https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=GarryNeuhaus77 2026-08-04T19:32:54Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batcara_II&diff=490076 2026-05-04T06:40:26Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1911 Konkani play by Pai Tiatrist}}<br /> {{Infobox play<br /> | name = Batcara II<br /> | image = Theatrical works of Pai Tiatrist.png<br /> | caption = The play is mentioned in Volume Dusro (Second Volume) of Fernandes's works, {{circa|1940s}}<br /> | writer = [[João Agostinho Fernandes]]<br /> | characters = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Casiano <br /> * Casmiro <br /> * Cecilia <br /> * Maurico <br /> * Esmeralda<br /> * Ernesto<br /> * Bhat<br /> * Sundori <br /> * Pudlick<br /> }}<br /> | setting = [[Goa]], and Bombay <br /> | premiere = 23 May 1911<br /> | place = [[Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)|Gaiety Theatre]], [[Bombay]], [[British India]]<br /> | orig_lang = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]<br /> | subject = [[Inter-caste marriage]]s, and acceptance of [[Western culture]] by [[Goan Hindu]]s<br /> | genre = [[Tiatr]], [[comedy drama]]<br /> | series = {{Plainlist|<br /> * ''[[Bebdo (play)|Bebdo]]''<br /> * ''[[The Belle of Cavel]]''<br /> * ''Pandurang Kusmonncar''<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Batcara II''''' is a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] play written by the [[Goan]] playwright [[João Agostinho Fernandes]]. It serves as a sequel to his 1904 [[Batcara|play of the same name]]. The play was penned in 1905 and premiered on 23 May 1911 at the [[Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)|Gaiety Theatre]] in [[Bombay]]. It was subsequently published on 13 June 1916. Unlike the first part, this play is structured into nine [[Scene (performing arts)|scenes]] rather than [[Act (drama)|acts]]. The plot continues the story from the original play, focusing on the main characters Casiano and his son Casmiro. Through their experiences with the Goan Union, the play depicts the duo's efforts to bring [[reform]]s to the region. The work also addresses themes of [[inter-caste marriage]]s and other [[Reformism (historical)|social reforms]] undertaken by the [[Goan Hindus|Hindu community in Goa]] during this period.<br /> <br /> ==Characters==<br /> Casiano Rodrigues is a wealthy [[Goan]] [[landlord]] from Panzarim, [[Goa]]. He has inherited and owns several [[Ancestral home|ancestral properties]] and is a member of the Goan Union in Bombay, a [[social welfare]] association.<br /> <br /> Roza Maria Luiza Vaz is Casiano's wife. She is a housewife by profession.<br /> <br /> Casmiro Rodrigues is the only child and heir of Casiano and Roza. He is a former banker and a member of the Goan Union. He is married to Cecilia Miranda.<br /> <br /> Cecilia Miranda is Casmiro's wealthy wife. She is rebellious in nature and abstains from engaging in household duties by pointing to the sizable [[dowry]] she possesses.<br /> <br /> Maurico is Esmeralda's father. He is a [[Catholic]] belonging to a [[Caste system in Goa#Other religions|higher-caste family]] and is against his daughter's [[inter-caste marriage]].<br /> <br /> Esmeralda is a young woman who believes in [[exogamy]] and wishes to marry Ernesto.<br /> <br /> Ernesto is Esmeralda's lover and belongs to a Catholic family of a lower caste.<br /> <br /> Bhat is the [[Patriarchy|patriarch]] of the Bhat family. He is a [[Hindu]] man, father of Sundori, and is supportive of the [[reform]]s taking place within [[Goan Hindus|Hindu society in Goa]].<br /> <br /> Sundori Bhat is Pudlick's wife. She is against the [[Reformism (historical)|social reforms]] taking place regarding Hindus, which is much different from her father's views.<br /> <br /> Pudlick is the husband of Sundori. He is a young, educated Hindu who is a reformer. He is part of a cohort of young individuals challenging [[Social norm|societal norms]] by wearing shoes and [[Western clothing]], activities considered taboo among Hindus, despite facing resistance from [[Traditionalist conservatism|traditionalists]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot summary==<br /> Casiano, the [[landlord]], has undergone a profound transformation characterized by a newfound sensitivity towards the needs of the underprivileged members of society. This change in perspective has led him to prioritize fair wages for his workers and advocate for the [[dignity of labor]]. Furthermore, he has adopted a more open-minded stance towards [[Interfaith marriage|mixed marriage]]s. Casiano is also contemplative about being held accountable for his life by a [[God in Christianity|higher authority in the future]]. In an effort to promote [[social change]], he works towards broadening the Goan Union's membership.<br /> <br /> The play delves deeper into Casmiro's personal life, revealing his wife Cecilia Miranda's discontent with domestic duties and her sense of pride in her sizeable [[dowry]] insinuate a belief that she should not be beholden to anyone. The resulting strain in their relationship is alleviated when Casmiro implores for understanding until the completion of property paperwork that favors them. The reformers, such as Casiano and his son Casmiro, both landowners in Panzarim, are actively involved in implementing changes in their hometown of [[Goa]]. Their endeavors are depicted in the production, showcasing not just [[inter-caste marriage]]s but also emphasizing the progressive transformation occurring within [[Goan Hindus|Hindu society in the colony of Goa]]. Educated youths from the Hindu community embark on a mission to challenge long-standing customs concerning footwear and [[Western clothing]]. <br /> <br /> Despite facing pushback from conservative factions, they champion the cause of advocating for the remarriage of ''bodkis'', [[Tonsure#Hinduism|Hindu widows who traditionally shave their heads]]. The play also provide more details on intercaste marriages. Maurico demonstrates acceptance towards his daughter Esmeralda's intercultural marriage with Ernesto. In a comparable fashion, Bhat imparts guidance to his daughter Sundori regarding the incorporation of her husband Pudlick's contemporary principles and convictions. Initially resistant to societal shifts, Maurico and Sundori eventually embrace change, contrasting with families like the Bhat family who find resolution for their disagreements through the embrace of traditional [[religious ritual]]s and practices.<br /> <br /> ==History of the play==<br /> The premiere performance took place in [[Bombay]] and was promoted as a [[musical comedy]] presented in English. The premiere featured a cast of five actresses: A. Mascarenhas, Sophia Fernandes, Luiza Maria Fernandes, Ernestina Morena, and Annie Fernandes. Sophia and Annie were the daughters of [[João Agostinho Fernandes]], while Luiza was his second wife. The production had a complex backstory. It was initially penned in 1905;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Remembering Pai Tiatrist |url=https://www.thegoan.net//remembering-pai-tiatrist/7577.html |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; however, a series of obstacles hindered its production during that period. In 1908, an official declaration was issued in [[Poona]] regarding the upcoming performance of the play ''[[Bebdo (play)|Bebdo]]''. Despite initial plans, the play did not come to fruition as anticipated. It was not until 23 May 1911 that the Goan Amateurs Dramatic Club successfully presented ''Batara II'' at the [[Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)|Gaiety Theatre]] in Bombay, following a series of delays.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=49, 55, 83–85, 104 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The favorable response from the audience was probably influenced by the fact that the play served as a continuation or follow-up to the first production. On the occasion of a performance, H. E. Visconde de Wrem, who served as the [[Consul General]] of Portugal in [[British India]], attended the play and found it entertaining, as noted by historian [[Wilson Mazarello]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art &amp; Culture |pages=18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> The plays ''Batcara II'' and its [[Batcara|predecessor]] are considered to be among the earliest known artistic works that provide representations and insights into the [[landlord]]-[[tenant farmer]]/labourer ({{langx|kok|i=yes|bhatcar-mundcar}}) relationship, an intrinsic component ingrained in the [[Culture of Goa|cultural heritage]], [[History of Goa|historical evolution]], and societal fabric of [[Goa]]. These plays are frequently referenced and used as sources to understand the dynamics of this relationship. In addition to the ''bhatcar-mundcar'' dynamic, the plays have also offered perspectives on the role of the [[Caste system in Goa|caste system]] in shaping the socio-economic relations within [[Goan]] society. Academic research has further explored the significance and influence of these dramatic works, such as the papers &quot;Vimala Devi's Bhatcars and the Mundcars&quot; (2021) by Dale Luis Menezes, published by [[Georgetown University]] in the United States,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Menezes |first=Dale Luis |date=2021 |title=Vimala Devi's Bhatcars and the Mundcars: Laborers, Landlords, and Culture in Goa |url=https://ajol.ateneo.edu/kk/articles/545/7062 |journal=[[Kritika Kultura]] |language=en |issue=38 |pages=397–414 |doi=10.13185/KK2022.003821|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;Agriculture in Curtorim&quot; (2022) by Professor Favita Rochelle Dias, published by [[Goa University]] in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dias |first=Favita Rochelle |date=2022 |title=Agriculture in Curtorim: Through the Lens of Caste |url=https://ajol.ateneo.edu/kk/articles/545/7063 |journal=[[Kritika Kultura]] |language=en |issue=38 |pages=415–434 |doi=10.13185/KK2022.003822|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tiatr]]<br /> [[Category:1911 musicals]]<br /> [[Category:Comedy-drama plays]]<br /> [[Category:Musical comedy plays]]<br /> [[Category:Plays about marriage]]<br /> [[Category:Sequel plays]]<br /> [[Category:Plays about religion]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrew_James_Wray_Geddes&diff=486494 2026-05-03T21:20:48Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Royal Air Force officer (1906-1988)}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=April 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> |name= Andrew James Wray Geddes<br /> |image= <br /> |image_size= <br /> |alt= <br /> |caption= <br /> |nickname= <br /> |birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1906|07|31}}<br /> |birth_place= [[Belgaum]], India<br /> |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|12|15|1906|07|31}}<br /> |death_place= [[Eastbourne]], Sussex, England<br /> |burial_place= <br /> |allegiance= United Kingdom<br /> |branch= [[British Army]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Royal Air Force]]<br /> |service_years= 1926–1954<br /> |rank= [[Air Commodore]]<br /> |service_number= 25011<br /> |unit= <br /> |commands= [[No. 2 Squadron RAF]]&lt;br/&gt;No 4 Flight Training School<br /> |battles= [[Second World War]]<br /> |awards= [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Distinguished Service Order]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (2)&lt;br/&gt;[[Commander of the Legion of Merit]] (United States)<br /> |relations= <br /> |other_work=<br /> }}<br /> [[Air Commodore]] '''Andrew James Wray Geddes''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|CBE|DSO}} (31 July 1906 – 15 December 1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;rafweb&quot;/&gt; was the senior [[Royal Air Force]] officer during the [[Second World War]] who led the planning for [[Operations Manna and Chowhound|Operation Manna]], the air drop of food supplies to the starving population of the Netherlands.&lt;ref name=&quot;rafweb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Geddes.htm |title=Air Commodore A J W Geddes |website=Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation |accessdate=16 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Geddes was born in [[Belgaum]], India,&lt;ref&gt;India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786–1947&lt;/ref&gt; the son of Major Malcolm Henry Burdett Geddes, an [[Indian Army]] officer. He soon returned to England with his mother and much later graduated from the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]] in [[Woolwich]] and joined the [[Royal Artillery]] in 1926.<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> Geddes began his military career in the [[British Army]] before being seconded to the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) in 1928. He trained at [[RAF Sealand]] before joining [[No. 4 Squadron RAF]] at [[RAF Farnborough]] flying the [[Bristol F.2 Fighter]] and later the [[Armstrong Whitworth Atlas]].<br /> <br /> In 1932, Geddes rejoined the Royal Artillery but was again seconded to the RAF in 1935, this time as a [[Flight Commander]] with [[No. 2 Squadron RAF]] at [[RAF Manston]]. By 1938, Geddes was the squadron commander.<br /> <br /> ===Second World War===<br /> Geddes spent all of the Second World War attached to the RAF, although retained his army commission, in the Royal Artillery. (He relinquished his army commission in 1946, with effect from 1 September 1945.)<br /> <br /> In 1939–1942, Geddes was commanding officer of [[No. 2 Squadron RAF]], an [[army co-operation]] unit. He was appointed an [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1941 New Year Honours]]. In 1942, Geddes was appointed commander of [[No. 35 Wing RAF]] and to the headquarters staff of [[RAF Army Cooperation Command]].<br /> <br /> Promoted to the substantiative rank of major on 3 February 1943, Geddes was in charge of operations and planning for [[Second Tactical Air Force]], from 1 April 1943 until [[VE Day]]. The RAF made him an acting air commodore on 1 June 1943, and he was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]] in June 1943.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=36051|date=8 June 1943 |page=2678|supp=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Geddes had an active role in the planning of [[Operation Overlord]], the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. Shortly after the landing on 6 June 1944, Geddes flew a photoreconnaissance [[North American P-51|Mustang]] over the invasion beaches, taking some of the first pictures of the invasion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafmarham/aboutus/iiacsqnhistoryww2.cfm |title=RAF Marham – II (AC) Squadron History – WWII |publisher=Raf.mod.uk |date=28 February 2012 |accessdate=16 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] on 1 January 1945.<br /> <br /> In early 1945, Geddes was responsible for the organising of [[Operations Manna and Chowhound]]; the dropping of food and other essentials to the starving Dutch population still in the occupied areas of the Netherlands. The first food drops began on 29 April 1945, even though no formal treaty had been signed between the Allies and Germans. That day over 240 [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]]s flew at low level to drop 535 tons of food at six designated places in the west of the Netherlands agreed with Germans. In case the Allies were trying to use the drop for military purposes (for example dropping paratroopers or arms for partisans), the Germans sent anti-aircraft guns to four of the locations. Local Dutch organising committees then set up a plan to collect the air drops and distribute the food.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tangmere-museum.org.uk/artefact-month/operation-manna |title=Operation 'Manna' |website=Tangmere Museum |date=April 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Geddes was again Mentioned in Despatches, on 14 June 1945, granted a Commander of the United States [[Legion of Merit]] in October 1945,&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=37300|date=5 October 1945 |page=4957|supp=y}}&lt;/ref&gt; and advanced to [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1946 New Year Honours]].&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=37407|date=28 December 1945 |page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Post military career==<br /> [[File:Rotterdam monument operatie manna.jpg|thumb|Operation Manna monument on the Air Commodore Geddespath in Rotterdam]]<br /> Geddes retired from the RAF on 29 September 1954 with the rank of [[air commodore]] and worked in local government.<br /> <br /> The road &quot;Air Commodore Geddespad&quot; in [[Rotterdam]] was named after him.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Geddes, Andrew James Wray}}<br /> [[Category:1906 births]]<br /> [[Category:1988 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Merit]]<br /> [[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Air Force air commodores]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Field Artillery officers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century British Army personnel]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Air Force pilots of World War II]]<br /> [[Category:British people in British India]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharat_Adivasi_Party&diff=490858 2026-05-03T09:38:55Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian political party in Rajasthan}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=May 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian political party<br /> | party_name = Bharat Adivasi Party<br /> | logo = Bharat Adivasi Party.png<br /> | colorcode = {{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}<br /> | abbreviation = BAP (बीएपी)<br /> | president = Mohan Lal Roat<br /> | foundation = 10 September 2023<br /> | headquarters = [[Dungarpur]], [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | ideology = {{nobr|[[Proposed states and union territories of India#Bhil Pradesh|Bhil Pradesh statehood]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<br /> | colours = {{Color box|#FF0000}} [[Red]]<br /> | alliance = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]] (2023-present)<br /> | loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|543|hex={{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}}}<br /> | website = {{URL|https://bharatadivasiparty.org/}}<br /> | state_seats_name = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | state_seats = {{Composition bar|4|200|hex=#FF0000}}<br /> | state2_seats_name = [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | state2_seats = {{Composition bar|1|230|hex=#FF0000}}<br /> | eci = State party<br /> | split = [[Bharatiya Tribal Party]]<br /> | founder = [[Rajkumar Roat]]<br /> | symbol = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Bharat Adivasi Party''' ('''BAP'''; {{Literal|Indian [[Adivasi]] Party}}) is a political party based in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. The party was formed by [[Rajkumar Roat]] on 10 September 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Priyali |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rajasthan Elections Results 2023 {{!}} All about Bharat Adivasi Party |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly/rajasthan-elections-results-2023-all-about-bharat-adivasi-party/article67600744.ece |access-date=2023-12-04 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The Bharat [[Adivasi]] Party won three seats in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and one seat in the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=मध्‍यप्रदेश में हुई इस नई पार्टी की एंट्री, कांग्रेस प्रत्याशी को चार हजार वोटों के अंतर से हराया; विधानसभा चुनाव में पहली जीत|url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-bharat-adivasi-party-registers-first-victory-in-madhya-pradesh-sailana-seat-23595643.html|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Party leader Roat won [[Chorasi Assembly constituency]] (Rajasthan) with a margin of more than 69,000 votes.<br /> <br /> == List of MPs ==<br /> === Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | S.No<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Election Year<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Portrait<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | MP<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Lok Sabha<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Margin<br /> |- <br /> !1.<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |[[File:Rajkumar_Roat.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |[[Rajkumar Roat]]<br /> |[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]]<br /> |[[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> |'''2,47,054'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == List of MLAs ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | S.No<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Election Year<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Portrait<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | MLAs<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! Style=&quot;background-color:#FF0000; color:white&quot; | Margin<br /> |- <br /> !colspan=6|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly<br /> |-<br /> !1.<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |[[File:Rajkumar_Roat.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |[[Rajkumar Roat]]<br /> |[[Chorasi Assembly constituency|Chorasi]]<br /> |'''69,166'''<br /> |-<br /> !2.<br /> |[[File:Umesh_meena.jpg|133x133px]]<br /> |[[Umesh Meena]]<br /> |[[Aspur Assembly constituency|Aspur]] <br /> |'''28,086'''<br /> |-<br /> !3.<br /> |<br /> |[[Thavar Chand Meena]]<br /> |[[Dhariawad Assembly constituency|Dhariawad]] <br /> |'''6,691'''<br /> |-<br /> !4.<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024^<br /> |<br /> |[[Anil Kumar Katara]]<br /> |[[Chorasi Assembly constituency|Chorasi]]<br /> |'''24,370'''<br /> |-<br /> !5.<br /> |<br /> |[[Jaikrishn Patel]]<br /> |[[Bagidora Assembly constituency|Bagidora]] <br /> |'''51,434'''<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=6|Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly<br /> |-<br /> !6.<br /> |[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Kamleshwar Dodiyar]]<br /> |[[Sailana Assembly constituency|Sailana]]<br /> |'''4,618'''<br /> |}<br /> ^by-election<br /> <br /> ==Election Symbols==<br /> The party was formed in September 2023, Just before the legislative Assembly elections of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. In [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan election]] the eci allotted '''Hockey Bat and Ball''', and won 4 seats also the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Madhya Pradesh legislative election]] were simultaneously occurred with Rajasthan. In MP, the party contested in '''Auto Rickshaw''' symbol and As a result, the party able to gain one seat in Madhya Pradesh assembly. In [[2024 Indian general election]] the party was allied with [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A]] Alliance. And Contested one Seat in '''Hockey Bat and Ball''' Symbol by the founder [[Rajkumar Roat]] in [[Banswara]] and he successfully won the election. And In 2025, the eci recognizes BAP as State Party in Rajasthan.<br /> <br /> ==Electoral performance==<br /> ===General election===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} |Election Year<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} |Lok Sabha<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Seats contested<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Seats won<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | +/- seats<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Overall Votes<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Percentage of votes<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |[[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |{{increase}} 1<br /> |1,257,056<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Legislative Assembly election===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} |Election Year<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Seats contested<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Seats won<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | +/- seats<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Overall Votes<br /> !Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Adivasi Party}} | Percentage of votes<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=6 | [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |27<br /> |3<br /> |{{increase}} 3<br /> |929,969<br /> |2.33<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=6 | [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |8<br /> |1<br /> |{{increase}} 1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=6 | [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |<br /> |0<br /> |{{steady}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> * [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> * [[Elections in India]]<br /> * [[List of political parties in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://bharatadivasiparty.org Official Website]<br /> <br /> {{Indian political parties}}<br /> {{Indian elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Political parties established in 2023]]<br /> [[Category:Political parties in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Bharat Adivasi Party]]<br /> [[Category:Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-party-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1973%E2%80%9374_Ranji_Trophy&diff=481889 2026-05-01T11:26:33Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Cricket Championship Season}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=December 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket tournament<br /> | name = 1973-74 Ranji Trophy<br /> | image = Ranji_trophy.jpg<br /> | imagesize = 285px<br /> | fromdate =<br /> | todate =<br /> | caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.