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List of contemporary Islamic scholars

2026-05-28T19:01:43Z

Gaurav: made initial entry w/ sources!

{{Short description|none}}

Modern-era (20th to 21st century) [[Ulama|Islamic scholars]] include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents.

Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World.


{{dynamic list}}

==Africa==

===Algeria===
* [[Abdel-Hamid ibn Badis]] (1889–1940)
* [[Abdul Baqi Miftah]] (born 1952)
* [[Abu Bakr al-Jazaeri]] (1921–2018)
* [[Brahim Boushaki]] (1912–1997)
* [[Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi]] (1889–1965)
* [[Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani]] (1897/1898-1970)
* [[Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilimsani]] (1881–1961)

=== Egypt ===
* [[Abd al-Hamid Kishk]] (1933–1996)
* [[Ahmad al-Tayyeb]] (born 1946)
* [[Ahmad Muhammad Shakir]] (1892–1958)
* [[Ali Gomaa]] (born 1952)
* [[Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi]] (1911–1998)
* [[Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy]] (1928–2010)
* [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]] (1926–2022)
* [[Zainab al Ghazali]] (1917–2005)

=== Gambia ===
* [[Sheikh Musa Drammeh]] (born 1962)

=== Ghana ===
* [[Abdul Wahab Adam]] (1938–2014)
* [[Ahmad Bamba]] (1940–2022)
* [[Ibrahim Basha]]
* [[Osman Nuhu Sharubutu]] (born 1919)
* [[Saeed Abubakr Zakaria]]
* [[Yusuf Soalih Ajura]] (1890–2004)

=== Libya ===
* [[Sadiq Al-Ghariani]] (born 1942)

=== Mali ===
* [[Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara]]
* [[Mahmoud Dicko]] (born c.1954)
* [[Hammad al-Ansari|Hammad al Ansari]] (1925-1997)
*[[Shaykh Muhammad Shareef bin Farid]] (born 1959)

=== Mauritania ===
* [[Abdallah Bin Bayyah]] (born 1935)
* [[Mohammad Al-Hasan Al-Dido]] (born 1963)

=== Morocco ===
* [[Abd al-Aziz al-Ghumari]] (1920–1997)
* [[Abdullah al-Ghumari]] (1910–1993)
* [[Abu Chataa al-Jamaï]] (1904/1905–1990)
* [[Ahmad al-Ghumari]] (1902–1961)
* [[Asma Lamrabet]] (born 1951)
* [[Fatima al-Kabbaj]] (born 1932)
* [[Hassan Kettani]] (born 1972)
* [[Muhammad Abu Khubza]] (1932–2020)
* [[Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali]] (1893–1987)
* [[Allal al-Fassi]] (1910–1974)

===Nigeria===
* [[Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio]] (Born 1754) Sokoto Caliphate
* [[Dahiru Usman Bauchi]] (1927–2025)

* [[Adam Abdullah Al-Ilory]] (1917-1992)
* [[Ibrahim Ahmad Maqary]] (born 1976)
* [[Isa Ali Pantami]]
* [[Ja'afar Mahmud Adam]] (1960–2007)
* [[Kabir Ahmad Azare]] (1960–2023)
* [[Kabiru Gombe]] (born 1960)
* [[Muhammad Auwal Albani Zaria]] (1960–2014)
* [[Muyideen Ajani Bello]] (1940–2024)
* [[Nasiru Kabara]]
* [[Usman Idris Kusfa]] (1968 or 1969 - 2026)
* [[Sani Yahaya Jingir]]
* [[Sulaiman Muhammad Adam]] (born 1962)

=== Senegal ===
* [[Ibrahim Niass]] (1900–1975)
* [[Hassan Cisse]] (1945–2008)

=== Sierra Leone ===
* [[Ahmad Tejan Sillah]]
* [[Mohamed Sanusi Tejan]] (1950–2016)

=== Somalia ===
* [[Abdinasir Haji Ahmed]] (1957–2022)
* [[Abdulkadir Nur Farah]] (1940–2013)
* [[Ahmed Haji Abdirahman]] (1957–2011)
* [[Ali Dhere]]
* [[Ali Warsame]] (1939/1940-2022)
* [[Mohamoud Sheikh Dalmar]]
* [[Sheikh Omar Farouk]] (1939–2011)

=== South Africa ===
* [[Abdalqadir as-Sufi]] (1930–2021)
* [[Ahmed Deedat]] (1918 - 2005)
* [[Ebrahim Desai]] (1963–2021)
* [[Taha Karaan]] (1969–2021)
* [[Yusuf Karaan]] (1935–2015)
*[[Muhsin Hendricks]] (1967–2025)

=== Tunisia ===
* [[Mohamed Abdelaziz Djaït]] (1886–1970)
* [[Othman Battikh]] (1941–2022)

=== Uganda ===
* [[Muhammad Galabuzi]] (born 1962)
* [[Nuhu Muzaata]] (1955 - 2020)
* [[Shaban Ramadhan Mubaje]] (born 1955)

=== Zimbabwe ===
* [[Ismail ibn Musa Menk]] (born 1975)

==Asia==
=== Afghanistan ===
* [[Abdul Ali Deobandi]] (1938–2009)
* [[Abdul Hakim Haqqani]] (born 1967)
* [[Sheikh Abdul Malik|Abdul Malik]]
* [[Abdul Rauf (anti-Taliban cleric)|Abdul Rauf]]
* [[Anwar Badakhshani]] (1932-2024)
* [[Asif Mohseni]] (1935–2009)
* [[Fazal Hadi Shinwari]] (1927–2011)
* [[Fazel Ahmed Manawi]]
* [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] (born 1967)
* [[Jamil al-Rahman|Jameel Ur Rahman]] (1939–1991)
* [[Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi]] (1920–2002)
* [[Mohammad Qasim Rasikh]] (born 1971)
* [[Muhammad Atta-ullah Faizani]] (born 1923 - ?)
* [[Muhammad Muhsin Khan]] (1919-2022)
* [[Muhammad Ayaz Niazi]] (1964–2020)
* [[Mujib Rahman Ansari]] (1982–2022)
* [[Mullah Omar]] (1960–2013)
* [[Nemat (militant)|Mufti Nemat]]
* [[Sheikh Rahimullah Haqqani|Rahimullah Haqqani]] (died 2022)

=== Bahrain ===
* [[Abdul Amir al-Jamri]] (1938-2006)
* [[Ali Salman]] (born 1965)
* [[Isa Qassim]] (born 1937)

=== Iran ===
* [[Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari]] (1910–1993)
* [[Abdulrahman Fattahi]] (born 1950s)
* [[Abdollah Javadi-Amoli]] (born 1933)
* [[Ahmad Jannati]] (born 1927)
* [[Ahmad Mojtahedi Tehrani]] (1923–2008)
* [[Ali Akbar Ghoreishi]] (born 1928)
* [[Ali Mohammad Dastgheib Shirazi]] (born 1935)
* [[Ali Movahedi-Kermani]] (born 1931)
* [[Ali Khamenei]] (1939–2026)
* [[Fakhraddin Mousavi]] (1930–2021)
* [[Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli]] (1928–2021)
* [[Hossein Mazaheri]] (born 1933)
* [[Hossein Wahid Khorasani]] (born 1921)
* [[Hussein-Ali Montazeri]] (1922–2009)
* [[Iftikhār al-Tujjar]] (1912–1977)
* [[Ja'far Sobhani]] (born 1929)
* [[Jawad Tabrizi]] (1926–2006)
* [[Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani]] (1919–2022)
* [[Mohammad Ali Gerami Qomi]] (born 1938)
* [[Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri]] (born 1941)
* [[Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati]] (born 1933)
* [[Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari]] (1904–1986)
* [[Mohammad Khamenei]] (born 1935)
* [[:fa:سید_مصطفی_حسینی_طباطبایی|Mostafa Hosseini Tabatabaei]] (born 1936)
* [[Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai]] (1903–1981)
* [[Mohammad Sadeq Rouhani]] (1926–2022)
* [[Mohammad Sadeqi Tehrani]] (1926–2011)
* [[Mohammad Sadoughi]] (1909–1982)
* [[Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi]] (1935–2021)
* [[Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani]] (1916–2009)
* [[Mohammad Yazdi]] (1931–2020)
* [[Mousa Shubairi Zanjani]] (born 1928)
* [[Naser Makarem Shirazi]] (born 1927)
* [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] (1900–1989)
* [[Taqi Tabatabaei Qomi]] (1923–2016)
* [[Yasubedin Rastegar Jooybari]] (born 1940)
* [[Yousef Saanei]] (1937–2020)
* [[Zīnah al-Sādāt Humāyūnī]] (1917–2016)
* [[Zohreh Sefati]] (born 1948)

=== Iraq ===
* [[Abbas Modaresi Yazdi]] (1943–2020)
* [[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]] (1899–1992)
* [[Ahmad Hassani Baghdadi]] (born 1945)
* [[Ali al-Milani]] (born 1948)
* [[Ali al-Sistani]] (born 1930)
* [[Allaedin Ghoraifi]] (born 1945)
* [[Fazel Maleki]] (born 1953)
* [[Hassan al-Shirazi]] (1935–1980)
* [[Hussein Esmaeel al-Sadr]] (born 1952)
* [[Kamal al-Haydari]] (born 1956)
* [[Kazem al-Haeri]] (born 1938)
* [[Mahmoud al-Sarkhi]] (born 1964)
* [[Mohammad al-Sadr]] (1943–1999)
* [[Mohammad al-Shirazi]] (1928–2001)
* [[Mohammad Ali Tabatabaei Hassani]] (1945–2017)
* [[Mohammad Hussaini Shahroudi]] (1925–2019)
* [[Mohammed Ridha al-Shirazi]] (1959–2008)
* [[Mohammad Taher Khaqani]] (born 1940)
* [[Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi]] (born 1945)
* [[Mohammad Yaqoobi]] (born 1960)
* [[Morteza Hosseini Fayaz]] (1929–2014)
* [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] (1935–1980)
* [[Sadiq al-Shirazi]] (born 1942)
* [[Shamsodin Vaezi]] (born 1936)
* [[Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi]] (1897–1990)

=== Jordan ===
* [[Abdul Karim Khasawneh]] (born 1944)
* [[Nuh al-Qudah]] (1939–2010)
* [[Nuh Ha Mim Keller]] (born 1954)
* [[Sa'id Foudah]] (born 1967)
* [[Umar Sulayman al-Ashqar]] (1930–2012)

=== Kuwait ===
* [[Muhammad Baqir al-Muhri]] (1948-2015)
* [[Muhammad Hisham at-Tahiri]] (born 1969)
* [[Nabil Al Awadi]] (born 1970)
* [[Yasser Al-Habib]] (born 1979)

=== Lebanon ===
* [[Abdullah al-Harari]] (1910–2008)
* [[Gibril Haddad]] (born 1960)
* [[Hisham Kabbani]] (born 1945)
* [[Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah]] (1935–2010)
* [[Musa al-Sadr]] (1928–1978)
* [[Sobhi Mahmassani]] (1909–1986)

=== Oman ===
* [[Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili]] (born 1942)
* [[Zohurul Hoque]] (1926–2017)

=== Palestine ===
* [[Abd Al Aziz Awda]] (born 1946 or 1950)
* [[Abdel Latif Moussa]] (1959–2009)
* [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam]] (1941–1989)
* [[Amin al-Husseini]] (1897–1974)
* [[Ekrima Sa'id Sabri]] (born 1939)
* [[Issam Amira]]
* [[Muhammad Ahmad Hussein]] (born 1966)
* [[Raed Salah]] (born 1958)
* [[Taissir Tamimi]]
* [[Taqiuddin al-Nabhani]] (1909–1977)

=== Saudi Arabia ===
* [[Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri]] (born 1938)
* [[Abd al-Aziz al-Tarifi]] (born 1976)
* [[Abd Al-Aziz Fawzan Al-Fawzan]] (born 1964)
* [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz]] (1910–1999)
* [[Abdulbari ath-Thubaity]] (born 1960)
* [[Abdul-Rahman al-Barrak]] (born 1933 or 1934)
* [[Abdul Aziz al-Harbi]] (born 1965)
* [[Abdulaziz Al Sheikh]] (born 1940)
* [[Abdulmohsen Al-Qasim]] (born 1967)
* [[Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais]] (born 1960)
* [[Abdullah Awad Al Juhany]] (born 1976)
* [[Abdullah al-Ghudayyan]] (1926–2010)
* [[Abdullah al-Muhaysini]]
* [[Adil al-Kalbani]] (born 1959)
* [[Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi]]
* [[Al-Shu'aybi]] (died 2001)
* [[Al-Uthaymin]] (1925–2001)
* [[Ali al-Khudair]]
* [[Ali Bin Abdur Rahman Al Huthaify]] (born 1947)
* [[Assim Al-Hakeem]] (born 1962)
* [[Bakr Abu Zayd]] (1944–2008)
* [[Bandar Baleela]] (born 1975)
* [[Fahd Al-Qadi]] (1957–2019)
* [[Hatim al-Awni]] (born 1966)
* [[Abd Allah ibn Humayd|Ibn Humaid]] (1908–1981)
* [[Ibn Jibrin]] (1933–2009)
* [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh]]
* [[Maher Al-Mu'aiqly]] (born 1969)
* [[Mohamad al-Arefe]] (born 1970)
* [[Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki|Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki]] (1944–2004)
* [[Muhammad Al-Munajid]] (born 1960)
* [[Muhammad Ayyub]] (1952–2016)
* [[Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa]] (born 1965)
* [[Muhammad Muhsin Khan]] (1927–2021)
* [[Nasir al-Fahd]] (born 1968)
* [[Rabee al-Madkhali]] (1931–2025)
* [[Saad al-Ateeq]] (born 1969)
* [[Saad al Ghamdi]] (born 1967)
* [[Safar al-Hawali]] (born 1950)
* [[Salah Al Budair]] (born 1970)
* [[Saleh Al-Fawzan]] (born 1933)
* [[Saleh Al al-Sheikh|Salih al Sheikh]] (Born 1959)
* [[Saleh Al-Maghamsi]] (born 1963)
* [[Saud Al-Shuraim]] (born 1964)
* [[Saleh Al-Talib]] (born 1974)
* [[Sulayman al-Ruhayli]] (born 1966)
* [[Sulaiman Al-Alwan]] (born 1969)
* [[Sheikh Mahmoud Khalil Al-Qari]] (death 2022)
* [[Usama bin Abdullah Khayyat]] (born 1956)
* [[Yasser Al-Dosari]] (born 1980)
* [[Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi]] (1943–2020)

=== Syria ===
* [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]] (1917–1997)
* [[Adnan al-Aroor]] (born 1948)
* [[Ahmad Badreddin Hassoun]] (born 1949)
* [[Ahmed Kuftaro]] (1915–2004)
* [[Ali Al-Tantawi]] (1909–1999)
* [[Muhammad Ajaj Al-Khatib]] (1932–2021)
* [[Muhammad 'Awwamah]] (born 1940)
* [[Mohammed Rateb al-Nabulsi]] (born 1939)
* [[Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni]] (1930–2021)
* [[Muhammad al-Yaqoubi]] (born 1963)
* [[Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy]] (born 1966)
* [[Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani]] (1914–1999)
* [[Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti]] (1929–2013)
* [[Munira al-Qubaysi]] (1933–2022)
* [[Shuaib Al Arna'ut]] (1928–2016)

=== Turkey ===
* [[Ahmet Mahmut Ünlü]] (born 1965)
* [[Ali Bardakoğlu]] (born 1952)
* [[Ali Erbaş]] (born 1961)
* [[Cemalnur Sargut]] (born 1962)
* [[Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal]] (born 1963)
* [[Hüseyin Hilmi Işık]] (1911–2001)
* [[Mahmud Esad Coşan]] (1938–2001)
* [[Mahmut Ustaosmanoğlu]] (1929–2022)
* [[Metin Balkanlıoğlu]] (1958-2018)
* [[Mehmed Fatih Çıtlak]] (born 1967)
* [[Mehmet Görmez]] (born 1959)
* [[Mustafa Çağrıcı]] (born 1950)
* [[Muzaffer Ozak]] (1916–1985)
* [[Nazim Al-Haqqani]] (1922–2014)
* [[Osman Nuri Topbaş]] (born 1942)
* [[Ömer Tuğrul İnançer]] (1946–2022)
* [[Said Nursi]] (1877-1960)
* [[Süleyman Ateş]] (born 1933)
* [[Yaşar Nuri Öztürk]] (1951–2016)

=== United Arab Emirates ===
* [[Ahmed al Haddad]]

=== Yemen ===
* [[Abdul Majeed al-Zindani]] (born 1942)
* [[Habib Ali al-Jifri]] (born 1971)
* [[Habib Umar bin Hafiz]] (born 1963)
* [[Mohammed bin Ismail Al Amrani]] (1921–2021)
* [[Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i]] (1933–2001)
* [[Yahya al-Hajuri]]

=== South Asia ===
====Bangladesh ====
* [[Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali]] (1913–2008)
* [[Abdul Halim Bukhari]] (1945–2022)
* [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]] (1880–1976)
* [[Abdul Haque Faridi]] (1903–1996)
* [[Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi]] (1937–2016)
* [[Abdul Khaleque Mondal]] (1944–2023)
* [[Abdul Malek Halim]]
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury]] (1915–1990)
* [[Abdur Rahim (scholar)|Abdur Rahim]] (1918–1987)
* [[Abdur Rahman (scholar)]] (1920–2015)
* [[Abdur Rahman Kashgarhi]] (1912–1971)
* [[Abdus Salam Chatgami]] (1943–2021)
* [[Abdus Sobhan]] (1936–2020)
* [[Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh]] (1915–1990)
* [[A F M Khalid Hossain]] (born 1959)
* [[Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri]] (1898–1959)
* [[Belayet Hossain Birbhumi]] (1887—1984)
* [[Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi]] (1928–2005)
* [[Athar Ali Bengali]] (1891–1976)
* [[Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)|Azizul Haq]] (1903–1961)
* [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]] (1919–2012)
* [[Deen Muhammad Khan]] (1900–1974)
* [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]] (born 1940)
* [[Farid Uddin Chowdhury]] (born 1947)
* [[Farid Uddin Masood]] (born 1950)
* [[Fazlul Karim (scholar)|Fazlul Karim]] (1935–2006)
* [[Fazlul Haque Amini]] (1945–2012)
* [[Gulamur Rahman]] (1865–1937)
* [[Hafezzi Huzur]] (1895–1997)
* [[Ibrahim Chatuli]] (1894–1984)
* [[Ibrahim Ujani]] (1863–1943)
* [[Izharul Islam]]
* [[Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir]] (1961–2016)
* [[Khwaja Yunus Ali]] (1886–1951)
* [[Mahfuzul Haque]] (born 1969)
* [[Mahmudul Hasan (scholar)|Mahmudul Hasan]] (born 1950)
* [[Mohammad Akram Khan]] (1868–1969)
* [[Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib]] (born 1948)
* [[Muhammad Faizullah]] (1892–1976)
* [[Muhammad Shahidullah]] (1885–1969)
* [[Muhammad Wakkas]] (1952–2021)
* [[Muhibbullah Babunagari]] (born 1935)
* [[Muhiuddin Khan]] (1935–2016)
* [[Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri]] (1907–1971)
* [[Nur Hossain Kasemi]] (1945–2020)
* [[Nur Uddin Gohorpuri]] (1924–2005)
* [[Nurul Islam Farooqi]] (died 2014)
* [[Nurul Islam Jihadi]] (1948–2021)
* [[Nurul Islam Olipuri (Bangladeshi scholar)|Nurul Islam Olipuri]] (born 1955)
* [[Obaidul Haque]] (1934–2008)
* [[Obaidullah Hamzah]] (born 1972)
* [[Ruhul Amin (mufti)|Ruhul Amin]] (born 1962)
* [[Sayed Muhammad Amimul Ehasan Barkati]] (1911–1974)
* [[Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari]] (born 1959)
* [[Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri]] (1889–2001)
* [[Sajidur Rahman]] (born 1964)
* [[Sayed Kamaluddin Zafree]] (born 1945)
* [[Sheikh Ahmadullah]] (born 1981)
* [[Shah Ahmad Hasan]] (1882–1967)
* [[Shah Ahmad Shafi]] (1916–2020)
* [[Shahidul Islam (Mufti)|Shahidul Islam]] (1960–2023)
* [[Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury]] (b. 1985)
* [[Shamsul Haque Faridpuri]] (1896–1969)
* [[Shamsul Huda Panchbagi]] (1897–1988)
* [[Syed Fazlul Karim]] (1935–2006)
* [[Syed Mohammad Saifur Rahman]] (born 1916)
* [[Syed Rezaul Karim]] (born 1971)
* [[Ubaidul Haq]] (1928–2007)
* [[Zia Uddin]] (born 1941)

====India====
* [[Abdul Hakkim Azhari]] (born 1971)
* [[Abdul Ghani Azhari]] (1922 - 2023)
* [[Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni]] (1898–1970)
* [[Abdul Haq Azmi]] (1928–2016)
* [[Abdul Jalil Choudhury]] (1925–1989)
* [[Abdul Khaliq Sambhali]] (1950–2021)
* [[Abdul Rashid Dawoodi]] (born 1979)
* [[Abdul Razzaq (Mufti)|Abdul Razzaq]] (1932–2021)
* [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]] (1927–2008)
* [[Ameen Mian Qaudri]] (born 1955)
* [[Ahmed Ali Badarpuri]] (1915–2000)
* [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]] (1856 - 1921)
* [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]] (1901–1984)
* [[Bashir al-Najafi]] (born 1942)
* [[Bashir-ud-din Farooqi]] (1934–2019)
* [[E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar]] (1914–1996)
* [[E Sulaiman Musliyar]] (born 1942)
* [[Faizul Waheed]] (1966–2021)
* [[Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri]] (born 1978)
* [[Habibur Rahman Khairabadi]] (born 1933)
* [[Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi]] (1910–1987)
* [[Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi]] (1909–1992)
* [[Hashmi Miya]] (born 1947)
* [[Hasnain Baqai]]
* [[Hassan Raza Khan]] (1859–1908)
* [[Jaleel Ahmad]] (1941-1996)
* [[Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani]] (1942–2006)
* [[Kaif Raza Khan]] (born 2001)
* [[Kalbe Abid]] (1923–1986)
* [[Kalbe Sadiq]] (1939–2020)
* [[Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar]] (born 1939)
* [[Kanniyath Ahmed Musliyar]] (1900–1993)
* [[Khalid Saifullah Rahmani]] (born 1956)
* [[Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi]]
* [[Masroor Abbas Ansari]] (born 1975)
* [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]] (1926–2018)
* [[Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi]] (born 1954)
* [[Muhammad Taqi Amini]] (1926–1991)
* [[Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri]] (1937–2017)
* [[Minnatullah Rahmani]] (1913–1991)
* [[Muhammad Madni Ashraf Ashrafi Al-Jilani]] (born 1938)
* [[Mujahidul Islam Qasmi]] (1936–2002)
* [[Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri]] (1892–1981)
* [[Nazir Ahmad Qasmi]] (born 20 June 1964)
* [[Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi]] (1926–2021)
* [[Noor Alam Khalil Amini]] (1952–2021)
* [[Qamaruzzaman Azmi]] (born 1946)
* [[Rafiq Ahmad Pampori]] (born 1956)
* [[Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi]] (born 1956)
* [[Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri|Safi-Ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri]]
* [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]] (1908–1985)
* [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]] (1927–2002)
* [[Salman Mazahiri]] (1946–2020)
* [[Sayyid Abdurahman Imbichikoya Thangal Al-Aydarusi Al-Azhari]] (1922–2015)
* [[Shah Alam Gorakhpuri|hah Alam Gorakhpuri]] (born 1969)
* [[Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi]] (1884–1954)
* [[Shakir Ali Noori]] (born 1960)
* [[Shams Naved Usmani]] (1931–1993)
* [[Syed Ahmad Hashmi]] (1932–2001)
* [[Syed Aqeel-ul-Gharavi]] (born 1964)
* [[Syed Hamidul Hasan]]
* [[Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari]] (1964 - )
* [[Syed Mohammed Mukhtar Ashraf]] (1916–1996)
* [[Sayed Muhammed Ali Shihab Thangal]] (1936–2009)
* [[Tauqeer Raza Khan]] (Islamic Cleric)
* [[Usman Mansoorpuri]] (1944–2021)
* [[Wahiduddin Khan]] (1925–2021)
* [[Wasiullah Abbas]] (born 1948)
* [[Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi]] (1944–2020)
* [[Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi]] (1910–1991)
* [[Zeeshan Haider Jawadi]] (1938–2000)
* [[Ziauddin Madani]] (1877–1981)
* [[Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri]] (born 1935)

====Indonesia====
* [[Abdul Somad]] (born 1977)
* [[Abdullah Gymnastiar]] (born 1962)
* [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] (1940–2009)
* [[Abdul Qadir Djaelani]] (1938–2021)
* [[Abdullah Wasi'an]] (1917–2011)
* [[Adi Hidayat]] (born 1984)
* [[Adian Husaini]] (born 1965)
* [[Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim]] (born 1970)
* [[Ahmad Muhtadi Dimyathi]] (born 1953)
* [[Ali Alwi]] (born 1967)
* [[Ali Yafie]] (1926–2023)
* [[Bachtiar Nasir]] (born 1967)
* [[Bahar bin Smith]] (born 1985)
* [[B.J. Habibie]] (1936–2019)
* [[Budhy Munawar Rachman]] (born 1963)
* [[Fakih Usman]] (1904–1968)
* [[Felix Siauw]] (born 1984)
* [[Hamka]] (1908–1981)
* [[Hasyim Muzadi]] (1944–2017)
* [[Ilyas Ruhiat]] (1934–2007)
* [[Jefri Al Buchori]] (1973–2013)
* [[Khalid Basalamah]] (born 1975)
* [[Mamah Dedeh]] (born 1951)
* [[Maria Ulfah]] (born 1955)
* [[Ma'ruf Amin]] (born 1943)
* [[Mas Mansoer]] (1896–1946)
* [[Miftachul Achyar]] (born 1953)
* [[Mohammad Natsir]] (1908–1993)
* [[Muhammad Hanif Alatas]] (born 1993)
* [[Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya]] (born 1947)
* [[Muhammad Murtadho Dimyathi]] (born 1958)
* [[Muhammad Yahya Waloni]] (1970-2025)
* [[Mustofa Bisri]] (born 1944)
* [[Munzir Al-Musawa]] (1973–2013)
* [[Noer Muhammad Iskandar]] (1955–2020)
* [[Quraish Shihab]] (born 1944)
* [[Rizieq Shihab]] (born 1965)
* [[Saggaf bin Muhammad Aljufri]] (1937-2021)
* [[Sahal Mahfudh]] (1937–2014)
* [[Said Aqil Siradj]] (born 1953)
* [[Shamsi Ali]] (born 1967)
* [[Siti Noordjannah Djohantini]] (born 1958)
* [[Siti Chamamah Soeratno]] (born 1941)
* [[Syafiq Riza Basalamah]] (born 1977)
* [[Uci Turtusi]] (1964–2021)
* [[Ustadz Solmed]] (born 1983)
* [[Wijayanto]] (born 1968)
* [[Yahya Cholil Staquf]] (born 1966)
* [[Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas]] (1963–2024)
* [[Yusuf Mansur]] (born 1976)
* [[Zainuddin M. Z.]] (1952–2011)

====Malaysia====
* [[Abdul Hadi Awang]] (born 1947)
* [[Asri Zainul Abidin]] (born 1971)
* [[Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki]] (born 1976)
* [[Burhanuddin al-Helmy]] (1911–1969)
* [[Fathul Bari Mat Jahya]] (born 1980)
* [[Haron Din]] (1940–2016)
* [[Harussani Zakaria]] (1939–2021)
* [[Hassan Azhari]] (1928–2018)
* [[Hussain Yee]] (born 1950)
* [[Juanda Jaya]] (born 1972)
* [[Kazim Elias]] (born 1972)
* [[Khairuddin Razali]] (born 1973)
* [[Mohd Na'im Mokhtar]] (born 1967)
* [[Muhammad Nur Manuty]] (1949–2025)
* [[Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat]] (1931–2015)
* [[Osman Bakar]] (born 1946)
* [[Rusni Hassan]] (born 1968)
* [[Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas]] (born 1931)
* [[Syeikh Abdullah Fahim]] (1869–1961)
* [[Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man]] (born 1960)
* [[Yusof Rawa]] (1922–2000)
* [[Zailan Moris|Zailan Morris]] (died 2021)
* [[Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri]] (born 1969)

====Pakistan====
* [[Abdul Rashid Ghazi|Abdul Rashid]] (1964-2007)
* [[Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi]] (1915–2001)
* [[Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri]] (1940–2021)
* [[Abu Yahya (author)|Abu Yahya]] (born 1969)
* [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1903–1979)
* [[Adil Khan (scholar)|Adil Khan]] (1957–2020)
* [[Ahmad Nurani]] (1926–2003)
* [[Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan]] (1934–2017)
* [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]] (1904–1997)
* [[Aqeel Turabi]] (1934–2009)
* [[:ur:بدیع_الدین_شاہ_راشدی|Badi' ud-Din Shah]] (Born 1936)
* [[Ehsan Elahi Zaheer]] (1945–1987)
* [[Fateh Muhammad Panipati]] (1905–1987)
* [[Ghulam Ahmed Perwez]] (1903–1985)
* [[Ghulam Ali Okarvi]] (1919–2000)
* [[Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Ghaznavi]] (1902–1975)
* [[Ghulam Rasul Sa'idi]] (1937–2016)
* [[Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar]] (1928–2013)
* [[Ilyas Qadri]] (born 1950)
* [[Israr Ahmed]] (1932–2010)
* [[Javed Ahmad Ghamidi]] (born 1952)
* [[Jawad Naqvi]] (born 1952)
* [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]] (1966–2020)
* [[Khalid Masud]] (1935–2003)
* [[Khurshid Ahmad (scholar)|Khurshid Ahmad]] (born 1932)
* [[Manzoor Ahmad Chinioti|Manzur Ahmad Chinioti]] (1931-2004)
* [[Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi|Muhammad Abdullah]] (1935-1998)
* [[Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui]] (1936–2017)
* [[Muhammad Ali Mirza]] (1977)
* [[Muhammad Hanif Nadvi]] (1908–1987)
* [[Muhammad Raza Saqib Mustafai]] (born 1972)
* [[Muneeb-ur-Rehman]] (born 1945)
* [[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai]] (1917–2017)
* [[Nizamuddin Shamzai]] (1952– 2004)
* [[Rafi Usmani]] (1936–2022)
* [[Rasheed Turabi]] (1908–1973)
* [[Sanaullah Amritsari]] (1868-1948)
* [[Shah Turab-ul-Haq]] (1944–2016)
* [[Shehanshah Hussain Naqvi ]] (born 1974)
* [[Syed Adnan Kakakhail]] (born 1975)
* [[Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri]] (1941–1993)
* [[Talib Jauhari]] (1939–2020)
* [[Taqi Usmani]] (born 1949)
* [[Tariq Masood]] (born 1975)
* [[Uzair Gul Peshawari]] (1886–1989)
* [[Zar Wali Khan]] (1953–2020)
* [[Zubayr 'Ali Za'i]] (1957–2013)

===Central Asia===
====Kazakhstan====
* [[Absattar Derbisali]] (1947–2021)
* [[Ratbek hadji Nysanbayev]] (1940-2026)

====Uzbekistan====
* [[Muhammad Sadik Muhammad Yusuf]] (1952–2015)
* [[Usmankhan Alimov]] (1950–2021)

===East Asia===
====China====
* [[Du Shuzhen]] (born 1924)
* [[Muhammad Ma Jian]] (1906–1978)

====Philippines====
* [[Ahmad Bashir (Islamic scholar)|Ahmad Bashir]] (1919–1989)
* [[Said Ahmad Basher]] (born 1951)

==Europe==

=== Albania ===
* [[Al-Albani]] (1914–1999)
* [[Hafiz Sabri Koçi]] (1921-2004)
* [[Haxhi Faik Hoxha]] (1930-2011)
* [[Haxhi Xhaferr Shkodra]] (1931-2016)
* [[Vehbi Sulejman Gavoçi]] (1923–2013)

=== Belarus ===
*[[Ismail Alieksandrovič]] (1929-2024)

=== Bosnia ===
* [[Husein Kavazović]] (born 1964)
* [[Jusuf Barčić]] (1967–2007)
* [[Mustafa Cerić]] (born 1952) Bosnia and Herzegovina

=== Croatia ===
* [[Ševko Omerbašić]] (born 1945)

=== Cyprus ===
* [[Nazim Al-Haqqani]] (1922–2014)

===Kosovo===
* [[Ali Jakupi]] (1913-1988) Kosovo
* [[Abdul Qader Arnaoot]] (1928–2004) Kosovo
* [[Ajni Sinani]] (born 1962)
* [[Mulla Idriz Gjilani]] (1901–1949) Kosovo
* [[Shefqet Krasniqi]] (born 1966) Kosovo
* [[Sherif Ahmeti]] (1920–1998) Kosovo
* [[Nexhat Ibrahimi]] (born 1959) Kosovo

=== North Macedonia ===
* [[Hafiz Idriz Idrizi]] (1936-2005)
* [[Jakup Asipi]] (1951-2006)
* [[Taxhedin Bislimi]] (1961)

=== Poland ===
* [[Tomasz Miśkiewicz]] (born 1977)

=== Romania ===
* [[Murat Yusuf]] (born 1977)

===Russia===
* [[Anas Pshikhachev]] (1967-2010)
* [[Ahmad Afandi Abdulaev]] (born 1959)
* [[Akhmad Kadyrov]] (1951–2004)
* [[Ildus Fayzov]] (born 1963)
* [[Ismail Berdiyev]] (1954–2024)
* [[Kamil Samigullin]] (born 1985)
* [[Rawil Ğaynetdin]] (born 1959)
* [[Said Afandi al-Chirkawi]] (1937–2012)
* [[Shamil Alyautdinov]] (born 1974)
* [[Talgat Tadzhuddin]] (born 1948)
* [[Valiulla Yakupov]] (1963 - 2012)

===[[Serbia]]===
* [[Muamer Zukorlić]] (1969-2022)

===Ukraine===
* [[Said Ismagilov]] (born 1978)

===Western Europe===
====Austria====
* [[Adnan Ibrahim]] (born 1966)
* [[Muhammad Asad]] (1900–1992)

====Ireland====
* [[Umar Al-Qadri]] (born 1982)

====United Kingdom====

* [[Abd al-Haqq Turkmani]]
* [[Dawud Burbank|Abu Talhah Dawud Burbank]]
* [[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]] London
* [[Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq]] (born 1971) Leicester
* [[Ajmal Masroor]] (born 1971) London
* [[Ahmed Saad Al-Azhari]] (born 1978) London
* [[Asrar Rashid]] Birmingham
* [[Haifaa Jawad]] Birmingham
* [[Haitham al-Haddad]] (born 1971) London
* [[Ibrahim Mogra]] (born 1965) Leicester
* [[Joel Hayward]] (born 1964) Cambridge
* [[Khurshid Ahmad (scholar)]] (born 1932) Leicester
* [[Martin Lings]] (1909–2005) Manchester
* [[Mohammad Akram Nadwi]] (born 1964) Oxford
* [[Muhammad Abdul Bari]] (born 1953) London
* [[Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari]], Leicester
* [[Mohammed Hijab]] (born 1991), London
* [[Musharraf Hussain]] (born 1962) Nottingham
* [[Abu Layth]] (born 1979), Birmingham
* [[Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood]] (born 1942) London
* [[Shabbir Akhtar]] (born 1960) Bradford
* [[Timothy Winter]] (born 1960) London
* [[Yasser Al-Habib|Yasser al-Habib]] (born 1979)
* [[Yusuf Motala]] (1946–2019) Lancashire

====Switzerland====
* [[Frithjof Schuon]] (1907–1998)
* [[Tariq Ramadan]] (born 1962) Geneva

==North America==
=== Canada ===
* [[Ahmad Kutty]] (born 1946), Toronto
* [[Faraz Rabbani]], Ontario
* [[Farhat Hashmi]] (born 1957)
* [[Ingrid Mattson]] (born 1963), Ontario
* [[Jamal Badawi]], Halifax, Nova Scotia
* [[Muzaffar Iqbal]] (born 1954), Edmonton
* [[Reza Hosseini Nassab]] (born 1960), Toronto
* [[Shabir Ally]] (born 1953)

===Jamaica===
*[[Abdullah el-Faisal]] (born 1963)
*[[Bilal Philips]] (born 1947)

===Trinidad===
* [[Imran N. Hosein]] (born 1942)

===United States===
* [[Aminah McCloud]] (born 1958)
* [[Amina Wadud]] (born 1952)
* [[Amir Hussain]] Los Angeles, CA
* [[Asifa Quraishi]]
* [[Asma Barlas]] (born 1950)
* [[Azizah Y. al-Hibri]] (born 1943) Virginia
* [[Caner Dagli]]
* [[Dalia Mogahed]]
* [[Fazlur Rahman Malik]] (1919–1988) Illinois
* [[Fetullah Gulen]] (born 1941) Pennsylvania
* [[Hamza Yusuf]] (born 1958) Berkeley, CA
* [[Hamid Algar]] (born 1940) Berkeley, CA
* [[Hassan Hathout]] (1924–2009) Pasadena. CA
* [[Ismail al-Faruqi]] (1921–1986)
* [[Jonathan A.C. Brown]] (born 1977) Washington DC
* [[Kecia Ali]] (born 1972) Massachusetts
* [[Khaled Abou El Fadl]] (born 1963) California
* [[Khalid Yahya Blankinship]] (born 1949) Philadelphia, PA
* [[Laleh Bakhtiar]] (1938–2020)
* [[Louay Safi]] (born 1955)
* [[Maria Massi Dakake]] (born 1968)
* [[Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh]] (born 1945) Virginia
* [[Mohammad Hassan Khalil]] Michigan
* [[Muqtedar Khan]] (born 1966) Delaware
* [[Muzammil H. Siddiqi]] (born 1943)
* [[Omar Khalidi]] (1953–2010)
* [[Omar Suleiman (imam)|Omar Suleiman]] Texas
* [[Omid Safi]] North Carolina
* [[Ovamir Anjum]] Ohio
* [[Riffat Hassan]] (born 1953)
* [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] (born 1933)
* [[Sherman Jackson]] California
* [[Umar Faruq Abd-Allah]] (born 1948) Chicago
* [[Wael Hallaq]] (born 1955) New York
* [[Warith Deen Mohammed]] (1933–2008) Illinois
* [[Yasir Qadhi]] (born 1975) Texas
* [[Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi]] (born 1982) Chicago
* [[Zaid Shakir]] (born 1956) California

== Oceania ==
=== Australia ===
* [[Charis Waddy]] (1909–2004)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Waddy, Charis (1909–2004)|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/waddy-charis-1909-2004|encyclopedia=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages|year=2006|accessdate=22 July 2021|via=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
* [[Fehmi Naji]] (1928–2016)
* [[Ibrahim Abu Mohamed]]
* [[Taj El-Din Hilaly]] (born 1941)

=== New Zealand ===
* [[Joel Hayward]] (born in Christchurch in 1964), lives in Abu Dhabi

==See also==
* [[Education in Islam]]
* [[Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic)]]
* [[Islamic studies]]
* [[List of Muslim comparative theologians]]
* [[List of female Islamic scholars]]
* [[List of Islamic historians]]
* [[List of Islamic jurists]]
* [[List of Islamic philosophers]]
* [[List of Muslim astronomers]]
* [[List of Muslim mathematicians]]
* [[List of Muslim scientists]]
* [[List of contemporary Sufi scholars]]
* [[List of Muslim writers and poets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muslim Scholars}}
[[Category:Islamic scholars| ]]
[[Category:Lists of scholars and academics]]
[[Category:Lists of theologians and religious studies scholars]]
[[Category:Islam-related lists]]

Golakganj Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T19:35:13Z

Gaurav: New stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Golakganj
| constituency_no = 6
| type = SLA
| map_image = Golakganj Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]
| district = [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| electors = 
}}
'''Golakganj Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 constituencies of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. Golakganj forms a part of the [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1951 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| Santosh Barua
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Bhuban Chandra Prodhani
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| K. C. Roy Pradhani
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| K. C. Roy Pradhani
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Alauddin Sarkar
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| K. C. Roy Pradhani
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Dalim Ray
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Alauddin Sarkar
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Alauddin Sarkar
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[Dinesh Chandra Sarkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| Abu Taher Bepari
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| Abu Taher Bepari
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| [[Abdus Sobahan Ali Sarkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golakganj}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
|votes = 110,533
|percentage = 56.88
|change = +13.74
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kartik Chandra Ray
|votes = 79,751
|percentage = 41.04
|change = -7.92
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Jamsher Talukdar
|votes = 2,485
|percentage = 1.28
|change = +1.28
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Ulama Council
|candidate = Jakir Hussain
|votes = 423
|percentage = 0.22
|change = +0.03
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,120
|percentage = 0.58
|change = -0.06
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,782
|percentage = 15.84
|change = +5.15
}}

{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 194,312
|percentage = 
|change = 
}}

{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 
}}

{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}

{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golakganj}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Abdus Sobahan Ali Sarkar]]
|votes = 89,870
|percentage = 48.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
|votes = 79,171
|percentage = 43.14
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abu Taher Bepari
|votes = 10,431
|percentage = 5.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,172
|percentage = 0.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sahidur Rahman
|votes = 1,114
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nilimoy Prodhani
|votes = 1,030
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Assam Jatiya Parishad
|candidate = Atikur Rahman
|votes = 410
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Ulama Council
|candidate = Mominur Alom
|votes = 343
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,699
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,83,541
|percentage = 90
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 2,03,940
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golakganj<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashwini Roy Sarkar
|votes = 74,644
|percentage = 46.20
|change = +5.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdus Sobhan Ali Sarkar
|votes = 68,253
|percentage = 42.24
|change = -1.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Safer Ali Ahmed
|votes = 16,843
|percentage = 10.42
|change = -1.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jalaluddin Khan
|votes = 814
|percentage = 0.50
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,001
|percentage = 0.61
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,391
|percentage = 3.96
|change = +0.99
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,61,555
|percentage = 91.23
|change = +3.84
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,77,078
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golakganj}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abu Taher Bepari
|votes = 59,320
|percentage = 43.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashwini Roy Sarkar
|votes = 55,312
|percentage = 40.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Safer Ali Ahmed
|votes = 15,522
|percentage = 11.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Sarkar
|votes = 1,879
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Jalaluddin Khan
|votes = 1,575
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ali Hussain
|votes = 1,360
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,008
|percentage = 2.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,34,968
|percentage = 87.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,54,433
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.11|89.83|display=title}}

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Ravi Mohan

2026-05-05T12:17:12Z

Gaurav: Started First Post Added Tags

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Jayam Ravi at Naya Gadget Shop Launch Event.jpg
| caption = Ravi at Naya Gadget Shop Launch
| other_names = Jayam Ravi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1980|9|10}}
| birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[Tirumangalam, Madurai |Tirumangalam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|film director|producer}}
| organization = Ravi Mohan Studios
| spouse = {{marriage|Aarthi|2009|2024|reason=separated}}
| children = Ararv Ayan 
| years active = 1989{{endash}}present
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]
| father = [[Editor Mohan|Mohan]]
| relatives = [[Mohan Raja]] (brother)
}}

'''Ravi Mohan''' (born 10 September 1980), better known by his former stage name '''Jayam Ravi''', is an Indian film actor, director and producer who works in [[Tamil cinema]]. The son of veteran film editor [[A. Mohan]], Ravi made his lead acting debut in ''[[Jayam (2003 film)|Jayam]]'' (2003), the success of which prompted the title to become a prefix to his stage name until 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-13 |title=Jayam Ravi changes name to Ravi Mohan; announces his own production banner and fans organisation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jayam-ravi-changes-name-to-ravi-mohan-announces-his-own-production-banner-and-fans-organisation/article69095664.ece |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |archive-date=13 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113125503/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jayam-ravi-changes-name-to-ravi-mohan-announces-his-own-production-banner-and-fans-organisation/article69095664.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He has won one [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award]] and one [[Filmfare Award South]] and three [[SIIMA]] Awards respectively.

The success of ''Jayam'' made Ravi continue to collaborate with his brother for other films including ''[[M. Kumaran S/O Mahalakshmi]]'' (2004), ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]'' (2006), ''[[Santhosh Subramaniam]]'' (2008) and ''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' (2015). He launched his own production company, Ravi Mohan Studios, and produced various films and including ''Bro Code''.

==Early life and family==
Ravi Mohan was born as M. Ravi in [[Tirumangalam, Madurai]].<ref name="Debut">{{Cite web |last=T |first=Manigandan K. |title=HBD Jayam Ravi: ஜெயம் ரவி குழந்தை நட்சத்திரமாக நடித்த தமிழ் படம் எது தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/do-you-know-which-tamil-film-starred-jayam-ravi-as-a-child-artist-131694253986742.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117142736/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/do-you-know-which-tamil-film-starred-jayam-ravi-as-a-child-artist-131694253986742.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His father is [[Editor Mohan]], a Tamil,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.vikatan.com/new/article.php?module=magazine&aid=10297&r_frm=search | location=Chennai, India | work=Ananda Vikatan | title=Lovable Madurai People | date=14 September 2011 | access-date=29 March 2014 | archive-date=8 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408231532/http://www.vikatan.com/new/article.php?module=magazine&aid=10297&r_frm=search | url-status=dead }}</ref> while his mother Varalakshmi is Telugu from [[Hyderabad]]. His father was born as a [[Muslims|Muslim]] while his mother is a [[Hindus|Hindu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=நான் முஸ்லீம், என் மனைவி பிராமணர்.. 3 முறை திருமணம் செய்துகொண்டது ஏன்? - ஜெயம் ரவியின் தந்தை சுவாரஸ்ய பேட்டி |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/jayam-ravi-parents-mohan-and-varalakshmi-opens-up-about-their-love-marriage-rltycz |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Asianet News Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> His elder brother, [[Mohan Raja]], is a film director, with most of his films featuring Ravi in the lead role, while his sister, Roja, is a dentist. Ravi grew up in both [[Chennai]] and [[Hyderabad]]. He completed his schooling at Jawahar Vidyalaya in [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai]]. He studied dancing under the [[Bharatnatyam]] dancer Nalini Balakrishnan and performed his [[arangetram (dance)|arangetram]] at the age of 12. After completing his degree in [[Visual Communication]] from [[Loyola College, Chennai]], he decided to get into the film industry. He also trained in acting at the Kishore Namit Kapur Institute in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-talks-to-his-fans-news-tamil-kkfsVVdgbid.html |title=Jayam Ravi talks to his fans |website=[[Sify]] |date=9 September 2008 |access-date=18 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108163430/http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-talks-to-his-fans-news-tamil-kkfsVVdgbid.html |archive-date= 8 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-meets-fans-on-sify-com-imagegallery-events-jdwmSmibcjf.html?html=4#galname |title='Jayam' Ravi meets fans on |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209203028/http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-meets-fans-on-sify-com-imagegallery-events-jdwmSmibcjf.html?html=4#galname |archive-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Before debuting as an actor, Ravi had been an assistant director to [[Suresh Krishna (director)|Suresh Krishna]] for ''[[Aalavandhan]]'' (2001), starring [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jayam-ravi-wife-aarti-ravi-removes-all-her-instagram-photos-with-him-101719317541400.html|title=Jayam Ravi's wife Aarti Ravi removes all her Instagram photos with him, internet wonders if there's trouble in paradise|work=Hindustan Times |date=25 June 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024|archive-date=26 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626012310/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jayam-ravi-wife-aarti-ravi-removes-all-her-instagram-photos-with-him-101719317541400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Acting career==

===1989–2008: Debut and success===
Ravi acted as a child actor in three films including two Telugu films: ''Oru Thottil Sabadham'' (1989), ''[[Bava Bavamaridi]]'' (1993) and ''[[Palnati Pourusham]]'' (1993), which were all produced by his father.<ref name="Debut"/><ref name="Child">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/jayam-ravi-was-a-child-actor-in-two-films/articleshow/48214763.cms|title=Jayam Ravi was a child actor in two films|newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 July 2015}}</ref>

Ravi made his lead acting debut in the action-[[masala (film genre)|masala]] film ''[[Jayam (2003 film)|Jayam]]'', produced by his father and directed by his brother [[Mohan Raja]]. It was a remake of the 2002 [[Jayam (2002 film)|Telugu film of the same name]]. His next venture was the sentimental drama ''[[M. Kumaran Son Of Mahalakshmi]]'' (2004), the remade version of the Telugu film ''[[Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi]]'', in which he starred alongside [[Asin Thottumkal]]. Of Ravi's performance, a critic from [[Sify]] wrote that he "makes you want to see more of him",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/m-kumaran-son-of-mahalakshmi-review-tamil-13581071.html |title=Movie Review:M.Kumaran son of Mahalakshmi |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909072609/http://www.sify.com/movies/m-kumaran-son-of-mahalakshmi-review-tamil-13581071.html |archive-date=9 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'}}s Malathi Rangarajan noted that he came out with an "appreciable portrayal throughout".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/10/08/stories/2004100802130301.htm |title=Entertainment / Film Review : M. Kumaran Son of |location=India |date=8 October 2004 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212051724/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/10/08/stories/2004100802130301.htm |archive-date=12 February 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film, considered a family entertainer, received the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award (Special Prizes)|Tamil Nadu State Film Special Award for Best Film]] and fetched Ravi himself the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/feb/13award.htm|title=Tamil Nadu state awards announced|access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=18 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218090534/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/feb/13award.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It also emerged a financial success and he changed his stage name to Jayam Ravi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-is-victorious-second-time-news-tamil-kkfvDWiaahb.html |title='Jayam' Ravi is victorious second time! |website=[[Sify]] |date=22 November 2004 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021151413/http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-is-victorious-second-time-news-tamil-kkfvDWiaahb.html |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

His next release, ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' (2005), a romantic action,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/daas-tamil-movie-7492|title =Daas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/05look.htm |title=Jeyam Ravi on a hat-trick |publisher=Rediff |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026002510/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/05look.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> featured him as a [[association football|football player]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/05look.htm|title=Jeyam Ravi on a hat-trick|access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215001803/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/05look.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film took an even bigger opening than his previous ones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13909216&cid=2408 |title=Welcome to |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091636/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13909216&cid=2408 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sify's reviewer described his performance as "impressive", calling Ravi a "hundred percent convincing as an action hero".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dass-review-tamil-13906776.html |title=Movie Review:Dass |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011225834/http://www.sify.com/movies/dass-review-tamil-13906776.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Mazhai]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'', was his other release that year, which was "lukewarm" at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ravis-big-white-hope-news-tamil-kkfvtJedhie.html |title=Ravi's big white hope! |website=[[Sify]] |date=5 February 2006 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021151456/http://www.sify.com/movies/ravis-big-white-hope-news-tamil-kkfvtJedhie.html |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2006, he starred in [[Saran (director)|Saran]]'s ''[[Idhaya Thirudan]]'', which performed poorly at the box office,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ravi-in-a-fix-news-tamil-kkfvsAecgaj.html |title=Ravi in a fix! |website=[[Sify]] |date=17 February 2006 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021153515/http://www.sify.com/movies/ravi-in-a-fix-news-tamil-kkfvsAecgaj.html |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> following which, he acted in ''[[Something Something Unakkum Enakkum|Unakkum Enakkum]]'' (initially released and promoted as ''Something Something Unakkum Enakkum''), again under his brother's direction in another remake of a Telugu film ''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]''. Ravi portrayed a rich, happy-go-lucky [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] from London, who has to live and fight for his love in dire conditions in a rural milieu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/something-something-unakkum-enakkum-tamil-movie-review-7757|title =Something Something Unakkum Enakkum Review}}</ref> The film, which featured [[Trisha Krishnan]] alongside Ravi, became a high critical as well as financial success,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/15-years-of-unakkum-enakkum-five-lovable-scenes-from-jayam-ravi-and-trishas-romantic-drama/photostory/84758466.cms?picid=84758613|title =15 Years of 'Unakkum Enakkum': Five lovable scenes from Jayam Ravi and Trisha's romantic drama|work =The Times of India|date =27 July 2021}}</ref> emerging one of the highest-grossing and most-profitable films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/2006-hits-misses-news-tamil-kkfvg4dgeah.html |title=2006– Hits & Misses |website=[[Sify]] |date=29 December 2006 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823115707/http://www.sify.com/movies/2006-hits-misses-news-tamil-kkfvg4dgeah.html |archive-date=23 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/year-ender-part-i-tamil-news-27873|title =Year-ender Part I}}</ref> The [[N. Linguswamy]]-produced ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]'' under [[Ezhil]]'s direction was released on 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/deepavali-movie-review.html|title=Deepavali, an early festival for the crew|access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222001623/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/deepavali-movie-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, Ravi appeared in three films. Following a [[cameo appearance]] in ''[[Velli Thirai]]'', he acted in the family drama ''[[Santhosh Subramaniam]]'', once again under his brother's direction in a remake. In the Tamil version of the 2006 Telugu film ''[[Bommarillu]]'', starring opposite [[Genelia D'Souza]], he played a young man, whose choices and wishes are continually subdued by his father.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/04/18/stories/2008041850070300.htm |title=Cinema Plus / Film Review : The "Jayam" jamboree – Santosh Subramaniam |location=India |date=18 April 2008 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612120912/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/04/18/stories/2008041850070300.htm |archive-date=12 June 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ravi received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Tamil)|Best Tamil Actor Award]] at the [[56th Filmfare Awards South]]. Next, he starred in the action thriller ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'', directed by cinematographer-director [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]], who died in the midst of the film's shooting in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/cinematographer-jeeva-passes-away-in-russia-tamil-news-31983|title =Cinematographer Jeeva passes away in Russia}}</ref> Completed by Jeeva's assistant Manikandan, his wife Aneez Tanveer and his guru [[P. C. Sreeram]], ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'' released in mid-2008 in which he portrayed Gautham Subramaniyam, a man accused in a murder he did not commit.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhaam-dhoom-review-tamil-14749430.html |title=Movie Review:Dhaam Dhoom |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812033640/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhaam-dhoom-review-tamil-14749430.html |archive-date=12 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sify's reviewer wrote that he was "simply amazing in his role", label the film as an "out and out Jayam Ravi movie".<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

===2009–2019: Action and comedy roles===
In 2009, Ravi starred in the action-adventure film ''[[Peraanmai]]''. In 2010, he starred in the action-comedy ''[[Thillalangadi]]'', a remake of the 2009 Telugu-language film ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]''. In 2011, he starred in the romantic drama ''[[Engeyum Kaadhal]]''. In 2013, he starred in the action film ''[[Ameerin Aadhi-Bhagavan]]''. In 2014, he starred in the action film ''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]'', which was also shot simultaneously in Telugu as ''[[Janda Pai Kapiraju]]'' with [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] in the lead.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nimirndhu-Nil-gearing-up/articleshow/24234609.cms |title=Nimirndhu Nil gearing up |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609233044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nimirndhu-Nil-gearing-up/articleshow/24234609.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:The U.S Consulate Chennai celebrated its two-year anniversary on Facebook with U.S. Consul General Jennifer McIntyre, actors Bharath Srinivasan and Jeyam Ravi29.jpg|right|thumb|Ravi seen with his fans at an event in chennai]]
In 2015, Ravi appeared in four films: the romantic comedy ''[[Romeo Juliet (2015 film)|Romeo Juliet]]'', the action-comedy ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]'', the action-thriller ''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' (directed by his brother [[Mohan Raja]]) and the sports action film ''[[Bhooloham]]''. In 2016, he starred in the action-horror film ''[[Miruthan]]'' revolving around a zombie apocalypse. In 2017, he appeared in the action-thriller ''[[Bogan (film)|Bogan]]'' (reuniting with actor [[Arvind Swami]] after ''Thani Oruvan'') and the action-adventure film ''[[Vanamagan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vanamagan/movie-review/59284910.cms |title=Vanamagan Review {2/5}: The movie is initially amusing, but the second half exposes the hollow, unimaginative script |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=11 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111234851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vanamagan/movie-review/59284910.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018, he starred in the sci-fi action film ''[[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]]'' (considered as India's first space film)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tik-tik-tik-visual-effects-in-india-first-space-film-5227105/|title=Tik Tik Tik: Breaking down the visual effects in India's first space film|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=22 June 2018|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112194925/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tik-tik-tik-visual-effects-in-india-first-space-film-5227105/|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and the action-thriller ''[[Adanga Maru]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=Adanga Maru's success proves that presentation matters more than the story: Jayam Ravi {{!}} Cinemaexpress |website=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/03/adanga-marus-success-proves-that-presentation-matters-more-than-the-story-jayam-ravi-9491.amp |access-date=2025-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304081611/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/03/adanga-marus-success-proves-that-presentation-matters-more-than-the-story-jayam-ravi-9491.amp |archive-date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> In 2019, he made a cameo in the adventure film ''[[Thumbaa]]'' and starred as the lead in the comedy film ''[[Comali]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/comali-movie-review-rating-jayam-ravi-5909088/ |title=Comali movie review: This Jayam Ravi comedy is a winner |date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622205551/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/comali-movie-review-rating-jayam-ravi-5909088/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2021–present: Professional expansion ===

After a two-year absence from the big screen, Ravi made his debut on [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] platforms with his 25th film, ''[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]]'', in 2021. The film was initially supposed to release in theatres but was instead released on OTT due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayam-ravi-s-25th-film-bhoomi-likely-to-release-directly-on-ott-report/story-QKHDMDzTVtklDa4P92K7WP.html|title = Jayam Ravi's 25th film Bhoomi likely to release directly on OTT: Report| work=Hindustan Times |date = 29 September 2020|access-date = 17 October 2021|archive-date = 9 January 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210109112041/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayam-ravi-s-25th-film-bhoomi-likely-to-release-directly-on-ott-report/story-QKHDMDzTVtklDa4P92K7WP.html|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2022, he was seen in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I|Ponniyin Selvan]]'' as [[Rajaraja I|Arulmozhivarman]] who later became the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] Emperor [[Rajaraja I|Raja Raja Chola]].<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite web |title=Karthi's, Jayam Ravi's looks in Ponniyin Selvan out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/100120/karthis-jayam-ravis-looks-in-ps-out.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201033208/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/kollywood/100120/karthis-jayam-ravis-looks-in-ps-out.html |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=10 January 2020 }}</ref> The second part was ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/ponniyin-selvan-2-review/20230428.htm|title=Ponniyin Selvan: 2 Review: Amazing Spectacle|access-date=11 December 2024|archive-date=12 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212103539/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/ponniyin-selvan-2-review/20230428.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He appeared in the revenge film ''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siren-tamil-movie-review/|title=Siren review: Jayam Ravi and Keerthy Suresh make this revenge drama watchable|date=16 February 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213134620/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siren-tamil-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> followed by the comedy drama film ''[[Brother (2024 film)|Brother]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brother Movie Review: Middling family drama with manufactured conflicts |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=31 October 2024 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Oct/31/brother-movie-review-middling-family-drama-with-manufactured-conflicts |access-date=11 December 2024 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213111827/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Oct/31/brother-movie-review-middling-family-drama-with-manufactured-conflicts |url-status=live }}</ref> which was released in theatres on October 31, 2024, and digitally on [[ZEE5]] on November 29, 2024''.''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-27 |title=Brother OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Jayam Ravi's latest Tamil family-drama online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/brother-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-jayam-ravis-latest-tamil-family-drama-online/articleshow/115742722.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

