-of-words-over-exams-cm-approached-for-fix/articleshow/75918419.cms|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Economic response ===
On 16 March, the Government of Maharashtra allocated {{INR}}45 crore to the districts with confirmed cases.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus update: Maharashtra allocates ₹45 crore to fight Covid-19 as cases rise to 39|work=Livemint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-maharashtra-allocates-rs-45-crore-to-fight-covid-19-as-cases-rise-to-39-11584368200723.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321130333/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-maharashtra-allocates-rs-45-crore-to-fight-covid-19-as-cases-rise-to-39-11584368200723.html|archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:COVID-19 vaccination queue 01052021.jpg|thumb|COVID-19 vaccination queue on 1 May 2021 in [[Nagpur]]]]

==Impacts==
===Education===
Maharashtra government cancelled all the exams from
grades 1–8 to make it easier to contain the Coronavirus outbreak among school students. The students of grades 1 to 8 were directly promoted to the next grade.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Choudhary|first=Abhishek|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/maha-schools-face-cov-19-test-no-exams-for-std-i-viii/articleshow/74738691.cms|title=Maharashtra schools face Covid-19 test: No exams from std 1-8.|date=21 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=7 April 2020}}</ref> Mumbai university canceled the examinations of its first and second-year students respectively<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/mumbai-university-to-conduct-exams-only-for-final-semester-students-check-dates-timetable-and-updates-here/588296|title=Mumbai University to conduct exams only for final semester students- Check updates|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=8 May 2020 }}</ref> and the education minister of Maharashtra wrote a letter to the university to cancel the examinations of its third-year students. Maharashtra board also cancelled class 10th and 12th board exams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/mumbai-university-exam-cancellation-education-minister-writes-to-ugc-asking-to-cancel-final-year-exams/594232|title=Mumbai University Exam Cancellation: Education Minister writes to UGC asking to cancel final year exams|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=19 May 2020 }}</ref>

After 4 October 2021, Maharashtra reopened schools for certain standards accordingly. Physical classes would not resume yet for standards 1st to 7th in urban areas and standards 1st to 4th in rural areas.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Schools to reopen in entire Maharashtra from October 4|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/schools-to-reopen-in-entire-maharashtra-from-october-4/articleshow/86482085.cms|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref>

From 2 March 2022, Maharashtra government has reopened schools for all the classes in all the regions of Maharashtra. The government also permitted schools to conduct offline examinations.

=== Religious Places ===
After a long pause on reopening of religious places, the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra government]] announced that religious places would reopen from 7 October 2021, the first day of [[Navaratri]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 24, 2021|first=Bhavika|last=Jain|title=Maharashtra: Religious places to reopen from October 7, announces CM Uddhav Thackeray|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-religious-places-to-reopen-from-october-7-announces-cm-uddhav-thackeray/articleshow/86488649.cms|access-date=2021-09-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Leisure Activities ===
From 15 August 2021, malls were allowed to reopen in Maharashtra but with only fully vaccinated individuals allowed to enter. Dine-in services and shops also were allowed to stay open until 10pm.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 12, 2021|first=Bhavika|last=Jain|title=Maharashtra: Malls to open at 50% intake for fully vaxxed, eateries till 10pm|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-restaurants-now-hope-to-get-some-business-eye-midnight-deadline/articleshow/85255722.cms|access-date=2021-09-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

On 25 September 2021, the Maharashtra Government announced the reopening of Cinema halls and drama theatres from 22 October.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cinema Halls In Maharashtra To Open From October 22|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cinema-halls-in-maharashtra-to-open-from-october-22-2553310|publisher=NDTV|first=Sohit Rakesh|last=Mishra|date=25 September 2021|access-date=2021-10-24|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

===Transport===
Over 20,000 bus services of [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] were cancelled since 11 March, which caused the organisation losses of {{INR}}3 crore by 17 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=MSRTC takes Rs 3-crore hit due to cancellation of services |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/msrtc-takes-rs-3crore-hit-due-to-cancellation-of-services/1771090 |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Outlook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317190516/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/msrtc-takes-rs-3crore-hit-due-to-cancellation-of-services/1771090 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Indian Railways]] cancelled 23 trains from the state in order to prevent the spread of the virus to other states.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: Central railway cancels few long distance trains to curb spread of coronavirus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-central-railway-cancels-few-long-distance-trains-to-curb-spread-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74674441.cms |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318221415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-central-railway-cancels-few-long-distance-trains-to-curb-spread-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74674441.cms |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Government of Gujarat]] started screening people entering from Mumbai and other borders with Maharashtra by mid of March. The state border was sealed completely during the first lockdown. Since [[Mumbai]] started facing the pandemic before [[Gujarat]] these precautionary measures were taken as soon as the first lockdown began.
[[Government of Telangana]] implemented screening of people entering the state of Telangana from Maharashtra at four entry points.<ref>{{cite news |title=Restrictions on Maha border extended by T |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/restrictions-on-maha-border-extended-by-t/articleshow/74663674.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318030358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/restrictions-on-maha-border-extended-by-t/articleshow/74663674.cms |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] suspended all bus services between [[Indore]] and Maharashtra until 31 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Outbreak: Bus services between Indore and Maharashtra to be suspended |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-outbreak-maharashtra-indore-bus-services-suspended-599341 |access-date=18 March 2020 |publisher=India TV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319160145/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-outbreak-maharashtra-indore-bus-services-suspended-599341 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 March, the Indian Railways announced that the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] will be closed between 22 and 31 March. [[Mumbai Monorail]] and [[Mumbai Metro]] services were also cancelled until the end of the month. Thackeray announced that state-run and private bus services will be suspended for the general public until further notice.<ref name=section144 /><ref>{{cite news |title=Local, Metro and long distance train services suspended till March 31 |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/local-metro-and-long-distance-train-services-suspended-till-march-31/articleshow/74765944.cms |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323024604/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/local-metro-and-long-distance-train-services-suspended-till-march-31/articleshow/74765944.cms |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC), the state's biggest passenger transporter is diversifying 310 public transportation buses into goods transportation buses in Nagpur, because of depleting revenue due to the lockdown. The target is to convert 3,000 buses.<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 June 2020|title=MSRTC to carry goods too, modifying 3k buses|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/msrtc-to-carry-goods-too-modifying-3k-buses/articleshow/76414789.cms|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