<br /> | administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]<br /> | cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]<br /> | tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]<br /> | host =<br /> | champions = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | count = 1<br /> | participants = 24<br /> | matches =<br /> | attendance =<br /> | player of the series =<br /> | most runs = [[Hemant Kanitkar]] (Maharashtra) (629)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1973/74 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1973-74/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=13 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | most wickets = [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] (Karnataka) (55)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1973/74 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1973-74/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=13 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website =<br /> | previous_year = 1972–73<br /> | previous_tournament = 1972–73 Ranji Trophy<br /> | next_year = 1974–75<br /> | next_tournament = 1974–75 Ranji Trophy<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''1973–74 Ranji Trophy''' was the 40th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. Karnataka ended [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay's]] sequence of 15 consecutive titles by defeating them on first innings in the semifinal. They defeated [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] by 185 runs in the final to win their first Ranji Trophy.<br /> <br /> ==Group stage==<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-3}}<br /> <br /> ===South Zone===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:160px&quot;|Team<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|W|Won}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px;&quot;|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]<br /> | 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''26''' || 2.332<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''26''' || 1.948<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 1.699<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]<br /> | 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''5''' || 0.533<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3''' || 0.295<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Zone===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:160px&quot;|Team<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|W|Won}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px;&quot;|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]<br /> | 5 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''38''' || 2.264<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]<br /> | 5 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''26''' || 1.219<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] <br /> | 5 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 1.088<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Services cricket team|Services]] <br /> | 5 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 0.829<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]<br /> | 5 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || '''15''' || 0.900<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]] <br /> | 5 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''5''' || 0.386<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Zone===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:160px&quot;|Team<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|W|Won}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px;&quot;|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]<br /> | 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''20''' || 2.535<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]] <br /> | 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''19''' || 1.540<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]] <br /> | 3 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''5''' || 0.660<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]] <br /> | 3 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3''' || 0.453<br /> |}<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> <br /> ===West Zone===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:160px&quot;|Team<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|W|Won}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px;&quot;|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]<br /> | 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''27''' || 2.390<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]<br /> | 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''20''' || 1.297<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]<br /> | 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''18''' || 0.959<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]<br /> | 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 0.741<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]<br /> | 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3''' || 0.549<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Zone===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:160px&quot;|Team<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|W|Won}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|T|Tied}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:25px;&quot;|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''14''' || 0.874<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 1.413<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 1.015<br /> |- <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]<br /> | 3 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 0.813<br /> |}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> <br /> == Knockout stage ==<br /> {{Round16|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team v v1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 150px<br /> | score-width = 100px<br /> &lt;!-- Pre-Quarter-finals --&gt;<br /> |||||<br /> |22 Feb 1974 — Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|143 &amp; 161/3|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''197 &amp; 199'''<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> |22 Feb 1974 — Jamshedpur|'''[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]'''|'''105 &amp; 334/6d'''|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|169 &amp; 171<br /> |||||<br /> &lt;!-- Quarter-finals --&gt;<br /> |01 Mar 1974 — Hyderabad|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''493'''|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|254 &amp; 429/9<br /> |01 Mar 1974 — Delhi|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]|246 &amp; 127/4|'''[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]'''|'''255 &amp; 281'''<br /> |01 Mar 1974 — Bangalore|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''338 &amp; 265'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|206 &amp; 174<br /> |01 Mar 1974 — Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|302 &amp; 122|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''200 &amp; 283'''<br /> &lt;!-- Semi-finals --&gt;<br /> |15 Mar 1974 — Hyderabad|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|276 &amp; 155|'''[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]'''|'''196 &amp; 247'''<br /> |15 Mar 1974 — Bangalore|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''385 &amp; 279/8d'''|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|207 &amp; 84/0<br /> &lt;!-- Final --&gt;<br /> |23 Mar 1974 — Jaipur|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]|176 &amp; 127|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''276 &amp; 212'''<br /> &lt;!-- exclude matches --&gt;<br /> |skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=yes|skipmatch06=yes|skipmatch07=no|skipmatch08=yes<br /> |RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals|RD2 = Quarter-finals|RD3 = Semi-finals|RD4 = Finals<br /> |3rdplace=no}}<br /> <br /> === Semi-finals ===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 15–18 March 1974<br /> | round = '''1st Semi-final'''<br /> | team1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | team2 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] (H)<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 196 (82.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Parthasarathy Sharma]] 86<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Naushir Mehta]] 6/74 (29.2 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 276 (94.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Abdul Hai (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Hai]] 135<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Suresh Shastri]] 4/55 (21 overs)<br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 247 (100.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Nazmul Hussain]] 72<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[MV Narasimha Rao]] 5/24 (14.1 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 155 (67.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Mumtaz Hussain (cricketer)|Mumtaz Hussain]] 32<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Gajendra Singh Shaktawat (cricketer)|Gajendra Singh Shaktawat]] 6/34 (20.3 overs)<br /> | result = Rajasthan won by 12 runs<br /> | report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/34/34049.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | umpires = [[Ahmed Mamsa]] and [[Ram Punjabi]]<br /> | motm =<br /> | toss =<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Sunil Benjamin]] (Rajasthan) passed 1,000 runs and [[Abbas Ali Baig]] (Hyderabad) passed 12,000 runs in first-class cricket.<br /> * ''[[ML Jaisimha]] (Hyderabad) reached 400 wickets in first-class cricket.''<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 15–18 March 1974<br /> | round = '''2nd Semi-final'''<br /> | team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 385 (152 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gundappa Viswanath]] 162<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Padmakar Shivalkar]] 4/94 (43 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 307 (135 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ashok Mankad]] 84<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[EAS Prasanna]] 5/117 (63 overs)<br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 279/9[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (107.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Brijesh Patel]] 63<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Rakesh Tandon]] 4/114 (42 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 84/0 (34 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ramnath Parkar]] 49[[not out|*]]<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Gundappa Viswanath]] 0/7 (2 overs)<br /> | result = Match drawn (Karnataka won on first innings)<br /> | report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/34/34050.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]<br /> | umpires = [[Sunil Banerjee]] and [[Bhairab Ganguli]]<br /> | motm =<br /> | toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes = [[Brijesh Patel]] (Karnataka) passed 2,000 runs in first-class cricket.<br /> * ''[[Padmakar Shivalkar]] (Bombay) reached 300 wickets in first-class cricket.''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Final ===<br /> {{Test match<br /> | date = 23–27 March 1974<br /> | team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | team2 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] (H)<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 276 (101.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[B. Vijayakrishna]] 71<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chandrasekhar Joshi]] 3/53 (19 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 176 (89.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Hanumant Singh]] 83<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[V. S. Vijay Kumar]] 4/9 (7.1 overs)<br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 212 (85 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arani Jayaprakash|A. V. Jayaprakash]] 64[[not out|*]]<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Kailash Gattani]] 4/41 (19 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 127 (50.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Parthasarathy Sharma]] 51<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[EAS Prasanna]] 5/45 (21 overs)<br /> | result = Karnataka won by 185 runs<br /> | venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]<br /> | umpires = [[Madhav Gothoskar]] and [[Judah Reuben]]<br /> | motm =<br /> | report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/34/34059.html Scorecard]<br /> | toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain =<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Scorecards and averages==<br /> * [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1973-74.html CricketArchive]<br /> * [https://i.imgci.com/db/ARCHIVE/1970S/1973-74/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/ Knockout Matches (no pay wall)]<br /> * [https://i.imgci.com/db/ARCHIVE/1970S/1973-74/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/RAJ_KNTKA_RJI-FINAL_23-27MAR1974.html ESPNCricinfo (no pay wall)]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1973-74 Ranji Trophy}}<br /> [[Category:1973 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:1974 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1973–74]]<br /> [[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> <br /> {{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naan_Avan_Illai_(2007_film)&diff=519661 2026-04-26T15:56:06Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Naan Avan Illai 2007 poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Selvaa (director)|Selvaa]]<br /> | screenplay = Selvaa&lt;br /&gt;[[Pattukkottai Prabakar]] (dialogues)<br /> | story = [[K. Balachander]]<br /> | producer = V. Hitesh Jhabak<br /> | starring = [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Namitha]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jyothirmayi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Keerthi Chawla]]<br /> | cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]<br /> | editing = [[Suresh Urs]]<br /> | music = [[Vijay Antony]]<br /> | studio = [[Nemichand Jhabak]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|4|20|ref1=}}<br /> | runtime = 147 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Naan Avan Illai''''' ({{translation|I am not him}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic thriller|romantic]] [[crime thriller film]] directed by [[Selvaa (director)|Selvaa]]. It is a remake of the [[Naan Avanillai (1974 film)|1974 Tamil film]], which was based on the 1962 the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] play ''[[To Mee Navhech]]'', written by [[Pralhad Keshav Atre]]. The film stars [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] in the main lead role, with [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Namitha]], [[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]], [[Jyothirmayi]] and [[Keerthi Chawla]] as his heroines. It follows a man who is tried in court for marrying and cheating several women under different identities.<br /> <br /> ''Naan Avan Illai'' was released on 20 April 2007. The film was remade in [[Kannada]] in 2008 as ''[[Buddhivantha]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2008 |title=Buddivantha is a remake! |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14607384 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226070911/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14607384 |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a sequel titled ''[[Naan Avan Illai 2]]'' was released in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 November 2009 |title=Naan Avan Illai-2 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avan-illai-2-review-tamil-pclxwahjdhibc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417132830/https://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avan-illai-2-review-tamil-pclxwahjdhibc.html |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{long plot|date=May 2021}} &lt;!--per [[WP:FILMPLOT]], plot summaries should be between 400 and 700 words--&gt;<br /> A wedding advertisement of leading businesswoman Monika with a gentleman brings up a flurry of girls to the police, each one of them claiming the young groom in the picture to be their husband. Puzzled at first, the police slowly realises that they are dealing with a clever and elaborate con artist and womaniser who impresses beautiful girls with elaborate bluffs to a quick marriage and escapes with their money/jewelry after sleeping with them. The police sends out a look out notice with the photo and the man is shown outsmarting the police narrowly on many tough situations, but once the bus he is in gets into an accident sending everyone on board unconscious, and he is inevitably picked up by the police from the hospital.<br /> <br /> However the police soon realise that the guy is a tough nut to crack. He claims to be an innocent village simpleton named Annamalai with no connection to any of the cases dumped on him. They also realise that he has left no solid evidences around any of his conjobs that could be traced to his flesh and blood. To all the charges against him the cool, smooth-talking, and confident Annamalai has only one constant answer&amp;nbsp;– &quot;Naan Avan Illai&quot; (I am not him). Monika is shocked but refuses to believe that her lover could be the conman that the police make out. Produced before the court, he adopts the brilliant tactic of not denying the reality of any of the conjobs but just that he is not the man&amp;nbsp;– &quot;Naan Avan Illai&quot; (I am not him), leaving even the Judge Sharada in a fix. The principal complainants are three women&amp;nbsp;— Rekha, Ammukutty Menon, and Rani&amp;nbsp;— all of whom recollect their encounters with the guy in court.<br /> <br /> Rekha is pursuing a modelling career when she picks up a cell phone on the way to get a call from its owner, a young man who calls himself Vignesh. He introduces himself as a millionaire businessman based in London who flies the world on a regular basis and has all influential connections, and Rekha soon falls head over heels over him when he offers to promote her dream acting career. Even her businessman brother Thyagu falls for his charms when he hands over 25 lakhs to bribe a minister in order to approve a tender of Thyagu's. The impressed brother-sister duo proposes marriage to Vignesh, which he readily accepts. When Vignesh says that his mother in London has fixed a billionaire foreigner for his wife, which shall happen as soon as he returns to London, Thyagu offers to conduct Rekha's marriage with him the very next day so that Rekha could go with him as his wife and convince his family. Thus, the marriage happens in the auspices of Rekha's family with nobody on part of Vignesh present. Vignesh and Rekha consummate their marriage at a resort of her family friend's offering, but Rekha wakes up in the morning to see Vignesh missing. She has not heard from him ever since.<br /> <br /> Ammukutty is a young scion of the Cochin royal family who has to deal with an unpleasant fiancée at home when she meets a young man apparently by chance on the road who claims to be Madhavan Menon from Thrissur. She easily falls for his charms and later gets to hear from a call on his cell phone that he is actually a scion of the Travancore royal family and is out from home to escape a marriage he does not like. Impressed, she proposes him and plans to elope on the day of her marriage. Madhavan enters the ceremony in the guise of the officiating priest and cleverly manages to run away with her. As he cannot go to his own family as per his story, they settle anonymously at Trivandrum and consummate their marriage. At the end of the day when Madhavan gets a call from Napoleon reminding him of a deadline to pay some 10 lakhs regarding his business, Ammukutty readily offers her jewellery, which Madhavan reluctantly accepts and leaves. She has not heard from him since.<br /> <br /> Chandra was a naïve godwoman who ran a spiritual ashram with her young daughter Rani when Hariharan Das turns up as a young spiritual master from some superior ashram in the Himalayas. He soon convinces everyone that he is an incarnation of Lord Krishna himself while Rani is an incarnation of none other than the divine Radha. Their marriage is soon arranged, and they consummate the marriage in a form in an extended rasaleela. Soon, he escapes with all the ashram jewellery during a supposed miracle show.<br /> <br /> Monika is a billionaire businesswoman and a divorcee who happens to hire a young man who calls himself Shyam Prasad as her marketing manager. Lonely longing for love and trying to escape her impotent ex-husband, she easily falls for Shyam's charms, and the adept Shyam soon enters her bed even without any pretense of a marriage. She is still head over heels in love with her hero after all the bad news has come out.<br /> <br /> Throughout the court proceedings, Annamalai defends his case brilliantly by repeatedly pinpointing that every one of the crimes narrated by the women could be true and the person who committed it might look like himself, but it just happens that he is not the man&amp;nbsp;– &quot;Naan Avan Illai&quot; (I am not him). The police even trace his associate &quot;Napoleon&quot; who is actually Alex Thambidurai. However this turns useless as &quot;Annamalai&quot; resorts to his usual &quot;Naan Avan Illai&quot; and Thambidurai too cannot bring any evidence to pin the man in flesh and blood. Sharada is forced to concede that there is no solid evidence establishing the same.<br /> <br /> The DYSP, the investigation officer, is frustrated that he cannot pin the person he has to any of the crimes committed with solid evidence. He sees a ray of hope when David Fernandes appears, claiming to be the guy's elder brother. As narrated by him, &quot;Annamalai&quot; is actually Joseph Fernandez, an intelligent student who, due to bad influences, takes the easy way out by becoming a fraud and trickster. &quot;Annamalai&quot; denies this too, as usual&amp;nbsp;– &quot;Naan Avan Illai.&quot; The DySP arranges a DNA cross match with David to establish that the guy is his sibling. However, his hopes are shattered when the DNA test returns a negative answer. It is soon revealed that it was Monika who tampered with the DNA cross match, ready to go to any crazy extend to save her guy from the clutches of the law.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Sharada's own daughter Anjali is surprised at the developments as she too had been conned by the man, but only of some money, faking a painting by posing as an acclaimed artist Zakir Hussain. A law student herself, Anjali quite clearly sees through &quot;Annamalai&quot;'s schemes but is impressed by his brilliant performance in court, and like Monika, wishes him to be acquitted.<br /> <br /> At the end of the hearing, Justice Sharada is inevitably forced to acquit &quot;Annamalai&quot; for lack of evidence, but the girls he cheated are waiting with drawn daggers for him. While he escapes all four of the present, another lady in a saree gets him in the heart. She reveals herself to the DySP as yet another woman who was cheated. The scene ends with Annamalai going down, making a cross with Jesus' name on his lips, but the film ends cutting short to the same person in a totally different appearance bluffing his way to a Caucasian girls in a foreign background.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] as Joseph Fernandez / Annamalai / Vignesh / Madhavan Menon / Zakir Hussein / Hariharan Das / Shyam Prasad<br /> *[[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as Anjali<br /> *[[Namitha]] as Monika Prasad<br /> *[[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]] as Rekha Vignesh<br /> *[[Jyothirmayi]] as Ammukutty Menon<br /> *[[Keerti Chawla]] as Rani Das<br /> *[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Judge Saradha<br /> *[[Hema Choudhary]] as Chandra Bhai<br /> *[[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Chief Investigation Officer<br /> *[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as David Fernandez<br /> *[[Mayilsamy]] as Alex Thambidurai/Napoleon<br /> *[[Mohan Raman]] as the public prosecutor<br /> *[[Bala Singh]] as Minister Chelladurai<br /> *[[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Thyagu<br /> *[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]<br /> *[[P. R. Varalakshmi]] as Annamalai's foster mother<br /> *Kousalya Senthamarai<br /> *[[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]] as dancer in &quot;Macha Kanni&quot; song (cameo appearance)<br /> *[[Tejashree]] as a victim of Joseph (uncredited appearance)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Vijay Antony]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naan Avan Illai (2007) |url=https://mio.to/album/Naan+Avan+Illai+%282007%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225111424/http://mio.to/album/Naan+Avan+Illai+%282007%29 |archive-date=25 February 2015 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=MusicIndiaOnline |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Radha Kadhal&quot; is the remake of the song &quot;Radha Kadhal Varadha&quot; from the original film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=13 April 2007 |title=Music of ''Naan Avan Illai'' remake is dismal |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/13nai.