In 2025, Ravi Mohan founded his own production house, Ravi Mohan Studios.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2025|title=Ravi Mohan’s Grand New Beginning: Studio Launch, Film Announcements & Emotional Words|url=https://www.oneindia.com/chennai/ravi-mohan-studios-launch-live-celebs-galore-at-jayam-ravi-kenishas-new-studios-in-teynampet-7841055.html|website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> The company has produced and distributed several films and television series under its banner, all of which featured Mohan in acting roles. Some of these films include ''Bro Code'', ''An Ordinary Man'' and ''Khaaki Squad''. In 2026, he starred in the political action drama ''[[Parasakthi (2026 film)|Parasakthi]]'' as Thirunaadan, which was released theatrically on 10 January<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parasakthi Movie Review: Flaws and all, still a rousing resistance drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/parasakthi/movie-review/126450413.cms |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and premiered digitally on [[ZEE5]] on 7 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasanthi |first=V. |date=2026-02-05 |title=Parasakthi OTT: ஜீ5-ல் வந்த பராசக்தி.. சென்சாரில் கட் பண்ணிய காட்சிகளும் இருக்கா? சிவகார்த்திகேயன் நியூ அப்டேட் |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/ott/sivakarthikeyan-parasakthi-ott-release-date-film-to-stream-on-zee5-from-7th-771397.html |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=oneindia |language=ta}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ravi married Aarthi, daughter of film producer Sujatha Vijayakumar, in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wedding-bells-for-ravi/article3021174.ece|title=Wedding bells for Ravi|work=The Hindu|access-date=26 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730033113/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wedding-bells-for-ravi/article3021174.ece|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> They have two sons, Aarav and Ayaan. Aarav appeared alongside his father in the film ''[[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayam-ravi-s-advice-to-his-sons-don-t-make-girls-cry-1413014-2018-12-19|title=Jayam Ravi's advice to his sons: Don't make girls cry|website=India Today|date=19 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2018 |title=Jayam Ravi's son Aarav celebrates birthday with Tik Tik Tik crew |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayam-ravi-s-son-aarav-celebrates-birthday-with-tik-tik-tik-crew-1272926-2018-06-29 |website=India Today}}</ref> Ravi and Aarthi separated in September 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-30 |title=A timeline of Jayam Ravi and Aarti's divorce battle |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-timeline-of-jayam-ravi-and-aartis-divorce-battle/photostory/113791713.cms |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In January 2025, he changed his stage name to his real name, Ravi Mohan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Sep 22, 2024 |title=Jayam Ravi reacts to wife Aarti's divorce comment, says 'walked out of home' with nothing |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jayam-ravi-reacts-to-wife-aarti-divorce-comment-walked-out-of-home-with-nothing-101726982254546.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-10 |title=Jayam Ravi moves court to get officially get divorced from wife Aarti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravi-moves-court-to-get-officially-get-divorced-from-wife-aarti/articleshow/113226769.cms |access-date=2024-09-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911164642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravi-moves-court-to-get-officially-get-divorced-from-wife-aarti/articleshow/113226769.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Filmography ==
{{pending films key}}
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
| 1989 || ''Oru Thottil Sabadham'' || {{n/a}} || Child artist ||<ref name="Debut"/>
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Bava Bavamaridi]]'' || Young Raju || rowspan="2" | Telugu films, child artist ||<ref name="Child"/>
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Palnati Pourusham]]'' || Young Bheemineni Brahmanna
|
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Jayam (2003 film)|Jayam]]'' || Ravi || credited as Ravi M.
|
|-
| 2004 || ''[[M. Kumaran Son of Mahalakshmi]]'' || M. Kumaran ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005 || ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' || Antony Daas ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mazhai]]'' || Arjun ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Idhaya Thirudan]]'' || Mahesh Aalwar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]'' || Santhosh ||
|
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]'' || Billu Mudaliar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2008 || ''[[Velli Thirai]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Santosh Subramaniam|Santhosh Subramaniyam]]'' || Santhosh Subramaniyam ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'' || Gautham Subramaniam ||
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Peraanmai]]'' || R. Duruvan ||
|
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Thillalangadi]]'' || Krishna/ Thillalangadi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' || R. Kamal ||
|
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Ameerin Aadhi-Bhagavan]]''|| {{Ubl | Aadhi Shanmugam, | Baghavan Bhai{{efn|name=dual}}}} || [[Dual role]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Ninaithathu Yaaro]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]'' || {{Ubl | Aravindan Sivasamy, | Narasimha Reddy{{efn|name=dual}}}} || Dual role
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015 || ''[[Janda Pai Kapiraju]]'' || Himself || Telugu film; Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Romeo Juliet (2015 film)|Romeo Juliet]]'' || Karthik ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]'' || Shakthi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' || [[Additional Superintendent of Police|ASP]] Mithran [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bhooloham]]'' || Bhooloham ||
|
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Miruthan]]'' || [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Karthik ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[Bogan (film)|Bogan]]'' || [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Vikram [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vanamagan]]'' || Jara (K. Vaasi) ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]]'' || M. Vasudevan (Vasu) ||
|
|-
| ''[[Adanga Maru]]'' || SI Subhash ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[Thumbaa]]'' || John || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Comali]]'' || Ravi ||
|
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]]'' || Bhoominathan || 25th film
|
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' || [[Rajaraja I|Arulmozhi Varman]]||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 || ''[[Agilan]]'' || Agilan, Nandha{{efn|name=dual}} ||Dual role
|
|-
| ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' || [[Rajaraja I|Arulmozhi Varman]]||
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-2-to-release-on-april-28-2023/article66313362.ece|title=Mani Ratnam's 'Ponniyin Selvan: 2' to release on April 28, 2023|first=Avinash|last=K|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 December 2022|access-date=26 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126123830/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-2-to-release-on-april-28-2023/article66313362.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Iraivan]]'' || ACP Arjun IPS ||
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 June 2022|title=Jayam Ravi's film with director Ahmed to join the Diwali race|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravis-film-with-director-ahmed-to-join-the-diwali-race/articleshow/92319339.cms|access-date=20 June 2022|archive-date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620052452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravis-film-with-direcutor-ahmed-to-join-the-diwali-race/articleshow/92319339.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024 || ''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]'' || Thilagan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Brother (2024 film)|Brother]]'' || Karthik Kumarasamy ||
|<ref>{{Cite news|title='JR 30': Jayam Ravi's film with M Rajesh commences with a muhurat puja|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jr-30-jayam-ravis-film-with-m-rajesh-commences-with-a-muhurat-puja/articleshow/93325028.cms|language=en|date=3 August 2022|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 September 2022|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809115717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jr-30-jayam-ravis-film-with-m-rajesh-commences-with-a-muhurat-puja/articleshow/93325028.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2025 || ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (2025 film)|Kadhalika Neramillai]]'' || Siddharth "Sid" ||
|
|-
|2026
| ''[[Parasakthi (2026 film)|Parasakthi]]'' || Thirunaadan ||
|
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{pending film|Karathey Babu}} || K. Shanmugam Babu (Karathey Babu) || Delayed
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 December 2024|title=Jayam Ravi 34 launched with pooja |work=DTNext |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jayam-ravi-34-launched-with-pooja-815270 |access-date=15 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{pending film|Bro Code}}
|{{TBA}}
|Filming
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2025|title='Bro Code': Ravi Mohan's First Production To Co-Star SJ Suryah|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/bro-code-ravi-mohans-first-production-to-co-star-sj-suryah/amp|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter India]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
| {{pending film|italic=no|''Genie''}} || {{TBA}}|| Delayed||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2024 |title=Jayam Ravi releases his first-look from Genie: 'A movie close to my heart' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jayam-ravi-releases-his-first-look-from-genie-a-movie-close-to-my-heart-101711282005027.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325072119/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jayam-ravi-releases-his-first-look-from-genie-a-movie-close-to-my-heart-101711282005027.html |archive-date=25 March 2024 |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Notes
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|{{TBA}}||{{Pending film|An Ordinary Man}}||Directorial debut
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2025|title=Ravi Mohan to make directorial debut in a film starring Yogi Babu; announces 10 films under production banner|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ravi-mohan-directorial-debut-yogi-babu-10-films-ravi-mohan-studios/article69978403.ece/|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|}

=== As producer ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Director
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|Bro Code}}
|Karthik Yogi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2025|title=Bro Code: Ravi Mohan's debut production to feature Arjun Ashokan, Sri Gouri Priya, Shraddha Srinath|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bro-code-ravi-mohan-debut-production-to-feature-arjun-ashokan-sri-gouri-priya-shraddha-srinath/cf246de052529|website=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{Pending film|An Ordinary Man}}
|Himself
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2025|title=Ravi Mohan's First Directorial Titled An Ordinary Man Featuring Yogi Babu; Actor Announces Film At Grand Event|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/ravi-mohans-first-directorial-titled-an-ordinary-man-featuring-yogi-babu-actor-announces-film-at-grand-event-article-152529684/amp|website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
|}
=== As distributor ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Notes
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{Pending film|Khaaki Squad}}
|S. P. Shakthivel
|As presenter
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2025|title=Ravi Mohan to present Khakhi Squad, headlined by Kanna Ravi and helmed by Sakthivel Perumalsamy|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/26/ravi-mohan-to-present-khakhi-squad-headlined-by-kanna-ravi-and-helmed-by-sakthivel-perumalsamy|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[Super Singer 10|Super Singer Season 10]]''
|rowspan="2" |Guest
|rowspan="2" |[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|''[[Jodi Are U Ready]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Nayanthara: Beyond the Fairytale]]'' || Himself || [[Netflix]] || Documentary film
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2004
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|''[[M. Kumaran Son Of Mahalakshmi]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|date=10 September 2020|title=Happy Birthday Jayam Ravi: 5 Must-Watch Films of the Star|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-jayam-ravi-5-must-watch-works-of-the-star-2865335.html|access-date=8 July 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021210932/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-jayam-ravi-5-must-watch-works-of-the-star-2865335.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Vijay Awards]]
|rowspan=2 | ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=News18>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Jayam Ravi: 5 Must-Watch Films of the Star |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-jayam-ravi-5-must-watch-works-of-the-star-2865335.html |work=News18 |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=22 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021210932/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-jayam-ravi-5-must-watch-works-of-the-star-2865335.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=News18/>
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2009
|Best Actor
|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
|rowspan=3 |''[[Peraanmai]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Edison Awards|url=http://www.edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=17|access-date=8 July 2021|website=www.edisonawards.in|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109104716/https://www.edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=17|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Vijay Awards]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15|title=9th Annual Edison Awards: Thani Oruvan bags maximum number of awards, yet again|date=15 February 2016 |access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616211032/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=8|2015
|Most Romantic Star of South Indian Cinema
|[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]
|''[[Romeo Juliet (2015 film)|Romeo Juliet]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Srinivasan|first=Sudhir|date=15 August 2015|title=Best compliments, from Dubai|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/an-account-of-siima-2015-in-dubai/article7544306.ece|access-date=8 July 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=13 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213021008/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/an-account-of-siima-2015-in-dubai/article7544306.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
||Best Actor
|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
|rowspan=6 |''[[Thani Oruvan]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15|title=9th Annual Edison Awards: Thani Oruvan bags maximum number of awards, yet again|date=15 February 2016 |access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616211032/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Performance In A Leading Role – Male
|[[1st IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Utsavam]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite magazine|date=3 February 2016|title=IIFA Utsavam 2016: Baahubali and Thani Oruvan win maximum number of awards|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/iifa-utsavam-2016-baahubali-and-thani-oruvan-win-maximum-number-of-awards-at-the-grand-event-305400-2016-01-25|access-date=8 July 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807173811/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/iifa-utsavam-2016-baahubali-and-thani-oruvan-win-maximum-number-of-awards-at-the-grand-event-305400-2016-01-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – South|Best Actor (Critics) – South]]
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravi-and-jyotika-win-critics-awards-at-filmfare/articleshow/52814476.cms#:~:text=Actor%20Jayam%20Ravi%20won%20the,63rd%20Filmfare%20Awards%20(South).|title=Jayam Ravi and Jyotika win critics awards at Filmfare|work=The Times of India |access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503091355/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravi-and-jyotika-win-critics-awards-at-filmfare/articleshow/52814476.cms#:~:text=Actor%20Jayam%20Ravi%20won%20the,63rd%20Filmfare%20Awards%20(South).|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[63rd Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nominations for 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards South 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tamil-nominations-for-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-2016/articleshow/52792598.cms|access-date=8 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114203156/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Tamil-Nominations-for-63rd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South-2016/articleshow/52792598.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
|Best Actor (Critics)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siima.in/2016/winners.html |title=South Indian International Movie Awards |website=siima.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613033614/http://siima.in/2016/winners.html |archive-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor
|[[Ananda Vikatan|Vikatan Awards]]
|''[[Bhooloham]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/115847-best-actor-jayam-ravi-bhooloham|title=சிறந்த நடிகர் ஜெயம் ரவி - 'பூலோகம்'|access-date=2 November 2024|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109104724/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/115847-best-actor-jayam-ravi-bhooloham|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2018
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor - Tamil]]
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Adanga Maru]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=66th Filmfare Awards South 2019: Here's the complete list of nominees|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019-heres-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/72901355.cms|access-date=8 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210043841/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019-heres-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/72901355.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actor (Critics)
| rowspan="2" |[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/siima-awards-2019-list-of-winners-from-tamil-cinema-hollywood-news-242629|title =SIIMA Awards 2019 - Here's the list of winners!}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=SIIMA Awards 2019 Nominations List – Tamil Movies {{!}} Telegraph Star|date=19 July 2019|url=https://telegraphstar.com/siima-awards-2019-nominations-list-tamil-movies/|access-date=8 July 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190653/https://telegraphstar.com/siima-awards-2019-nominations-list-tamil-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist
| colwidth =
| notes =
{{efn
| name=dual
| Jayam Ravi played two characters.
}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

*{{IMDb name|id=1865947}}
*{{Facebook|JayamRaviOfficial}}
*{{Twitter}}

{{Tamil Nadu State Award for Best Actor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, Jayam}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madurai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]

14th Odisha Legislative Assembly

2026-05-05T05:28:38Z

Gaurav: creating basic pg w/ refs - done

{{Short description|14th state legislature of the Indian state of Odisha}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| background_color = #76CD26
| name = 14th Odisha Legislative Assembly
| before = [[13th Orissa Legislative Assembly|13th Assembly]]
| after = [[15th Odisha Legislative Assembly|15th Assembly]]
| image = File:Odisha Vidhan Soudha.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Front view of Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]] (2010)
| meeting_place = Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| election = [[2009 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]]
| website = {{URL|https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/}}
| chamber1 = '''[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]'''
| government = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| opposition = [[Indian National Congress]]
| term_start = 19 May 2009
| term_end = 18 May 2014
| membership1 = 147
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] [[S. C. Jamir]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Pradip Kumar Amat]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speakers|Deputy Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Lal Bihari Himirika]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] [[Sananda Marndi]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Leader of the House]] (Chief Minister)
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Naveen Patnaik]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = [[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| control1 = [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (104/147)
| module = 15 Sessions with 280 Sittings
| chamber1_image = File:India Odisha Legislative Assembly 2009.svg
| chamber1_image_size = 300px
| chamber1_image_caption = House Composition as assembly begins
}}

The '''Fourteenth [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]''' (also '''Orissa Legislative Assembly''' until 2011) was convened on after [[2009 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]]. [[Biju Janata Dal]] led by [[Naveen Patnaik]] formed government for a record 3rd time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-05 |title=Lok Sabha elections: Odisha votes on April 10, 17 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lok-sabha-elections-odisha-votes-on-april-10-17/455964-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410093101/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lok-sabha-elections-odisha-votes-on-april-10-17/455964-37-64.html |archive-date=2014-04-10 |access-date=2025-08-27 |work=IBNLive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-21 |title=Naveen Patnaik takes oath as Chief Minister for fourth term in Odisha |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naveen-patnaik-takes-oath-as-chief-minister-for-fourth-term-in-odisha/articleshow/35425204.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2025-08-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28-33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
After breaking 11 year old alliance with BJP, BJD decided to fight upcoming election independently with limited seat-sharing agreement with [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] & [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and won the [[2009 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|2009 Orissa Assembly election]] with a landslide. Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] along with his council of ministers were sworn in by Governor [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] on 21 May 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2009|title=Naveen Patnaik sworn in as Orissa Chief Minister|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naveen-patnaik-sworn-in-as-orissa-chief-minister/articleshow/4560257.cms?from=mdr|access-date=14 June 2024|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2009|title=Naveen Patnaik to take oath with 20 ministers|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/election-news/story/naveen-patnaik-to-take-oath-with-20-ministers-48174-2009-05-20|access-date=14 June 2024|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Naveen Patnaik begins third term as Orissa CM|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-begins-third-term-as-orissa-cm-394608|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709015702/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-begins-third-term-as-orissa-cm-394608|archive-date=2017-07-09|access-date=2025-09-07|work=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref> Cabinet reshuffle took place on 10 May 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allotment of portfolio|url=https://pa.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-02/Notification-MinistersPortfolio.pdf|website=Parliamentary affair, Govt. of Odisha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2012|title=Naveen Patnaik reshuffles Portfolios|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/May/11/naveen-patnaik-reshuffles-portfolios-252160.html|access-date=14 June 2024|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> & 2 August 2012 on the backdrop of [https://odishabytes.com/may-29-2012-the-day-that-changed-the-course-of-ruling-bjd-history/ May 29 2012 political coup] against Chief Minister by now expelled senior party leader & [[Rajya Sabha]] member [[Pyarimohan Mohapatra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI|title=5 dropped, 9 new ministers in Odisha|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/5-dropped-9-ministers-odisha-2351360|access-date=14 June 2024|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 2012|title=Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik makes a major reshuffle of his council of ministers|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/odisha-cm-naveen-patnaik-makes-a-major-reshuffle-of-his-council-of-ministers/articleshow/15334100.cms?from=mdr|access-date=14 June 2024|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Despite [https://www.lokniti.org/media/upload_files/The_BJPs_2014_Modi_Wave.pdf Modi Wave], BJD had a landslide victory in [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Assembly election]]. Subsequently, Shri Patnaik gave his resignation to Governor on 20 May 2014.<ref name=":2" />

== House Composition ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Strength
|-
!'''Assembly Begins'''
!'''Assembly Disolves'''
|-
![[Biju Janata Dal]]
|103
|108
|-
![[Indian National Congress]]
|27
|26
|-
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6
|6
|-
![[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4
|0
|-
![[Communist Party of India]]
|1
|1
|-
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|6
|5
|-
!Vacant
| -
|1
|}

== Office Bearers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Post
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''[[List of governors of Odisha|Governor]]'''
|[[File:Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare 1.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]]
|Assembly Begins
|9 March 2013
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |N/A
|-
|[[File:Governor_S._C._Jamir_with_CM_Naveen_Patnaik_and_President_Kovind_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[S. C. Jamir]]
|21 March 2013
|Assembly Dissolves
|-
|'''[[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]'''
| [[File:Pradip Kumar Amat.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pradip Kumar Amat]] {{Small|MLA from [[Boudh Assembly constituency|Boudh]]}}
|25 May 2009
|20 May 2014
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''[[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speakers|Deputy Speaker]]'''
| [[File:Lal Bihari Himirika.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Lal Bihari Himirika]] {{small|MLA from [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]]}}
|10 June 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Sananda Marndi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Sananda Marndi]] {{Small|MLA from [[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]]}}
|17 August 2011
|18 May 2014
|-
|'''[[Chief Minister of Odisha|Leader of the House]] '''{{Small|(Chief Minister) Leader of BJD Legislature Party}}
|[[File:Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik in October 2014.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]] {{Small|MLA from [[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]}}
|21 May 2009
|20 May 2014
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Minister for [https://pa.odisha.gov.in/ Parliamentary Affairs]
|[[File:Raghunath_Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
|Raghunath Mohanty {{small|MLA from [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[File:Kalpataru_Das.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Kalpataru Das]] {{small|MLA from [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|-
|'''[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]''' {{Small|Leader of Congress Legislature Party}}
|[[File:Bhupinder_Singh.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]] {{small|MLA from [[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla]]}}
|27 May 2009
|10 March 2014
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha#Pro tem speaker|Pro tem Speaker]]
|[[File:V. Sugnana Kumari Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]] {{small|MLA from [[Kabisuryanagar Assembly constituency|Kabisuryanagar]]}}
|22 May 2009
|24 May 2009
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|}

== Council of Ministers ==
{{Transcluded section|source=Third Naveen Patnaik ministry}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Third Naveen Patnaik ministry|Council of Ministers}}}}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+[https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf Source]
!District
!AC. No.
!Constituency
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
!Remarks
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
|1
|[[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]
|[[Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|2
|[[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
|Subal Sahu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|3
|[[Bargarh]]
|Sadhu Nepak
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|4
|[[Attabira Assembly constituency|Attabira (SC)]]
|[[Nihar Ranjan Mahanand]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|5
|[[Bhatli Assembly constituency|Bhatli]]
|[[Susanta Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]
|6
|[[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
|Anup Kumar Sai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|7
|[[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
|[[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]]
|8
|[[Talsara Assembly constituency|Talsara (ST)]]
|Prafulla Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|9
|[[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh (ST)]]
|[[Jogesh Kumar Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|10
|[[Biramitrapur Assembly constituency|Biramitrapur (ST)]]
|George Tirkey
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
|11
|[[Raghunathpali Assembly constituency|Raghunathpali (SC)]]
|[[Subrat Tarai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|12
|[[Rourkela Assembly constituency|Rourkela]]
|[[Sarada Prasad Nayak]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|13
|Rajgangapur (ST)
|Gregory Minz
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|14
|[[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai (ST)]]
|Bhimsen Choudhury
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
|15
|[[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda (ST)]]
|Rajendra Kumar Chhatria
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|16
|[[Rengali Assembly constituency|Rengali (SC)]]
|Duryodhan Gardia
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|17
|[[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]
|[[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|18
|Rairakhol
|[[Prasanna Acharya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Debagarh district|Deogarh]]
|19
|[[Deogarh Assembly constituency|Deogarh]]
|Sanjeeb Kumar Pradhan
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar]]
|20
|[[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi (ST)]]
|[[Premananda Nayak]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|21
|[[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]
|[[Badri Narayan Patra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|22
|[[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandapur (SC)]]
|[[Bhagirathi Sethy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|23
|[[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna (ST)]]
|[[Hrushikesh Naik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|24
|[[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar (ST)]]
|[[Subarna Naik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|25
|[[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua]]
|[[Jitu Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
|26
|[[Jashipur Assembly constituency|Jashipur (ST)]]
|Kamala Kanta Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |27
| rowspan="2" |[[Saraskana Assembly constituency|Saraskana]] [[Jashipur Assembly constituency|(ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rama Chandra Hansdah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|Party Merged with [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] on 5 June 2012.
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|28
|[[Rairangpur Assembly constituency|Rairangpur (ST)]]
|Shyam Charan Hansdah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|29
|[[Bangriposi Assembly constituency|Bangriposi (ST)]]
|[[Sarojini Hembram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|30
|[[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia (ST)]]
|Bijay Kumar Naik
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|31
|[[Udala Assembly constituency|Udala (ST)]]
|Shrinath Soren
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|32
|[[Badasahi Assembly constituency|Badasahi (SC)]]
|Manoranjan Sethi
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|33
|[[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada (ST)]]
|[[Sananda Marndi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Deputy Speaker
|-
|34
|[[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]
|Praveen Chandra Bhanjdeo
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Balasore district|Balasore]]
|35
|[[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]]
|Debi Prasanna Chand
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|36
|[[Bhograi Assembly constituency|Bhograi]]
|Ananta Das
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|37
|[[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]
|Raghunath Mohanty
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|38
|[[Balasore Assembly constituency|Balasore]]
|Jiban Pradip Dash
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|39
|[[Remuna Assembly constituency|Remuna (SC)]]
|Sudarshan Jena
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|40
|[[Nilgiri Assembly constituency|Nilgiri]]
|[[Pratap Sarangi|Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
|41
|[[Soro Assembly constituency|Soro (SC)]]
|Surendra Prasad Pramanik
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|42
|[[Simulia Assembly constituency|Simulia]]
|Parsuram Panigrahi
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]
|43
|[[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|44
|[[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]
|Jugal Kishore Pattnaik
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|45
|[[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]
|[[Bijayshree Routray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|46
|[[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar (SC)]]
|Rajendra Kumar Das
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|47
|[[Chandabali Assembly constituency|Chandabali]]
|Bijaya Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
|48
|[[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur (SC)]]
|[[Pramila Mallik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|49
|[[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari]]
|Debasis Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |50
| rowspan="2" |[[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barchana]]
| rowspan="2" |Amar Prasad Satpathy
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|Party Merged with [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] on 5 June 2012.
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|51
|[[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]
|[[Kalpataru Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|52
|[[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur]]
|[[Pranab Prakash Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|53
|[[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]]
|[[Pritiranjan Gharai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|54
|[[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
|Prafulla Chandra Ghadai
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
| rowspan="2" |55
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nabin Nanda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|Party Merged with [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] on 5 June 2012.
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|56
|[[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol (SC)]]
|[[Anjali Behera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|57
|[[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakhyanagar]]
|[[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|58
|[[Parjanga Assembly constituency|Parjanga]]
|[[Nrusingha Charan Sahu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Angul district|Angul]]
|59
|[[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]]
|[[Ravi Narayan Pani|Rabi Narayan Pani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Govt. Chief Whip
|-
|60
|[[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher]]
|[[Braja Kishore Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
|61
|[[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
|[[Rajanikant Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|62
|[[Chhendipada Assembly constituency|Chhendipada (SC)]]
|Khageswar Behera
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|63
|[[Athmallik Assembly constituency|Athmallik]]
|Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
|64
|[[Birmaharajpur Assembly constituency|Birmaharajpur]]
|[[Padmanabha Behera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|65
|[[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur]]
|[[Niranjan Pujari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Balangir district|Balangir]]
|66
|[[Loisingha Assembly constituency|Loisingha (SC)]]
|Ramakanta Seth
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|67
|[[Patnagarh Assembly constituency|Patnagarh]]
|[[Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|68
|[[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]
|[[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|69
|[[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titlagarh]]
|Surendra Singh Bhoi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|70
|[[Kantabanji Assembly constituency|Kantabanji]]
|Santosh Singh Saluja
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
|71
|[[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nuapada]]
|[[Rajendra Dholakia]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|72
|[[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
|[[Hitesh Kumar Bagartti]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
| rowspan="2" |73
| rowspan="2" |[[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote (ST)]]
|Jagabandhu Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Killed in September 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-16 |title=BJD MLA Jagabandhu Majhi shot dead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/Sep/25/bjd-mla-jagabandhu-majhi-shot-dead-294414.html |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Subash Gond
|Won in 2011 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruling BJD wins Odisha bypoll |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ruling-bjd-wins-odisha-bypoll-2459958 |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|74
|[[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam (ST)]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|75
|[[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur (ST)]]
|[[Manohar Randhari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|76
|[[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam (ST)]]
|[[Bhujabal Majhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
|77
|[[Lanjigarh Assembly constituency|Lanjigarh (ST)]]
|Shibaji Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|78
|[[Junagarh Assembly constituency|Junagarh]]
|Gobardhan Dash
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|79
|[[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharmagarh]]
|Puspendra Singh Deo
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|80
|[[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna (SC)]]
|Dusmanta Naik
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |81
| rowspan="2" |[[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla]]
|[[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Leader of Opposition, Resigned on 10 March 2014.
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 10 March 2014)
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]
|82
|[[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Baliguda (ST)]]
|Karendra Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|83
|[[G. Udayagiri Assembly constituency|G. Udayagiri (ST)]]
|Manoj Kumar Pradhan
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|84
|[[Phulbani Assembly constituency|Phulbani (ST)]]
|Debendra Kanhar
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Boudh district|Boudh]]
|85
|[[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]]
|Bhagban Kanhor
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|86
|[[Boudh Assembly constituency|Boudh]]
|[[Pradip Kumar Amat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Speaker
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
|87
|[[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]
|[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|88
|[[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]]
|[[Pravat Tripathy|Pravata Kumar Tripathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Govt. Chief Whip
|-
| rowspan="2" |89
| rowspan="2" |[[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]]
|Ramesh Rout
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Election declared void by Supreme Court.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2012-02-17 |title=Athagarh bypoll on March 18 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/athagarh-bypoll-on-march-18/articleshow/11918299.cms |access-date=2025-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ranendra Pratap Swain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Won in 2012 Bypoll.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-21 |title=BJD wins Athgarh bypoll in Odisha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjd-wins-athgarh-bypoll-in-odisha/article3024593.ece |access-date=2025-09-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|90
|[[Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Barabati-Cuttack]]
|[[Debashish Samantaray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|91
|[[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar-Cuttack]]
|Pravat Ranjan Biswal
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|92
|[[Niali Assembly constituency|Niali (SC)]]
|[[Pramod Kumar Mallick]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|93
|[[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar (SC)]]
|Kalindi Behera
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|94
|[[Salipur Assembly constituency|Salipur]]
|[[Chandra Sarathi Behera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|95
|[[Mahanga Assembly constituency|Mahanga]]
|[[Pratap Jena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
|96
|[[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]
|[[Bed Prakash Agarwal|Bed Prakash Agrawal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|97
|[[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara (SC)]]
|Sipra Mallick
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|98
|[[Aul Assembly constituency|Aul]]
|[[Pratap Keshari Deb]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|99
|[[Rajanagar Assembly constituency|Rajanagar]]
|Alekh Kumar Jena
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|100
|[[Mahakalapada Assembly constituency|Mahakalapada]]
|[[Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]
|101
|[[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]
|[[Damodar Rout]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|102
|[[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol (SC)]]
|Rabindra Nath Bhoi
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|103
|[[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda-ersama]]
|[[Prasanta Kumar Muduli]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|104
|[[Jagatsinghpur Assembly constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|[[Bishnu Charan Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Puri district|Puri]]
|105
|[[Kakatpur Assembly constituency|Kakatpur (SC)]]
|Rabi Mallick
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|106
|[[Nimapara Assembly constituency|Nimapara]]
|[[Samir Ranjan Dash]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|107
|[[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]
|[[Maheswar Mohanty]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|108
|[[Brahmagiri Assembly constituency|Bramhagiri]]
|[[Sanjay Kumar Das Burma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|109
|[[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]
|[[Prasad Kumar Harichandan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Cong. Chief Whip
|-
|110
|[[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipili]]
|[[Pradeep Maharathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Khordha district|Khordha]]
|111
|[[Jayadev Assembly constituency|Jayadev (SC)]]
|[[Arabinda Dhali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|112
|[[Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar Central]]
|Bijaya Kumar Mohanty
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|113
|[[Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar North]]
|Bhagirathi Badajena
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|114
|[[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Ekamra-Bhubaneswar]]
|[[Ashok Chandra Panda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|115
|[[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]
|[[Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |116
| rowspan="2" |[[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Prashanta Nanda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|Party Merged with [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] on 5 June 2012.
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|117
|[[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar Sahoo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
|118
|[[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]]
|Raghunath Sahu
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
|119
|[[Ranpur Assembly constituency|Ranpur]]
|[[Satyanarayan Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|120
|[[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
|Siddharth Sekhar Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|121
|[[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla (SC)]]
|Kashinath Mallik
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|122
|[[Nayagarh Assembly constituency|Nayagarh]]
|[[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
| rowspan="13" |[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
|123
|[[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]
|[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|124
|[[Polasara Assembly constituency|Polasara]]
|Niranjan Pradhan
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|125
|[[Kabisuryanagar Assembly constituency|Kabisuryangar]]
|[[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|126
|[[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote (SC)]]
|[[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|127
|[[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency|Chhatrapur (SC)]]
|Adikanda Sethi
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
|128
|[[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]
|Debaraj Mohanty
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|129
|[[Surada Assembly constituency|Surada]]
|[[Purna Chandra Swain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|130
|[[Sanakhemundi Assembly constituency|Sanakhemundi]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Jena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|131
|[[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|'''Chief Minister'''
|-
|132
|[[Gopalpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
|[[Pradeep Kumar Panigrahy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|133
|[[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]
|Ramesh Chandra Chyau Patnaik
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|134
|[[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]
|[[Surjya Narayan Patro]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|135
|[[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]
|[[Usha Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
|136
|[[Mohana Assembly constituency|Mohana (ST)]]
|Chakradhara Paik
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|137
|[[Paralakhemundi Assembly constituency|Paralakhemundi]]
|K. Narayana Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
|138
|[[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur (ST)]]
|Ramamurty Mutika
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|139
|[[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack (ST)]]
|Damburudhara Ulaka
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|140
|[[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada (ST)]]
|[[Lal Bihari Himirika]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Koraput district|Koraput]]
|141
|[[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Laxmipur (ST)]]
|[[Jhina Hikaka]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|142
|[[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad (ST)]]
|Basudev Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|143
|[[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]
|Rabi Narayan Nanda
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Minister of State (I/C)
|-
|144
|[[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput (SC)]]
|[[Raghu Ram Padal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|145
|[[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi (ST)]]
|[[Rama Chandra Kadam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]
|146
|[[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri (ST)]]
|Mukunda Sodi
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|
|-
|147
|[[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda (ST)]]
|[[Mamta Madhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|}

== Bypolls ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+[https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/DocumentDetails/historicalbackground/historical-background.pdf Source]
!Year
!Constituency
!Reason for by-poll
!Winning candidate
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|November 2011
|[[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote (ST)]]
|Assassination of Jagabandhu Majhi<ref name=":0" />
|Subash Gond
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|March 2012
|[[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]]
|Election declared void by Supreme Court<ref name=":1" />
|[[Ranendra Pratap Swain]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Terms of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|14th]]

Henry Scholberg

2026-05-04T20:40:29Z

Gaurav: Created new data v1!

{{Short description|American librarian and writer (1921–2012)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Henry Cedric Scholberg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|05|29}}
| birth_place = [[Darjeeling]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|08|04|1921|05|29}}
| death_place = [[New Brighton, Minnesota]]
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Bibliographer]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| awards =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Henry Cedric Scholberg''' (May 29, 1921 – August 4, 2012) was director and librarian of the [[University of Minnesota Libraries|Ames Library of South Asia]] at the [[University of Minnesota]]. His works include bibliographies on [[:Category:Indian encyclopedias|Indian encyclopedias]], on [[Bibliography of India#Manuals and gazetteers|manuals and gazetteers of India]], and on the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese in India]]. He also authored other scholarly works, plays and novels, as well as his own memoirs.

== Life ==

=== India ===
Henry Cedric Scholberg was born in [[Darjeeling]], [[British India]], on May 29, 1921<ref name="papers">{{cite web |title=Henry Scholberg Papers, undated, 1880s-1980s |first=Karen |last=Spilman |publisher=University of Minnesota |url=http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/uarc00497.xml |accessdate=March 16, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Scholberg says in his memoirs that he returned to Darjeeling in 1964 and obtained his birth certificate, discovering that he had been listed as a "European Christian boy". He says "Well, they got the boy part right."<ref>{{cite book |title=That's India: The Memoirs of an Old India Hand |first=Henry |last=Scholberg |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |year=2002 |isbn=9788185002309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zVEvI32hkwC |page=25}}</ref> ''Prima facie'', this statement appears to contradict Todd Tucker, who says that Scholberg was a Methodist, at least at the time of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science |first=Todd |last=Tucker |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2007 |isbn=9780816651610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS-cdiJcnZgC |page=69}}</ref>}} and grew up speaking [[Hindi language|Hindi]] before he could speak English. Bearing the same first name as his father, Henry Caesar Scholberg, he was known as Cedric from childhood until the 1950s.<ref>{{cite book |title=That's India: The Memoirs of an Old India Hand |first=Henry |last=Scholberg |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |year=2002 |isbn=9788185002309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zVEvI32hkwC |page=94}}</ref>{{efn|Henry Caesar Scholberg also published a scholarly work, being a grammar of the [[Hindi]] language.<ref name=Allen>{{cite journal|last=Allen|first=W. S.|title=Concise Grammar of the Hindi Language by H. C. Scholberg|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|year=1952|volume=14|issue=1|pages=187–188|jstor=608520|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00084329|s2cid=162335160 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>}} His parents were patriotic [[Methodist]] missionaries from the United States, working at a time of considerable turmoil during the [[Indian independence movement|campaign for Indian independence]]. His childhood experiences, and in particular the acts of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], influenced his [[pacifist]] tendencies: Todd Tucker says that as a child Scholberg "personally witnessed how nonviolent tactics could bring about concrete political change. The experience would stay with him his entire life."<ref name="tucker">{{cite book |title=The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science |first=Todd |last=Tucker |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780816651610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS-cdiJcnZgC |pages=53–57}}</ref>

Scholberg attended [[Woodstock School]], a [[Presbyterian]] [[boarding school]] in [[Mussoorie]] that commonly took the children of missionaries. He found it to be a miserable experience at times. In a naive gesture, reflecting the commonplace antipathy towards British governance in India and despite his pacifism, he was among a group of schoolboys who executed the [[Nazi salute]] on being told by their headmaster of the beginnings of [[World War II]]; Germany was opposed to Britain and that was sufficient justification in their minds.<ref name="tucker" />

=== United States ===
After finishing at Woodstock in 1939, Scholberg left his parents in India, sailing on the {{SS|President Taft|1920|6}} to enroll at the [[University of Illinois]], close to where his sister lived. His attendance enabled him to avoid military [[conscription]] until 1943 when he graduated with a B.A. in history. At that time, he registered as a [[conscientious objector]], much to the annoyance of his parents.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science |first=Todd |last=Tucker |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780816651610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS-cdiJcnZgC |pages=53–55, 117}}</ref>

As an objector, Scholberg was ordered to join the [[Civilian Public Service]] (CPS), through which he became one of the test subjects in the [[Minnesota Starvation Experiment]] from 1944. This was his first experience of the University of Minnesota, having previously had CPS postings in a conservation camp at [[Lagro, Indiana]], and a mental institution in [[Maryland]]. He saw the Experiment as a relief from his work in mental health, which was increasingly giving him concern about his own mental state, and as a sacrifice befitting that being made by those of his countrymen who were engaged in the war.<ref name="papers" /><ref name="tucker" /> He later said that {{blockquote|Here we are in the middle of a war. Every day we're reading of casualties on both sides, and I thought here are Americans like me dying in the battlefield for their country, and what was I doing? Working in a mental hospital? And here was a chance, I thought, to do something that required sacrifice.<ref>{{cite book |title=Minnesota Goes to War: The Home Front During World War II |first=Dave |last=Kenney |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780873515061 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cipxuKReL_cC |page=210}}</ref>}} When he underwent a [[psychological assessment]] for acceptance on the Experiment, based on the then new [[Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory]] method, it was determined that he had [[psychotic]] tendencies, including [[depression (mood)|depression]], [[hypochondria]] and [[hysteria]]. He became one of the 36 selected test subjects. Another was Jasper "Jay" Garner, who by chance happened to have been at Woodstock School with Scholberg as an eight-year-old.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science |first=Todd |last=Tucker |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780816651610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS-cdiJcnZgC |pages=65–66, 87}}</ref>

Scholberg enrolled in graduate-level courses to learn French while he was involved in the year-long experiment, having soon exhausted the possibilities of the beginners' classes that were offered by a fellow test subject, the [[Princeton University]] graduate Sam Legg.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science |first=Todd |last=Tucker |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780816651610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS-cdiJcnZgC |pages=88–89}}</ref> During the course of the experiment, his weight dropped from {{convert|145|lbs|kg}} to {{convert|117|lbs|kg}}.<ref name="starobit"/>

In 1954, Scholberg was awarded a B.S. in Social Sciences from the University of Minnesota. He added an M.A. in Library Science from the same university in 1962. After some time spent as a librarian and athletics coach at [[Columbia Heights, Minnesota|Columbia Heights High School]] in Minnesota, Scholberg returned to the University of Minnesota in 1961 as the first director of the Ames Library of South Asia, whose collection had recently been donated to the university by Charles Leslie Ames.<ref name="papers" />

A series of promotions through the academic ranks led to him becoming a full professor in 1979. He became a professor emeritus when he retired in 1986, at which time he also relinquished his position as director of the library. During his time in office, the library's collections grew from 25,000 items to over 105,000.<ref name="papers" />

Scholberg died on August 4, 2012, in [[New Brighton, Minnesota]], six years after suffering head injuries in a cycling accident. Among his caregivers at the nursing home were people from Nepal, who gave him much pleasure by speaking to him in Hindi, the language he always considered his first. His wife of 61 years, Phyllis, survived him. The couple had three children.<ref name="papers" /><ref name="starobit">{{cite news |last=Crosby |first=Jackie |title=Obituary: Henry Scholberg knew hunger and saw the world |url=http://www.startribune.com/local/165858996.html |newspaper=[[Star Tribune]] |accessdate=March 13, 2014}}</ref>

== Works ==

=== Academic ===
Scholberg said of researching archives and living abroad in the pursuit of academic knowledge that "If you're not enjoying it, you are not doing it right."<ref>{{cite book |title=Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia C.1640-1683 |first=Glenn Joseph |last=Ames |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9789053563823 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfMNfsOMUHwC&pg=PA9 |page=9}}</ref> He traveled to over 40 countries, often with his family, and had extended periods of residence in India (1964 and 1976) and [[Paris]] (1967 and 1969).<ref name="starobit" />

He spent four years researching ''The District Gazetteers of British India: A Bibliography'', which was tied in with a large-scale attempt by the International Documentation Company to publish on [[microfilm]] the censuses, gazetteers and reports of the British colonial period. It was that company which published his work in 1970. He noted that there were around 1,300 gazetteers produced by the British in India between 1822 and 1947, when India [[independence of India|gained independence]]. Intended for administrative use as well as for the general public, they can only loosely be described as systematic and they were not all published by government bodies.<ref name="Barrier 713–714">{{cite journal|last=Barrier|first=N. Gerald|title=The District Gazetteers of British India: A Bibliography. by Henry Scholberg|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|date=May 1971|volume=30|issue=3|pages=713–714|jstor=2052519|doi=10.2307/2052519|s2cid=161408875 }} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=Lewis/>

The methods, styles, and formats of compilation varied even within districts. His bibliography, which included brief histories of how their compilation evolved and attempts to identify the myriad of authors and editors, is arranged by province or its administrative equivalent and, according to a review by N. Gerald Barrier, "surmounts substantial organisational problems" and is a "painstaking study". Barrier was critical of some aspects of the work, citing as examples the omission of a substantially revised gazetteer for [[Amritsar]] and also the lack of information relating to pagination or publication, other than date. Barrier notes that the completeness of the work was marred because Scholberg may not have had access to S. B. Chaudhuri's ''History of the Gazetteers'', which had been published in 1965.<ref name="Barrier 713–714"/><ref name=Lewis>{{cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Martin Deming|title=History of the Gazetteers of India by S. B. Chaudhuri|journal=The American Historical Review|date=December 1967|volume=73|issue=2|pages=572–573|doi=10.2307/1866326|jstor=1866326|url=http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/handle/123456789/13929|url-access=subscription}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

Scholberg's ''Bibliographie des Français dans l'Inde'' was published in 1973 by the Historical Society of Pondicherry. His co-author was Emmanuel Divien.<ref>{{cite journal |title=France-India-Britain, (post)colonial triangles: Mauritius/India and Canada/India, (post)colonial tangents |last=Magedera |first=Ian H. |journal=International Journal of Francophone Studies |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=July 2003 |pages=64–73 |doi=10.1386/ijfs.5.2.64}}</ref> In 1982, Promilla published a bibliography of [[Goa]] and the Portuguese in India, being the collaborative work of Scholberg, Archana Kakodker, and Carmo Azevedo. This represented eight years' of work, identified sources in over 80 locations, in numerous languages, and included unpublished doctoral theses and material dating as far back as the 16th century. More than {{convert|90000|mi|km}} of travel was necessary for its compilation. John Villiers noted in a review that Scholberg had already demonstrated "ample evidence of his abilities as a bibliographer" and that this bibliography included various papers written by experts on aspects of Indo-Portuguese historiography.<ref name="Villiers">{{cite journal|last=Villiers|first=John|title=Bibliography of Goa and the Portuguese in India by Henry Scholberg; Archana Ashok Kakodker; Carmo Azevedo|journal=Modern Asian Studies|year=1984|volume=18|issue=1|pages=161–163|jstor=312389|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00011288|s2cid=143235137 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>

Scholberg's work on India encyclopedias – ''The Encyclopedias of India'' – was published by Promilla in 1986 and was described by a reviewer, Ruth Bowden, as an "encyclopedia of encyclopedias". It detailed 47 such works, produced between around the tenth-century AD and the 20th century. These comprised various languages, including one in [[Assamese language|Assamese]], six in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], three in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], four in Hindi, three in [[Kannada language|Kannada]], four in [[Malayalam]], six in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], five in [[Oriya language|Oriya]], one in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], six in [[Sanskrit]], two in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], four in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and two in [[Urdu]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bowden|first=Ruth|title=The Encyclopedias of India by Henry Scholberg|journal=Third World Quarterly|date=October 1987|volume=9|issue=4|page=1441|jstor=3991701|doi=10.1080/01436598708420033}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Kesavan|first=B. S.|title=Henry Scholberg, Encyclopedias of India, Promilla, New Delhi, 1986, pp. ix + 109|journal=[[Indian Economic and Social History Review]]|date=June 1988|volume=25|issue=2|pages=261–262|doi=10.1177/001946468802500212|s2cid=144233054}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

In addition to the above, Scholberg's academic works include:
*{{cite book |title=Calcutta, 1851 |publisher=Writers Workshop |year=1976}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=A directory of Asian and African librarians in North America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBU9AAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Asian and African Section ACRL/ALA}}
*{{cite book |title=South Asia Biographical Dictionary Index (Bibliotheca Asiatica) |publisher=International Documentation Company |year=1987 |isbn=9783300000031}} (two volumes)
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=The Indian Literature of the Great Rebellion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMLfAAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Promilla & Company, Publishers|isbn=978-81-85002-18-7}}
*{{cite book |title=Tibet |year=1995}}
*{{cite book |title=Fortress Portugal in India: A photographic history of the Portuguese forts of India |publisher=NorthStar Publications |year=1995}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=The biographical dictionary of greater India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irEZAAAAYAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Promilla & Co.|isbn=978-81-85002-23-1}}

He also wrote reviews and articles for scholarly journals such as the ''[[Journal of Asian Studies]]''.

=== Fiction ===
Works of fiction by Scholberg include:
*{{cite book |title=The Golden Bells: Two Plays for Christmas}}
*{{cite book |title=Katie Luther: A One-Act Play about Luther's Wife}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=Saroja: A Play in Three Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7j4krEbESJ0C|year=1977|publisher=Writers Workshop}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=A Hindi Movie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUBbAAAAMAAJ|date=1 June 1994|publisher=Indus, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-81-7223-097-5}}
*{{cite book |title=The Return of the Raj |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1995}}
*{{cite book |title= In the Time of Trial: Two Plays for Lent or Good Friday |year=2001}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|title=Ramu, an Indian Boy's Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp6iOgeTb9kC|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-59-0}}

=== Memoirs ===
*{{cite book |title=That's India: The Memoirs of an Old India Hand |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |year=2002 |isbn=9788185002309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zVEvI32hkwC}}

== References ==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
*{{YouTube|msBWrTbijzs|Scholberg commentates on footage of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment}} from [[American RadioWorks]]
*[http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/wwii/a1.html American RadioWorks feature]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scholberg, Henry}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:American bibliographers]]
[[Category:University of Illinois alumni]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota Library School alumni]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota faculty]]
[[Category:American librarians]]
[[Category:20th-century American memoirists]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American pacifists]]
[[Category:American conscientious objectors]]
[[Category:Members of the Civilian Public Service]]
[[Category:Writers from Darjeeling]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:People with hypochondriasis]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Minnesota]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Woodstock School, Mussoorie alumni]]

Sharmiela Mandre

2026-05-04T17:59:00Z

Gaurav:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sharmiela Mandre
| image = Sharmiela Mandre at 60th South Filmfare Awards 2013 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mandre in 2013
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|10|28|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathish Ninasam's birthday wish for Gaalipata 2 actress Sharmiela Mandre is all things beautiful |publisher=Zoom TV |date=28 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2021 |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/kannada-cinema/article/sathish-ninasams-birthday-wish-for-gaalipata-2-actress-sharmiela-mandre-is-all-things-beautiful/673850}}</ref><ref name="SHMA" />
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| othername = Sharmila Mandre
| yearsactive = 2006–present
| spouse =
| education = [[Sophia High School]], [[Bangalore]]
| occupation = Actress
| relatives = [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]] (aunt)
}}

'''Sharmiela Mandre''' (born 28 October 1987) is an Indian actress and producer who primarily works in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films. She made her acting debut with ''[[Sajni (film)|Sajni]]'' (2006) and then received success with ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'', the same year. Mandre turned producer with the Tamil film ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' (2018).<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharmeila Mandre: Mumtaz reincarnated |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151028/entertainment-sandalwood/article/mumtaz-reincarnated |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=28 October 2015}}</ref>

Post her debut, she received praises for the Kannada films ''[[Venkata in Sankata]]'' (2009) and ''[[Swayamvara (2010 film)|Swayamvara]]'' (2010). She made her Tamil debut with ''[[Mirattal]]'' (2012) and Telugu debut with ''[[Kevvu Keka]]'' (2013). For the latter, she received [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu]] nomination. Mandre's other notable work include ''[[Aake (film)|Aake]]'' (2017), ''[[Gaalipata 2]]'' (2022) and ''[[Powder (2024 film)|Powder]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |title=I do films out of passion, not for money: Kannada star Sharmiela Mandre |access-date=20 March 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/Oct/28/i-do-films-out-of-passion-not-for-moneysharmiela-mandre-2215778.html}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Mandre was born on 28 October 1987<ref name="SHMA">{{Cite web |first=Shashiprasad |last=SM |title=Exclusive! Masala on Sharmiela Mandre |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=28 October 2022 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/171018/masala-on-sharmiela-mandre.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Team Dasara reveal Sharmiela Mandre's character poster on her birthday, see pic |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 October 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/team-dasara-reveal-sharmiela-mandres-character-poster-on-her-birthday/articleshow/78909358.cms}}</ref> in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]. Her father Dayananda Mandre is a businessman and a car-racing enthusiast. Her grandfather Ramananda Narayanrao Mandre<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramananda Narayanrao Mandre's Sangam Talkies: This theatre is disabled-friendly |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/234969/this-theatre-disabled-friendly.html |access-date=20 December 2013 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> was a film producer, distributor and the founder of Sangam Talkies, Bangalore. Mandre's paternal aunt [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]], was a film producer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bidding-adieu-to-sunanda-murali-manohar-in-bengaluru/articleshow/62486699.cms |title=Bidding adieu to Sunanda Murali Manohar in Bengaluru |newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 January 2018 |accessdate=18 January 2018}}</ref> She completed her schooling from [[Sophia High School]], Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hegde |first1=Prajwal |title=School identities take back seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/silver-jubilee/school-identities-take-back-seat/articleshow/4821998.cms |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=26 July 2009}}</ref>

==Career==

===Debut and early success (2007-2011)===
[[File:Sharmila Mandre, Ganesh.jpg|thumb|right|Sharmila Mandre (left), [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] (right) in 2007 Kannada film ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' ]]
Mandre made her film debut with ''[[Sajni (film)|Sajni]]'' in 2007, which was produced by her aunt [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]]. She portrayed a college student opposite [[Sameer Dattani|Dhyan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gandhinagar gossip: Sharmeila Mandre |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/02/16/stories/2007021601890400.htm |website=The Hindu |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516024657/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/02/16/stories/2007021601890400.htm |archive-date=16 May 2008 |date=16 February 2007 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' noted, "Newcomer Sharmila rocks and has a bright future ahead for her."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/26sssaj.htm |title=Sajini Movie Review: Nothing original about Sajini |access-date=26 February 2010 |publisher=Rediff.com |author=RG Vijayasarathy}}</ref> She had her first commercial success with the film ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' opposite [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]].<ref>[http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/04slide1.htm Ganesh is back as Krishna]. Rediff.com 20 October 2007.</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' mentioned, "Sharmila, in her second film, proves that she is talented."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/05krishna.htm |title=Krishna: Treat for Ganesh fans |publisher=Rediff.com}}</ref> ''[[Ee Bandhana]]'' was her final release of the year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/e-bandhana-review-kannada-14579905.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408185716/http://www.sify.com/movies/e-bandhana-review-kannada-14579905.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 April 2014 |title=Movie Review : E Bandhana - Sify |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> In 2008, she appeared opposite [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] in ''[[Navagraha (film)|Navagraha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |work=Mid Day |url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/mar/1032039.htm |title=Navagraha will feature seven actors ? all sons of senior actors who were popular for their roles as villains on the Kannada film screen |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115209/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/mar/1032039.htm |archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> and played a special role in ''[[Mast Maja Maadi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/guest-entry/articleshow/22378975.cms |title=Guest entry |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=21 October 2008}}</ref>

She had two releases in 2009. She first appeared opposite [[Sriimurali]] in ''[[Shivamani]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2008/Nov/05/from-hospitality-to-sandalwood-4601.html |title=From Hospitality to Sandalwood |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 November 2008}}</ref> She then appeared in ''[[Venkata in Sankata]]'' alongside [[Devadas Kapikad]] and [[Ramesh Aravind]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/20first-look-ramesh-arvind-venkata-in-sankata.htm |title=First Look: Ramesh Arvind's Venkata In Sankata |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=20 January 2009}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' stated, "Sharmila Mandre manages to look pleasing on screen."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/feb/19review-venkata-in-sankata.htm |title=Venkata In Sankata: Worth a watch |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=19 February 2009}}</ref> In 2010, she first appeared opposite [[Diganth]] in ''[[Swayamvara (film)|Swayamvara]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Sharmiela-Mandre-to-quit-Sandalwood/articleshow/28631931.cms |title=Sharmiela Mandre to quit Sandalwood? - The Times of India |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112171847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Sharmiela-Mandre-to-quit-Sandalwood/articleshow/28631931.cms |archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' said, "Sharmila is restrained and oozing glamour wherever required."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/58982/swayamvara.html |title=Swayamvara |work=Deccan Herald |date=19 March 2010 |access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref> She then appeared in ''[[Kari Chirathe]]'' opposite [[Duniya Vijay]].<ref name="Sify">{{cite news |title=Movie review |url=https://m.sify.com/movies/kari-chirathe-review-kannada-pclxGfbcbhefb.html |accessdate=21 February 2016 |work=Sify |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623052112/https://www.sify.com/movies/varshadhaare--review-kannada-pclx2Uajaeeef.html |archive-date=23 June 2020}}</ref> In 2011, she appeared opposite [[Prem Kumar (Kannada actor)|Prem Kumar]] in ''[[Dhan Dhana Dhan]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/171389/a-total-mishmash-affair.html |title=A total mishmash affair |work=Deccan Herald |date=24 June 2011 |access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref>

===Career expansion (2012-2017)===
[[File:Sharmila Mandre (2).jpg|thumb|right|Sharmila Mandre in 2015 Kannada film ''[[Mumtaz (film)|Mumtaz]]'' ]]
Mandre made her Tamil film debut with ''[[Mirattal]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]''. She appeared opposite [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_actor-vinay-rai-ready-to-kick-start_1494332 |title=Actor Vinay Rai ready to kick start- Entertainment - DNA |access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116074404/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_actor-vinay-rai-ready-to-kick-start_1494332 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mirattal-in-jest/article3727480.ece |title=Mirattal: In jest |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Malathi |last=Rangajaran |date=4 August 2012 |access-date=4 June 2018 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430021527/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mirattal-in-jest/article3727480.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, she made her Telugu film debut with ''[[Kevvu Keka]]'' opposite Allari Naresh.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |title=Allari Naresh to romance Sharmila Mandre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allari-Naresh-to-romance-Sharmila-Mandre/articleshow/16654489.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126190903/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-03/news-interviews/34238083_1_boppanna-chandrasekhar-jhanavi-productions-allari-naresh |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' said, "Sharmeila Mandre's role makes for an enjoyable character." She received [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu]] nomination for her performance.<ref>{{Cite news |title=KEVVU KEKA MOVIE REVIEW |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 May 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kevvu-keka/movie-review/21165814.cms}}</ref>

Mandre appeared opposite [[Tarun Chandra]] in ''[[Goa (2015 film)|Goa]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Talukdar, Taniya |title=Goa launched in Kannada |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Goa-launched-in-Kannada/articleshow/19440089.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 April 2013 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' noted, "Sharmiela Mandre steals the show with a graceful performance."<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/goa/movie-review/46490959.cms KANNADA FILM GOA MOVIE REVIEW 15 May 2016 The Times of India]</ref> In December 2014, it was announced that she was selected to play the protagonist in the [[Khalid Mohammed]]'s directorial ''Katha'', a remake of 1983 [[Katha (1983 film)|film of the same name]], reprising [[Deepti Naval]]'s role. But the film got scrapped.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sharmila-Mandre-to-play-Dipti-Naval-in-Katha-remake/articleshow/45613243.cms Sharmila Mandre to play Dipti Naval in Katha remake]</ref> In 2015, she portrayed the titular role in ''[[Mumtaz (film)|Mumtaz]]'', opposite Dharma Keerthiraj. It was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music-instinct-is-all-it-takes/article7535329.ece |title=Kannada film Mumtaaz: Music, instinct is all it takes? |work=The Hindu |date=13 August 2015 |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Sharmiela Mandre looks pretty but does not bring any depth."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2015/oct/31/better-mum-than-mumtaz-836793.html |title=Mumtaaz Movie Review: Better Mum Than Mumtaz |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref>