===Tourism===
Tourist spots in the state like [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora Caves]] in [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]], [[Elephanta Island]] in [[Raigad district]] and [[Gateway of India]] in Mumbai reportedly witnessed a sharp decline in the number of visitors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra tourism is a casualty of coronavirus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-tourism-is-a-casualty-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74575786.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314013956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-tourism-is-a-casualty-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74575786.cms |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hotel, cab and private bus businesses in the state also reported a high number of booking cancellations in March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus scare hits hotel, transport business in Pune |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/coronavirus-scare-hits-hotel-transport-business/articleshow/74584878.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312215423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/coronavirus-scare-hits-hotel-transport-business/articleshow/74584878.cms |archive-date=12 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Amidst a surge in confirmed cases across the state, the health officials declared that several tourist and religious sites will be closed down as a precautionary measure. These sites included [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]] in Mumbai, [[Tulja Bhavani Temple]] in [[Osmanabad district]], [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora Caves]] in [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]], [[Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple]] in Pune, [[Mumba Devi Temple]] in Mumbai and Saibaba Temple in [[Shirdi]]. Entry restrictions were also enforced at [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in Maharashtra: Ajanta-Ellora, Siddhivinayak, Tuljapur temples closed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/coronavirus-in-maharashtra-ajanta-ellora-siddhivinayak-tuljapur-temples-closed/articleshow/74656513.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317213407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/coronavirus-in-maharashtra-ajanta-ellora-siddhivinayak-tuljapur-temples-closed/articleshow/74656513.cms |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shirdi Saibaba Temple to shut from today amid coronavirus scare |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/shirdi-saibaba-temple-to-shut-from-today-amid-coronavirus-scare-11584423919400.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317065609/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/shirdi-saibaba-temple-to-shut-from-today-amid-coronavirus-scare-11584423919400.html |archive-date=17 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mumbai Police]] placed a ban on all group tours in the city until 31 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 impact: Mumbai Police ban group tours in city till March 31 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-mumbai-cops-invoke-section-144-to-ban-group-tours/articleshow/74637315.cms |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331200825/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-mumbai-cops-invoke-section-144-to-ban-group-tours/articleshow/74637315.cms |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Economic effects===
The virus outbreak had a significant impact on the automobile sector in the state, according to a [[CNBC TV18]] article on 21 March. [[Bajaj Auto]] closed down its manufacturing facilities in [[Akurdi]] and [[Chakan, Pune|Chakan]] until 30 March, while [[Tata Motors]] scaled down operations in its Pune plant. [[Eicher Motors]] and [[Ashok Leyland]] shut down components plant in [[Thane]] and [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]] respectively. [[Mercedes-Benz]] suspended operations at its Chakan facility until 31 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus impact: Automobile companies begin plant shutdowns in Maharashtra |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/auto/coronavirus-impact-automobile-companies-begin-plant-shutdowns-in-maharashtra-5529751.htm |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=CNBC TV18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322073342/https://www.cnbctv18.com/auto/coronavirus-impact-automobile-companies-begin-plant-shutdowns-in-maharashtra-5529751.htm |archive-date=22 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat]], [[Force Motors]] and [[JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)|JCB]] also announced suspension of operations at units in [[Ranjangaon]], Akurdi and Chakan respectively, until 31 March.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus pandemic {{!}} Car, bike factories in Pune shut till 31 March; Mercedes, Fiat, JCB join the league|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/auto/coronavirus-pandemic-car-bike-factories-in-pune-shut-till-march-31-mercedes-fiat-jcb-join-the-league-5058541.html|access-date=22 March 2020|work=Moneycontrol|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322080111/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/auto/coronavirus-pandemic-car-bike-factories-in-pune-shut-till-march-31-mercedes-fiat-jcb-join-the-league-5058541.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] also declared that it would suspend manufacturing at its Nashik plant and production at its Chakan and [[Kandivali]] units, starting from 23 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Containing Coronavirus: Maruti Suzuki, M&M, Hero MotoCorp Suspend Production |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/coronavirus-impact-hero-motocorp-fiat-suspend-production-till-end-of-this-month |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=Bloomberg Quint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323021527/https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/coronavirus-impact-hero-motocorp-fiat-suspend-production-till-end-of-this-month |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a 17 March article in the [[Indian Express]], the [[economy of Mumbai]] was projected to suffer losses worth at least {{INR}} 16,000 crore per month in the service sector, as a result of the outbreak. In addition, it predicted that the city's tourism industry would lose {{INR}} 2,200 crore per month from international tourists.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 impact: Mumbai economy staring at loss of around Rs 16,000 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/covid-19-impact-mumbai-economy-losses-6320603/ |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327224620/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/covid-19-impact-mumbai-economy-losses-6320603/ |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The entertainment industry in the state also suffered financially, with several [[Bollywood]] films postponing release dates or halting production, causing an "acute financial crunch" for many members of the [[Federation of Western India Cine Employees]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood braces for huge losses amid coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/25/bollywood-braces-for-huge-losses-amid-coronavirus-lockdown |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=Euronews |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330134943/https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/25/bollywood-braces-for-huge-losses-amid-coronavirus-lockdown |archive-date=30 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bollywood films were estimated to lose box office revenue of over {{INR}} 1,300 crore due to the lockdown.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood stares at dry summer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bollywood-stares-at-dry-summer/story-YNBOAnvDCZGh3jVhjcpWYI.html |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331032518/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bollywood-stares-at-dry-summer/story-YNBOAnvDCZGh3jVhjcpWYI.html |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 March, the state government slashed electricity tariff by an average of 8 percent for a period of five years in order to minimize the economic impact of the outbreak on industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus pandemic: Maharashtra govt announces 8 per cent cut in electricity tariff for 5 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/coronavirus-pandemic-maharashtra-govt-announces-8-per-cent-cut-in-electricity-tariff-for-5-years/articleshow/74899606.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331045529/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/coronavirus-pandemic-maharashtra-govt-announces-8-per-cent-cut-in-electricity-tariff-for-5-years/articleshow/74899606.cms |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister, [[Ajit Pawar]], announced that the March salaries of all elected representatives (MLAs, MLCs and Chief Minister) would be cut by 60 percent, while some of the government employees will also see 25 to 50 percent salary cuts due to the economic crisis arising from outbreak and lockdown.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra announces salary cuts for State politicians, govt personnel |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/maharashtra-announces-salary-cuts-for-state-politicians-govt-personnel/article31218864.ece |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Business Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404000655/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/maharashtra-announces-salary-cuts-for-state-politicians-govt-personnel/article31218864.ece |archive-date=4 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Efforts to improve the economy ====
According to the Maharashtra government, 60,000 industries have been re-opened in the state, which employ close to 1.5 million people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Covid-19 outbreak: Maharashtra will sign 12 FDIs to revive economy|work=Live Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-outbreak-maharashtra-will-sign-12-fdis-to-revive-economy-11592153528644.html|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref> The government also states that there have been investment intentions (FDI) from countries such as Germany, Japan, Russia.<ref name=":0" />

===Migrant workers===
{{Main|Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic}}
After the enforcement of lockdown, scores of migrant labourers in Maharashtra who were left without work began to leave for their respective states.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Fallout: From Maharashtra, an Exodus of Migrant Workers With No Work |url=https://science.thewire.in/health/coronavirus-maharashtra-migrant-workers/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=The Wire}}</ref> Thousands of workers reportedly started going to [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] by foot as transport facilities were suspended, but were stranded at the state border.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus lockdown: 3,000 migrant workers going on foot stuck at Maharashtra-Gujarat border|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/coronavirus-lockdown-3000-migrant-workers-going-on-foot-stuck-at-maharashtra-gujarat-border-818526.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Thackeray appealed to the migrant workers to not travel back to their states,<ref>{{cite news |title=Uddhav Thackeray appeals to migrant workers in Maharashtra to stay put |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/uddhav-thackeray-appeals-to-migrant-workers-in-maharashtra-to-stay-put/article31189724.ece |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Business Line}}</ref> and announced a {{INR}} 45 crore package to provide food and accommodation for migrant labourers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra earmarks Rs 45 crore for food, shelter to migrant workers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/30/maharashtra-earmarks-rs-45-crore-for-food-shelter-to-migrant-workers-2123545.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> On 30 March, the state government set up 262 relief camps across the state, providing food and shelter to 70,339 migrant workers and homeless people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra government sets up relief camps for migrant workers |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/maharashtra-government-sets-up-relief-camps-for-migrant-workers-amid-lockdown/articleshow/74889854.cms |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Pune Mirror |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410134438/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/maharashtra-government-sets-up-relief-camps-for-migrant-workers-amid-lockdown/articleshow/74889854.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 8 April, it was reported that 4,653 camps were functioning across the state, which housed more than 550,000 people. These camps were started by district administrations, labour department, irrigation department and cooperative sugar mills.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: 5.5 lakh migrant workers now in 4,600 camps, govt wants employers to cough up cash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/maharashtra-5-5-lakh-migrant-workers-now-in-4600-camps-govt-wants-employers-to-cough-up-cash/articleshow/75042987.cms |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Several employers such as [[Larsen & Toubro]], [[Godrej Group]] and [[Shapoorji Pallonji]] announced that they would provide food, accommodation and wages to their migrant labourers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why isn't Mumbai seeing an exodus of migrant workers? |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/why-isn-t-mumbai-seeing-an-exodus-of-migrant-workers-11585851183791.html |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

On 14 April, thousands of migrant workers protested against the lockdown near [[Bandra railway station]] in Mumbai, and demanded to be sent back to their states. Police made use of baton charges to disperse the unruly crowd and control the situation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands of migrant labourers assemble outside Mumbai station hoping to reach homes |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/thousands-of-migrant-labourers-assemble-outside-mumbai-station-hoping-to-reach-homes-11586872359803.html |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

By 1 May, authorities reported that 11.86 lakh migrant workers had been taken back to their home state by at least 822 Shramik special trains.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 June 2020|title=Maharashtra sends back 11.86 lakh migrant workers|work=Live Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-impact-maharashtra-sends-back-11-86-lakh-migrant-workers-11591024505693.html|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Violation of norms ===
After many suspected patients fled from isolation wards of hospitals, the state government directed officials at hospitals and airports to stamp the left hand of people placed under 14-day home quarantine with details of their quarantine period using [[Election ink|indelible ink]], so as to easily identify them. It also announced that those who violate the quarantine will be isolated at a government facility.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maharashtra Stamps Left Hand Of Those In Home Quarantine|publisher=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-coronavirus-scare-maharashtra-to-stamp-those-in-home-quarantine-2195909|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317152616/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-coronavirus-scare-maharashtra-to-stamp-those-in-home-quarantine-2195909|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>

==Testing==

Until mid-March, the state had three testing facilities, which also tested samples from some other states for confirmation, viz. [[National Institute of Virology]] in Pune, [[Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur|Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital]] in [[Nagpur]] and [[Kasturba Hospital (Mumbai)|Kasturba Hospital]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Maharashtra labs testing coronavirus samples from other states too |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/three-maharashtra-labs-testing-coronavirus-samples-from-other-states-too/articleshow/74711683.cms?from=mdr |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

As of 19 June 2020, the state had 61 government labs and 43 private labs approved by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] set up across the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Private_Lab_04042020.pdf|title=List of Private Laboratories to test COVID-19 |website=[[Indian Council of Medical Research]] |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405143758/https://icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Private_Lab_04042020.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=6 April 2020 |date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Govt_Labs_functional_for_COVID19_testing_05042020.pdf|title=Total Operational Government Laboratories Supported (provided diagnostic kits or reagents) by ICMR 136 + 3 collection sites |website=[[Indian Council of Medical Research]] |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406175314/https://icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Govt_Labs_functional_for_COVID19_testing_05042020.pdf|archive-date=6 April 2020|access-date=6 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}</ref>

As of 10 April, Maharashtra has tested the most samples by any state in the country. Experts attribute the high number of positive cases in the state to "increased testing and surveillance" being done by the state authorities.<ref name=apr10/>

==See also==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.covid19maharashtragov.in/mh-covid/dashboard Maharashtra official COVID dashboard - cases, maps, and charts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913032611/https://www.covid19maharashtragov.in/mh-covid/dashboard |date=13 September 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918114649/https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/countries-and-territories/india/ Reuters Covid-19 Tracker India. Current charts of infections, deaths, vaccinations]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India by state or union territory|Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2020s in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Health in Maharashtra]]