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925055630/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/13nai.htm |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=25 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Artist(s) !! Lyrics<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kaakha Kaakha&quot;<br /> | [[Vijay Antony]], [[Charulatha Mani]], Maya, [[Megha (singer)|Megha]], [[Vinaya Prasad|Vinaya]]<br /> | [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aen Enakku Mayakkam&quot;<br /> | Jayadev, [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]], Megha, Ramya, Sheepa<br /> | Pa. Vijay<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Macha Kanni&quot;<br /> | Vijay Antony, Jayarajagopalam, Sathya Lakshmi<br /> | Pa. Vijay<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Nee Kavidhai&quot;<br /> | [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], Megha<br /> | Pa. Vijay<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Radha Kadhal&quot;<br /> | V. V. Prasanna, Maya, Sangeetha Rajeshwaran, Vinaya<br /> | [[Kannadasan]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Then Kudicha&quot;<br /> | [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Deepa Miriam]]<br /> | [[Palani Bharathi]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> The film was released on 20 April 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naan Avanillai (2007) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/naan-avanillai-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414084510/https://screen4screen.com/movies/naan-avanillai-3 |archive-date=14 April 2024 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' called it &quot;technically far superior&quot; to the 1974 film, &quot;but the modern remake lacks the bite of the original .Still it is worth a look, for its racy narration&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;si&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 April 2007 |title=Naan Avanillai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avanillai-review-tamil-pclwoyeddjebf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416202030/http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avanillai-review-tamil-pclwoyeddjebf.html |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of Jeevan, Vijay Antony's music, Prabhakar's dialogues and praising the director for narrating flashback of every girl interestingly and concluded calling it a warning bell for girls who get cheated by men.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=20 May 2007 |title=நான் அவன் இல்லை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-05-20/page/28/mode/2up |access-date=1 May 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=28–29 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; KLT of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;This V. Hitesh Jhabak production has a lot going for it&amp;nbsp;— fast-paced narrative, slick editing, apt casting and a plot that eschews candyfloss formula. Inspired by K. Balachander's 1970s original, the remake is a high gloss product&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=KLT |date=27 April 2007 |title=A glossy remake -- Naan Avan Illai |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/04/27/stories/2007042700340200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417225640/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/04/27/stories/2007042700340200.htm |archive-date=17 April 2008 |access-date=2 May 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{Selva (director)}}<br /> {{To Mee Navhech}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2000s romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about con artists]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on adaptations]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Selva (director)]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Vijay Antony]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Romantic crime films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic thriller films]]<br /> <br /> {{Improve categories|date=November 2024}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pradyumna_Kumar_Nayak&diff=526232 2026-04-20T08:37:17Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: created the bio nd citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Pradyumna Kumar Nayak<br /> | birth_name =<br /> | caption = <br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = Tilisingi<br /> <br /> Current Residence Address-Kripalu Nagar, Bagdebi Road, Bhanjanagar, Ganjam<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br /> Office Address- Kripalu Nagar, Bagdebi Road, Bhanjanagar, Ganjam, 9437308792<br /> | constituency = [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]<br /> | term_start = 4 June 2024<br /> | predecessor = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]<br /> | constituency1 = <br /> | term1 = <br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | successor1 = <br /> | office2 = <br /> | constituency2 = <br /> | term_start2 = <br /> | predecessor2 = <br /> | successor2 = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | other_party = <br /> | website = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pradyumna Kumar Nayak''' (born 1967)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pradyumna Kumar Nayak(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BHANJANAGAR(GANJAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=276 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Odisha]]. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhanjanagar Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bhanjanagar-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916885.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Nayak is from [[Bhanjanagar]], [[Ganjam district]], Odisha. He is the son of Shyama Sundar Nayak. He completed his LLM in 1996 at Capital Law College, [[Bhubaneswar|Bhubaneshwar]] which is affiliated with Utkal University.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He is a practising advocate.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Nayak became an MLA for the first time winning the Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 83,822 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] of the [[Biju Janata Dal]], by a margin of 16,324 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Odisha Assembly elections 2024: BJP releases list of 112 candidates, retains 21 of 22 sitting MLAs - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/odisha-assembly-elections-2024-bjp-releases-list-of-112-candidates-retains-21-of-22-sitting-mlas-19391019.htm |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pradyumna Kumar Nayak, BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Pradyumna Kumar Nayak, Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/odisha/assembly-election-candidates-list-2024/pradyumna-kumar-nayak-18123-1 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Full list of Odisha Assembly elections 2024 winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-odisha-assembly-elections-2024-winners-9365903/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, he lost the election on the BJP ticket to [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] of the BJD, by a margin of 9,103 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-05-24 |title=Odisha Election Results 2019: BJD wins 112 assembly seats, BJP settles at 23 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-elections-2019-results-highlights/articleshow/69453821.cms |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nayak, Pradyumna Kumar}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:1967 births]]<br /> <br /> {{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazratbal_Assembly_constituency&diff=502445 2026-04-15T23:20:53Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: adding some entry nd citations...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Hazratbal<br /> | mla = Salman Sagar <br /> | party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | district = [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 19<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Hazratbal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Hazratbal is also part of [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Hazratbal Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/hazratbal.html|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Mohammed Yahya Sidiqi || {{Full party name with color|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Mohammed Yehya Siddiqi<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Sofi Ghulam Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | Hissam-Ud-Din Bandey || {{Full party name with color|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Mohammed Yasin Shah<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | Mohammed Syed Akhoon<br /> |-<br /> | [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Farooq Abdullah<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 elections in India#Jammu and Kashmir|2009 By-election]] || [[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Asiya Naqash]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Salman Sagar]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref name=&quot;J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Hazratbal&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Hazratbal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0819.htm |accessdate=16 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 October 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716181850/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0819.htm |archivedate=16 July 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Salman Sagar]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=18,890 |percentage=51.52% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asiya Naqash]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=8,595 |percentage=23.44% |change={{decrease}}21.43 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peer Bilal Ahmad |party=Democratic Progressive Azad Party |votes=5,471 |percentage=14.92% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool Beigh |party=Independent politician |votes=827 |percentage=2.26% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faiz Ahmad Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=703 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shahid Hassan |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=342 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basit Bashir Gagroo |party=Jammu and Kashmir Nationalist People's Front |votes=225 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=732 |percentage=2.00% |change={{increase}}0.57 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,295 |percentage=28.08% |change= {{increase}}16.55 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=36,668 |percentage=32.58% |change= {{increase}}3.04 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,12,541 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.70 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}6.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu &amp; Kashmir 2014 - Jammu &amp; Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asiya Naqash]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=13,234 |percentage=44.87% |change={{increase}}4.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Syed Akhoon |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=9,834 |percentage=33.34% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Masood Ul Hassan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,635 |percentage=8.93% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Altaf Hussain Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,089 |percentage=3.69% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Ahmad |party=Indian National Congress |votes=921 |percentage=3.12% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=348 |percentage=1.18% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mirza Sajad Hussain |party=Rashtriya Jankranti Party |votes=272 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=422 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,400 |percentage=11.53% |change= {{increase}}2.59 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=29,497 |percentage=29.54% |change= {{increase}}9.65 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,857 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.35 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}4.38 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly By-election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 elections in India#Jammu and Kashmir|2009 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Hazratbal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=8,555 |percentage=49.25% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asiya Naqash]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=7,003 |percentage=40.31% |change={{increase}}12.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mufti Nazimudin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,467 |percentage=8.44% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abul Ahad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=180 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yaqub Dhunoo |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=167 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,552 |percentage=8.93% |change= {{decrease}}8.35 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=17,372 |percentage=19.89% |change= {{decrease}}9.02 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,326 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.12 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}4.59 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2008 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Farooq Abdullah |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=11,041 |percentage=44.66% |change={{decrease}}5.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asiya Naqash]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=6,769 |percentage=27.38% |change={{increase}}0.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aga Syed Mohasin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,913 |percentage=11.78% |change={{increase}}7.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front (Secular) |votes=977 |percentage=3.95% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mufti Nazimudin |party=Independent politician |votes=597 |percentage=2.41% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ali Mohammad Wani |party=Independent politician |votes=370 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehraj Ud Din Budoo |party=Independent politician |votes=361 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,272 |percentage=17.28% |change= {{decrease}}5.68 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=24,722 |percentage=28.91% |change= {{increase}}21.79 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,514 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.36 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}5.13 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2002 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Syed Akhoon |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,042 |percentage=49.79% |change={{decrease}}15.30 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Akhoon |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=1,639 |percentage=26.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Shakhsaz |party=Independent politician |votes=696 |percentage=11.39% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Jaffer Hajam |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=287 |percentage=4.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peer Nazir Ahmed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=257 |percentage=4.21% |change={{increase}}0.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Amin Wani |party=Independent politician |votes=111 |percentage=1.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Denthoo |party=Independent politician |votes=78 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,403 |percentage=22.96% |change= {{decrease}}17.30 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,110 |percentage=7.12% |change= {{decrease}}15.32 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,827 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.99 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}15.30 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Syed Akhoon |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,109 |percentage=65.08% |change={{increase}}3.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,855 |percentage=24.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Malik Ghulam Mohammed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=618 |percentage=3.98% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Qadir |party=Janata Dal |votes=482 |percentage=3.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Kishen Mujoo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=468 |percentage=3.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,254 |percentage=40.27% |change= {{increase}}4.28 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=15,532 |percentage=23.60% |change= {{decrease}}52.70 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,222 |ref = |change= {{increase}}66.65 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}3.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yasin Shah |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=19,167 |percentage=61.41% |change={{decrease}}8.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Fayaz Naqashbandi |party=Independent politician |votes=7,936 |percentage=25.43% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sofi Ghulam Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=2,587 |percentage=8.29% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ismail |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=1,520 |percentage=4.87% |change={{decrease}}64.93 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,231 |percentage=35.99% |change= {{decrease}}16.41 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=31,210 |percentage=76.98% |change= {{decrease}}3.41 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,538 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.50 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}8.39 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hissam-Ud-Din Bandey |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=18,744 |percentage=69.80% |change={{decrease}}10.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sofi Ghulam Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=4,674 |percentage=17.41% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaffar Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,219 |percentage=8.26% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Wani |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=776 |percentage=2.89% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Afsar |party=Independent politician |votes=440 |percentage=1.64% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,070 |percentage=52.40% |change= {{decrease}}10.53 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=26,853 |percentage=81.53% |change= {{decrease}}1.55 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,189 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.01 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}10.94 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hissam-Ud-Din Bandey |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=23,032 |percentage=80.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Iliyas |party=Janata Party |votes=5,081 |percentage=17.81% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yehya Siddiqi |party=Independent politician |votes=346 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,951 |percentage=62.93% |change= {{increase}}61.53 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=28,527 |percentage=82.59% |change= {{increase}}20.52 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,617 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.68 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sofi Ghulam Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=8,069 |percentage=38.67% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yehya Siddiqi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,777 |percentage=37.27% |change={{decrease}}2.74 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Rasool Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=2,541 |percentage=12.18% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Qasim |party=Independent politician |votes=1,291 |percentage=6.19% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hakim Ghulam Hassan |party=Independent politician |votes=833 |percentage=3.99% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mubarik Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=260 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=292 |percentage=1.40% |change= {{decrease}}13.61 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=20,868 |percentage=63.50% |change= {{increase}}20.08 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,029 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.21 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}16.35 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yehya Siddiqi |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=6,550 |percentage=55.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. A. Sofi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,763 |percentage=40.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Q. Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=340 |percentage=2.86% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. R. Kabli |party=Independent politician |votes=253 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,787 |percentage=15.01% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=11,906 |percentage=41.27% |change= {{increase}}39.50 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,144 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.83 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Hazratbal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yahya Sidiqi |party=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |votes=27,198 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,198 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Hazratbal]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|34.131|74.842|display=title}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Srinagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majority_Act,_1875&diff=515239 2026-04-14T07:28:16Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian law determining age of majority}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox legislation<br /> | short_title = Indian Majority Act, 1875<br /> | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg<br /> | long_title = An Act to amend the law respecting the age of majority.<br /> | imagesize = 150<br /> | enacted_by = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]<br /> | status = in force<br /> }}<br /> The '''Majority Act, 1875''' ''(Indian Majority Act, 1875 earlier)''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawzonline.com/bareacts/indian-majority-amendment-act-1999/section3-indian-majority-amendment-act.htm|title = Section 3-Indian Majority (Amendment) Act, 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; As per section 3(1) of the Indian Majority Act, 1875 every person domiciled in India shall attain the age of majority on completion of 18 years and not before. Unless a particular personal law specifies otherwise, every person domiciled in India is deemed to have attained majority upon completion of 18 years of age. Section 3(2) states that in computing the age of any person, the day on which he was born is to be included as a whole day and he shall be deemed to have attained majority at the beginning of the eighteenth anniversary of that day. But if the child born is appointed a guardian or he/she is under court of wards then he/she attains majority after his completion of 21 years of age.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THE MAJORITY ACT, 1875 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2284/1/A1875-9.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023084722/https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2284/1/A1875-9.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-23 |website=indiacode.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/80664820/ | title=The Indian Majority Act, 1875 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://infochangeindia.org/200706186472/Agenda/Child-Rights-In-India/Who-is-a-child.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321083848/http://infochangeindia.org/200706186472/Agenda/Child-Rights-In-India/Who-is-a-child.html | url-status=usurped | archive-date=21 March 2009 | title=InfoChange India News &amp; Features development news India }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THE INDIAN MAJORITY ACT, 1875 |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/fullact1.asp?tfnm=187509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410133734/http://indiacode.nic.in/fullact1.asp?tfnm=187509 |archive-date=2009-04-10 |website=indiacode.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1875 in law]]<br /> [[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tekkali_revenue_division&diff=539949 2026-04-12T02:02:39Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new new biography</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{infobox settlement<br /> | name = Tekkali revenue division<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = <br /> | map_caption = Tekkali revenue division in Srikakulam district<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]<br /> | total_type = Total<br /> | settlement_type = Revenue division in [[Srikakulam district]]<br /> | population_total = 8,99,280<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> }}<br /> '''Tekkali revenue division''' (or Tekkali division) is a [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|revenue division]] in the [[Srikakulam district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://areaprofiler.gov.in/aboutUsIntgeratedPES.do?stateCode=0&amp;lbCode=5911&amp;languageId=1 |title=About Tekkali Mandal Panchayat}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the three revenue divisions in the district with ten [[mandals]] under its administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Srikakulam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2811_PART_B_DCHB_SRIKAKULAM.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=13 February 2016|page=27|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt; The divisional headquarters are located at [[Tekkali]].<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> The 10 mandals administered under the revenue division.&lt;ref name=&quot;districts-20253112&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Andhra News:కొత్త జిల్లాలు పోలవరం, మార్కాపురం |date=2025-12-30 |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/ap-cabinet--approves-formation-of-two-new-districts/1799/125240498 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Eenadu|lang=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601231914/https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !No.