Mandre had two releases in 2017. She appeared opposite [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]] in ''[[Aake (film)|Aake]]'', a remake of Tamil film ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'' (2015), playing a single mother.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/aake-is-a-remake/articleshow/56571194.cms |title=Sharmiela Mandre and Chiranjeevi Sarja's 'Aaake' is a remake |website=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' noted, "Sharmiela Mandre 'scares' with her top-notch acting and the rest revolves around her."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/300617/aake-movie-review-watch-her-she-is-a-bit-scary.html |title=Aake movie review: Watch 'Her,' she is a bit scary |first=Shashiprasad |last=SM |date=30 June 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> While, ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated, "Sharmiela Mandre is shining on screen."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aake-review-plenty-chills-and-thrills-and-strong-story-tell-too-64440 |title='Aake' Review: Plenty of chills and thrills, and a strong story to tell too |access-date=30 June 2017 |website=The News Minute |date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she also portrayed a journalist in [[Shivarajkumar]]'s ''[[Leader (2017 film)|Leader]]''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} She learned [[belly dancing]] for her role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dance comes very easily to me: Sharmiela |first=Tini Sara |last=Anien |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=19 May 2017 |access-date=25 May 2017 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/612470/dance-comes-very-easily-me.html}}</ref>

===Hiatus and recent work (2018-present)===
Mandre took a hiatus of 4 years, from acting due to her production work. She made her screen comeback with ''[[Gaalipata 2]]'' in 2022. She portrayed a teacher opposite [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/may/09/gaalipata-2release-date-announced-2451299.html |title=Gaalipata 2 release date announced |date=9 May 2022 |accessdate=4 July 2022 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yogaraj Bhat's Gaalipata 2 team wraps up shooting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/gaalipata-2-team-wraps-up-shooting/articleshow/87205695.cms |access-date=5 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=22 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' mentioned, "Sharmila Mandre justify her character."<ref>{{Cite news |title='Gaalipata 2' movie review: An entertaining and emotional tale of friendship |work=The Hindu |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/gaalipata-2-movie-review-an-entertaining-and-emotional-tale-of-friendship/article65761565.ece/ |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara}}</ref> The film was a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2022 |title=Gaalipata 2 : ಭಟ್ರು ಜೊತೆ ಗಣಿ ಬಿಟ್ಟ ಗಾಳಿಪಟ - 2 ಸೂಪರ್ ಹಿಟ್; ಮೊದಲ ದಿನವೇ ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆಫೀಸ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಭರ್ಜರಿ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/ganesh-starrer-gaalipata-2-worldwide-box-office-day-1-collection-pvn-819300.html |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=News18 Kannada |language=kn}}</ref> In 2023, Mandre played an aerospace engineer in ''[[Mandala: The UFO Incident]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/lEOHUJjE5EORuOUqnVIlUK/Mysore-Masala-of-aliens-and-abductions.html |title='Mysore Masala': of aliens and abductions |last=Bagchi |first=Shrabonti |date=21 December 2018 |website=livemint.com |language=en |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-move/inspired-heritage-ajay-comes-689158.html |title=Inspired by heritage, Ajay comes up with sci-fi saga |date=24 August 2018 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noted, "Sharmiela Mandre is convincing as the aerospace engineer, and she has accordingly worked on her looks and body language."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/Mar/11/mandala-movie-review-great-potential-let-down-by-the-visuals-2554916.html |title=Mandala movie review: Great potential let down by the visuals |date=24 August 2018 |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=24 November 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, Mandre played an assassin alongside [[Diganth]] in ''[[Powder (2024 film)|Powder]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Powder wraps up Mysuru schedule, next stop Bengaluru |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/Dec/04/powder-wraps-up-mysuru-schedule-next-stop-bengaluru-50119.html |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514072151/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/Dec/04/powder-wraps-up-mysuru-schedule-next-stop-bengaluru-50119.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' found her to be striking with her action moves.<ref>{{cite news |last1=M.V |first1=Vivek |title=‘Powder’ movie review: Diganth and a troupe of quirky characters deliver a unique dramedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/powder-movie-review-diganth-and-a-troupe-of-quirky-characters-deliver-a-unique-dramedy/article68558577.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=23 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Mandre next has her production ''Dasara'' with [[Sathish Ninasam]] in her kitty.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-move/inspired-heritage-ajay-comes-689158.html |title=Shooting for Sharmiela Mandre and Sathish Ninasam's thriller Dasara resumes |date=24 August 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mandre changed her name from Sharmila Mandre to Sharmiela Mandre in 2013, adding an extra "e" to her name. She termed it as a personal choice.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sandalwood News: Sharmila Mandre is now Sharmiela Mandre! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/sharmila-mandre-is-now-sharmiela-mandre/articleshow/19767622.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sandalwood takes a shine to numerology |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38902755_1_bethesda-west-hospital-film-actress-new-name |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515100348/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38902755_1_bethesda-west-hospital-film-actress-new-name |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 May 2013 |date=29 April 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 May 2013}}</ref>

In 2020, Mandre suffered injuries after the car that she was travelling crashed against a pillar in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannada Actress Sharmiela Mandre injured in a car crash, Bengaluru cops book case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-sharmiela-mandre-injured-in-a-car-crash-6348259/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |date=5 April 2020 |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>

==Other work and media image==
[[File:Sharmila Mandre (4).jpg|thumb|upright|Mandre during a photoshoot]]

Mandre started her own production house named Sharmiela Mandre Productions, in 2018. She has produced Tamil films ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' (2018) and ''[[Naanum Single Thaan]]'' under her production house.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/evanukku-engeyo-matcham-irukku/movie-review/66987280.cms |title=Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku Movie Review: Critic Review of Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku |website=The Times of India |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dinesh’s-naanum-single-dhaan-set-in-london-news-tamil-tiklBsgcfcdde.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810110420/https://www.sify.com/movies/dinesh%E2%80%99s-naanum-single-dhaan-set-in-london-news-tamil-tiklBsgcfcdde.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2019 |title=Dinesh's Naanum Single Dhaan set in London |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> She will next produce the upcoming films, which include the Tamil films ''Sandakkari'' and ''Kaadhal Konjam Thookala'', and the Kannada film ''Dasara'', in which she stars too.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/jul/15/vimals-film-with-shriya-titled-sandakari-my-boss-2003921.html |title=Vimal's film with Shriya titled Sandakari My Boss |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=I don't want to be a producer who throws money at a project; I am hands on: Sharmiela Mandre |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-i-dont-want-to-be-a-producer-who-throws-money-at-a-project-i-am-hands-on-sharmiela-mandre/articleshow/94286608.cms}}</ref>

Mandre ranked 10th in 2012 and 8th in 2014 in [[Times of India|Bangalore Times' 25 Most Desirable Women]] List.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet the Bangalore Times Top 25 Most Desirable Women 2012 |access-date=25 August 2013 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Bangalore-Times-Top-25-Most-Desirable-Women-2012/articleshow/20138687.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bangalore Times Most Desirable Women 2014, Asha Bhatt tops the list |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bangalore-times-most-desirable-women-2014/articleshow/46932065.cms}}</ref> In its [[Times of India|30 Most Desirable Women]] List of 2020, she ranked 20th.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet the beautiful ladies who make up Bangalore Times' 30 Most Desirable Women of 2020 |access-date=10 June 2021 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-the-beautiful-ladies-who-make-up-bangalore-times-30-most-desirable-women-of-2020/articleshow/83095404.cms}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not been released yet
|}

===As actor===
*''All films are in Kannada, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!class="unsortable" | Notes
!class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007
| ''[[Sajni (film)|Sajni]]''
| Sajni
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/26sssaj.htm|title=Nothing original about Sajini|date=26 February 2007|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=RG Vijayasarathy|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913070344/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/26sssaj.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]''
| Anjali
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ee Bandhana]]''
| Shruthi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
| ''[[Navagraha (film)|Navagraha]]''
| Kiran
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mast Maja Maadi]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[Shivamani]]''
| Shruthi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Venkata in Sankata]]''
| Reporter
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
| ''[[Swayamvara (2010 film)|Swayamvara]]''
| Anusha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kari Chirathe]]''
| Shruthi
|
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Dhan Dhana Dhan]]''
| Charmi
|
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Mirattal]]''
| Deepika
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Sharmila-Mandres-in-dilemma/articleshow/6214217.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104114416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-26/news-interviews/28274864_1_tamil-film-roles-kannada-industry |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |work=The Times of India |title=Sharmila Mandre's in dilemma}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Kevvu Keka]]''
| Mahalakshmi
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Christopher |first=Kavya |title=Sharmila to debut in Tollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sharmila-to-debut-in-Tollywood/articleshow/16637707.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028032040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-02/news-interviews/34217301_1_sharmila-mandre-tamil-debut-kannada-films |url-status=live |archive-date=28 October 2012 |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Goa (2015 film)|Goa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Mumtaz (film)|Mumtaz]]''
| Anjali / Mumtaz
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Aake (film)|Aake]]''
| Sharmila Desai / Maya
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/chiranjeevi-sarjas-aake-is-completed |title=Chiranjeevi Sarja and Sharmiela Mandre's "Aake" is completed.. |publisher=News Karnataka |date=24 December 2016 |access-date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908153845/http://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/chiranjeevi-sarjas-aake-is-completed |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mass Leader]]''
| Sharmiela
|
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Gaalipata 2]]''
| Sharmila
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-the-girl-gang-of-yogaraj-bhats-next/articleshow/71638369.cms |title=Meet the girl gang of Yogaraj Bhat's next titled Gaalipata 2! |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 November 2019 |last1=Daithota |first1=Madhu}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
|''[[Mandala: The UFO Incident]]''
| Maya Melukote
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-multi-starrer-sci-fi-adventure-drama-in-the-works-in-kannada/articleshow/64698983.cms |title=A multi-starrer sci-fi adventure drama in the works in Kannada |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=6 April 2019 |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| ''[[Powder (2024 film)|Powder]]''
| Makeup Mallika
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/krg-studios-collaborates-with-tvf-for-a-film/article67235180.ece |title=KRG Studios collaborates with TVF for a film |date=25 August 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |access-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921070608/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/krg-studios-collaborates-with-tvf-for-a-film/article67235180.ece |archive-date=21 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[The Devil (2025 film)|The Devil]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Mar/15/sharmiela-mandre-interview-realised-my-dream-to-play-a-politician-in-devil|title=Sharmiela Mandre Interview: Realised my dream to play a politician in Devil|work=The New Indian Express|date=15 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Adhirshtasaali''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| {{TBA}}
| Tamil film; completed
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/madhavan-completes-shooting-for-mithran-jawahars-adhirshtasaali/article67748273.ece/ |title=Madhavan and Sharmiela Mandre completes shooting for Mithran Jawahar’s ‘Adhirshtasaali’ |website=The Hindu |access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Dasara''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Anika
| Post-production
|<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sathish-ninasam-and-sharmiela-mandres-next-has-a-new-title/articleshow/76481771.cms |title=Sathish Ninasam and Sharmiela Mandre's next has a new title |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

===As producer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Year
! Title
! Language
! Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]''
| Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/170718/kannada-actress-produces-vimals-film.html |title=Kannada actress Sharmiela Mandre produces Vimal's film |access-date=17 July 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Naanum Single Thaan]]''
| Tamil
| co-producer
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/110819/dinesh-deepthi-thivesh-team-up-for-a-rom-com.html |title=Dinesh, Deepthi Thivesh team up for a rom-com |first=Anupama |last=Subramanian |date=11 August 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Sila Nodigalil]]''
| Tamil
| creative producer
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/no-double-role-please/articleshow/105243056.cms |title=No double role please |work=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Sandakkari]]'' || Tamil || co-producer || <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttdUuu14p7c |title=Sandakari – Official Trailer {{!}} R.MADHESH {{!}} VEMAL {{!}} SHRIYA SARAN |date=14 January 2020 |language=en |publisher=Behindwoods TV |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319211732/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttdUuu14p7c |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''Dasara''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Kannada
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sathish-ninasam-and-sharmiela-mandre-unite-for-a-murder-mystery/articleshow/70992153.cms |title=Exclusive - Sathish Ninasam and Sharmiela Mandre unite for a murder mystery titled Dasara |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Kaadhal Konjam Thookala''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/sep/15/sharmiela-mandreto-back-balaji-mohans-next-kaadhal-konjam-thookala-34686.amp |title=Sharmiela Mandre to back Balaji Mohan's next, Kaadhal Konjam Thookala |website=Cinema Express |language=en |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2011
| [[South Scope|South Scope Style Awards]]
| Most Stylish Actress - Kannada
| ''[[Swayamvara (2010 film)|Swayamvara]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/ill-soon-be-a-size-zero-sharmila/articleshow/5750621.cms |title=I'll soon be a size zero: Swayamvara's Sharmila Mandre |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 April 2010 |last1=Daithota |first1=Madhu}}</ref>
|-
| [[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|2014]]
| rowspan="2"|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu|Best Female Debut – Telugu]]
| ''[[Kevvu Keka]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd SIIMA Awards 2014 Winners: And the SIIMA Awards goes to |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/And-the-SIIMA-Awards-go-to-/articleshow/42532423.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[11th South Indian International Movie Awards|2022]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress – Kannada]]
| rowspan="2"|''[[Gaalipata 2]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| [[Kannada cinema#State Recognition|Chandanavana Film Critics Academy Awards]]
| Best Actress
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/chandanavana-film-critics-academy-awards-2023-winner-list-121100/amp |title=CFC Academy Awards 2023 : ಚಂದನವನ ಫಿಲ್ಮ್ ಕ್ರಿಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ.. ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟ ರಿಷಬ್, ನಟಿ ಶರ್ಮಿಳಾ |date=6 March 2023 |work=Zee News Kannada |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Kannada film actresses]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2564747|Sharmila Mandre}}
* [https://www.instagram.com/sharmielamandre/ Official Instagram]

{{Commons}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandre, Sharmiela}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Mount Carmel College, Bangalore alumni]]

1952 Ajmer State Legislative Assembly election

2026-04-29T10:48:34Z

Gaurav:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| flag_year =
| flag_image =
| type = legislative
| vote_type = Popular
| ongoing = no
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Pt. Haribhau Upadhyaya.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=11|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Haribhau Upadhyaya]]
| party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]
| seats1 = 20
| image2 = Oil lamp.svg
| leader2 =
| party2 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| seats2 = 3
| alliance_name =
| previous_election =
| previous_year =
| outgoing_members =
| election_date = {{Start date|1952|03|27|df=yes}}
| elected_members =
| next_election = 1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1957 (RJ)}}
| votes_for_election =
| needed_votes =
| seats_for_election = All 30 seats in the [[Ajmer Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 16
| opinion_polls =
| registered =
| turnout =
| votes_counted = 
| reporting = 
| declared = 
| last_update =
| posttitle =
| after_election = [[Haribhau Upadhyaya]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| title = [[Ajmer State#Chief Minister|Chief Minister of Ajmer]]
}}

[[File:Ajmer in India (1951).svg|thumb|Ajmer State]]
[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|Indian administrative divisions, as of 1951]]

Elections to the [[Ajmer State|Ajmer]] [[State legislative assemblies of India|Legislative Assembly]] were held on 27 March 1952. 134 candidates competed for the 30 seats in the Assembly.<ref name="AjmerECI1951"/> This was the final election for the [[Ajmer Legislative Assembly]]: on 1 November 1956, under the provisions of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], the [[Ajmer State]] was abolished and its constituencies were merged into [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="1955ReorgStates">{{cite web|date=15 October 1955|title=Reorganisation of States, 1955|url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf|publisher=The Economic Weekly|accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref>

== Constituencies ==

The Ajmer Legislative Assembly consisted of 30 seats distributed in six two-member constituencies; Ajmer-I (South West), Ajmer-II (East), Jethana, Nasirabad, [[Kekri, Rajasthan|Kekri]] and Masuda and eighteen single-member constituencies. None of these seats were under reserved category for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Total 134 candidates contested for these 30 seats. Maximum number of candidates were 13 from Ajmer-I (South West) and Ajmer-II (East), while Bhinai had only 2 contestants, minimum of all the constituencies.<ref name="AjmerECI1951"/>

== Results ==

<section begin=Results />{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election<ref name="AjmerECI1951">{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_AJMER.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Ajmer |format= PDF |publisher= Election Commission of India |access-date= 2014-10-13}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
!colspan=8|[[File:India Ajmer Legislative Assembly 1952.svg]]
|-
!colspan=2|Party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! % of Seats !! Votes !! Vote %
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[File:Flag of Indian National Congress.png|70px]]
| 30 || 20 || 66.67 || 1,04,411 || 44.47
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|
| 15 || 3 || 10.00 || 28,057 || 11.95
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Pursharathi Panchayat}}
|
| 6 || 3 || 10.00 || 15,781 || 7.72
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|70px]]
| 2 || 0 || || 3,494 || 1.49
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}
|
| 2 || 0 || || 1,055 || 0.45
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|
| 79 || 4 || 13.33 || 81,990 || 34.92
|-
! colspan = 3| Total Seats
! 30 !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 4,62,810 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! 2,34,788 (50.73%)
|}<section end=Results />

== Elected members ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!{{Number sign}}
!Constituency
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |Ajmer-I (South West) || Parasram || {{Full party name with color|Pursharathi Panchayat}}
|-
| [[Arjandas Tulsidas Gajwani|Arjandas]] || {{Full party name with color|Pursharathi Panchayat}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |Ajmer-II (East) || [[Bal Krishna Kaul]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Harjit Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|3
| Ajmer-III (Kala Bagh) || Ramesh Chandra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|4
| Ajmer-IV (Town Hall) || Bhiman Das || {{Full party name with color|Pursharathi Panchayat}}
|-
|5
| [[Ajmer - V (Naya Bazar) Assembly constituency|Ajmer - V (Naya Bazar)]] || Ambalal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|6
| Ajmer-VI (Dhaldin Ka Jhopra) || Syed Abbas Ali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|7
| Shrinagar || Hari Bhao Upadhaya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|8
| Derathu || Himmat Ali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |Jethana || [[Narayan (politician)|Narayan]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bhagirath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|10
| Pushker South || Jai Narain || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|11
| Pushker North || Shiv Narayan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|12
| Gagwana || Kishan Lal Lamror || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |[[Nasirabad Assembly constituency|Nasirabad]]|| Laxminaryan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Mahendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|14
| Bhinai || Kalyan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|15
| Deolia Kalan || Chagan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|16
| Sawar || Laxman Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |17
| rowspan="2" |[[Kekri Assembly constituency|Kekri]]|| Jethmal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sewadas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|18
| Beawar City North || [[Brij Mohan Lal Sharma|Brijmohanlal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|19
| Beawar City South || Jagan Nath || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|20
| Shyamgarh || Wali Mohammad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |21
| rowspan="2" |[[Masuda Assembly constituency|Masuda]]|| Narayan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Surajmal Morya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|22
| Nayanagar || [[Thakur Ganpat Singh|Ganpati Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|23
| Jawaja || [[Chiman Singh Bhati|Chiman Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|24
| Todgarh || Prem Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== By-elections ==

In September 1953 a [[1953 Bhinai by-election|by-election]] was held for the Bhinai seat.<ref name="e2">Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls Bye-election results 1952-95]''</ref><ref name="p2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tu4sAAAAIAAJ|title=Indian Press Digests. Monograph Series|year=1956|edition=2-3|page=1}}</ref> In the original election, the Bhinai seat had been won by Kalyan Singh of the [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]], who defeated the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Madan Singh with 3,164 votes (51.58%) against 2,970 (48.42%).<ref name="a19512">Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_AJMER.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF AJMER]''</ref> However, the election in Bhinai was declared void as nomination papers had been improperly rejected and a by-election was called.<ref name="p2" /> Three candidates contested the by-election; Kalyan Singh of BJS, Chiman Singh of INC and independent candidate Misri Lal Chitlangia.<ref name="e2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTsPAQAAIAAJ|title=Gazette of India|publisher=Controller of Publications|year=1954|page=280}}</ref> Kalyan Singh retained the seat with 3,662 votes (65.3%). The Congress candidate got 1,635 votes (29.2%) and Chitalngia got 310 votes (5.5%).<ref name="e2" /><ref name="p2" />

== See also ==

{{Portal|India}}

* [[1951–52 elections in India]]
* [[Ajmer State]]
* [[1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1952 State Assembly elections in India|Ajmer]]
[[Category:Ajmer Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Ajmer district]]
[[Category:March 1952 in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Ajmer]]

D. Venkatesh Murthy

2026-04-24T23:41:06Z

Gaurav: New new info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = D. Venkatesh Murthy
| office = Mayor of Bangalore
| order = 46th
| predecessor = [[Sharadamma Ramanjaneya]]
| successor = B S Sathyanarayana
| term_end = 2012
| term_start = 2011
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| deputy = L. Srinivas
| spouse = K. Prabha
}}

'''D Venkatesh Murthy''' is a [[social work]]er<ref>{{Cite web |title=D. Venkatesh Murthy |url=https://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=602 |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=MyNeta}}</ref> and former BJP politician who served as 46th [[Mayor of Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2012-04-27 |title=No surprises as Venkatesh Murthy is Mayor, Srinivas his deputy |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/no-surprises-as-venkatesh-murthy-is-mayor-srinivas-his-deputy/article3357758.ece |access-date=2022-09-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
He was three time corporator of [[K. S. Eshwarappa]]. He was suspended from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-11 |title=BJP suspends KSE aide Venkatesh Murthy |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/590874/bjp-suspends-kse-aide-venkatesh.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Mayor Murthy Left Out of BJP List |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/aug/09/former-mayor-murthy-left-out-of-bjp-list-796796.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He is the longest serving [[Mayor of Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-mayor may join Congress |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/jan/28/ex-mayor-may-join-congress-1764519.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murthy, D. Venkatesh}}
[[Category:21st-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Mayors of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-BJP-politician-stub}}

Surendra Pareek

2026-04-21T22:51:42Z

Gaurav: starting a article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Surendra Pareek (Politician)
| image =
| caption = Surendra Pareek (BJP Leader)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|10|21}}
| birth_place = Jaipur, Rajasthan
| office1 = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Hawa Mahal Assembly constituency|Hawa Mahal]]
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_end1 = 2008
| constituency2 = [[Hawa Mahal Assembly constituency|Hawa Mahal]]
| term_start2 = 2013
| term_end2 = 2018
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = Advocate, Politician
| spouse = Asha Pareek
| children = 1 son, 1 daughter
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]]
}}

'''Surendra Pareek''' (born 21 October 1953) is an Indian politician and advocate affiliated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He served multiple terms as a Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Hawa Mahal Assembly constituency]], in Jaipur.

==Early life and education==
Surendra Pareek was born on 21 October 1953 in [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], India. He completed his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degrees from the [[University of Rajasthan]], Jaipur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rajassembly.nic.in/Members/MemberDetails.aspx?MemberId=129|title=Member Profile: Surendra Pareek|publisher=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>

==Political career==
Pareek has been a long-standing member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, holding various positions within the party at the city and state levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/rajasthan-elections/surendra-pareek-candidate-19993|title=Candidates Detail: Surendra Pareek|publisher=Business Standard|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] representing the Hawa Mahal constituency in the following terms:

* 2003–2008 ([[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|12th Legislative Assembly]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2003/rajasthan/165/14|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2003: Hawa Mahal Constituency|publisher=IndiaVotes|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>
* 2013–2018 ([[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|14th Legislative Assembly]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3662|title=Surendra Pareek (2018)|publisher=MyNeta|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>

===Election results===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Hawa Mahal Assembly Election Results
|-
! Year !! Candidate !! Party !! Votes !! Vote Percentage !! Result
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003
| Surendra Pareek ||[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| 34,353 || 64% || style="color:green;" | ▲ Won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2003/rajasthan/165/14|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2003: Hawa Mahal Constituency|publisher=IndiaVotes|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rajasthanlink.com/VanuDetails/jaipur/assembly-12/58069/surendra-pareek-mla|title=Surendra Pareek (MLA)|publisher=Rajasthan Link|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>
|-
| Rikhabchand Shah || (INC) || 17,392 || 32% || style="color:red;" | ▼ Runner-up<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2003/rajasthan/165/14|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2003: Hawa Mahal Constituency|publisher=IndiaVotes|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| Surendra Pareek ||[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| 69,924 || 48.89% || style="color:green;" | ▲ Won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3662|title=Surendra Pareek (2018)|publisher=MyNeta|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/Hawa-Mahal | title=Hawa Mahal Constituency Election Results 2023: Hawa Mahal Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| [[Brij Kishore Sharma]] ||(INC) || 57,209 || 40.00% || style="color:red;" | ▼ Runner-up<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3662|title=Surendra Pareek (2018)|publisher=MyNeta|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/Hawa-Mahal | title=Hawa Mahal Constituency Election Results 2023: Hawa Mahal Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| Dr. [[Mahesh Joshi]] ||(INC) || 85,474 || 50.38% || style="color:green;" | ▲ Won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3662|title=Surendra Pareek (2018)|publisher=MyNeta|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/Hawa-Mahal | title=Hawa Mahal Constituency Election Results 2023: Hawa Mahal Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| Surendra Pareek ||[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || 76,192 || 44.91% || style="color:red;" | ▼ Runner-up<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3662|title=Surendra Pareek (2018)|publisher=MyNeta|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/Hawa-Mahal | title=Hawa Mahal Constituency Election Results 2023: Hawa Mahal Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pareek, Surendra}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur district]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Birendra Yadav

2026-04-19T00:10:46Z

Gaurav: New new article

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Birendra Kumar Sinha
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|08|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/220.pdf|title=Member Profile|website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha|accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref>
| birth_place = Village bhagwan Bigha, Post Pilchhi, P.s. Daudangar, Dist-[[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]], Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Obra, Bihar Assembly constituency|Obra]]
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2020
| predecessor = [[Somprakash Singh Yadav]]
| successor = [[Rishi Kumar]]
| office1 =
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater = Bachelor of Arts, [[Magadh University]]
| profession = Politician, social worker
| date =
| year =
| source = http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/220.pdf
}}
'''Birendra Kumar Yadav''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Obra, Bihar Assembly constituency|Obra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/obra.html|title=Obra Assembly Election Results 2015|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> as a Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] and a member of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] in 2015.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Birendra}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Aurangabad district, Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Magadh University alumni]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Amiyo Kumar Ghosh

2026-04-18T21:07:09Z

Gaurav: creating the bio first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amiyo Kumar Ghosh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://loksabha.nic.in/constituent/Constituent.aspx | title=LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (AS IN NOVEMBER, 1949) | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=21 March 2023}}</ref>
| term_start1 = 9 December 1946
| term_end1 = 24 January 1950
| party =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Amiyo Kumar Ghosh''' was an Indian politician. He was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] from [[Bihar]]. He was also a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="The Constituent Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report 1949 p. 503">{{cite book | title=The Constituent Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report | publisher=Manager of Publications | issue=v. 1, pt. 1 | year=1949 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4nEfos5RJAC&pg=PA503 | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=503}}</ref><ref name="India. Constituent Assembly 1949 p. ">{{cite book | author=India. Constituent Assembly | title=Constituent Assembly Debates: Official Report | publisher=Lok Sabha, Secretariat | issue=v. 10 | year=1949 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-K2HWro8hUC | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=69}}</ref><ref name="Constituent Assembly Debates: V. 7 : 4 November 1948 to 8 January 1949 1999 p. ">{{cite book | title=Constituent Assembly Debates: V. 7 : 4 November 1948 to 8 January 1949 | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | series=Constituent Assembly Debates: Official Report | year=1999 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPzEMItoHDQC | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=483}}</ref><ref name="Banerjee 1947 p. ">{{cite book | last=Banerjee | first=A.C. | title=The Constituent Assembly of India | publisher=A. Mukherjee | year=1947 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=roAIAAAAMAAJ | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=342}}</ref><ref name="India, a Reference Annual 1955 p. ">{{cite book | title=India, a Reference Annual | publisher=Research and Reference Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India | issue=v. 3 | year=1955 | issn=0073-6090 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXhDAAAAYAAJ | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=481}}</ref><ref name="Reed Times of India 1949 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Reed | first1=Sir Stanley | last2=Times of India | first2=Bombay | title=Indian and Pakistan Year Book and Who's who | publisher=Times of India Press | year=1949 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvsTAAAAIAAJ | access-date=22 Mar 2023 | page=96}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Rajesh Shriramji Wankhade

2026-04-16T06:29:55Z

Gaurav: Started Initial Stub Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2024-Present)}}
| other_party = [[Shiv Sena]] {{small|(Till 2024)}}
}}
'''Rajesh Shriramji Wankhade''' is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Teosa Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Teosa, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Rajesh Shriramji Wankhade defeats INC's Adv. Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur with 7617 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/teosa-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638143-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Teosa (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/teosa-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684560/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==

Rajesh Wankhade is a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation.

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
* [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wankhade, Rajesh Shriramji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Malerkotla Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:09Z

Gaurav: new basic stub v1!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Malerkotla
| map_image = 105-Malerkotla.svg
| mla = [[Mohammad Jamil Ur Rehman]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:160388}} {{update after|2027|01}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 105
}}
'''Malerkotla Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 105) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Sangrur district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| Nusrat Ali Khan
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan=2|[[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| F. Nesara Khatoon
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Mohammad Jamil Ur Rehman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Malerkotla }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Mohammad Jamil Ur Rehman]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Punjab Election 2022: Complete List of AAP Candidates, Check Names HERE|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/punjab-election-2022-complete-list-of-aap-candidates-check-names-announced-5198549/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref>
|votes = 65,948
|percentage = 52.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>
|votes = 44,262
|percentage = 35.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Nusrat Ali Khan
|votes = 8,421
|percentage = 6.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Punjab Lok Congress
|candidate = F. Nesara Khatton
|votes = 3,766
|percentage = 2.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 687
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 21,686
|percentage = 17.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,26,042
|percentage = 78.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:1,60,388}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Malerkotla<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:58982}}
|percentage = 46.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Mohammad Owais]]
|votes = {{formatnum:46280}}
|percentage = 36.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Mohamad Arshad
|votes = {{formatnum:17635}}
|percentage = 14.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:603}}
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:12702}}
|percentage = 10.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:125652}}
|percentage = 84.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:149304}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Sangrur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.53|75.88|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sangrur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in East Punjab]]

Linderpur

2026-04-03T21:39:47Z

Gaurav:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Linderpur
| native_name = Nanderpur
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bijnor Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.3724422|N|78.1358472|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|Bijnor]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh, India|Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chandpur]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m = 265
| population_total = 3174<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=Census of India: Search Details|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=125035|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=8 September 2016}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 1000/924 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246734
| area_code = 01345
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| iso_code = IN-UP
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP]] 20 XX XXXX
| blank1_name_sec2 = Post Office
| blank1_info_sec2 = Ratangarh
| website = http://bijnor.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Bijnori]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
}}

'''Linderpur''' is a village that is governed by [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] law in the [[Bijnor district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located on State Highway 77. The historical local name of the village was Nanderpur. Shobhit Chauhan is the current Pradhan and Sarpanch of the village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linderpur {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Linderpur/Village |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref>

== Geography ==
It belongs to the [[Moradabad division]] and is situated on both sides of Uttar Pradesh State Highway (U.P.S.H.)No:77. It is a central hub For nearly villages which are connected through Linderpur - Dharupur Link Road. Most travel to surrounding villages passes through it. It is 43 km south of the district headquarters in [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]], 11 km from tehsil headquarter Chandpur, 5 km from neighbouring block town [[Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]], 417 km from the state capital [[Lucknow]] and 138 km from the national capital [[New Delhi]]. The elevation of this area is approximately 869 feet above sea level

== Economy ==
The main activities of this village include [[Cane (grass)|cane]] plants, cane crushers, brickworks, wood-razing and bakeries. One recent development is a central market which extends from the primary school to Harcharan Singh Market on Main Amroha road.

== Education ==
It has a government-run primary and junior school. It has also one private educational institution, Manbhavan Sarvjanik Children Academy which is up to class X.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bijnor district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bijnor district]]

{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}

1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election

2026-04-03T13:33:32Z

Gaurav: creating new data from scratch

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = March 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election
| swing2 = {{increase}} 26.22%
| leader2 =
| party2 = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
| leader_since2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| last_election2 = ''Party did not exist''
| seats2 = 24
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 24
| popular_vote2 = 2,361,308
| percentage2 = 26.22%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption = 
| title = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Mysore]]
| before_election = Vacant
| before_party = [[President's rule]]
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Mysore]]
| after_election = [[D. Devaraj Urs]]
| image2 = <div style="width:100px;"> '''INC(O)'''</div>
| country = India
| seats_for_election = All 216 seats in the [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]]
| type = parliamentary
| vote_type = Popular 
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1967 Mysore Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1967
| election_date = 1972
| elected_members =
| next_election = 1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1978 (KA)
| majority_seats = 109
| popular_vote1 = 4,698,824
| registered =
| turnout =
| image1 ={{CSS image crop|Image=Devaraj Urs (cropped).JPG|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader1 =
| party1 = Indian National Congress (R)
| leader_since1 =
| leaders_seat1 =
| last_election1 = 126
| seats1 = 165
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 39
| percentage1 = 52.17%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 3.74%
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}The '''1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election''' was held in the [[India]]n state of [[Mysore State|Mysore]] (currently [[Karnataka]]) to elect 216 members to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Mysore Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3775-karnataka-1972/|title=Karnataka 1972|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515061747/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3775-karnataka-1972/ |archive-date=15 May 2019 |access-date=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)]] allied with [[Communist Party of India]]. [[D. Devaraj Urs]] of INC(R) and [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] of CPI came together and forged a pre-pol alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/764409/1/jpi_April_1972.pdf#search=null%20Journal%20of%20Parliamentary%20Information:%20Vol.%20XVIII,%20No.%202|title=The journal of Parliamentary information 1972|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>

== Results ==
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Mysore Legislative Assembly election, 1972|sortable=yes}}
!colspan=10|[[File:India Mysore Legislative Assembly 1972.svg]]
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Contestants 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Vote share 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Net change
|-style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)]]||212||165||{{increase}} 39||4,698,824||52.17%||{{increase}} 3.74%
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]||176||24||||2,361,308||26.22%||{{increase}} 26.22%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||4||3||||88,978||0.99%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]||29||3||{{decrease}} 3||152,556||1.69%|| {{decrease}} 0.78%
|-
| {{party color cell|}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Paksha Party]]||2||1||||14,390||0.16%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||||20||{{decrease}} 21||1,159,383||12.87%||
|-
|align="left" colspan=2|'''Total'''||||'''216'''||||||||
|-
|}

=== Results by constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Results by constituency |
* Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
!Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
! #k
! Names
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|-
|1||[[Aurad Assembly constituency|Aurad]]||66.02%||Bapurao Vithalrao Patil||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,431||41.25%||Manik Rao Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||18,570||34.15%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''3,861'''
|-
|2||[[Bhalki Assembly constituency|Bhalki]]||44.52%||Subhash Asture||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,561||73.11%||Heerachand Waghmare||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||7,628||24.72%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,933'''
|-
|3||[[Hulsoor Assembly constituency|Hulsoor]]||30.59%||Mahendra Kumar Kallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,282||67.13%||Maruthi Devendra||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||4,159||21.02%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,123'''
|-
|4||[[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]||54.67%||Manikrao. R. Phuleker||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,562||41.08%||G. Madivalappa Kheny||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,253||35.35%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,309'''
|-
|5||[[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]]||57.27%||V. N. Patil Neelappa||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||14,376||33.95%||Manik Rao Ramanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,935||32.91%||style="background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India}}"|'''441'''
|-
|6||[[Basavakalyan Assembly constituency|Basavakalyan]]||60.59%||Bapurao Anand Rao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,995||55.10%||Sidramappa Sanganbasappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,367||44.90%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,628'''
|-
|7||[[Chincholi Assembly constituency|Chincholi]]||55.80%||[[Devendrappa Ghalappa Jamadar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,364||59.52%||C. P. Baswantrao Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,322||37.43%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,042'''
|-
|8||[[Kamalapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Kamalapur]]||49.38%||Subhash Shankershetty||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,196||70.31%||Hanmanth Rao Sharnappa||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||9,375||29.69%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,821'''
|-
|9||[[Aland Assembly constituency|Aland]]||67.55%||Anna Rao Veerbhadrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,181||73.78%||Anna Rao Bhim Rao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,721||24.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''21,460'''
|-
|10||[[Gulbarga Assembly constituency|Gulbarga]]||61.45%||Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,657||47.97%||A. Sharma Jaitirthachary||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,663||24.70%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,994'''
|-
|11||[[Afzalpur Assembly constituency|Afzalpur]]||54.29%||Digambar Rao Balwantrao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,729||53.23%||Anna Rao Madiwalappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,333||46.77%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,396'''
|-
|12||[[Kalgi Assembly constituency|Kalgi]]||41.80%||Prabhaker Telker||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,707||50.28%||Shivalingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,485||42.68%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,222'''
|-
|13||[[Chittapur Assembly constituency|Chitapur]]||47.19%||Vijay Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,392||52.51%||B. Revansidappa Kanta||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,119||40.31%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,273'''
|-
|14||[[Sedam Assembly constituency|Sedam]]||53.55%||Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,682||49.80%||Bhojappa Mogalappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,713||46.72%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''969'''
|-
|15||[[Jevargi Assembly constituency|Jevargi]]||50.96%||O. S. Narayan Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,500||57.99%||Mahadevappa Yeshwantrao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,896||39.31%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,604'''
|-
|16||[[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency|Gurmitkal]]||37.87%||[[Mallikarjun Kharge]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,796||62.68%||Murtheppa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,356||27.45%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,440'''
|-
|17||[[Yadgir Assembly constituency|Yadgir]]||58.84%||Vishwanath Reddy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,068||49.44%||Shivanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,423||47.93%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''645'''
|-
|18||[[Shahapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shahapur]]||52.60%||Bapu Gowda Rayappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,575||53.79%||H. G. Ramayyagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,819||46.21%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,756'''
|-
|19||[[Shorapur Assembly constituency|Shorapur]]||45.91%||Raja Pidnaik Raja Krishtappa Naik||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,541||54.18%||Abbas Ali||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,648||28.33%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''7,893'''
|-
|20||[[Devadurga Assembly constituency|Devadurga]]||46.78%||Sharanappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,795||42.01%||Ambanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,579||34.73%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,216'''
|-
|21||[[Raichur Assembly constituency|Raichur]]||44.12%||Nazeer Ahmad Siddiqui||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,953||45.50%||Sangameshwar Sardar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,575||34.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,378'''
|-
|22||[[Kalmala Assembly constituency|Kalmala]]||32.16%||Shivanna Bheemappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,167||60.38%||B. Nagamma Seshappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||6,307||34.10%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,860'''
|-
|23||[[Manvi Assembly constituency|Manvi]]||53.55%||Bhimanna Narsappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,434||61.53%||A. B. Patel||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,142||36.05%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,292'''
|-
|24||[[Lingsugur Assembly constituency|Lingsugur]]||50.41%||Chandrasekar. N. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,223||62.96%||Mallangouda Sangangouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,348||34.98%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,875'''
|-
|25||[[Sindhanur Assembly constituency|Sindhanoor]]||63.06%||Baswantrao Bassanagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,599||58.54%||Amare Gouda Channan Gouda||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||18,130||41.46%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,469'''
|-
|26||[[Kushtagi Assembly constituency|Kushtagi]]||58.64%||Kantha Rao Bhim Rao Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,144||55.88%||B. Sharanabasvaraj||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,201||39.12%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,943'''
|-
|27||[[Yelburga Assembly constituency|Yelaburga]]||48.13%||Prabhuraj. L. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,430||70.15%||A. G. Virupakshagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,005||25.86%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,425'''
|-
|28||[[Gangawati Assembly constituency|Gangavati]]||66.06%||H. R. Sriramulu||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||38,967||65.85%||Pampanagouda Basanagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,209||34.15%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,758'''
|-
|29||[[Koppal Assembly constituency|Koppal]]||56.12%||M. Virupakshappa Shivappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,218||76.49%||B. Mudieppa Ballolli||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,379||19.89%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''23,839'''
|-
|30||[[Siruguppa Assembly constituency|Siruguppa]]||69.29%||B. E. Ramaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,600||58.40%||M. Doudangowd||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,659||41.60%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,941'''
|-
|31||[[Kurugodu Assembly constituency|Kurugodu]]||71.43%||H. Linga Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,914||55.56%||[[Allum Veerabhadrappa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,531||44.44%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,383'''
|-
|32||[[Bellary Assembly constituency|Bellary]]||63.41%||V. Nagappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||25,866||49.71%||K. Bhasker Naidu||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,024||44.25%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,842'''
|-
|33||[[Hospet Assembly constituency|Hospet]]||68.53%||N. Chikkegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||40,227||80.22%||B. Satyanarayana Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,717||53.28%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,510'''
|-
|34||[[Sandur Assembly constituency|Sandur]]||66.30%||[[M. Y. Ghorpade]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,030||60.43%||Yali Thimmappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,608||38.56%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,422'''
|-
|35||[[Kudligi Assembly constituency|Kudligi]]||67.71%||B. S. Veerabhadrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||34,110||69.38%||P. J. Krishnavarma Raju||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,056||30.62%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''19,054'''
|-
|36||[[Hadagali Assembly constituency|Hoovina Hadagali]]||73.09%||Andaneppa. C||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,859||60.32%||N. M. Kotrabasavaiah Sogi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,956||39.68%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,903'''
|-
|37||[[Harapanahalli Assembly constituency|Harpanahalli]]||59.47%||Dinarayanada||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,033||60.33%||B. Y. Nemya Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,939||36.45%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,094'''
|-
|38||[[Harihar Assembly constituency|Harihar]]||72.08%||[[H. Siddhaveerappa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,620||55.55%||Ganji Veerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||26,704||41.65%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,916'''
|-
|39||[[Davanagere Assembly constituency|Davanagere]]||57.46%||Nagamma. C. Keshavamurthy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,163||70.70%||K. G. Maheshwarappa||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||10,113||21.56%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''23,050'''
|-
|40||[[Bharamasagara Assembly constituency|Bharamasagara]]||51.35%||H. B. Lakshmana||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,871||32.12%||T. Chowdaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,637||31.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''234'''
|-
|41||[[Chitradurga Assembly constituency|Chitradurga]]||57.11%||C. R. Mohammad Saifuddin||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,057||58.10%||T. M. K. Peer Sab||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,665||24.36%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,392'''
|-
|42||[[Jagalur Assembly constituency|Jagalur]]||64.04%||G. H. Ashwath Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,132||55.31%||B. H. Sreenivasa Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||18,010||38.12%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,122'''
|-
|43||[[Molakalmuru Assembly constituency|Molakalmuru]]||67.27%||Patil Papanaik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,038||59.38%||H. C. Boraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,183||40.62%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,855'''
|-
|44||[[Challakere Assembly constituency|Challakere]]||59.17%||V. Masiyappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,643||55.96%||H. C. Shivashankarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,798||39.76%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,845'''
|-
|45||[[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]||54.47%||K. H. Ranganath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,314||84.88%||P. Rangappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||5,933||15.12%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''27,381'''
|-
|46||[[Holalkere Assembly constituency|Holalkere]]||71.70%||B. Parameswarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,587||57.84%||M. B. Thipperudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,566||42.16%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,021'''
|-
|47||[[Hosadurga Assembly constituency|Hosadurga]]||66.40%||M. V. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,375||63.36%||G. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||18,141||36.64%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,234'''
|-
|48||[[Pavagada Assembly constituency|Pavagada]]||42.93%||K. R. Thimmarayappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,245||76.84%||P. Anajanappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||4,853||14.21%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''21,392'''
|-
|49||[[Sira Assembly constituency|Sira]]||61.72%||B. Puttakamaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,669||54.20%||P. Mudle Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,796||40.16%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,873'''
|-
|50||[[Kallambella Assembly constituency|Kalambella]]||64.45%||T. Taregowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,862||43.75%||B. Ganganna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,929||19.42%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,933'''
|-
|51||[[Gubbi Assembly constituency|Gubbi]]||60.62%||Gatti Chandrasekhar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,214||58.49%||S. Revanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,187||41.51%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,027'''
|-
|52||[[Chikkanayakanahalli Assembly constituency|Chiknayakanahalli]]||64.49%||N. Basavaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,335||50.90%||A. B. Mariappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,445||46.39%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,890'''
|-
|53||[[Tiptur Assembly constituency|Tiptur]]||70.82%||T. M. Manjanath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||33,192||61.17%||V. L. Sivappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,287||28.17%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''17,905'''
|-
|54||[[Turuvekere Assembly constituency|Turuvekere]]||73.11%||B. Byrappaji||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,990||64.18%||T. Sivanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,157||33.46%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,833'''
|-
|55||[[Kunigal Assembly constituency|Kunigal]]||62.60%||Andanaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,499||67.72%||Mohammad Gaiban Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,200||32.28%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,299'''
|-
|56||[[Huliyurdurga Assembly constituency|Huliyurdurga]]||66.63%||N. Huchamasti Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,591||69.99%||D. T. Mayanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,828||30.01%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,763'''
|-
|57||[[Gulur Assembly constituency|Gulur]]||55.26%||[[Dodda Thimmaiah]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,307||52.59%||Gangabovi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,448||44.38%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,859'''
|-
|58||[[Tumkur Assembly constituency|Tumkur]]||53.33%||K. Abdul Subhan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,547||34.55%||S. Mallikarjunaiah||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||9,464||28.32%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,083'''
|-
|59||[[Koratagere Assembly constituency|Koratagere]]||55.65%||Mudduramaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,998||51.30%||T. H. Hanumantharayappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,564||18.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,434'''
|-
|60||[[Madhugiri Assembly constituency|Madhugiri]]||66.60%||Chikkaiah. R||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,071||55.34%||M. N. Nagabhushana||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,425||44.66%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,646'''
|-
|61||[[Gauribidanur Assembly constituency|Gowribidanur]]||69.84%||[[V. Krishna Rao]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,469||59.90%||R. N. Lakshmipathi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,556||38.45%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,913'''
|-
|62||[[Chikballapur Assembly constituency|Chikballapur]]||68.09%||C. V. Venkatarayappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,804||55.83%||R. B. Pillappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,733||41.63%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,071'''
|-
|63||[[Sidlaghatta Assembly constituency|Sidlaghatta]]||77.88%||J. Venkatappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,308||60.81%||B. Venkatarayappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,874||32.78%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,434'''
|-
|64||[[Bagepalli Assembly constituency|Bagepalli]]||45.23%||Renuka Rajendran||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,461||55.00%||A. Muniyappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,890||19.47%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,571'''
|-
|65||[[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]||72.26%||Chowda Reddy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,277||53.73%||V. Seethappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,402||39.75%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''7,875'''
|-
|66||[[Srinivasapur Assembly constituency|Srinivasapur]]||59.90%||S. Bachi Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||29,616||71.63%||H. Syed Abdul Aleem||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,728||28.37%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''17,888'''
|-
|67||[[Mulbagal Assembly constituency|Mulbagal]]||50.17%||P. Muniyappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||17,112||47.18%||Buchappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,097||30.59%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''6,015'''
|-
|68||[[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|Kolar Gold Fields]]||69.75%||C. M. Armugam||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,077||43.06%||A. K. Selvaraj||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,317||38.35%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''1,760'''
|-
|69||[[Bethamangala Assembly constituency|Bethamangala]]||63.73%||K. M. Doreswamy Naidu||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,380||56.92%||K. C. Venkatesh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,490||40.47%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''5,890'''
|-
|70||[[Kolar Assembly constituency|Kolar]]||49.64%||D. Venkataramiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,639||47.53%||P. Venkatagiriappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,147||42.69%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,492'''
|-
|71||[[Vemagal Assembly constituency|Vemagal]]||69.86%||[[C. Byre Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,258||51.49%||S. Govinda Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,031||48.51%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''1,227'''
|-
|72||[[Malur Assembly constituency|Malur]]||64.56%||A. V. Muniswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,581||58.30%||H. C. Linga Reddy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,605||38.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,976'''
|-
|73||[[Malleshwaram Assembly constituency|Malleswaram]]||50.73%||[[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]]||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||31,925||53.56%||P. Ramdev||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,506||22.66%||style="background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India}}"|'''18,419'''
|-
|74||[[Gandhi Nagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar]]||52.97%||K. Sreeramulu||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,812||34.26%||S. E. Venugopal||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,535||30.84%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,277'''
|-
|75||[[Chickpet Assembly constituency|Chikpet]]||46.99%||K. M. Naganna||{{party name with color|Janata Paksha Party}}||8,936||35.53%||Kalapanda Thimmaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,714||30.67%||style="background:{{party colour|Janata Paksha Party}}"|'''1,222'''
|-
|76||[[Chamrajpet Assembly constituency|Chamarajpet]]||55.83%||[[Vatal Nagaraj]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,456||29.32%||R. Dayananda Sagar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,412||27.34%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''1,044'''
|-
|77||[[Fort Assembly constituency|Fort]]||53.01%||[[T. R. Shamanna]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,625||33.13%||D. S. Narasinga Rao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,209||27.26%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''2,416'''
|-
|78||[[Basavanagudi Assembly constituency|Basavangudi]]||50.05%||Amir Rahamathulla Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,320||33.80%||S. P. Rajanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,126||24.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,194'''
|-
|79||[[Shivajinagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]]||42.67%||S. Hameed Shah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,989||44.59%||A. Azeez Menon||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,267||24.95%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,722'''
|-
|80||[[Bharathinagar Assembly constituency|Bharathynagar]]||52.87%||D. Poosalingam||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,810||40.95%||C. Sharada||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,450||34.84%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''2,360'''
|-
|81||[[Shanti Nagar Assembly constituency|Shantinagar]]||48.53%||K. R. Sreenivasulu Nayudu||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,346||41.53%||V. Shivashankara||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,342||29.94%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,004'''
|-
|82||[[Yelahanka Assembly constituency|Yelahanka]]||50.09%||A. M. Suryanarayana Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,751||58.12%||B. V. Ramachandra Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,793||27.25%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,958'''
|-
|83||[[Uttarahalli Assembly constituency|Uttarahalli]]||49.23%||B. Basavalingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,903||63.29%||[[Y. Ramakrishna]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,704||36.71%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,199'''
|-
|84||[[Varthur Assembly constituency|Varthur]]||40.49%||K. Prabhakar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,774||60.36%||D. Munichinnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,500||35.11%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,274'''
|-
|85||[[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakapura]]||64.00%||S. Kariyappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,121||66.74%||K. G. Srinivasmurthy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,517||33.26%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,604'''
|-
|86||[[Sathanur Assembly constituency|Sathanur]]||58.76%||H. Puttadasa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,740||70.62%||G. C. Chandrasekhar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,878||29.38%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,862'''
|-
|87||[[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]]||64.21%||T. V. Krishnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,120||54.64%||Sivvaramaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,656||38.76%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,464'''
|-
|88||[[Ramanagara Assembly constituency|Ramanagaram]]||66.27%||B. Puttaswamaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||26,775||56.07%||A. K. Abdul Samad||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,978||43.93%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''5,797'''
|-
|89||[[Magadi Assembly constituency|Magadi]]||63.20%||H. G. Channappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||19,948||50.74%||C. R. Range Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,738||24.77%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''10,210'''
|-
|90||[[Kudur Assembly constituency|Kudur]]||70.01%||Bettaswamy Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||24,848||58.38%||T. D. Maranna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,715||41.62%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''7,133'''
|-
|91||[[Nelamangala Assembly constituency|Nelamangala]]||59.50%||H. Maregowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,977||56.57%||T. V. Manumantharaju||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,871||43.43%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''5,106'''
|-
|92||[[Doddaballapur Assembly constituency|Doddaballapura]]||63.94%||G. Rame Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,196||75.34%||D. Pillegowda||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||10,086||20.99%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''26,110'''
|-
|93||[[Devanahalli Assembly constituency|Devanahalli]]||65.52%||M. R. Jayaram||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,211||53.36%||B. M. Krishnapppagowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||24,657||46.64%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,554'''
|-
|94||[[Hosakote Assembly constituency|Hoskote]]||68.53%||N. Chikke Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||40,227||80.22%||T. Kembarai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||6,937||13.83%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''33,290'''
|-
|95||[[Anekal Assembly constituency|Anekal]]||56.22%||M. B. Ramaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,891||52.85%||M. Muniswamaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||7,986||21.22%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,905'''
|-
|96||[[Nagamangala Assembly constituency|Nagamangala]]||61.60%||T. N. Madappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,729||57.74%||H. T. Krishnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,365||35.88%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,364'''
|-
|97||[[Maddur Assembly constituency|Maddur]]||72.14%||A. D. Bili Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,550||48.54%||M. Manchegowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,458||41.33%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,092'''
|-
|98||[[Kirugavalu Assembly constituency|Kirugavalu]]||75.34%||[[G. Made Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||25,829||51.05%||K. N. Nagegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,819||47.08%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,010'''
|-
|99||[[Malavalli Assembly constituency|Malavalli]]||60.19%||M. Malikarjnna Swamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,231||64.06%||D. Rudraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,717||35.94%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,514'''
|-
|100||[[Mandya Assembly constituency|Mandya]]||64.30%||M. H. Borauiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,552||49.30%||K. V. Shankara Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||28,405||49.05%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''147'''
|-
|101||[[Shrirangapattana Assembly constituency|Srirangapatna]]||64.43%||Damayanthi Bore Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,965||46.71%||A. C. Srikantaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||18,826||33.86%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,139'''
|-
|102||[[Pandavapura Assembly constituency|Pandavapura]]||75.17%||D. Halagegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,900||70.89%||K. M. Kengegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,156||29.11%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''21,744'''
|-
|103||[[Krishnarajpete Assembly constituency|Krishnarajapet]]||66.08%||S. M. Lnigappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,424||65.63%||M. K. Bommognoa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,410||34.37%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,014'''
|-
|104||[[Hanur Assembly constituency|Hanur]]||74.84%||R. Rache Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,887||54.14%||H. N. A. Appa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,930||45.86%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,957'''
|-
|105||[[Kollegal Assembly constituency|Kollegal]]||54.22%||M. Siddamadaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,455||56.63%||R. Bharanaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,667||36.07%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,788'''
|-
|106||[[Bannur Assembly constituency|Bannur]]||68.82%||K. Made Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,880||49.33%||T. P. Boraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,809||46.92%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,071'''
|-
|107||[[T. Narasipur Assembly constituency|T Narsipur]]||69.96%||[[M. Rajasekara Murthy]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||24,002||53.44%||K. Kempeere Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,178||44.93%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''3,824'''
|-
|108||[[Krishnaraja Assembly constituency|Krishnaraja]]||50.39%||D. Suryanarayana||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,150||44.04%||H. Gangadharan||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||5,994||18.66%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,156'''
|-
|109||[[Narasimharaja Assembly constituency|Narasimharaja]]||44.47%||[[Azeez Sait]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,784||64.19%||A. Ramanna||{{party name with color|Janata Paksha Party}}||5,454||19.68%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,330'''
|-
|110||[[Chamundeshwari Assembly constituency|Chamundeshwari]]||56.95%||[[Kalastavadi Puttaswamy]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,981||55.74%||K. Javare Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,849||28.82%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,132'''
|-
|111||[[Nanjangud Assembly constituency|Nanjangud]]||58.36%||K. B. Shivaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,334||48.16%||Slrikantaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,212||27.16%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,122'''
|-
|112||[[Biligere Assembly constituency|Biligere]]||60.09%||N. S. Gurusiddappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||17,105||47.34%||M. Krishnaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,540||45.78%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''565'''
|-
|113||[[Santhemarahalli Assembly constituency|Santhemarahalli]]||45.14%||K. Siddaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,769||57.00%||B. Baavanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,112||31.31%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,657'''
|-
|114||[[Chamarajanagar Assembly constituency|Chamarajanagar]]||74.38%||S. Puttaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,218||50.43%||M. C. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||22,764||47.40%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,454'''
|-
|115||[[Gundlupet Assembly constituency|Gundlupet]]||70.73%||[[K. S. Nagarathnamma]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,055||59.74%||B. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,255||40.26%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,800'''
|-
|116||[[Heggadadevankote Assembly constituency|Heggadadevanakote]]||62.34%||R. Peeranna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,859||51.45%||H. B. Chaluvaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,628||48.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,231'''
|-
|117||[[Hunasuru Assembly constituency|Hunsur]]||66.24%||U. Kariyappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,711||51.53%||H. Hombe Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,960||23.97%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,751'''
|-
|118||[[Krishnarajanagara Assembly constituency|Krishnarajanagar]]||65.62%||H. B. Kenche Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,604||37.87%||H. L. Thimmegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,526||25.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,078'''
|-
|119||[[Periyapatna Assembly constituency|Periyapatna]]||69.88%||H. M. Channabasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,027||55.81%||K. P. Kariyappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,611||44.19%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,416'''
|-
|120||[[Virajpet Assembly constituency|Virajpet]]||50.24%||G. K. Subhaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,023||63.71%||N. Lokayya Naik||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||10,866||34.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,157'''
|-
|121||[[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]]||55.02%||A. M. Bellaippa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,442||60.28%||D. A. Chinnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,109||20.00%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,333'''
|-
|122||[[Somwarpet Assembly constituency|Somwarpet]]||59.65%||[[R. Gundu Rao]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,448||56.24%||C. K. Kalappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,489||32.35%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,959'''
|-
|123||[[Belur Assembly constituency|Belur]]||52.88%||S. H. Puttaranganath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,283||59.52%||B. H. Lakshmanaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,068||36.03%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,215'''
|-
|124||[[Arsikere Assembly constituency|Arsikere]]||68.03%||H. S. Siddappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||23,026||47.77%||Gangadharappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,925||45.49%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,101'''
|-
|125||[[Gandasi Assembly constituency|Gandasi]]||58.98%||M. Nanje Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,502||38.78%||B. Nanjappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,781||23.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,721'''
|-
|126||[[Shravanabelagola Assembly constituency|Shravanabelagola]]||66.75%||[[H. C. Srikantaiah]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,308||60.70%||Sakuntalamma||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,174||36.40%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''12,134'''
|-
|127||[[Holenarasipur Assembly constituency|Holenarasipur]]||76.75%||[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||26,639||53.80%||K. Kumaraswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,475||41.35%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''6,164'''
|-
|128||[[Arkalgud Assembly constituency|Arkalgud]]||65.44%||[[H. N. Nanje Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,441||57.19%||K. B. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,251||19.31%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,190'''
|-
|129||[[Hassan Assembly constituency|Hassan]]||56.23%||K. H. Hanume Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||20,464||49.89%||G. A. Thimmappagowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,083||44.08%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,381'''
|-
|130||[[Sakleshpur Assembly constituency|Sakleshpur]]||60.68%||K. M. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,233||63.17%||M. N. Venkataramana||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,046||23.30%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''17,187'''
|-
|131||[[Sullia Assembly constituency|Sullia]]||57.71%||P. D. Bangera||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,089||63.02%||Mundara||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,802||32.21%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,287'''
|-
|132||[[Puttur Assembly constituency|Puttur]]||68.99%||[[A. Shanker Alva]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,630||56.42%||K. Rama Bhat||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||15,695||29.89%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,935'''
|-
|133||[[Belthangady Assembly constituency|Belthangady]]||68.85%||K. Subramanya Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,126||57.97%||K. Chidananda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,004||19.23%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,122'''
|-
|134||[[Bantval Assembly constituency|Bantwal]]||68.43%||[[B. V. Kakkilaya]]||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||30,031||62.51%||A. Rukmayya Poojari||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,762||24.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India}}"|'''18,269'''
|-
|135||[[Mangalore City Assembly constituency|Mangalore I]]||70.10%||Addy Saldanha||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,994||49.74%||C. G. Kamath||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||8,476||19.17%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,518'''
|-
|136||[[Ullal Assembly constituency|Mangalore II]]||71.37%||U. T. Fareed||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,048||53.79%||A. Krishna Shetty||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||14,383||25.75%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,665'''
|-
|137||[[Surathkal Assembly constituency|Surathkal]]||66.57%||[[B. Subbayya Shetty]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,720||64.30%||Rathankumar Kattemar||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||6,148||14.26%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''21,572'''
|-
|138||[[Kapu Assembly constituency|Kaup]]||70.32%||B. Bhaskar Shetty||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,358||62.26%||K. Muddu Suvarna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,504||33.16%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,854'''
|-
|139||[[Udupi Assembly constituency|Udupi]]||76.12%||[[Manorama Madhwaraj]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,020||58.49%||[[V. S. Acharya]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,076||24.90%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,944'''
|-
|140||[[Brahmavar Assembly constituency|Brahmavar]]||64.62%||Jayaprakash S. Kolkebail||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,421||58.28%||M. M. Hegde||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||7,846||20.39%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,575'''
|-
|141||[[Kundapura Assembly constituency|Kundapura]]||64.57%||Winnifged. E. Fernandes||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,776||48.05%||Sanjeeva Shetty||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,954||43.38%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,822'''
|-
|142||[[Byndoor Assembly constituency|Byndoor]]||52.59%||A. G. Kodgi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,496||71.79%||D. Ganapayya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,104||14.86%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''23,392'''
|-
|143||[[Karkala Assembly constituency|Karkala]]||63.26%||[[Veerappa Moily]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,360||67.73%||Sunder Hegde||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||5,224||13.95%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''20,136'''
|-
|144||[[Moodabidri Assembly constituency|Moodabidri]]||71.19%||Damodar Moolki||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,121||64.94%||[[K. Amarnath Shetty]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,727||32.90%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,394'''
|-
|145||[[Sringeri Assembly constituency|Sringeri]]||70.62%||K. N. Veerappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,807||56.98%||H. V. Srikanta Bhatta||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||10,226||22.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,581'''
|-
|146||[[Mudigere Assembly constituency|Mudigere]]||52.37%||G. Puttuswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,425||86.92%||B. M. Shamanaika||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||3,676||13.08%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''20,749'''
|-
|147||[[Chikmagalur Assembly constituency|Chikmagalur]]||52.16%||E. E. Vaz||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,288||65.15%||C. R. Shivananda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||7,528||23.04%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,760'''
|-
|148||[[Birur Assembly constituency|Birur]]||64.07%||M. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,333||53.42%||N. K. Huchappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,729||46.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,604'''
|-
|149||[[Kadur Assembly constituency|Kadur]]||60.86%||K. R. Honnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,558||43.34%||K. M. Thammaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,131||28.22%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,427'''
|-
|150||[[Tarikere Assembly constituency|Tarikere]]||65.78%||Hanji Shivanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,628||35.95%||H. R. Basavaraju||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,890||23.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,738'''
|-
|151||[[Channagiri Assembly constituency|Channagiri]]||61.62%||N. G. Halappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,097||54.46%||D. M. Raghavappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,677||37.54%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,420'''
|-
|152||[[Bhadravati Assembly constituency|Bhadravathi]]||67.38%||Abdul Khuddus Anwar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,527||42.79%||K. M. Javaraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,987||39.99%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,540'''
|-
|153||[[Honnali Assembly constituency|Honnali]]||65.71%||H. B. Kadasiddappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||34,803||69.29%||D. Parameswarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,423||30.71%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''19,380'''
|-
|154||[[Shimoga Assembly constituency|Shimoga]]||61.72%||A. B. B. Narayanaiyengar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,889||58.82%||Y. R. Parameshwarappa||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||12,630||24.05%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,259'''
|-
|155||[[Tirthahalli Assembly constituency|Thirthahalli]]||67.76%||Konandur Lingappa||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||15,425||36.72%||K. T. Danamma||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,859||30.61%||style="background:{{party colour|Samyukta Socialist Party}}"|'''2,566'''
|-
|156||[[Hosanagar Assembly constituency|Hosanagar]]||68.62%||Sheernaly Chandrashekar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,158||41.69%||B. Swamy Rao||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||15,043||36.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,115'''
|-
|157||[[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar]]||70.15%||[[Kagodu Thimmappa]]||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||16,694||57.74%||L. T. Toimmappa Hegde||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,477||39.70%||style="background:{{party colour|Samyukta Socialist Party}}"|'''5,217'''
|-
|158||[[Soraba Assembly constituency|Soraba]]||77.81%||[[Sarekoppa Bangarappa]]||{{party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}||22,537||46.08%||R. C. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,243||31.16%||style="background:{{party colour|Samyukta Socialist Party}}"|'''7,294'''
|-
|159||[[Shikaripura Assembly constituency|Shikaripura]]||59.27%||K. Yenkatappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,156||69.30%||E. P. Chandya Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,092||21.44%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,064'''
|-
|160||[[Sirsi Assembly constituency|Sirsi]]||59.88%||[[M. H. Jayaprakashanarayan]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,373||66.20%||Borkar Umakant Buddu||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||12,444||33.80%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,929'''
|-
|161||[[Bhatkal Assembly constituency|Bhatkal]]||61.94%||S. M. Yahya Siddika Umar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,751||55.94%||Madev Bin Rama Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,074||34.60%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,677'''
|-
|162||[[Kumta Assembly constituency|Kumta]]||63.93%||Sitaram Vasudev Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,698||55.98%||Ramachandra. S. Bhagwat||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,088||36.34%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,610'''
|-
|163||[[Ankola Assembly constituency|Ankola]]||57.12%||R. K. Mahabaleshwar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,241||41.80%||V. K. Ramakant Narvekar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,667||25.44%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,574'''
|-
|164||[[Karwar Assembly constituency|Karwar]]||60.40%||Kadam Balsu Purso||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,195||51.28%||Krishnapur Charu Demu||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||8,084||21.59%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,111'''
|-
|165||[[Haliyal Assembly constituency|Haliyal]]||60.22%||Ghadi Virupaksh Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,086||61.59%||Patil Maruti Jakkappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,122||21.54%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,964'''
|-
|166||[[Dharwad Rural Assembly constituency|Dharwad Rural]]||57.14%||M. Sumatibalachandra||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,710||70.37%||V. L. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||7,392||22.91%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,318'''
|-
|167||[[Dharwad Assembly constituency|Dharwad]]||65.82%||[[D. K. Naikar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,653||51.62%||P. Y. Shankaragouda||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||10,117||28.00%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,536'''
|-
|168||[[Hubli City Assembly constituency|Hubli City]]||69.16%||Sanadi Imam Goususaheb||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,741||57.51%||S. S. Shivamurteppa||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||16,432||38.20%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,309'''
|-
|169||[[Hubli Rural Assembly constituency|Hubli Rural]]||69.14%||G. Rangaswamy Sandra||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,745||60.05%||Wali Rachappa Gangappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,515||22.76%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''17,230'''
|-
|170||[[Kalghatgi Assembly constituency|Kalghatgi]]||67.58%||P. G. Channappagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,708||51.94%||Fakiragouda Shivanagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,259||45.14%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,449'''
|-
|171||[[Kundgol Assembly constituency|Kundgol]]||78.85%||R. V. Rangangowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,694||60.67%||B. S. Rayappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,659||39.33%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,035'''
|-
|172||[[Shiggaon Assembly constituency|Shiggaon]]||62.08%||Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,799||48.79%||P. B. Hanmantgouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,270||40.10%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,529'''
|-
|173||[[Hangal Assembly constituency|Hangal]]||73.42%||S. P. Chandrashekharappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,348||65.59%||S. M. Shivalingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,002||31.39%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,346'''
|-
|174||[[Hirekerur Assembly constituency|Hirekerur]]||77.75%||B. B. Gadlappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,205||53.15%||G. S. R. Basalingappagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||24,529||46.22%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,676'''
|-
|175||[[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranibennur]]||72.85%||[[K. B. Koliwad]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,540||61.00%||B. C. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,043||36.43%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,497'''
|-
|176||[[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Byadgi]]||73.59%||K. F. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,792||47.66%||H. R. Kalineerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,419||29.91%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,373'''
|-
|177||[[Haveri Assembly constituency|Haveri]]||66.67%||Taware Fakirappa Shiddappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,061||57.16%||S. M. Danappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,650||35.70%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,411'''
|-
|178||[[Shirahatti Assembly constituency|Shirhatti]]||71.38%||W. V. Vadirajcharya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,314||45.28%||K. S. Veeraiah||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||9,797||20.81%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,517'''
|-
|179||[[Mundargi Assembly constituency|Mundargi]]||70.77%||Kurudigi Kuberappa Hanamantappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,054||60.46%||R. G. Gulappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||16,993||36.62%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,061'''
|-
|180||[[Gadag Assembly constituency|Gadag]]||78.80%||P. K. Hanamanta Gouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,638||54.19%||M. V. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||22,709||41.52%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,929'''
|-
|181||[[Ron Assembly constituency|Ron]]||62.60%||A. V. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,567||58.59%||N. Basayya Pujal||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,121||37.38%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,446'''
|-
|182||[[Nargund Assembly constituency|Nargund]]||59.31%||J. Y. Venkappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,070||60.05%||Bhaskar Mudiyappa Pujar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,350||39.95%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,720'''
|-
|183||[[Navalgund Assembly constituency|Navalgund]]||77.95%||K. M. Karaveerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,716||51.31%||R. M. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,594||46.30%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''2,122'''
|-
|184||[[Ramdurg Assembly constituency|Ramdurg]]||62.95%||R. S. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,968||57.93%||Sharadaua W/o. M. Pattan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,409||34.83%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,559'''
|-
|185||[[Parasgad Assembly constituency|Parasgad]]||70.67%||Padaki Shankarrao Bindurao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,810||64.51%||T. R. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,001||34.48%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,809'''
|-
|186||[[Bailhongal Assembly constituency|Bailhongal]]||74.30%||P. B. Arvbali Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||23,655||52.07%||B. R. Chanabasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,775||47.93%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,880'''
|-
|187||[[Kittur Assembly constituency|Kittur]]||78.87%||[[D. B. Inamdar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||27,299||54.68%||S. S. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,625||45.32%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''4,674'''
|-
|188||[[Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]||64.03%||S. N. Bhagvantrao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,081||55.50%||B. B. Veerabhadrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,674||25.67%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''12,407'''
|-
|189||[[Belagavi City Assembly constituency|Belgaum]]||76.95%||Sw. B. Annappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||24,814||45.11%||P. R. Bhimarao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,783||25.06%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''11,031'''
|-
|190||[[Uchagaon Assembly constituency|Uchagaon]]||55.22%||Pawashe Prabhakar Anapa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,916||38.09%||K. M. Basavaneppa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,727||29.36%||style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''3,189'''
|-
|191||[[Hire Bagewadi Assembly constituency|Hire Bagewadi]]||63.78%||S. A. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,621||38.57%||M. B. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||10,362||25.58%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,259'''
|-
|192||[[Gokak Assembly constituency|Gokak]]||65.27%||G. C. Tammanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,005||66.26%||B. M. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||11,144||26.37%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,861'''
|-
|193||[[Arabhavi Assembly constituency|Arbhavi]]||51.97%||Koujalgi Veeranna Shivalingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,362||61.85%||Pujeri Ningayya Sangayya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,934||25.87%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,428'''
|-
|194||[[Hukkeri Assembly constituency|Hukeri]]||63.82%||Virupaxappa Basappa Nooli||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,079||48.22%||S. H. Utubuddi Peepzade||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,629||44.55%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''1,450'''
|-
|195||[[Sankeshwar Assembly constituency|Sankeshwar]]||73.32%||Lalagouda Balagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,756||55.23%||S. Satagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,253||44.77%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,503'''
|-
|196||[[Nippani Assembly constituency|Nipani]]||76.61%||K. R. Vithalrao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,494||58.56%||Balavant Gopal Chavan||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,950||38.95%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,544'''
|-
|197||[[Sadalga Assembly constituency|Sadalga]]||66.42%||A. J. Sripal||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,857||82.37%||V. B. Bashetteppa||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||6,842||15.72%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''29,015'''
|-
|198||[[Chikkodi Assembly constituency|Chikkodi]]||56.57%||Parashuram Padmanna Hegre||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,005||64.67%||Pandit Seetaram Bagewadi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||9,530||28.01%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,475'''
|-
|199||[[Raibag Assembly constituency|Raibag]]||71.31%||[[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,372||70.08%||Sidling Rama Bane||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,526||29.92%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''20,846'''
|-
|200||[[Kagwad Assembly constituency|Kagwad]]||47.34%||Kittur Ragunath Dhulappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,643||66.80%||Karale Laxman Bhimappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||8,718||29.65%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,925'''
|-
|201||[[Athani Assembly constituency|Athani]]||60.51%||Anandrao Appasaheb Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,532||60.93%||S. Virangoud Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,556||37.12%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,976'''
|-
|202||[[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency|Jamkhandi]]||66.45%||Bangi Pavadeppa Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,029||55.89%||A. G. Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||19,411||41.68%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,618'''
|-
|203||[[Bilgi Assembly constituency|Bilgi]]||62.41%||G. K. Maritammappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,216||59.78%||S. S. Shivasiddappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,867||37.62%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,349'''
|-
|204||[[Mudhol Assembly constituency|Mudhol]]||69.12%||N. K. Pandappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,851||55.53%||Hiralal Bandulal Shah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||21,040||43.51%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,811'''
|-
|205||[[Bagalkot Assembly constituency|Bagalkot]]||68.69%||Muranal Basappa Tammanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,900||47.77%||N. P. Mallanagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||23,688||47.34%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''212'''
|-
|206||[[Badami Assembly constituency|Badami]]||72.79%||Raosaheb Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,832||62.54%||P. K. Mahagundappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,086||35.82%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,746'''
|-
|207||[[Guledgud Assembly constituency|Guledgud]]||62.33%||G. P. Nanjayyanamath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,362||68.96%||Hatagar Bajirao Yamanappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||6,314||17.87%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,048'''
|-
|208||[[Hungund Assembly constituency|Hungund]]||62.90%||Nagaral Sangappa Balappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,128||63.78%||N. T. Basaraddeppa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||12,966||32.91%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,162'''
|-
|209||[[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]]||64.21%||S. M. Murigeppa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,778||40.32%||G. S. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,021||38.60%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''757'''
|-
|210||[[Huvina Hippargi Assembly constituency|Huvina Hipparagi]]||65.36%||K. D. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||18,331||57.97%||L. R. Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,855||40.66%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''5,476'''
|-
|211||[[Basavana Bagevadi Assembly constituency|Basavana Bagevadi]]||63.78%||Somanagouda Basanagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||23,061||56.94%||G. V. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,250||40.12%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''6,811'''
|-
|212||[[Tikota Assembly constituency|Tikota]]||55.67%||G. N. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||22,119||60.01%||Shivaram Adiveppa Jiddi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,156||38.41%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''7,963'''
|-
|213||[[Bijapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Bijapur]]||58.90%||K. T. Rathod||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,205||58.54%||Pantdit Vishnu Keshava||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||13,970||35.24%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,235'''
|-
|214||[[Ballolli Assembly constituency|Ballolli]]||47.41%||Kabade Jatteppa Laxman||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||15,537||52.16%||Hujure Baburao Rama||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,204||37.61%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''4,333'''
|-
|215||[[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi]]||56.55%||S. Mallappa Karbasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,517||49.64%||K. R. Ramagondappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||14,490||41.06%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,027'''
|-
|216||[[Sindagi Assembly constituency|Sindgi]]||52.29%||S. Y. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}||17,516||51.44%||M. H. Bekinalkar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,538||48.56%||style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}"|'''978'''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka elections}}