Malaysian Gujaratis

2025-12-05T15:08:57Z

Geri3389994518: brief expand structure also and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Short description|Indian Ethnic Group in Malaysia}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Malaysians Gujaratis
| native_name = મલેશિયન ગુજરાતીઓ
| native_name_lang = gu
| image = India and Malaysia (1892) (14769064942).jpg
| image_caption = A Gujarati family in Malaysia, photographed c.1892
| population = More than '''31,500''')
(>1% of Malaysian Indians){{source needed|date=June 2019}}
| popplace = [[Malaysia]] ([[Peninsular Malaysia]])
| langs = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Malaysian English|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rels = Predominantly [[Hinduism]]{{·}}[[Jainism]]
{{hlist|Also: [[Christianity]]{{·}}[[Islam]]
}}{{Fcn|date=July 2025}}
| related = [[Tamil people|Tamil]], [[Tamil Malaysian]], [[Malaysian Malayali]], [[Indian Singaporeans]],
}}

'''Malaysian Gujaratis''' ({{Langx|gu|મલેશિયન ગુજરાતીઓ}}) are people of full or partial [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] descent who were born in, or immigrated to [[Malaysia]]. Gujaratis first arrived in Malaya in the 14th century CE, to trade spices with the [[Sultanate of Malacca]].<ref name="pressreader.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-sun-malaysia/20150225/281831462182561|title=Journey of enrichment|via=PressReader|date=25 Feb 2015}}</ref> It was until the 19th century, they settled in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratikl.com.my/general_info3.htm|title=Gujarati's Of Malaysia Welcome you ALL|website=Gujaratikl.com.my|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109032404/http://www.gujaratikl.com.my/general_info3.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Malaysian Gujaratis work as traders. The Gujaratis were mainly from the ports of [[Cambay State|Cambay]], [[Kutch district|Kutch]] and [[Surat]] in [[Gujarat]], and settled in urban parts of Malaya, including [[Georgetown, Penang|Georgetown]], [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Ipoh]].<ref name="pressreader.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.penangstory.net.my/indian-content-paperjessica.html|title=The North Indians - Rediscovering Roots in Penang|date=11 August 2015|website=Penangstory.net.my|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Malaysian Indians]]

==References==
<references/>
{{Indians in Malaysia}}
{{Ethnic groups in Malaysia}}
{{Gujarati diaspora}}

[[Category:Indian diaspora in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Gujarati diaspora]]

{{Malaysia-bio-stub}}

Ehan Bhat

2025-11-22T14:52:30Z

Geri3389994518:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ehan Bhat
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|02|11}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| years_active = 2019–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor}}
| height =
| website =
}}

'''Ehan Bhat''' (born 11 February 1992) is an Indian actor, best known for his leading role in the film ''[[99 Songs]]'' (2019), for which he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]]. He has since acted in the web series ''[[Broken But Beautiful]]'' (2021) and the film ''[[Starfish (2023 film)|Starfish]]'' (2023).<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet A.R. Rahman's lead hero Ehan Bhat {{!}} India Post News Paper |url=https://www.indiapost.com/meet-a-r-rahmans-lead-hero-ehan-bhat/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=India Post |date=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kashmiri star Ehan Bhat hopes to be an inspiration for people |url=https://www.orissapost.com/kashmiri-star-ehan-bhat-hopes-to-be-an-inspiration-for-people/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=OrissaPOST |date=31 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AR Rahman’s '99 Songs': Debutant Ehan Bhat says his dream is to be the greatest actor - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ar-rahmans-99-songs-debutant-ehan-bhat-says-his-dream-is-to-be-the-greatest-actor/articleshow/81823795.cms |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2022 full list of winners: Shershaah, Sardar Udham win big; Ranveer Singh, Kriti Sanon bag best actor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2022-full-list-of-winners-shershaah-sardar-udham-win-big-ranveer-singh-kriti-sanon-bag-best-actor-101661916046782.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=31 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background:#FFFFCC;|{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}}
|Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''[[99 Songs]]''
| Jay
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=99 Songs: AR Rahman introduces Ehan Bhat, male lead of film marking his debut as producer, writer |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/99-songs-ar-rahman-introduces-ehan-bhat-male-lead-of-film-marking-his-debut-as-producer-writer-6524211.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=26 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Starfish (2023 film)|Starfish]]''
| Neil
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=EXCLUSIVE! Khushalii Kumar & Ehan Bhat talk about their film Starfish |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/interviews/exclusive-khushalii-kumar-ehan-bhat-talk-about-their-film-starfish-video-105364299 |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[TimesNow]] |date=20 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123084349/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/interviews/exclusive-khushalii-kumar-ehan-bhat-talk-about-their-film-starfish-video-105364299 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2024
|''[[Dange (film)|Dange]]''
| Yuvaraj
| Acted only in Hindi version
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/bejoy-nambiar-keeps-his-2-year-old-promise-casts-harshvardhan-rane-for-his-next-dange-2490797.html/amp|title=Bejoy Nambiar keeps his 2-year old promise, casts Harshvardhan Rane for his next 'Dangey'|work=Zee News |access-date=20 September 2022 |quote=The film stars Rane with Ehan Bhat}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Dil Dosti Aur Dogs]]''
| Sunny
|
|
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Broken But Beautiful]]''
| Ishan Rana
| Season 3
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Singer(s)
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
| ''Bin Puche Ajana''
| [[Ami Mishra]]
|
|-
|''First Kiss''
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Ipsitaa
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Chhor Denge''
| [[Sachet–Parampara|Parampara Thakur]]
|<ref>{{cite web|date=January 30, 2021|first=Vibha|last=Maru|title=Nora Fatehi's new single Chhod Denge is about heartbreak and revenge. See first look|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/nora-fatehi-s-new-single-chhod-denge-is-about-heartbreak-and-revenge-see-first-look-1764249-2021-01-30|access-date=2021-01-30|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''Tera Mera Pyar 2.0''
| [[Yasser Desai]], Josh Sahunta
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 2022
| [[67th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| ''[[99 Songs]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the Filmfare Awards 2022 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-wolf777news-filmfare-awards-2022_-55337.html |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm9374757}}

{{Authority control}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestMaleDebut}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, Ehan}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Banu Mushtaq

2025-11-20T20:59:57Z

Geri3389994518: adding a data

{{Short description|Indian writer and activist (born 1948)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Banu Mushtaq
| honorific-suffix =
| image =Banu Mushtaq 1 at Kollam 2025.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banu Mushtaq at Kollam, 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1948|04|03}}
| birth_place = [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]] (now [[Hassan, Karnataka]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Writer, activist and lawyer
| education =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| period =
| movement =
| genre =
| subjects =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| notableworks = ''[[Heart Lamp: Selected Stories |Heart Lamp]]'' (translated by [[Deepa Bhasthi]])
| awards = [[International Booker Prize]] (2025)
| signature =
| relatives =
}}

'''Banu Mushtaq''' (born 3 April 1948) is an Indian [[Kannada]]-language writer, activist, and lawyer from [[Karnataka]]. She is best known for ''[[Heart Lamp: Selected Stories |Heart Lamp]]'', a selection of her short stories translated by [[Deepa Bhasthi]], which won the [[International Booker Prize]] in 2025. She has published six short story collections, a novel, an essay collection, and a poetry collection. Her work has been translated into [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]] and English.

== Personal life and activism ==
Banu Mushtaq was born into a [[Muslims in India|Muslim]] family in [[Hassan, Karnataka]], on 3 April 1948.<ref name=hindu/><ref name=nia>{{cite web |title=Muslim patriarchs – I prefer to call them Muslim fascist forces: Banu Mushtaque (interview) |url=https://www.newageislam.com/interview/banu-mushtaq/muslim-patriarchs-i-prefer-call-them-muslim-fascist-forces-banu-mushtaque/d/3307 |website=[[New Age Islam]]|interviewer=Yoginder Sikand|access-date=27 March 2025 |date=17 August 2010}}</ref> When she was eight years old, Mushtaq was enrolled in a Kannada-language missionary school in [[Shimoga|Shivamogga]], on the condition that she must learn "to read and write Kannada in six months"; she exceeded expectations by beginning to write after a few days of school.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sathish |first=G. T. |date=4 March 2025 |title=Firebrand writer Banu Mushtaq, and her International Booker Prize-longlisted anthology, Heart Lamp |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/kannada-author-banu-mushtaq-international-booker-prize-longlist-heart-lamp-short-stories-translation-deepa-bhasthi/article69268894.ece |access-date=27 March 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In contrast to community expectations, she attended university and married for love at the age of 26.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Kanika |date=1 March 2025 |title=Banu Mushtaq wrote ''Heart Lamp'' for 33 years. Now, it's nominated for the International Booker Prize |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/banu-mushtaq-wrote-heart-lamp-for-33-years-nominated-for-international-booker-prize |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

She was a reporter for the newspaper ''[[Lankesh Patrike]]''<ref name=":1" /> and, for some months, she worked for [[All India Radio]] in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name=nia/>