<br /> !Mandals<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Tekkali mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |[[Santhabommali mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Kotabommali mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |[[Pathapatnam mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Meliaputti mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Saravakota mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |[[Kothuru mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Hiramandalam mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |[[Laxminarasupeta mandal]]<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |[[Nandigam mandal]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> At the time of the 2011 census, the division had a population of 8,99,280. The rural population is 7,57,871 and the urban population is 1,41,409. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.50% and 4.63% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> 98.99% of the population are Hindus and 0.53% are Christians.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the time of the 2011 census, 85.49% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and 13.07% [[Odia language|Odia]] as their first language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> *[[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Srikakulam district}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Srikakulam district]]<br /> [[Category:Revenue divisions in Srikakulam district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Srikakulam-geo-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Augusta_Oldham&diff=516512 2026-03-31T14:14:25Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: New.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian-born American missionary}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | image = MARIS AUGUSTA OLDHAM A woman of the century (page 556 crop).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Portrait photo from ''[[A Woman of the Century]]''<br /> | birth_name = Marie Augusta Mulligan<br /> | birth_date = November, 1857<br /> | birth_place = [[Satara (city)|Sattara]], India<br /> | death_date = October 13, 1938<br /> | death_place = [[Glendale, California]], U.S.<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[William Fitzjames Oldham]]|1875|1937|end=died}}<br /> | occupation = Missionary<br /> | known_for = President, [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] in Malaysia<br /> }}<br /> '''Marie Augusta Oldham''' (1857–1938) was an India-born American assistant missionary of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] (MEC). She was also the first President of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) in Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Willard |first1=Frances Elizabeth |author1-link=Frances Willard |last2=Livermore |first2=Mary Ashton Rice |author2-link=Mary Livermore |title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life |year=1893 |publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]] |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Marie_Augusta_Oldham |pages=546–47 |chapter=OLDHAM, Mrs. Marie Augusta }} {{Source-attribution}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Missionary1889&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Methodist Episcopal Church Board of Foreign Missions |title=Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church |date=1889 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Y5AAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA230 |access-date=1 March 2024 |language=en}} {{Source-attribution}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Marie Augusta Mulligan was born in [[Satara (city)|Sattara]], [[Western India]], in November, 1857. Her father was from [[Belfast]], Ireland, and an officer in the British army on service in India. Her mother was born in India and was of the old &quot;Butler&quot; stock, also of Ireland. Her mother was early left a widow, with three daughters and one son to care for. Although accustomed to the ease and luxury of [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian]] life, she recognized that, to raise her family for usefulness, her life of ease must cease. She opened a dressmaking and millinery establishment and was enabled to give her children a practical idea of life and a fair education, and to make them self-reliant.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> When Marie was 15 years old, a significant change in the family life was caused by the arrival and preaching, in [[Pune|Poona]], of [[William Taylor (bishop)|William Taylor]]. Marie's oldest sister, Lizzie, married A. Christie, a government surveyor, who one day announced that an American evangelist was holding very extraordinary services in the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk]]. Though the family was Episcopalian, they were curious, and decided to go and listen. They had never before heard such preaching. When, at the close of the service, the evangelist requested all who there determined from that time to become followers of Christ, to rise to their feet, Marie was the first to respond, followed by her sister and her brother-in-law. A new trend was given to the whole inner life of the family with Marie becoming an earnest working member of the MEC.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Marriage==<br /> [[File:1854-1937-ForeverBegin-p5-WilliamMarieOldham.jpg|thumb|[[William Fitzjames Oldham|William]] and Marie Oldham (undated)]]<br /> In 1875, she married [[William Fitzjames Oldham]], at that time an active layman in the church, who had been led to his religious life by hearing a few words of testimony spoken by Miss Mulligan, in a meeting which he had entered through curiosity. She went to [[Bangalore]], [[South India]], with her husband, who was a government surveyor. While there, her sympathies induced her to open a girls' school, which she did, unaided, conducting it alone until help was furnished her.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1879, her husband, believing himself called to the gospel ministry, prepared to leave India to fit himself in an American college for his life work. Mrs. Oldham consented to four years of separation from her husband, while she, in the meantime, should support herself in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> In one year, largely through the kindness of the women of the [[Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church|Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the MEC]] in [[Meadville, Pennsylvania]], Mrs. Oldham was enabled to join her husband in [[Allegheny College]]. After spending two years in the college, she entered [[Boston University]] as a sophomore. While there, she developed health problems, and after a few months of rest, she entered [[Mount Holyoke College|Mount Holyoke Seminary]], in [[South Hadley, Massachusetts]], staying until the spring of 1884.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Later in 1884, she sailed with her husband to India where they hoped to live and work. She visited her mother and friends a few weeks, holding herself ready to go wherever her husband might be sent. Bishop Thoburn, presiding over the India missionary work, appointed Rev. Oldham to the [[South India]] conference in the fall of 1884, to go to [[Singapore]] in [[Malaysia]] and arrange there a self-supporting mission.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Arriving in Singapore, she assisted and encouraged her husband in his work among the boys and men. She taught in the boys' school, and opened the work among women.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Oldham was appointed first President of the WCTU in Malaysia, where, with [[Mary Greenleaf Clement Leavitt]], Oldham organized the work. Along with women of her union, Oldham was deeply interested in the welfare of English, U.S., and German sailors, visiting the saloons and persuading them to attend gospel and temperance meetings. To reach the women of the different nationalities with a more direct and efficient style became her aim. Two English women who, like herself, were then in missionary work, gave their aid, and by their untiring efforts, a permanent mission was established among the women of that island. The women of [[Minnesota]], furnished the money, and Australia supplied the missionary, [[Sophia Blackmore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> After years of incessant labor, the Oldhams returned to the U.S., coming by way of China and Japan. Mrs. Oldham was busy with her husband in a large church in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. She was also in demand as a platform speaker to plead for the work among women in the foreign mission fields. She wrote much in behalf of that work and was a contributor to the ''Gospel in All Lands'' and other missionary periodicals.&lt;ref name=&quot;WillardLivermore-1893&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Marie Augusta Oldham died in [[Glendale, California]], October 13, 1938.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheLATimes1938&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Death Claims Mrs. Oldham. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-death-claims-mrs/142372743/ |access-date=1 March 2024 |work=The Los Angeles Times |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=14 October 1938 |page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{wikisource-inline|Woman of the Century/Marie Augusta Oldham}}<br /> * [https://www.methodist.org.sg/methodist-message/meet-marie-the-tiny-energetic-lady-behind-the-gifted-preacher-oldham/ &quot;Meet Marie, the tiny, energetic lady behind the gifted preacher Oldham&quot;], by Earnest Lau, 6 February 2006, [[Methodist Church in Singapore]]<br /> <br /> {{Portal|Biography}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Oldham, Marie Augusta}}<br /> [[Category:1857 births]]<br /> [[Category:1938 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Satara (city)]]<br /> [[Category:Methodist missionaries in India]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union]]<br /> [[Category:Allegheny College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Boston University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Mount Holyoke College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century]]<br /> [[Category:Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century American women educators]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century American educators]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Rani_(2013_film)&diff=528334 2026-03-31T13:12:17Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2013 film directed by Atlee}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Raja Rani 2013 poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]<br /> | writer = Atlee<br /> | producer = [[A. R. Murugadoss]]<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]<br /> *[[Jai (actor)|Jai]]<br /> *[[Nayanthara]]<br /> *[[Nazriya Nazim]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = [[George C. Williams (cinematographer)|George C. Williams]]<br /> | editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]<br /> | music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | studio = A. R. Murugadoss Productions<br /> | distributor = [[Fox Star Studios]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2013|09|27|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 164 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Raja Rani''''' ({{translation|The King and Queen}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], and produced by [[A. R. Murugadoss]]. The film stars [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Nayanthara]] and [[Nazriya Nazim]], while [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] and [[Sathyaraj]] appear in supporting roles. It follows a couple who are reluctantly married, and slowly fall in love after learning of each other's past.<br /> <br /> ''Raja Rani'' is the feature directorial debut of Atlee. Filming began in October 2012 and ended in August 2013. The film was released on 27 September 2013 and became a commercial success. It won several accolades, including four [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] and two [[Filmfare Awards South]] from four nominations. It was remade in Bengali as ''[[Shudhu Tomari Jonyo]]'' (2015), and in Sinhala as ''[[Sihinayaki Adare]]'' (2024)<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> John and Regina agree to marry each other for their parents' sake. After their marriage, they live together as strangers in their apartment, where the neighbours are upset with John, who comes home drunk every night from office, which John does deliberately to annoy Regina, who later applies for a transfer to Australia. One night, Regina falls due to [[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure|fits]], and John takes Regina to the hospital, where John is unable to respond to the doctor's queries about Regina's age and her medical history due to his intoxicated state. When John goes to apologise to the doctor later on, the doctor tells John that it is important to know about his wife's health, even if he dislikes his wife. John asks Regina about her health issues, and Regina reveals that she had fits twice in the past.&lt;!-- although she says she had fits twice before, she mentions only one incident --&gt;<br /> <br /> During college, Regina falls in love with Surya Muthuraman, who works in the call centre of a mobile company. Surya gets selected for airline cabin crew training in the United States (US), where Surya and Regina decide to inform their parents about their love, but Surya's father objects to their relationship, and hence they decide to get married without informing their parents. On the designated day of Surya's and Regina's marriage, Surya fails to show up at the registrar's office for the wedding. Regina's father, James, feels sorry for Regina and he takes her to Surya's house, where they learn that Surya has already left for the US. A few days later, Regina gets a call from Surya's friend Aiyappan and he tells her that Surya has committed suicide. Due to the shock of Surya's death, Regina suffers fits for the first time. 3 years later, Regina can't stand the fact that her father is in a mess due to her reluctance to marry and accepts the marriage proposal from John's family for Regina's father's sake, which leads Regina to marry John.<br /> <br /> Upon hearing this story, John begins to like Regina and has immense respect for her, but Regina continues to disrespect John, until his best friend Sarathy comes to their flat and reveals what happened in John's past.<br /> <br /> John, who roams around town with Sarathy, and goes to Keerthana's house to pick up a cheque on behalf of Sarathy’s uncle. John falls in love with Keerthana at first sight and roams around trying to find out more about her. Eventually, John finds out about Keerthana, but Keerthana rejects John's love after John assaults Keerthana's co-worker. However, it’s revealed that Keerthana loves John, but she never expressed it. John ties the knot with Keerthana a few days later. The day after their marriage, Keerthana dies in a car accident. This leaves John heartbroken, and he vows not to marry another girl again. 4 years later, Sarathy consoles and convinces John to marry again, which leads John to marry Regina.<br /> <br /> Upon hearing this story, Regina also begins to like John and she feels sorry for his loss, as John witnessed Keerthana's death where as she had only heard about Surya's death. Even though John and Regina like each other, they never reveal it to each other. On John's birthday, Regina gives a gift to John and insists that he open it alone, but John doesn’t open the gift and throws it under the bed as he thinks that Regina is only pretending to be affectionate in front of James, who later witnesses this and thinks that John was acting affectionate with Regina in front of everyone. James tells Regina about John privately, but Regina remains confused as she genuinely has feelings for John, but thought John had feelings for her. Regina's request for the transfer to Australia is approved, and she tells him whilst he has a beer on the terrace. However, John tells her to go ahead with her plans, as he thought the beer was a bribe to agree to a divorce. Regina wanted to express her love for him on the terrace, and leaves heartbroken to the [[Chennai International Airport|airport]] the next morning with John.<br /> <br /> After dropping Regina off at the airport, John gets a call from Regina, who tells him that she saw Surya at the immigration counter. John rushes to the airport to meet Surya and tries to get Surya to accept Regina. Surya tells John that he was forced to leave by his father and that he faked his death so that Regina would get over him. Surya lies to John, saying that he is now happily married, and Surya tells John that a man cannot always marry the girl he loves, but a man can always love the girl he marries. As John leaves, Surya glances at the ring in his hand, which was gifted to him by Regina, showing that he will always live with the memories of their relationship and he will never marry another girl.<br /> <br /> An angry Regina slaps him and admits that she never wanted to get back with Surya, since she loves John. Regina throws the gift that John never opened. When John opens the gift, he finds the words &quot;Let's begin our life,&quot; and John confesses his love to Regina, and Regina says, &quot;Brother, I already have a boyfriend,&quot; alluding to what Keerthana called John during their relationship, meaning that Regina knows about John's past. John and Regina realise their love for each other, and they reunite and begin their lives together.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as John<br /> * [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] as Surya Muthuraman<br /> * [[Nayanthara]] as Regina<br /> * [[Nazriya Nazim]] as Keerthana<br /> * [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Sarathy<br /> * [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Aiyappan<br /> * [[Sathyaraj]] as James, Regina's father<br /> * [[Manobala]] as Ramamoorthy, Surya's boss<br /> * [[Singamuthu]] as Vettukili<br /> * [[Rajendran]] as Henry, John's boss<br /> * [[Dhanya Balakrishna|Dhanya]] as Nivitha<br /> * [[Meesha Ghoshal]] as Madhu<br /> * [[Arunraja Kamaraj|Arunraja]] as Udumbe<br /> * Wong as John's friend<br /> &lt;!-- end credits --&gt;<br /> * [[Swaminathan]] as Venkadathri, the flat secretary<br /> * [[R. S. G. Chelladurai|Chelladurai]] as a marriage registration official<br /> * Pandian as Surya's father<br /> * [[Jangiri Madhumitha]] as Regina's college mate<br /> * Prema Priya as Udumbe's girlfriend<br /> * [[T. M. Karthik]] as Booshan, Keerthana's boss<br /> * [[Sai Dheena]] as a bully in a cameo appearance<br /> * K. Bujji Babu as Narayanan, Keerthana's uncle<br /> * [[Pradeep Kottayam]] as Nivitha's father (uncredited)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K S |first=Aravind |date=23 March 2016 |title=Theri has Kerala links: Atlee |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/230316/theri-has-kerala-links-atlee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206082436/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/230316/theri-has-kerala-links-atlee.html |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Gana Bala]] in a cameo appearance in the song &quot;Hey Baby&quot; (uncredited)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> &lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20260215120901/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/emotional-echoes/article5055678.ece --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20260215121604/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Aug/29/atlee-makes-his-directorial-debut-511449.html --&gt;<br /> ''Raja Rani'' marked the feature directorial debut of [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], an assistant director to [[S. Shankar|Shankar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=15 March 2014 |title=Atlee displays his chops |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/atlee-displays-his-chops/article5788431.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119025905/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/atlee-displays-his-chops/article5788431.ece |archive-date=19 January 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced by [[A. R. Murugadoss]], has art direction by [[T. Muthuraj]] and cinematography by debutant [[George C. Williams (cinematographer)|George C. Williams]], a former associate of [[Nirav Shah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 October 2012 |title=Arya-Nayan-Jai's 'Raja Rani' starts rolling! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/arya-nayan-jai-s-raja-rani-starts-rolling-news-tamil-mksoxvciehj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022185002/http://www.sify.com/movies/arya-nayan-jai-s-raja-rani-starts-rolling-news-tamil-mksoxvciehj.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting and filming ===<br /> [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and [[Nayanthara]] were signed on as the lead pair, reuniting after ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2012 |title=Nayanthara and Arya to romance again! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Nayanthara-and-Arya-to-romance-again/articleshow/14430315.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215615/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/news-interviews/32440344_1_arya-controversial-love-prabhu-deva |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=29 September 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlee initially wanted [[Sivakarthikeyan]] to portray the role that eventually went [[Jai (actor)|Jai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 September 2013 |title=Cold War Between Santhanam &amp; Siva Karthikeyan ! |url=https://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.com/2013/09/cold-war-between-santhanam-siva.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123023016/https://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.com/2013/09/cold-war-between-santhanam-siva.html |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=14 July 2025 |website=[[SS Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kathick |date=17 May 2021 |title=ராஜா ராணி படத்தில் முதன் முதலில் ஹீரோவாக நடிக்கவிருந்தது இவர் தானாம் - யாருனு தெரிஞ்சா ஷாக் ஆகிடுவீங்க |trans-title=This is the first person to play the hero in the film ''Raja Rani'' - you'll be shocked to know who it is |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/sivakarthikeyan-is-first-choice-for-raja-rani-1621226125 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217052807/https://cineulagam.com/article/sivakarthikeyan-is-first-choice-for-raja-rani-1621226125 |archive-date=17 February 2026 |access-date=15 February 2026 |website=Cineulagam |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] said he was considered for Arya's role, but he did not have the dates.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDA23Nv8PNs |title=Hero Nani Sad Words About Missing Raja Rani Movie Offer &amp;#124; Filmy Monk |date=21 September 2019 |publisher=Filmy Monk |access-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218085309/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDA23Nv8PNs |archive-date=18 February 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nazriya Nazim]] announced her inclusion in May 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 May 2013 |title=Nazriya Nazim to romance Arya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nazriya-nazim-to-romance-arya/articleshow/20068212.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260212025835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nazriya-nazim-to-romance-arya/articleshow/20068212.cms |archive-date=12 February 2026 |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sathyaraj]] said he accepted to act in the film because he liked the modernity of the script.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 September 2013 |title=Arya-Nayanthara love story revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arya-nayanthara-love-story-revealed/articleshow/22860865.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/BEyCa |archive-date=31 March 2026 |access-date=15 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first filming schedule began in October 2012 at a [[bungalow]] in Greams Road, [[Chennai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[Kamal Haasan]] switched on the camera and a song picturising Jai and Nayanthara was canned on the occasion. Arya was not present for the schedule as he was filming for ''[[Settai (film)|Settai]]'' (2013) in [[Mumbai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 October 2012 |title=Raja Rani shoot begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Raja-Rani-shoot-begins/articleshow/16863745.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423025750/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-18/news-interviews/34554124_1_nayanthara-jai-settai |archive-date=23 April 2013 |access-date=18 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming also took place in [[East Coast Road]], in a [[Kerala]]-themed house.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 October 2012 |title=Nayanthara, Jai shoot together! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Nayanthara-Jai-shoot-together/articleshow/16878750.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001050507/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-20/news-interviews/34586110_1_settai-jai-sathyan |archive-date=1 October 2013 |access-date=20 October 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The scene depicting the marriage of Arya and Nayanthara's characters was shot at [[St. Mary's Church, Pune|St Mary's Church]] in [[Pune]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Muthanna |first=Anjali |date=18 April 2013 |title=Arya &amp; Nayan 'tie the knot' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/arya-nayan-tie-the-knot/articleshow/19614157.