[[Category:1972 State Assembly elections in India|Mysore]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Government of Mysore]]

Chiranjeevi

2026-03-29T04:40:21Z

Gaurav: small changes

{{Short description|Indian actor and philanthropist (born 1955)}}
{{for-text|the immortals of Hindu mythology|[[Chiranjivi]]|other uses|[[Chiranjeevi (disambiguation)]]}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chiranjeevi
| image = Chiranjeevi at ANR Awards 2024 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Chiranjeevi in 2024
| birth_name = Konidela Sivasankara Varaprasad
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|08|22}}<ref name="states">{{cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/chiranjeevi/biography.html |title=Chiranjeevi Biography|website=Oneindia|access-date=27 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071538/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/chiranjeevi/biography.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mogalthur]], [[Andhra State]], India (present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], India)
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list |[[Sri Y N College]]| [[Madras Film Institute]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist| Actor|politician|television host}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Surekha|1980}}
| children = 3, including [[Ram Charan]]
| relatives = See [[Konidela–Allu family]]
| awards = {{ubl|[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2024)|[[Padma Bhushan]] (2006)|[[#Civilian honours|Full list]]}}
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 3 April 2012
| term_end2 = 2 April 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Raashid Alvi]]
| successor2 = [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
| party =
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] [[Praja Rajyam Party]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism]]
| term_start1 = 27 October 2012
| term_end1 = 26 May 2014
| primeminister1 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| predecessor1 = [[Subodh Kant Sahay]]
| successor1 = [[Shripad Yasso Naik]]
| office3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start3 = 2009
| term_end3 = 2012
| predecessor3 = M. Venkataramana
| successor3 = [[Bhumana Karunakar Reddy]]
| constituency3 = [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]
| website =
| nickname = {{hlist|''Mega Star''}}
}}

'''Konidela Chiranjeevi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|tʃ|ɪ|r|ə|n|ˈ|dʒ|iː|v|i}}; born '''Konidela Sivasankara Varaprasad'''; 22 August 1955) is an Indian actor, philanthropist and former politician known for his work in [[Telugu cinema]]. Known as ''Mega Star'', he is widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential actors in the history of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-20 |title=Chiranjeevi honoured with Indian Film Personality of the Year Award for 2022 at the 53rd IFFI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chiranjeevi-honoured-with-the-indian-film-personality-of-the-year-at-the-53rd-iffi/articleshow/95643674.cms |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |quote=He is regarded as one of the most successful and influential actors of Indian cinema.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Chiranjeevi awarded Padma Vibushan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiranjeevi-awarded-with-padma-vibushan-khushbu-sundar-mammootty-nani-celebs-congratulate-2493792-2024-01-26 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=India Today |language=en |quote=In a career spanning over four decades, Chiranjeevi is regarded as one of the most successful actors in Indian cinema.}}</ref> Chiranjeevi holds the record for the most "Industry Hits" in Telugu cinema, with eight films emerging as the top-grossers of their time—a feat unmatched by any actor in the industry's 100-year history.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=S. Hari Prasad |date=18 April 2024 |title=Most Industry hits telugu hero: కెరీర్లో ఎక్కువ ఇండస్ట్రీ హిట్స్ అందుకున్న తెలుగు హీరోలు వీళ్లే.. టాప్‌లో మెగాస్టార్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-hero-with-most-industry-hits-chiranjeevi-on-top-anr-ntr-prabhas-allu-arjun-balakrishna-in-the-list-121713439405225.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526124435/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-hero-with-most-industry-hits-chiranjeevi-on-top-anr-ntr-prabhas-allu-arjun-balakrishna-in-the-list-121713439405225.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=te}}</ref> He is also celebrated as one of the finest dancers in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-01-10 |title=Chiranjeevi and Shahid are best dancers: Prabhu Dheva |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shahid-kapoor-is-the-best-dancerprabhu-dheva/articleshow/28635308.cms |access-date=2024-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He has received numerous honours, including the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2006 and the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2024 from the [[Government of India]], as well as the [[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award]] in 2022. His other accolades include the [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]], three [[Nandi Awards]], and nine [[Filmfare Awards South]], including the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award]] and the [[Filmfare Special Award – South|Honorary Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/megastar-chiranjeevi-reacts-to-prestigious-padma-vibhushan-honor-truly-humbled/videoshow/107160081.cms|title=Megastar Chiranjeevi reacts to prestigious Padma Vibhushan honor: Truly Humbled | Etimes - Times of India Videos|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2013, [[CNN-News18|CNN-IBN]] recognized him as one of "the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema". In 2024, he was honoured with a [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] as the most prolific actor-dancer in the Indian film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhan |first=Echo |date=18 October 2024 |title=Chiranjeevi: Prolific megastar who shaped Indian cinema officially a record breaker |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/commercial/2024/10/chiranjeevi-prolific-megastar-who-shaped-indian-cinema-officially-a-record-breaker |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi made his acting debut in 1978, initially gaining recognition for his supporting, [[Antihero|anti-hero]], and antagonist roles. He later transitioned to lead roles with notable success. His breakthrough came with the 1983 film [[Khaidi (1983 film)|''Khaidi'']], which became the highest-grossing Telugu film at the time and established him as a leading star in the industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Sujatha |date=6 January 2017 |title=Chiranjeevi is back with Khaidi No 150: How the megastar came to rule the Telugu film industry |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-is-back-with-khaidi-no-150-how-the-megastar-came-to-rule-the-telugu-film-industry-3191112.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709045030/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-is-back-with-khaidi-no-150-how-the-megastar-came-to-rule-the-telugu-film-industry-3191112.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Chiranjeevi starred in various "Industry Hits"{{Em dash}}highest-grossers of all time{{Em dash}}like ''[[Pasivadi Pranam]]'' (1987), [[Yamudiki Mogudu (1988 film)|''Yamudiki Mogudu'']] (1988), ''[[Attaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu]]'' (1989), ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'' (1990), ''[[Gang Leader]]'' (1991), and ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'' (1992).<ref name=":5" /> Notably, ''Gharana Mogudu'' was the first [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] film to earn over {{Indian Rupee}}10 [[crore]] in [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributor share]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=10 April 2020 |title=28 Years for Gharana Mogudu: 4 fascinating things about the Chiranjeevi starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/28-years-for-gharana-mogudu-4-fascinating-things-about-the-chiranjeevi-starrer/photostory/75079293.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028104425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/28-years-for-gharana-mogudu-4-fascinating-things-about-the-chiranjeevi-starrer/photostory/75079293.cms |archive-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=Gharana Mogudu was a commercial success, and it went on to become the first South Indian film to collect over Rs 10 crore share at the box office. Chiranjeevi is probably the first hero in the history of Indian cinema to take Rs 1 crore remuneration for a film.}}</ref> prompting [[The Week (Indian magazine)|''The Week'']] magazine to label him "Bigger than [[Amitabh Bachchan|Bachchan]]" and "the new money machine."<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 1992 |title=A crore and more: Chiranjeevi, the new money machine of the movie world |url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/0gllr |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |pages=28, 29 |quote=If his popularity is astounding, the price he commands would make heads spin: the megastar has crashed through the one-crore barrier. While Amitabh Bachchan, who had Hindi filmdom at his feet for a decade, is paid Rs. 75 lakh for doing a film, Chiranjeevi gets almost double: a mind-boggling Rs. 1.25 crore. The only one who comes anywhere near the magic mark is Rajnikant, the Tamil superstar, who makes Rs. 1 crore.}}</ref>

For his role in ''[[Aapadbandhavudu]]'' (1992), Chiranjeevi was paid {{Indian Rupee}}1.25 crore, making him the highest-paid actor in India at the time and the first Indian actor to command a remuneration in excess of {{Indian Rupee}}1 crore for a film.<ref>
*{{Cite web |date=13 September 1992 |title=A crore and more: Chiranjeevi, the new money machine of the movie world |url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/0gllr |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |pages=28, 29 |quote=If his popularity is astounding, the price he commands would make heads spin: the megastar has crashed through the one-crore barrier. While Amitabh Bachchan, who had Hindi filmdom at his feet for a decade, is paid Rs. 75 lakh for doing a film, Chiranjeevi gets almost double: a mind-boggling Rs. 1.25 crore. The only one who comes anywhere near the magic mark is Rajnikant, the Tamil superstar, who makes Rs. 1 crore.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Nikam |first=Girish |date=31 August 1992 |title=Southern superstars Chiranjeevi, Rajnikant and Vijayashanti are paid more than Amitabh Bachchan or Sridevi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19920831-bachchans-and-sridevis-outstripped-by-chiranjeevi-and-rajnikanth-in-terms-of-earning-power-766809-2013-01-02 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |quote=Tamil actor Rajnikanth commands a staggering Rs 1 crore a film. If that's stupefying, then check out the Telugu superstar Chiranjeevi. His price? Rs 1.25 crore a film. Even Bachchan with his reported price of Rs 75 lakh can't give them a run for their money.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=26 January 2024 |title=This south star was first Indian actor to earn Rs 1 crore per film, years before Shah Rukh, Salman, Amitabh, Rajinikanth |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-first-indian-actor-to-earn-rs-1-crore-megastar-chiranjeevi-not-shah-rukh-khan-salman-amitabh-rajinikanth-3075789 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en |quote=Chiranjeevi had just become the highest-paid actor in India, charging a whopping Rs 1.25 crore for the Telugu film Aapadbandhavudu. This made him the first Indian actor to earn Rs 1 crore or more for a single film. Even Bachchan, the reigning king of box office, was charging under Rs 90 lakh per film at the time.}}
*{{Cite web |date=10 April 2020 |title=28 Years for Gharana Mogudu: 4 fascinating things about the Chiranjeevi starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/28-years-for-gharana-mogudu-4-fascinating-things-about-the-chiranjeevi-starrer/photostory/75079293.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028104425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/28-years-for-gharana-mogudu-4-fascinating-things-about-the-chiranjeevi-starrer/photostory/75079293.cms |archive-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=Gharana Mogudu was a commercial success, and it went on to become the first South Indian film to collect over Rs 10 crore share at the box office. Chiranjeevi is probably the first hero in the history of Indian cinema to take Rs 1 crore remuneration for a film.}}
*{{cite web |date=29 April 2016 |title=Chiranjeevi, the megastar who beat Big B as India's highest paid actor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/chiranjeevi-the-megastar-who-beat-big-b-as-the-highest-paid-actor/story-rIDYGZUtUgkNHYfnH2VDcM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203161513/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/chiranjeevi-the-megastar-who-beat-big-b-as-the-highest-paid-actor/story-rIDYGZUtUgkNHYfnH2VDcM.html |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> During this period, he received widespread critical acclaim for his performances in ''[[Swayamkrushi]]'' (1987) and [[Rudraveena (film)|''Rudraveena'']] (1988), showcasing his versatility as an actor who excelled in both commercially and critically acclaimed films. Notably, ''Swayamkrushi'' was screened at the [[Moscow International Film Festival]], while ''Rudraveena'', which he co-produced, won the [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]]. Following a series of unsuccessful ventures in the mid-1990s, Chiranjeevi made a comeback with ''[[Hitler (1997 film)|Hitler]]'' (1997) and continued to dominate the box office with films, including [[Master (1997 film)|''Master'']] (1997), ''[[Choodalani Vundi]]'' (1998), ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'' (1999), ''[[Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]'' (2000), ''[[Daddy (2001 film)|Daddy]]'' (2001), ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'' (2002), [[Tagore (film)|''Tagore'']] (2003), ''[[Shankar Dada M.B.B.S.]]'' (2004) and ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=4 April 1997 |title=The Southern Supernova |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/may/03chira.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412101326/http://www.rediff.com/movies/may/03chira.htm |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=చిరంజీవి బ్లాక్ బస్టర్ 'ఇంద్ర' సినిమాకు 18 ఏళ్లు.. సాధించిన రికార్డులు .. |trans-title=Chiranjeevi's blockbuster ''Indra'' completes 18 years. Box office records |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/megastar-chiranjeevi-b-goapl-aswani-dutt-block-bluster-indra-movie-completed-18-years-ta-561306-page-8.html |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=29 December 2006 |title=A few hits and many flops |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-few-hits-and-many-flops/article3231882.ece |access-date=23 June 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

On 2 October 1998, Chiranjeevi established the Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust, which operates the largest [[Blood bank|blood]] and [[Eye bank|eye banks]] in the [[Telugu states]]. The trust has restored eyesight to over 9,000 individuals through [[Corneal transplantation|cornea transplants]] and provides 79% of collected blood free to the poor.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Sekhar |first=Vineela |date=2024-01-26 |title=Megastar Chiranjeevi honoured with Padma Vibhushan |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/biography/megastar-chiranjeevi-honoured-with-padma-vibhushan-854112 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |quote=Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust (CCT) was founded on 2nd October 1998, the two major wings being the blood and eye banks. The Chiranjeevi Blood Bank Trust has collected over 9,30,000 units of blood over the years, and 79% of these blood units were given to the poor and oppressed free of cost. The remaining units were given to corporate hospitals at a nominal fee. The trust also collected 4,580 pairs of eyes, and 9,060 blind people benefited through a cornea transplant.}}</ref> It has received several accolades, including the "Best Voluntary Blood Bank Award" from the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for five consecutive years from 2002 to 2006.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2006-12-02 |title=Chiranjeevi Blood Bank bags award |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/chiranjeevi-blood-bank-bags-award-tamil-news-27427 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> In 2002, he was honoured with the Samman Award by the [[Income Tax Department]], for being the highest income tax payer in the profession category for the assessment year 1999–2000.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2024-08-22 |title=Chiranjeevi at 69: Megastar's turning point, a Rajinikanth connection and other interesting facts |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/chiranjeevi-at-69-megastars-turning-point-a-rajinikanth-connection-and-other-interesting-facts-on-his-birthday/articleshow/112698648.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

In 2008, Chiranjeevi founded the [[Praja Rajyam Party]] and led it in the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009 Andhra Pradesh elections]], where it won 18 seats and secured over 16% of the vote, making it the third-largest party in the state. The party merged with the [[Indian National Congress]] in 2011. Chiranjeevi served as a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] from 2012 to 2018 and was appointed [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]] in the [[Union Council of Ministers|central cabinet of India]] in October 2012, holding the position until May 2014. After a hiatus from cinema, he returned with the blockbuster ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'' (2017), followed by hugely successful films, ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]'' (2023) and ''[[Mana Shankara Varaprasad Garu]]'' (2026).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2017 |title=It's official! Chiranjeevi's Khaidi No 150 rakes in Rs 164 crore worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/khaidi-no-150-box-office-collection-chiranjeevi-964170-2017-03-06 |access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="budget">{{cite web | title=Rs 28 cr budget for Chiranjeevi’s Mana Shankara Vara Prasad Garu; it earned over Rs 300 cr globally, says director | date=23 January 2026 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/chiranjeevi-mana-shankara-vara-prasad-garu-rs-28-cr-budget-earns-rs-300-cr-box-office-anil-ravipudi-10490547/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=25 January 2026 }}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Chiranjeevi was born as Konidela Sivasankara Varaprasad Rao on 22 August 1955 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family to Konidela Venkata Rao and Anjana Devi in [[Penugonda|Mogalthur]], [[West Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/26/stories/2009032660200400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330000240/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/26/stories/2009032660200400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2009|title=Selam/: PR faces 'mega' dilemma!|date=26 March 2009|access-date=10 June 2011|website=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> His father Konidela Venkata Rao worked as a [[constable]] and was transferred on a regular basis. He spent his childhood in his native village with his grandparents.

Chiranjeevi did his schooling in [[Nidadavolu]], [[Gurazala]], [[Bapatla]], [[Ponnur]], [[Mangalagiri]] and Mogalthur. He was an [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]] cadet and had participated in the [[Republic Day]] [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Parade]] in New Delhi in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/chiranjeevi/biography.html|title=Chiranjeevi|work=Oneindia Entertainment|access-date=28 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071538/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/chiranjeevi/biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was interested in acting from a young age. He did his Intermediate at C. S. R. Sarma College in [[Ongole]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/11/stories/2009011153180400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126172915/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/11/stories/2009011153180400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2012|title=Nostalgic moments for Chiru|date=11 January 2009|access-date=10 June 2011|website=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> After graduating with a degree in commerce from [[Sri Y N College]] at [[Narasapuram|Narsapuram]], Chiranjeevi moved to [[Chennai]] and joined the [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute|Madras Film Institute]] in 1976 to pursue a career in acting.<ref name="birthday">{{cite web|last=D.|first=Murali Krishna|title=Many Happy Returns to Mega Star|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/33156.html|work=Indiaglitz.com|access-date=19 September 2010|archive-date=5 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305103628/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/33156.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 February 1980, Chiranjeevi married Surekha, the daughter of Telugu comic actor [[Allu Ramalingaiah]].<ref name="Marriage1980">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/chiranjeevi-surekha-celebrate-35th-wedding-anniversary-rare-unseen-pics-couple-photos-624022|title=Chiranjeevi-Surekha Celebrate 35th Wedding Anniversary; Rare and Unseen Pics of the Couple [Photos]|first=Anu|last=James|date=20 February 2015|website=International Business Times, India Edition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413224643/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/chiranjeevi-surekha-celebrate-35th-wedding-anniversary-rare-unseen-pics-couple-photos-624022|archive-date=13 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Surekha father">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/rare-and-unseen-wedding-photos-of-south-indian-stars-chiranjeevi-rajinikanth-mammootty-vijay-ajith-and-dhanush/353133|title=Rare and unseen wedding photos of South Indian stars Chiranjeevi, Rajinikanth, Mammootty, Vijay and Dhanush |website=timesnownews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413225036/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/rare-and-unseen-wedding-photos-of-south-indian-stars-chiranjeevi-rajinikanth-mammootty-vijay-ajith-and-dhanush/353133|archive-date=13 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> They have two daughters, Sushmitha and Sreeja, and a son, [[Ram Charan]], also an actor in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref name="Khaidi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/40932.html|title=Chiru celebrates decisive B'Day!|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=10 June 2011|archive-date=23 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023230103/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/40932.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Chiranjeevi has two brothers, [[Nagendra Babu]], a film producer and actor, and [[Pawan Kalyan]], an actor-politician who is [[Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] and founder of [[Jana Sena Party|Jana Sena]], a regional political party.<ref name="Khaidi" /> [[Allu Aravind]], his brother-in-law, is a film producer. Chiranjeevi is the uncle to actors [[Allu Arjun]], [[Allu Sirish]], [[Varun Tej]], [[Niharika Konidela|Niharika]], [[Sai Dharam Tej]], and [[Panja Vaisshnav Tej]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/10423.html|title=Double whammy for Chiru's fans|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=10 June 2011|archive-date=24 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024055208/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/10423.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Acting career==
===1978–1981: Early career===
Since his family worshipped Anjaneya ([[Hanuman]]), a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] deity, his mother advised him to take the screen name "[[Chiranjivi|Chiranjeevi]]", meaning "Immortal", a reference to the belief of Hanuman living forever.<ref name="intro">{{cite news|last=R.G.|first=Vijayasarathy|title=From superstar to a political leader|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18sschiru.htm|access-date=19 September 2010|work=Rediff.com|date=18 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929163747/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18sschiru.htm|archive-date=29 September 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi started his film career with ''[[Punadhirallu]]'' (1979).<ref name="bhushan" /> However, his first released film was ''[[Pranam Khareedu]]'' (1978).<ref name="first_film">{{cite web|title=Chiranjeevi—Live and let others live is the theme of his life|url=http://www.entireandhra.com/2013/07/baba-sehgal-shouts-on-mega-star.html|work=EntireAndhra.com|access-date=19 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101023918/http://www.entireandhra.com/2013/07/baba-sehgal-shouts-on-mega-star.html|archive-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chiranjeevi's debut |url=http://www.rediff.com/tags/punadi-rallu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516071029/http://www.rediff.com/tags/punadi-rallu |archive-date=16 May 2013 |access-date=21 April 2011 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> ''[[Mana Voori Pandavulu]]'' (1978), directed by [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]], gave Chiranjeevi recognition from the Telugu audience.<ref name="birthday" /> He played a small role in ''[[Tayaramma Bangarayya]]'' (1979). He played the anti-hero in films ''[[I Love You (1979 film)|I Love You]]'' (1979) and [[K. Balachander]]'s ''[[Idi Katha Kaadu]]'' (1979),<ref name="birthday" /> starring [[Kamal Haasan]].

In a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Avargal]]'' (1977), Chiranjeevi portrayed the character played by [[Rajinikanth]] in the original. In 1979, Chiranjeevi had eight major film releases and then 14 films in the following year.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Chiranjeevi – Filmography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0158112/#actor |publisher=IMDb |access-date=19 September 2010 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822031044/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0158112/#actor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.entireandhra.com/2013/01/chiru-targeted-charan-records.html |title=Ram Charan Teja to do a remake? |website=EntireAndhra.com |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=10 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101023707/http://www.entireandhra.com/2013/01/chiru-targeted-charan-records.html |archive-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> In 1981, he played lead antagonist in works such as ''Mosagadu'', ''[[Rani Kasula Rangamma]]'', ''[[47 Natkal]]'' /''[[47 Rojulu]]'', ''[[Nyayam Kavali]]'' and ''[[Ranuva Veeran]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/06/17/stories/2005061700010200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050709000706/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/06/17/stories/2005061700010200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2005 |title=Entertainment Chennai / Film Review : What women power? |date=17 June 2005 |access-date=10 June 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

=== 1982–1986: Breakthrough with leading roles ===
Chiranjeevi began to appear in leading roles with films such as {{Lang|te-latn|[[Intlo Ramayya Veedhilo Krishnayya]]}} (1982), directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]], which was a hit at the box office.<ref>''Intlo Ramayya Veedhilo Krishnayya''</ref> Later, he starred in ''[[Subhalekha]]'' (1982), directed by [[K. Viswanath]], which dealt with the social malady of the [[Dowry system in India|dowry system]]. It brought him his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] and Viswanath's third [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu]].<ref>[[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu)]]</ref><ref>[[Filmfare Best Director Award (Telugu)]]</ref> In 1982, he also appeared in movies such as ''[[Idi Pellantara]]'', ''[[Sitadevi]]'', ''[[Tingu Rangadu]]'', ''[[Bandhalu Anubandhalu]]'' and ''[[Mondi Ghatam]]''. He acted in multi-star movies such as ''[[Patnam Vachina Pativrathalu]]'' and ''Billa Ranga'', and later appeared in ''[[Manchu Pallaki]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0248168|title=Manchu Pallaki|date=19 November 1982|publisher=IMDb|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211034925/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0248168/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]]'' (1983) was a box office success and Chiranjeevi attained stardom with this movie.<ref name="intro"/> In 1984, he continued doing action films. A series of box office hits at this time include; ''[[Mantri Gari Viyyankudu]]'', ''[[Sangharshana]]'', ''[[Goonda (film)|Goonda]]'', ''[[Challenge (1984 film)|Challenge]]'', ''[[Hero (1984 film)|Hero]]'', ''[[Donga (film)|Donga]]'', ''Jwala'', ''[[Adavi Donga]]'', ''[[Kondaveeti Raja]]'', ''[[Rakshasudu (1986 film)|Rakshasudu]]''.<ref name="dob">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/22002.html |title=Topper of Vivekanandha collegePart – I – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=10 June 2011 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073531/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/22002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1985, he received his second [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] for his performance in ''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ|title=Collections|date=13 April 1991|publisher=Update Video Publication|via=Google Books|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203223423/http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="weekendcreations1">{{cite web |url=http://www.weekendcreations.com/tollywood_talk.php?talk_id=634 |title=Megastar Chiranjeevi's Hits And Flops |website=Weekendcreations.com |access-date=4 May 2011 |archive-date=21 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221012013/http://www.weekendcreations.com/tollywood_talk.php?talk_id=634 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===1987–2007: Commercial success===
Chiranjeevi received his first [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for ''[[Swayamkrushi]]'' (1987), directed by K. Viswanath.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiranjeevi felicitation on Padma Bhushan honor – Telugu Cinema actor |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/chiranjeevi-felicitation.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115444/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/chiranjeevi-felicitation.html |archive-date=24 November 2020 |work=idlebrain.com}}</ref> ''[[Pasivadi Pranam]]'' (1987), ''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (1988 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]'' (1988) and ''[[Manchi Donga]]'' (1988) also did well at the box office. He co-produced and acted in ''[[Rudraveena (film)|Rudraveena]]'' (1988), which won the [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]],<ref name="rve">{{cite news |last=Suresh Krishnamoorthy |date=18 August 2008 |title=From reel to real life |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/18/stories/2008081859490400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916222222/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/18/stories/2008081859490400.htm |archive-date=16 September 2008 |access-date=10 June 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]] |location=}}</ref> and the [[Nandi Special Jury Award]].<ref name="rve" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Govardhan |first=Maragani |date=13 January 2023 |title=బాలయ్య-చిరంజీవి నిజమైన సంక్రాంతి హీరో ఎవరు? 11 సార్లు బరిలో దిగితే పందెం గెలిచింది ఎవరు? |trans-title=Balakrishna vs Chiranjeevi: Who is Balayya-Chiranjeevi the real Sankranti hero? Who will win the bet 11 times? |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-vs-balakrishna-which-hero-got-more-successes-in-sankranti-season-121673589188275.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113072323/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-vs-balakrishna-which-hero-got-more-successes-in-sankranti-season-121673589188275.html |archive-date=13 January 2023 |access-date=13 January 2023 |work=Hindustan Times Telugu}}</ref> The title "Megastar" appeared for the first time in the title cards of the 1988 release ''[[Marana Mrudangam]]'', marking its association with Chiranjeevi.<ref name="rve" /> During the shoot of ''Marana Mrudangam'', Chiranjeevi was poisoned by a fan who attempted to get closer to him.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-23 |title=Chiranjeevi పై అప్పట్లో విషప్రయోగం చేయించిందెవరు? |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2022/oldies/chiranjeevi-was-attacked-by-poisoning-in-1988-krkkmrgschitrajyothy-32781.html |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Chitra Jyothy |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothy]] |language=te}}</ref> The incident was recalled by Chiranjeevi in 2023, who took it lightly as an act of misguided admiration.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=నిజమే.. 'మరణ మృదంగం' టైంలో విష ప్రయోగం జరిగింది: చిరంజీవి |url=https://vidhaatha.com/latest/chiranjeevi-about-poison-10548 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Vidhaatha |language=te}}</ref>

He then experimented with ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'' (1990), a [[fantasy film]] directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] and produced by [[C. Aswani Dutt|Aswini Dutt]]. Other notable works during this period include ''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]'' (1990), released in [[70 mm film|70 mm]] format with 6-Track [[stereophonic sound]], the [[Western film|cowboy film]] ''[[Kodama Simham]]'' (1990), and the social problem [[action film]] ''[[Gang Leader]]'' (1991). These films were major box-office successes and established Chiranjeevi as the "Boss of Telugu cinema".<ref name="gang_leader">{{cite news |last=Gopalan |first=Krishna |title=Southern movie stars & politics: A long love affair |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-of-bollywood/southern-movie-stars-politics-a-long-love-affair/articleshow/3424194.cms |access-date=19 September 2010 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=30 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829174116/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-of-bollywood/southern-movie-stars-politics-a-long-love-affair/articleshow/3424194.cms |archive-date=29 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 1992 film ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'' was the first South Indian and Telugu film to collect over {{Indian Rupee}}10 [[crore]] in [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributor share]] at the box office.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite news |date=17 August 2012 |title=First Telugu film to gross 100 million |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/first-telugu-film-to-gross-rs-100-million/articleshow/15529887.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404140102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/first-telugu-film-to-gross-rs-100-million/articleshow/15529887.cms |archive-date=4 April 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> The film was screened at the 1993 [[International Film Festival of India]] in the mainstream section.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10–20 January 1993 |title=International Film Festival of India 1993 |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm24IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=24IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134803/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm24IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=24IIFA.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2016 |publisher=The Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi's [[Bollywood]] performances were appreciated in ''[[Pratibandh]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2627|title=Telugu Film Khaidi No.150 Has 8th Highest Opening Day in India |publisher=Box Office India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806145445/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2627|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[Aaj Ka Goonda Raaj]]''. For his role in ''[[Aapadbandhavudu]]'' (1992), he received his second [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] and third [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]]. The mid-1990s saw a career dip for Chiranjeevi with box office duds such as ''[[S. P. Parasuram]]'', [[The Gentleman (1994 film)|''The Gentleman'']], [[Big Boss (film)|''Big Boss'']] and ''[[Rikshavodu]]''. There were exceptions, such as ''[[Muta Mestri]]'', which fetched him a fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu; ''[[Mugguru Monagallu (1994 film)|Mugguru Monagallu]]'' and ''[[Alluda Majaka]]'' were also successful.<ref name="weekendcreations1" /> In 1996, he appeared in a guest role in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada film]] ''[[Sipayi]]''. After a brief lull, Chiranjeevi bounced back with ''[[Hitler (1997 film)|Hitler]]'', ''[[Master (1997 film)|Master]]'', ''[[Bavagaru Bagunnara?]]'', ''[[Choodalani Vundi]]'' and ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'', for which he received his fifth Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu. In 1999, Chiranjeevi was to appear in a Hollywood production directed by Dushan Garsi, and produced by Rameshkrishna Murthi. The Telugu version was directed by [[Suresh Krissna]]. The movie, which was titled ''The Return of the Thief of Baghdad'', had its filming suspended for undisclosed reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b833b268c|title=The Return of the Thief of Bagdad (1999)|website=BFI|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413224845/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b833b268c|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi's new decade started with ''[[Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]'' (2000). After a brief gap, Chiranjeevi starred in ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'', released in 2002, which broke all his previous box office records of [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]] and won him his third [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] and sixth Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu. After that, he appeared in films with an underlying message and a social cause, including ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]];'' ''[[Shankar Dada M.B.B.S.]]'', for which he won his seventh and latest Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu; and ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]''. He was awarded the [[Filmfare Special Award – South]] in 2006 and the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] at the [[58th Filmfare Awards South]] in 2011 for his contributions to the film industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmfare trivia: Chiranjeevi|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-trivia-chiranjeevi-3738.html|access-date=24 August 2021|website=filmfare.com|language=en|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824062126/https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-trivia-chiranjeevi-3738.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2008–2016: Hiatus in film career ===
[[File:The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism, Shri K. Chiranjeevi was accorded red carpet welcome at the Cannes Film Festival, France on May 20, 2013.jpg|thumb|Chiranjeevi, [[Vidya Balan]], and [[Ram Charan]] at "Incredible India" event in the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
Following his last film in the lead role, 2007's ''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]'', Chiranjeevi did not star in any film for approximately 10 years, during which he embarked on his political career. He was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembley in 2009, and then to the Rajya Sabha in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chiranjeevi resigns from AP Assembly membership|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chiranjeevi-resigns-from-ap-assembly-membership/article3257492.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2012-03-29|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref> In the [[2012 Indian cabinet reshuffle|2012 Indian Cabinet reshuffle]] he was made Minister of State for Tourism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cabinet reshuffle: Manmohan Singh's new team a mix of youth and experience|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-list-of-new-ministers-in-manmohan-cabinet-119824-2012-10-27|website=India Today|date=2012-10-28|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|last=PTI}}</ref> During these 10 years, his appearances in films were limited to [[Cameo appearance|cameo]] roles. He appeared as himself in two films, starring his son [[Ram Charan]], namely ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009) and ''[[Bruce Lee: The Fighter]]'' (2015). He also narrated ''[[Varudu]]'' (2010) and ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' (2015).

=== 2017–present: Comeback ===
From 2013 onwards, he was on the lookout for the right script to mark his comeback into cinema, in what would coincidentally happen to be his 150th film as an actor. A year following the release of the successful 2014 Tamil film ''[[Kaththi]]'', Chiranjeevi chose to remake that film in Telugu as his comeback film. The remake, titled ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'', directed by [[V. V. Vinayak]], was released during the [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]] holiday in 2017, about six months short of a decade following ''Shankar Dada Zindabad'', to positive reviews. Critics have singled out Chiranjeevi in particular, praising him for both his performance and appearance, especially following a decade of absence from cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2017 |title=Khaidi No 150 review roundup: Here's what critics have to say about the Chiranjeevi-starrer |website=International Business Times, India Edition |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-review-roundup-heres-what-critics-have-say-about-chiranjeevi-starrer-711948 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112060320/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-review-roundup-heres-what-critics-have-say-about-chiranjeevi-starrer-711948 |archive-date=12 January 2017 |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 January 2017|title=Khaidi No 150 2-day box office collection: Chiranjeevi's movie crosses Rs 70 crore mark on Thursday|work=IBTimes India|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-2-day-box-office-collection-chiranjeevis-movie-crosses-Rs-70-crore-mark-thursday-712102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114164239/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-2-day-box-office-collection-chiranjeevis-movie-crosses-Rs-70-crore-mark-thursday-712102|archive-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> The movie collected {{INR}}41.75 [[crore]] on its opening day<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2627|title=Telugu Film Khaidi No.150 Has 8th Highest Opening Day in India |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=27 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806145445/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2627|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and grossed {{INR}}164 crore in its lifetime.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 March 2017|title=Khaidi No 150 total worldwide box office collection: Chiranjeevi's movie grosses Rs 164 crore in 54 days|work=International Business Times|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-total-worldwide-box-office-collection-chiranjeevis-movie-grosses-rs-164-crore-54-718281|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404141633/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/khaidi-no-150-total-worldwide-box-office-collection-chiranjeevis-movie-grosses-rs-164-crore-54-718281|archive-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> In 2019, he starred in his first [[Historical drama|period film]] ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' based on the life of [[Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy]]; it was directed by [[Surender Reddy]]. The movie made on a budget more than {{INR}}200{{En dash}}270 crore,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy: Makers spent Rs 45 crore on VFX out of the total budget of Rs 270 crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-makers-spent-rs-45-crore-on-vfx-out-of-the-total-budget-of-rs-270-crore/articleshow/71145360.cms|access-date=24 August 2021|website=The Times of India|date=16 September 2019 |language=en|archive-date=4 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004123738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-makers-spent-rs-45-crore-on-vfx-out-of-the-total-budget-of-rs-270-crore/articleshow/71145360.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> grossed more than {{INRConvert|240|c|year=2017}} in its theatrical run.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=21 November 2019|title=Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy 50-day box office collection: Chiranjeevi film incurs over Rs 50 crore losses|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-50-day-box-office-collection-chiranjeevi-film-incurs-over-rs-50-crore-809063 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |access-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124101736/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-50-day-box-office-collection-chiranjeevi-film-incurs-over-rs-50-crore-809063|archive-date=24 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi had two releases in 2022. His first film was [[Acharya (2022 film)|''Acharya'']] directed by [[Koratala Siva]] co-starring Chiranjeevi's son [[Ram Charan]]. His second release was [[Godfather (2022 film)|''GodFather'']] directed by [[Mohan Raja]]. The film had [[Salman Khan]] in an extended cameo role and was largely successful. ''GodFather'' subsequently released on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Chiranjeevi's GodFather gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/chiranjeevi-salman-khan-godfather-gets-ott-release-date-8245286/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727160616/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/chiranjeevi-salman-khan-godfather-gets-ott-release-date-8245286/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Also in 2022, Chiranjeevi's performance as [[Batman]] in the song "Vana Gadiyaramlo" from ''[[Muta Mestri]]'' went vial, boosting global interest Chiranjeevi and in the performance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-19 |title=Chiranjeevi as Batman meme goes viral: 'I think I downloaded the wrong Batman movie' joke memers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chiranjeevi-as-batman-meme-goes-viral-i-think-i-downloaded-the-wrong-batman-movie-joke-memers/articleshow/90316679.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Chiranjeevi then starred in the 2023 film ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]'' directed by [[K. S. Ravindra|Bobby Kolli]] which released during the [[Sankranti]] festival. The film also starred [[Ravi Teja]] in an important role, reuniting them on screen after 23 years since the 2000 film [[Annayya (2000 film)|''Annayya'']]. The film met huge commercial success. ''Waltair Veerayya'' later released on Netflix for streaming.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=Chiranjeevi's Waltair Veerayya gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/chiranjeevis-waltair-veerayya-gets-ott-release-date-8430063/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727162118/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/chiranjeevis-waltair-veerayya-gets-ott-release-date-8430063/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, he also appeared in ''[[Bhola Shankar]]'', a remake of the 2015 Tamil blockbuster, ''[[Vedalam]]''. However, it opened to unanimously negative reviews and was a huge disaster at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2023 |title=Bholaa Shankar trailer out: Chiranjeevi oozes swag in action-packed avatar |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/bhola-shankar-trailer-out-chiranjeevi-oozes-swag-in-action-packed-avatar-2023-07-27-883370 |website=India TV News |location=New Delhi |language=en |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727160616/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/bhola-shankar-trailer-out-chiranjeevi-oozes-swag-in-action-packed-avatar-2023-07-27-883370 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He announced his next film, ''[[Vishwambhara]]'' (2025), with [[Mallidi Vassishta]] of ''[[Bimbisara (film)|Bimbisara]]'' (2022) fame.