Since the 1980s, Mushtaq has been involved in activist movements working to undermine "fundamentalism and social injustices" in Karnataka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title='In Karnataka, Cultural Practices Basavanna Fought Against Are Getting Reintroduced' |url=https://article-14.com/post/-in-karnataka-cultural-practices-basavanna-fought-against-are-getting-reintroduced--6231ec2685c76|first=Basav |last=Biradar|date=17 March 2022|access-date=27 March 2025 |website=article-14.com}}</ref>

In 2000, a three-month "social [[boycott]]" was announced against Mushtaq and her family in response to her "advocacy of the right of Muslim women to enter mosques".<ref name=":3" /> During that time, she received menacing telephone calls and a man attempted to stab her but was thwarted by her husband.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mollan |first1=Cherylann |title=India's Banu Mushtaq makes history with International Booker win |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c308qjpz9y2o |access-date=22 May 2025 |agency=BBC News |date=21 May 2025}}</ref>

In the early 2000s, Mushtaq joined the civil society group [[Komu Souhardha Vedike]] in protesting efforts to prevent Muslims from visiting a syncretic shrine in [[Baba Budangiri]], [[Chikmagalur district]].<ref name=":3" />

Mushtaq has supported the right of Muslim students to wear hijab in schools, which has been [[2022 Karnataka hijab row|challenged in Karnataka]].<ref name=":3" />

She speaks Kannada, Hindi, [[Dakhni Urdu]], and English.<ref name=":1" />

== Writing ==
[[File:Banu Mushtaq talk 2025.webm|thumb|Booker prize winner Banu Mushtaq talk at Kollam 2025]]
Mushtaq was interested in writing from a young age, but did not become a writer until the age of 29, as a new mother suffering from [[postpartum depression]]. Mushtaq turned to writing to explore her feelings and experiences. Much of her writing looks at women's issues.<ref name=":1" />

Mushtaq has published six collections of short stories, a novel, a collection of essays and a collection of poetry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors: Banu Mushtaq |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/banu-mushtaq |publisher=The Booker Prizes |access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref> Her work has been translated into Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, and Malayalam, as well as, very recently, English.<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors: Banu Mushtaq |url=https://www.andotherstories.org/authors/banu-mushtaq/ |website=[[And Other Stories]] |access-date=27 March 2025 |date=4 December 2024}}</ref> Her story ''Karinaagaragalu'' was adapted into the 2003 Kannada film ''[[Hasina (film)|Hasina]]'' by [[Girish Kasaravalli]].<ref name=":1" />

===''Heart Lamp''===
Mushtaq's first full-length book to be translated into English was ''[[Heart Lamp: Selected Stories]]'' (published by [[And Other Stories]], 2025), a selection of women-centred stories set in Muslim communities in southern India. The translator, [[Deepa Bhasthi]], began translating Mushtaq's work into English in 2022.<ref name=":1" /> Bhasthi selected the volume's twelve stories from the six collections Mushtaq had published between 1990 and 2023.<ref name="radical">{{cite news |last1=Knight |first1=Lucy |title='Radical translation' of ''Heart Lamp'' by Banu Mushtaq wins International Booker prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/may/20/radical-translation-of-heart-lamp-by-banu-mushtaq-wins-international-booker-prize |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=20 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An interview with Banu Mushtaq and Deepa Bhasthi, author and translator of Heart Lamp |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/features/banu-mushtaq-and-deepa-bhasthi-interview-heart-lamp |website=The Booker Prizes |access-date=21 May 2025 |date=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In May 2025, ''Heart Lamp'' won the 2025 [[International Booker Prize]].<ref name="win">{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Alex |title=Banu Mushtaq's ''Heart Lamp'', a Story Collection, Wins International Booker Prize |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/20/books/review/international-booker-prize-winner.html |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=20 May 2025}}</ref> Mushtaq was the first Kannada-language writer to have their work nominated for the prize.<ref name=":0" /> Deepa Bhasthi was the first Indian translator to win the prize and this was the first short story collection ever to win the prize.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banu Mushtaq and Deepa Bhasthi have won the International Booker Prize 2025 for ''Heart Lamp'', the first collection of short stories to win the prize |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/international/2025 |website=The Booker Prizes |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref>

The stories in the collection reflect Mushtaq's life as a journalist and lawyer, with a focus on women's rights and resistance to caste and religious injustice in her part of the country.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web |last=The Hindu Staff |title=Who is Banu Mushtaq? Kannada writer who scripted history with 2025 International Booker Prize win |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/who-is-banu-mushtaq-kannada-writer-who-scripted-history-with-international-booker-prize-win/article69600716.ece |website=The Hindu |location=Bangalore |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

Chair of the Booker International judges [[Max Porter (writer)|Max Porter]] said that although the stories are feminist, and "contain extraordinary accounts of patriarchal systems and resistance", first and foremost they are "beautiful accounts of everyday life and particularly the lives of women".<ref name="radical" /> ''[[The Guardian]]'' commented that the "tone varies from quiet to comic, but the vision is consistent" and called it a "wonderful collection".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Self |first1=John |title=A Danish Groundhog Day or tales of millennial angst… What should win this year's International Booker? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/may/18/what-should-win-next-weeks-international-booker |website=The Guardian |access-date=21 May 2025 |date=18 May 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
* 1999: [[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Daana Chintamani Attimabbe Award]]<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last1=Creamer |first1=Ella |title=All 13 writers on International Booker longlist are first-time nominees |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/25/all-13-writers-on-international-booker-longlist-are-first-time-nominees |access-date=27 March 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=25 February 2025}}</ref>
* 2024: [[English PEN|PEN English Translate Award]], for Deepa Bhasthi's translation of ''Haseena and Other Stories''<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2024 |title=Collection of Banu Mushtaq's short stories translated into English wins PEN English Translate award |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/collection-of-banu-mushtaqs-short-stories-translated-into-english-wins-pen-english-translate-award/article68418815.ece |access-date=27 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 2025: [[International Booker Prize]] for ''Heart Lamp'', translated by Deepa Bhasthi<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Alex |title=International Booker Prize Shortlist: 6 Books to Talk About |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/08/books/international-booker-prize-shortlist.html |access-date=8 April 2025 |work=New York Times |date=8 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Booker Prize for Banu Mushtaq: Celebrations in Hassan as Kannada Author Wins Prestigious Award |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/celebrations-at-banu-mushtaqs-home-in-hassan-after-international-booker-prize-win-3550660 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en|first=Gayathri V |last=Raj|date=21 May 2025}}</ref>

==Controversy==
The [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government's decision to invite Booker Prize laureate Banu Mushtaq to kick off the [[Mysore Dasara]] celebrations involving ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' to Goddess [[Bhuvaneshvari]] was met with opposition on 22 September, 2025 when a video of her criticizing the devotion of the [[Kannada language]] in the form of Goddess Bhuvaneshwari went viral.<ref>{{cite web | title=Row over Banu Mushtaq's 2023 speech on Kannada deity | website=Deccan Herald | date=2025-08-26 | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/row-over-banu-mushtaqs-2023-speech-on-kannada-deity-3696868 | access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref> She responded by telling [[The Hindu]] newspaper, "Active politicians should have a sense of what to politicise and what not to."<ref>{{cite web | last=Mollan | first=Cherylann | title=Banu Mushtaq: Why is India's International Booker Prize winner at the centre of a political row? | website=BBC Home | date=2025-08-29 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czxpzl12pqeo | access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref>

==Publications==
* ''ಹಸೀನಾ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು'' [{{tlit|kn|Hasīna mattu itara kathegaḷu}}] (compilation, Abhiruchi Prakashana, 2013) {{isbn|9788178770611}}, {{oclc|896807078}}
**''Haseena and Other Stories'' (translated by Deepa Bhasthi, 2024)
*''[[Heart Lamp: Selected Stories]]'' (compilation, translated by Deepa Bhasthi, And Other Stories, 2025), {{isbn|9781916751163}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mushtaq, Banu}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Activists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:People from Hassan]]
[[Category:People with mood disorders]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]