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260212050457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/arya-nayan-tie-the-knot/articleshow/19614157.cms |archive-date=12 February 2026 |access-date=12 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was the only part shot outside Chennai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in August 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 August 2013 |title=Raja Rani wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raja-rani-wrapped-up/articleshow/21914786.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260128021631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raja-rani-wrapped-up/articleshow/21914786.cms |archive-date=28 January 2026 |access-date=28 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Themes and influences ==<br /> Critics have noted that the film draws similarities and inspirations from Tamil films like ''[[Nenjathai Killathe]]'' (1980),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=29 September 2013 |title=&quot;Raja Rani&quot;... The Ex Files |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2013/09/29/raja-rani-the-ex-files/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115020352/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2013/09/29/raja-rani-the-ex-files/ |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=Baradwaj Rangan}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Mouna Ragam]]'' (1986)&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=4 October 2013 |title=Review: 'Raja Rani' |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131004/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/review-raja-rani?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006130657/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131004/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/review-raja-rani?page=2 |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=6 October 2013 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Kannada film ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]'' (2007).&lt;ref name=&quot;'Raja Rani' remake of 'Milana'&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2013 |title='Raja Rani' remake of 'Milana' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2013/oct/03/raja-rani-remake-of-milana-522796.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108072842/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2013/oct/03/Raja-Rani-remake-of-Milana-522796.html |archive-date=8 January 2022 |access-date=30 November 2021 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sify&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 September 2013 |title=Raja Rani |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/raja-rani-review-tamil-pcmbbzfhhhfii.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830202014/http://www.sify.com/movies/raja-rani-review-tamil-pcmbbzfhhhfii.html |archive-date=30 August 2017 |access-date=11 February 2026 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Raja Rani<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = <br /> | released = 23 August 2013<br /> | recorded =2013<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature Film Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 26:50<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Think Music]]<br /> | producer = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Thalaivaa]]<br /> | prev_year = 2013<br /> | next_title = [[JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai]]<br /> | next_year = 2013<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The soundtrack album for ''Raja Rani'' was composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Raja Rani (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/raja-rani-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/911459020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260212025038/https://music.apple.com/us/album/raja-rani-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/911459020 |archive-date=12 February 2026 |access-date=12 February 2026 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=RAJA RANI&amp;nbsp;– G.V. Prakash Kumar Tamil Audio Cd |url=https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/raja-rani-g-v-prakash-kumar-tamil-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215200002/https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/raja-rani-g-v-prakash-kumar-tamil-audio-cd/ |archive-date=15 December 2025 |access-date=12 February 2026 |work=Audio CDs World |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A single &quot;Hey Baby&quot; was released on 19 August 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 August 2013 |title=Arya, Nayan marriage made in heaven? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Arya-Nayan-marriage-made-in-heaven/articleshow/21931748.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823125655/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-20/news-interviews/41428323_1_raja-rani-married-couple-raja-arya |archive-date=23 August 2013 |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The complete album was released on 23 August 2013 at [[Sathyam Cinemas]], Chennai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Raja Rani audio launched |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/raja-rani-audio-launched-news-tamil-nixoLMacfah.html?ref=slideout |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824213228/http://www.sify.com/movies/raja-rani-audio-launched-news-tamil-nixoLMacfah.html?ref=slideout |archive-date=24 August 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 26:50<br /> | title1 = Hey Baby<br /> | extra1 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Gana Bala]], Aishwarya<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]], [[Gana Bala]]<br /> | length1 = 05:06<br /> | title2 = Angnyaade<br /> | extra2 = [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> | length2 = 03:37<br /> | title3 = Chillena<br /> | extra3 = [[Clinton Cerejo]], [[Alphons Joseph]], [[Alka Ajith]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Na. Muthukumar<br /> | length3 = 05:12<br /> | title4 = Unnale<br /> | extra4 = [[Vandana Srinivasan]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Na. Muthukumar<br /> | length4 = 01:41<br /> | title5 = Oday Oday<br /> | extra5 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Pa. Vijay<br /> | length5 = 04:32<br /> | title6 = Imaye Imaye<br /> | extra6 = G. V. Prakash Kumar, Shakthisree Gopalan<br /> | lyrics6 = Pa. Vijay<br /> | length6 = 03:26<br /> | title7 = A Love For Life<br /> | extra7 = G. V. Prakash Kumar, Navin Iyer, Chennai Symphony<br /> | lyrics7 = &amp;nbsp;—<br /> | length7 = 03:17<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Marketing and release ==<br /> A first official film teaser showing the lead pair quarrelling through their projections in a mirror, was released on 11 May 2013 by Fox Star Studios.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-m4q-yKTKk |title=Raja Rani Teaser featuring Arya and Nayanthara [Official] [HD] |date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Fox Star Studios]] |access-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061107/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-m4q-yKTKk&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The teaser went instantly viral garnering a large number of views.&lt;ref name=&quot;raja_rani_teaser_views&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Shiva |date=15 May 2013 |title=Raja Rani teaser crosses 5.50 lakh views! |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-15/news-interviews/39281101_1_teaser-raja-rani-nayanthara |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010717/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-15/news-interviews/39281101_1_teaser-raja-rani-nayanthara |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The official trailer was released along with the music album on 23 August 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 August 2013 |title='Raja Rani' trailer released |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Raja-Rani-trailer-released/articleshow/21998528.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823235543/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Raja-Rani-trailer-released/articleshow/21998528.cms |archive-date=23 August 2013 |access-date=23 August 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on 27 September 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It was distributed by [[Fox Star Studios]], the third of a three film deal with Murugadoss.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 July 2013 |title=Murugadoss to direct his next in Hindi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Jul/04/murugadoss-to-direct-his-next-in-hindi-493410.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215073636/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Jul/04/murugadoss-to-direct-his-next-in-hindi-493410.html |archive-date=15 February 2026 |access-date=15 February 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical response ===<br /> S Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 and stated, &quot;Debutant director Atlee's ''Raja Rani'' is a simple refreshing tale about how to cope with life, when we lose someone we love. The film has a lot going for it and definitely succeeds in entertaining the audience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=27 September 2013 |title=Review: Tamil film Raja Rani is refreshing |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-tamil-film-raja-rani-is-refreshing/20130927.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004043317/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-tamil-film-raja-rani-is-refreshing/20130927.htm |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; M Suganth from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and wrote &quot;The film does leave you exhausted by the time it ends. Still, it remains always watchable, mainly because the director, like his mentor Shankar, embraces his old school storytelling methods with conviction&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=30 September 2013 |title=Raja Rani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/raja-rani/movie-review/23286719.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016180838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/raja-rani/movie-review/23286719.cms |archive-date=16 October 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sudhish Kamath]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' cited &quot;Atlee's promising debut ''Raja Rani'' merits a watch in spite of its fundamentally flawed structure&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=28 September 2013 |title=Raja Rani: Boy, Girl, Her Ex and His |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/raja-rani-boy-girl-her-ex-and-his/article5179239.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329054408/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/raja-rani-boy-girl-her-ex-and-his/article5179239.ece |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=3 October 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In contrast, Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated it 2 stars and said, &quot;At a little over 150 minutes, ''Raja Rani'' is a bumpy ride with potholes of songs, with characters who are nothing better than caricatures and with a romance that hardly engages&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=28 September 2013 |title=Gautaman Bhaskaran's review: Raja Rani |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/Gautaman-Bhaskaran-s-review-Raja-Rani/Article1-1128273.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008081551/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/Gautaman-Bhaskaran-s-review-Raja-Rani/Article1-1128273.aspx |archive-date=8 October 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' too gave an unfavourable review stating, &quot;Debutant director Atlee's highly hyped ''Raja Rani'' starts off promisingly and keeps us engaged in the first half. But post-interval it loses steam, and turns out to be a cheesy, emotionally manipulative drama with a predictable long drawn out climax that goes on and on for 35 minutes&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sify&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> &lt;!-- https://x.com/search?q=from%3Ataran_adarsh%20RajaRani&amp;src=typed_query&amp;f=live --&gt;<br /> ''Raja Rani'' earned approximately {{INRConvert|4|c|year=2013}} worldwide on its first day, with {{INRConvert|3.50|c|year=2013}} from Tamil Nadu alone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=384275819498975233 |user=taran_adarsh |title=#RajaRani [Tamil] Sat biz: Tamil Nadu - ₹ 3.50 cr, Kerala - ₹ 20 lacs, Karnataka - ₹ 30 lacs. Total: ₹ 4 cr. Word of mouth is strong! |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |access-date=15 February 2026 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260215071616/https://x.com/taran_adarsh/status/384275819498975233 |archive-date=15 February 2026 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was number one at the Chennai box office during its opening weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 October 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office&amp;nbsp;— Sep 27 to 29 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15039849&amp;cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130121723/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15039849&amp;cid=13525926 |archive-date=30 January 2014 |access-date=15 February 2026 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film eventually emerged a huge success after earning over {{INRConvert|50|c|year=2013}} worldwide as of mid-November.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=400567030811611139 |user=taran_adarsh |title=Update: Fox Star Studios' Tamil film #RajaRani to complete 50 days on Friday. Amassed more than ₹ 50 cr Worldwide and still running strong. |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |access-date=15 February 2026 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260215071750/https://x.com/taran_adarsh/status/400567030811611139 |archive-date=15 February 2026 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Ceremony<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Nominee<br /> ! Result<br /> !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=4|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> |[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615081711/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> |[[Nayanthara]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]]<br /> |[[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]<br /> |[[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]<br /> | Best Actress<br /> | [[Nayanthara]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Edison Awards 2014 |url=https://edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224010812/https://edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=23 |archive-date=24 February 2026 |access-date=24 February 2026 |website=[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Debut Director<br /> | [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Background Score<br /> |[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;15&quot;|[[8th Vijay Awards]]<br /> | Favourite Heroine<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Nayanthara]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |title=Vijay Awards 07/27/14 |date=27 July 2014 |last=Vijay Television |author-link=Star Vijay |time=2:33:40 |access-date=12 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131061916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actress<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Debut Director<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Story, Screenplay Writer<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Dialogue<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Favourite Song<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{plainlist|<br /> * &quot;Hey Baby&quot;<br /> *[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Music Director<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Background Score<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Best Supporting Actor<br /> | [[Sathyaraj]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Favourite Film<br /> |{{plainlist|<br /> * [[Fox Star Studios]]<br /> * AR Murugadoss Productions}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Cinematographer<br /> | [[George C. Williams (cinematographer)|George C. Williams]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Editor<br /> | Anthony L. Ruben<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Art Director<br /> | T. Muthuraj<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Make Up<br /> | {{plainlist|<br /> *Albert Chettiyar<br /> *Avinash<br /> *Bujji Babu<br /> *Ramachandran<br /> *Ramu<br /> *Shanmugam}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Costume Designer<br /> |{{plainlist|<br /> * Chaitanya Rao<br /> *Deepali Noor<br /> *Kaviza Raebhela<br /> *Sathya}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[61st Filmfare Awards South]]<br /> |Best Actress<br /> | [[Nayanthara]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2014 |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) Nomination list |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161200/http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=12 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2014 |title=Winners of 61st Idea Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161743/http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=12 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor<br /> | [[Jai (actor)|Jai]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor<br /> | [[Sathyaraj]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actress<br /> | [[Nazriya Nazim]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br /> |SIIMA Awards for Best Tamil Actress<br /> | [[Nayanthara]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominees |url=http://siima.in/nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165951/http://siima.in/nominations |archive-date=9 September 2014 |access-date=24 February 2026 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor Supporting Role Male<br /> | [[Jai (actor)|Jai]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Music Director<br /> | [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Debut Director<br /> | Atlee<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Film<br /> |{{plainlist|<br /> * [[Fox Star Studios]]<br /> * AR Murugadoss Productions}}<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Remakes ==<br /> ''Raja Rani'' was remade in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Shudhu Tomari Jonyo]]'' (2015),&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Biswas |first=Jaya |date=18 October 2015 |title=Shudhu Tomari Jonyo Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/shudhu-tomari-jonyo/movie-review/49439485.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314003128/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Shudhu-Tomari-Jonyo/movie-review/49439485.cms |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=29 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] as ''[[Sihinayaki Adare]]'' (2024).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2023 |title=ළඟ ළඟම එන 'සිහිනයකි ආදරේ' - ප්‍රධාන චරිත හේමාල් සහ පූජා |trans-title=The upcoming ''Sihinayaki Adare''&amp;nbsp;– starring Hemal and Pooja |url=https://cinema.lk/%e0%b7%85%e0%b6%9f-%e0%b7%85%e0%b6%9f%e0%b6%b8-%e0%b6%91%e0%b6%b1-%e0%b7%83%e0%b7%92%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%92%e0%b6%b1%e0%b6%ba%e0%b6%9a%e0%b7%92-%e0%b6%86%e0%b6%af%e0%b6%bb%e0%b7%9a-%e0%b6%b4%e0%b7%8a/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929005331/http://cinema.lk/%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%9F-%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%9F%E0%B6%B8-%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A/ |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=20 February 2024 |website=Cinema.lk |language=Sinhala}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == In other media ==<br /> The scene where John (Arya) marries Regina (Nayanthara) was spoofed in the director's own ''[[Bigil]]'' (2019). In that film, Angel (Nayanthara) refuses to marry John ([[Vijay Vishwa|Abi Saravanan]]) and instead falls for Michael ([[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |title=Bigil |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[AGS Entertainment]] |year=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{time needed|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{AR Murugadoss}}<br /> {{Atlee (director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 romantic comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Atlee (director)]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in airports]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy-drama films]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Ramakrishna_Vidyashala&diff=537080 2026-03-29T18:14:14Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new a entry - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Original research|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = subramanya.c.shetty<br /> | native_name = subramanya.c.shtty<br /> | image = Emblem-Ramakrishna-Mission-Transparent.png<br /> | state = Karnataka<br /> | postal_code =<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12.327003|N|76.636833|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br /> | established = &lt;!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --&gt;<br /> | opened = <br /> | closed = <br /> | motto = ''[[Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha]]''&lt;br /&gt;(''आत्मनो मोक्षार्थं जगद्धिताय च'')&lt;br /&gt;(''For one’s own salvation and for the welfare of the world'')<br /> | motto_translation = <br /> | religious_affiliation = Hindu<br /> | denomination = Ramakrishna Mission<br /> | patron = <br /> | type = <br /> | superintendent = Swami Yukteshanandaji Maharaj<br /> | principal = T.K. Chandrasekhar<br /> | viceprincipal = <br /> | enrollment = <br /> | faculty = <br /> | grades = &lt;!-- use | grades_label = to override the default label --&gt;<br /> | years = <br /> | years_taught = &lt;!-- use | nursery_years_taught =, | primary_years_taught =, | secondary_years_taught = for additional information --&gt;<br /> | age_range = &lt;!-- or | lower_age = and | upper_age = --&gt;<br /> | lower_age = &lt;!-- or | age_range = --&gt;<br /> | upper_age = &lt;!-- or | age_range = --&gt;<br /> | enrolment = &lt;!-- or | enrollment = --&gt;<br /> | enrolment_as_of = &lt;!-- or | enrollment_as_of = --&gt;<br /> | campus_type = <br /> | campus_size = 69 Acres<br /> | newspaper = <br /> | colors = <br /> | communities = <br /> | feeder_schools = <br /> | website = {{URL|www.srkvs.org|srkvs.org}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala, Mysore (02).jpg |thumb|Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala school, Mysore]]<br /> '''Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala''' is a residential school for boys run by the [[Ramakrishna Mission]]. It is situated in the southern Indian city of [[Mysore]] in [[Karnataka]]. It offers a comprehensive education from high school to junior college, or grades eight through twelve.<br /> <br /> Vidyashala is one of nine centers of the Ramakrishna Mission&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.belurmath.org/home.htm |title=BELUR MATH : The Headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, India&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=15 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205144450/http://www.belurmath.org/home.htm |archive-date=5 December 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; in the state of [[Karnataka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Ramakrishna Mutt cautions against namesake ashrams |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/26/stories/2005072610710300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001001424/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/26/stories/2005072610710300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 July 2005 |accessdate=2007-04-27 |location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Two others are located in Mysore: Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;[http://www.srkmys.org/homepage.html Welcome to Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717191529/http://www.srkmys.org/homepage.html |date=17 July 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rimse.org/ Welcome to RIMSE&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early history==<br /> Vidyashala was founded in 1953 by [[Swami Shambhavananda]], a monk of the [[Ramakrishna Math]]&lt;ref name=autogenerated2 /&gt; who was born in [[Kodagu]]. The swami was one of the early presidents of Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, [[Mysore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt; He was an educational pioneer in southern Karnataka who sought to offer younger students a &quot;man-making education&quot;, which [[Swami Vivekananda]] had described as a &quot;total development of man which includes the physical, mental and spiritual.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sriramakrishnamath.org/magazine/vk/2001/9-3-3.asp |title=Sri Ramakrishna Math Chennai |access-date=2007-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711111040/http://www.sriramakrishnamath.org/magazine/vk/2001/9-3-3.asp |archive-date=11 July 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Ramakrishna Institute, Mysore.jpg|thumb|Ramakrishna Institute, Mysore]]<br /> Before it moved to its current location, Vidyashala began as a small hostel for students of various age groups called Ramakrishna Students Home.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=History of Vidyashala|url=http://srkvidyashala.tripod.com/HistoryVid.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; The students home was built in 1932; some of its residents, such as the critically acclaimed writers [[K.V. Puttappa]], [[Javare Gowda]] and [[S.M. Krishna]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramakrishna Home moulded my personality: Krishna&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ramakrishna Home moulded my personality: Krishna<br /> |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/10/stories/2004011007010400.