==Other work==
Chiranjeevi is one of the co-owners of the [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chiranjeevi, Nagarjuna to co-own Sachin's Kerala Blasters |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/chiranjeevi-nagarjuna-to-coown-sachins-kerala-blasters/article8676707.ece |access-date=18 August 2019 |work=@businessline |date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022074502/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/chiranjeevi-nagarjuna-to-coown-sachins-kerala-blasters/article8676707.ece |archive-date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Television career ===
Chiranjeevi made his debut as a Television host with the fourth season of ''[[Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu]]''. The first episode of the fourth season was aired on 13 February 2017 on [[Star Maa]]. The game show is a Telugu-language adaptation of ''[[International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/tollywood-news-chiranjeevis-mek-4-pawan-kalyans-katamarayudu-ravi-tejas-raja-great-suriyas-714953|title=Tollywood news: Chiranjeevi's MEK 4, Pawan Kalyan's Katamarayudu, Ravi Teja's Raja The Great, Suriya's S3 create buzz [PHOTOS+VIDEO]|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210084234/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/tollywood-news-chiranjeevis-mek-4-pawan-kalyans-katamarayudu-ravi-tejas-raja-great-suriyas-714953|archive-date=10 February 2017}}</ref>

== Political career ==
In August 2008, Chiranjeevi launched his [[political party]], [[Praja Rajyam Party]], in [[Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/27/stories/2008082757380100.htm |title=Front Page : Chiranjeevi launches 'Praja Rajyam' |date=27 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103095058/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhrapradesh/tirupati-premiere-for-chiranjeevi-s-party/article1-333869.aspx |archive-date=3 November 2013 |website=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> At the launch, he stated that social justice was the main agenda of his party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tirupati premier for Chiranjeevi's party |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/tirupati-premiere-for-chiranjeevi-s-party/story-yspFbcSuKlcAayRLqRgpFN.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903231549/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Tirupati-premiere-for-Chiranjeevi-s-party/Article1-333869.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2012 }}</ref> In the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]], the party won 18 of the 294 seats and secured a vote share of over 16%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to The Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Statistical_Report_AP2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127214049/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Statistical_Report_AP2009.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="prp">{{cite news |date=7 February 2011 |title=Front Page : Praja Rajyam Party merges with Congress |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/07/stories/2011020756931200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210102214/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/07/stories/2011020756931200.htm |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=10 June 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> He contested from [[Tirupati (Assembly constituency)|Tirupati]] and [[Palakollu (Assembly constituency)|Palakollu]] constituencies winning in Tirupati but losing out in Palakollu, in West Godavari district.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 June 2009|title=Chiranjeevi starts a new role as Andhra MLA|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chiranjeevi-starts-a-new-role-as-andhra-mla/94086-37.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607081723/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chiranjeevi-starts-a-new-role-as-andhra-mla/94086-37.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 June 2009|access-date=15 October 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Dr. K. Chiranjeevi taking charge as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism, in New Delhi on November 01, 2012.jpg|thumb|Chiranjeevi taking charge as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism, in [[New Delhi]] in 2012]]On 6 February 2011, the Praja Rajyam Party merged with the [[Indian National Congress]] after two weeks of talks with Congress President [[Sonia Gandhi]].<ref name="prp" /><ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2011 |title=Front Page :Praja Rajyam merges with Congress |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/07/stories/2011020751460100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209174131/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/07/stories/2011020751460100.htm |archive-date=9 February 2011 |access-date=10 June 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The merger was influenced by the Congress party's concerns over a [[Motion of no confidence|no-confidence motion]] in the Andhra Pradesh state assembly, spurred by the rise of [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]'s [[YSR Congress Party]] and the ongoing [[Telangana movement|Telangana agitation]]. On 29 March 2012, Chiranjeevi was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]], where he was elected and took his oath as a member on 3 April. Later that year, on 28 October, he was sworn in as the Union [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism]].<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2012 |title=Seniors should make way for youngsters: Chiranjeevi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/oct/29/seniors-should-make-way-for-youngsters-chiranjeevi-419667.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519123729/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/oct/29/seniors-should-make-way-for-youngsters-chiranjeevi-419667.html |archive-date=19 May 2019 |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> In 2013, Chiranjeevi inaugurated the [[Incredible India]] Exhibition, a collaboration between the Ministry of Tourism and the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival|66th Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 May 2013 |title=Chiranjeevi to inaugurate Incredible India exhibition at Cannes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chiranjeevi-to-inaugurate-incredible-india-exhibition-at-cannes/articleshow/20151103.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914135150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Chiranjeevi-to-inaugurate-Incredible-India-exhibition-at-Cannes/articleshow/20151103.cms |archive-date=14 September 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 May 2013 |title=Chiranjeevi offers wide opportunities to foreign film producers in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chiranjeevi-offers-wide-opportunities-to-foreign-film-producers-in-india-113052100253_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205110009/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chiranjeevi-offers-wide-opportunities-to-foreign-film-producers-in-india-113052100253_1.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> He also represented Incredible India at the [[14th IIFA Awards|14th IIFA Awards ceremony]] held in [[Macau]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Information Bureau |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97064 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101024134/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97064 |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=11 August 2013 |work=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

After the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|split of the state of Andhra Pradesh]] leaving the residuary state with huge debt and little revenue in June 2014, most members of the Andhra Pradesh wing of Congress party left in protest.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 March 2014|title=Mass exodus of leaders leaves Congress high and dry in Seemandhra|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/mass-exodus-of-leaders-leaves-congress-high-and-dry-in-seemandhra-554354|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404142350/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/mass-exodus-of-leaders-leaves-congress-high-and-dry-in-seemandhra-554354|archive-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> Chiranjeevi, however, remained with Congress and campaigned for it as chairman of Election Campaign Committee for 2014 [[2014 Indian general election|parliamentary]] and [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|assembly]] elections in the residual state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. However, he refrained from contesting in elections.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 March 2014|title=Congress plays Chiranjeevi card|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-plays-chiranjeevi-card/article5815626.ece|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705170150/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-plays-chiranjeevi-card/article5815626.ece|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> There was also speculation that he did not campaign wholeheartedly due to the one-sided decision taken to split Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiranjeevi starts Election campaigning from Srikakulam |url=http://timesofap.com/politics/chiranjeevi-starts-election-campaigning-from-srikakulam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723005844/http://timesofap.com/politics/chiranjeevi-starts-election-campaigning-from-srikakulam.html |archive-date=23 July 2015 |access-date=22 July 2015 |work=Times of AP}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140428/nation-politics/article/congress-will-build-new-capital-chiranjeevi |title=Congress will build new capital: Chiranjeevi |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924151035/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140428/nation-politics/article/congress-will-build-new-capital-chiranjeevi |archive-date=24 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=11 April 2019 |title=Here's why Chiranjeevi declined to urge people to vote for Jana Sena or Congress |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/heres-why-chiranjeevi-declined-urge-people-vote-jana-sena-congress-795725 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=[[International Business Times|International Business Times India]] |language=en |quote=Congress lost its popularity after the bifurcation of the united Andhra Pradesh. Chiranjeevi refrained from contesting elections and did not campaign wholeheartedly for Congress. He was upset with the one-sided decision to split Andhra Pradesh. |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423124449/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/heres-why-chiranjeevi-declined-urge-people-vote-jana-sena-congress-795725 |url-status=live }}</ref> His younger brother, [[Pawan Kalyan]], a former Praja Rajyam Party youth wing leader, launched his own political party, [[Jana Sena Party]], and campaigned vigorously against Congress and in favour of [[Telugu Desam Party]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/General-Elections/2014-03-18/Will-Pawans-anti-congresss-campaign-pull-Chiranjeevi-down/89500 |title=Will Pawan Kalyan's Anti-Congress Campaign Pull Chiranjeevi Down – The Hans India |work=thehansindia.com|date=18 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404142654/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/General-Elections/2014-03-18/Will-Pawans-anti-congresss-campaign-pull-Chiranjeevi-down/89500 |archive-date=4 April 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the strong anti-Congress sentiment prevailing in Andhra Pradesh, its candidates were defeated in all parliamentary and state assembly seats of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-tdp-trs-win-seemandhra-and-telangana-assembly-polls/articleshow/35266757.cms |title=Election Results 2014: TDP, TRS win Seemandhra and Telangana assembly polls |work=timesofindia-economictimes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404174755/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-tdp-trs-win-seemandhra-and-telangana-assembly-polls/articleshow/35266757.cms |archive-date=4 April 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/election-results-2014-tdp-trs-win-seemandhra-telangana-assembly-polls-562515 |title=Election Results 2014: TDP, TRS Win Seemandhra, Telangana Assembly Polls |date=17 May 2014 |work=NDTV.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015759/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/election-results-2014-tdp-trs-win-seemandhra-telangana-assembly-polls-562515 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since the 2014 elections, he has stayed away from active politics and since then, has not attended any meetings of the Congress party, on a regional or national level. His tenure as a Rajya Sabha member ended in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 February 2018|title=Chiranjeevi To Say 'Goodbye' To Politics In April|work=The Hans India|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-02-26/Chiranjeevi-To-Say-Goodbye-To-Politics-In-April/361698|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404142929/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-02-26/Chiranjeevi-To-Say-Goodbye-To-Politics-In-April/361698|archive-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> Although he is currently not active in politics, he was issued with a new [[All India Congress Committee]] identity card in 2022 leading to the speculation of his political comeback.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A new ID card issued to Chiranjeevi by Cong High Command; Sailajanath reacts! |url=http://www.ap7am.com/lv-365958-a-new-id-card-issued-to-chiranjeevi-by-cong-high-command-sailajanath-reacts |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=ap7am.com |date=21 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023220414/https://www.ap7am.com/lv-365958-a-new-id-card-issued-to-chiranjeevi-by-cong-high-command-sailajanath-reacts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Will Megastar Chiranjeevi Attend Congress President Elections? |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/telangana/congress-president-elections-megastar-chiranjeevi-aicc-delegate-161475 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023075435/https://english.sakshi.com/news/telangana/congress-president-elections-megastar-chiranjeevi-aicc-delegate-161475 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiranjeevi Congress ID Card : మెగాస్టార్ మావాడే అంటున్న కాంగ్రెస్.. చిరంజీవి పేరుతో ఐడీ కార్డ్ రిలీజ్.. కారణం అదేనా |trans-title=...Megastar Mavade Congress. ID card release in Chiranjeevi's name. Is that the reason? |url=https://10tv.in/andhra-pradesh/congress-issues-delegate-id-card-in-the-name-of-megastar-chiranjeevi-498029.html |date=21 September 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023075429/https://10tv.in/andhra-pradesh/congress-issues-delegate-id-card-in-the-name-of-megastar-chiranjeevi-498029.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Humanitarian work ==
[[File:The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism, Dr. K. Chiranjeevi receiving the World Travel Awards, at a function, in New Delhi on December 13, 2012.jpg|thumb|Chiranjeevi at the World Travel Awards, 2012]]Chiranjeevi established the Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust (CCT) on 2 October 1998, with the motto that no one should lose their life due to a lack of blood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust - a noble deed by Megastar |url=https://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chiranjeevicharitabletrust.html |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> The trust includes a [[blood bank]] and an [[eye bank]] and is the largest recipient of blood and eye donations in Andhra Pradesh. As of September 2022, CCT has collected over 930,000 units of blood, with 70% of it provided to the poor free of charge.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-09-04 |title=Did you know why megastar Chiranjeevi founded blood bank? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-why-megastar-chiranjeevi-established-blood-bank/articleshow/93988225.cms |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It has restored eyesight to over 9,060 individuals through 4,580 cornea transplants, and more than 350,000 people have pledged their eyes to CCT.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Deaths due to blood shortage prompted Chiranjeevi to set up blood bank |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deaths-due-blood-shortage-prompted-chiranjeevi-set-blood-bank-1503107944.html |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chiranjeevi Eye Bank |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/top-stories/chiranjeevi-best-blood-bank-041207.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022114413/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/top-stories/chiranjeevi-best-blood-bank-041207.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 |access-date=21 April 2011 |website=Oneindia Entertainment}}</ref> The trust has received several accolades, including the "Best Voluntary Blood Bank Award" from the Andhra Pradesh State Government for five consecutive years from 2002 to 2006.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |date=5 December 2006 |title=Chiranjeevi Blood Bank receives State award |url=http://www.bharatwaves.com/news/Chiranjeevi-Blood-Bank-receives-State-award-3895.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613102307/http://www.bharatwaves.com/news/Chiranjeevi-Blood-Bank-receives-State-award-3895.html |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=21 April 2011 |website=Bharatwaves.com}}</ref>'''<ref>{{cite web |title=CCT Number one Blood Bank in AP |url=http://cherryfans.com/updates/news/cct-number-one.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908010333/http://cherryfans.com/updates/news/cct-number-one.html |archive-date=8 September 2011 |access-date=21 April 2011 |website=Cherryfans.com}}</ref>''' On 10 June 2006, the then [[President of India]], [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], inaugurated the Chiranjeevi Charitable Foundation (CCF) at [[Jubilee Hills]] in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 July 2006 |title=Dr. Abdul Kalam launches Chiranjeevi Charitable Foundation |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/launch-ccf.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923061051/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/launch-ccf.html |archive-date=23 September 2020 |access-date=22 July 2015 |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Chiranjeevi has supported the trust's activities through his earnings, including those from television commercials and promotions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2005 |title=Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starhomes/chiranjeevi/cct.html |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

After Chiranjeevi's entry into politics, actor couple [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] and [[Jeevitha]] made allegations against the Chiranjeevi Blood Bank, accusing it of engaging in financial irregularities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2010 |title=Did actor Chiranjeevi sell off his fans' blood? |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/did-chiranjeevi-sell-off-his-fans-blood/20100812.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006164343/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/did-chiranjeevi-sell-off-his-fans-blood/20100812.htm |archive-date=6 October 2020 |website=Rediff |language=en |quote=The allegations of "selling off blood" have been made against Chiranjeevi ever since he made his entry into politics.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=Jeevitha Rajasekhar salute Chiru Fans |url=https://www.cinejosh.com/news/2/9923/jeevitha-rajasekhar-salute-chiru-fans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404143146/https://www.cinejosh.com/news/2/9923/jeevitha-rajasekhar-salute-chiru-fans.html |archive-date=4 April 2021 |website=Cinejosh.com}}</ref> In response, the Andhra Pradesh state government formed a high-level committee to investigate the claims.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2010 |title=Panel set up to probe affairs of PRP chief's blood bank |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Panel-set-up-to-probe-affairs-of-PRP-chiefrsquos-blood-bank/article16143517.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404143315/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Panel-set-up-to-probe-affairs-of-PRP-chiefrsquos-blood-bank/article16143517.ece |archive-date=4 April 2021 |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The committee, guided by the project director of the AP State AIDS Control Society and composed of experts from finance and technical fields, thoroughly examined records related to blood collection and disposal, blood grouping, screening, sterilization, medical waste management, conducted camps, blood expiry, quality control, storage facilities, and equipment purchases. Following the investigation, the blood bank was cleared of any wrongdoing. Authorities confirmed that the blood bank operates in full compliance with the guidelines set by the [[National AIDS Control Organisation|National AIDS Control Organization]] (NACO).<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2010 |title=రాజశేఖర్ కు షాక్: చిరంజీవి బ్లడ్ బ్యాంక్ కు ప్రభుత్వం క్లీన్ చిట్ |url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/2010/10/26/clean-chit-chiru-blood-bank-261010.html |website=[[Oneindia]] |language=te}}</ref> In 2023, a Nampally court sentenced Rajasekhar and Jeevitha to one year in jail and imposed a fine of ₹5 lakh for their defamatory remarks against the blood bank. The couple, however, obtained bail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-19 |title=Rajasekhar, Jeevitha sentenced to 1 year jail in Allu Aravind defamation case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajasekhar-jeevitha-sentenced-to-1-year-jail-in-allu-aravind-defamation-case-2408581-2023-07-19 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2021, Chiranjeevi set up oxygen banks and ambulances<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hymavathi|first=Ravali|date=12 June 2021|title=Megastar Chiranjeevi Is All Set To Start An Ambulance Service Soon|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/megastar-chiranjeevi-is-all-set-to-start-an-ambulance-service-soon-690506|access-date=20 July 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720074711/https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/megastar-chiranjeevi-is-all-set-to-start-an-ambulance-service-soon-690506|url-status=live}}</ref> across Andhra Pradesh and [[Telangana]] to meet the needs of patients affected by [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Chiranjeevi sets up oxygen banks for COVID-19 patients in Andhra|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chiranjeevi-sets-oxygen-banks-covid-19-patients-andhra-149557|access-date=2 June 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220146/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chiranjeevi-sets-oxygen-banks-covid-19-patients-andhra-149557|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In February 2025, Chiranjeevi faced criticism following the remarks he made at the promotional event for the film ''[[Brahma Anandam]]''. During his speech, he commented on wishing for a male grandchild through his son [[Ram Charan]] to carry forward his family legacy and that he is scared that the couple might have another daughter. He said:

{{blockquote|When I'm at home, it doesn't feel like I'm surrounded by my granddaughters; it feels like I'm a ladies' hostel warden, surrounded by women all around. I keep wishing and telling Charan (his son and actor Ram Charan), at least this time, to have a boy so that our legacy continues, but his daughter is the apple of his eye,<ref name="tnm"/>}}

His comments drew backlash from sections of the public and commentators who described the remarks as sexist. The comments prompted criticism from activists and political figures, with calls for greater sensitivity in public discourse. Media reports noted that the remarks sparked widespread debate on gender bias and inheritance norms.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Chiranjeevi in soup over sexist remark at Brahma Anandam event
|work=NDTV
|date=February 2025
|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-in-soup-over-sexist-remark-scared-ram-charan-might-have-a-daughter-again-asked-him-for-a-son-7691536
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title='Have a boy so our legacy continues' remark draws flak from politicians, activists
|work=The Times of India
|date=February 2025
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/crass-sexist-chiranjeevis-have-boy-so-our-legacy-continues-remark-draws-flak-from-politicians-activists/articleshow/118180468.cms
}}</ref><ref name="tnm">{{cite news
|title=Actor Chiranjeevi criticised for sexist comments on needing a grandson
|work=The News Minute
|date=February 2025
|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/need-a-grandson-to-continue-legacy-actor-chiranjeevi-criticised-for-sexist-comments
}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Chiranjeevi filmography}}

== Awards, honours and recognitions ==
Director [[K. Balachander]] said, "Chiranjeevi has both [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Rajinikanth]] in him. Not only can he do action, he can also act."<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2000 |title='I love competition, even if it is my brother!' |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/sep/16chiru.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920022803/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/sep/16chiru.htm |archive-date=20 September 2020 |access-date= |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/chiranjeevi-was-invited-for-oscar-awards/articleshow/12247635.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Chiranjeevi was invited for Oscar Awards |date=13 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518114334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/Chiranjeevi-was-invited-for-Oscar-Awards/articleshow/12247635.cms |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chiranjeevi received the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian honour in India in the year 2006. In the same year, he was awarded an [[Honorary Doctorate]] by [[Andhra University]] for his contribution to films and his social service through the Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust.<ref name="rve" /> He is a nine-time winner of [[Filmfare Awards South]]<ref name="bhushan">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/22002.html |title=Padmabhushanudiki Mega Sanmanam Part – I – Telugu Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=10 June 2011 |archive-date=26 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926165345/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/22002.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rve" /> and a three-time winner of [[Nandi Awards]]. He was the first actor from South India to be invited to [[59th Academy Awards|the Oscars ceremony]] in 1987.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2012 |title=Chiranjeevi was invited for Oscar Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/Chiranjeevi-was-invited-for-Oscar-Awards/articleshow/12247635.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518114334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/Chiranjeevi-was-invited-for-Oscar-Awards/articleshow/12247635.cms |archive-date=18 May 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2013, [[CNN-News18|CNN-IBN]] recognized him as one of "the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema".<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Years of Cinema: The men who changed the face of Indian films |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217023206/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html |archive-date=17 February 2013 |work=IBN Live}}</ref> In 2014, he was awarded International Face of Indian Cinema at the [[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]] by [[Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Chiranjeevi-named-Face-of-Indian-Cinema/articleshow/42550043.cms |title=Chiranjeevi named Face of Indian Cinema |work=The Times of India|date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409232526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Chiranjeevi-named-Face-of-Indian-Cinema/articleshow/42550043.cms |archive-date=9 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, he was honoured with a [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] as the most prolific actor-dancer in the Indian film industry for performing more than 24,000 dance moves in 537 songs in 156 films in a career spanning over 45 years.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=2024-09-22 |title=Actor Chiranjeevi honoured with Guinness World Record |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/chiranjeevi-honoured-with-guinness-world-record/article68671582.ece |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Bhushan to Shri Konidala Chiranjeevi, a well known cine actor and philanthropist, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006.jpg|upright|thumb|250px|Chiranjeevi receiving [[Padma Bhushan]] from [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], the then [[President of India]] in 2006]]

=== Civilian honours ===
* 2006 – [[Padma Bhushan]] from the [[Government of India]]<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Padma Awards|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|access-date=21 July 2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|archive-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2024 – [[Padma Vibhushan]] from the [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title=Five from Telangana, three from A.P. in Padma awards list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/five-from-telangana-three-from-ap-in-padma-awards-list/article67777723.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126142520/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/five-from-telangana-three-from-ap-in-padma-awards-list/article67777723.ece |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title=Padma Awards 2024: Former VP Venkaiah Naidu, actor Chiranjeevi, dancer Vyjayanthimala honoured with Padma Vibhushan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/padma-awards-2024-former-vp-venkaiah-naidu-actor-chiranjeevi-dancer-vyjayanthimala-honoured-with-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/107154258.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126142629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/padma-awards-2024-former-vp-venkaiah-naidu-actor-chiranjeevi-dancer-vyjayanthimala-honoured-with-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/107154258.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===National honours===
*2022 – [[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award]]<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news |date=20 November 2022 |title=Chiranjeevi chosen 'Indian Film Personality of 2022' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/chiranjeevi-chosen-indian-film-personality-of-2022/article66161459.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121141736/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/chiranjeevi-chosen-indian-film-personality-of-2022/article66161459.ece |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022 |newspaper=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*2024 – [[ANR National Award]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-10-27 |title=Nagarjuna Akkineni: My father believed in cinema as entertainment, and Chiranjeevi's work is an affirmation of that |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagarjuna-akkineni-talks-about-chiranjeevi-being-bestowed-with-the-anr-award-and-his-films-coolie-kubera-and-more/article68799044.ece |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Amitabh Bachchan felicitates Chiranjeevi at ANR National Awards 2024: ‘Proud to be a part of Telugu film industry’">{{cite news |last1=Hindustantimes |title=Amitabh Bachchan felicitates Chiranjeevi at ANR National Awards 2024: 'Proud to be a part of Telugu film industry' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/amitabh-bachchan-felicitates-chiranjeevi-at-anr-national-awards-2024-proud-to-be-a-part-of-telugu-film-industry-101730123410210.html |access-date=28 October 2024 |date=28 October 2024}}</ref> He was given this by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] at the ceremony in October.<ref>{{Cite web |last=shivampatel1 |date=2024-10-29 |title=Chiranjeevi Honored with ANR Award by Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/chiranjeevi-honored-with-anr-award-by-amitabh-bachchan/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

===State honours===
*2016 – [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]] from the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2017|title=Chiranjeevi Responds Over Raghupathi Venkayya Award|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-11-15/Chiranjeevi-Responds-Over-Raghupathi-Venkayya-Award/339461|website=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=8 September 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222203403/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-11-15/Chiranjeevi-Responds-Over-Raghupathi-Venkayya-Award/339461|archive-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>

===Acting honours===
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Category
!Film
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1982
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|''[[Subhalekha]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Reed|first1=Sir Stanley|year=1984|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kh-2AAAAIAAJ&q=chiranjivi|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517090400/https://books.google.com/books?id=kh-2AAAAIAAJ&q=chiranjivi|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1985
|''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref name="Collections394">[[#Collections|Collections]], p 394</ref>
|-
|1992
|''[[Aapadbandhavudu]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/40thFilmfareSouthBestActorActress/40th%20Filmfare%20South%20Best%20Actor%20Actress.jpg |title=40th Filmfare South Best Actor Actress |format=JPG |website=Internet Archive}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|''[[Muta Mestri]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 May 2018|title=Filmfare Best Telugu Actor And Actress|url=http://archive.org/details/FilmfareBestTeluguActorAndActress|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180501125017/https://archive.org/details/FilmfareBestTeluguActorAndActress|archive-date=1 May 2018 |via=Internet Archive |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1999
|''[[Sneham Kosam]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/june2000/if3.html |title=Filmfare - Print Edition |date=June 2000 |website=downloads.movies.indiatimes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218224739/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/june2000/if3.html |archive-date=18 February 2014 |url-status=dead |quote=Amitabh Bachchan presents Chiranjeevi his Best Actor Award for Sneham Kosam (Telugu) |access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |title=The Winner: 50th Manikchand Filmfare Awards 2002 |website=Filmfare |access-date=28 August 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828123037/http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |archive-date=28 August 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2004
|''[[Shankar Dada MBBS]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareawards2005.html|title=Filmfare awards for South India – Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam & Kannada – Telugu Cinema|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309172912/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareawards2005.html|archive-date=9 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|[[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Award – South]]
|Legends (Honorary Award)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|date=4 August 2007|title=54th Fair One Filmfare Awards 2006 – Telugu cinema function|website=Idlebrain.com|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareswards2007.html|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126094954/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareswards2007.html|archive-date=26 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Santosh |title=54th Annual Filmfare awards south Lifetime achievement award winners & Legendary honorary winners |url=https://archive.org/details/54thAnnualFilmfareAwardssouthLifetimeAchievementandLegendaryawards |website=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award – South]]
|Outstanding Contributions
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/ChiranjeeviFilmfareBestActorAwards/Chiranjeevi%20Filmfare%20Best%20Actor%20Awards.jpg|title=58th Idea Filmfare Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The glitter, the gloss, the razzmatazz|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/The-glitter-the-gloss-the-razzmatazz/articleshow/9083584.cms|work=The Times of India|date=3 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011174459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/The-glitter-the-gloss-the-razzmatazz/articleshow/9083584.cms|archive-date=11 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|''[[Godfather (2022 film)|GodFather]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2023 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2023_-67194.html |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|''[[Waltair Veerayya]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.amp|title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2024 |work=Filmfare |date=3 August 2024 |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref>
|}

;[[Nandi Awards]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Category
!Film
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1987
| rowspan="3" |[[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Swayam Krushi]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|access-date=21 August 2020|website=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|-
|1992
|''[[Aapadbandhavudu]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2002
|''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2016
|[[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]]
| Honorary Award
|{{won}}
|
|-
|}

;[[1989 Cinema Express Awards|Cinema Express Awards]]
* [[Cinema Express Awards|Best Actor]] – ''[[Swayam Krushi]]'' (1987)<ref name="newspaper">{{Citation |title=Cinema Express readers choose Agni Nakshathiram |date=11 March 1989 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |page=4 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910222&printsec=frontpage |access-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011170042/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910222&printsec=frontpage |archive-date=11 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |date=1 May 1989 |title=1988 Award Winners |journal=Cinema Express-Indian Express Group |language=ta}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite journal |author=സ്വന്തം ലേഖകൻ |date=10 March 1989 |title=മമ്മൂട്ടിക്കും ഗീതയ്ക്കും അവാർഡ് |journal=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>
* Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/22/stories/2002122206330300.htm |title='Kannathil Muthamittal' bags 6 Cinema Express awards |access-date=5 February 2018 |archive-date=7 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607071034/http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/22/stories/2002122206330300.htm |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=2002-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;[[Santosham Film Awards]]
* [[Santosham Best Actor Award|Best Actor]] – ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'' (2017)

;[[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]
* Best Actor – ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tollywood.net/complete-winner-list-of-zee-cine-awards-telugu-2020/|title=Complete winner list of Zee Cine awards Telugu 2020|date=12 January 2020|website=Tollywood|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034734/https://www.tollywood.net/complete-winner-list-of-zee-cine-awards-telugu-2020/|archive-date=3 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Other honours
* 2006 – [[Doctorate|Honorary doctorate]] from the [[Andhra University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/mobile/movies/chiranjeevi-conferred-doctorate-news-telugu-kkfvhKhjgegsi.html |title=Chiranjeevi conferred doctorate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423061459/http://www.sify.com/mobile/movies/chiranjeevi-conferred-doctorate-news-telugu-kkfvhKhjgegsi.html |archive-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead |website=[[Sify]] |date=29 October 2006 |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="doctorate">{{cite news |date=7 November 2006 |title=AU confers honorary degrees on Chiru, others |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205140414/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=21 April 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
*[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] - International Face of Indian Cinema – (2014)<ref name="auto" />
*2024 – [[3rd IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Utsavam Outstanding Achievement in Indian Cinema]]

== See also ==
* [[Lists of Indian actors|List of Indian actors]]
* [[List of dancers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0158112|name=Chiranjeevi}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes-person|chiranjeevi|Chiranjeevi}}

{{Navboxes|list=
{{Second Manmohan Singh Cabinet}}
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{{Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2000–2009}}
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{{Raghupathi Venkaiah Award Recipients}}
{{ANR National Award}}
{{Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Actor}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}
{{CineMAA Best Actor}}
{{Santosham Best Actor Award}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Konidela–Allu family|Chiranjeevi]]
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[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
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[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Amin Gazi

2026-03-28T03:27:46Z

Gaurav: creating some info v1

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amin Gazi
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|12|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra State]], India {{small|(present-day Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]])}}
| spouse = Shaheena Taj Begum (2014-2018) Aaliya Zariwala (2022-present)
}}

'''Amin Gazi''' is an Indian Actor. He was seen in 2001 Film Lagaan and 2003 Comedy Film [[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-21 |title=Laughing is mandatory: Amin Gazi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughing-is-mandatory-amin-gazi/articleshow/12343169.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-07-31 |title='लगान और हंगामा' जैसी फिल्मों में नजर आया ये एक्टर अब दिखता है ऐसा, 18 साल में इतना बदला लुक |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/lagaan-and-hungama-fame-amin-gazi-look-tottaly-changed-see-here-pics-2181248 |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://satlokexpress.com/amin-gazi-who-played-tipu-in-aamir-khan-film-lagaan-now-a-handsome-hunk-latest-photo-viral-fans-amazed/ |title=Amin Gazi Who Played Tipu in Aamir Khan Film Lagaan Now a Handsome Hunk Latest Photo Viral Fans Amazed - Satlok Express |access-date=26 May 2023 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526142224/https://satlokexpress.com/amin-gazi-who-played-tipu-in-aamir-khan-film-lagaan-now-a-handsome-hunk-latest-photo-viral-fans-amazed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001)
*''[[Stumped (film)|Stumped]]'' (2003)<ref>https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/stumped/hindi/stumped-movie-reviews-907-2.html</ref>
*''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' (2003)
*''[[Matrubhoomi]]'' (2003)
*''[[Tauba Tauba]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Cambala Investigation Agency]]'' (2007-2009) as Farhan Siddiqui
*''[[Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey]]'' (2010)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1004362}}
*{{Facebook|amin.gazi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gazi, Amin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1988 births]]

{{India-film-actor-1980s-stub}}

Mallikarjun Kharge

2026-03-27T07:01:47Z

Gaurav:

{{Short description|Indian lawyer and politician (1942–2026)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Mallikarjun Kharge briefing the media after presenting the Interim Railway Budget 2014-15 in New Delhi (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kharge in 2014
| office = [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Indian National Congress]]
| term_start = 26 October 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Sonia Gandhi]] (''interim'')
| successor =
| office1 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|Chairman of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]
| term_start1 = 13 January 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = ''Office established''
| successor1 =
| order2 = 14th
| office2 = Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha
| 1blankname2 = Chairman
| 1namedata2 = [[Venkaiah Naidu]] [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
| deputy2 = [[Anand Sharma]] [[Pramod Tiwari]]
| term_start2 = 16 February 2021
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| successor2 =
| constituency3 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start3 = 12 June 2020
| predecessor3 = [[Rajeev Gowda]]
| birth_name = Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|07|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bidar district|Warwatti]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Lawyer]]|[[politician]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Radhabai Kharge|13 May 1968}}
| children = 5 (including [[Priyank Kharge]])
| residence = [[New Delhi|10, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|Government Arts and Science College, [[Gulbarga]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|S.S.L. Law College, [[Karnatak University]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])}}
| website =
}}
'''Mallikarjun Mapanna Kharge''' ({{IPA|kn|malːikaːrd͡ʒun kʰɐrɡe|lang}}; born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician and lawyer serving as the [[President of the Indian National Congress]] since 2022 and [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]] since 2021. He has been a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from [[Karnataka]] since [[2020 Rajya Sabha elections|2020]].

He began his career in state politics, serving as a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency]] from 1972 to 2008 and from [[Chittapur Assembly constituency]] from 2008 to 2009. Kharge served as the leader of the opposition in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from 1996 to 1999, president of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2005 to 2008, and as a minister in many portfolios under various chief ministers.

Kharge joined national politics when he was elected as the [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] for [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]], [[Karnataka]], serving from 2009 to 2019. During the [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|UPA 2 government]], he served as the Minister of Railways from 2013 to 2014 and Minister of Labour and Employment from 2009 to 2013 in the Union Cabinet. He was also a general secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]], in charge for [[Maharashtra]], from 2018 to 2020. He was also the chairperson of [[Public Accounts Committee (India)|Public Accounts Committee]] in the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from 2016 to 2019. After being elected a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] for Karnataka in 2020 following his defeat in the [[2019 Indian general election]], he defeated [[Shashi Tharoor]] in the [[2022 Indian National Congress presidential election]] to succeed [[Sonia Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kharge, who started as labour leader, becomes new Congress chief by beating Tharoor who speaks fine English |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mallikarjun-kharge-new-congress-chief-who-started-as-labour-union-leader-2287212-2022-10-19 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=India Today |date=19 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028121148/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mallikarjun-kharge-new-congress-chief-who-started-as-labour-union-leader-2287212-2022-10-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Under his presidency, the Congress gained 47 seats in the [[2024 Indian general election]], forming the official opposition for the first time since its defeat in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|title=India hands PM Modi a surprise setback, with his majority in doubt in the world's largest election|first1=Mithil|last1=Aggarwai|first2=Janis Mackey|last2=Frayer|publisher=NBC News|date=June 4, 2024|accessdate=June 4, 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151033/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|title=India's Narendra Modi Struggles to Hold On to Majority, Early Election Results Show|first1=Krishna|last1=Poharel|first2=Tripti|last2=Lahiri|publisher=Wall Street Journal|date=3 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604115138/https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a close ally of the [[Nehru–Gandhi family|Nehru-Gandhi family]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Qureshi |first=Imran |date=19 October 2022 |title=Mallikarjun Kharge: Can a non-Gandhi Congress chief take on Modi? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63252922 |access-date=1 February 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Mallikarjun Kharge was born on 21 July 1942 in the Varawatti, Bhalki Taluk, [[Bidar district]], [[Karnataka]] in a [[Dalit]] family to Saibavva and Mapanna Kharge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallikarjun Kharge |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/mallikarjun-kharge/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 1948, Kharge lost his mother and sister in a fire set off by the [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], while he himself had a narrow escape at the age of 7.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/escaping-blaze-at-7-to-cong-chief-at-80-mallikarjun-kharges-firefighting-continues-son-recounts-journey-6192775.html|title=Escaping Blaze at 7 to Congress Chief at 80 Mallikarjun Kharges Firefighting Continues Son Recounts Journey for News18|date=19 October 2022|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026170823/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/escaping-blaze-at-7-to-cong-chief-at-80-mallikarjun-kharges-firefighting-continues-son-recounts-journey-6192775.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mallikarjun-kharge-officially-takes-charge-as-1st-non-gandhi-congress-president-after-24-years-11666752838161.html|title=Mallikarjun Kharge officially takes charge as 1st non-Gandhi Congress president after 24 years|date=26 October 2022|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026144819/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mallikarjun-kharge-officially-takes-charge-as-1st-non-gandhi-congress-president-after-24-years-11666752838161.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He finished his schooling from Nutan Vidyalaya in Gulbarga and went on to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Government College, [[Gulbarga]] and his law degree from the Seth Shankarlal Lahoti Law College in Gulbarga.<ref name=about/> He started his legal practice as a junior in Justice [[Shivaraj Patil]]'s office and fought cases for labour unions early in his legal career.<ref name=career>{{cite web|title=Early life of Kharge|url=http://www.kharge.com/demo/political-career/|publisher=Press Journal Kharge|access-date=5 June 2014|archive-date=10 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810100410/http://www.kharge.com/demo/political-career/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Political career==
Kharge began his political career in state politics, being elected as the MLA for [[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency]] and [[Chittapur Assembly constituency]] consecutively from 1972 to 2008. During his tenure in state politics, he served as a minister in the ministries of [[S. M. Krishna]], [[Veerappa Moily]], [[Sarekoppa Bangarappa]], and [[R. Gundu Rao]], in many prominent portfolios including the Home and Revenue ministries. In opposition, Kharge served as the [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|leader of the opposition]] on two occasions and led the [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] into the [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] as KPCC president, gaining 15 seats for the party and finishing second. He resigned from the legislature in 2009 to run for the Lok Sabha.

Kharge was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 2009 the general election from Gulbarga. This was his tenth consecutive election victory.<ref name="win">{{cite news |last1=Phukan |first1=Sandip |date=3 June 2014 |title=Mallikarjun Kharge consecutive win |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mallikarjun-kharge-not-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-congress-in-lok-sabha-534829 |access-date=5 June 2014 |archive-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604232808/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mallikarjun-kharge-not-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-congress-in-lok-sabha-534829 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2014 general elections, Kharge was elected from Gulbarga, beating Revunaik Belamagih from the BJP with a margin of 13,404 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-29 |title=Know about the New Congress President - Mallikarjun Kharge |url=https://inc.in/congress-sandesh/others/know-about-the-new-congress-president |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526055521/https://inc.in/congress-sandesh/others/know-about-the-new-congress-president |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Gulbarga SC Election Results |url=https://www.elections.in/results/gulbarga-sc-ka.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=www.elections.in |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030071108/https://www.elections.in/results/gulbarga-sc-ka.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In June, he was appointed the Leader of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sonia picks Mallikarjun Kharge over 'unwilling' Rahul as Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/sonia-picks-mallikarjun-kharge-over-unwilling-rahul-as-leader-of-opposition-in-lok-sabha/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 June 2014 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212175441/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/sonia-picks-mallikarjun-kharge-over-unwilling-rahul-as-leader-of-opposition-in-lok-sabha/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2019 general elections, Kharge contested from the same parliamentary seat, however this time he lost to [[Umesh. G. Jadhav|Umesh G. Jadhav]] from the BJP with a margin of 95,452 votes.<ref name=":3" />

On 12 June 2020 Kharge was elected (unopposed) to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from Karnataka, at the age of 78 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Bharath |title=H D Deve Gowda, Mallikarjun Kharge elected unanimously to Rajya Sabha from Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/h-d-deve-gowda-mallikarjun-kharge-elected-unanimously-to-rajya-sabha-from-karnataka-848832.html |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=12 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612171713/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/h-d-deve-gowda-mallikarjun-kharge-elected-unanimously-to-rajya-sabha-from-karnataka-848832.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 February 2021, Kharge was appointed [[Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mallikarjun-kharge-likely-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-rajya-sabha-congress-sources/article33818232.ece|title=Kharge to be Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha|work=The Hindu|date=12 February 2021|access-date=12 February 2021|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212064010/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mallikarjun-kharge-likely-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-rajya-sabha-congress-sources/article33818232.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kharge notably has been appointed an observer by the INC for multiple states in the past, including Assam in 2014, Punjab in 2021, and Rajasthan in 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How two states slipped out of the Congress under Mallikarjun Kharge's 'observation', while a third one is on the line |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-two-states-slipped-out-of-the-congress-under-mallikarjun-kharge-s-observation-while-a-third-one-is-on-the-line-2008305-2022-10-04 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=India Today |date=4 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027150955/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-two-states-slipped-out-of-the-congress-under-mallikarjun-kharge-s-observation-while-a-third-one-is-on-the-line-2008305-2022-10-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> He has been criticized for his alleged inability to resolve internal party issues in these three states and therefore causing the loss in Assam and Punjab, and public embarrassment in Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" />

He is known for his record of defeating all his opposition candidates in his lifetime career except one.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-23 |title=Mallikarjun Kharge suffers first electoral defeat in his career |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/mallikarjun-kharge-suffers-first-electoral-defeat-in-his-career/articleshow/69469983.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-15 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816050046/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/mallikarjun-kharge-suffers-first-electoral-defeat-in-his-career/articleshow/69469983.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from [[Lokmat]]'s Parliamentary Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2023 |title=Lokmat Parliamentary Award |url=https://www.lokmat.com/national/lokmat-parliamentary-awards-congress-president-mallikarjun-kharge-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-a941/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |work=Lokmat}}</ref>

===President of the Indian National Congress===

On 1 October 2022, he filed nominations to contest the [[2022 Indian National Congress presidential election|INC party presidential polls]] and won with 7897 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-19 |title=Highlights: Newly-elected Cong president Kharge to take charge on Oct 26 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-presidential-polls-live-results-shashi-tharoor-mallikarjun-kharge-rahul-gandhi-sonia-gandhi-october-19-latest-news-101666140143855.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027054308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-presidential-polls-live-results-shashi-tharoor-mallikarjun-kharge-rahul-gandhi-sonia-gandhi-october-19-latest-news-101666140143855.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was the first INC President not from the [[Nehru-Gandhi family|Gandhi family]] in 24 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=Mallikarjun Kharge officially takes charge as 1st non-Gandhi Congress president |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mallikarjun-kharge-officially-takes-charge-as-1st-non-gandhi-congress-president-after-24-years-11666752838161.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026144819/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mallikarjun-kharge-officially-takes-charge-as-1st-non-gandhi-congress-president-after-24-years-11666752838161.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was 61st person to hold the post and 98th president of the party.<ref>[[Indian National Congress]]</ref> He was resigned as Leader of the Opposition in 1 October 2022 before nomination, but reinsisted in December 2022.<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-chief-mallikarjun-kharge-to-continue-as-leader-of-opposition-in-rajya-sabha-2305132-2022-12-04</ref> In the first 2 years of his presidency, the Congress formed governments in Himachal Pradesh in 2022, [[Telangana]] in 2023, and forming a coalition in Jharkhand in 2024, while losing power in Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Wins Himachal, Race Begins For Chief Minister's Chair: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/himachal-pradesh-results-today-rivaaj-and-rebels-key-factors-10-points-3585850 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemant Soren poised to form government in Jharkhand for second time |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/hemant-soren-poised-to-form-government-in-jharkhand-for-second-time/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=ddnews.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=R. Ravikanth |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly election results 2023 {{!}} Congress breaks Bharat Rashtra Samithi's decade-long hold over Telangana with big wins |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/telangana-assembly/telangana-assembly-election-results-2023-congress-takes-over-telangana-from-bharat-rashtra-samithi/article67602343.ece |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Decisive wins: The Hindu Editorial on M.P., Rajasthan, Telangana and Chhattisgarh Assembly election results |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/decisive-wins-the-hindu-editorial-on-mp-rajasthan-telangana-and-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results/article67601500.ece |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Congress opted out of Omar Abdullah’s government in Jammu Kashmir after it sought two ministries but was offered only one even though both parties contested election in alliance. It had won just six of the 39 seats it contested in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 16, 2024 |title=Congress opts out of Omar Abdullah's government in J&K |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-opts-out-omar-abdullah-s-government-in-jk-101729055741609.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==== 2024 general election ====
Kharge's name was proposed as the prime ministerial candidate of the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] for the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election]]. The proposal was made by [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|West Bengal chief minister]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] and was supported by [[List of chief ministers of Delhi|Delhi chief minister]] [[Arvind Kejriwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Aditya |date=2023-12-19 |title=INDIA Bloc Meeting: Why Mallikarjun Kharge is Right Choice as PM Face But... |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/mallikarjun-kharge-india-alliance-meeting-congress-arvind-kejriwal-mamata-banerjee-rahul-gandhi |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219163507/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/mallikarjun-kharge-india-alliance-meeting-congress-arvind-kejriwal-mamata-banerjee-rahul-gandhi |url-status=live }}</ref> However, other senior leaders of the alliance such as [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] leader [[Lalu Prasad Yadav|Lalu Yadav]] disapproved the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INDIA bloc meets and sulking members in aftermath: A consistent saga in 4 parts |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-bloc-meeting-kharge-pm-candidate-nitish-kumar-lalu-yadav-upset-mamata-banerjee-seat-sharing-2478048-2023-12-19 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=India Today |date=19 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219164031/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-bloc-meeting-kharge-pm-candidate-nitish-kumar-lalu-yadav-upset-mamata-banerjee-seat-sharing-2478048-2023-12-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, he was made chairman of alliance.<ref name="Kharge-Chairperson">{{Cite news|title=Kharge named INDIA bloc chairperson, Nitish Kumar turns down convener post|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mallikarjun-kharge-named-india-bloc-chairperson-nitish-kumar-gets-key-role-101705134298747.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=13 January 2024|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113095143/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mallikarjun-kharge-named-india-bloc-chairperson-nitish-kumar-gets-key-role-101705134298747.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Electoral performances ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Election
!colspan="2"|Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote share%
!Margin
!Ref
|-
|[[1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|[[Mysore Legislative Assembly]]
| rowspan="12" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="12" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 
|rowspan=9|[[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency|Gurmitkal]]
|{{Won}}
|16,796
|62.68%%
|9,440
|<ref name=election1972>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3775-karnataka-1972/ |title=Mysore Legislative Assembly Election, 1972 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=10 April 2023 |url-access=limited |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317190937/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3775-karnataka-1972/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1978
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|30,380
|64.99%
|16,599
|<ref name=election1978>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3776-karnataka-1978/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1978 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2022 |url-access=limited |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317193101/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3776-karnataka-1978/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1983
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|30,933
|67.65%
|16,143
|<ref name=election1983>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3777-karnataka-1983/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1983 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|1985
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|32,669
|66%
|17,673
|<ref name=election1985>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3778-karnataka-1985/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|1989
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|39,608
|64.23%
|19,969
|<ref name=election1989>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3779-karnataka-1989/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1989 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2022 |url-access=limited |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317133624/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3779-karnataka-1989/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1994
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|42,588
|58.76%
|19,336
|<ref name=election1994>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3780-karnataka-1994/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1994 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|1999
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|54,569
|76.76%
|47,124
|<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3781-karnataka-1999/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 1999 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=2 June 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|37,006
|45.99%
|18,547
|<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3782-karnataka-2004/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=7 September 2021 |url-access=limited |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112142921/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3782-karnataka-2004/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2008
|[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|{{Won}}
|49,837
|52.13%
|17,442
|<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3783-karnataka-2008/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=7 September 2021 |url-access=limited |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317132435/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3783-karnataka-2008/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=3|[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]]
|{{Won}}
|3,45,241
|45.46%
|13,404
|<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112220034/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
|{{Won}}
|5,07,193
|50.83%
|74,733
|<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006055629/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
|{{lost}}
|5,24,740
|44.08%
|95,452
|<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 1972–1978
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|5th Mysore Assembly]] (1st Term)
* Minister of State for Primary and Secondary Education {{small|(1976-1978)}}
|-
| 1978–1983
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|6th Karnataka Assembly]] (2nd Term)
* Cabinet Minister for Rural Development & Panchayati Raj {{small|(1979-1980)}}
* Cabinet Minister for Revenue {{small|(1980-83)}}
|-
| 1983–1985
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|7th Karnataka Assembly]] (3rd Term)
* Secretary, Congress Legislature Party
|-
| 1985–1989
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|8th Karnataka Assembly]] (4th Term)
* Deputy Leader of Opposition
|-
| 1989–1994
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|9th Karnataka Assembly]] (5th Term)
* Cabinet Minister for Revenue, Rural Development & Panchayati Raj {{small|(1990-1992)}}
* Cabinet Minister for Co-operation, Medium and Large Industries {{small|(1992-1994)}}
|-
| 1994–1999
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|10th Karnataka Assembly]] (6th Term)
* Leader of Opposition {{small|(1996-99)}}
|-
| 1999–2004
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|11th Karnataka Assembly]] (7th Term)
* Cabinet Minister for Home, Infrastructure Development and Minor Irrigation {{small|(1999-2004)}}
|-
| 2004–2008
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|12th Karnataka Assembly]] (8th Term)
* Cabinet Minister for Water Resources and Transport {{small|(2004-2006)}}
|-
| 2008–2009
| Elected to [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|13th Karnataka Assembly]] (9th Term)
* Leader of Opposition {{small|(2008-2009)}}
|-
| 2009–2014
| Elected to [[15th Lok Sabha]] (1st Term)
* [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Union Minister of Labour and Employment]] {{small|(28 May 2009 – 17 June 2013)}}
* [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Union Minister of Railways]] {{small|(17 June 2013 – 26 May 2014)}}
* [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]] {{small|(28 January 2014 – 26 May 2014)}}
|-
| 2014–2019
| Elected to [[16th Lok Sabha]] (2nd Term)
* Leader of the Congress Parliamentary Party
* Member, Business Advisory Committee {{small|(2014–2019)}}
* Member, Standing Committee on Home Affairs {{small|(2014–2019)}}
* Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex {{small|(2014–2019)}}
* Member of National Committee (NC) for commemorating the 125th Birth Anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru {{small|(2014–2019)}}
* Member, General Purposes Committee {{small|(2015–2019)}}
* Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Defence {{small|(2015–2019)}}
* Chairperson, Public Accounts Committee {{small|(2017–2019)}}
* Member, Committee on Budget of Lok Sabha {{small|(2017–2019)}}
|-
| 2020–Present
| Elected to [[Rajya Sabha]] (1st Term)
* [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha]] {{small|(2021-Present)}}
* [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Indian National Congress]] {{small|(2022-Present)}}
|}

== Personal life ==
Kharge married Radhabai on 13 May 1968; they have 2 daughters and 3 sons.<ref name=about>{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4315&lastls=16|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=17 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717115646/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4315&lastls=16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=personal>{{cite news|title=Personal life of Mallikarjun Kharge |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-appoints-mallikarjun-kharge-as-its-leader-in-lok-sabha-114060201323_1.html |access-date=5 June 2014 |work=Business Standard |date=3 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603063301/http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-appoints-mallikarjun-kharge-as-its-leader-in-lok-sabha-114060201323_1.html |archive-date=3 June 2014 }}</ref> Kharge is a polyglot and can speak English, Hindi, Urdu, Kannada, Telugu and Marathi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Mallikarjun Kharge takes the Congress reins |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20221031-mallikarjun-kharge-takes-congress-reins-2287766-2022-10-21 |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=India Today |date=21 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030071102/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20221031-mallikarjun-kharge-takes-congress-reins-2287766-2022-10-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> His son [[Priyank Kharge]] is an MLA from the [[Chittapur Assembly constituency|Chittapur assembly constituency]],<ref name=":1" /> and his son-in-law [[Radhakrishna (politician)|Radhakrishna]] is an MP from Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency, Kharge's former seat in the Lok Sabha.

He is a [[Buddhists|Buddhist]] and the Founder-Chairman of Siddharth Vihar Trust that has built the [[Buddha Vihar, Kalaburagi|Buddha Vihar in Gulbarga]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Files |first=The Hindu |date=2024-05-23 |title=Kharge calls upon scholars to unearth hidden history of Buddhism to enlighten next generation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kharge-calls-upon-scholars-to-unearth-hidden-history-of-buddhism-to-enlighten-next-generation/article68208004.ece |access-date=2026-01-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Baseless and wrong”, Buddhist monks on Kharge’s remark questioning Modi’s faith |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/baseless-and-wrong-buddhist-monks-on-kharges-remark-questioning-modis-faith/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250517015858/https://ddnews.gov.in/en/baseless-and-wrong-buddhist-monks-on-kharges-remark-questioning-modis-faith/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=ddnews.gov.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Buddha Vihar, Gulbarga |url=http://www.buddhavihar.org/about.html |publisher=Buddha vihar Gulbarga |access-date=10 May 2013 |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018225146/http://buddhavihar.org/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is also a patron of the [[Chowdiah Memorial Hall]], a concert and theater venue in Bangalore. He helped the centre get over its debts and aided the centre's plans for renovation.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2005 |title=A grand bow to the arts |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/01/stories/2005070103420300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127183920/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/01/stories/2005070103420300.htm |archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Jatav|List of Jatavs]]
* [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
* [[2022 Indian National Congress presidential election]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/shri-mallikarjun-kharge Mallikarjun Kharge – official profile] at India.Gov.in
* [https://inc.in/congress-sandesh/others/know-about-the-new-congress-president Know about the New Congress President -Mallikarjun Kharge] at Indian National Congress Website

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| title = Member of Parliament for [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
| years = 2009–2019
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Oscar Fernandes]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Minister of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour and Employment]]
| years = 2009–2013
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Sis Ram Ola]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[C. P. Joshi|CP Joshi]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]
| years = 2013–2014
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[D. V. Sadananda Gowda|DV Sadananda Gowda]]
}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Janardhana Poojary]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = President of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| years = 2005–2008
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[R. V. Deshpande]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| years = 2014–2019
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]]
| years = 2022–
}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = President of the [[Indian National Congress]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
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Brahma Vav

2026-03-25T15:08:28Z

Gaurav: New a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Historic building
|name = Brahma Vav
|image = Brahma Vaaav Khedbrahma.jpg
|caption = Stepwell from outside
|mapframe-zoom = 14
|mapframe-marker = water
|coordinates = {{coord|region:IN-GJ|display=inline, title}}
|location = Brahmaji Chowk
|location_town = [[Khedbrahma]], [[Gujarat]]
|location_country = India
|architect = Local
|construction_start_date =
|completion_date = 14th century
|demolished_date =
|structural_system =
|architectural_style = [[Indian architecture]]
|building_type = [[Stepwell]]
|designations = [[Archeological Survey of India|ASI]] State Protected Monument No. S-GJ-326
}}
'''Brahma Vav''' is a [[stepwell]] in [[Khedbrahma]], [[Gujarat]], India. It was built in 14th century.

== History ==
The stepwell is situated opposite the [[Brahma Temple, Khedbrahma|Brahma temple]]. Based on ornamentation of the miniature shrines in the stepwell, it is dated to 14th century. There is no inscription in the stepwell to ascertain its age.<ref name="Jain-Neubauer1981" />

There are some [[paliya]] (hero stone) dedicated to Dhabi gatekeepers of the village who died fighting Maharaja Shivsinhji of Idar around Samvat 1800. The inscriptions on them are worn out.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Shastri|first=Ganpatishankar|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.305767|title=Puratan Brahma Kshetra Prachin Arvachin Itihas|publisher=Idar State|year=1935|location=Idar|pages=3, 9|language=gu|trans-title=Ancient Brahma Kshetra: Ancient and Modern History}}</ref>

It is sacred to the [[Hūmaḍa|'''Humada Digambara Jains''']] and the '''Khedavala Brahmins.''' It is considered the place of origin for these sub-communities, as mentioned in the '''''Hūmaḍa Purāṇa''''' and other texts. They used to worship their ancestral-patron deities here.<ref name="Shukla 2014">{{cite web|last=Shukla|first=Rakesh|date=24 June 2014|title=ક્યારેક લોકોની તરસ છિપાવતા હતા ગુજરાતના આ જળ મંદિરો-ખેડબ્રહ્માની વાવ|url=http://gujarati.oneindia.com/features/some-interesting-stepwell-gujarat/slider-pf63031-019322.html|access-date=20 November 2016|website=gujarati.oneindia.com|language=gu}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Architecture==
The stepwell is built with grey granite stone. It is constructed in east–west direction; the entrance is in the east and the well is in the west. It is {{convert|38.10|m|ft}} long; {{convert|30|m|ft}} of stepped corridor and the well of {{convert|8.10|m|ft}} diameter. The stepwell becomes narrower as one goes downwards and to the well. It has four ''kuta'' (pavilion-towers) where fourth is attached to the well. The breadth is {{convert|8.50|m|ft}} (including parapet wall) and {{convert|6.60|m|ft}} (without parapet wall) at the entrance which decreases to {{convert|5.4|m|ft}} in second ''kuta'' and {{convert|3.90|m|ft}} in the third ''kuta''. It had row of miniature shrines as an ornamentation in the wall of shaft of the stepwell which suggests it was built in 14th century. They resemble temple spires and has niches. It has 27 niches without any idols now. It is now in despair due to lack of maintenance.<ref name="Jain-Neubauer1981">{{cite book|author=Jain-Neubauer|first=Jutta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC&pg=PA53|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=1981|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|page=|pages=23, 53}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Brahma Kund]]
*[[Rani ki vav]]
* [[History of stepwells in Gujarat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}

[[Category:Stepwells in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Khedbrahma]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sabarkantha district]]

Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation

2026-03-22T08:58:26Z

Gaurav:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt = Logo of BMC
| coa-pic =
| coa-res =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| motto = ''Progress through Partnership for better Bhubaneswar''
| foundation = 1994
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Smt Sulochana Das
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = Smt Manjulata Kanhar
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Sri Chanchal Rana, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| seats = 67
| structure1=[[File:India Odisha Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation 2024.svg|250px]]
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Government]] (48)'''
* {{Color box|#32cd32}} [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (48)
'''Opposition (10)'''
* {{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (10)
'''Others (9)'''
* {{Color box|#c0c0c0}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (9)
| session_room = Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation Building.jpg
| website = {{URL|https://www.bmc.gov.in}}
}}

'''Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation''' or '''BMC''' is the local urban governing body of the city of [[Bhubaneswar]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Odisha]]. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure and public services. This civic administrative body administers an area of {{convert|161|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhubaneswar City|url=http://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/know-bhubaneswar|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411040853/https://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/know-bhubaneswar|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation was established in 1994.<ref name=about>{{cite web|title=About BMC|url=http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|publisher=BMC|access-date=14 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102050542/http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|archive-date=2 January 2013}}</ref> The city is divided into 67 administrative [[Ward (politics)|wards]] and 46 [[Revenue Village]]s.<ref name=profile>{{cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/profile}}</ref> Each ward elects a councillor to the BMC. By means of the standing committees, the corporation undertakes urban planning and maintains roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Standing Committees |url=http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |publisher=BMC |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531010336/http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref> As Bhubaneswar's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor, and other elected members of the BMC. The functions of the BMC include water supply, drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, street lighting and building regulation.<ref name=about /> Another ancillary civic body is the [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority]] (BDA), which is responsible for the [[statutory planning]] and development of the Greater Bhubaneswar area.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Bh11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bh12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bh13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==Achievements==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Achievement !! Year !! By !! Remark
|-
|United Nations Sasakawa Award||2011||[[United Nations]]|| Adopting Upgraded Disaster Risk Reduction Mechanism
|-
|Municipal Corporation Awards||2011||Housing and Urban Development|| Best Municipal Corporation in 2011
|-
|Janaagraha Urban G2C (Government to Citizen) Award 2012 ||2012 ||C S M Technologies|| Best Website Under 1 Million Category
|}

==Services==
BMC has undertaken pioneering work in various fields and perceives its role as principal provider of services as detailed below to provide a better quality of life to the Bhubaneswarites.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bmc.gov.in/Download/PublicDisclosure/1-Particulars%20of%20its%20organization,%20functions%20and%20duties.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 June 2015 |archive-date=13 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613231651/http://bmc.gov.in/Download/PublicDisclosure/1-Particulars%20of%20its%20organization,%20functions%20and%20duties.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Health & Sanitation
* Slum Development
* Disaster Management
* City Beautification
* Citizen Services
* Efficient Solid Waste Management
* Underground Sewerage System
* Efficient Urban Planning and Development
* Water Supply Services
* [[Mo Bus|City Bus Services]]
* Online Services
* Vending Zones
* Parking Zones

'''Particulars of each of the service undertaken by BMC'''
* Marriage Registration Certificate
* Issue of Birth & Death Certificate
* Timely Grievance redressal system through Mobile App.
* Online Booking of Kalyan Mandap
* Online Booking of Mahajatra Vehicle
* Citizen Grievance
* Water Tanker Reservation
* Booking of Cess pool emptier
* Implementation of Swachha Bhubaneswar Abhijan

==Organization structure==
Organization Structure for Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmc.gov.in/Structure.asp?lnk%3D1%26PL%3D12 |title=Welcome to Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation |access-date=2014-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726000010/http://bmc.gov.in/Structure.asp?lnk=1&PL=12 |archive-date=2014-07-26 }}</ref>

==Boundaries==
*'''North Side''' - Patia, Mancheswara.
*'''East Side''' - Palasuni, Jharapara, Laxmisagara, Badagarh, Tankapani Rd.
*'''South Side''' - Samantarapur, Bhimatangi, Pokhariput, Aerodrome area, Baramunda.
*'''West Side''' - Baramunda, Nuapalli, Salia Sahi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|http://bmc.gov.in/}}

{{Bhubaneswar topics}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Odisha]]
[[Category:Government of Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Orissa]]

Conolly Canal

2026-03-21T11:47:01Z

Gaurav: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Canal in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Sarovaram 08719.JPG|250px|thumb|Connolly Canal seen near Chavakkad]]
'''Conolly Canal''', sometimes spelled as '''Canoly Canal''', is the part of the West coast [[canal]] (WCC) network of [[Kerala]] and the canal was constructed by combining the rivers and streams along the coast with the intention of creating a vast waterway from Kozhikode to Kochi. It was constructed in the year 1848 under the orders of then [[District collector|collector]] of [[Malabar District|Malabar]], [[Murder of collector Conolly|H.V. Conolly]], initially to facilitate movement of goods to [[Kallayi]] Port from hinter lands of Malabar through Kuttiyadi and [[Korapuzha]] river systems.<ref
name="hindu_jan08">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2008/01/05/stories/2008010550730300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923092718/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2008/01/05/stories/2008010550730300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-09-23|title=Reviving the historic Canoly Canal |
date=2005-01-05|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-08-16}}</ref>

The construction was from 1848 to 1850. The canal was built almost entirely by human labour at a time when no machinery was in place. The Canoly Canal connects various rivers and streams including the [[Korapuzha]] river in the north and the [[Kallayi River|Kallai River]] in the south thus forming part of the line of water communication from Vadakara to [[Beypore]].<ref>Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway 1926 Page 203 "The Conolly canal connects the Kallayi river with the Ellattur river and thus provides an uninterrupted line of water communication from Beypore to Vatakara, a distance of 37 miles; the canal derives its name from Mr. Conolly, Collector of ..."</ref> The width of the canal varies between 6 and 20 metres (20 to 65 ft), and the water depth during the [[monsoon]] ranges between 0.5 and 2 metres (1.5 to 6 ft).

This was the main waterway for the cargo movement between [[Kochi]] and [[Calicut]], trade was the definition of the Canolly canal for more than a century. Major coastal towns such as [[Chavakkad]], [[Ponnani]] and [[Kandassankadavu Boat Race|Kandassankadavu]] developed because of the freight trade along the canal. The main products of the coastal line, coconut oil and coconut fibre (Chakiri), were transported to Cochin by using "kettuvallam" (old house boat) through this canal. Many of the things in the once popular Chavakkadu Kuttakkunnu weekly market came through the Canolly Canal. Even the lives of ordinary people were associated with the canal. They used the water of cannoli for all purposes except drinking. The main dependence of the coastal settlers was for bathing and washing clothes. Fishing was also active in small ponds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/malayalam-news/canoli-canal-revive-thrissur-1.2818703|title= പുനര്‍ജനി തേടുന്ന കനോലി}}</ref> The sides of most of the canal are lined with [[dimension stone]], but at some locations the lining has collapsed. In a number of places along the canal, trees and bushes and water plants have grown, causing the water flow in the middle stretch of the canal to become weaker.<ref>{{Citation
|surname1 = Hamnö
|given1 = Anders
|surname2 = Pettersson
|given2 = Asa
|year = 2005
|title = IMPACT OF MAJOR WATERWAY SYSTEMS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY - A CASE STUDY ON CANOLI CANAL
|journal =
|url = http://www.lwr.kth.se/Publikationer/PDF_Files/LWR_EX_05_14.PDF
|accessdate = 19 February 2006
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060103214147/http://www.lwr.kth.se/Publikationer/PDF_Files/LWR_EX_05_14.PDF
|archive-date = 3 January 2006
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

The ''Canoly Canal Development Samithi'' in Kozhikode had decided to start speedboat service on the canal from [[Karaparamba]] to the [[Sarovaram|Sarovaram park]] site in September 2009.<ref name="hindu_may09">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/09/stories/2009050952550300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515023620/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/09/stories/2009050952550300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-05-15|title=Speedboat service on Canoly Canal| date=2009-05-09|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-08-16}}</ref>

== Course ==
The course of Canoly Canal from Kozhikkode to Kodungallur ([[Kottappuram, Thrissur|Kottapuram]]) of around 170 km is today part of [[National Waterway 3]] through the [[National Waterways Act, 2016]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/centre-turns-down-kerala-plea-to-extend-national-waterway-3/article25882788.ece|title=Centre turns down Kerala plea to extend national waterway 3|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=199871|title=Promoting Inland Waterways in The Country|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> It's a part of 630 km long Western Coastal canal (WCC) project in [[Malabar Coast]].