Aditi Gautam

2025-11-17T20:07:34Z

Geri3389994518: adding new article

{{Short description|Indian model and actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Aditi Gautam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| other_names =
| birth_date = 20 July<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aditi-gautam-celebrates-birthday-with-family-and-friends-at-her-home-in-mumbai/articleshow/93035700.cms |title=Aditi Gautam celebrates birthday with family and friends at her home in Mumbai - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| birth_place =[[Mumbai]], India
| alma_mater =
| occupation =Model Actress
| spouse = Mickhaill Palkhivala<ref name="South Actress-Model Aditi Gautam Marries Mumbai-Based Businessman">{{cite news |last1=News18 |title=South Actress-Model Aditi Gautam Marries Mumbai-Based Businessman |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/neninthe-fame-aditi-gautam-ties-the-knot-with-this-mumbai-based-businessman-7027579.html |access-date=21 September 2023 |date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921172728/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/neninthe-fame-aditi-gautam-ties-the-knot-with-this-mumbai-based-businessman-7027579.html |archive-date=21 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| works =
| awards =
}}
'''Aditi Gautam''', also credited as '''Seiya Gautam''', is an Indian [[Model (person)|model]] turned actress known for her work in Telugu and Hindi language films.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aditi-gautam-is-excited-about-her-film-pakka-commercials-ott-streaming/articleshow/93314774.cms |title=Aditi Gautam is excited about her film Pakka commercial's OTT streaming |newspaper=The Times of India |date=3 August 2022 |accessdate=5 December 2022}}</ref> Aditi made her [[Telugu cinema]] debut with the 2008 film ''[[Neninthe]]'' and her [[Hindi cinema]] debut with the 2018 film ''[[Sanju]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/jul/29/actor-aditi-gautam-chats-with-us-about-her-recent-outing-pakka-commercial-42749.html |title=Actor Aditi Gautam chats with us about her recent outing, Pakka Commercial |website=indulgexpress.com|date=28 July 2022 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Neninthe]]'' || Sandhya || rowspan="2" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || rowspan="3" | credited as Siya Gautham ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/puris-discovery-siya/articleshow/3468246.cms |title=Puri's discovery: Siya |website=The Times of India |date=11 September 2008 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]'' || Zara || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/seiya-gautam-is-gald-to-be-back-in-tollywood/articleshow/45297512.cms |title=Seiya Gautam is gald to be back in Tollywood |work=The Times of India |date=15 January 2017 |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Double Decker (2011 film)|Double Decker]]'' || Ganga || [[Kannada]] ||<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2016 |title=Double Decker Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/double-decker/movie-review/12162247.cms?from=mdr |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sanju]]'' || [[Priya Dutt]] || [[Hindi]] || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2018 |title=Ranbir Kapoor, Rajkumar Hirani, Karishma Tanna, Dia Mirza along with Sanju team celebrate the massive success with a grand bash |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ranbir-kapoor-rajkumar-hirani-karishma-tanna-dia-mirza-along-sanju-team-celebrate-massive-success-grand-bash/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Pakka Commercial]]'' || Saira Banu aka Amulya || rowspan="3" | Telugu || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/bollywood/2022/08/aditi-gautam-about-her-pakka-commercial-on-netflix/ |title=Aditi Gautam about her 'Pakka Commercial' on Netflix |date=5 August 2022 |website=Urban Asian}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes]]''
|Constable Lakshmi
|credited as Siya Gowtam
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes teaser: Appears promising |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-teaser-appears-promising |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Telugucinema.com|Telugu Cinema]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}} || ''Pilavani Perantam'' || || Delayed|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lakshmi-manchus-pilavani-perantam-launched/articleshow/45191500.cms |title=Lakshmi Manchu's Pilavani Perantam launched |date=15 January 2017 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Streaming television ===
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Role
!scope="col" |Network
!scope="col" |Language
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2023
!scope="row" |''[[Athidhi (TV series)|Athidhi]]''
|Sandhya
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|Telugu
|
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|13142081}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gautam, Aditi}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]

{{India-film-actor-1980s-stub}}
{{model-stub}}

Subash Chandra Behera

2025-09-30T00:00:40Z

Geri3389994518: created initial article w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency|Chhatrapur]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Priyanshu Pradhan
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image =
}}
'''Subash Chandra Behera''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhatrapur Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Chhatrapur Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/chhatrapur-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Chhatrapur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/chhatrapur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916579.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Subash Chandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (TV series)

2025-09-22T03:45:35Z

Geri3389994518: Improved wording and formatting

{{short description|Hindi television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kabhihaan.jpg
| caption =
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil.
| creator =
| writer = Vinay Choudary
| director = Bhushan Patel
| starring = [[#Cast|see below]]
| opentheme = "Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa" by Gaurav Issar
| country = India
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 112
| producer = Shrishti Arya
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2004|11|8|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2005|5|19|df=y}}
}}

'''''Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa''''' is a Hindi television comedy-drama series that aired on [[Zee TV]] channel from 8 November 2004 to 19 May 2005. The story deals with three guys having a distinctly different take on love, life and relationships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/serial-snatch-movie-in-episodes/articleshow/910459.cms|title=Serial snatch: Movie in episodes|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 November 2004|first=Shabana|last=Ansari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-it-is-disappointing-when-your-scenes-are-edited-from-a-film/20140406.htm|title='It is disappointing when your scenes are edited from a film'|website=Rediff}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story is based on the lives of three boys. All three have many different ways of attracting girls.
Aditya "Adi" is always in search of his dream girl which keeps changing daily. This is the reason he keeps an empty photo frame in his room. He is a perfect gentleman and a very romantic kind of guy who works in his own company, but does nothing since everything is taken care of by his brother. All he does is go to his office and sit in his cubicle with a very cute secretary and then go home. He sometimes escorts visiting delegates, especially if they are female.

Chetan is flirt; handsome and very good looking. He works in an ad agency, but always makes others, especially women, do the work for him. He does not believe in love. His is always a "wham bam, thank you mam" kind of relationship. But he falls in love with a girl who is already engaged.

Deepankar is completely out of shape and has a sister who wants to marry him off before he gets spoiled by his friends. He works in a bank. He is always afraid of his sister who is an IAS officer.

Even though all these boys are apart from each other in their personality and style, they are best friends who help each other setting up girls.

== Cast ==
* [[Mihir Mishra]] as Aditya "Adi"
* [[Kushal Punjabi]] as Chetan
* [[Vishal Singh (actor, born 1974)|Vishal Singh]] as Deepankar
* Dimple Inamdar as Ananya
* [[Muskaan Mihani]] as Sanjana
* [[Gaurav Chopra]] as Kabir Jairath
* [[Satyajit Sharma]] as Kartik
* [[Payal Nair]] as Vandana
* [[Tarana Raja]] as Devika
* Divya Jagdale as Vishakha
* [[Kiku Sharda]] as Jay
* [[Sonia Kapoor]] as Avantika
* [[Suhasi Goradia Dhami]] as Samantha "Sam"

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.zeetv.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=42 Official Site]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:2004 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2005 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]

2020–21 Gokulam Kerala FC season

2025-09-08T21:53:29Z

Geri3389994518: adding new post

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
| image =
| logo =
| season = 2020–21
| chairman = Gokulam Gopalan
| manager = [[Vincenzo Alberto Annese]]
| mgrtitle = Head Coach
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| league = [[2020–21 I-League|I-League]]
| league result = [[2020–21 I-League]]
| cup1 = [[2020 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]] | cup1 result = [[2020 IFA Shield|quarter finals]]
| cup2 = [[2020 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]
| cup2 result =
| league topscorer =[[Denny Antwi]] (11 goals)
| season topscorer =[[Denny Antwi]] (18 goals)
| average attendance =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =


|pattern_la1=
|pattern_b1=_darkred2
|pattern_ra1=
|pattern_sh1=
|pattern_so1=_redsides
|leftarm1=C40233
|body1=C40233
|rightarm1=9B111E
|shorts1=
|socks1=

pattern_la2=
|pattern_b2=_thinblackstripes
|pattern_ra2=
|pattern_sh2=_orangesides
|pattern_so2=
|leftarm2=FB9902
|body2=FB9902
|rightarm2=FB9902
|shorts2=8B0000
|socks2=

| prevseason = [[2019–20 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season|2019–20]]
| nextseason = [[2021–22 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season|2021–22]]
}}

The '''2020-21 season''' was '''[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]'s''' fourth season since its establishment in 2017 and their fourth season in the [[I-League]].In addition to the I league Gokulam Kerala also participated in the [[Durand Cup]] and IFA Shield

==Squad information==

===First-team squad===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:lEFT; font-size:90%;width:60%"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Squad no.
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Name
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Position(s)
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Age
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Previous club
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Since
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Goalkeepers'''
|-
| 1
| [[Ubaid CK]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 30
|{{fbicon|IND}}[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|2019
|-
| 30
| Vicky Bhaskaran
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 30
|Academy
|2019
|-
| 31
| Ajmal PA
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 24
|Academy
|2018
|-
|
| Shayan Roy
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 28
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[TRAU]]
|2020
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Defenders'''
|-
| 2
| [[Naocha Singh]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|LB]]
| 20
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2019
|-
| 3
| Jasim
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|LB]]
| 20
|Academy
|2020
|-
| 4
| [[Rowilson Rodrigues]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 33
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|2020
|-
| 5
| [[Sharif Mukhammad]]
| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 30
|{{fbicon|MDV}} [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]]
|2020
|-
| 6
| [[Ashok Singh (footballer, born 1993)|Ashok Singh]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 27
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2019
|-
| 14
| [[Zodingliana Ralte]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|LB]]
| 25
|{{flagicon|India}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2020
|-
| 15
| [[Mohamed Salah (Indian footballer)|Mohamed Salah]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|LB]]
| 25
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT Tirur]]
|2019
|-
| 24
| [[Jestin George]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 22
|Academy
|2018
|-
| 26
| [[Deepak Devrani]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 28
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[TRAU]]
|2020
|-
| 27
| [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|RB]]
| 22
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2019
|-
| 49
| [[Mohamed Awal]]
| {{flagicon|GHA}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 32
|{{flagicon|ETH}} [[Wolkite City F.C.|Wolkite City]]
|2020
|-
|
| Muhammad Asif
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 23
|{{flagicon|NPL}} [[Chyasal Youth Club]]
|2020
|-
|
| [[Chingkham Roshan Singh]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 25
|{{flagicon|India}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2020
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center" | '''MidFielders'''
|-
| 12
| [[Muhammed Rashid]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 26
|Academy
|2017
|-
| 13
|[[Mayakkannan]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 26
|Academy
|2019
|-
| 16
| [[Salman K]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| 24
|Academy
|2017
|-
| 17
| [[Thahir Zaman]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| 22
|Academy
|2020
|-
| 18
| [[Jithin M S]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| 22
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Kerala blasters]]
|2019
|-
| 22
| [[Shibil Muhammed]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| 22
|Academy
|2019
|-
| 47
| Vincy Barreto
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| 22
|{{fbicon|IND}} FC GOA Reserves
|2020
|-
|
| Mahip Adhikari
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| 22
|[[Garhwal F.C.|Garhwal]]
|2020
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Forwards'''
|-
| 10
| [[Ngangom Ronald Singh]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]/[[Forward (association football)|ST]]
| 23
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2020
|-
| 11
| Emil Benny
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| 21
|Academy
|2020
|-
| 20
|[[Philip Adjah]]
| {{flagicon|GHA}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 24
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|2020
|-
| 28
| [[Lalromawia]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| 22
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Chhinga Veng F.C.]]
|2019
|-
| 33
|[[Denny Antwi]]
| {{flagicon|GHA}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 27
|{{flagicon|SWE}}[[Trelleborgs FF|Trelleborg]]
|2020
|-
|
| [[Malemngamba Meitei]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
|
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|2019
|-
|
| Faslu Rahman
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| 25
|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT Tirur]]
|2020
|-
|}