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141228153309/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/10/stories/2004011007010400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2014 |date=10 January 2004 |accessdate=2015-10-27<br /> |work=[[The Hindu]]<br /> |location=Gandhinagar, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; the former [[Minister of External Affairs (India)]], went on to become prominent members of society. When Swami Shambhavananda felt a need to expand the student's home, he procured a redesign from Sri B.B. Mhatre, the renowned architect of Bombay. Swami Shambhavananda faced the daunting challenge of collecting funds to build the new hostel. In search of funding, he toured various parts of Karnataka, but he also went to Bombay, where he met with several prospective contributors. Help also came from the Union government and the governments of Coorg and Mysore. One of the many legends of the swami's fund-collection drive is that he walked around Mysore's Yadavagiri area seeking ''[[bhiksha]]'' on behalf of the new hostel.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} After gathering the funds and then acquiring land from the Maharaja of Mysore, Swami Shambhavananda physically led the building construction even in an advanced age. The new hostel was inaugurated 2 October 1950 by [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]], the first and only Indian Governor-general of India. His highness [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]], the then Maharaja of Mysore, presided over the inaugural function.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}<br /> <br /> After the new hostel was inaugurated, Swami Shambhavananda, in order to address the students, who had to travel to other schools for their education, conceived a plan to convert the hostel into a residential school. After making some modifications to the building, the new school was inaugurated in 1953. In 1957, the 33.3-meter open-air [[swimming pool]], one of the earliest modern swimming pools in Mysore, was inaugurated by India's first [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nostalgic moments&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nostalgic moments |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/15/stories/2006111506100200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001061535/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/15/stories/2006111506100200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 November 2006 |accessdate=2007-04-27 |location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Leadership==<br /> Vidyashala is administered by a Ramakrishna Math monk, or [[Swami]], designated as &quot;Correspondent&quot;. Swami Yukteshananda, an Engineering graduate in Electronics, is the current Correspondent. He had served at the Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Belgaum and Sri Ramakrishna-Sharada Ashrama, Ponnampet, Kodagu, before taking up this responsibility. Swami Muktidananda, who was one of the earlier Correspondents, is now the Adhyaksha of Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysuru and is one of the Trustees of Ramakrishna math &amp; Ramakrishna Mission. Swami Satyeshananda, an old student of the institution and a trained doctor, who'd previously served the Ramakrishna Mission Hospital in Chandigarh, briefly served as the Correspondent after Swami Muktidananda. Vidyashala's academic sections are in the charge of the Principal, T.K. Chandrasekhar, who has previously taught Mathematics to the students. S. Balaji, a former Chemistry lecturer (now retired), had previously served as the Principal for 25 years before handing over the charge to T.K. Chandrasekhar.<br /> <br /> The former administrator, Swami Muktidananda took charge as correspondent in 1997. A trained botanist, Muktidananda established in 1998 &quot;Nisarga Niketana,&quot; a thatched classroom resembling a traditional [[gurukula]]. He initiated a restoration of Vidyashala's aging main building, re-tiled the swimming pool, made several aesthetic additions to the campus, commissioned a new audiovisual theater, and led enhancements for Vidyashala's golden jubilee in 2003. In 2007, Muktidananda's compilations of Swami Achalananda's expositions on [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] were published by the Mysore Ashrama as the 213-page book ''The Meaning and Significance of Worship''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://suribooks.blogspot.com/2008/02/book-review-meaning-and-significance-of.html Book Review from Vedanta Kesari]&lt;/ref&gt; He was instrumental in conceptualising, designing and constructing a &quot;Knowledge Park&quot; at Vidyashala, aimed at developing scientific temper amongst students. He also spearheaded the putting up of a mural on the frontage of Vidyashala, depicting different faces of India, be it Cultural, Social, Religious or Scientific.<br /> <br /> [[File:Ramakrishna Ashram3.jpg|thumb|Gates of Knowledge Park, Ramakrishna Vidyashala, Yadavagiri, Mysore]]<br /> <br /> Much of Vidyashala's reputation is attributed to the leadership of Swami Sureshananda (&quot;Hari Maharaj&quot;), correspondent for nearly two decades until 1990 when he succeeded Swami Somanathananda as president of Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore.&lt;ref name=autogenerated1 /&gt; In that position, Sureshananda built a public auditorium, renovated the Ashrama building, and construct two floors of quarters for monks. In the late 1990s, Sureshananda moved into spiritual practice in [[Biligiriranga Hills]].<br /> <br /> Sureshananda helped Vidyashala's campus optimize productivity, increase its biodiversity and move toward self-sustainability. He planted and tended to [[coconut]], [[arabica coffee]], [[sapota]], [[silver oak]] and elephant grass (''Saccharum ravennae''). Sureshananda never traveled out of Mysore without bringing back [[flora]] for Vidyashala. Sureshananda established a [[biogas]] facility attached to the dairy, an electric laundry, and biological, physical and chemical student-laboratories.&lt;ref&gt;[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1072340493630934292 Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala: An Overview, 11-minute video]&lt;/ref&gt; Sureshananda took a special interest in Vidyashala's band troop. He was involved in Vidyashala's management even while his successor, the popular Swami Paratmananda (&quot;Gangadhar Maharaj&quot;), served as correspondent from 1990 until 1997.<br /> <br /> On 15 April 2008, a 79-year-old Sureshananda had surgery for lower back pain at [[Lilavati Hospital]], Mumbai. In early December 2009, Sureshananda was treated for a fracture in the upper right femur, at Basappa Memorial Hospital in Mysuru. The much-loved Swami Sureshananda died on 8 March 2019, on the sacred day of Ramakrishna Jayanti.&lt;ref&gt;[https://swami-myhomage.blogspot.com/2019/03/passing-away-of-swami-suresananda-ji.html Passing away of Swami Sureshananda Ji]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Examination performance==<br /> In 2016, Vidyashala boy Ravish S B became the state topper in the Science Stream in the PUC Examination, after revaluation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url= http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/88199-after-revaluation-ravish-emerges-ii-pu-science-topper-vaishnavi-second-topper | location= Mysore, India | work= coastaldigest.com | title= After Revaluation, Ravish emerges II PU Science topper, Vaishnavi second topper | date= 17 June 2016 | access-date= 28 March 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170329142605/http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/88199-after-revaluation-ravish-emerges-ii-pu-science-topper-vaishnavi-second-topper | archive-date= 29 March 2017 | url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2010, of the 56 students that appeared for the pre-university course ([[Pre University Course|PUC]]) examination, &quot;31 scored distinctions, 24 first class and one student passed in second class. Swami Muktidananda, the then Correspondent of Vidyashala, said the aggregate average marks of the entire class was 83.50 per cent ... Aditya R. Shenoy topped the merit list, scoring 572 out of 600 marks. In addition, 10 students scored 100 marks in different subjects.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/08/stories/2010050860380300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526212336/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/08/stories/2010050860380300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 May 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Mysore stands twelfth in State | date=8 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of the 98 students that appeared in the Secondary School Leaving Certificate ([[SSLC]]) examination, &quot;62 passed with distinction and the rest with first class. K.C. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/article423988.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Mysore's slide in SSLC results continues | date=7 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the previous year 2009, of the 96 students that had appeared for the Secondary School Leaving Certificate ([[SSLC]]) examination, 63 secured distinction and 32 passed in first class.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2009/05/03/stories/2009050357280300.htm |title=The Hindu : Home Page News &amp; Features |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021011222/http://www.thehindu.com/2009/05/03/stories/2009050357280300.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biodiversity, playgrounds, pool==<br /> The verdant {{convert|69|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus is flanked on the west by a T-shaped four-storey building whose terrace offers a panoramic view. The 33.3-meter open-air [[swimming pool]], one of Mysore's oldest and finest, was inaugurated in 1957 by India's first [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nostalgic moments&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> There are 22 playgrounds for sports such as football, hockey, basketball, volleyball, throwball, kho-kho, and a cricket pitch, the cricket pitch having been inaugurated by [[Anil Kumble]] on the occasion of the inauguration of the 56th Annual Athletic Meet at the Vidyashala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=105958570 Anil Kumble inaugurates the cricket pitch at Vidyashala]&lt;/ref&gt; A couple of small cottages, called ''kutiras'', by a scenic pond in the campus, are used for meditation by visiting [[Ramakrishna Math]] monks. There is an automated laundry and a mechanized dairy housing 50 cows.<br /> <br /> [[File:Garden of Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education, Mysore, India.JPG|thumb|Garden of RIMSE]]<br /> [[File:Rimse sv far.JPG|thumb|Gopuram at RIMSE]]<br /> <br /> The campus hosts about a thousand species of [[flora]] including rarities such as a [[North American Giant Redwood]] and a Thai tree that blossoms every twelfth year, as well as plantations of [[sapota]], [[arabica coffee]], elephant grass (''Saccharum ravennae''), [[coconut]], and [[silver oak]]. The campus is a sanctuary for nearly four hundred species of birds, including migrants such as the [[cormorant]]. An index of the campus [[fauna]] is available on signs to the left at the gates.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/05/stories/2006090507720400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001050343/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/05/stories/2006090507720400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 October 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=A 'forest' in the heart of Mysore city | date=5 September 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the southeastern corner of Vidyashala's campus is located the Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rimse.org/ Welcome to RIMSE]&lt;/ref&gt; popularly called &quot;[[Vedanta]] College,&quot; which offers a Bachelor of Education program and whose prayer hall is topped by a distinctive [[Pallava]]-style [[gopuram]] visible from about five kilometers around.<br /> <br /> Vidyashala hosts an award-winning company of the Thirteen Karnataka Battalion of the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (Army wing).<br /> <br /> ==Swami Vivekananda's statue==<br /> [[File:Vivekenanda statue, Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala, Mysore.jpg|thumb|Caen stone statue of Swami Vivekananda in meditation pose]]<br /> A statue of [[Swami Vivekananda]] in a meditation pose, at the entrance of Vidyashala, is sculpted by an artist from [[Burma]], U. Han Tin. It is made of [[Caen stone]] from England. The statue was earlier located at the Ramakrishna Mission Hospital in [[Rangoon]] ([[Yangon]]) in [[Burma]] ([[Myanmar]]). During the 1962 military coup in Burma, the large hospital run by the Mission was taken over by the [[military junta]]; the junta allowed the Mission to relocate the statue.<br /> <br /> In 1965, the statue was transported from Burma to [[Mysore]]. It was unveiled at its current location in 1978 by [[Lal Krishna Advani]], the then Indian Union minister of information and broadcasting, during Vidyashala's silver jubilee celebration.<br /> <br /> The statue is housed in a granite [[mandapa]] designed in the style of the [[Bhagavad Gita]] chariot by Vidyashala's architect, E. Ashirvadam. It combines [[Bengali people|Bengali]] and [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] styles of architecture. [[Swami Vivekananda]]'s aphorism, &quot;Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man,&quot; is inscribed on a plaque at the statue's base.<br /> <br /> ==Dormitories, laboratories, observatory==<br /> The students live in dormitory-style facilities, each supervised by a warden, often a resident monk.<br /> <br /> The students have access to a library with nearly 15000 volumes, a 400-seat auditorium with motion picture projectors, a separate digital audiovisual theater, a computer laboratory.<br /> <br /> Vidyashala's astronomical observatory is accessible to students of other [[Mysore]] schools.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Apr172008/dheducation2008041663019.asp Star Gazing in Style at Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421041303/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Apr172008/dheducation2008041663019.asp |date=21 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; The observatory houses two reflecting telescopes, including a {{convert|14|in|mm|adj=on}} [[Celestron]] [[Schmidt-Cassegrain]].<br /> <br /> There is a biological and fine arts section, a sports stadium used as parade ground, an open-air theater, teachers' quarters, an electric bakery, ophthalmic and dental clinics, a dispensary (offering [[homeopathic]] or [[modern medicine|modern medical]] treatments), a two-floor gymnasium with weights and a wooden badminton court, and several table tennis courts.<br /> <br /> In 2003 a Golden Jubilee block, comprising classrooms, dormitories, a prayer hall, and a small amphitheater, was constructed about {{convert|200|yd}} south of the main building. The golden jubilee year also saw infrastructure improvements, including a pagoda-style waiting area for parents, an entry facade, and a digital audiovisual theater.<br /> <br /> ==Student activities==<br /> Vidyashala's students number about 400 and fall in the age group of 13–18 years. Many of those who hail from outside [[Karnataka]] are from [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Maharashtra]]. For several years, Vidyashala recruited students from India's northeastern states, particularly from [[Manipur]].<br /> <br /> The students follow a demanding regimen from the rising hour of 5.05 a.m. until they go to bed at about 10.15 p.m. A typical day is packed with physical exercise, literary activities, hobby pursuits including art and music, participation in a chosen outdoor sport, [[Vedic]] (often [[Upanishadic]]) chants and meditation, in addition to classroom work. The medium of instruction is [[English language|English]], with syllabi adopted from the state boards of secondary and pre-university education.<br /> <br /> Two days a week the students go swimming, many times a year they perform manual or social work, and two or three times a year they participate in educational excursions to towns of historical or scientific interest. They return home for about four weeks during '''Dasara'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Navrati|Dasara]]&lt;/ref&gt; and for about eight weeks during the summer. Monthly once(high school)/twice(PUC) a guardian may visit Vidyashala on a Sunday to take their ward for on an outing. PUC students are allowed to go for outing on their own.<br /> <br /> The students eat four times a day. Meals are [[lacto-vegetarian]], prepared by resident cooks, and had while sitting cross-legged ([[yoga]] style) in a dining area. Lunch and dinner are preceded by chanting selected verses from the [[Bhagavad Gita]]. Many Indian festivals, including [[Krishna Janmashtami]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Upanayanam]] or Munji, [[Shivarathri]] and [[Christmas]], are celebrated with special activities. Every Ekadashi is celebrated with a special long prayer session. The students participate in voluntary activities coordinated by an elected Student's Council comprising a president, a general secretary, a vice president and a joint secretary, in addition to about 20 other secretaries. Students Council officers are typically elected in July via [[electronic voting]].<br /> <br /> Vidyashala's students have achieved consistently excellent examination results over two decades. Class averages hover around 85 per cent. The school performed well even in 2004 and 2005 when Mysore district otherwise recorded a relatively poor performance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/09/stories/2004050906720300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040913164919/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/09/stories/2004050906720300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=13 September 2004 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Poor pass percentage in Mysore, a cause for concern | date=9 May 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Annual celebration==<br /> Vidyashala's annual day, typically celebrated in mid-December, is a showcase of its students' talents, physical, artistic and intellectual. A two-day event, it attracts parents and others from around Mysore district and outside. Vidyashala's twelve-instrument English band, whose members play English and Indian tunes, is usually a highlight, as is a torchlight parade.<br /> <br /> The annual day includes a gymnastics show as well as a stage-drama on a classical theme, and is also an occasion when the Old Boys Association conducts an alumni meeting followed by a five-course lunch whose highlight is typically the &quot;Prabhakar rasam&quot; (named after a popular cook) and the &quot;fruit salad&quot; (said to be prepared from campus-grown fruits), all served on leaf plates called patrawallis woven from dry areca leaves.<br /> <br /> Every third annual day, Vidyashala announces a recipient of the Dr. R.K. Narayanan and P. Kousalya Narayanan Memorial Gold Medal for Outstanding Character, instituted by K. Sarojini of Chennai. On 6 January 2011, the medal was awarded to Anirudh Mukund Deshpande of the 2003-06 batch and currently a medical student. Earlier, in January 2008, that medal was presented to G. Suhas of the 2000-05 batch, an academic topper and Sahara India scholar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news&amp;item=15461 |title=Star Of Mysore Online&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=15 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716131918/http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news&amp;item=15461 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suhas, a student of [[Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute]], was handed the medal by chief guest Dr. B. Soma Raju, chairman of [[CARE Hospitals]], Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> ==Praise==<br /> Educational institutions run by the Ramakrishna Mission&lt;ref name=autogenerated2 /&gt; tend toward being non-profit. They use the Mission's motto of &quot;Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha&quot; (आत्मनो मोक्षार्थम् जगद्धिताय च in the [[Devanāgarī]] script of the original [[Sanskrit]]), which translates as, &quot;For self-realization and for the universal good.&quot;<br /> <br /> [[Bharat Ratna]] [[Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam]], who visited Vidyashala on 20 January 2001, stated &quot; am indeed delighted to be in a place like Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala, which is very close to my heart. It is a place where science and spirituality work together. This type of value system is very important…&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://srkvs.org/elementor-9252/ Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam on Vidyashala]&lt;/ref&gt; [[N R Narayana Murthy]], the founder of [[Infosys]], on the energy and enthusiasm shown by the boys of Vidyashala, exclaimed &quot;magine what would be if there were 10,000 such schools in India!&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://srkvs.org/elementor-9252/ N. R. Narayana Murthy on Vidyashala]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Other eminent visitors to comment on and praise Vidyashala include [[George Fernandes]], the former Defence Minister, who noted that the institution emphasized character and personality,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/11/stories/2004011103520400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530141659/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/11/stories/2004011103520400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 May 2004 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Fernandes urges youth to fight corruption | date=11 January 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; A. Jayagovinda, director of the [[National Law School of India University]], who praised its &quot;value-based education.&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=A colourful annual day at Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/10/stories/2006011004460200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001045920/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/10/stories/2006011004460200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 January 2006 |accessdate=2007-04-27 |location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[K. Kasturirangan]] and [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[G. Madhavan Nair]], both being former Chairmen of [[ISRO]].<br /> <br /> ==Notable alumni==<br /> *[[Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa]]<br /> *[[D Javare Gowda]]<br /> *[[S M Krishna]]<br /> *[[Charan Raj (composer)]]<br /> *[[Karthik Saragur]]<br /> <br /> ==Image Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Rama Krishna Vidya Shala, Mysore.jpg|The entrance road<br /> File:Rama Krishna Vidya Shala, Yadavagiri, Mysore.jpg|The main building<br /> <br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala}}<br /> *{{official website|http://www.srkvs.org/}}<br /> <br /> {{Mysore topics |state=collapse}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Schools in Mysore]]<br /> [[Category:Boys' schools in India]]<br /> [[Category:Schools affiliated with the Ramakrishna Mission]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amar_(1954_film)&diff=461647 2026-03-29T05:44:45Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: enhance structure per standard format per sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1954 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Amar<br /> | image = Amar 1954.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Mehboob Khan]]<br /> | producer = Mehboob Khan<br /> | writer = [[Agha Jani Kashmiri]]&lt;br&gt;[[S. Ali Raza]]<br /> | story = [[S. Ali Raza]]&lt;br&gt;Mehrish&lt;br&gt;S. K. Kalla&lt;br&gt;[[B. S. Ramaiah]]<br /> | starring = [[Dilip Kumar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Madhubala]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nimmi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]<br /> | music = [[Naushad]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Faredoon A. Irani]]<br /> | editing = Shamsudin Kadri<br /> | studio = [[Mehboob Khan|Mehboob Productions]]<br /> | distributor = [[Mehboob Khan|Mehboob Productions]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|1954|09|10|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]<br /> | gross = ₹7.5 million&lt;ref name=&quot;boi54&quot; /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Amar''''' ({{Translation|&quot;Immortal&quot;}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama film|romantic drama film]] produced and directed by [[Mehboob Khan]].&lt;ref name=us&gt;{{cite web|title=Amar (1954 film)|url=http://www.upperstall.com/films/1954/amar|access-date=16 March 2025|archive-date=7 November 2011|url-status=dead|publisher=Upperstall.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107023853/http://www.upperstall.com/films/1954/amar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dealing with the controversial subject of rape, the film revolves around the titular upper-class lawyer ([[Dilip Kumar]]), his feminist fiancé, the [[social work]]er Anju Roy ([[Madhubala]]), and Sonia ([[Nimmi]]), a poor milkmaid.&lt;ref name=us/&gt;{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=112}}<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Amarnath ([[Dilip Kumar]]), a well-known lawyer, is known for his sense of justice. One day, he meets Soniya ([[Nimmi]]), a milkwoman. She is awed by him and he finds her interesting. Amar's father wants him to get married and sends him Anju's ([[Madhubala]]) photograph. Anju has graduated from a foreign university and believes in justice and aiding the poor. Both she and Amar take a liking to each other and they are soon engaged. One night, after attending a local fair, Soniya is attacked by the local ruffian Shankar ([[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]) who wants to possess her at any cost. In a bid to escape him, Soniya runs heedlessly into Amar's house as a thunderstorm begins. In the lonely house, Amar ends up raping Soniya. Amar's conscience torments him as he tries to hide his misdeed and proceed with his engagement to Anju. Anju senses something is amiss, but cannot fathom what it is. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Soniya is pregnant. She refuses to name the father of her child and is cast out by the villagers as a fallen woman. Shankar manages to figure out who the father of Soniya's child is and wants to avenge her. He ends up dying by his own hands. Amar is accused of murdering him and the truth regarding him and Soniya comes out. The villagers eventually want to lynch Soniya. Anju supports and protects her. In the end, she ensures that Amar officially marries Soniya and leaves the village once her duty is done.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Dilip Kumar]] as Advocate Amarnath&lt;ref name=us/&gt;&lt;ref name=TheHindu/&gt;<br /> * [[Madhubala]] as Anju Roy&lt;ref name=us/&gt;&lt;ref name= TheHindu/&gt;<br /> * [[Nimmi]] as Sonia&lt;ref name=us/&gt;&lt;ref name=TheHindu/&gt;<br /> * [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] as Sankat&lt;ref name=us/&gt;&lt;ref name=TheHindu/&gt;<br /> * Ulhas as Rai Saheb Mohanlal<br /> * [[Mukri]] as Advocate&lt;ref name=us/&gt;<br /> * Husn Banu<br /> * Amar <br /> * Siddiqui <br /> * [[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as The Judge<br /> * Pande<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> For the role of Anju Roy, Mehboob Khan had initially cast the actress [[Meena Kumari]]. However, due to some reasons, Kumari could not continue shooting and left the film. Following Kumari's departure, the shooting came to a halt and several actresses made unsuccessful tries to achieve the high-profile role. In late 1952, [[Raj Kapoor]] phoned Mehboob Khan requesting him to cast [[Nargis]] (whom Kapoor was dating then) in the role. However, at this time, there was a considerable amount of lobbying from Dilip Kumar's side also, to take Madhubala in the film. Finally, Khan had to refuse Kapoor and choose Madhubala on Kumar's insistence.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=29}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Amar<br /> | type = [[soundtrack]]<br /> | artist = [[Naushad]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | released = 1954<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | label = <br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Deewana (1952 film)|Deewana]]<br /> | prev_year = 1952<br /> | year = 1954<br /> | next_title = [[Shabaab (film)|Shabaab]]<br /> | next_year = 1954<br /> }}<br /> The music was composed by [[Naushad]] with lyrics by [[Shakeel Badayuni]].&lt;ref name=MySwar&gt;{{cite web|url=http://myswar.com/album/amar-1954|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 May 2014|access-date=16 March 2025|title=Amar (1954 film)|website=MySwar.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528002943/http://myswar.com/album/amar-1954}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !'''Song''' <br /> !'''Singer(s)'''<br /> !'''Music Director'''<br /> !'''Lyricist'''<br /> !'''Actor(s)'''<br /> !Raag<br /> |-<br /> |Tere Sadake Balam Na Kar Koi Gham&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |[[Lata Mangeshkar]]&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |[[Naushad]]&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |[[Shakeel Badayuni]]&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |[[Dilip Kumar]], [[Madhubala]]<br /> |[[Bhimpalasi]]<br /> |-<br /> |Insaaf Ka Mandir Hai Ye Bhagavaan Ka Ghar Hai &lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |[[Mohammed Rafi]]<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Madhubala<br /> |[[Bhairavi (Hindustani)]]<br /> |-<br /> |Na Milta Gham Tau Barbadi Ke Afsaane Kahan Jaate &lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt;<br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Nimmi<br /> |[[Yaman Kalyan]]<br /> |-<br /> |Naa Shikwa Hai Koyi Naa Koyi Gila Hai&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt; <br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Madhubala<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Jaane Vaale Se Mulaqat Na Hone Payi&lt;ref name=MySwar/&gt; <br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Madhubala<br /> |[[Yaman Kalyan]]<br /> |-<br /> |Khamosh Hai Khewanhar Mera <br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Nimmi<br /> |[[Bhairavi (Hindustani)]]<br /> |-<br /> |Umangon Ko Sakhi Pi Ki Nagariyaa Kaise Le Jaaun <br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |[[Nimmi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Uudi Uudi Chhaai Ghataa Jiyaa Laharaaye<br /> |Lata Mangeshkar<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Nimmi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Ik Bat Kahun Mere Piya Sun Le <br /> |[[Asha Bhosle]]<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Dilip Kumar, Nimmi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Radha Ke Pyare Krishina Kanhai <br /> |Asha Bhosle<br /> |Naushad<br /> |Shakeel Badayuni<br /> |Nimmi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Dance Music (Amar) <br /> |<br /> |Naushad<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ===Critical reception===<br /> ''Amar'' was released on 10 September 1954 to positive reviews.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=111—112}} [[Baburao Patel]], the editor of ''[[Filmindia]]'', called it &quot;a brilliant picture with a gripping human story superbly directed and acted with flawless perfection. A masterpiece of film craft.&quot;{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=111—112}} ''Swatantrata'' magazine was highly impressed by Khan's direction and commented that &quot;Mehboob can really be proud of this achievement.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGMPAQAAIAAJ|title=Swatantra|date=1954|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The magazine also defended Kumar's anti-hero role, quoting [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as &quot;films must amuse and at the same time educate.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Deepak Mahaan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' lauded the film for its characterization of strong female protagonists and photography of rape scenes without any nudity.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheHindu&quot;/&gt; Mahaan added: &quot;The black and white canvas lent the story a quiet dignity, appropriate to the ethical tussle between truth and desire, moral turpitude and justice.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;TheHindu&quot;/&gt; In a retrospective review, [[Khalid Mohamed|Khalid Mohammed]] noted that the protagonists were not portrayed as &quot;snow-white paragons of virtue&quot; but are instead shown with &quot;human weaknesses&quot;, which is a rarity in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=112}} <br /> <br /> Also, ''Amar'' is stated to be the most favourite film of [[Mehboob Khan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Karan Bali|date=2004-05-28|title=Mehboob Khan|url=https://upperstall.com/profile/mehboob-khan/|access-date=2025-03-16|website=Upperstall.com website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825104521/https://upperstall.com/profile/mehboob-khan/|archive-date=25 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, Rachit Gupta of [[Filmfare]] mentioned Madhubala's portrayal of Anju among her finest performances.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rachit|title=Remembering Madhubala's best roles|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/remembering-madhubalas-best-roles-32527.html|date=2019-02-14|access-date=2025-03-16|website=Filmfare.com website|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215134758/https://www.filmfare.com/features/remembering-madhubalas-best-roles-32527.html|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Actor [[Naseeruddin Shah]] called Dilip Kumar's performance in ''Amar'' as one of his favourites.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=2014-12-11|title='Dilip Kumar carried off the rustic look so effectively in Ganga Jumna'|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/dilip-kumar-carried-off-the-rustic-look-so-effectively-in-ganga-jumna/20141211.htm|access-date=2021-10-20|website=[[Rediff.com]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> Trade website [[Box Office India]] reported that ''Amar'' grossed {{INRConvert|7|m}} at the box office and was a below-average earner at box-office.&lt;ref name=&quot;boi54&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&amp;catName=MTk1NA== |archive-date=30 October 2013|title=Box Office 1954|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030025327/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&amp;catName=MTk1NA==|date=2 January 2010|access-date=16 March 2025|url-status=dead|website=Box Office India website}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaan and Karan Bali subsequently attributed the film's controversial subject matter to its poor box office earnings.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheHindu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Accolades===<br /> * [[Filmfare Best Sound]] Award for R. Kaushik.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheHindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mahaan|first=Deepak|date=2010-09-02|title=Amar (1954) (a film review)|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu newspaper|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Amar-1954/article15900265.ece|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book |last=Akbar |first=Khatija |title=Madhubala: Her Life, Her Films |publisher=UBS Publishers Distributors |year=1997 |isbn=9788174761538 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Lanba |first=Urmila |title=Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2012 |isbn=9780670085729 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Lanba |first=Urmila |title= Life and Films of Dilip Kumar, the Thespian |publisher=Vision Books |year=2002 |isbn=8170944961 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0046703|Amar}}<br /> <br /> {{Mehboob Khan}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Amar (1954 film)}}<br /> [[Category:1954 films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Mehboob Khan]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Naushad]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:1950s Urdu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 romantic drama films]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alipore_Central_Jail&diff=485556 2026-03-23T16:05:19Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Jail in Kolkata, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Prison<br /> | prison_name = Alipore Jail<br /> | former_name = Old Alipore Jail<br /> | image = Alipore Central jail.jpg<br /> | location = [[Alipore]], [[Kolkata]]<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|22.525275|N|88.339866|E}}<br /> | status = Open<br /> | classification = Maximum<br /> | capacity = 2000<br /> | opened = {{start date and age|1864}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in/history_heritage.html |title=Presidency Correctional Home |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424115746/http://wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in/history_heritage.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | closed =<br /> | managed_by =<br /> | director =<br /> |website=http://independencemuseum.in/}}<br /> [[File:The Alipore Gaol, Calcutta; Illustrated London News, 1870.jpg|thumb|The Alipore Gaol, Calcutta; in 1870]]<br /> The '''Alipore Jail''' or '''Alipore Central Jail''', also known as '''Presidency Correctional Home''', is a defunct Indian prison in [[Alipore]], [[Kolkata]], where political prisoners were kept under [[British rule]]. It also housed the [[Alipore Jail Press]]. It is no longer in operation as a jail, having been shut down on 20 February 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/end-of-an-era-as-alipore-central-jail-closes-down-119022001262_1.html|title=End of an era as Alipore Central jail closes down|work=Business Standard|location=India|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109082016/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/end-of-an-era-as-alipore-central-jail-closes-down-119022001262_1.html|archive-date=9 November 2021|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The jail site has been now developed into an independence museum in memory of the martyrs who were imprisoned and executed there.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/alipore-jail-to-house-museum-on-independence-movement/articleshow/86879626.cms|title=Alipore jail to house museum on Independence movement|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009012314/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/alipore-jail-to-house-museum-on-independence-movement/articleshow/86879626.cms|archive-date=9 October 2021|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-09-22 |title=Kolkata's historical Alipore prison turns into a Museum |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/kolkatas-historical-alipore-prison-turns-into-a-museum/article65918748.ece |access-date=2023-06-30 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable inmates==<br /> * [[Sri Aurobindo]] (May 1908 – May 1909), imprisoned after the [[Alipore bomb case]]. During his stay, he wrote a series of articles in Bengali, in the journal ''Suprabhat'', later published as ''Tales of Prison Life''. He later said, &quot;I have spoken of a year's imprisonment. It would have been more appropriate to speak of a year's living in an ashram or a hermitage. The only result of the wrath of the British Government was that I found God.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sriaurobindosociety.org.in/sriauro/aurolif1.htm#alipore|title=The Prison-Cell of Alipore|publisher=Sri Aurobindo Society|access-date=4 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130091354/http://sriaurobindosociety.org.in/sriauro/aurolif1.htm#alipore|archive-date=30 November 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Dudu Miyan]] (1857–61)<br /> * [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]<br /> * [[Hemchandra Kanungo]]<br /> * [[Kanailal Dutta]]<br /> * [[Satyendranath Bosu|Satyendra Nath Bosu]]<br /> * [[Gopinath Saha]]<br /> * [[Anantahari Mitra|Ananta Hari Mitra]]<br /> * [[Dinesh Gupta]]<br /> * [[Birendranath Sasmal]]<br /> * [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br /> * [[K. Kamaraj]] (1930)<br /> * [[Ramakrishna Biswas]]<br /> * [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]] (1930)<br /> * [[Parul Mukherjee]] (1930s)<br /> * [[Charu Mazumdar]]<br /> * [[Pramod Ranjan Choudhury]] (1926)<br /> * [[Jack Preger|Dr. Jack Preger, MBE]] (1981)<br /> * [[P. Kakkan]]<br /> * [[Charu Chandra Bose]]<br /> <br /> ==Alipore Jail Museum==<br /> The defunct Alipore Jail has been transformed into a museum, maintained by the [[West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation]] (WBHIDCO).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://independencemuseum.in/|title=Alipore Jail Museum – History and Information|access-date=4 May 2023|website=independencemuseum.in|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318214501/http://independencemuseum.in/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/kolkata/story/kolkata-alipore-jail-tunrs-into-museum-open-for-public-2003179-2022-09-22|title=Kolkata's 116-year-old Alipore jail turns into museum, open for public – Details here|date=22 September 2022|access-date=4 May 2023|first=Suryagni|last=Roy|website=India Today|location=Kolkata|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003095102/https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/kolkata/story/kolkata-alipore-jail-tunrs-into-museum-open-for-public-2003179-2022-09-22|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/features/alipore-jail-museum-where-history-is-kept-in-a-freeze-frame-1503134097.html/amp|title=Alipore Jail Museum: Where history is kept in a freeze frame|date=26 November 2022|access-date=4 May 2023|first=Debanjana|last=Banerjee|website=The Statesman|location=Kolkata|archive-date=25 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125194047/https://www.thestatesman.com/features/alipore-jail-museum-where-history-is-kept-in-a-freeze-frame-1503134097.html/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was inaugurated and opened to the public in September 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alipore Independence Museum launches an exclusive navigation app for visitors |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/alipore-independence-museum-launches-an-exclusive-navigation-app-for-visitors/cid/1906465 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Various prison cells and gallows of notable inmates have been curated for visitors to preserve the memory of those individuals who lost their lives for India to gain its independence. The museum project can broadly be categorised into ten parts: gallows, watchtowers, special cells, general cells, detention cells, jail canteen, jail hospital, hospital building exhibition, segregation ward, and an art studio.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Apart from these diverse presentations, the museum has an [[Indian National Army|INA]]-themed food court, a souvenir shop, and &quot;a light and sound show&quot; dedicated to informing the visitor about the struggles and hardships endured by the freedom fighters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Shreya |date=2022-10-31 |title=Kolkata's Century-Old Alipore Jail Is Now A Museum. It Has A Food Court, Souvenir Shop, And More |url=https://curlytales.com/kolkatas-century-old-alipore-jail-is-now-a-museum-it-has-a-food-court-souvenir-shop-and-more/ |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; There is an exclusive exhibition in the museum dedicated to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. <br /> <br /> As of February 2023, the Police Museum Kolkata has also been shifted within the premises of the Alipore Jail Museum from the Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Road location in Kolkata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-12 |title=New-look police museum opens doors in Kolkata's Alipore |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/new-look-police-museum-opens-doors-in-kolkatas-alipore/articleshow/97833084.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-29 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2023-02-11 |title=Mayor opens shifting of several artefacts to Independence Museum |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/mayor-opens-shifting-of-several-artefacts-to-independence-museum-508397 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728173024/http://www.westbengalcorrectionalservices.org/history_martyrs.html Martyrs of Indian Freedom]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Coord|22.5300|N|88.3300|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Defunct prisons in India]]<br /> [[Category:Prisons in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Alipore]]<br /> [[Category:Law enforcement in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:1910 establishments in British India]]<br /> [[Category:Prisons completed in the 1860s]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-struct-stub}}<br /> {{Prison-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rachitha_Mahalakshmi&diff=527887 2026-03-19T22:36:46Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: created new info from scratch...</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Rachitha Mahalakshmi<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = Rachitha In 2025<br /> | caption = Rachitha In 2025<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|4|24|df=y}} <br /> | birth_place = [[Bangalore, Karnataka]], India<br /> | occupation = Actress - Founder &amp; CEO of RM Creations (Movie Production Company)<br /> | years_active = 2007–present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rachitha Mahalakshmi''' is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] along with some Telugu and Kannada television and films. She is best known for her role as Jyoti in ''[[Pirivom Santhippom (TV series)|Pirivom Sandhippom]],'' but gained critical acclaim as Meenatchi in the popular Tamil series ''[[Saravanan Meenatchi season 2|Saravanan Meenatchi]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/after-7-years-saravanan-meenatchi-coming-to-an-end/articleshow/65307541.cms |title=After 7 years Saravanan Meenatchi coming to an end |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 August 2018 |archive-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118031623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/after-7-years-saravanan-meenatchi-coming-to-an-end/articleshow/65307541.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/saravanan-meenatchi-coming-end-7-years-rachita-mahalakshmi-breaks-tears/ |title=Saravanan Meenatchi coming to an end after 7 years, Rachita Mahalakshmi breaks down into tears |work=Pinkvilla |access-date=10 August 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165610/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/saravanan-meenatchi-coming-end-7-years-rachita-mahalakshmi-breaks-tears/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; She was also a contestant on the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 6|Bigg Boss Tamil – Season 6]]'' and was later evicted from the show on day 91.<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Rachitha was born in [[Bangalore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title={{!}} News in Kannada |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/photo-gallery/famous-actress-rachitha-mahalakshmi-real-life-story-270128/-270130 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Zee News Kannada |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rachitha is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and English. Rachitha made her debut in ''Mega Mandala'', which was telecasted in [[Star Suvarna Plus|Star Suvarna]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rachitha Mahalakshmi: ನಟಿ ರಚಿತಾ ಎದೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಗೂಬೆ ಟ್ಯಾಟೂ! ಅದೃಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೋ, ಅವಕಾಶಕ್ಕೋ? |url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/rachitha-mahalakshmi-puts-tatoo-in-her-chest-pvn-1251071-page-5.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=kannada.news18.com |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rachitha became popular and successful after playing the lead role of Meenatchi, in ''[[Saravanan Meenatchi]]'', which was aired in [[Star Vijay]]. Since then, she is also recognized as Meenatchi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/junior-super-stars-3-0-all-set-for-its-premiere-soon/articleshow/68306747.cms |title='Junior Super Stars 3.0' all set for its premiere soon – Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 March 2019 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411050056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/junior-super-stars-3-0-all-set-for-its-premiere-soon/articleshow/68306747.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/People-discouraged-me-a-lot-Rachitha/articleshow/48494508.cms |title=People discouraged me a lot: Rachitha |newspaper=The Times of India |date=16 August 2015 |accessdate=18 November 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119092125/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/People-discouraged-me-a-lot-Rachitha/articleshow/48494508.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=സീരിയലിൽ മൊട്ടിട്ട പ്രണയം; അർധരാത്രിയിൽ ഭർത്താവിനെതിരെ പോലീസ് പരാതിയുമായി നടി രചിത |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/photogallery/buzz/serial-actor-rachitha-mahalakshmi-against-her-husband-mm-609971-page-2.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=malayalam.news18.com |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Channel<br /> ! Language<br /> ! class= &quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2007-2009 || ''Megha Mandala'' || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | -|| [[Star Suvarna|Asianet Kannada]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kannada]] || Television Debut&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''Suryakanthi'' <br /> || [[Zee Kannada]]||<br /> |-<br /> | 2011-2012 || ''[[Pirivom Santhippom (TV series)|Pirivom Santhippom]]'' || Jyothi || [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-10-09 |title=Bigg Boss 6 Tamil: Rachitha Mahalakshmi, all you need to know about the actress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-6-tamil-rachitha-mahalakshmi-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-actress/articleshow/94740437.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013-2014 ||''[[Ilavarasi (TV series)|Ilavarasi]]'' || Maha Lakshmi IPS (Maha) || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''Masala Kudumbam''<br /> |Anjali<br /> |[[Zee Tamil]]<br /> |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''Avakashikal'' || Ganga || [[Surya TV]]|| [[Malayalam]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-04-17 |title=Rachitha Mahalakshmi adds a brand new SUV to her luxurious car collection; see pic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/rachitha-mahalakshmi-adds-a-brand-new-suv-to-her-luxurious-car-collection-see-pic/articleshow/99547829.cms |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013-2016 || ''[[Saravanan Meenatchi season 2]]'' || Thanga Meenatchi || [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013-2015 ||''[[Swathi Chinukulu (TV series)|Swathi Chinukulu]]'' || Neela || [[ETV Telugu]]<br /> |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2024-01-30 |title=Rachitha Mahalakshmi: హీరోయిన్ గా మారిన స్వాతి చినుకులు నీల.. |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/erial-actress-rachitha-mahalakshmi-extreme-movie-529665.