* The Northern extend of Canoly Canal is [[Vatakara]] near the mouth of [[Kuttiady]] river.
* From there it takes the course of Kuttiyadi river upstream till [[Thurayur]] or Payyoli Cherppu. (5 km further upstream on Kuttiady river at Cherandathur, the Vadakara- Mahe canal projects starts. Once that project materialises, Canoli Canal will have navigable access further north up to [[Mahé, India]])
* At Thurayur the canal takes a man made course up till Akalappuzha backwaters. From Akalapuzha through east of [[Koyilandy]] town the Canoli Canal take the course of various channels of [[Korapuzha]] river system.
* Canoli canal leaves the [[Korapuzha]] system and enters its man-made urban stretch at [[Eranhikkal]] near [[Elathur, Kozhikode]]. From there the canal travels next 11.5-km through [[Kozhikode]] city till it reaches [[Kallayi River]]. During its course through this stretch the canal is severely encroached and polluted. There had been lot of revival projects around 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/steps-mooted-to-revive-canoli-canal/article19519482.ece|title=Steps mooted to revive Canoli canal|date=2017-08-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The famous [[Sarovaram Bio Park]] is along this stretch. In city Canoli canal travel through areas such as [[Karaparamba|Kunduparamba, Karaparamba]], [[Eranhipalam]], [[Arayidathupalam Junction]], Puthiyara, Mooriyad and [[Mankavu]].The Mini Bypass road of Kozhikode city traverse nearly parallel to the Canoli Canal. On entering the Kozhikode city limits, Canoly Canal is an apology for a water way, it is a cess pool of drainage, untreated sewage and other domestic waste. The consistency turns into a thick, dark slow moving mass with strong odour as it passes along the mini bye pass from Karaparambu to Arayidathupalam. Huge amounts are spent annually to clean and make it navigable but in vain.
* From [[Kallayi]] river near [[Mankavu]] canal begins its southward extension. This man made stretch of canal joining [[Chaliyar]] and [[Kallai River]] passes through [[Olavanna]] [[Cheruvannur Nallalam]] and at Kolathara the canal meets [[Chaliyar]] river.
* In Chaliyar river the canal travels downstream till [[Chaliyam]]-[[Beypore port]] through [[Feroke]] and then from Beypore it takes upstream of another channel on Chaliyar river drainage system through Karuvanthuruthy and Mannoor tiil Kallaampara.
*From Kallaampara, Canoli canal then takes a man made channel of 2 km into [[Kadalundi River|Kadalundi River system]] by joining it near Athanickal which is 1.5 km upstream of Kottakadavu bridge (This bridge is an important landmark it connects [[Parappanangadi]] with [[Chaliyam]] and [[Feroke]]. Before this bridge coming into being water transport was the easiest way to get to [[Beypore]] from [[Parappanangadi]]. Down stream of this bridge comes the famous mangrove system that houses [[Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary]].
*The canal then continues for the next 25 km of its course through [[Kadalundi River]] till Poorapuzha that's 3 km north of [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]]. In this journey the initial 19 km is upstream till Chuzhali through the main distributary of Kadalundi river that forms river mouth near Kadalundi town. From Chuzhali the next 6 km of the course is through down stream in another distributary of Kadalundi river that form river mouth near Ottumpuram bridge.
*Next 18 km is one of the most longest man-made stretch of the canal. It begins from near Pariyapuram on [[Kadalundi River]] and ends at [[Tirur River|Tirur puzha]] near Koottayi, [[Tirur]]. This stretch passes through western side of [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]]. There's heavy siltation, waste dumping, encroachments and presence of numerous low lying cross structures along this reach of the canal.
*The canal then goes southwards through [[Tirur River|Tirur puzha]] from Koottayi for the next 8 km till it meets the mouth of [[Bharathappuzha]] at [[Ponnani]] At this area the course of Canoli canal meets the course of [[TS Canal]]. From Ponnani to Kodungallur they both along with [[National Waterway 3]] share the same course.
*From [[Ponnani]] the canal travel through an artificial channel for 4.5 km till it meets Biyyam Kayal near [[Puthuponnani]].
*After travelling 1 km through Biyyam Kayal, the canal again starts its man-made stretch, the longest stretch of all for a length of 29 km until it meets [[Chettuva Backwater]]. In this stretch the canal pass through [[Chavakkad]]. In past access to the canal brought huge trade and allied developments for [[Chavakkad]] market.
**South of Chavakkad the canal begins to enter the [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Northern Kole Wetlands]] region. [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Kole Wetlands]] is a [[Ramsar site]], that is one of the rice bowls of [[Kerala]] along with [[Kuttanad]] and [[Palakkad]].
**[[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Kole Wetlands]] are fed primarily by [[Karuvannur River]] (also called as [[Puzhakkal River]], Thannikudam river etc.) and [[Keecheri River]]. The Biyyam kayal and Kanjiramukku rivers forms its northern boundary, [[Chalakudy River]] forms its southern boundaries and Canoli canal flows through its western boundary
*From [[Chettuva Backwater]] the canal enters into a series of natural courses through the [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Kole region of Thrissur.]] The initial stretch is it travels for 6 km through upstream of [[Karuvannur River|Northern distributary of Karuvannur River]] from [[Chettuva Backwater]] till it reaches [[Enamakkal Lake]].
*From [[Enamakkal Lake]] the canal travels down stream of the [[Karuvannur River|Southern distributary of Karuvannur River]] and other rivulets through [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Kole region]] for almost 45 km until it meets [[Periyar (river)]] near [[Kodungallur]].
**In this stretch 4 km south of [[Enamakkal Lake]] the canal reaches [[Kandassankadavu Boat Race|Kandassankadavu]]. This area was also economically benefitted a lot because of trade and freight movement that happened through Canoli canal in the past.
**Almost 25 km south of [[Kandassankadavu Boat Race|Kandassankadavu]] near Padiyoor, there is a small canal from Canoli canal towards [[Irinjalakuda]] town.
*
* The southern extend of Canoly Canal is [[Kodungallur]] where it meets the [[Periyar (river)]] system and [[Kottappuram, Thrissur|Kottapuram]] - [[Kollam]] stretch of [[National Waterway 3]].

== Canal city project ==
In February 2026, a new bridge across the Conolly Canal was inaugurated at Puthiyapalam, which will enable easier access to the railway station, Palayam, Thali and Kallai. ₹73.21 crore had been sanctioned for the first phase development of this Canal City project. Conolly Canal is part of the National Waterway, and the bridge has been designed with the required vertical clearance.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2026-02-20 |title=Canal City project will redefine Kozhikode’s urban landscape, says Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/canal-city-project-will-redefine-kozhikodes-urban-landscape-says-minister/article70656009.ece |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

As per an article in Kozhikode news, "The Kozhikode Canal City project is a transformative infrastructure initiative set to begin in 2026 with an estimated cost of ₹1,118 crore. It aims to revive and develop the historic Conolly Canal as a vibrant 14-meter-wide urban waterway, boosting tourism and improving goods transport in the region."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Amitha |date=2025-09-29 |title=Kozhikode Canal City Project set to begin in 2026 - Kozhikode News. |url=https://www.kozhikode.news/kozhikode-canal-city-project-set-to-begin-in-2026/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Waterways transport in Kerala]]
* [[National Waterway 3]]
*[[TS Canal]]
*[[Wetlands in Indian Cities|Wetlands in indian cities]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Canals in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 1848]]

Nath Yogi

2026-03-19T15:58:33Z

Gaurav: new the post first draft

'''Nath Yogi''' is a [[Shaivism]]-related group of monks which emerged around the 13th century. They are sometimes called ''Jogi'' or simply ''Yogi'', and are known for a variety of siddha yoga practices.<ref name="JonesRyan2006p308">{{cite book |author1=Constance Jones |author2=James D. Ryan |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |date=2006 |publisher=Infobase |isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5 |pages=308}}</ref>

== History ==

The yogis were primarily associated with the Yogic-traditions promoted by the great [[Natha Sampradaya]] saints, e.g. [[Matsyendranath]], [[Gorakshanath]], Chauranginath etc. [[Hatha yoga]] is considered as the prominent part of those traditions promoted by these great Nath masters. The Nath [[Sampradaya]] is considered as a development of the earlier [[Siddha]] or [[Avadhuta]] Sampradaya,<ref name=Despande>{{cite book |author=M. N. Deshpande |author-link=M. N. Deshpande |year=1986 |title=The Caves of Panhale-Kaji |location=New Delhi |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India |page= |oclc=469489273}}</ref> an ancient lineage of spiritual masters. The Nath yogis are classical followers of Shaivism; it was not a caste it is followed by different communities it was a sect within Hindu religion.<ref name="JonesRyan2006p308"/>

In 1567, Jogis (Giris) and [[Sannyasa|Sannyasi]] (Puris) battled each other as detailed in the [[Tabaqat-i-Akbari]], both are 2 of the 10 [[akhara]]s (orders) of [[Dashanami Sampradaya]]. Puris were outnumbered by 200 to 500 by Jogis, Akbar asked his soldiers to smear ash and join Puris to help them, this led to the victory of Puris.<ref name="HinduRakshak1">{{cite book |author=David N. Lorenzen |author-link=David N. Lorenzen |year=2006 |title=Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&dq=dashnami+akhara+aurangzeb&pg=PA52 |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |pages=51–54 |isbn=978-81-902272-6-1}}</ref>

== Organization ==
The Nath tradition is a syncretic [[Yoga]] and [[Vedanta]] schools of [[Hindu philosophy]] based Shaiva tradition, that reveres Shiva and [[Dattatreya]]. Its founding is attributed to the ideas of [[Matsyendranath]] and [[Gorakshanath]], developed further with an additional seven other Siddha Yoga Gurus called "Naths" (literally, lords).<ref name="JonesRyan2006p308"/> The Nath Yogi ''sampradaya'' and monastic organizations grew starting with the 13th century,<ref name="JonesRyan2006p308"/> with its matha headquarters in [[Gorakhpur]], Uttar Pradesh. Many of their mathas are found in the northern, central and western states of India particularly in the Himalayas, but archeological inscriptions suggest their mathas existed in south India as well. The early Nath monks received endowments in Karnataka, for example, between the 10th and 13th century, which later became a temple and Shaiva matha hub for them near [[Mangalore]].<ref name=davidwhite94>{{cite book |author=David Gordon White |author-link=David Gordon White |year=2012 |title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQuqAAAAQBAJ |pages=94–97 |isbn=978-0-226-14934-9}}</ref> The Kadri matha, for instance, is one of the legendary monasteries in the Nath tradition which attracted converts from Buddhism and infusion of Buddhist ideas into Shaivism.<ref name=davidwhite94/>

Nath Shaiva monastic organization was one of those Hindu monk groups that militarized and took up arms following the Muslim conquest of India, to resist persecution.<ref>{{cite book |author=David N. Lorenzen |author-link=David N. Lorenzen |year=2006 |title=Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History |pages=51–63 |isbn=978-81-902272-6-1}}</ref><ref name=whitesyogi198>{{cite book |author=David Gordon White |author-link=David Gordon White |year=2011 |title=Sinister Yogis |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=198–207 |isbn=978-0-226-89514-7}}</ref><ref name=williampinchwarascetic>{{cite book |author=William Pinch |year=2012 |title=Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=4–9, 28–34, 61–65, 150–151, 189–191, 194–207 |isbn=978-1-107-40637-7}}</ref> They were scorned and persecuted by Mughal Empire officials, and by social, cultural and religious elites.<ref>{{cite book |author=David Gordon White |author-link=David Gordon White |year=2012 |title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQuqAAAAQBAJ |pages=8–9 |isbn=978-0-226-14934-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Shail Mayaram |year=2003 |title=Against History, Against State |publisher=Columbia University Press |pages=39–41 |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1}}</ref> However, the Nath yogi monks have been very popular with the rural population in South Asia since medieval times.<ref name=lorenzenmunozx>{{cite book |author1=David N. Lorenzen |author1-link=David N. Lorenzen |author2=Adrián Muñoz |year=2012 |title=Yogi Heroes and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Naths |publisher=SUNY Press |pages=x-xi |isbn=978-1-4384-3890-0}}</ref>

The Nath tradition of Shaivism is credited with establishing numerous Shiva Hindu temples and monasteries, particularly in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, north Bihar, and Nepal.<ref>{{cite book |author=David Gordon White |author-link=David Gordon White |year=2012 |title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQuqAAAAQBAJ |pages=94–101, 104–105, 118 |isbn=978-0-226-14934-9}}</ref>

==Nath Yogi in Bengal==
Prior to independence, census statistics rarely included the caste name Nath or Nath Yogi. 19th-century British sources mentioned that castes known as jogis or jugis existed in Bengal. Some sources claim that Jogis held a low position during the 19th century. They appear to be particularly linked to failed ascetics and weavers who are often of lower status.<ref>Nath, M. N. (1993). A Carnival of Parting: The Tales of King Bharthari and King Gopi Chand as Sung and Told by Madhu Natisar Nath of Ghatiyali, Rajasthan. United States: University of California Press. p. 51.</ref>
In the state of West Bengal they are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] under India's [[Reservation in India|Reservation]] system.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Other Backward Classes (O.B.C.) Recognized by Govt. of West Bengal |url=http://www.anagrasarkalyan.gov.in/pdf/category-wise-obc-list.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113195035/http://www.anagrasarkalyan.gov.in/pdf/category-wise-obc-list.pdf |archivedate=2014-11-13}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bengali Hindu people}}

[[Category:Bengali Hindu castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian weavers]]

Thottassery Chinnammu Amma

2026-03-15T05:24:15Z

Gaurav: starting info...

{{Short description|Indian dance teacher (1900–1977)}}
{{Given name hatnote|Chinnammu Amma|Thottassery|lang=Malayali}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thottassery Chinnammu Amma
| birth_name =
| alias = Thottasseri Chinnammu Amma
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1900}}
| birth_place = [[Pazhayannur]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1977|08|04|1900}}
| death_place =
| father =
| mother =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation = [[Mohiniyattam]] dancer, dance teacher
| known for = Revival of Mohiniyattam, first ever recipient of [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in Mohiniyattam.
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1972)
}}
'''Thottassery Chinnammu Amma''' (also spelled as '''Thottasseri Chinnammu Amma''') was a [[Mohiniyattam]] dancer and dance teacher from [[Kerala]], India. She was one of the key figures in the revival of this classical dance, which was almost on the verge of extinction in early 20th century. In 1972, she received first ever [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in Mohiniyattam.

==Biography==
Thottassery Chinnammu Amma was born in 1900 into a prominent family in [[Pazhayannur]] in present-day [[Thrissur district]] of Kerala.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam">{{Cite web |title=ചിന്നമ്മു അമ്മ പഴയന്നൂര്‍ (1900 - 77) |url=http://web-edition.sarvavijnanakosam.gov.in/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_(1900%C2%A0-%C2%A077) |website=[[Sarvavijnanakosam]]}}</ref> Under the guidance of Parameshwara Bhagavathar, who was in [[Swathi Thirunal]]'s Rajya Sabha, Mohiniyattam dance was taught in Nair homes in [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] region.<ref name="keralakaumudi">{{Cite web |title=വെറുക്കപ്പെടേണ്ട പേരല്ല കലാമണ്ഡലം സത്യഭാമ, ആ സ്ഥാപനത്തിന് എന്നും അഭിമാനമായ ടീച്ചറെ കുറിച്ചറിയാം |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news-amp.php?id=1272993&u=kalamandalam-sathyabhama-the-senior |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=keralakaumudi.com|language=ml}}</ref> Chinnammu Amma was a member of one of this Nair family.<ref name="keralakaumudi" /> At an early age she became a disciple of the Kalamozhi Krishna Menon, a renowned Mohiniyattam guru, and mastered the Mohiniyattam.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam"/> Chinnammu Amma finished her studies at the age of thirteen.<ref name="anoop">{{Cite book |last1=Anoop |first1=K. R. |last2=Kavya|first2=Krishna|last3=Mythili|first3=Maratt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9NzEQAAQBAJ |title=Mohiniyattam: A Reader (Vol. 2) |date=2025-03-20 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-93-6853-244-6 |pages=101 |language=en}}</ref> She also studied under [[Guru|gurus]] A. Krishna Panicker of [[Koratty]], near [[Thrissur]] and T. Narayanan Nair.<ref name="SNA" /><ref name="Ragini">{{Cite book |last=Devi |first=Ragini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRz5ykKRVAEC |title=Dance Dialects of India |date=1990-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-81-208-0674-0 |pages=116 |language=en}}</ref> When she started performing, Krishna Panicker also accompanied her as Nattuvanar.<ref name="Ragini" />

Chinnammu Amma died on August 4, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Durga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLEZAAAAYAAJ |title=Eminent Indians who was Who, 1900-1980, Also Annual Diary of Events |date=1985 |publisher=Durga Das Pvt. Limited |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Chinnammu Amma was one of the key figure in the revival of the classical dance form [[Mohiniyattam]].<ref name="newindianexpress">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Parvana K. |date=2025-06-27 |title=Mohiniyattam researcher Amith K's 'Tribute to Chinnammu Amma' recital seeks to stir conversations on 'class' and the classical |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jun/27/mohiniyattam-researcher-amith-ks-tribute-to-chinnammu-amma-recital-seeks-to-stir-conversations-on-class-and-the-classical |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In the early 20th century, Mohiniyattam, the only women's classical dance in Kerala, was almost on the verge of extinction.<ref name="kalamandalam">{{Cite web |title=Maestros of yore – കേരള കലാമണ്ഡലം |url=https://kalamandalam.ac.in/maestros-of-yore/ |access-date=2025-08-10 |language=en}}</ref> When poet [[Vallathol Narayana Menon|Vallathol]] established [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] to revive and preserve performing arts of Kerala, he had difficulty even finding someone to teach Mohiniyattam there.<ref name="kalamandalam" /> He included parts of Mohiniyattam at Kalamandalam along with training in female roles in [[Kathakali]].<ref name="Deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ചുവട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/kerala/news_72/499941 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=[[Deshabhimani]] |language=ml }}</ref> But his attempts to revive Mohiniyattam in 1932 and 1937 were unsuccessful.<ref name="Deshabhimani" /> At that time, performing this dance form was considered abhorrent, so there was no one to learn or teach it.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam" />

Meanwhile, in 1950, Chinnammu Amma went to Kalamandalam to perform Mohiniyattam on Vallathol's birthday.<ref name="Lemos">{{Cite book |last=Lemos |first=Justine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWp2EAAAQBAJ |title=Tradition and Transformation in Mohiniyattam Dance: An Ethnographic History |date=2022-06-28 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-1-7936-5072-6 |pages=71 |language=en}}</ref> Seeing this performance, he invited her to teach at Kalamandalam and in 1950, Chinnammu Amma entered there as a Mohiniyattam teacher.<ref name="kalamandalam" /> Chinnammu Amma, who had mastered this dance in her youth but did not continue it later, accepted the position of teacher in the Kalamandalam after much persuasion and requests.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam" /> She remembered many things she had learned in her youth and passed them on to her students. Prominent dancers including [[Kalamandalam Satyabhama|Kalamandalam Sathyabhama]], Kalamandalam Chandrika, and [[Kalamandalam Kshemavathy]] were Chinnammu Amma's disciples.<ref name="kalamandalam" /> She retired from there in 1963.<ref name="Lemos" />

During the reformation processes of Mohiniyattam, in the 1950s, Kalamandalam focussed on the classical training of the six basic forms of Mohiniyattam dance, recalled by Chinnammu Amma.<ref name="anoop" /> Her style was characterized by slow diction, soft body movements, and cultured acting.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam" /> This later became the Kalamandalam style with minor variations and modifications.<ref name="Sarvavijnanakosam" />

None of the early teachers of Kalamandalam, including Chinnammu Amma, had any sympathy on dancers who sacrificed artistic values for the sake of public popularity.<ref name="chintha">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-04-02 |title=മോഹിനിയാട്ടം ചരിത്രവഴികളിലൂടെ |url=https://chintha.in/?p=9857 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Chintha |publisher=Chintha magazine |language=ml}}</ref> Chinnammu Amma and Kalamandalam Sathyabhama, who was a prominent disciple of her, were teachers who worked hard to nurture this art with its traditional purity and without going solely with public taste.<ref name="chintha" />

==Awards and honors==
In 1972, she received first ever [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in Mohiniyattam.<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web |title=T. Chinnammu Amma |url=https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/T.%20C.%20Amma.pdf |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-date=2025-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514120300/https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/T.%20C.%20Amma.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinnammu Amma, Thottassery}}

[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Mohiniyattam dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]

List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam

2026-03-07T12:38:05Z

Gaurav:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Other uses|Member of Parliament (India)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
The [[Rajya Sabha]] (meaning the "Council of States") is the upper house of the Parliament of India. [[Assam]] elects 7 seats since 1956 (one more than 1952-1956).<ref name=RSat-work>{{cite web |title=Composition of Rajya Sabha - Rajya Sabha At Work |url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf |website=rajyasabha.nic.in |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi |accessdate=28 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020442/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2016 }}</ref> Members are indirectly elected by state legislators (elected politicians) of [[Assam]]. The number of the seven seats allocated to each party is proportional to the legislators' number at the time of nomination. Each party in Assam thus meeting a minimum quota of {{frac|1|7}} of the local seats nominates a member; if a party has {{frac|2|7}} to {{frac|3|7}}ths of the local seats those legislators select two members (and so forth).

Elections within the state legislatures are held using [[proportional representation]] via [[single transferable vote]].

==Current members==
'''Keys:'''
{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|4}}
{{Party legend|United People's Party Liberal|1}}
{{Party legend|Asom Gana Parishad|1}}
{{Party legend|Anchalik Gana Morcha|1}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
! style="width:200px" | Name
!colspan="2"| Party
!Term start
!Term end
|-
|1
|[[Kanad Purkayastha]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|15-Jun-2025
|14-Jun-2031
|-
|2
|[[Pabitra Margherita]]
|03-Apr-2022
|02-Apr-2028
|-
|3
|[[Bhubaneswar Kalita]]
|10-Apr-2020
|09-Apr-2026
|-
|4
|[[Rameswar Teli]]
|28-Aug-2024
|09-Apr-2026
|-
|5
|[[Rwngwra Narzary]]
| {{party name with colour|United People's Party Liberal}}
|03-Apr-2022
|02-Apr-2028
|-
|6
|[[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]
| {{party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|15-Jun-2025
|14-Jun-2031
|-
|7
|[[Ajit Kumar Bhuyan]]
|{{party name with colour|Anchalik Gana Morcha}}
|10-Apr-2020
|09-Apr-2026
|}

== Former members ==
* Star (*) Represents current Rajya Sabha members from as:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Term(s)
!Notes
|-
|[[Jogen Mohan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|10-Apr-2026
|09-Apr-2032
|1
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-06 |title=Opposition skips Assam Rajya Sabha race; NDA fields candidates for all three seats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/opposition-skips-assam-rajya-sabha-race-nda-fields-candidates-for-all-three-seats/articleshow/129130348.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Terash Gowalla]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|10-Apr-2026
|09-Apr-2032
|1
|
|-
|[[Pramod Boro]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}" |
|[[United People's Party Liberal|UPPL]]
|10-Apr-2026
|09-Apr-2032
|1
|
|-
|[[Kanad Purkayastha]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|15-Jun-2025
|14-Jun-2031
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-13 |title=BJP’s Kanad Purkayastha, AGP’s Baishya elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Assam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjps-kanad-purkayastha-agp-s-baishya-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-assam-101749835366000.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times |language=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|15-Jun-2025
|14-Jun-2031
|3
|
|-
|[[Rameswar Teli]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|28-Aug-2024
|09-Apr-2026
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Sarbananda Sonowal]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BJP's Rameswar Teli and Mission Ranjan Das win Rajya Sabha seats from Assam unopposed |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-bjps-rameswar-teli-and-mission-ranjan-das-win-rajya-sabha-seats-unopposed-753478 |access-date= |website=Wion |language=en|date=2024-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mission Ranjan Das]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|28-Aug-2024
|14-Jun-2025
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Pabitra Margherita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|03-Apr-2022
|02-Apr-2028
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newly sworn-in RS MPs Pabitra Gogoi Margherita, Rwngwra Narzary meet BJP chief JP Nadda |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/newly-sworn-in-rs-mps-pabitra-gogoi-margherita-rwngwra-narzary-meet-bjp-chief-jp-nadda20220404151039/ |access-date= |website=ANI News |language=en|date=2022-04-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rwngwra Narzary]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}" |
|[[United People's Party Liberal|UPPL]]
|03-Apr-2022
|02-Apr-2028
|1
|
|-
|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|27-Sep-2021
|04-Jun-2024
|1
|elected to [[Dibrugarh Assembly constituency|Dibrugarh Assembly]]
by-election due to resignation of [[Biswajit Daimary]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-27 |title=Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/union-minister-sarbananda-sonowal-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-7514241.html |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhubaneshwar Kalita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|10-Apr-2020
|09-Apr-2026
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-18 |title=Assam: Ajit Bhuyan, Biswajit Daimary, Bhubaneswar Kalita Officially Elected to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-ajit-bhuyan-biswajit-daimary-bhubaneswar-kalita-officially-elected-rajya-sabha-406728-2020-03-18 |access-date= |website=India Today NE |language=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Biswajit Daimary]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]]
|10-Apr-2020
|02-May-2021
|3
|elected to [[Panery Assembly constituency|Panery Assembly]]
|-
|[[Ajit Kumar Bhuyan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|10-Apr-2020
|09-Apr-2026
|1
|
|-
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|15-Jun-2019
|04-Jun-2024
|1
|elected to [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-28 |title=AGP-BJP Alliance Wins Rajya Sabha Election Unopposed |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/agp-bjp-alliance-wins-rajya-sabha-election-unopposed-399695-2019-05-28 |access-date= |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|15-Jun-2019
|14-Jun-2025
|2
|
|-
|[[Ripun Bora]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2016
|02-Apr-2022
|1
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-21 |title=Congress wins two Rajya Sabha seats in Assam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-wins-two-rajya-sabha-seats-in-assam/articleshow/51498288.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ranee Narah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2016
|02-Apr-2022
|1
|
|-
|[[Bhubaneshwar Kalita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-2014
|05-Aug-2019
|4
|resigned<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-05 |title=Bhubaneswar Kalita resigns from Congress to protest party's stand on Article 370 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/senior-congress-leader-bhubaneswar-kalita-resigns-to-protest-party-stand-on-article-370/articleshow/70536154.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sanjaya Sinh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-2014
|30-Jul-2019
|1
|resigned<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-31 |title=Sanjay Sinh resigns from Congress, Rajya Sabha, to join BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sanjay-singh-resigns-from-congress-rajya-sabha-to-join-bjp/articleshow/70448603.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Biswajit Daimary]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]]
|10-Apr-2014
|09-Apr-2020
|2
|
|-
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-2013
|14-Jun-2019
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-05-31 |title=PM re-elected to Rajya Sabha for fifth time |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/May/31/pm-re-elected-to-rajya-sabha-for-fifth-time-482158.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Santiuse Kujur]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-2013
|14-Jun-2019
|1
|
|-
|[[Pankaj Bora]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|16-Dec-2011
|02-Apr-2016
|1
|by-election due to death of [[Silvius Condpan]]
|-
|[[Naznin Faruque]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2010
|02-Apr-2016
|1
|
|-
|[[Silvius Condpan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2010
|10-Oct-2011
|2
|death<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-10-10 |title=Rajya Sabha MP from Assam and a veteran Congress leader Silvius Condpan died at AIIMS in New Delhi on Monday after suffering from prolonged illness. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rajya-sabha-mp-from-assam-and-a-veteran-congress-leader-silvius-condpan-died-at-aiims-in-new-delhi-on-monday-after-suffering-from-prolonged-illness-/articleshow/10304723.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhubaneshwar Kalita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-2008
|09-Apr-2014
|3
|
|-
|[[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|10-Apr-2008
|09-Apr-2014
|1
|
|-
|[[Biswajit Daimary]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]]
|10-Apr-2008
|09-Apr-2014
|1
|
|-
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-2007
|14-Jun-2013
|4
|
|-
|[[Kumar Deepak Das]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|15-Jun-2007
|14-Jun-2013
|1
|
|-
|[[Anwara Taimur]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2004
|02-Apr-2010
|1
|
|-
|[[Silvius Condpan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-2004
|02-Apr-2010
|1
|
|-
|[[Karnendu Bhattacharjee]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-2002
|09-Apr-2008
|1
|
|-
|[[Dwijendra Nath Sharmah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-2002
|09-Apr-2008
|1
|
|-
|[[Urkhao Gwra Brahma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|10-Apr-2002
|09-Apr-2008
|1
|
|-
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-2001
|14-Jun-2007
|3
|
|-
|[[Indramoni Bora]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|15-Jun-2001
|14-Jun-2007
|1
|
|-
|[[Joyasree Goswami Mahanta]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|24-Aug-1999
|14-Jun-2001
|1
|by-election due to death of [[Parag Chaliha]]
|-
|[[Arun Kumar Sarmah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|03-Apr-1998
|02-Apr-2004
|1
|
|-
|Drupad Borgohain
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|03-Apr-1998
|02-Apr-2004
|1
|
|-
|[[Karnendu Bhattacharjee]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1996
|09-Apr-2002
|1
|
|-
|[[Basanti Sarma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1996
|09-Apr-2002
|2
|
|-
|[[Prakanta Warisa]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Autonomous State Demand Committee}}" |
|[[Autonomous State Demand Committee|ASDC]]
|10-Apr-1996
|09-Apr-2002
|1
|
|-
|[[Parag Chaliha]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|15-Jun-1995
|22-Jun-1999
|1
|death<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-06-22 |title=PARAGDHAR CHALIHA PASSES AWAY |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/paragdhar-chaliha-passes-away/cid/920575 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-1995
|14-Jun-2001
|2
|
|-
|Matang Sinh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1992
|02-Apr-1998
|1
|
|-
|Tara Charan Majumdar
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|03-Apr-1992
|02-Apr-1998
|1
|
|-
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|01-Oct-1991
|14-Jun-1995
|1
|by-election due to disqualification of Amritlal Basumatary
|-
|[[Basanti Sarma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Sep-1991
|09-Apr-1996
|1
|by-election due to death of [[Dinesh Goswami]]
|-
|[[Bhadreswar Buragohain]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|10-Apr-1990
|09-Apr-1996
|1
|
|-
|[[Dinesh Goswami]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|10-Apr-1990
|02-Jun-1991
|2
|death
|-
|[[Bhubaneshwar Kalita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1990
|09-Apr-1996
|2
|
|-
|Amritlal Basumatary
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha}}" |
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|IC(S)]]
|15-Jun-1989
|01-Aug-1991
|1
|disqualified
|-
|[[David Ledger]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|15-Jun-1989
|14-Jun-1995
|1
|
|-
|[[Nagen Saikia]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|03-Apr-1986
|02-Apr-1992
|1
|
|-
|[[Bijoya Chakravarty]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|03-Apr-1986
|02-Apr-1992
|1
|
|-
|Prithibi Majhi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1984
|09-Apr-1990
|1
|
|-
|Kamalendu Bhattacharjee
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1984
|09-Apr-1990
|1
|
|-
|[[Bhubaneshwar Kalita]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1984
|09-Apr-1990
|1
|
|-
|[[Baharul Islam]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-1983
|14-Jun-1989
|3
|
|-
|[[Dharanidhar Basumatari]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15-Jun-1983
|14-Jun-1989
|1
|
|-
|[[Biswa Goswami]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|03-Apr-1980
|02-Apr-1986
|1
|
|-
|[[Bijoy Krishna Handique]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1980
|02-Apr-1986
|1
|
|-
|[[Tilok Gogoi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|20-Jul-1977
|02-Apr-1980
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[D. K. Barooah]]
|-
|[[Robin Kakati]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|10-Apr-1978
|09-Apr-1984
|2
|
|-
|Ajit Kumar Sharma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|10-Apr-1978
|09-Apr-1984
|1
|
|-
|[[Dinesh Goswami]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1978
|09-Apr-1984
|1
|
|-
|[[Bipinpal Das]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1976
|02-Apr-1982
|1
|
|-
|Syed Abdul Malik
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1976
|02-Apr-1982
|1
|
|-
|[[D. K. Barooah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1974
|21-Mar-1977
|2
|elected to [[Nagaon Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaon Lok Sabha]]
|-
|[[Sriman Prafulla Goswami]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1974
|02-Apr-1980
|2
|
|-
|[[D. K. Barooah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|19-Jul-1973
|02-Apr-1974
|1
|
|-
|[[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|19-Jun-1972
|02-Apr-1974
|2
|by-election due to resignation of [[Baharul Islam]]
|-
|[[Bijoy Chandra Bhagavati]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1972
|09-Apr-1978
|1
|
|-
|Nabin Chandra Buragohain
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1972
|09-Apr-1978
|1
|
|-
|Nripati Ranjan Choudhury
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|10-Apr-1972
|09-Apr-1978
|1
|
|-
|[[Emonsing M Sangma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1970
|02-Apr-1976
|2
|
|-
|[[Bipinpal Das]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1970
|02-Apr-1976
|1
|
|-
|[[Baharul Islam]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1968
|20-Jan-1972
|2
|resigned
|-
|[[Golap Borbora]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]]
|03-Apr-1968
|02-Apr-1974
|1
|
|-
|[[Sriman Prafulla Goswami]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|04-May-1967
|02-Apr-1972
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
|-
|[[Emonsing M Sangma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|04-May-1967
|02-Apr-1970
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[A Thanglura]]
|-
|[[Usha Barthakur]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1966
|02-Apr-1972
|1
|
|-
|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1966
|25-Feb-1967
|2
|elected to [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta Lok Sabha]]
|-
|Mahitosh Purakayastha
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1966
|21-Mar-1972
|1
|resigned
|-
|[[Purnananda Chetia]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1964
|02-Apr-1970
|1
|
|-
|[[A Thanglura]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1964
|02-Feb-1967
|1
|elected to Aizwal West Assembly
|-
|[[A. Thanglura]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|20-Jun-1962
|02-Apr-1964
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Joy Bhadra Hagjer]]
|-
|[[Baharul Islam]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1962
|02-Apr-1968
|1
|
|-
|[[Robin Kakati]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1962
|02-Apr-1968
|1
|
|-
|[[Bedavati Buragohain]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1960
|02-Apr-1966
|2
|
|-
|[[Lila Dhar Barooah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1960
|02-Apr-1966
|2
|
|-
|Suresh Chandra Deb
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1960
|02-Apr-1966
|2
|
|-
|[[Lila Dhar Barooah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|27-Aug-1958
|02-Apr-1960
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]]
|-
|[[Joy Bhadra Hagjer]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1958
|17-Mar-1962
|1
|resigned
|-
|Maulana Tayyebulla
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1958
|02-Apr-1964
|2
|
|-
|Suresh Chandra Deb
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-May-1957
|02-Apr-1960
|1
|by-election due to resignation of [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
|-
|[[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|01-Dec-1956
|09-Apr-1958
|1
|elected to [[Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly constituency|Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly]]
new seat added after [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]
|-
|Purna Chandra Sharma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1956
|02-Apr-1962
|1
|
|-
|[[Pushpalata Das]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1956
|02-Apr-1962
|2
|
|-
|[[Bedavati Buragohain]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1954
|02-Apr-1960
|1
|
|-
|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1954
|25-Mar-1957
|1
|elected to [[Jania Assembly constituency|Jania Assembly]]
|-
|[[Raymond Thanhlira]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1958
|1
|
|-
|Maulana Tayyebulla
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1958
|1
|
|-
|[[Pushpalata Das]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1956
|1
|
|-
|Mohammad Roufique
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1956
|1
|
|-
|Surya Kumar Bhuyan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1954
|1
|
|-
|Lakshesvar Borooah
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|03-Apr-1952
|02-Apr-1954
|1
|
|}
== References ==
<references/>

{{Rajya Sabha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajya Sabha Members From Assam}}
[[Category:Lists of members of the Rajya Sabha|Assam]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Assam| ]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Assam]]

1991 Punjab killings

2026-03-06T21:42:43Z

Gaurav: improved article to improve readability and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|Killing of passengers on two trains in Punjab}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1991 Punjab killings
| location = [[Ludhiana district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| date = June–Dec 1991
| fatalities = 125
| injuries =
| type = [[Mass shooting]]
| target = [[Punjabi Hindus]]
| perpetrators = [[Khalistan Commando Force]] (Alleged) <ref name="GM">{{cite news|title=A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar's death, mysteries remain about how he really lived|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-a-year-after-hardeep-singh-nijjars-death-mysteries-remain-about-how-he/|year=2024|publisher=The Globe and Mail|quote= In 1991, KCF militants boarded a train, separated Sikhs from Hindus, then slaughtered 125 Hindus, many of them children.}}</ref>
| motive = [[Khalistan movement|Sikh Separatism]]
}}

{{coord|30.883|75.85|display=title}}

The '''1991 Punjab killings''' were a series of train massacres that occurred on 15 June 1991 and 26 December 1991 in the [[Ludhiana district]] of the Indian State of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. Allegedly [[Khalistani]] militants killed 125 [[Punjabi Hindu]] passengers<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4059486.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110615073718/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4059486.html|url-status=dead|archive-date = 2011-06-15|title = Sikhs attack India trains, killing 126|newspaper = Chicago Sun-Times|publication-date = 17 June 1991 | access-date=21 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name="GM" /> in these incidents.

==Events==
===June 1991===
The militants stopped the two trains about a kilometre from Ludhiana station by pulling the [[Emergency brake (train)#India|emergency cords, triggering emergency brakes]]. They proceeded to open fire inside the trains at around 9:35 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), killing at least 80 passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=110 in two trains gunned down by Punjab militants |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S4xlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1867%2C3514819 |access-date=9 December 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=16 June 1991 |page=1}}</ref> After the attackers fled, the train moved back to Badduwal station, where the rescue team arrived with doctors. Local villagers helped the survivors with food, water, medicine, and mental support.<ref name=":0">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/16/world/extremists-in-india-kill-80-on-2-trains-as-voting-nears-end.html | title=Extremists in India Kill 80 on 2 Trains As Voting Nears End | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=16 June 1991 | first=Barbara | last=Crossette | access-date=21 March 2018 }}</ref> The attacks came less than five hours after polling closed in a national election already marred by violence and interrupted by the assassination of ex-Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] around a month prior.<ref name=":0" />

===December 1991===
On 26 December Thursday , four men, believed to have been Khalistani, boarded a local passenger train travelling from [[Ludhiana]] to [[Ferozepur]] at Ludhiana. They pulled the emergency cord about 7:30 in the evening near a village called Sohian. Six other armed militants climbed aboard the train at the Sohian crossing. The militants shot at passengers who appeared to be Hindu using AK-47s. All but two of the 49 victims were Hindus. After the massacre, the gunmen left the train and disappeared into the night.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/27/world/49-slain-by-gunmen-on-train-in-india.html | title=49 Slain by Gunmen on Train in India | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=27 December 1991 | first=Edward A. | last=Gargan | access-date=21 March 2018 }}</ref>

== Preceding Historical Context ==
The idea of Khalistan, a separate Sikh homeland, developed over time due to both colonial and post-independence events. During British rule in India, the government often treated Sikhs and Hindus as separate groups. Sikhs were heavily recruited into the British army and sometimes used against Hindu-led states that resisted British control. After India became independent in 1947, problems between the central government and the Punjab region began to grow. Many Sikhs felt politically and economically overlooked, and over time, some began to support the idea of creating their own independent nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Khalistan Movement: History & Resurgence in the Western Diaspora |url=https://www.hinduamerican.org/khalistan/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Hindu American Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[1987 Punjab killings]]
* [[List of Victims of Terrorism in Indian Punjab]]
* [[List of bus killings during Punjab insurgency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite news |title=74 were killed in Punjab train carnage |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TIxlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=766%2C3602871 |access-date=9 December 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 June 1991 |page=5}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjab killings}}
[[Category:1991 mass murders]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1991]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents on railway systems in India]]
[[Category:June 1991 in Asia]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{terrorism-stub}}
{{massacre-stub}}
[[Category:Anti-Hindu violence in India]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:1991 murders in India]]
[[Category:1990s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1991 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents in 1991]]

Patil (title)

2026-03-04T20:43:04Z

Gaurav: Started A Entry Nd Citations

{{short description|Indian honorific title}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}

The '''Patil''' ([[Hindi]]: पाटील) (meaning "village headman")<ref name="Sturman2012"/><ref name="BayerLanguages1983">{{cite book|author1=Jennifer Marie Bayer|author2=Central Institute of Indian Languages|title=To greater heights: faculty research of CIIL, 1969-1979|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CghAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages|page=506|quote=The village chief is called Karbhari in Marathi. There is another word viz., patil for village chief. Mr. Sarwate and Gujarati translator Mr. Vidvansa have translated this Karbhari word as 'patel' which is equivalent of Marathi word 'patil'. }}</ref> is an Indian last name and a [[Indian honorifics|title]] or surname. The female variant of the title is '''''Patlin''''' or '''''Patlinbai''''', and is also used to describe the wife of a Patil.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVc6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Marathi|author1=Ramesh Vaman Dhongde|author2=Kashi Wali|year=2009|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|page=41|isbn=9789027288837 |quote=patil 'village head' patlin 'wife of village-head'}}</ref>

Patil is the Marathi [[apabhramsha]] of the word "Pattakil" ('''पट्टकिल''').<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-03-08 |title=Pattakila, Paṭṭakila: 5 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pattakila |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Shilahara]] period, "pattakil" was the designation of the officer responsible for tax collection and local administration.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dipesh Karmarkar |title=Understanding Place Names in 'Mahikavati's Bakhar': A Case of Mumbai-Thane Region |journal=Studies in Indian Place Names |issn=2394-3114 |publisher=Place Names Society of India |location=Mysore |volume=XXXI |year=2012 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308925531 |page=130 }}</ref> Historically, a Patil was the head of a village working under a [[Deshmukh]] who was head of the district. Under [[Deccan sultanates]], and the [[Maratha Empire]], the Patil was the village headman and the most important [[Vatandar]] of the village.<ref name="Sturman2012">{{cite book|author=Rachel Sturman|title=The Government of Social Life in Colonial India: Liberalism, Religious Law, and Women's Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8sBm3C-3RykC&pg=PA53|date=29 June 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01037-6|pages=53|quote=These were the district head (deshmukh), district accountant (deshpande), village headman (patil), village accountant (kulkarni) and village menial (mahar)}}</ref> His main duties were to be the collector of revenue, as well as being the head of police and justice.<ref name=AMDeshpande>{{cite book|first=Arvind M. |last=Deshpande|title=John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79sS_w_bOQYC&pg=PA118|year=1987|publisher=Mittal Publications|page=118}}</ref>

In [[Konkan]], a Patil was called "Khot". Historian Ness writes that "what the Patil and [[Kulkarni]] were to a village, the [[Deshmukh]] or [[Deshpande]] were to the district, or [[Pargana]]".<ref name="Long2004">{{cite book|editor=Roger D. Long|title=Charisma and Commitment in South Asian History: Essays Presented to Stanley Wolpert|chapter= The Saturday Oil-pressers: The Bene Israel in the Konkan| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUAVk84xBGUC&pg=PA100|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2641-9|pages=100|author= Brenda Joseph Ness}}</ref>

Patil settled villages and collected revenues from the villagers, thus a Patil family typically owned 80-90 percent of village land. Colonising multiple villages promoted a Patil to a Deshmukh. The Patil was entitled to several free services from village peasants and artisans. The Patil presided over all village festivals, such as [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]], [[Diwali]] and [[Holi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600-1818, Volume 2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521033169 |page=23 |date=February 2007 }}</ref> Patil watan was held by [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhan|first1=B.V.|title=Proceedings of Indian History Congress|date=2000|publisher=Indian History Congress|page=178|quote=deshmukh and patil watandars mostly belonged to the Maratha caste and very rarely to the brahmin or the muslim community .|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQ9DAAAAYAAJ&q=maratha%20patil%20watan|accessdate= 11 April 2023}}</ref> [[Dhangar]]-[[Hatkar]], [[Lingayatism|Lingayat]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ishwaran|first1=Karigoudar|title=A populistic community and modernization in India|date=1977|publisher=E. J. Brill|page=58|quote=Prior to the introduction of the modern Panchayat system of elections, the traditional political office of village headmanship was hereditary, and controlled by the large Lingayat patrilineage of Patil.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNYUAAAAIAAJ|accessdate= 11 April 2023}}</ref> [[Brahmin]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhanu|first1=B.V.|title=People of India|date=2004|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|page=478|quote=The secular Deshastha Brahmins have such surnames as Desai, Deshpande, Deshmukh, Kulkarni and Patil.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC|accessdate= 11 April 2023}}</ref> [[Jain]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Sabyasachi|title=Education and the Disprivileged Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India|date=2002|publisher= Orient BlackSwan|page=43|quote=Bhaurao Patil Known as ' Karmaveer ' ( hero of action ), Bhaurao Patil ( 1887–1959 ) was the most unusual and ... A Jain from the chiefly agricultural Jains of southern Maharashtra ( as opposed to the merchant Jains of Gujarat)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC&dq=bhaurao+patil+jain&pg=PA43|accessdate= 11 April 2023}}</ref> and [[Muslims|Muslim]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Verma|first1=Dinesh Chandra|title=Social, economic, and cultural history of Bijapur|date=1990|publisher= Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli Delhi|page=56|quote=The patil was seldom a Brahmin, Muhammadan Patils were by no means rare.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9JHAAAAMAAJ|accessdate= 11 April 2023}}</ref> communities of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref>Sen, S., 1925. Administrative system of the Marathas. University of Calcutta, Calcutta. page 216 [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&q=administrative+system+of+the+maratha++sen&btnG=]</ref> This watan was either purchased or granted by the king.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kulkarni|first1=R.A|title=Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji|date=1969|publisher=R.J. Deshmukh|page=32|quote=We come across some Brahmin Patil as well. It was mainly due to the purchase of a Patilki watan or grant of such a watan by the king.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJNirJVU9PUC&q=brahman+patilki|accessdate=2 April 2018}}</ref>

The ancestors of some of the important personalities of the Maratha empire held hereditary Patilki rights for villages in Maharashtra. [[Shivaji]]'s family had Patilki rights at Verul.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=S. |title=The Marathas 1600-1818. |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press. |location=Cambridge UK |isbn=978-0521-26883-7 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&dq=maloji+bhosale+patil+verul&pg=PR9}}</ref><ref name="Sardesai, G.S. 1946">Sardesai, G.S., 1946. New history of the Marathas. Vol. I: Shivaji and his line (1600-1701). Phoenix Publications, Bombay.</ref> Shivaji grandfather, Maloji bought Patilki rights to additional villages in present day [[Pune district]].<ref name="Sardesai, G.S. 1946"/><ref name="Kulkarni2008">{{cite book|author=Prof. A. R. Kulkarni|title=The Marathas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N45LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT8|date=1 July 2008|publisher=Diamond Publications|isbn=978-81-8483-073-6|pages=8–}}</ref> The ancestors of [[Shinde]] rulers of Gwalior held similar rights in the village of [[Kanherkhed]] in [[Satara district]].<ref name="Rathod1994">{{cite book|author=N. G. Rathod|title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA1|year=1994|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-85431-52-9|pages=1–}}</ref> Similarly [[Vinchurkar|Sardar Vithal Sadashiv Vinchurkar]] (Dani) held Patilki of [[Vinchur]] village in [[Chandwad]] pargana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vinchoorkar |first1=S. R. |title=A brief History of the Vinchoorkar Family |publisher=Arya Bhusltana Press, Pune |page=42 |quote=When he had occasion to stay in the Deccan, Holkar fixed his residence at Chandwnd; for before he was Holkar. he had been the Deshmnkh of Chandwad. As Vinchoor formed a part of Chandwad, the honour of being a Patil thereof was claimed by Vithal Shivdev.}}</ref>

The majority of Patils were [[Literacy|illiterate]], with exception of [[Deshastha Brahmin]] families such as the [[Vinchurkar]]s (Dani), [[Purandare]]s, Sambranis and Tulshibagwales.<ref>{{cite book|title=The evolution and growth patterns of international trade|page=77|author=Lila T. Patil|publisher=World Press|year=1970|quote=Their family surname is really Sambrani and the unusual surname of Patil, unusual for Deshastha Brahmins, comes from the Patilki of Mugadh village near Dharwar City}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Vinchurkar |first1=S.R |title=A Brief Story of the Vinchurkar family |publisher=Arya Bhushana Press, Pune |page=1 |quote=They were originally Danis of Saswada doing duty as recorders of grain and accepting a portion of the same as their Kulkarni Vatan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hatekar|first1=Neeraj|title='Economic Backwardness' in History Deviation from a Eurocentric Theme|journal=IRIS Knowledge Foundation|pages=15, 16|accessdate=2 April 2018|url=http://services.iriskf.org/data/articles/Economic_B1211200557.pdf|publisher=Department of Economics, University of Mumbai, Mumbai|quote=The Patilki of Kokamthan was held by four co-sharers. One of them wished to sell it, probably because he could not pay the govt. revenue due to him. Abaji Purandare agreed to buy it for Rs.5000, assuming it to be free of other encumbrances......The villagers approached Naro Appaji Tulshibagwale, who agreed to buy the Patilki for Rs.5000.00 and pay the villagers Rs.2960. Note that Naro Appaji Tulshibagwale and Abaji Purandare were Deshastha Brahmins.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Vinchoorkar |first1=S. R. |title=A brief History of the Vinchoorkar Family |publisher=Arya Bhusltana Press, Pune |page=42 |quote=When he had occasion to stay in the Deccan, Holkar fixed his residence at Chandwnd; for before he was Holkar. he had been the Deshmukh of Chandwad. As Vinchoor fOrmed a part of Chandwad, the honour of being a Patil thereof was claimed by Vithal Shivdev.}}</ref><ref name=atre/><ref name=sovani/><ref name=keer/> Hence the correspondence would be carried in the name of Patil and [[Kulkarni]] and they would jointly sign all government documents. The Patil would typically put his thumbprint or other marks on the document. The Kulkarni would sometimes take advantage of the illiteracy of the Patil and "use him as a tool". [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur]], a social reformer, decided to end the dependency of the Patil on the Kulkarni. On 15 May 1912, he started a school called the "Patil School" to train future Patils in their duties as village officers. This school was in operation for seven years. The [[Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics]] commented that in 1955, it was made mandatory for the Police Patil to be educated up to at least the 4th grade although he was not usually a literate person before.<ref name=atre>{{cite book|title=The village cart: translation of T.N. Atre's Gaav gada|page=78|author=Trimbaka Nārāyaṇa Ātre|year=2000|quote=As most patils are illiterate the entire correspondence of a village is conducted in the joint name of the patil-kulkarni and both these officials are required to sign all government papers ( an illiterate Patil puts down his thumb impression or other mark).}}</ref><ref name=sovani>{{cite book|title=Fertility Survey of Nasik, Kolaba and Satara (North) Districts|page=62|author1=N. V. Sovani|author2= Kumudini Dandekar|year=1955|quote=The Police Patil, a village officer, is responsible for the vital registration. Though at present there is a regulation that the Police Patil should be educated up to at least the 4th vernacular standard, he was not always a literate person before.|publisher=Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics}}</ref><ref name=keer>{{cite book|title=Shahu Chhatrapati: A Royal Revolutionary|page=216|author=Dhananjay Keer|year=1976|quote=He declared on February 21,912 that he would start in commemoration at the Imperial Coronation Darbar at Delhi, a special school called the Delhi Darbar Memorial Patil School, to train the Patil's sons for the duties of village officers and improve the quality of their work. The names of the candidates were called till may 15, 1912, on which date the school was started. The students were not charged fees for the first year. The school was sometimes mentioned as the Patil school or the Delhi Durbar Patil School. The Patils formed an important class of hereditary village officers. They were mostly illiterate, ignorant and unable to do their duties properly. To make the Patil independent of the Kulkarni, who always took advantage of his illiteracy and used the Patil as a tool, special subjects were taught in the school (1)revenue (2)criminal work (3)village accounts (4)sanitation. The school seems to have run for about seven years}}</ref>

==See also==
[[Patil (surname)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Paatil}}

[[Category:Indian feudalism]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]

Adavi Simhalu

2026-03-03T19:00:47Z

Gaurav: refined section for clarity for consistency

{{Multiple issues|
{{unreliable sources|date=September 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Adavi Simhalu
| image = Adavi Simhalu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Satyanand {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story =
| screenplay = K. Raghavendra Rao
| producer = C. Ashwini Dutt
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| starring = [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] [[Krishnam Raju]] [[Jaya Prada]] [[Sridevi]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = K. S. Prakash
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0186798/ |title=Adavi Simhalu (Overview) |work=IMDb}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|1983|04|28|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Adavi Simhalu''''' ({{translation}} ''Forest Lions'') is a 1983 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]], produced by C. Ashwini Dutt under the [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] banner<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/adavi-simhalu-1983-telugu-movie |title=Adavi Simhalu (Banner) |work=Filmiclub |access-date=2 September 2016 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027123655/https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/adavi-simhalu-1983-telugu-movie |url-status=dead }}</ref> and directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourfilms.com/film/Adavi-Simhalu/8956 |title=Adavi Simhalu (Direction) |work=IMDb |access-date=2 September 2016 |archive-date=19 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119051733/http://www.knowyourfilms.com/film/Adavi-Simhalu/8956 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film stars [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Jaya Prada]], [[Sridevi]] and music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/adavi-simhaalu-movie/17163 |title=Adavi Simhalu (Cast & Crew) |work=gomolo.com |access-date=2 September 2016 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025212239/http://www.gomolo.com/adavi-simhaalu-movie/17163 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was simultaneously made in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Jaani Dost]]'' with [[Dharmendra]], [[Jeetendra]], Sridevi and [[Parveen Babi]] in pivotal roles. Both movies were made simultaneously by the same banner and director, some of the scenes and artists are replicated in both versions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugu.filmibeat.com/movies/adavi-simhalu/review.html |title=Adavi Simhalu (Review) |work=Filmibeat}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins at Raj Nagar estate, whose owner, Raja Narendra Varma, lives with his wife Annapurnamma, their son Krishna, and they are on the verge of having a daughter. Here, vindictive brother-in-law Kondala Rao / Cobra ruses and slays Dharam Raj in an accident. Krishna is mislaid in it and befriends an orphan, Raju, who aims to civilize him, sacrificing his own. Years roll by, and Raju becomes a truck driver, whereas Krishna turns into a daredevil gangster as a white knight for Cobra's sibling Hari, that is always under the veil. Once, Raju secures a charming Lalitha, the unbeknownst sibling of Krishna, and falls for her. In tandem, Krishna crushes the lionhearted Rekha. Meanwhile, Raju spots Krishna's true self when discord arises, which soothes him by declaring Krishna an undercover cop. He seizes the total criminals of the country, but Hari flees. Thus, enraged Cobra incriminates Raju, forcibly knitting Lalitha with a stranger by endangering Annapurnamma and ploys to kill her. Just after, Cobra & Hari abscond to their crime wing of the forest. Ergo, Raju breaks the bars, and Krishna chases to hold him. Rekha also accompanies him by detecting Hari as a hoodwinker of her mother. Knowing it, Cobra attempts to destroy them, but they escape and face Lalitha eluded. Moreover, Krishna unearths his birth and realizes Lalitha is his sister. Now, Raju & Krishna tough nut Cobra in the veil of ''Adavi Simhalu''. So, Cobra sets up a rivalry between the two, and the battle erupts when they fathom the actuality. At last, they cease Cobra & gang. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriages of Raju & Lalitha and Krishna & Rekha.

==Cast==
*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as Krishna
*[[Krishnam Raju]] as Raju
*[[Jaya Prada]] as Lalita
*[[Sridevi]] as Rekha
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Cobra Kondala Rao
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Hari
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]]
*[[Prasad Babu]] as Naagu
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as Dada
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]]
*[[Chalapathi Rao]]
*[[Malladi (actor)|Malladi]] as Priest
*[[Mada Venkateswara Rao|Mada]]
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] as Annapurnamma
*[[Mucherla Aruna]]
*[[Silk Smitha]]

== Soundtrack ==
{{empty section|date=September 2019}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|0186798}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:1980s action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Films set in forests]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1983 drama films]]
[[Category:Vyjayanthi Movies films]]

Bhaona

2026-02-24T10:24:03Z

Gaurav: expanded content

{{Short description|Traditional form of play from Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[File:RAM BIJOY ANKIA NAAT2.jpg|thumb|A bhaona performance]]

'''Bhaona''' is a traditional performing art form that originated in [[Assam]]. It is a [[Hindu]] religious art form, in which scenes are enacted from various mythological events and folklore. The art evolved from the songs composed by [[Vaishnavite]] saint [[Sankardev]] in the early sixteenth century CE.

A Bhaona is a performance of [[Nat]] or one-act play. A sutradhar acts as the director and narrator of the performance. The act is performed by actors (Bhaoriya) accompanied by singers (Gayan), and music from traditional instruments played by instrumentalists (Baayan).It is mainly of two types, 1. [[Bhaona]] and 2. [[Ankiya nat]].

Raw Bhaona was made on the language "Barjawalli", which was a language made by Srimant Sankardeva, In modern bhaona "Matrivasha" or mother tongue is used i.e. Assamese.