===Other contracts===
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=6 |nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Shameel|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=7 |nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sanathoi Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=9 |nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Shihad Nelliparamban|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=19 |nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ganesan|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=- |nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Safwan|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=- |nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Febin|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=- |nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Alphin|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=- |nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Mahin|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=- |nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Safeer|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Pritam Singh|other=}}
{{fs end}}

==Transfers and loans==

===Transfers in===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Entry date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Previous club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|18 July 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Ngangom Ronald Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=Gokulam Kerala sign Ngangom Ronald Singh from NEROCA FC|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-sign-ngangom-ronald-singh/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Khel Now|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|25 July 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Muhammed Asif]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|NPL}} [[Chyasal Youth Club]]
| None
|
|-
|2 August 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Faslu Rahman]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sports Academy Tirur]]
| none
|
|-
|9 August 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DM
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Rishad PP]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sports Academy Tirur]]
| None
|
|-
|14 August 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Shayan Roy
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU]]
| none
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Gokulam Kerala sign former TRAU FC goalkeeper Shayan Roy|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-sign-shayan-roy/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Khel Now|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|28 August 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Chingkham Roshan Singh]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-28|title=I League 2020 Gokulam Kerala FC Rope In Roshan Singh From NEROCA {{!}} The Fan Garage (TFG)|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/17584-i-league-2020--gokulam-kerala-fc-rope-in-roshan-singh-from-neroca|access-date=2020-09-22|website=thefangarage.com}}</ref>
|-
|5 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Zodingliana Ralte]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zodingliana Ralte and Roshan Singh join Gokulam Kerala FC {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/zodingliana-ralte-and-roshan-singh-join-gokulam-kerala-fc/vquuhjpyfbox1vh1nfo35qnfd|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|19 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 26
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Deepak Devrani]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=P. K. Ajith|title=I-League: Defender Deepak Devrani joins Gokulam Kerala|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-mohun-bagan-minerva-deepak-devrani-gokulam-kerala-football-news/article32641673.ece|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Sportstar|date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|25 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Rowilson Rodrigues]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gokulam-kerala-fc-signs-rowilson-rodrigues-upcoming-i-league-season-133945?amp"|title=Gokulam Kerala FC signs up Rowilson Rodrigues for upcoming I-League season|date=26 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|25 October 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajin Tom]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Arrows]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-signs-u17-world-cup-camper-ajin-tom|title=I-League 2020/21: Ajin Tom signs for Gokulam Kerala FC|first=Vyshakh|last=K|date=24 October 2020|website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
|30 October 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 33
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}}[[Denny Antwi]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SWE}}[[Trelleborgs FF|Trelleborg]]
| None
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-sign-dennis-antwi-agyare|title=Gokulam Kerala sign Ghanaian striker Dennis Antwi Agyare|date=30 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|6 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Mahip Adhikari
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}}[[Garhwal F.C.|Garhwal]]
| None
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-sign-mahip-adhikari/|title=Gokulam Kerala sign former Garhwal FC vice-captain Mahip Adhikari|date=6 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|13 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 5
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Sharif Mukhammad]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|MDV}} [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]]
| None
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2020-21-gokulam-kerala-sign-sharif-mukhammad/feed/|title = Comments on: I-League 2020-21: Gokulam Kerala sign Sharif Mukhammad}}</ref>
|-
|20 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 49
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Mohamed Awal]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ETH}} [[Wolkite City F.C.|Wolkite City]]
| None
|
|-
|25 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 20
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|MLI}} [[Saliou Guindo]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Ankara Keçiörengücü SK|Ankara Keçiörengücü]]
| None
|
|-
|4 December 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|35
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Vincy Barreto
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}}
| None
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-rope-in-goan-winger-vincy-barreto20201204102634/|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala rope in Goan winger Vincy Barreto|website=ANI News}}</ref>
|-
|5 December 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Jasim
| style="text-align:left;"| Academy
| None
|
|-
|5 December 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 28
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Thahir Zaman
| style="text-align:left;"| Academy
| None
|
|-
|5 December 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 11
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Emil Benny
| style="text-align:left;"| Academy
| None
|
|-
|2 January 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 50
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Philip Adjah]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| None
|
|-
|8 January 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 04
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Alex Saji
| style="text-align:left;"| Academy
| None
|
|-
|}

===Transfers out===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Exit date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''To club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:Black;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
| 5 June 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 06
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Wungngayam Muirang]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Media |first1=Bengaluru FC |date=2020-06-05|title=Bengaluru FC sign Joe Zoherliana, Wungngayam Muirang|url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2020/team-news/bengaluru-fc-sign-joe-zoherliana-wungngayam-muirang/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=BengaluruFC.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 17 June 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 06
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammed Irshad]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC]]
| None
|
|-
| 22 June 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 04
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Zohib Islam Amiri]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|
|
|-
| 28 June 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 06
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|
|
|-
| 14 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 23
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nicholas Fernandes]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|first1=Flavio|last1=Lopes|title=Nicholas, Ronaldo, Jason join FC Bengaluru United - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/nicholas-ronaldo-jason-join-fc-bengaluru-united/articleshow/78095462.cms|access-date=2020-09-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 15 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| CF
| style="text-align:center;"| 31
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Henry Kisekka]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda Revenue Authority SC|URA Kampala]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comments on: Striker Steven Mukwala will ignite URA FC's attacking force in the 2020-21 season|url=https://kawowo.com/2020/08/26/striker-steven-mukwala-will-ignite-ura-fcs-attacking-force-in-the-2020-21-season/feed/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=kawowo.com}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 30 September 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 08
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TRI}} [[Nathaniel Garcia]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|
|
|-
| 23 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 05
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TRI}} [[Andre Ettienne]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-
| 23 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 10
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TRI}} [[Marcus Joseph]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-
| 23 November 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 11
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|RWA}} [[Atuheire Kipson]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-
| 2 December 2020
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 06
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajesh S]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City FC]]
|
|
|-
| 2 January 2021
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 20
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|MLI}} [[Saliou Guindo]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-

|}

==Pre-season==
{{football box collapsible
|date=
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 4-1
|report =
|team2=[[Indian Arrows]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 5-0
|report =
|team2=TRIJIT DAS FA
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 1-0
|report =
|team2=[[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 1-0
|report =
|team2=TRIJIT DAS FA
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=W
|motm=
|referee=
}}

==Competitions==
{{legend2|#BBF3BB|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFBB|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#A9A9A9|Cancelled|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

===Overview===
{{Fb overview2
|c=1
|c1=[[2020-21 I-League|I League]] |fm1=9 January 2021 |lm1=27 March 2021 |sr1=[[2020-21 I-League|Matchday 1]] |fp1= [[2020-21 I-League|Champions]]|w1=9 |l1=4|d1=2|f1=31 |a1=17
|c2=[[2020 IFA Shield]] |fm2=6 December 2020 |lm2=14 December 2020|sr2=[[2020 IFA Shield|Group Stage]]|fp2=[[2020 IFA Shield|Quarter finals]] |w2=1 |d2=0 |l2=2 |f2=7 |a2=4
|c3=[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]|fm3=TBD|lm3=TBD |sr3=|fp3= -|w3=0|l3=0|d3=0|f3=0|a3=0
|u={{Start date|2021|02|13|df=y}}.
}}

==I-league==
{{Main|2020–21 I-League}}

=== League table ===
{{:2020–21 I-League|showteam=GOK}}
*Due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]], this season's league format was shortened. All teams will face each other once in the first leg of the league, then they will be divided into two different groups. According to points table from first leg, top six teams will face each other once again in the [[2020-21 I-League#Championship|Championship stage]], where the team with maximum points (cumulative points collected from all fifteen matches) will be declared the winner of the league and qualify for the [[2022 AFC Cup|2022 AFC Cup group stage]]. Whereas the other five teams will play against each other in a [[2020-21 I-League#Relegation|Relegation stage]] where the team with the lowest points (cumulative points collected from all fourteen matches) will be relegated to the [[2021-22 2nd Division League|2nd Division League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/hero-i-league-2020-21-to-start-on-january-9|title=Hero I-League 2020-21 to start on January 9 with a new shorter format|date=7 November 2020|website=the-aiff.com|language=en|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Result summary ===