== History ==
A Bhaona is a traditional performing art form that originated in [[Assam]].{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=62-63}}{{sfn|Bhuyan|2007|p=48}}
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2986082.ece |title=Assam's traditional Ankiya Bhaona to get new lease of life |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 March 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> It is a staging or performance of an [[Ankiya Nat]] or a one-act play (''Ankit'' meaning one act and ''Nat'' means play or drama).{{sfn|Snook|Nath|Buck|2023|p=1}}{{sfn|Lal|2004|p=12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assaminfo.com/culture/4/bhaona-traditional-form-of-assameseentertainment.htm |title=Bhaona: Traditional form of assamese entertainment |work=Assaminfo|access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

[[Sankardev]] was a [[Vaishnavite]] saint and [[polymath]] from the 15-16th century CE.{{sfn|Neog|1980|p=98-101}}{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=63}} As Sankardev adopted a spiritual life, he traveled across the lands and came across the various tribes of the hills. With the thought of conveying religious messages and ethical ways of life, he composed several songs, which formed basis of the Ankiya Bhaona art form.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=64}}{{sfn|Snook|Nath|Buck|2023|p=1}} Sankaradeva took inspiration from various [[Sanskrit]] texts, and modeled the bhaonas on them.<ref>{{cite book|title=Srimanta Sankaradeva: Vaishnava Saint of Assam|last=Phukan|first=Bimal|year=2017|publisher=[[Partridge Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-482-88698-6|chapter=Ankiya Nat or Bhaona}}</ref>{{sfn|Banerjee|Ghosh|2006|p=85}} The act generally involves stories from [[Hindu mythology]] and folklore. It usually revolves around the theme of victory of good over evil, and incorporates some kind of divine incorporation in the plays.{{sfn|Snook|Nath|Buck|2023|p=1}}

== Performance ==
The performance can be enacted any time during the day or night, all through the year. There are no specific time restrictions or seasons prescribed for the art form.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=65}} The art form are also varies across the [[Satra (Ekasarana Dharma)|satra]]s (Vaishnavite religious institutions) the actors are affiliated to.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=65}} A single bhaona performance can extend for days, and can be held on consecutive nights.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=67}}

=== Staging ===
The performance is usually carried out on an open stage in a public area. It can also be enacted in [[namghar]]s and enclosed [[pandal]]s.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=65}}<ref name="Bhaona"/> The stage is usually circular with audience seated around the same. Rectangular stages with raised platforms on one end are also used. A [[green room]] is made of temporary cloth screens, and the actors enter and exit the stage via the room.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=66}}

There are various different types of lights used to light the stage. Traditional lights placed around the stage consist of [[castor oil]] poured into hollowed out [[banana]] stems called ''bhota''s. Earthen lamps are placed on special curved structures made of a special type of [[bamboo]] called ''balukha'' and [[torch]]es are also used.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=66}}<ref name="Bhaona"/> Various colours are also brought up using special tools called ''sengeli''s, which are made of plant based material filled in pipes in a process known as ''mota''.<ref name="Bhaona"/>

The public are informed of a bhaona performance orally beforehand. The audience are seated in separated sections with land owners given priority. The audience are usually served [[betel leaves]] and [[betel nuts]].{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=67}}

=== Participants ===
[[File:Sutradhar in Bhaona.jpeg|thumb|A Sutradhar in a bhaona]]

A sutradhar forms the central part of the act.{{sfn|Snook|Nath|Buck|2023|p=1}} He acts as the director and narrator of the performance, while simultaneously engaging in singing and dancing. He introduces the characters, and controls their entry and exit from the act.<ref name="Bhaona">{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/education/ankia-nat-and-bhaona-the-first-dramatic-invention-of-eastern-india.html|title=Ankia Nat and Bhaona: The First Dramatic Invention of Eastern India|work=North East Now|date=11 June 2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Compared to Sanskrit plays where the sutradhar is limited to introducing and directing the act, the sutradhar in bhaonas take up a greater role.<ref name="Bhaona"/> Once someone attains a position of sutradhar, he remains so, and becomes a teacher to the younger artists.{{sfn|Banerjee|Ghosh|2006|p=68=69}}

The act is performed by actors called Bhaoriya, who are accompanied by singers (Gayan), and music from traditional instruments played by instrumentalists (Baayan).{{sfn|Snook|Nath|Buck|2023|p=1}} No women take part in the play, and female roles are enacted by men itself.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=70}} A single act in a bhaona is performed by bhaoriyas usually belonging to village of a specific satra. While actors can be exchanged within the same satra, it is prohibited to cross over to another satra.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=67}}

=== Costume and makeup ===
The sutradhar dresses in a white, tight fitting vest with a ''ghuri'', which consists of a single piece of cloth passed over the shoulders and crisscrossed at the chest to be tied at the waist. He wears [[silk]] [[turban]]s with golden borders, adorned with garlands of [[tulsi]] leaves. The sutradhar also wears special [[anklet]]s called ''nupur''s, made of [[iron]] or [[brass]] with metal pieces inside.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=70}} The gaayan and baayan wear a pointed headgear with a garland of tulsi, and white dresses made of [[Assam silk]].<ref name="Bhaona"/>

Artisans who enact the role of [[Krishna]] usually are coloured in blue and wear a [[yellow]] coloured [[dhoti]].{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=70}} Various colours for the makeup are obtained from natural plant based dyes called ''hengul hightali''.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=70-71}} The makeup man known as ''khanikar'' also uses products such as [[vermillion]], [[earthworm]] extract, [[ash]], [[jaggery]], and gum extracted from trees for makeup.<ref name="Bhaona"/> Participants use various types of [[mask]]s to enact characters such as [[Deva (Hinduism)|deva]]s, [[asura]]s, and other types of [[animals]] and [[birds]]. These masks are made of burnt mud, and are painted accordingly. Masks are specifically used in ''satriya'' dances.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=71}} Some of the actors might dress up as [[clown]]s to entertain the audience.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=71}}

=== Music ===
During the act, singers sing the songs mostly from the compositions of Sankardev. The songs are called Ankia Geet, composed across approximately 33 [[ragas]].<ref name="Bhaona"/> These songs are in two languages–[[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Brajavali]] languages.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=64}}<ref name="Bhaona"/> While Assamese is the native language, Brajavali was chosen by Sankardev as he probably felt that the scenes can be better expressed using the language.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=64-65}} Words from Assamese are also extensively used in Brajavali plays as well.<ref name="Bhaona"/> The songs sung during the act are classified into ''ghosa''s and ''vilap''s.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=68}}

The performance is accompanied by traditional instruments such as [[khol]]s, and [[cymbal|tol]]s. There are always an even numbers khols, which can range from two to sixty.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=65}}

=== Act ===
At the beginning of the performance, a prominent person narrates the history of bhaona (''ittibritta'') in a song called ''malita''.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=67-68}} The baayans play the khols in two or three stages with brief pauses in between in a performance known as ''dhyamali''. It is accompanied by a [[choir|chorus]] of gaayans. The players often jump and give jerking movements while playing the instruments.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=68}} Before the start of a dhyamali, lights are lighted on the stage.<ref name="Bhaona"/> After this, the sutradhar enters the stage screened by a white cloth held by his assistants. Once the screen is removed, he welcomes and salutes the audience with a [[namaskar]], and starts narrating the synopsis of the act. The sutradhar generally sings about [[Vishnu]]'s [[Dashavatara|ten avatars]] before the same.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=69}}

The main act follows, accompanied by music and songs. A sutradhar is always present during the entire course of the act, narrating the scenes and making entrance on to the stage at appropriate times.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=69}} Four types of dances–krishna nas, gopi nas, ras nas and notua nas are performed in a bhaona.<ref name="Bhaona"/> The act usually ends with a song known as ''koilankharman'', which signifies the end of a bhaona.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=71}}

==Variants==
A form of [[puppetry]] called Putala Bhaona is also practised in the region, which draws stories from the traditional Bhaona.{{sfn|Banerjee|Ghosh|2006|p=86}} [[Baresahariya Bhaona]] and [[Buka Bhaona]] are bhaona festivals based on the art form.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov0812/state05 |title=The Assam Tribune Online |work=[[Assam Tribune]] |date=8 November 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109165455/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov0812%2Fstate05 |archive-date=9 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/jamurighat-226th-barechahar-bhaona-celebration-to-be-held-in-march-630987|title=Jamurighat: 226th Barechahar Bhaona celebration to be held in March |work=The Sentinel|access-date=1 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last1=Banerjee|first1=Utpal|last2=Ghosh|first2=Sampa|title=The Folk-Dance of India|date=2006|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-8-170-17435-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Banerji|first=Projesh|url=https://archive.org/details/FolkDanceOfIndia/page/n24/mode/1up|title=The Folk-Dance of India|date=1959|publisher=Kitabistan}}
* {{cite book|last=Bhuyan|first=Abhijit|title=Namghar in Assam: A Comparative Study of the Namghars of Borbhogia Village and Bordowa Than/Satra|year=2007|isbn=978-8-182-06008-1|publisher=[[University of California]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Lal|first=Ananda|title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre|year=2004|isbn=978-0-195-64446-3|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Neog |first=Maheswar |author-link=Maheshwar Neog |title=Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times |year=1980 |url={{Google books|DcReZM-rI0MC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |place=Delhi }}
* {{cite book|first1=Barbara|last1=Snook|first2=Debarshi|last2=Nath|first3=Ralph|last3=Buck|title=Reflections of Dance Along the Brahmaputra: Celebrating Dance in North East India|year=2023|isbn=978-1-000-90148-1|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}

==External links==
{{Dance in India}}
{{Commons category|Bhaona}}

[[Category:Ekasarana Dharma]]
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Theatre of India]]

Star Vijay

2026-02-23T13:47:52Z

Gaurav:

{{short description|Tamil-language television channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Star Vijay
| logo = Star Vijay logo 2023.png
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2017
| owner = [[JioStar]]
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1994|11|24|df=yes}}
| former_names = {{Unbulleted_list|Golden Eagle Communication (GEC) (until 1995)|Vijay TV (1995–2001, 2021–present, international feed only)|Star Vijay (2001–present, India)}}
| network = [[JioStar]]
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[16:9]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| type = [[Television channel]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| headquarters = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| area = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|Krishnan Kutty (EVP & Channel Head)|Balachandran Rathinavel (Business Head)|Pradeep Milroy Peter (Programming Head)}}
| sister_channels = [[Colors Tamil]] [[Star Vijay Super]] [[Star Vijay Takkar]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.hotstar.com/1260000018|Star Vijay on Disney+ Hotstar}}
| online_serv_1 = [[JioHotstar]]
| online_chan_1 = India
}}

'''Star Vijay''' is an Indian [[Tamil language]] [[general entertainment]] [[pay television]] channel owned by [[JioStar]], a joint venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]]. The channel telecasts programmes such as serials, reality shows & Tamil films.

== History ==
The channel was first launched by [[N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar]] on 24 November 1994, as Golden Eagle Communication (GEC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/from-booze-to-news/200528 |title=From Booze To News |website=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/news_analysis/newsletter/091198/utv91198.htm |title=Why UTV bought Vijay TV |publisher=Indian Television}}</ref> That same year it applied for the line-up of [[StarHub TV|Singapore Cable Vision]] becoming the first Tamil channel on offer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cable Vision signs on Indian TV channel |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19950608-1.2.66.3.1 |access-date=25 July 2024 |work=The Straits Times |date=8 June 1995}}</ref> [[United Breweries Group]] acquired the channel in 1995 and renamed it as Vijay TV.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19960215-new-satellite-channels-exploit-public-fixation-in-tamil-nadu-833025-1996-02-15 |title=New satellite channels exploit public fixation in Tamil Nadu |author=G. C. SHEKHAR |date=15 February 1996 |magazine=India Today}}</ref> The [[UTV Software Communications|UTV Group]] bought the controlling interest from United Breweries Group in 1999 for {{currency|180|INR}} million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug15.htm |title=Star, UTV to sign a deal on Vijay TV handover Wednesday? |publisher=Indian Television}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/news_analysis/newsletter/080399/vijay8399.htm |title=Vijay TV relaunch date fixed |publisher=Indian Television}}</ref> In 2001, [[Star India]] took over the channel and rebranded it as ''Star Vijay.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/brand-equity/entertainment/star-india-buys-out-utvs-stake-in-vijay-tv/articleshow/808761.cms |title=Star India buys out UTV's stake in Vijay TV |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Star acquired 51 percent stake in Vijay TV with UTV holding the remaining 49 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/international-news/star-restructuring-vijay-tv-4001.html |title=Star restructuring Vijay TV – Exchange4media |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> In 2004, UTV Software Communications offloaded its entire 44 percent stake in Vijay TV to Star India for ₹31 crores.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/money/2004/aug/10utv.htm |title=UTV sells Vijay TV pie to Star |website=Rediff}}</ref>

This channel, along with [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]], was launched in [[Hong Kong]] in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/OUapfYfna62flzfIRq2MfM/STAR-launches-Star-One-and-Vijay-in-Hong-Kong.html |title=STAR launches Star One and Vijay in Hong Kong |website=Live Mint |date=16 March 2007}}</ref>

The [[High-definition television|high-definition]] feed, Star Vijay HD, was launched on 29 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Star-Vijay-launches-Vijay-HD/articleshow/52601105.cms |title=Star Vijay launches Vijay HD |date=5 June 2016 |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>

On 25 August 2016, its sibling channel [[Star Vijay Super]] was launched, which airs non-stop films and legacy television shows and later got revamped into a full movie channel with a tagline "Dhool Cinema Dhinam Dhinam".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.televisionpost.com/vijay-super-to-be-revamped-as-tamil-movie-channel/ |title=Vijay Super to be revamped as Tamil movie channel |website=Television Post}}</ref>

On 4 October 2020, it launched a music channel named Star Vijay Music,which was later rebranded as Star Vijay Takkar on October 9, 2022<ref name=":1" />.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2020 |title=Broadcasters see value in new channel launches despite covid |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/broadcasters-see-value-in-new-channel-launches-despite-covid-11603437761819.html |website=Live Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4 premiere: Kamal Haasan adds some color to grim 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/-bigg-boss-tamil-season-4-premiere-kamal-haasan-adds-some-color-to-grim-2020-1728312-2020-10-04 |website=India Today}}</ref>

== Programming ==
{{Main|List of programs broadcast by Star Vijay}}

== Sister Channels ==
=== [[Colors Tamil]] ===
Colors Tamil is an Indian Tamil language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India on 19 February 2018. The channel's headquarters is in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It primarily telecasts programs such as serials, reality shows and Tamil films.

=== Star Vijay Super ===
'''''Star Vijay Super''''' is an Indian Tamil language [[Pay television|movie pay television channel]] owned by [[JioStar]] a Joint Venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Vijay Television’s sister channel Vijay Super has been refreshed - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/announcements-news/star-vijays-sister-channel-vijay-television-rebrands-as-vijay-super-95120.html |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>

=== Star Vijay Takkar ===
'''''Star Vijay Takkar''''' is an Indian Tamil [[youth]] oriented entertainment pay television channel owned by [[JioStar]] a Joint Venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]] that was launched on 9 October 2022 replacing former channel '''''Star Vijay Music'''''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Singh 0 |first=Bhavya |title=Disney Star to Rebrand Vijay Music to Vijay Takkar on this Date |url=https://telecomtalk.info/disney-star-to-rebrand-vijay-music-to/563276/ |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=telecomtalk.info/ |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Vijay TV International===
'''''Vijay TV''''' is an International Versions for Star Vijay, pay television channel owned by [[JioStar]] a Joint Venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]] that was launched on 2002, Previously as '''''Star Vijay International''''' for Outside of Indian Tamils diasporas in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), South Africa, Europe, United Kingdom, North America (USA and Canada), Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia, On 22 January 2021, The channel are rebranding and based by Utsav Network for Yellow Colours to Vijay TV.

== Reception ==
When [[Star India]] took over the channel from UTV Communications, the channel's revenue, shares and advertising rates increased.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Tv Revenues Increase Post-Star Alliance |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/vijay-tv-revenues-increase-post-star-alliance-102072901066_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=29 July 2002}}</ref> A revamp in 2017 brought with it a new logo and launched [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series)|''Bigg Boss Tamil Season 1'']], after which the audience share of the channel—which had been 10%-15%—increased by 10%, being the second most-watched Tamil television channel.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay TV gets a 'Bigg' viewership bump |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vijay-tv-gets-a-bigg-viewership-bump/article19453508.ece |website=The Hindu |date=9 August 2017 |last1=Kandavel |first1=Sangeetha |last2=Vijayakumar |first2=Sanjay}}</ref>

In week 48 of 2020, Star Vijay became the most watched Tamil GEC in prime time while being the second most watched Tamil GEC overall after Sun TV.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=Hindi GEC viewership dips due as IPL 2020 begins |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/hindi-gec-viewership-dips-due-as-ipl-2020-begins/78506444 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215104943/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/hindi-gec-viewership-dips-due-as-ipl-2020-begins/78506444 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> In week 50, it garnered its highest viewership ratings of 7,14,002 AMAs ([[average minute audience]] (in hundreds)) being the fifth most watched Indian television channel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WEEK 50 – DATA: Saturday, 12th December 2020 To Friday, 18th December 2020 |url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights |url-status=live |website=[[Broadcast Audience Research Council]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231053446/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights |archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.hotstar.com/channels/star-vijay}}

{{STAR}}
{{Tamil language television channels}}

[[Category:Tamil-language television channels]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1994]]
[[Category:Television stations in Chennai]]
[[Category:Disney Star]]

Indian Institute of Forest Management

2026-02-18T19:06:11Z

Gaurav: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|College in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Institute of Forest Management
| native_name = भारतीय वन प्रबंधन संस्थान
| image_name = Indian_Institute_of_Forest_Management.svg
| image_size = 120px
| established = {{start date and age|1982}}
| type = [[Natural Resource|Natural Resources Service]] Training Institute
| budget = {{INRConvert|10.30|c}} (2025{{ndash}}26)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2025 |title=DEMAND NO. 28, Demands for Grants, 2025-2026, MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe28.pdf |access-date=1 Feb 2025 |website=IndiaBudget.gov.in |pages=5 |publication-place=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref>
| staff =
| president =
| provost =
| director = Dr. K. Ravichandran, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| rector =
| chancellor =
| vice_chancellor =
| head_label =
| head =
| students = >385<ref name="NIRF 2020 Data">{{cite web|title=IIFM Data for NIRF'2020'|url=http://iifm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/NIRF-2020.pdf|publisher=Indian Institute of Forest Management Feb 13, 2020|access-date=16 July 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413123909/http://iifm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/NIRF-2020.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| postgrad = >385<ref name="NIRF 2020 Data"/>
| profess =
| city = [[Bhopal]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|23.2084|77.3844|region:IN_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
| campus = {{convert|217|acre|km2}}
| affiliations = [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change| Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India]]
| website = [http://www.iifm.ac.in/ Official Website] [https://www.iifmalumni.com IIFM Alumni Website]
}}
{{Wildlife of India}}
The '''Indian Institute of Forest Management''' ('''IIFM'''), founded 1982, is an [[autonomous]], [[Natural Resource|Natural Resource Service]] training institute of [[Forestry]] located in [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], established by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|MoEFCC]], [[Government of India]] with financial assistance from the [[Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|SIDA]] and course assistance from the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]] for mid career training of [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]] cadre and all '''State Forest Service''' cadre in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iifm.ac.in/about/history.html |title=History of Indian Institute of Forest Management |publisher=Iifm.ac.in |access-date=2012-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020052407/http://www.iifm.ac.in/about/history.html |archive-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The institute's objective is to fulfill the growing need for the managerial human resource in the area of [[Forest]], [[Natural environment|Environment]], and [[Natural resources]] [[Management]] and allied sectors. The institute is headed by a director selected and appointed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.

IIFM is engaged in [[education]], [[research]], [[training]] and [[consultancy]] in the area of Forest, Environment and Natural Resources Management and allied sectors. The institute was ranked 8th overall in the country by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|MHRD]], [[Government of India|GoI]] in the management institutions category under the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] in its India Rankings 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/index.html#p=17 |title=National Institutional Ranking Framework |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124143932/https://www.nirfindia.org/index.html#p=17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As a campus, IIFM is famous for its rich [[flora]] and [[fauna]] with sightings of various wild mammals and birds within the campus.

==Campus==
[[File:Iifm.jpg|thumb|right|200px|IIFM Bhopal]]
[[File:IIFM, Bhopal entrance gate.jpg|thumb|IIFM, Bhopal entrance gate]]
[[File:IIFM arc.jpg|thumb|right|150px|IIFM 'Arc']]
The institute is located in the southwestern corner of the city of [[Bhopal]] in the Nehru Nagar locality. It is on a hill that overlooks the Bhadbhada barrage. The barrage controls the overflow of the [[Upper Lake (Bhopal)|upper lake]] or Bada Talab of [[Bhopal]]. The spillway for Bhadbhada tails around the IIFM hill, giving it a scenic location surrounded by water on three sides like a peninsula during good monsoons. The location is 3.5 km south of T.T. Nagar and just off the road to [[Kerwa Dam]].

The institute's buildings are designed by [[Anant Raje]]. The architecture of the campus is inspired by the historical town of [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==Academics==
===Academic programmes===
IIFM conducts following courses:
# MBA in Forestry Management (MBA-FM)
# MBA in Sustainability Management (MBA-SM)
# MBA in Sustainability Development (MBA-SD)
# MBA in Development and Sustainability Finance (MBA-DSF)
# Fellow Program in Management (FPM) equivalent to [[Ph.D.]],
# Ph.D. Programme of FRI Deemed University
# Certificate Course on Chartered Foresters (C3F)

The MBA-FM (earlier PGDFM / PFM) course is the flagship course of IIFM and is one of its kind in Asia.

In addition to the above courses, it conducts Management Development programmes.

====Masters of Business Administration in Forestry Management (MBA-FM)====
The MBA-FM (earlier PGDFM / PFM) course was started in 1988. It is a two-year residential course. The first batch of MBA-FM students graduated in 1990.

IIFM uses the scores of [[Common Admission Test]] (CAT) conducted by [[Indian Institutes of Management]] and the [[Xavier Aptitude Test]] (XAT) conducted by the [[XLRI]] to shortlist the candidates for the Written Aptitude Test and the Personal Interview. The shortlisted candidates are required to submit a Statement of Purpose (SOP) on why they want to pursue the MBA course at IIFM. After conducting the Written Aptitude Test and the Personal Interview the institute announces the final list of candidates provisionally selected for the course.<ref name="iifm.ac.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iifm.ac.in/pgdfm|title=IIFM Bhopal Admission 2021, PGDFM – Post Graduate Diploma in Forest Management}}</ref>

===Placement===
Most of the job placements at IIFM are with the environment, consulting, development sector and with [[NGO]]s, though recently a number of banks and microfinance institutions have participated in campus placements. Apart from it corporate also participate in IIFM placements and profiles are offered in sales and marketing, market research, banking and finance, environment, health and safety, environment management system, operations etc.<ref name="iifm.ac.in"/>

IIFM and its [[alumni]] work closely with [[nation]]al and international [[civil society]], [[governments]], academia and [[Private industry|industry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://iifmight.com/ |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=IIFMight |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Arid Forest Research Institute]] (AFRI)
*[[Indian Forest Service]] (IFS)
*[[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII)
*[[List of Environment and Forest Research Institutes in India]]
*[[Forest Research Institute (India)]]
*[[Forest Survey of India]]
*[[Van Vigyan Kendra|Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK)]] Forest Science Centres

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Zoos of India}}
{{Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Institute Of Forest Management}}
[[Category:Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Bhopal]]
[[Category:Business schools in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Forestry education in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Environmental studies institutions in India]]

Lukanand Kshetrimayum

2026-02-18T18:16:02Z

Gaurav: new the data basic info!

{{Short description|Indian actor, filmmaker and model}}
{{Meitei name|[[Kshetrimayum]]|Lukanand}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Lukanand
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Lukanand Kshetrimayum
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[India]]
| height = 6ft
| hair_color = Dark Brown
| eye_color = [[Brown]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| title = Mister North East 2019 Mister International India 2019
| competitions = Mister North East 2019 (Winner) [[Mister International 2022]] (1st Runner-up)
| homepage= |website={{URL|lukanand.com}}}}
'''Lukanand Kshetrimayum''' is an Indian actor, model, filmmaker and [[YouTuber]]. He is native to [[Manipur]].

He is a winner of the 10th Garnier Men Mega Mister North East 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum Jonathan Thangeo and Sonam Bhutia win 10th Men Mega Mister North East 20190810|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2019.Lukanand_Kshetrimayum_Jonathan_Thangeo_and_Sonam_Bhutia_win_10th_Men_Mega_Mister_North_East_20190810|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> He is a winner of the national title of Mister International India 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akoijam|first=Jeet|date=2019-08-19|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum and Langpoklakpam Melody bring laurels to Manipur with momentous victories|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/lukanand-kshetrimayum-and-langpoklakpam-melody-bring-laurels-to-manipur-with-momentous-victories/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imphal lad Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags Mister India International title|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/imphal-lad-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-mister-india-international-title20190809234539/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> He won the first runner-up title at the Grand Finale of the 14th [[Mister International 2022]] event, held in the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-31|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur boy Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/story/mr-international-2022-manipur-boy-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-title-464930-2022-10-31|access-date=2024-09-23|website=India Today NE|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-10-31|title=Manipur’s Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title at 14th Mister International|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/manipurs-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-up-title-at-14th-mister-international/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Northeast Live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-11-01|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur youth Lukanand Kshetrimayum wins 1st runner-up title|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/entertainment/mr-international-2022-manipur-youth-lukanand-kshetrimayum-wins-1st-runner-up-title-621080|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Sentinel Assam|language=en}}</ref>
He is an awardee of the Mister Derma World International.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum 1st runner up title at 14th Mister International contest 2022|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.Fashion_Section.Lukanand_Kshetrimayum_1st_runner_up_title_at_14th_Mister_International_contest_2022|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=14th Mister International contest held at Philippines : 31st oct22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=2..311022.oct22|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Lukanand Kshetrimayum is born to Ksh Bimal and Elangbam Sujata.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-11-01|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur youth Lukanand Kshetrimayum wins 1st runner-up title|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/entertainment/mr-international-2022-manipur-youth-lukanand-kshetrimayum-wins-1st-runner-up-title-621080|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Sentinel Assam|language=en}}</ref>
He is a resident of Moirangkhom Bokulmakhong, [[Imphal West district]]. He is the youngest among three brothers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand returns to hero's welcome|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/11/3/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Nov-2-Lukanand-Kshetrimayum-who-represented-India-at-the-recent-Mr.html|access-date=2024-09-23|website=thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-11-02|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur Youth Receives Rousing Welcome At Imphal Airport |work=Ukhrul Times|url=https://ukhrultimes.com/mr-international-2022-manipur-youth-receives-rousing-welcome-at-imphal-airport/|access-date=2024-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref>

He did his schooling from Maria Montessori Senior School in [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-10-31|title=Manipur’s Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title at 14th Mister International|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/manipurs-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-up-title-at-14th-mister-international/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Northeast Live|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career in modeling ==
Lukanand achieved the top place in the 10th Garnier Men Mega Mister North East 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum Jonathan Thangeo and Sonam Bhutia win 10th Men Mega Mister North East 20190810|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2019.Lukanand_Kshetrimayum_Jonathan_Thangeo_and_Sonam_Bhutia_win_10th_Men_Mega_Mister_North_East_20190810|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> He was given the national title of Mister International India 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akoijam|first=Jeet|date=2019-08-19|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum and Langpoklakpam Melody bring laurels to Manipur with momentous victories|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/lukanand-kshetrimayum-and-langpoklakpam-melody-bring-laurels-to-manipur-with-momentous-victories/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imphal lad Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags Mister India International title|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/imphal-lad-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-mister-india-international-title20190809234539/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> He won the first runner-up title at the Grand Finale of the 14th Mr International 2022 event held in the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-31|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur boy Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/story/mr-international-2022-manipur-boy-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-title-464930-2022-10-31|access-date=2024-09-23|website=India Today NE|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-10-31|title=Manipur’s Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title at 14th Mister International|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/manipurs-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-up-title-at-14th-mister-international/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Northeast Live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-11-01|title=Mr International 2022: Manipur youth Lukanand Kshetrimayum wins 1st runner-up title|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/entertainment/mr-international-2022-manipur-youth-lukanand-kshetrimayum-wins-1st-runner-up-title-621080|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Sentinel Assam|language=en}}</ref>
He was awarded the Mister Derma World International.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand Kshetrimayum 1st runner up title at 14th Mister International contest 2022|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.Fashion_Section.Lukanand_Kshetrimayum_1st_runner_up_title_at_14th_Mister_International_contest_2022|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=14th Mister International contest held at Philippines : 31st oct22|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=2..311022.oct22|access-date=2024-09-23|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

In 2023, Lukanand took part in the grand finale of the 15th Edition of Mister International pageant held at Baguio, Cordillera Hall, Baguio Country Club, [[Baguio]], [[Philippines]]. In the event, he focused on 'Burning Manipur' and took public attention to raise awareness regarding happenings in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr International 2022 Lukanand Kshetrimayum highlights burning Manipur in International pageant|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/fashion/mr-international-2022-lukanand-kshetrimayum-highlights-burning-manipur-in-international-pageant|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Imphal Free Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-10-24|title=Mister International 2022, Lukanand Kshetrimayum Seeks Global Attention On Manipur Crisis |work=Ukhrul Times|url=https://ukhrultimes.com/mister-international-2022-lukanand-kshetrimayum-seems-global-attention-on-manipur-crisis/|access-date=2024-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lukanand wears Linthoingambi's "last gaze" on jacket at 15th Mister International|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/10/21/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Oct-21-Hijam-Linthoingambi-s-last-gaze-that-pierced-and-shattered-the-hearts.html|access-date=2024-09-23|website=thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
Lukanand Kshetrimayum directed many films, including ''Asengba Saktam'' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ}}|}}, 2014), ''Meitan Araba'' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯥ}}|}}, 2019), among many.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-10-31|title=Manipur’s Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title at 14th Mister International|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/manipurs-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-up-title-at-14th-mister-international/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Northeast Live|language=en-US}}</ref>
He also produced three songs in 2021, namely ''Laibak Pheida'' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯩꯗꯥ}}|}}), ''Meitan Araba'' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯔꯥꯕ}}|}}) and ''Hanglanu'' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯪꯂꯅꯨ}}|}}).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-10-31|title=Manipur’s Lukanand Kshetrimayum bags 1st runner-up title at 14th Mister International|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/manipurs-lukanand-kshetrimayum-bags-1st-runner-up-title-at-14th-mister-international/|access-date=2024-09-23|website=Northeast Live|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Models from Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian YouTubers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Imphal West district]]
[[Category:Mister International (Philippines)]]
[[Category:Mister International]]

Andhra Pradesh Forest Department

2026-02-05T07:49:01Z

Gaurav:

{{Short description|Forest department of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Andhra Pradesh Forest Department
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo = Andhra_Pradesh_Forest_Department_logo.png
| logo_width =
| logo_caption = Forests For Survival
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| formed =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| headquarters = [[Mangalagiri]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = Sri [[Konidala Pawan Kalyan]]
| minister1_pfo = Ministry of Environment, Forest Science and Technology
| chief1_name = Dr. P. V. Chalapathi Rao, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| chief1_position = Principal Chief Conservator of Forests [[Head of Forest Forces|(HoFF)]]
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = http://forests.ap.gov.in
| footnotes =
}}

'''Andhra Pradesh Forest Department''' is one of the administrative divisions of Government of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is headed by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Head of Forest Force (HOFF), an [[Indian Forest Service]] officer. The primary function of this department is protection, conservation and management of [[forest]]s in the Andhra Pradesh State. The Forest Department is organised into 12 territorial circles and 43 divisions. One Senior Officer of the rank of Deputy Conservator of Forests functions as Planning and Extension Officer in each district.

==Flora and fauna==
Andhra Pradesh State is bestowed with two river systems of [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and [[Godavari River|Godavari]]. Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board is a statutory body that maintains and keeps balance of biodiversity in ecosystems, landscapes, heritage sites. The forests in the state can broadly be divided into four major biotic provinces.

# Deccan Plateau - 53%
#Central Plateau - 35%
#Eastern Highland - 11%
#East Coastal Plains - 1%

The vegetation found in the state is largely of dry deciduous type with a mixture of [[Teak]], and [[species]] of the [[genus|genera]] ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'', ''[[Dalbergia]]'', ''[[Pterocarpus]]'', ''[[Anogeissus]]'' etc. Fauna includes Tiger, Panther, Wolf, Wild Dog, Hyena, Sloth Bear, Gaur, Black Buck, Chinkara, Chowsingha, Nilgai, Cheetal, Sambar and a number of Birds and Reptiles.
[[File:Forest office in kurupam.jpg|thumb|Forest office in [[Kurupam]]]]
The state is a possessor of some rare and endemic plants like ''[[Cycas beddomei]]'', ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus]]'', ''Terminalia pallida'', ''Syzygium alternifolium'', ''Shorea talura'', ''Shorea tumburgia'', ''[[Psilotum nudum]]'' etc. Among its rich fauna, the Double Banded or the Jerdon’s courser, the golden gecko, and the gray slender loris are some of the rare and endemic fauna of the state.

==Protected areas==

{{Location map+|India Andhra Pradesh|width=450|float=right
|alt=Map of wildlife sanctuaries in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
|caption=Map of wildlife sanctuaries in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Green is National Park, Red denotes Wildlife Sanctuaries, Blue denotes Bird Sanctuaries.
|places=
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=17.825278|lon_deg= 83.308611|position=right|mark=Red_pog.svg|marksize=12|label='''Kambalakonda'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=16.831389|lon_deg=82.336667|position=right|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Coringa'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=17.366389|lon_deg=81.6775|position=top|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Papikonda'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=13.025|lon_deg=78.645|position=left|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Koundinya'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=15.774167|lon_deg=80.944167|position=right|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Krishna'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=15.706944|lon_deg=78.416944|position=left|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Rollapadu'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=14.6|lon_deg=78.883333|position=left|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Lanka Malleswara'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=16.3|lon_deg=78.983333|position=top|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Nagarjuna sagar - Srisailam'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=15.6833|lon_deg=78.9667|position=bottom|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Gundla Brahmeswaram'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=14.009167|lon_deg=79.463833|position=top|mark=Red_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Penusila'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=13.751111|lon_deg=79.337778|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Sri Venkateswara'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=13.565833|lon_deg=80.174722|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Pulicat'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=13.771667|lon_deg=79.978056|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Nelapattu'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=18.5667|lon_deg=84.3|position=left|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Telineelapuram'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=16.65|lon_deg=81.216667|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Kolleru'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=16.18|lon_deg=80.3|position=top|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Uppalapadu'''}}
{{Location map~|India Andhra Pradesh|lat_deg=16.18|lon_deg=80.3|position=top|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label_size=90|label='''Kondakarla Ava'''}}
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Wild Life Sanctuaries
! Area
(In km2.)
|-

|-
| [[Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 235.70
|-
| [[Kolleru Bird Sanctuary]]
| 308.55
|-
| [[Kondakarla Ava Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1.3
|-
| [[Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 194.81
|-
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Nagarjunasagar Srisailam (Project Tiger)]]
| 3568.00
|-
| [[Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary|Rolla Padu]]
| 6.14
|-
| [[Gundla Brahmeswara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1194.00
|-
| [[Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 464.42
|-
| [[Nelapattu]]
| 4.58
|-
| [[Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
| 500.00
|-
| [[Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Project Elephant)
| 357.60
|-
| [[Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1030.85
|-
| [[Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 70.70
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! National Parks
! Area
(In km2.)
|-
| [[Papikonda National Park]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianationalpark.com/papikonda_wildlife_sanctuary.html |title=Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary Andhra Pradesh |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223717/http://www.indianationalpark.com/papikonda_wildlife_sanctuary.html |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
| 1012.86
|-
| [[Sri Venkateswara National Park]]
| 525.97
|-
|[[Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Rameswaram)]]
|2.5
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Zoo park
! Location
! Area (in Acres)
|-

|-
| [[Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park]]
| Tirupati
| 5,532 acres (22 km2)
|-
| [[Indira Gandhi Zoological Park]]
| Visakhapatnam
| 625 acres (2.5 km2)
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151009052021/http://forest.ap.nic.in/ Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]

{{State agencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:State agencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Environment of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State forest departments of India]]
[[Category:Government departments of Andhra Pradesh|Forest Department]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Tipraland

2026-01-24T02:26:20Z

Gaurav: starting new details...

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Short description|Proposed state in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Tipraland.jpg|thumb|Proposed Tipraland state map]]

'''Tipraland''' is the name of a [[Proposed states and union territories of India#Tripura|proposed state]] in [[India]] for the indigenous [[Tripuri people]] in the tribal areas of the [[Tripura]] state.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chakravarty|first=Ipsita|title=Tripura vs Twipra: An old identity politics may feed into new political rivalries|url=http://scroll.in/article/814873/tripura-vs-twipra-an-old-identity-politics-may-feed-into-new-political-rivalries|access-date=15 July 2021|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> They demand the [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] and some surrounding areas to be made into a separate state from Tripura. The proposed state covers 68% of the total geographical area of the Tripura and is home to over one-third of the total population of Tripura.<ref name="Wire">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thewire.in/article/politics/tripura-pradyot-debbarma-greater-tipraland/amp|title=With a Call for 'Greater Tipraland', Tripura Royal Scion's Party to Fight District Polls|author=Anmoy Chakraborty|newspaper=The Wire|date=8 February 2021|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>

There is also a demand for a "Greater Tipraland" by adding Tripuris dominant areas outside the TTAADC and creation of development council for Tripuris living in other Indian states.

==Background==
The formation of "Tipraland", a state within the Tripura Tribal Areas, under articles 2 and 3 of the Indian Constitution is demanded by a [[political party]] called the [[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]] (IPFT) as one of their political agenda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/tag/indigenous-peoples-front-of-tripura-ipft/|title=Indigenous People's Front Of Tripura (IPFT) {{!}} The North East Today {{!}} Delivering news up to the minute|website=thenortheasttoday.com|language=en-US|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> Another registered regional political party [[Tipraland State Party]] (TSP) also demanding the same demand of Tipraland. The [[Kingdom of Tripura|Kingdom of Tripura]] is a former [[Monarchy|kingdom]] which was ruled by 184 Tripuri/Tipra kings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ttaadc.gov.in/History-TTAADC|title=History TTAADC {{!}} TTAADC|website=ttaadc.gov.in|language=en|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> The first king of the [[Manikya Dynasty]] of Tripura was [[Maha Manikya]], who ruled the kingdom in the early 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Momin|first1=Mignonette|last2=Mawlong|first2=Cecile A.|last3=Qādrī|first3=Fuz̤ail Aḥmad|title=Society and economy in North-East India|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOfZAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-87498-83-4}}</ref> The earlier kings are partly mythological and partly legendary or semi-legendary. The second last king was Maharaja [[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman]] Manikya Bahadur. After his death in 1947, Tipra kingdom joined India as a C-Model State on 15 October 1949 under the name Tripura, and later achieved statehood on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tripura.gov.in/history|title=Historical Background {{!}} Tripura State Portal|website=tripura.gov.in|language=en|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> On 18 January 1982 the [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] was established.<ref name="Wire"/>

==Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council==
{{main|Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council}}
The indigenous Tipra people demanded an [[autonomous district council]], which they finally achieved on 23 March 1979 which is known as [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] (TTAADC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ttaadc.gov.in/About--TTAADC|title=About TTAADC {{!}} TTAADC|website=ttaadc.gov.in|language=en|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> The politically important TTAADC constitutes two-thirds of Tripura's 10,491 km2 area, which has 12,16,465 (mostly tribals) of the state's 37 lakh population residing in it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripurainfo.com/pgDetailsNews.aspx?WhatId=27036|title=TRIPURAINFO : The first news, views & information website of TRIPURA.|website=www.tripurainfo.com|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> Tribal Welfare Department (Government of Tripura) strictly monitoring the implementation of the Tripura Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Reservation Act, 1991 (As amended up to February 2006) for departmental promotion / direct recruitment in all Government Departments / PSUs and local bodies. For admission in schools / colleges, allotment of seats in Medical / Engineering and other Technical and General Courses, 31% reservation for ST is strictly followed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twd.tripura.gov.in/reservation-policy|title=Reservation Policy {{!}} Department of Welfare for Scheduled Tribes|website=twd.tripura.gov.in|language=en|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> Schedule Tribes in Tripura are exempted from income tax.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/tax-exemption-only-for-sts-living-in-ne-states/68653/|title=Tax Exemption Only For STs Living In NE States|work=The Financial Express|access-date=16 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Linguistic groups in TTAADAC (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/ |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=19 August 2021 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603015649/https://censusindia.gov.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Tripuri language|Tripuri]]
|value1 = 83.4
|color1 = yellow
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value2 = 16.2
|color2 = Red
|label3 = Others
|value3 = 0.4
|color3 = pink
}}

The population of the TTAADC area is 1,216,465 out of which the Scheduled Tribes are 1,021,560, i.e. 83.4% of the population in the TTAADC area.<ref>[http://ttaadc.gov.in/Basic-Statistic TTAADC Basic Statistics]</ref>

Historically, the Hindu rulers of Manikya dynasty of Tripura had always encouraged the immigration of and settlement of non-tribals, especially Bengalis, to Tripura. The ''[[Rajmala]]'' authenticates the fact that [[Ratna Manikya I|Ratna Manikya]] (1462-1487) was the first to ‘settle 4000 Bengalis in four places’ in Tripura.<ref name="Changing Mentality"/> During [[Noakhali riots]] in 1946 many Bengali Hindu survivors, referred to as [[East Bengali refugees|East Bengali Refugees]], were sheltered in temporary relief camps in Comilla, Chandpur, Agartala the present capital of Tripura and other places. A large migration of Bengali Hindus and Muslims took place in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and other places during [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] on 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://silchar.com/over-11-lakh-bangla-nationals-entered-ne-during-1971-83/|title=Over 11 lakh Bangla nationals entered NE during 1971-83 - Silchar|date=19 March 2017|work=Silchar|access-date=16 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Demographic Trends of Tripura up till 1971 as per Census Report 2001, Department of Tribal Affairs, Government of Tripura<ref name="Changing Mentality">{{Cite journal|last=Ghoshal|first=Anindita|title=Changing Mentality of the Bengali Refugees: The Story of Tripura (1946-1971)|url=https://www.academia.edu/13051044|page=20,31}}</ref>
!Year
!Total Population
!Non-Tribal Population
!Tribal Population
!Percentage of Tribal Population
!Percentage of Non-Tribal Population
|-
|1901
|173,325
|81,646
|91,679
|52.89%
|47.11%
|-
|1911
|229,613
|119,484
|110,129
|47.96%
|52.04%
|-
|1921
|304,437
|137,937
|166,500
|54.67%
|45.31%
|-
|1931
|382,450
|179,123
|203,327
|53.16%
|46.84%
|-
|1941
|513,010
|256,019
|256,991
|50.09%
|49.91%
|-
|1951
|639,029
|401,071
|237,958
|37.23%
|62.77%
|-
|1961
|1,142,005
|781,935
|360,070
|31.53%
|68.47%
|-
|1971
|1,556,342
|1,105,796
|450,544
|28.95%
|71.05%
|}

==See also==
* [[Tripuri nationalism]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425121405/http://tiprasa.com/articles/viewcomm.asp?identity=732 Tipraland: Demand for Separate State]

{{coord missing|Tripura}}

{{Autonomous administrative divisions of India}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}

[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India]]
[[Category:Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripuri]]

Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh)

2026-01-22T13:49:56Z

Gaurav: Started The Details From Scratch

{{short description|Administrative civil service under the State government of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox
| title = Provincial Civil Service {{small|{{IAST|Prāntīya Sivila Sevā}}}}
| headerstyle = background:#800080; color:white;
| header1 = Service Overview
| data2 = [[File:Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg|frameless|200x200px]]
| label3 = Also known as
| data3 =
| label4 = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| data4 = 1 April 1937<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c026020574|date=2 July 1935|title=Provinces Civil Service (Executive branch) enactment under Government of India Act, 1935|website=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref>
| label5 = State
| data5 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| label6 = Staff College
| data6 = U.P. Academy of Administration and Management, [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| label7 = Cadre Controlling Authority
| data7 = [[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| label8 = Minister Responsible
| data8 = [[Yogi Adityanath]], [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and Minister of Appointment and Personnel
| label9 = Legal personality
| data9 = [[Governmental]]: [[Civil service]]
| label10 = Duties
| data10 =
| label12 = [[En cadre|Current Cadre Strength]]
| data12 = 1112 members (556 officers directly recruited by UP-PSC as deputy collectors and 556 officers promoted from Tehsildars)<ref name="2015 PCS Cadre">{{cite web|title=2015 Total Cadre strength of PCS as in January 2015|url=http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/PCS-GradationList2015.pdf|website=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
| label13 = Selection
| data13 = State Civil Services Examination
| label14 = Association
| data14 = Uttar Pradesh PCS Association
| header15 = Head of the State Civil Services
| label16 = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]]
| data16 = Durga Shanker Misra, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| label17 = [[Additional chief secretary|Additional Chief Secretary]] ([[Department of Appointment and Personnel (Uttar Pradesh)|DoAP]])
| data17 = Devesh Chaturvedi, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
}}
'''Provincial Civil Service / Provincial Civil Service (Executive Branch)''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|Prāntīya Sivila Sevā}}), often abbreviated to as '''PCS''', is the [[Public administration|administrative]] [[Civil Services of India|civil service]] of the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] comprising Group A and Group B posts. It is also the feeder service for [[Indian Administrative Service]] in the state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/pcs.htm|title=Rules Applicable to the Provincial Civil Service (PCS)|website=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/u-p-civil-service.htm|title=U.P. Civil Service|website=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 October 2018}}</ref>

PCS officers hold various posts at sub-divisional, district, divisional and state level from conducting revenue administration and maintenance of law and order. The [[Department of Appointment and Personnel (Uttar Pradesh)|Department of Appointment and Personnel]] of the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] is the cadre-controlling authority of the service. Along with the [[Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh)|Provincial Police Service]] (PPS) and the [[Provincial Forest Service (Uttar Pradesh)|Provincial Forest Service]] (PFS), the PCS is one of the three feeder services to its respective [[All India Services]].

== Recruitment ==

Half of the recruitment to the service is made on the basis of an annual competitive examination conducted by [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission]] called as direct PCS officers as they are directly appointed at Deputy Collector rank.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-ias-and-pcs-officer-1473244878-1|title=What is the difference between IAS and PCS officer?|date=7 September 2016|website=Jagran Josh|publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]]|access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref> Half of the total strength of PCS officers is filled by promotion from Uttar Pradesh Lower Provincial Civil Service (Tehsildar cadre) who are known as promotee PCS officers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> PCS officers, regardless of their mode of entry, are appointed by the [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Responsibilities of PCS officer ==
The typical functions performed by a PCS officer are:
* To collect land revenue and function as courts in matters of revenue and crime (revenue courts and criminal courts of executive magistrate), to maintain law and order, to implement Union and State Government policies at the grass-root level when posted at field positions i.e. as [[sub-divisional magistrate]], additional city magistrate, city magistrate, additional district magistrate and additional divisional commissioner. And to act as the agent of the government on the field, i.e. to act as the intermediate between public and the government.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
* To handle the administration and daily proceedings of the government, including formulation and implementation of policy in consultation with the minister-in-charge, [[Additional Chief Secretary|additional chief secretary]]/[[Principal secretary (India)|principal secretary]] and secretary of the concerned department.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Career progression ==
After completing their training, a PCS officer generally serves as [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate (India)|Sub Divisional Magistrates]] (SDMs). Sometimes, there can be more deputy collectors in the district than the total subdivisions, hence they are also posted as Additional City Magistrate, Sub Divisional Magistrate (Judicial), Additional Sub Divisional Magistrate, [[Deputy collector|Deputy Collector (Revenue)]].

After five years of service promoted as City Magistrate, an assignment which lasts between three and four years. They can also posted as Special Land Acquisition Officer, General Manager of Sugar Mills, Deputy Director Mandi at this level.

Then they get promoted to Additional District Magistrate rank. Most districts have only two posts of ADMs, most common of them being ADM (Finance & Revenue), ADM (Executive) and ADM (Judicial). In few districts due to administrative convince, government has created posts like ADM (City) who look after law and order in city area of district, ADM (Land Acquisition) to speed up land acquisition process, ADM (Civil Supplies) who looks after ration shops and public distribution system, ADM (Protocol) who looks after protocol arrangements, ADM (Law & Order) in highly sensitive communal riots prone areas, ADM (Nazul) who looks after Nazul land. Some eastern UP districts, have a Chief Revenue Officer (CRO) who looks after land consolidation work.

Before 1992 when 73rd amendment which reformed Panchayati Raj Institutions, ADM (Planning & Projects) who was ex-officio District Planning & Project Officer used to look after rural development work in the districts. Currently at district level, [[Chief Development Officer (India)|Chief Development Officer]] (CDO) looks after rural development and sectoral related work in the district. He can be from [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], PCS or [[Provincial Development Service|PDS]] cadre. CDO has separate office from collectorate known as Vikas Bhawan in every district.

At the divisional level, PCS officers are posted as additional divisional commissioners. Most divisions have two such posts, most common of them being Additional Commissioner (Executive) and Additional Commissioner (Judicial). There can be more than one Additional Commissioner (Judicial) in a division depending on pending revenue appeal cases. Sometime they are also posted as Joint Development Commissioner and Regional Food Controller at divisional level apart from concerned departmental cadre officers.

In [[Municipal Corporations in India|municipal corporations]] administered by the [[Department of Urban Development (Uttar Pradesh)|Department of Urban Development]], PCS officers serve as [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|municipal commissioners]] and additional municipal commissioners.

In development authorities administered by the [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning (Uttar Pradesh)|Department of Housing and Urban Planning]], PCS officers generally serve as OSDs, joint secretaries, secretaries and as vice chairmen.

PCS officers also serve as OSDs, deputy CEOs and additional CEOs in NOIDA (New Okhla Industrial Development Authority), Greater NOIDA and YEIDA (Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority), which come under the [[Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development (Uttar Pradesh)|Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development]].

At the state secretariat, PCS officers serve as special secretaries, joint secretaries and deputy secretaries. On a deputation, a PCS officer can be sent to one of the various directorates as additional directors, directors and chief general manager, additional/joint managing directors, managing directors in state PSUs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

After completion of two decades of service (generally till that period they reach up-to the level 14), those PCS officers who were directly recruited by [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission]] (UPPSC) get promoted to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], after confirmation by the [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Department of Personnel and Training]] of [[Government of India]] and the [[Union Public Service Commission]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> One-third of the total [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] strength in Uttar Pradesh is reserved for PCS officers (SCS quota).<ref name="Profile IAS">{{cite web|url=http://persmin.gov.in/ais1/Docs/ServiceProfile.pdf|title=Service Profile for the Indian Administrative Service|publisher=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|language=en|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Salary structure ===
Generally most of the PCS officers (only those who were directly recruited by UPPSC) get promoted into the IAS after reaching up-to the level of Special Secretary Grade.<ref name="2015 PCS Cadre">{{cite web|title=2015 Total Cadre strength of PCS as in January 2015|url=http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/PCS-GradationList2015.pdf|website=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> Those who don't get promotion to IAS then get pay level 15, and get classified as 'superseded'. Due to early promotion into IAS, Pay Level 14 and 15 are rarely given to PCS officers since 2021.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
The salary structure of the Provincial Civil Service <ref name="2015 PCS Cadre">{{cite web|title=2015 Total Cadre strength of PCS as in January 2015|url=http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/PCS-GradationList2015.pdf|website=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! Grade/level on pay matrix !! Base Salary (per month) !! Sanctioned Strength !! Some Positions in the Government of Uttar Pradesh !! Years of service
|-
| Higher administrative grade (Above Super time scale) (pay level 15) || ₹182200–224100 || 10 || Special secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], additional divisional commissioner, chief development officer, municipal commissioner, director of directorates, managing director of state PSUs, vice chairman of a development authority || 27th year
|-
| Senior administrative grade (Above Super time scale) (pay level 14) || ₹144200–218200 || 65 || Special secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], additional divisional commissioner, chief development officer, municipal commissioner, director of directorates, managing director of state PSUs, vice chairman of a development authority || 20th year
|-
| Super time scale (pay level 13A) || ₹131100–216600 || 110 || Special secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], additional divisional commissioner, chief development officer, municipal commissioner, director of directorates, managing director of state PSUs, vice chairman of a development authority || 16th year
|-
| Selection grade (pay level 13) || ₹118500–214100 || 200 || Joint secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], additional district magistrate, additional municipal commissioner, additional director in directorates, additional/joint managing director in state PSUs, secretary of a development authority || 12th year
|-
| Junior administrative grade (pay level 12) || ₹78800–191500 || 250 || Joint secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], additional district magistrate, additional municipal commissioner, additional director in directorates, secretary of a development authority || 9th year
|-
| Senior time scale (pay level 11) || ₹67700–160000 || 260 || Deputy secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], City magistrate, General manager sugar mill, joint secretary of a development authority || 5th year
|-
| Junior time scale (pay level 10) || ₹56100–132000 || 267 || Deputy secretary to [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]], [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]], sub divisional magistrate (judicial), additional city magistrate, additional sub-divisional magistrate, [[deputy collector]], officer on special duty in a development authority || Initial year
|-
|}

==Major concerns and reforms==
===Promotion to IAS===
According to the ''Indian Administrative Service (Appointment by Promotion) Regulations, 1955'', PCS officers are eligible for promotion to IAS after completion of eight years of service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/all-india-services-ais-branch/appendices/ias-appointment-promotion-regulations-1955|title=IAS (APPOINTMENT BY PROMOTION) REGULATIONS, 1955|website=[[Union Public Service Commission]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> But in reality, they are generally promoted to IAS after two decades in service.

Some PCS officers moved to the [[Allahabad High Court]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/24-promoted-to-IAS-cadre-in-UP/article15588557.ece|title=24 promoted to IAS cadre in UP|date=11 December 2010|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> due to the anomalies in their seniority which slowed down their promotion for almost one decade. The matter was resolved in 2012 as mentioned in their latest gradation list.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/UP-seeks-temporary-IAS-posts-for-PCS-officers/articleshow/14481795.cms?from=mdr|title=UP seeks temporary IAS posts for PCS officers|last=Mathur|first=Swati|date=29 June 2012|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]|access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref> In 2023, two 1989 batch Naib Tehsildar recruits who got promoted to 2006 batch in PCS after serving as Tehsildars were also promoted into IAS. The officers, Umakant Tripathi and Narendra Singh were allocated 2018 batch in IAS as per seniority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/naib-tehsildar-will-decide-journey-of-ias-for-the-first-time-2023-08-15|title=Two Naib Tehsildars recruits who were promoted to PCS after being Tehsildar now promoted as IAS officers|last=Singh|first=Digvijay|date=15 August 2023|website=[[Amar Ujala]]|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

===Political influence===
Directly recruited IAS officers often complain about promotee IAS officers are given preference in field postings due to their close proximity to politicians which they form in two decades of their service. Since the state government were often ruled by regional parties, many politicians allegedly fix 'their men' as [[Divisional Commissioner (India)|divisional commissioners]] and [[District Collector (India)|district magistrates]].