=== Results by round ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header = Round
|label2 = Result
| res2 =L/W/L/W/D/-/L/W/W/W/L
|label3 = Position
| res3 =8/5/10/3/4/6/9/5/4/3/4

|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_10-=red1

|source=
|updated=
}}

=== Matches ===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{football box collapsible

|date= 09.01.2021
|round=1
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 1-2
|report =
|team2=[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=L
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 14.01.2020
|round=2
|time= 14.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 4-3
|report =
|team2=[[Punjab F.C.|Punjab]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 20.01.2021
|round=3
|time= 16.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score= 2-0
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium=
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 25.01.2021
|round=4
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|score= 1-4
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 30.01.2021
|round=5
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 0-0
|report =
|team2=[[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=D
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 08.02.2021
|round=6
|time= 16.45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|score= 2-1
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=L
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 13.02.2021
|round=7
|time= 14.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[TRAU F.C.|TRAU]]
|score=1-3
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 19.02.2021
|round=8
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 4-0
|report =
|team2=[[Indian Arrows]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 23.02.2021
|round=9
|time= 16.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Sudeva Delhi FC]]
|score= 0-1
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 01.03.2021
|round=10
|time= 14.00
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 2-3
|report =
|team2=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee=
}}

===Second phase===

===Championship Stage (Group A)===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y
|source=[https://i-league.org/points-table/i-league/ I-League]
|team2=CHB |name_CHB=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|team1=GOK |name_GOK=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]|status_GOK=C
|team5=REK |name_REK=[[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|team3=TRA |name_TRA=[[TRAU F.C.|TRAU]]
|team6=MDS |name_MDS =[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team4=PUN |name_PUN =[[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Punjab]]

|update= 27 March 2021
|win_CHB=8 |draw_CHB=5 |loss_CHB=2
|gf_CHB=22 |ga_CHB=17
|win_GOK=9 |draw_GOK=2 |loss_GOK=4 |gf_GOK=31 |ga_GOK=17 |
|win_REK=5 |draw_REK=6 |loss_REK=4 |gf_REK=23 |ga_REK=18 |
|win_PUN=6 |draw_PUN=4 |loss_PUN=5 |gf_PUN=18 |ga_PUN=15|
|win_MDS=5 |draw_MDS=5 |loss_MDS=5 |gf_MDS=18 |ga_MDS=20 |
|win_TRA=7 |draw_TRA=5 |loss_TRA=3 |gf_TRA=27 |ga_TRA=19


|result1=ACPO


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots

|col_ACPO=green1 |text_ACPO='''Champions''' and Qualification for [[2022 AFC Cup|2022 AFC Cup group stage]]
}}

=== Results by round ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header = Round
|label2 = Result
| res2 =W/W/D/W/W
|label3 = Position
| res3 =2/2/2/1/1

|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_10-=red1

|source=
|updated=
}}

=== Matches ===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|date= 05.03.2020
|round=1
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Punjab F.C.|Punjab]]
|score= 0-1
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 10.03.2021
|round=2
|time= 14.00
|team1=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score= 0-3
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 15.03.2021
|round=3
|time= 14.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 1-1
|report =
|team2=[[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result=D
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 21.03.2021
|round=4
|time= 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|score= 1-2
|report =
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|result=W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 24.03.21
|round=5
|time= [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 4-1
|report =
|team2=[[TRAU F.C.|TRAU]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium=
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}

==IFA Shield==
{{Main|2020 IFA Shield}}

===Group stage===

===Group D===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=Group A
|update=complete
|source=[https://ifawb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/123rd-IFA-Shield-Fixture.pdf ifawb.org]


|team1=USC
|team2=GKM
|team3=BSS


|win_GKM=1 |draw_GKM=0 |loss_GKM=1 |gf_GKM=7 |ga_GKM=3
|win_USC=2 |draw_USC=0 |loss_USC=0 |gf_USC=3 |ga_USC=1
|win_BSS=0 |draw_BSS=0 |loss_BSS=2 |gf_BSS=3 |ga_BSS=9



|name_GKM=[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|name_USC =[[United SC|United]]
|name_BSS=BSS

|result1=FIN |result2=FIN |
|col_FIN=green1 |text_FIN=Advance to the [[#Quarter-finals|quarterfinals]]

}}
</onlyinclude>

{{football box collapsible
|date= 6 December 2020
|time= 15:00
|team1= [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score= 0-1
|report= https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/ifa-shield-day-1-results-united-sc-beats-gokulam-keralam-mohammedan-sporting-club-kidderpor-sc/article33264310.ece
|team2= [[United SC]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Sailen Manna Stadium|Howrah Stadium]],
|location=[[Howrah]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 12 December 2020
| time = 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| score = 7–2
| report = https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/antwi-stars-for-gokulam-fc/article33316418.ece
| team2 = BSS
| goals1 = [[Dennis Antwi]] {{goal|8}} {{goal|12}} {{goal|19}} {{goal|47}} [[Shibil Muhammed]] {{goal|66}} [[Jithin M S]] {{goal|72}} [[Saliou Guindo]] {{goal|85}}
| goals2 = [[Pritam Roy]] {{goal|67}} [[Asif Ali Moula]] {{goal|74}}
| stadium = [[Sailen Manna Stadium]], [[Howrah]]
| attendance = 0
| referee =
| event =
| round =
| penaltyscore =
| penalties1 =
| penalties2 =
| location =
| aet =
| result = W
}}

==== Quarter-finals ====

{{football box collapsible
|date= 14 December 2020
|time= 13:00
|team1= [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|score= 1-0
|report=
|team2= [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = L
}}

==Current technical staff==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head Coach
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vincenzo Alberto Annese]]
|-
| Fitness and conditioning Coach
| {{flagicon|BRA}} Djair Miranda Garcia
|-
|Technical Director
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bino George]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/news/i-league-2018-19-bino-george-replaces-fernando-santiago-gokulam-kerala-head-coach/|title = Bino George replaces Fernando Santiago as Gokulam Kerala head coach|date = 28 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Goalkeeping Coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Mihir Sawant <ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 2020|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala FC appoint new goalkeeping coach|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-gokulam-kerala-fc-appoint-new-goalkeeping-coach/articleshow/79350799.cms|work=Times of India|accessdate=23 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Academy Manager
| {{flagicon|GIB}} Joel Richard Williams<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/minerva-punjab-gokulam-kerala-joel-williams-i-league/article24129635.ece|title=Joel Williams - The 'brains' behind dreaming big|first=Aashin|last=Prasad|website=Sportstar |date=10 June 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|}

== Statistics ==
:''As of 19 February 2021.''

===Squad appearances===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2"|No.
! rowspan="2"|Pos.
! rowspan="2"|Nat.
! rowspan="2" style="width:180px;"|Name
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|[[2020–21 I-League|I-League]]
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|[[2020 IFA Shield]]
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|[[2020 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|Total
|-
!Apps
!Starts
!Apps
!Starts
!Apps
!Starts
!Apps
!Starts
|-
|-
|01
|GK
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Ubaid CK]]
||14||14||3||3||0||0||'''17'''||'''17'''
|-
|02
|LB
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Naocha Singh]]
||15||15||3||3||0||0||'''18'''||'''18'''
|-
|03
|CB
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Mohammed Jassim]]
||2||0||-||-||0||0||'''2'''||'''0'''
|-
|04
|CB
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Alex Saji]]
||5||3||-||-||0||0||'''5'''||'''3'''
|-
|10
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Ngangom Ronald Singh]]
||12||4||3||3||0||0||'''15'''||'''7'''
|-
|11
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Emil Benny]]
||13||12||-||-||0||0||'''13'''||'''12'''
|-
|12
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Muhammed Rashid]]
||8||3||3||3||0||0||'''11'''||'''6'''
|-
|13
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Mayakkannan]]
||14||14||3||3||0||0||'''17'''||'''17'''
|-
|14
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Zodingliana Ralte]]
||6||1||0||0||0||0||'''6'''||'''1'''
|-
|16
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Salman K]]
||1||0||1||1||0||0||'''2'''||'''1'''
|-
|17
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Thahir Zaman (footballer)|Thahir Zaman]]
||8||1||1||0||0||0||'''9'''||'''1'''
|-
|18
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Jithin M S]]
||6||0||2||1||0||0||'''8'''||'''1'''
|-
|20
|FW
|{{Flagicon|MLI}}
|align=left|[[Saliou Guindo]]
||0||0||3||1||0||0||'''3'''||'''1'''
|-
|21
|DF
|{{Flagicon|AFG|2013}}
|align=left|[[Sharif Mukhammad]]
||14||14||-||-||0||0||'''14'''||'''14'''
|-
|22
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Shibil Muhammed]]
||2||1||3||3||0||0||'''5'''||'''4'''
|-
|24
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Jestin George]]
||3||3||3||3||0||0||'''6'''||'''6'''
|-
|26
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Deepak Devrani]]
||14||14||1||0||0||0||'''15'''||'''14'''
|-
|27
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
||11||10||3||3||0||0||'''14'''||'''13'''
|-
|28
|RB
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Lalromawia]]
||8||4||0||0||0||0||'''8'''||'''4'''
|-
|31
|GK
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|Ajmal P. A.
||1||1||1||0||0||0||'''2'''||'''1'''
|-
|33
|FW
|{{Flagicon|GHA}}
|align=left|[[Denny Antwi]]
||15||15||2||2||0||0||'''18'''||'''18'''
|-
|47
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Vincy Barretto]]
||13||7||-||-||0||0||'''13'''||'''7'''
|-
|49
|DF
|{{Flagicon|GHA}}
|align=left|[[Mohamed Awal]]
||14||14||3||3||0||0||'''17'''||'''17'''
|-
|50
|FW
|{{Flagicon|GHA}}
|align=left|[[Philip Adjah]]
||15||15||-||-||0||0||'''15'''||'''15'''
|}

===Goal Scorers===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Rank
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|No.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Pos.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nat.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|I League
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|IFA Shield
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Indian Super Cup
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Total
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1
| 33
| FW
| {{flagicon|GHA}}
| [[Denny Antwi]]
| |11||4||0||'''15'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2
| 50
| FW
| {{flagicon|GHA}}
| [[Philip Adjah]]
| |5||0||0||'''5'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 3
| 21
| MF
| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}}
| [[Sharif Mukhammad]]
| |4||0||0||'''4'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 4
| 11
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Emil Benny]]
| |3||0||0||'''3'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 5
| 18
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Jithin M S]]
| |1||1||0||'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="7"| 6
| 10
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Ngangom Ronald Singh]]
| |1||0||0||'''1'''
|-
| 12
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Muhammed Rashid]]
| |1||0||0||'''1'''
|-
| 14
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Zodingliana Ralte]]
| |1||0||0||'''1'''
|-
| 20
| FW
| {{flagicon|MLI}}
| [[Saliou Guindo]]
| |0||1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 22
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Shibil Muhammed]]
| |0||1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 24
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Jestin George]]
| |1||0||0||'''1'''
|-
| 27
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Lalromawia]]
| |1||0||0||'''1'''
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="5"| Own Goals ||2||0||0||'''2'''
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="5"| '''Total'''||'''31'''||'''7'''||'''0'''||'''38'''
|}

===Clean sheets===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!No.
!Nation
!Name

![[2020–21 I-League|I-League]]
![[2020 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
!Total

|-
|1||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Ubaid CK]]||5||0||5
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
|-

| colspan=3 | '''TOTAL'''||5||0||5
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2020-21 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season}}
[[Category:2020–21 I-League by team|Gokulam]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC seasons]]

Vedic Sarasvati River

2025-08-19T19:46:04Z

Geri3389994518: started a place.

#REDIRECT [[Saraswati River]]

Ashish Deshmukh

2025-08-16T09:06:25Z

Geri3389994518:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashish Deshmukh
| native_name =
| image = Ashish deshmukh.jpeg
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner]]
| assembly1 = Maharashtra Legislative
| term_start1 = 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar|Sunil Kedar]]
| constituency2 = [[Katol Assembly constituency|Katol]]
| assembly2 = Maharashtra Legislative
| term_start2 = 2014
| term_end2 = 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Anil Deshmukh]]
| successor2 = Anil Deshmukh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|08 April 1974}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2009-2018) & (2023-Present)
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (2018-2023)
| alma_mater = [[Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management]]
| occupation = [[Business]] and [[Agriculture]]
[[Master of Business Administration]] ([[MBA]])
[[Master of Technology]] ([[M.Tech]])
| father = [[Ranjeet Deshmukh]]
| mother = Roopa Deshmukh
| spouse = Ayushree Deshmukh
| children = Hriday & Jigrr
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dr. Ashish Ranjeet Deshmukh''' is the member of the 15th [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. He is representing the [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Assembly Constituency]]. He rejoined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2023. Deshmukh is the son of former president of [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee]] and former Maharashtra minister [[Ranjeet Deshmukh]].<ref name="IE-20141001">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/ex-maharashtra-congress-president-ranjit-deshmukh-quits/|title=Ex-Maharashtra Congress president Ranjit Deshmukh quits |date=2014-10-01|work=Indian Express|accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Deshmukh had undertaken an indefinite fast to press for formation of a separate Vidarbha state.<ref name="IE-20131211">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/youth-leader-deshmukhs-fast-for-separate-vidarbha-state-enters-sixth-day/|title=Youth leader Deshmukh's fast for separate Vidarbha state enters sixth day |date=2013-12-11|work=Indian Express|accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ashish Deshmukh was born to Roopa Deshmukh and [[Ranjeet Deshmukh]], an ex-Cabinet Minister [[Maharashtra]] and [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] from [[Ramtek]] belongs to [[Indian National Congress]] Party.<ref name="Congress fields Ashish Deshmukh against Fadnavis">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Congress fields Ashish Deshmukh against Fadnavis |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-fields-ashish-deshmukh-against-fadnavis-1606098-2019-10-04 |access-date=6 December 2024 |date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206073032/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/expelled-from-congress-ashish-deshmukh-is-all-set-to-rejoin-bjp-after-5-years-8664988/ |archive-date=6 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Deshmukh has authored a book titled ''Gramvikasacha Password''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books?AID=5267112208304053478 |title=Books |website=www.bookganga.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710000038/http://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books?AID=5267112208304053478 |archive-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> in December 2015.

==Education==

{{Empty section|date=December 2024}}

== Political career ==
He was the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of 13th [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. He strongly contested assembly elections in 2019 against the then chief minister ([[Devendra Fadnavis]]). On 2 October 2018, he became a part of the [[Indian National Congress]].
He has been expelled by the grand old party for his statements against party leader [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee]] (MPCC) President [[Nana Patole]] for a period of six years.<ref name="Expelled from Congress, Ashish Deshmukh is all set to rejoin BJP after 5 years2">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=15 June 2023 |title=Expelled from Congress, Ashish Deshmukh is all set to rejoin BJP after 5 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/expelled-from-congress-ashish-deshmukh-is-all-set-to-rejoin-bjp-after-5-years-8664988/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206073032/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/expelled-from-congress-ashish-deshmukh-is-all-set-to-rejoin-bjp-after-5-years-8664988/ |archivedate=6 December 2024 |accessdate=6 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, he returned to [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] and became BJP OBC Morcha President.

In October 2024, he got ticket offered from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] for [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Election 2024]] from [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Kamleshwar Vidhan Sabha Seat]] against ex-Minister [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar|Sunil Kedar]]'s Wife Anuja (Vijaykar) Kedar. On Result Day (i.e. 23 November 2024), Dr. Ashish Deshmukh won the [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Kalmeshwar Vidhan Sabha Seat]] by a massive margin of 26,401 votes.

==Associated with==
* Chairman, No Tobacco Organization
* Founder, YOUTH for INDIA
* Founder Member, Vidarbha Progressive Farmers Association
* Chairman, Arvind Sahakari Bank Ltd.
* Treasurer, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital Trust, Nagpur, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital
* Working president, VSPM Academy of Higher Education, Nagpur
* Treasurer, Madhuribai Deshmukh Seva Pratisthan, Vadvihira, District : Nagpur
* President, Woodball Association of India
* Chairman, International Council for Sports Promotion & Research
* Vice President, Asian woodball association
* Working president, Arvindbabu Deshmukh Pratishthan Journalism Awards

== Author of books ==

* GRAMVIKASACHA PASSWORD. (2017)
* BAAP-MANUS. (2021)
* BHARAT NAVNIRMAN (2024)
* SADE-TOD (2024)

===Positions held===

====Within [[BJP]]====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] since 2014 [[Katol Assembly constituency|Katol]] till 2019
{{div col end}}

====Legislative====
1. Member, [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] - 2014 to 2019
2. Member, [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] - 2024

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Ashish}}
[[Category:Politicians from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

Kalyan Ghosh (politician)

2025-08-01T15:34:21Z

Geri3389994518: new a entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Kalyan Ghosh''' (born 1961)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kalyan Ghosh(All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)):Constituency- Domjur (Howrah) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=815 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Domjur Assembly constituency]] in [[Howrah district]]. He won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domjur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Domjur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-domjur-constituency-184.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-03 |title=West Bengal election results 2021: Checkout the list of winning candidates |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/west-bengal-election-results-2021-checkout-the-list-of-winning-candidates/articleshow/82356274.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=Domjur Constituency: Former TMC minister Rajib Banerjee fights for political survival - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/west-bengal-elections-2021-domjur-assembly-constituency-results-rajib-banerjee-kalyan-ghosh-uttam-bera-tmc-bjp-cpm-8872081.htm |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ghosh is from [[Domjur]], Howrah district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Sukumar Ghosh. He studied Class 12 and passed the examinations conducted by the West Bengal Council for Higher Secondary Education in 1980 and later studied till second year BA at a college affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1985. He and his wife run their own family business.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Ghosh won from Domjur Assembly constituency representing the All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 130,499 votes and defeated his nearest rival and two time MLA, [[Rajib Banerjee]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 42,620 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domjur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Kalyan Ghosh of TMC wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/domjur-election-result-2021-live-updates-domjur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695216.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Domjur, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/domjur-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797264-2021-05-01 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Domjur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/domjur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Kalyan}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Howrah district]]