Also, an inquiry of recruitment of PCS officers by the [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission]] (UPPSC) from 2012, by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), has been started.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/cbi-to-take-over-uppsc-enquiry/articleshow/61986538.cms|title=UPPSC recruitment drive: CBI to take over enquiry|author=Shalabh|date=8 December 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nONF5AgO0EukVLpTmKHDwO/UP-PCS-appointments-since-2012-to-be-probed-by-CBI-Yogi-Adi.html|title=UP PCS appointments since 2012 to be probed by CBI: Yogi Adityanath|date=19 July 2017|newspaper=Mint|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/uppsc-recruitment-hc-asks-cbi-up-govt-to-file-counter-118010900936_1.html|title=UPPSC recruitment: HC asks CBI, UP Govt to file counter|date=9 January 2018|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref>

===Corruption===
Two PCS officers were suspended by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|state government]] for an alleged land scam of {{INR Convert|26|c|lk=on|year=2016}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/adm-suspended-in-rs-26-crore-land-scam-in-ghaziabad/articleshow/61192839.cms?from=mdr|title=ADM suspended in Rs 26 crore land scam in Ghaziabad|last=Keelor|first=Vandana|date=24 October 2017|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Noida]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/yogi-adityanath-cracks-down-against-corruption-dismisses-top-bureaucrats-in-meerut-gautam-buddh-nagar/904968/|title=Yogi Adityanath cracks down against corruption, dismisses top bureaucrats in Meerut, Gautam Buddh Nagar|date=24 October 2017|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> The house of a promotee [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]] and a former [[District Collector (India)|district magistrate and collector]] of [[Ghaziabad]], Vimal Kumar's house was raided by the [[Income Tax Department]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/greater-noida-ias-officer-wife-among-bureaucrats-raided-by-income-tax-dept/story-qOwHb6NsPihuOTbv1jdNBJ.html|title=Greater Noida IAS officer, wife among 4 UP bureaucrats raided by Income Tax dept|last=Rajput|first=Vinod|date=24 May 2017|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Noida]]|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> Another promotee IAS officer, P. C. Gupta who was posted as CEO of Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority was arrested for his alleged role in {{INR|126 crore}} land scam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/noida/in-police-custody-for-rs-126-cr-land-fraud-probe-reveals-yeida-ex-ceo-s-role-in-another-scam/story-IQJE5FWxIH3ZUeRU3kpfXM.html|title=Ex-CEO YEIDA arrested for Rs. 126cr land scam |last=Rajput|first=Vinod|date=21 February 2019|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Noida]]|access-date=22 February 2019}}</ref>

== Notable PCS officers ==
Members of the service include:
* [[Shrilal Shukla]]
* [[Shyam Singh Yadav]]
* [[Manoj Kumar Chauhan]]

== See also ==
* [[Provincial Finance and Accounts Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Development Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Secretariat Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Transport Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Civil Services of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1902]]
[[Category:1902 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1902 establishments in India]]

Chennai Egmore–Mangalore Central Express

2026-01-09T16:11:59Z

Gaurav: added references

#REDIRECT [[Chennai Egmore–Mangaluru Central Express]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

List of Kannada films of 2000

2026-01-07T04:10:50Z

Gaurav: basic expanded citations per sources for clarity

{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Sandalwood film list}}

== Highest grossing films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Rank
!Title
!Collection
!Ref.
|-
|1.
|''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]''
|₹22 crore (₹107.35 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|2.
|''[[Preethse]]''
|₹15 crore (₹73.19 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|3.
|''[[Shabdavedhi]]''
|₹13 crore (₹63.43 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|4.
|''[[Deepavali (2000 film)|Deepavali]]''
|₹7 crore (₹35.55 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|5.
|''[[Devara Maga]]''
|₹5 crore (₹25.39 crore in 2025)
|
|}

== List of released films ==
The following is a list of films produced in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada film]] industry in India in [[2000 in film|2000]], presented in alphabetical order.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/january-2000.html | title=January 2000 Kannada Movies Release Date, Schedule & Calendar | publisher=filmibeat.com | accessdate=17 September 2022 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title
! Director
! Cast
! Music
|-
| ''[[Andhra Hendthi]]'' || A. R. Babu || [[Ramya Krishna]], [[Madan Patel|Madan Mallu]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Thriller Manju]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] || Shivamaya
|-
| ''[[Astra (2000 film)|Astra]]'' || Anand P. Raju || [[Devaraj]], [[B. C. Patil]], [[Ragasudha]], Chaithali, [[Jai Jagadish]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Bannada Hejje'' || H. S. Rajashekar || [[Devaraj]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]], [[Ramesh Bhat]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Bhakta Ayyappa'' || V. Swaminathan || [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]], Sanjay, Archana, Malathi Sudheer || Gandharva
|-
| ''[[Bhoomi (2000 film)|Bhoomi]]'' || Gandharva || [[Devaraj]], [[Charulatha]], [[Lokanath]], [[Karibasavaiah]] || Gandharva
|-
| ''Billa Ranga'' || [[K. S. R. Das]] || [[Devaraj]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Ravali]], [[Napolean (actor)|Napolean]] || [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|-
| ''Chamundi'' || A. Mohan Gandhi || [[Malashri]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Kushboo (actress)|Kushboo]], [[Prakash Rai]], [[Suresh Heblikar]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Deepavali (2000 film)|Deepavali]]'' || [[Dinesh Baboo]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Ramesh Aravind]], Chandini, [[Bhavana (Kannada actress)|Bhavana]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Ramesh Bhat]] || [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| ''[[Devara Maga]]'' || [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Ambareesh]], [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[Darshan Thoogudeep]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Deveeri]]'' || [[Kavita Lankesh]] || Master Manja, [[Nandita Das]], [[Bhavana (Kannada actress)|Bhavana]], Kashi || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Durgada Huli'' || [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]]|| [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Devaraj]], Vineetha, [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]], [[B. V. Radha]] || Shree
|-
| ''Gaajina Mane'' || Jayaram K. V. || [[Ramkumar]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], Shivadwaj || Gandharva
|-
| ''[[Galate Aliyandru]]'' || [[S. Narayan]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[S. Narayan]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Arun Pandian]], [[Doddanna]] || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
| ''[[Hagalu Vesha]]'' || [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], Reshma, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Jai Jagadish]], Pramila Joshai || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Hats Off India]]'' || Raghunath R. || [[B. C. Patil]], Sadhu Shetty, Ganesh, Ashitha || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Independence Day'' || A. R. Ramesh || [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Arun Pandian]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Ranjitha]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]] || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
| ''[[Indradhanush (film)|Indradhanush]]'' || [[V. Manohar]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Monal (actress)|Abhisaarika]], [[Gurukiran]], [[Charulatha]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Jee Boomba'' || A. R. Babu || Pramod Chakravarthy, Reshma, [[Doddanna]], [[Tennis Krishna]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Khadga'' || Anand P. Raju || [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Shilpa (actress)|Shilpa]], [[Indraja]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Kiladi'' || [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Jaggesh]], Archana, Manichandana, [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Krishnarjuna'' || [[Joe Simon (film director)|Joe Simon]] || [[B. C. Patil]], Ragasudha, [[Lokesh]], [[Bank Janardhan]] || Gururaj
|-
| ''[[Krishna Leele]]'' || [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Suvalakshmi]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Umashree]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Love in Nepal'' || B. R. Keshav || Ravikumar, Archana, Bhavyashree Rai, Nagesh Mayya || Maruthi Meerajkar
|-
| ''Mahathma'' || H. Vasu || [[Sai Kumar (Telugu actor)|Saikumar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruthi]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|-
| ''[[Mathadana]]'' || [[T. N. Seetharam]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Devaraj]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] || [[C. Ashwath]] [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Mava Mava Maduve Mado]]'' || Arjun || [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]], Archana, Tharun, Ruthu, [[Bank Janardhan]] || Chaitanya
|-
| ''Maya Bazar'' || V. Umakanth || [[Kumar Govind]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Diwakar || V. Umakanth
|-
| ''Minchu'' || B. Ramamurthy || [[Devaraj]], [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Charulatha]], Durgashree || N. Govardhan
|-
| ''Mundaithe Oora Habba'' || Dhavala Satyam || [[Jaggesh]], [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]], [[Indraja]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Munnudi]]'' || [[P. Sheshadri]] || [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Naga Devathe'' || [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Soundarya]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], [[Sai Kumar (Telugu actor)|Saikumar]], [[Charulatha]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Nan Hendthi Chennagidale]]'' || [[Dinesh Babu]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Sanketh Kashi|Kashi]], Anjana Takkar, [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Ramesh Arvind]] || [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|-
| ''Nannavalu Nannavalu'' || [[S. Narayan]] || [[S. Narayan]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], [[Doddanna]], [[Dheerendra Gopal]] || Prashant Raj
|-
| ''Naxalite'' || Shivamani || [[Devaraj]], [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]], [[Thriller Manju]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Nee Nanna Jeeva'' || Sathyajith || [[Charan Raj]], [[Charulatha]], Sathyajith, Akhila, [[Bank Janardhan]] || Guna Singh
|-
| ''[[O Nanna Nalle]]'' || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]], [[Sadhu Kokila]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|-
| ''Paapigala Lokadalli'' || H. S. Rajashekar || [[Sai Kumar (Telugu actor)|Saikumar]], [[Charanraj]], Vineetha, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Jai Jagadish]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Poli Bhava'' || P. Sukumar || Ajay Kumar, Archana, Reshma, [[Bank Janardhan]], Girija Lokesh || M. S. Maruthi
|-
| ''[[Preethse]]'' || [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Sonali Bendre]], [[Ananth Nag]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Preethsu Thappenilla]]'' || V. S. Reddy || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Rachana Banerjee]], [[Suman Nagarkar]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|-
| ''Premi'' || Ananthu || [[Ramkumar]], Thushara, Hemapriya, [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]], [[Vaishali Kasaravalli]] || N. Govardhan
|-
| ''[[Shabdavedhi]]'' || [[S. Narayan]] || [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Jayapradha]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[K. S. Ashwath]], [[Chi Guru Dutt]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Shrirasthu Shubhamasthu]]'' || Seetharam Karanth || [[Ramesh Aravind]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Naveen Krishna]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]] || [[K. Kalyan]]
|-
| ''[[Soorappa]]'' || [[Naganna]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruthi]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Charan Raj]], [[Chi Guru Dutt]], [[Ramesh Bhat]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Sparsha (film)|Sparsha]]'' || [[Sunil Kumar Desai]] || [[Sudeep]], [[Sparsha Rekha]], [[Sudharani]], Naveen Mayur, [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Sulthan'' || Kumar || [[Jaggesh]], Savitha, [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]], [[Tennis Krishna]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Sundara Purusha'' || Satya Murthy || [[Shashikumar]], [[Indraja]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Nisha || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''[[Swalpa Adjust Madkolli]]'' || [[Kodlu Ramakrishna]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], Damini, [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Ramkumar]], [[Gurukiran]], [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Thimmaraya'' || Shivaji Rao Singanamane || [[Sadhu Kokila]], Sambhrama, Nisha, [[Doddanna]], [[Umashree]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Ticket Tickets'' || J. G. Krishna || [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Thriller Manju]], Raksha, Pramodini || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Uttara Dhruvadim Dakshina Druvaku'' || [[C. P. Yogeshwar]] || [[C. P. Yogeshwar]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''[[Yare Nee Abhimani]]'' || [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Yaarige Saluthe Sambala]]'' || [[M. S. Rajashekar]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam]], [[Shashikumar]], [[Mohan Shankar|Mohan]], [[Umashree]], [[Karibasavaiah]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]'' || R. Sheshadri || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], [[Shashikumar]], [[Abhijeeth]], Pavitra Lokesh, Archana || [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cinema of Karnataka}}
{{2000 films}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannada Films Of 2000}}
[[Category:Lists of Kannada films by year|2000]]
[[Category:Lists of 2000 films by language]]
[[Category:2000 in Indian cinema]]

Mass graves of Jammu and Kashmir

2025-12-11T17:32:25Z

Gaurav: new a article first draft

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}

'''Mass graves of Jammu and Kashmir''' are [[mass grave]] sites in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] that were created as a result of [[extra-judicial killings]] during the [[Insurgency in Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kashmir graves to be investigated |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-south-asia-15273679 |work=BBC News |date=12 October 2011}}</ref> An ad-hoc inquiry led by human rights lawyer, [[Parvez Imroz]], has found more than 6,000 unmarked and mass graves.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |title=The mass graves of Kashmir |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/09/mass-graves-of-kashmir |work=The Guardian |date=9 July 2012}}</ref>

In 2009, [[International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Kashmir|International People’s Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice]], a human rights group, released a report saying that 2,700 ‘unknown, unmarked, and mass graves,’ containing at least 2,900 bodies, in 55 villages in North Kashmir's three districts — [[Bandipora]], [[Baramulla]], and [[Kupwara]] — were probed. The group demanded an independent investigation into the unmarked mass graves in Jammu and Kashmir and an immediate halt of such crimes.<ref>{{cite book |title=Buried Evidence: Unknown, Unmarked, and Mass Graves in Indian-administered Kashmir: A Preliminary Report, International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Indian-administered Kashmir |date=2009 |ssrn=3240987 |isbn=9780615326481 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3240987 |last1=Chatterji |first1=Angana P. |publisher=International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Indian-administered Kashmir }}</ref><ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news |title=Mass graves found in North Kashmir containing 2,900 unmarked bodies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Mass-graves-found-in-North-Kashmir-containing-2900-unmarked-bodies/article16851202.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Kashmir: Thousands of Bodies Discovered in Unmarked Graves, Rights Group Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/world/asia/03briefs-Indiabrf.html |work=New York Times |date=2 December 2009}}</ref>

In 2011, a [[Jammu & Kashmir Human Rights Commission|Jammu and Kashmir State Human Rights Commission]] report titled ''Enquiry Report of Unmarked Graves in North Kashmir'' said that it found bullet-riddled remains of 2,730 people in dozens of unmarked mass graves after a three-year inquiry.<ref name="Guardian2">{{cite news |title=Kashmir unmarked graves hold thousands of bodies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/kashmir-unmarked-graves-thousands-bodies |work=The Guardian |date=21 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="VOA">{{cite news |title=Indian Government Confirms Mass Graves in Kashmir |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/indian-govt-confirms-mass-graves-in-indian-kashmir-128151228/167904.html |work=VOA |date=20 August 2011 |language=en |quote=India's Jammu and Kashmir State Human Rights Commission released a report Sunday saying a three-year investigation has uncovered 2,156 unidentified bodies in 38 sites in the region.}}</ref> Many of those were civilians with 574 being identified as local residents. According to the report, these unidentified dead bodies buried in various [[unmarked grave]]s at thirty-eight places of north Kashmir’s [[Baramulla]], [[Bandipora]], [[Handwara]], and [[Kupwara]] districts, "may contain the dead bodies of [[enforced disappearance]]s".<ref name="NYT2">{{cite news |title=Mass Graves Hold Thousands, Kashmir Inquiry Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/world/asia/23kashmir.html |work=The New York Times |date=22 August 2011}}</ref> The [[Human Rights Watch]] (HRW) demanded Indian authorities to "immediately open an independent, transparent, and credible investigation into the unmarked graves discovered" in J&K. Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia director at HRW said that "these graves suggest the possibility of [[mass murder]]".<ref name="HRW">{{cite web |title=India: Investigate Unmarked Graves in Jammu and Kashmir |date=24 August 2011 |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/24/india-investigate-unmarked-graves-jammu-and-kashmir |publisher=Human Right Watch}}</ref> Following the report, [[Amnesty International]] also asked the [[Government of India]] to "initiate thorough investigations into unmarked graves".<ref name="Amnesty">{{cite web |title=Thousands of unmarked graves discovered in Kashmir |date=23 August 2011 |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/thousands-of-unmarked-graves-discovered-in-kashmir/ |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref name="VOA2">{{cite news |title=Amnesty Calls for Investigation into Mass Graves in Kashmir |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/amnesty-calls-for-investigation-into-mass-graves-in-kashmir-128258668/167912.html |work=VOA |date=22 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, J&K's human rights commission asked the government in Kashmir to investigate the discovery of at least 2,080 unmarked mass graves. [[Khurram Parvez]] of the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP), a human rights group in Kashmir, demanded "an independent commission to do a credible probe on the mass graves".<ref name="AJ">{{cite news |title=India ordered to probe 2,080 mass graves in Kashmir |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/11/3/india-ordered-to-probe-2080-mass-graves-in-kashmir |work=Al Jazeera |date=3 November 2017}}</ref> The NGO estimates the number of enforced disappearances in Kashmir's insurgency at around 8,000 men and boys.<ref name="FP">{{cite news |last1=Peer |first1=Basharat |title=What Lies Beneath |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/09/22/what-lies-beneath-2/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=22 September 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mass graves]]
[[Category:Massacres in Jammu and Kashmir|*]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Enforced disappearances in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Nalva

2025-12-06T01:55:46Z

Gaurav: new first article more to come!

{{Short description|Unit of length}}
{{One source|date=February 2022}}
'''Nalva''' (from [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|नल्व}} {{Transliteration|sa|nalva}}) is a measure of distance equal to 400 [[Hasta (unit)|Hastas]] ([[Cubit]]s).<ref>According to [[Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara]], nalvo - hasta-catuḥ-śataṃ</ref> That is equal to 9600 [[Aṅgula]], which is believed to be equal to approximately 180 metres.

Used in [[Mahābhārata]].

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Units of length]]
[[Category:Obsolete units of measurement]]
[[Category:History of science and technology in India]]
[[Category:Mahabharata]]

{{Unit-measurement-stub}}

Kapileswarapuram, Krishna district

2025-11-24T06:07:42Z

Gaurav: Created basic location w/ refs!

{{for|the town in East Godavari|Kapileswarapuram, East Godavari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kapileswarapuram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.333300|N|80.866700|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Pamidimukkala mandal|Pamidimukkala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Kapileswarapuram Gram Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=13 February 2016|page=16,406|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 19.42
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5689
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521 246
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-08676
| registration_plate = AP 16
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Kapileswarapuram''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Pamidimukkala mandal]] of [[Nuzvid revenue division]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]
[[Category:Villages in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]

Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre

2025-11-14T02:25:46Z

Gaurav: Created some stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|International commercial arbitrator}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{Promotional||date=January 2023}}
}}

'''Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre (JKIAC)''' is an [[Autonomy|autonomous]] institution formed as system for [[Alternative dispute resolution|alternate dispute resolution]] and act as [[Arbitral tribunal|arbitrator]] or [[Mediator (coactivator)|mediator]] in case of international [[Financial transaction|commercial transactions]]. The channel helps in enforcing the right of individuals under segment 89 of [[Code of Civil Procedure (India)|Civil Procedure Code, 1908]] to exercise right for [[Settlement (litigation)|out of court settlement]] in case such possibility exists.

== Objective ==

Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre was started in April 2022 to provide inexpensive and time saving arbitration and mediation proceedings<ref name="jk2">{{cite news |last1=Dar |first1=Mohsin |title=Lt Governor Manoj Sinha inaugurates first International Arbitration Centre at Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/lt-governor-inaugurates-international-arbitration-centre-jammu-and-kashmir |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=28 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> in case of dispute on international commercial transactions.<ref name="jk1">{{cite news |title=Union Law Minister inaugurates J&K International Arbitration Centre at Srinagar |url=https://www.risingkashmir.com/Union-Law-Minister-inaugurates-J-K-International-Arbitration-Centre-at-Srinagar-104596 |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Rising Kashmir |date=14 April 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="jk3">{{cite news |date=14 April 2022 |title=Rijiju inaugurates J&K International Arbitration Centre at Srinagar |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/rijiju-inaugurates-jk-international-arbitration-centre-at-srinagar/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414220926/https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/rijiju-inaugurates-jk-international-arbitration-centre-at-srinagar/ |archive-date=2022-04-14 |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Jammu Kashmir Latest News {{!}} Tourism {{!}} Breaking News J&K}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration was formed as per Segment 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 giving benefit to individuals for out of court settlement in case of any commercial disputes.<ref name="jk5">{{cite news |last1=Malik |first1=Viqas |title=J&K International Arbitration Centre (JKIAC) |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/jk-international-arbitration-centre-jkiac |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Greater Kashmir |date=11 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The setting up of Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre will help guiding the foreign investors who are unaware of country's laws.<ref name="jk4">{{cite news |title=Lt Governor Inaugurates J&K International Arbitration Centre; Launches JKIAC Website |url=https://kashmirlife.net/lt-governor-inaugurates-j-launches-jkiac-website-250717/ |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Kashmir Life |date=28 October 2020}}</ref>

== Aims ==

Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre has been formed with following aims<ref name="jk7">{{cite news |title=J&K LG Manoj Sinha inaugurates International Arbitration Centre |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy-politics/story/jk-lg-manoj-sinha-inaugurates-international-arbitration-centre-277127-2020-10-29 |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=29 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="jk9">{{cite news |title=Lt Governor inaugurates J&K International Arbitration Centre; launches JKIAC website - The News Now |url=https://www.thenewsnow.co.in/newsdet.aspx?q=117877 |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=www.thenewsnow.co.in |date=29 October 2020}}</ref>

* Improvement of ranking related to the Ease of Doing Business Index.
* Faster resolution of any disputes with confidentiality relating to international investors and traders not knowing domestic laws.
* Promoting investments in the state from national and international investors.
* Giving investors flexibility, choice and confidence during alternate dispute resolution.
* Helps in bridging language and cultural differences.
* Resolving legal language-related issues causing inconvenience to investors in financial and other commercial challenges.

== Members ==

Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre will have famous people from various walks of life, retired judges, Chartered Accountants, Lawyers, experienced officers, engineers, bureaucrats and architects and professors.<ref name="jk8">{{cite news |title=CJ chairs 2nd Meeting of Arbitration Committee of JKIAC |url=http://brighterkashmir.com/cj-chairs-2nd-meeting-of-arbitration-committee-of-jkiac |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=Brighter Kashmir |date=12 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="jk6">{{cite news |title=Chief Justice constituted Arbitration Committee for Jammu and Kashmir International Arbitration Centre |url=https://www.jkinfonews.com/newsdet.aspx?q=40279 |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=www.jkinfonews.com |date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="jk4" />

== See also ==

* [[Dispute resolution]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://164.100.248.49/ Official Website]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Quasi-judicial bodies of India]]
[[Category:Legal organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Arbitration organizations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]

1995 elections in India

2025-10-14T14:30:01Z

Gaurav: further expanded structure for clarity and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1994 elections in India
| previous_year = 1994
| election_date = 1995
| next_election = 1996 elections in India
| next_year = 1996
}}
{{Politics of India}}
'''Elections in the Republic of India''' in ''1995'' included elections to six state legislative assemblies.

==Overall result==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date(s)
!State
!colspan="2"|Government before
!Chief Minister before
! colspan="2" |Government after
!Elected Chief Minister
!Maps
|-
|rowspan="2|12 February and 9 March 1995
|rowspan="2|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan="2| [[Sharad Pawar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|rowspan="2| [[Manohar Joshi]]
|rowspan="2| [[File:IN-MH.svg|50px]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|-
|16 and 19 February 1995
|[[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Rishang Keishing]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Rishang Keishing]]
|[[File:IN-MN.svg|50px]]
|-
|9 March 1995
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|[[Biju Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]]
| [[File:IN-OD.svg|50px]]
|-
|
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Chhabildas Mehta]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Keshubhai Patel]]
| [[File:IN-GJ.svg|50px]]
|-
|25 and 28 March 1995
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|[[File:IN-BR.svg|50px]]
|-
|
|[[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Gegong Apang]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Gegong Apang]]
|[[File:IN-AR.svg|50px]]
|}

==Legislative Assembly elections==

===[[Arunachal Pradesh]]===
{{Main|1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4035-arunachal-pradesh-1995/ |title=Andhra Pradesh 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''CONTESTED'''
|'''WON'''
|'''FD'''
|'''VOTES'''
|'''%'''
|'''SEATS'''
|-
|'''NATIONAL PARTIES'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|1 . '''BJP'''
|15
|0
|11
|14335
|3.37%
|11.45%
|-
|2 . '''INC'''
|60
|43
|0
|214543
|50.50%
|50.50%
|-
|3 . '''JD'''
|34
|3
|8
|73248
|17.24%
|29.65%
|-
|4 . '''JP'''
|5
|2
|1
|10743
|2.53%
|28.49%
|-
|'''INDEPENDENTS'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|5 . '''IND'''
|59
|12
|19
|111958
|26.35%
|39.11%
|-
|'''Grand Total :'''
|'''173'''
|'''60'''
|'''39'''
|'''424827'''
|
|
|}
===[[Bihar]]===
{{Main|1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3899-bihar-1995/ |title=Bihar 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!Party || Party Flag || Seats Contested || Seats Won || Seats Change || Efficiency || Vote Share
|-
|[[Janata Dal]] || [[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg|45px]] || 264 || 167 || (+) 45 || || 28.0
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || || 315 || 41 || (+) 2 || || 13.0
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] || || 320 || 29 || (−) 42 || || 16.3
|-
|[[Communist Party of India]] || [[File:CPI-banner.svg|45px]] || 61 || 26 || (+) 3 || || 4.8
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 5674 || 11 || (−) 19 || || 13.8
|-
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 63 || 10 || (−) 8 || || 2.3
|-
|[[Samata Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 310 || 7 || (+) 7 || || 7.1
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 89 || 6 || (+) 6 || || 2.4
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|45px]] || 31 || 2 || (−) 4 || || 1.4
|-
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 22 || 6 || (+) 6 || ||
|-
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM (Marandi)]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 58 || 3 || (+) 3 || || 1.0
|-
|[[Samajwadi Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 176 || 2 || (+) 2 || || 1.7
|-
|[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 5 || 2 || (+) 0 || || 0.3
|-
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|45px]] || 161 || 2 || (+) 2 || || 1.3
|-
|[[Jharkhand People's Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 33 || 2 || (+) 2 || || 0.3
|-
|[[Champaran Vikas Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 15 || 1 || (+) 1 || || 0.3
|-
|[[Jharkhand Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 29 || 1 || (+) 1 || || 0.2
|-
|[[Bhartiya Pragatisheel Party]] || [[File:No flag.svg|45px]] || 259 || 1 || (+) 1 || || 3.0
|-
|}

===[[Gujarat]]===
{{Main|1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3836-gujarat-1995/ |title=Gujarat 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Parties and coalitions
! colspan="2" | Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="45"| %
! width="30"| Won
! width="30"| +/−
|-
| align="left"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|7,672,401
|42.51
| 121||+54
|-
| align="left"| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
| 5,930,216||32.86
|45
| +12
|-
| align="left" | [[Independent (politician)|Independents]] (IND)
| 3,376,637|| 18.71
| 16||
|-
|Janta Dal
|508,561
|2.82
|0
|
|-
|SP
|14,513
|0.08
|0
|0
|-
|CPM
|30,563
|0.17
|0
|
|-
|Bahujan Smajvadi Party
|288,572
|1.6
|0
|0
|-
|CPI
|19,129
|0.11
|0
|0
|-
|SAP
|10,239
|0.06
|0
|0
|-
|IUML
|2,223
|0.01
|0
|0
|-
|RSP
|700
|0.00
|0
|0
|-
|SHS
|10,759
|0.06
|0
|0
|-
| colspan="5" |
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|Total
| 18,048,194 || 100.00
| 182 || ±0
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
|Valid votes
| align="right" |18,048,194
| align="right" |95.60
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |
|-
|Invalid votes
| align="right" |462,624
| align="right" |4.40
|-
|'''Votes cast / turnout'''
| align="right" |18,686,757
| align="right" |64.39
|-
|'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | 29,021,184
| colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
|}
===[[Maharashtra]]===
{{Main|1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3721-maharashtra-1995/ |title=Maharashtra 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Political Party
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular Vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!+/-
!Votes polled
!Votes%
!+/-
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]{{Composition bar|80|288|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|286
|80
|{{Decrease}} 61
|1,19,41,832
|31.00%
|{{Decrease}} 7.17%
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]{{Composition bar|73|288|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|171
|73
|{{Increase}} 21
|63,15,493
|16.39%
|{{Increase}} 0.45%
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]{{Composition bar|65|288|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|117
|65
|{{Increase}} 23
|49,32,767
|12.80%
|{{Increase}} 2.09%
|-
|[[Janata Dal]]{{Composition bar|11|288|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|182
|11
|{{Decrease}} 13
|22,58,914
|5.86%
|{{Decrease}} 4.85%
|-
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]{{Composition bar|6|288|{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|42
|6
|{{Decrease}} 2
|7,88,286
|2.05%
|{{Decrease}} 0.37%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]{{Composition bar|3|288|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|18
|3
|{{Steady}}
|3,86,009
|1.00%
|{{Increase}} 0.13%
|-
|[[Samajwadi Party]]{{Composition bar|3|288|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|22
|3
|{{Increase}} 3
|3,56,731
|0.93%
|{{Increase}} 0.93%
|-
|[[Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti]]{{Composition bar|1|288|?|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|2
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|82,677
|0.21%
|{{Increase}} 0.21%
|-
|[[Maharashtra Vikas Congress]]
|3
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|45,404
|0.12%
|{{Increase}} 0.12%
|-
|Independents{{Composition bar|45|288|{{party color|Independent}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|3196
|45
|{{Increase}} 32
|91,04,036
|23.63%
|{{Increase}} 10.04%
|-
|Total
|4727
|288
|
|'''3,8,526,206'''
|100%
|
|}
===[[Manipur]]===
{{Main|1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=328362|seats1=22|sc1=–2
|party2=[[Manipur Peoples Party]]|votes2=271247|seats2=18|sc2=+9
|party3=[[Janata Dal]]|votes3=136594|seats3=7|sc3=–4
|party4=[[Samata Party]]|votes4=70887|seats4=2|sc4=New
|party5=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes5=64026|seats5=2|sc5=-1
|party6=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes6=56300|seats6=2|sc6=New
|party7=[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]|votes7=44797|seats7=1|sc7=New
|party8=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes8=38405|seats8=1|sc8=+1
|party9=[[National People's Party (India)]]|votes9=30417|seats9=2|sc9=+1
|party10=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes10=30417|seats10=0|sc10=New
|party11=[[Kuki National Assembly]]|votes11=2832|seats11=0|sc11=-2
|party12=Manipur Hill People's Council|votes12=2440|seats12=0|sc12=0
|party13=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes13=2327|seats13=0|sc13=New
|party14=[[Janata Party]]|votes14=1611|seats14=0|sc14=New
|party21=Independents|votes21=88526|seats21=3|sc21=+3
|total_sc=+6
|invalid=13868
|electorate=1160690
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3708-manipur-1995/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
}}

===[[Odisha]]===
{{Main|1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Odisha Legislative Assembly 1995.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=6180237|seats1=80|sc1=+70
|party2=[[Janata Dal]]|votes2=5600853|seats2=46|sc2=–77
|party3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes3=1245996|seats3=9|sc3=+7
|party4=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes4=307517|seats4=4|sc4=New
|party5=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes5=271199|seats5=1|sc5=–4
|party6=[[Jharkhand People's Party]]|votes6=27494|seats6=1|sc6=New
|party20=Others|votes20=521158|seats20=0|sc20=0
|party21=Independents|votes21=1661485|seats21=6|sc21=0
|total_sc=0
|invalid=439618
|electorate=22075775
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3627-orissa-1995/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://eci.nic.in Election Commission of India]

{{Indian elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:1995 elections in India]]
[[Category:1995 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1995 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Nilachal architecture

2025-09-05T02:26:41Z

Gaurav: Started Some Entry V1

{{short description|Hindu temple architecture in the state of Assam}}
{{Infobox art movement
|name = Nilachal architecture
|image = {{photomontage
|photo1a=Kamakhya Temple, Guwahati.jpg
|photo1b=
|photo1c=
|photo2a=Bhuvaneswari Temple, Guwahati.jpg
|photo2b=
|photo2c=
|photo3a=
|photo3b=
|photo3c=
|size =
|color_border = #AAAAAA
|color = #F9F9F9
}}
| caption = Top: [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya Temple at Nilachal hills in Guwahati]] Bottom: [[Guwahati|Bhuvaneswari Temple in Guwahati]]
|location = India
}}
{{Assam History}}
'''Nilachal''' is a [[Architectural style|style]] of [[Hindu temple architecture]] in [[Assam]], India, that is characterized by a bulbous polygonal dome over a cruciform ''[[Ratha (architecture)|ratha]]'' type ''bada''.<ref>{{harvcol|Sarma|1988|p=140ff}}</ref> This hybrid style developed first in the [[Kamakhya temple]] on the Nilachal hills under the [[Koch kingdom]] and became popular as a style later under the [[Ahom kingdom]].<ref>{{harvcol|Sarma|1988|p=108}}</ref>

==Origin==
The Koch king Viswasingha restarted worship at the ruins of the Kamakhya temple, and his son, Naranarayana decided to reconstruct the temple from the existing material lying scattered. He sent artisans and craftsmen under an army general named Meghamukdam. After two failed attempts at restoring the stone ''shikhara'', Meghamukdam decided to take recourse to brick masonry and created the current dome.<ref>{{harvcol|Sarma|1988|p=123}}</ref> Made by craftsmen and architects more familiar with Islamic architecture of Bengal, the dome became bulbous and hemispherical which was ringed by minaret-inspired ''angashikharas''.<ref>{{harvcol|Sarma|1988|p=124}}</ref>

==Examples==
* [[Kamakhya temple]]
* Jai Dol
* Siddhesvara temple, Sualkuchi

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book
| last = Sarma
| first = P. C.
| title = Architecture of Assam
| publisher = Agam Kala Prakashan
| year = 1988
| location = Delhi
}}
{{refend}}

{{Architecture of India}}

[[Category:Architecture of Assam]]
[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]

National AIDS Control Organisation

2025-06-19T19:00:43Z

Gaurav:

{{Short description|Indian organization for control of HIV/AIDS}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Organisation
|name = National AIDS Control Organisation
|image = NACO logo.gif
|image_border =
|size = 130px
|alt = 
|caption =
|map = 
|msize = 
|malt = 
|mcaption = 
|abbreviation = NACO
|motto =
|formation = 1992
|type =
|status = 
|purpose = [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] control programme in [[India]]
|headquarters = New Delhi
|location =
|coords = 
|region_served =
|membership =
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|main_organ = 
|parent_organisation = [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
|affiliations = 
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = http://www.naco.gov.in
|remarks =
}}
The '''National AIDS Control Organisation''' ('''NACO'''), established in 1992, is a division of [[India]]'s [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] that provides leadership to the [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] control programme in [[India]] through 35 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies, and is "the nodal organisation for formulation of policy and implementation of programs for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India.".<ref>[http://www.hivpolicy.org/biogs/HPE0016b.htm National AIDS Control Organisation (1992 - )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506024810/https://www.hivpolicy.org/biogs/HPE0016b.htm |date=6 May 2021 }} www.hivpolicy.org.</ref><ref>[http://www.aidsportal.org/Organisation_Details.aspx?orgid=332 NACO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224031212/http://aidsportal.org/Organisation_Details.aspx?orgid=332 |date=24 December 2010 }} aidsportal.org.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092900271.html India to Increase HIV Treatment Centers] By NIRMALA GEORGE, The Associated Press, [[Washington Post]], 29 September 2006.</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2183679.cms For once, it's good not being world No.1] [[The Economic Times]], 7 July 2007.</ref>

Along with drug control authorities, NACO provides joint surveillance of blood bank licensing, blood donation activities and transfusion-transmitted infection testing and reporting.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

NACO also undertakes HIV estimations biennially(every 2 years) in collaboration with the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR) – National Institute for Research in Digital Health and Data Sciences (NIRDHDS). The first round of HIV estimation in India was done in 1998, while the last round was done in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/naco-releases-hiv-estimations-2017-report/article24949216.ece|title=NACO releases HIV Estimations 2017 report|work=The Hindu|date=14 September 2014}}</ref>

In 2010, NACO approved the [[TeachAids]] curriculum for use in India, an innovation which represented the first time that [[HIV/AIDS]] education could be provided in a curriculum which did not need to be coupled with sex education.<ref>{{cite web|title=National AIDS Control Organisation of India approves TeachAIDS curriculum|url=http://teachaids.org/blog/naco-approves-teachaids/|work=[[TeachAids]]|date=15 January 2010|access-date=16 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719203133/http://teachaids.org/blog/naco-approves-teachaids/|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2012, National AIDS Control Organisation, along with other 16 organizations working on HIV/AIDS, ran an event "Hijra Habba" under the program of "Pehchan". The event witnessed more than a 100 representatives of the Transgender and the Hijra community from 17 states, interacting with members of the government, NGOs and Civil Society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/National-Hijra-Habba-organised-in-Delhi/articleshow/13922992.cms|title=National Hijra Habba organised in Delhi - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[District AIDS Prevention and Control Unit]]
* [[HIV/AIDS in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.naco.gov.in/ National AIDS Control Organisation, Official Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Aids Control Organisation}}
[[Category:HIV/AIDS organizations in India]]
[[Category:Medical and health government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]

Asanada agharkari

2025-05-28T09:48:19Z

Gaurav: creating first entry w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Centipede species}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Asanada
| species = agharkari
| authority = Gravely, 1912
| range_map = Asanada agharkari range.png
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = *''Asanada agharkari agharkari'' Gravely, 1912
*''Asanada agharkari singhbhumensis'' Gravely, 1912
}}

'''''Asanada agharkari''''' is a species of small [[Scolopendridae|Scolopendrid]] centipede in the subfamily [[Scolopendridae|Scolopendrinae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Indian Museum. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41773 |title=Records of the Indian Museum |last2=Museum |first2=Indian |last3=India |first3=Zoological Survey of |date=1912 |publisher=Pub. by order of the trustees of the Indian Museum |volume=7 |location=Calcutta}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Asanada agharkari (Gravely, 1912) |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/157476453 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Appearance ==
''Asanada agharkari'' is small, measuring between {{Convert|13 and 32|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> The antennae have 17 articles, though Gravely initially described the species with 17-18.<ref name=":2" /> They are dark reddish-purple in colour, but fade to pale brown or grey when preserved in alcohol.<ref name=":0" />

=== Subspecies ===

==== ''Asanada agharkari singhbhumensis'' ====
''Asanada agharkari singhbhumensis'' is found in the [[Singhbhum district]], and is distinguishable from ''A. a. agharkari'' only by colour; it is grey with a dark line down the middle of its trunk.<ref name=":0" />

== Taxonomy ==
''Asanada agharkari'' was initially described by [[F. H. Gravely|Frederic Henry Gravely]] in 1912 in the seventh volume of the ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/10294 Records of the Indian Museum]'', a journal based in Calcutta.<ref name=":0" /> He gave it the genus name ''Pseudcryptops'' (Pocock, 1891), a name which has since been synonymized with ''Asanada'', and also described two subspecies: ''A. a. agharkari'' and ''A. a. singhbhumensis''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS - Report: Pseudocryptops |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1090771#null |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.itis.gov}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The last taxonomic review was done in 1978 by [[B. S. Jangi|Jangi]] and [[C. M. S. Dass|Dass]], in the same paper that synonymized ''Pseudocryptops'' with ''Asanada''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=.:CHILOBASE:. |url=https://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it/searches/result_species/559 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=chilobase.biologia.unipd.it}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Jangi |first1=B.S. |last2=Dass |first2=C.M.S. |date=August 1978 |title=Identity and redescription of the Indian centipede''Pseudocryptops agharkari''Gravely (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937800770281 |journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=423–426 |doi=10.1080/00222937800770281 |issn=0022-2933|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khanna |first=Vinod |date=1994 |title=CENTIPEDE FAUNA OF CORBETT NATIONAL PARK, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA (CHILOPODA : SCOLOPENDROMORPHA : SCOLOPBNDRIDAE) |url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/094/02-04/0329-0350.pdf |journal=Records of the Zoological Survey of India |volume=94 |pages=329–350}}</ref>

The type specimens are alcohol-preserved at the Zoological Survey of India in Calcutta. There is one adult and one juvenile, both are slightly damaged and have suffered decolourization due to long preservation.<ref name=":2" />

== Distribution ==
''A. agharkari'' is endemic to India and is found the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], as well as the states of [[Bihar]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha|Odisha (Orissa)]], and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khanna |first=V. |date=2006 |title=A checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from central India |journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=2164–2166 |doi=10.11609/JOTT.ZPJ.1427.2164-6|s2cid=76547729 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] (of the [[lectotype]]) is Koyna Valley in the [[Western Ghats]], in [[Satara district|Satara District]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":3" />

== References ==

{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6507911}}

[[Category:Centipedes of India]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1912]]
[[Category:Asanada|agharkari]]

Annadata (magazine)

2025-05-28T04:53:54Z

Gaurav: creating the info more to come - done

{{Short description|Indian agricultural magazine}}'''Annadata''' is an Indian farmers and agriculture magazine published in [[Telugu language]] monthly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Steenbergen |first=Frank |date=2002-03-01 |title=Annadata — an agricultural monthly |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13892240285300051 |journal=The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=74 |doi=10.1080/13892240285300051 |s2cid=219645729 |issn=1389-224X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> As of 2019, It is the highest circulated magazine in [[India]] with the circulation of 345,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABC Certificate |url=http://eenaduinfo.com/ANNADATA_ABC_JULY-DEC19_Certificate.pdf |website=Eenadu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest Circulated Dailies, Weeklies & Magazines amongst Member Publications |url=http://www.auditbureau.org/files/JD%202019%20Highest%20Circulated%20(across%20languages).pdf |website=Audit Bureau of Circulations of India}}</ref>

== History ==
It was started by [[Ramoji Rao]] in 1969<ref>{{Cite book |last=Association |first=Indian Innovators |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OflmDwAAQBAJ&dq=annadata+magazine&pg=PT169 |title=Andhra Entrepreneurs: Past, Present and Future |date=2018-08-01 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64324-934-6 |language=en}}</ref> and currently run under the [[Eenadu|Eenadu Newspaper]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=EENADU GROUP PUBLICATIONS |url=http://eenaduinfo.com/group.htm |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Eenadu}}</ref>

The editorial team has announced that Annadata, which has been published for the past 55 years, will stop publication with the December 2022 issue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Velugu|first=V6|date=2022-11-30|title=డిసెంబర్ నుంచి నిలిచిపోనున్న అన్నదాత మాసపత్రిక|url=https://www.v6velugu.com/annadata-monthly-magazine-will-stop-from-december|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201013748/https://www.v6velugu.com/annadata-monthly-magazine-will-stop-from-december|archive-date=2022-12-01|access-date=2022-12-01|website=V6 Velugu|language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]

{{India-media-stub}}
{{sci-mag-stub}}

Hutmura

2025-05-20T00:28:12Z

Gaurav: Created initial info initial version!

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hutmura
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.3546|N|86.4856|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.4888
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5878
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 723148
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03254
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Purulia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| website = {{URL|purulia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hutmura''' is a [[census town]] and a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Purulia II]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Purulia Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Purulia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=330| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|15|0|N|86|23|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in Purulia Sadar subdivision in Purulia district''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, F: facility Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|22|20|N|86|19|15|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Lagda| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Lagda]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|21|55|N|86|21|40|E}} | label-pos2=top|label2=Raghabpur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Raghabpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|21|16|N|86|29|8|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Hutmura| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= Hutmura (CT)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black 
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|7|0|N|86|13|12|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Balarampur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Balarampur, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|20|24|N|86|21|36|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Purulia| numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Purulia]] (M) |shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|16|43|N|86|26|32|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Anaijambad| numbered6=H| mark-title6= [[Anaijambad]] (H) |shape-color6=#AA6666
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|19|52|N|86|10|20|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Arsha| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Arsha, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|5|10|N|86|14|2|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Baghadih| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Baghadih]] (R) |shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|21|28|N|86|23|14|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Bongabari| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Bongabari]] (R) |shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|14|23|N|86|19|32|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Chakaltor| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Chakaltor]] (R) |shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|18|55|N|86|20|10|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Chakda| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Chakda, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|22|52|N|86|25|1|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Chharra| numbered12=H| mark-title12= [[Chharra, Purulia]] (H) |shape-color12=#AA6666
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|18|16|N|86|36|43|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Daldali| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Daldali]] (R) |shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|18|0|N|86|39|0|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Hura| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Hura, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|16|10|N|86|11|34|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Sirkabad| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Sirkabad]] (R) |shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|20|45|N|86|24|22|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Hatuara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Hatuara]] (R) |shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|22|55|N|86|7|52|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Deulghata| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Deulghata]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|21|40|N|86|20|23|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Sidho Kanho Birsha University| numbered18=F| mark-title18= [[Sidho Kanho Birsha University]] (F) |shape-color18=#967117
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|21|0|N|86|20|27|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Sainik School| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Sainik School, Purulia]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|23.2487|86.4524}}| label20=Kangsabati River| label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20=15| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
|mark-coord21={{coord|23.1894|N|86.1528|E}}| label21= Ajodhya |labela21= Hills| label-color21 = #C42222 | label-angle21=0| label-pos21=bottom| label-size21=10| mark-size21=0| mark-title21 =none}}

===Location===
Hutmura is located at {{coord|23.3546|N|86.4856|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. [[Purulia Sadar subdivision]] covers the central portion of the district. 83.80% of the population of the subdivision lives in rural areas. The map alongside shows some urbanization around [[Purulia]] city. 18.58% of the population, the highest among the subdivisions of the district, lives in urban areas. There are 4 census towns in the subdivision. The [[Kangsabati River|Kangsabati]] (locally called Kansai) flows through the subdivision. The subdivision has old temples, some of them belonging to the 11th century or earlier. The focus is on education - the university, the sainik school, the Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith at [[Bongabari]], the upcoming medical college at [[Hatuara]], et al.<ref>Houlton, Sir John, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', 1949, p. 170, Orient Longmans Ltd.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 January 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, Series 20, Part XII A| work= Deulghat - Pages 99-100: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Importance of the District |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 21 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, Series 20, Part XII A| work= Charra - Page 103: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Importance of the District |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 21 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://skbu.ac.in/ |title = Sidho-Kano-Birsha University |publisher= SKBU | access-date = 17 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://sainikschoolpurulia.com/| title = Sainik School Purulia| publisher = SSP |access-date = 1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengals-rkm-college-bags-highest-naac-grade/articleshow/72731937.cms | title = West Bengal's RKM college bags highest NAAC grade| publisher = The Times of India, 16 December 2019 |access-date = 31 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pgmch.edu.in/home| title = Purulia Government Medical College & Hospital| publisher = PGMCH| access-date = 17 January 2020| archive-date = 26 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201026232755/http://pgmch.edu.in/home| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Hutmura had a total population of 5,878, of which 2,967 (50%) were males and 2,911 (50%) were females. There were 993 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Hutmura was 2,844 (58.22% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 January 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Puruliya'', Hutmura covered an area of 2.4888 km2. There is a railway station at Purulia. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated source. It had 440 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 2 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had were 15 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools, the nearest general degree college at [[Purulia]] 14 km away. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarbya Siksha Abhiyan centre). The nearest special school for the disabled was at [[Bongabari]], 14 km away. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities, it had 1 public library and 1 reading room. It had the branch of 1 nationalised bank and 1 agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1073-1083 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 30 January 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Hutmura High School is a Bengali-medium boys only institution established in 1911. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/hutmura-high-school-h-s-41rgwl | title = Hutmura High School | publisher = ICBSE |access-date = 31 January 2020}}</ref>

Hutmura Harimari Girls High School is a Bengali-medium girls only institution. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/hutmura-harimati-girls-high-school-vng0w4 | title = Hutmura Harimati Girls High School | publisher = ICBSE|access-date = 31 January 2020}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Digambar Jain temple at [[Anaijambad]], located nearby, was established in 1973. It houses six statues of four tirthankaras. "The statues are housed within the simple looking temple and are fixed upon an elevated platform". These were collected from different villages. The Kharkhari Sarak community of neighbouring [[Dhanbad]] took the initiative to build the temple.<ref name="rangandatta">{{cite web | url = https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2018/09/26/jain-temple-mahadeb-berya-purulia/ | title = Jain Temple, Mahadeb Berya, Purulia| publisher = Rangan Dutta |access-date = 29 January 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], with 10 beds, at Hutmura.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 January 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purulia District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purulia district]]

Uddheshwari Paikra

2025-03-17T16:52:17Z

Gaurav: starting a post...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Uddheshwari Paikra''' (born 1972) is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. She is an MLA from [[Samri Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribes community, in [[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur District]]. She won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samri (ST) assembly election results 2023: Samri (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh/samri-st-assembly-result-26008 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Paikra is from [[Samri Assembly constituency|Samri]], Balrampur District, Chhattisgarh. She married Sidhnath Paikra, also a politician. She passed Class 12 in 1989 at the Government Higher Secondary School, Amarkantak, Shahdol. She is a member of the Balrampur Zilla Panchayat<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-10-31 |title=Denied ticket, Chhattisgarh Congress MLA Chintamani Maharaj joins BJP |url=https://theprint.in/india/denied-ticket-chhattisgarh-congress-mla-chintamani-maharaj-joins-bjp/1825959/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> and earlier worked as a petrol bunk operator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Udhheshwari Paikra(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAMRI (ST)(BALRAMPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=523 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-22 |title=Denied Poll Ticket, Cong MLA Chintamani Maharaj Wants to Contest Against TS Singh Deo if BJP Picks Him |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/denied-poll-ticket-cong-mla-chintamani-maharaj-wants-to-contest-against-ts-singh-deo-if-bjp-picks-him-8629475.html |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Paikra won from [[Samri Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. She polled 83,483 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Vijay Paikra of [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 13,943 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Samri, Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Samri में BJP ने INC कोहराया |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/samri-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830595-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> She is one among the few elected MLAs who face criminal cases as per her affidavit with Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-12-06 |title=17 of Chhattisgarh’s newly elected 90 MLAs face criminal cases |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly/17-of-chhattisgarhs-newly-elected-90-mlas-face-criminal-cases/article67610469.ece |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=17 out of 90 newly elected Chhattisgarh MLAs face criminal cases |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/chhattisgarh/17-out-of-90-newly-elected-chhattisgarh-mlas-face-criminal-cases-2799563 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paikra, Uddheshwari}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Tirukkural translations into Malayalam

2025-01-09T07:44:58Z

Gaurav: starting a entry

{{Translation sidebar}}
[[Malayalam]] has seen the most number of [[Tirukkural translations]] than that of any other [[Languages of India|language in India]]. As of 2007, there are at least 21 translations of the [[Kural text]] available in Malayalam. Malayalam also has the distinction of producing the first ever translation of the Kural text among the languages in [[India]] and the world at large. The Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34 reported an unpublished manuscript of a Malayalam translation of the Tirukkural made in 1595.

==History of translations==
===Background===
Malayalam translations of the Kural text range from old Malayalam to modern Malayalam. With the Malayalam language tracing its origin in [[old Tamil]], both old Malayalam and modern Malayalam have a rich vocabulary of both [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]] origin. [[Kerala]] had a long and enduring connection with the Tamil region and culture since [[Ancient India|antiquity]], which flourished during the [[Chera Dynasty]]. For centuries, Tamil remained the educational and administrative language of Kerala, with Malayalam being the language of the common people. The salutary influence of the Tamil literature on early Malayalam literature was more pronounced during the 12th and the 13th centuries, with the ''pattu'' style of literature being a significant example of this influence. Until the 19th century, educated people of Kerala studied Tamil as a second language, and scholars had studied important Tamil classics such as the Tirukkural, [[Silappatikaram|Chilappathikaram]], and [[Kamba Ramayanam]]. However, these were considered as part of the common heritage, and there was no serious attempt to translate these into Malayalam, until at least the late 16th century.<ref name="TK_SeminarPapers"/>

===Beginning of translations===
The first Malayalam translation of the Kural text, and the very first translation of the Kural text into any language, appeared in 1595.<ref name="Polilan2019">{{cite book |editor1= Polilan|editor2=K. Gunathogai|editor3=Lena Kumar|editor4=Tagadur Sampath|editor5=Mutthamizh|editor6=G. Picchai Vallinayagam|editor7=D. Anbunidhi|editor8=K. V. Neduncheraladhan|title=Tiruvalluvar 2050 |url= |year=2019 |edition=1|publisher=Periyar Enthusiasts Group |location=Chennai|access-date= |language=Tamil|isbn= |page=681}}</ref> Written by an unknown author, it was titled ''Tirukkural Bhasha'' and was a prose rendering of the entire Kural, written closely to the spoken Malayalam of that time.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Mukherjee
| first = Sujit
| title = A Dictionary of Indian Literature: One: Beginnings–1850
| publisher = Orient Longman
| volume = 1
| edition = 1
| date = 1999
| location = Hyderabad
| page = 393
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&q=Bhasha+Tirukkural&pg=PA393
| isbn = 81-250-1453-5
}}</ref> However, the manuscript remained unpublished and was first reported by the Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34. This has not been printed.<ref name="TK_SeminarPapers">{{cite book
| last = George
| first = K. M.
| title = Tirukkural and Malayalam. In: ''First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers'' (N. Sanjeevi, ed.).
| publisher = University of Madras
| edition = 2
| date = 1973
| location = Chennai
| pages = 44–49
}}</ref> The first modern translation appeared in 1875 when the work was translated in verse by Azhakathu Kurup and published in [[Trivandrum]].<ref name="OOCities_Malayalam"/> In 1899, a translation was published by Dewan Bahadur A. Govinda Pillai, a judge of the erstwhile Travancore State High Court. He was a translator and versifier who had translated Shakespearean works into Malayalam. This translation is not available now.<ref name="TK_SeminarPapers"/>

In 1957, two translations of the Kural were published in Malayalam. The first one was by Sasthamangalam Ramakrishna Pillai of Trivandrum. Although he completed the translation with a comprehensive commentary and notes in 1933, he published it only in September 1957 with abridged commentary under the title "Ramakrishna Tirukkural." Ramakrishna chose a short metre similar to the original Kural, reflecting the epigrammatic qualities of the original.<ref name="TK_SeminarPapers"/> The second one was by Malayalam poet [[Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup]], who started studying the Kural 25 years ago and learning Tamil in the process, and translated the work with the help of Pandit E. V. Raman Nambudiri of the Oriental Manuscript Library, Trivandrum. The completed work with commentary was published in December 1957 by the Writers Co-operative Society in [[Kottayam]]. Unlike Ramakrishna Pillai, who translated the Kural in a "tight verse" form, Vennikkulam Kurup employed three different metres for the three parts, making it more comprehensive to the average reader without the aid of a commentary.<ref name="TK_SeminarPapers"/>

Several translations started appearing ever since, both partial and complete, including those by P. Damodaran Pillai (1951), [[Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair|Tiruvallam G. Bhaskaran Nair]] (1962), K. Chellan Nadar (1962), G. Balakrishnan Nair (1963), M. R. R. Variar (2003),<ref>{{cite news
| title = Malayalam translation of Thirukkural released
| location = Chennai
| date = 14 October 2003
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/2003/10/14/stories/2003101410700300.htm
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 22 April 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Ramesan Nair (in old Malayalam), V. V. Abdulla Sahib (2002, verse translation), K. G. Chandrasekaran Nair (2003, prose translation), and Shailaja Ravindran (2007).<ref name="OOCities_Malayalam">{{cite web
| url = http://www.oocities.org/nvkashraf/kur-trans/Mal-Int.htm
| title = Thirukkural in Malayalam
| date = 2002
| website = OOCities
| access-date = 22 April 2017
}}</ref>

In 2022, as part of its Ancient Tamil Classics in Translations series, the Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) in Chennai released its Malayalam translation of the Kural by N. Manoharan.

==Translations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="text-align:center; width:25%;" rowspan="2"|Translation
!colspan="2"|Chapter 26, മാംസാഹാരം
|-
!''Kural'' 254 (Couplet 26:4)
!''Kural'' 258 (Couplet 26:8)
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''V. V. Abdulla Sahib, 2002''||കൊല്ലായ്ക ദയവായീടും ജീവഹത്യ വിരുദ്ധമാം; ഹത്യയാൽ ലഭ്യമാമന്നം ഭുജിക്കുന്നതധർമ്മമാം ||ഉയിരുള്ള ശരീരത്തിൽ നിന്നു വേർപ്പെട്ട ഭാഗമാം പിണമായുള്ള മാംസത്തെ ഭുജിക്കാ വിജ്ഞരായവർ
|}

==See also==
* [[Tirukkural translations]]
* [[List of Tirukkural translations by language]]

== References ==
{{Portal box|India|Tamils|Literature|Poetry}}
{{reflist}}

==Published translations==
* Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair (Trans.). (1962). ''Bhasha Tirukkural (Dharmakandam)'' (Series 2). Trivandrum, India: Arul Nilayam. 197 pages. Available from http://sreyasfoundation.org/bhasha-thirukkural-thiruvallam/
* K. G. Chandrasekaran Nair (Trans.). (2003). ''Thirukkural'' [Prose translation into Malayalam]. Kottayam, India: D. C. Books.
* Abdulla Sahib, V. V. (2002). ''Thirukkural'' (Malayalam). Printed at Gupta Press, 123, Periyar Street, Erode–638 001, Tamil Nadu.
* M. R. R. Variar (Trans.). (2003). ''Thirukkural''. India:399 pages.
* S. Ramesan Nair (Trans.). (2008). തിരുക്കുറള്‍ (Thirukkural). Kottayam, India: D. C. Books. 805 pages.

==Bibliography==
* Neela Padhmanaban. (2000). இரமேசன் நாயரின் 'திருக்குறள்' மலையாள மொழியாக்கம்: சில சிந்தனைகள். [Ramesan Nair’s ‘Tirukkural’: Malayalam translation. Some thoughts]. வள்ளுவம். பல்லடம் மாணிக்கம் திருக்குறள் பண்பாட்டு ஆய்வு மையம்.
* Kunhikrishan, K. (1999). Tirukkural in Malayalam. Book Review of ''Tirukkural translation in Malayalam'' by S. Ramesan Nair. In: ''The Hindu.''

{{Tirukkural|state=collapsed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

[[Category:Tirukkural translations by language|Malayalam]]
[[Category:Translations into Malayalam]]

List of mosques in Hyderabad

2025-01-06T15:52:41Z

Gaurav: Minor updates and cleanup applied

#REDIRECT [[List of mosques in Telangana]]

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Keelavasal, Madurai

2024-12-14T16:46:28Z

Gaurav: Created new article more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Keelavasal, Madurai
|native_name =
|native_name_lang = ta
|other_name =
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Keelavasal, [[Madurai district|Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|coordinates = {{coord|9|55|08.0|N|78|07|35.4|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File: TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Madurai district|Madurai]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 159.87
|elevation_ft =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
|demographics1_title1 = Official
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
|demographics1_title2 = Speech
|demographics1_info2 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 625001
|area_code_type = [[Telephone]] code
|area_code = +91452*******
|registration_plate =
|blank1_name_sec1 = Other neighbourhoods
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Madurai]], [[Nelpettai]], [[Goripalayam, Madurai|Goripalayam]], [[Simmakkal, Madurai|Simmakkal]], [[Yanaikkal, Madurai|Yanaikkal]], [[South Gate, Madurai|South Gate]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Corporation]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Municipal Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 = [[District Magistrate|District Collector]]
|blank3_info_sec1 = M. S. Sangeetha, [[Indian Administrative Service|I. A. S.]]
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Madurai South Assembly constituency|Madurai]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 = [[S. Venkatesan]]
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 = [[M. Boominathan]]
|website = https://madurai.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

'''Keelavasal'''<ref>{{Cite book |author=Dr A. Balakrishnan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zztAAAAMAAJ&q=Keelavasal,%2520Madurai |title=Impact of Globalisation and Retaining Strategies for Labour and Employment |date=2007 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |isbn=978-81-7835-602-0 |language=en}}</ref> ('''Keellhavaasal''') is a neighborhood in [[Madurai district|Madurai]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokal Tamil - தமிழ் செய்திகள் |url=https://tamil.getlokalapp.com/tamilnadu-news/madurai/madurai-city/renovation-work-is-in-full-swing-at-tirumala-nayakkar-mahal-12094908 |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in the peninsular [[India]].

== Location ==
It is located with the [[Coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] of {{coord|9|55|08.0|N|78|07|35.4|E}} in Madurai.

== Transport ==
=== Road transport ===
To curb on-road parking at Keelavasal and its surrounding areas, [[Madurai Municipal Corporation|Madurai Corporation]] has planned to initiate Public-private Partnership Program parking system<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madurai corporation to initiate PPP parking system to curb on-road parking |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/jan/30/madurai-corpn-to-initiate-ppp-parking-system-to-curb-on-road-parking-2542526.html |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> that will considerably reduce traffic jams.

=== Rail transport ===
==== Madurai metrolite ====
Under Mass Rapid Transit system, Madurai [[Metrolite]] project that has been planned to connect [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Tirumangalam]] and [[Othakadai]] will have a station at Keelavasal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-27 |title=DPR for Madurai metro awarded to firm for Rs 1.3 crore |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/dpr-for-madurai-metro-awarded-to-firm-for-rs-1-3-crore/articleshow/99019690.cms |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Sunitha Sekar |date=2023-02-07 |title=Metrolite for Madurai |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/metrolite-for-madurai-31-km-elevated-stretch-planned-from-tirumangalam-to-othakadai/article66481746.ece |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Education ==
There is an educational institution named [[St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Madurai|St. Mary's Higher Secondary School]] for boys situated on East Veli street<ref>{{Cite web |title=St.Mary's Higher Secondary School, Madurai |url=http://stmaryshssmdu.in/contactus.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=stmaryshssmdu.in}}</ref> at Keelavasal.

== Historical importance ==
Keelavasal has a historical palace viz., [[Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lokal Tamil - தமிழ் செய்திகள் |url=https://tamil.getlokalapp.com/tamilnadu-news/madurai/madurai-city/renovation-work-is-in-full-swing-at-tirumala-nayakkar-mahal-12094908 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=tamil.getlokalapp.com}}</ref> built by King [[Tirumala Nayaka|Thirumalai Nayakkar]], the then ruler of Madurai.

== Religion ==
There is a [[Hindu temple]] viz., Thenthiruvalavaya Swamy temple in Keelavasal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Thenthiruvalavaya Swamy Temple, Keelavasal, Madurai - 625001, Madurai District [TM031970]., sivan, Thenthiruvalavaya swamy, Meenakshi amman |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=31970 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> which is maintained by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

Also there is a Christian [[Catholic Church]] namely [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Madurai|St. Mary's Cathedral]], which was built in the year 1841,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Mary's Cathedral in Madurai (History, Timings & Phone) - Madurai Tourism 2023 |url=https://maduraitourism.co.in/saint-mary-s-cathedral-madurai |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=maduraitourism.co.in}}</ref> on East Veli Street in Keelavasal.

== Politics ==
Keelavasal area falls under the [[Madurai South Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=மதுரை தெற்கு: வெற்றியைத் தீா்மானிக்கும் சௌராஷ்டிரா சமூகத்தினர் |language=ta |url=https://www.dinamani.com/elections/tamil-nadu/constituencies/2021/mar/01/tn-assembly-election-2021-madurai-south-constituency-3572473.html |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> Also, this area belongs to [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Madurai]]
[[Category:Madurai district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Madurai]]