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Mr &amp; Mrs Khiladis|Mr &amp; Mrs Khiladis Season 1]]'' || Herself / Contestant || [[Zee Tamil]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |With [[Dinesh Gopalasamy|Dinesh Gopalsamy]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | 2016—2018 || ''[[Saravanan Meenatchi season 3]] ''|| Meenakshi &amp; Vedha Valli|| [[Star Vijay]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ratda |first=Khushboo |title=Saravanan Meenatchi coming to an end after 7 years, Rachita Mahalakshmi breaks down into tears |url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/saravanan-meenatchi-coming-end-7-years-rachita-mahalakshmi-breaks-tears/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en-US |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165610/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/saravanan-meenatchi-coming-end-7-years-rachita-mahalakshmi-breaks-tears/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2016—2017 || ''Geethanjali'' || Priya || [[Star Suvarna Plus|Star Suvarna]] <br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Junior Senior (TV series)|Junior Senior]]'' || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Judge || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Zee Tamil]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-12 |title=ஜுனியர் சீனியர்: கல்லூரி மாணவர்களுக்கான புதிய நிகழ்ச்சி |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/56148/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/a-new-show-for-the-college-students-in-zee-tamil.htm |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2019 || ''[[Junior Super Star]]'' (Season 3)<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-03-07 |title='Junior Super Stars 3.0' all set for its premiere soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/junior-super-stars-3-0-all-set-for-its-premiere-soon/articleshow/68306747.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2019-2020 ||''[[Nachiyarpuram]]''|| Jyothi <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-07-08 |title=Real life couple Rachitha Mahalakshmi and Dinesh Gopalsamy pair up in Nachiyarpuram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/real-life-couple-rachitha-mahalakshmi-and-dinesh-gopalsamy-pair-up-in-nachiyarpuram/articleshow/70131440.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020<br /> |''Zee Tamil House Party''<br /> |Herself<br /> |Lockdown Programme Through Virtual Meet<br /> |-<br /> | ''Chitti Talli''|| Shakuntala || [[Star Maa]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2020-2021 || ''[[Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar (TV series)|Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar Season 2]]''|| Maha Lakshmi Mayan (Maha) || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Star Vijay]] || rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Actress Rachita Mahalakshmi leaves Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar 2 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/actress-rachita-mahalakshmi-leaves-naam-iruvar-namakku-iruvar-2-4395575.html |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''[[Start Music (TV series)|Start Music Season 2]]''<br /> |Herself / Participant<br /> |Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar Special <br /> |-<br /> | 2021—2022<br /> | ''[[Amman (2020 TV series)|Amman]] seasons 1 &amp; 2'' || Amman || [[Colors Tamil]] <br /> |Episodic Appearance&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=அம்மன் வேடத்தில் ரச்சிதா மஹாலக்ஷ்மி! இது நாம் இருவர் நமக்கு இருவர் இல்லையாம் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/rachitha-mahalakshmi-as-amman-in-colors-tamil-serial-photo-goes-viral/articleshow/81517360.cms?story=3 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[Sembaruthi]]'' || Goddess [[Bhuvaneshvari]] || [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2022<br /> |''[[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]''<br /> |Sadhana <br /> |[[Colors Tamil]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai (Colors Tamil) TV Serial Cast |url=https://www.cmriindia.org/idhu-solla-marandha-kadhai-tv-serial-cast-roles/ |access-date=2024-12-07 |language=ko-KR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''<br /> |[[Advocate|Adv.]] Jansi Rani <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Zee Tamil]]<br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sathya 2 (TV series)|Sathya Season 2]]''<br /> |Herself<br /> |Climax episode <br /> |-<br /> | 2022-2023 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 6|Bigg Boss Tamil – Season 6]]'' || Contestant || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Star Vijay]] || Evicted Day 91&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-09-23 |title=Exclusive! Ex-contestant Rachitha Mahalakshmi on Bigg Boss Tamil 6: We can never compare anyone with Kamal Haasan, but I am excited for Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/exclusive-ex-contestant-rachitha-mahalakshmi-on-bigg-boss-tamil-6-we-can-never-compare-anyone-with-kamal-haasan-but-i-am-excited-for-vijay-sethupathi/articleshow/113588968.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2023 || ''Bigg Boss Kondattam'' || Herself ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]''<br /> |Herself &amp; Participant<br /> |Final Episode<br /> |-<br /> |''Tamizha Tamizha Season 3''<br /> |Herself<br /> |[[Zee Tamil]]<br /> |Guest appearance<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''Bombaatbhojana Season 4''<br /> |Herself<br /> |[[Star Suvarna]]<br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |Guest appearance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''Gani'' || Shreya || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Kannada]] || &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=bhavaanibhat |title=ಇಳ್ಕಲ್ ಸೀರೆಲಿ ರಚಿತಾ ಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಅಂದ ನೋಡಿ ಮಾರು ಹೋದ ತಮಿಳಿಗರು! ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ ಶೋ ರೀಲ್ಸ್ ವೈರಲ್ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/cine-world/kannada-based-tamil-actress-rachita-mahalakshmi-speaks-about-beauty-of-ilkal-saree-in-zee-tamil-channel-smd34w |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Asianet Suvarna News |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Parijatha]]''|| Nandhini || &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2015||''[[Uppu Karuvadu]]'' || Uma || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-11-28 |title=Uppu Karuvadu Review: LOL...Most of the Time! - The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Uppu-Karuvadu-Review-LOL...Most-of-the-Time/2015/11/28/article3150033.ece |access-date=2024-12-07 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033103/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Uppu-Karuvadu-Review-LOL...Most-of-the-Time/2015/11/28/article3150033.ece |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''[[Ranganayaka]]''<br /> |Varalakshmi<br /> |Kannada ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2024-03-09 |title='Ranganayaka' movie review: Jaggesh-Guruprasad combination fails to create magic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ranganayaka-movie-review-jaggesh-guruprasad-combination-fails-to-create-magic/article67931413.ece |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311073911/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ranganayaka-movie-review-jaggesh-guruprasad-combination-fails-to-create-magic/article67931413.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2025<br /> |''[[Xtreme (2025 film)|Xtreme]]''<br /> | R. Shruthi<br /> |Tamil || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2024-12-31 |title=Bigg Boss Rachitha 'xtreme' movie release date announced {{!}} பிக்பாஸ் ரச்சிதா நடித்துள்ள'எக்ஸ்ட்ரீம்' படத்தின் ரிலீஸ் தேதி அறிவிப்பு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/bigg-boss-rachitha-xtreme-movie-release-date-announced-1137381 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Thalli Manasu''<br /> |Jyothi<br /> |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=123telugu |date=2024-11-03 |title=Thalli Manasu – An emotional roller-coaster journey {{!}} Latest Telugu cinema news {{!}} Movie reviews {{!}} OTT Updates, OTT |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/thalli-manasu-an-emotional-roller-coaster-journey.html |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Fire (2025 film)|Fire]]''<br /> |Meenakshi<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Tamil || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-13 |title='Fire' teaser: J Sathish Kumar's directorial debut promises an interesting thriller drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/fire-teaser-j-sathish-kumars-directorial-debut-promises-an-interesting-thriller-drama/articleshow/115257102.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Eddelu Manjunatha 2''<br /> |<br /> |Kannada <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/eddelu-manjunatha-2/ET00432048&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[99/66]]''<br /> |Sangeetha<br /> |Tamil<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2026-01-05 |title=ரச்சிதா நடித்த “99/66” படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் வெளியானது |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/rachitas-9966-trailer-out-1198830 |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |TBA<br /> |''Mei Nigare''<br /> |TBA<br /> |Tamil ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=WebDesk |title=தமிழில் சீரியல் நடிகை... கன்னட சினிமாவில் நாயகி : ரச்சிதா மகாலட்சுமி முதல் படம் எப்படி? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-serial-actress-rachitha-mahalakshmi-debut-heroine-in-kannada-cinema-4318466 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=tamil.indianexpress.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |TBA<br /> |''U R Next''<br /> |TBA<br /> |Tamil || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-29 |title=ரச்சிதா மகாலட்சுமி நடிக்கும் புதிய படம்! பூஜையுடன் துவங்கிய படப்பிடிப்பு! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/actress-rachitha-mahalakshmi-and-ks-ravikumar-starring-u-r-next-movie-pooja-happened-in-chennai-513458 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Network<br /> ! class= &quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class= &quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Reference heading}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> |''[[Love You Abhi]]''<br /> |Prema<br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |[[JioCinema]]<br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2023-05-20 |title=Vikram Ravichandran, Aditi Prabhudeva make their web series debut with Love You Abhi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/May/20/vikram-ravichandran-aditi-prabhudeva-make-their-web-series-debut-with-love-you-abhi-43648.html |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527074423/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/20/vikram-ravichandran-aditi-prabhudeva-make-their-web-series-debut-with-love-you-abhi-43648.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm11138476}}<br /> * {{instagram|rachitha_mahalakshmi_official}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahalakshmi, Rachitha}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:1990 births]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_basilicas_in_India&diff=470814 2026-03-18T18:54:42Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> <br /> This is the complete list of all the '''Basilicas in India'''. With 35 Indian churches officially designated as basilicas by the [[Holy See]] of the [[Catholic Church]], [[India]] is the country with the most basilicas in [[Asia]]. The [[Basilica of Bom Jesus]] in [[Old Goa]] is the first church in India to be designated as a basilica, decreed by [[Pope Pius XII]] in 1946. Every [[pope]] since then has raised at least one Indian church to the status of a basilica, except [[Pope John Paul I]], owing to his brief reign. <br /> {{location map+ |India |float=right |width=400|caption=The southern tip of India (states of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]) possesses 24 of the country's 35 basilicas. The above map depicts the locations of the 11 basilicas in the remaining India.<br /> |places=<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=15.500872|N|long=73.911511|E|label=[[Basilica of Bom Jesus|Bom Jesus]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=19.046667|N|long=72.8225|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra|Mount Mary]]|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=29.15|N|long=77.61|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Graces|Our Lady of Graces]]|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=12.984194|N |long=77.603886|E|label=[[St. Mary's Basilica, Bengaluru|St. Mary's]]|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=22.919|N|long=88.3952|E|label=[[Basilica of the Holy Rosary, Bandel|Holy Rosary]]|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=23.2992|N|long=85.4295|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of the Divine Motherhood of Our Lady|Divine Motherhood]]}}|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=17.4421 |N|long=78.5022 |E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Secunderabad|Our Lady of Assumption]]}}|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=13.205931|N|long=74.972056|E|label=[[St. Lawrence Shrine Basilica|St. Lawrence]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=14.51075|N|long=75.810673|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of Our Lady of Health, Harihar|Our Lady of Health]]}}|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=12.4106|N|long=76.42162|E|label=[[St. Anthony's Basilica, Dornahalli|St. Anthony's]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India |lat=25.389582|N|long=85.914175|E|position=top|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Divine Grace|Our Lady of Divine Grace]]|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The ''Basilica'' is a title given to certain Catholic churches. By [[canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law of the church]], no church can be honoured with the title unless by an [[Holy See|apostolic]] grant or from immemorial custom.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=244 Robert F. McNamara, ''Minor Basilicas in the United States'']&lt;/ref&gt; The title is bestowed upon churches that are considered culturally significant, functioning as an important place of pilgrimage or for a specific [[Catholic devotions|devotion]], such as to a [[saint]] or a [[Marian apparition]]. Basilicas in this canonical sense are divided into major (&quot;greater&quot;) and [[minor basilica]]s. Today, only four churches, all in [[Rome]], are classified as major basilicas: [[Basilica of St. John Lateran|St. John Lateran]], [[St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter]], [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls|St, Paul outside the Walls]], and [[Santa Maria Maggiore|St. Mary Major]]. The other canonical basilicas, including all the 35 basilicas in India, are minor basilicas.<br /> <br /> A vast majority of India's basilicas are located in [[South India]]. Twenty-nine basilicas belong to the [[Latin Church]], five to the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and one to the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]. Amongst the [[States and union territories of India|states of India]], [[Kerala]] hosts the highest number of basilicas at 12, containing all of the six non-Latin basilicas, while [[Tamil Nadu]] ranks second with 10 basilicas, followed by [[Karnataka]] with four and the [[union territory]] of [[Pondicherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]] with two. All the remaining basilicas are the only ones in their respective states or union territories. Amongst the [[List of districts in India|districts of India]], Kerala's [[Ernakulam district]] has the most basilicas (6); Kerala's [[Alappuzha district]], and Tamil Nadu's [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]] and [[Chennai district|Chennai]] districts all rank second with two basilicas each. The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly]] and the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly|Syro Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]] are the only catholic jurisdictions of India to host multiple basilicas (2 each).<br /> <br /> Twenty-four of the basilicas are [[Dedication of churches|dedicated]] to [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Saint Mary]]. Three basilicas are dedicated to the [[Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus|Marian title]] [[Our Lady of Good Health]],{{NoteTag|Beside the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health|Velankanni]] and [[Basilica of Our Lady of Health, Harihar|Harihar]] basilicas, Our Lady of Good Health is also the patron of [[St. Mary's Basilica, Bengaluru]].}} followed by [[Our Lady of Lourdes]], [[Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major|Our Lady of Snows]], [[Our Lady of the Rosary]], [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]], [[Our Lady of Graces]] and [[Assumption of Mary]], all of which have two basilicas each. [[Our Lady of Sorrows|Our Lady of Dolours]], [[Virgin of Mercy|Our Lady of Ransom]], [[Our Lady of Peace]], [[Our Lady of Perpetual Help]] and [[Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God|Divine Motherhood]] have one basilica each. [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas the Apostle]] is the patron of two basilicas, both in [[Chennai]]—one being [[Parangimalai|the place of his martyrdom]] and [[St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai|the other his burial]]. Saints [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]], [[Andrew the Apostle]], [[Saint Sebastian|Sebastian]], [[Saint Lawrence|Lawrence]], [[Saint George|George]], [[Anthony of Padua]], [[Teresa of Ávila|Teresa of Avila]], and [[John de Britto]] each have one basilica. [[Pondicherry]]'s [[Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pondicherry|Sacred Heart Basilica]] is the only basilica in Asia dedicated to the [[Sacred Heart|Sacred Heart of Jesus]].<br /> <br /> ==List==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;<br /> !Sr. No.!! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Basilica!!City/Locality, District!!State<br /> !Ecclesiastical jurisdiction!!Date of Designation!![[Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites|Particular church]]!!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Image<br /> |-<br /> |1||[[Basilica of Bom Jesus]]||[[Old Goa]], [[Goa Velha]], [[North Goa district]]||[[Goa]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]]||1946-01-11||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Bom Jesus, old goa (cropped).JPG|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |2||[[Mount Mary Church, Bandra|Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount (Mount Mary Church)]]||[[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]] [[Mumbai Suburban district|Suburban district]]||[[Maharashtra]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Archdiocese of Bombay]]||1954-10-04||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Mount mary church.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |3||[[St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai|National Shrine of St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica (San Thome Church)]]||[[Santhome]], [[Mylapore]], [[Chennai]] [[Chennai district|district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore]]||1956-03-16||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Santhome Basilica.jpg|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |4||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Graces]]||[[Sardhana]], [[Meerut district]]||[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Meerut|Diocese of Meerut]]||1961-12-13||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Front Facade of Basilica of Our Lady of Graces.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |5||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]||[[Velankanni Town|Velankanni]], [[Nagapattinam district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore|Diocese of Tanjore]]||1962-11-03||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Velankanni.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |6||[[St. Mary's Basilica, Bangalore|St Mary's Basilica]]||[[Shivajinagar, Bengaluru|Shivajinagar]], [[Bengaluru]] [[Bengaluru Urban district|Urban district]]||[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bengaluru|Archdiocese of Bengaluru]]||1973-09-02||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Marys Basilica Bangalore2.jpg|133x133px]]<br /> |-<br /> |7||[[St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam|St Mary's Cathedral Basilica]]||[[Ernakulam]], [[Kochi]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly|Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]||1974-03-20||[[Syro-Malabar Church]]||[[File:St Mary's Syro Malabar Basilica.jpg|104x104px]]<br /> |-<br /> |8||[[Our Lady of Snows Basilica|Basilica of Our Lady of Snows (Panimaya Madha Basilica)]]||[[Thoothukudi]], [[Thoothukudi district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin|Diocese of Tuticorin]]||1982-07-30||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of Snows - FRONT VIEW.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |9||[[Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica|Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica (Kottepalli)]]||[[Fort Kochi|Fort Cochin]], [[Kochi]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin|Diocese of Cochin]]||1984-08-23||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Kathedralbasilika Santa Cruz 2018-04-04a.jpg|117x117px]]<br /> |-<br /> |10||[[Basilica of the Holy Rosary, Bandel|Basilica of the Holy Rosary]]||[[Bandel]], [[Hooghly district]]||[[West Bengal]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Archdiocese of Calcutta]]||1988-11-25||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:The Basilica of the Holy Rosary in Bandel West Bengal India.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |11||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours]]||[[Thrissur]], [[Thrissur district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Trichur|Archeparchy of Thrissur]]||1992-04-25||[[Syro-Malabar Church]]||[[File:DPP 017 by Joseph Lazer.JPG|123x123px]]<br /> |-<br /> |12||[[Poondi Madha Basilica|Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes (Poondi Madha Basilica)]]||Poondi, [[Thirukattupalli]], [[Thanjavur district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumbakonam|Diocese of Kumbakonam]]||1999-08-03||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Poondi Madha Basilica 11.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |13||[[Basilica of the Divine Motherhood of Our Lady]]||Ulatu, [[Ranchi district]]||[[Jharkhand]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi]]||2004-11-30||[[Latin Church]]||<br /> |-<br /> |14||[[National Shrine Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam|National Shrine Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom]]||[[Vallarpadam]], [[Kochi]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly]]||2004-12-01||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Our Lady of Ransom Basilica, Vallarpadam (2).jpg|150x150px]]<br /> |-<br /> |15||[[Basilica of the Holy Redeemer, Tiruchirapalli|Basilica of the Holy Redeemer and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help]]||[[Palakkarai]], [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Tiruchirappalli district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli|Diocese of Tiruchirapalli]]||2006-10-12||[[Latin Church]]||<br /> |-<br /> |16||[[St. Mary, Queen of Peace Basilica]]||[[Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram|Palayam]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] [[Thiruvananthapuram district|district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum|Major Archeparchy of Thirvuvananthapuram]]||2008-10-13||[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]||[[File:Queenofpeacebasilica.jpg|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |17||[[Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Secunderabad|Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption (St. Mary's Church)]]||[[Secunderabad]], [[Hyderabad|Hyderabad district]]||[[Telangana]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad|Archdiocese of Hyderabad]]||2008-11-07||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Secunderabad.JPG|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |18||[[St. George Basilica, Angamaly|St. George's Basilica]]||[[Angamaly]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly|Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]||2009-06-24||[[Syro-Malabar Church]]||[[File:St. George Bascilica Church.jpg|127x127px]]<br /> |-<br /> |19||[[St. Andrew's Basilica, Arthunkal|St Andrew's Basilica and St. Sebastian's International Shrine]]||[[Arthunkal]], [[Cherthala]],[[Alappuzha district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alleppey|Diocese of Allepey]]||2010-07-09||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Andrew's Forane Church of Arthunkal.jpg|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |20||[[Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pondicherry|Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus]]||[[Pondicherry]], [[Puducherry district]]||[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Archdiocese of Pondicherry-Cuddalore]]||2011-06-24||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Sacred Heart - Basilica.JPG|133x133px]]<br /> |-<br /> |21||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Snow, Pallippuram|Basilica of Our Lady of Snows]]||[[Pallippuram, Ernakulam|Pallippuram]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottapuram|Diocese of Kottapuram]]||2012-08-27||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of Snows - DURING EVENING TIME.jpg|150x150px]]<br /> |-<br /> |22||[[St. Lawrence Shrine|St. Lawrence's Basilica]]||[[Attur, Udupi|Attur]], [[Karkala]], [[Udupi district]]||[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Udupi|Diocese of Udupi]]||2016-08-01||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Lawrence Shrine (Karkala).jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |23||[[Kalloorkadu St. Mary's Basilica Champakulam|St. Mary's Basilica]]||[[Champakulam]], [[Alappuzha district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanacherry|Archeparchy of Changanacherry]]||2016-11-27||[[Syro-Malabar Church]]||[[File:Champakulam St. Mary's Basilica3.jpg|133x133px]]<br /> |-<br /> |24||[[Basilica of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, Karumathampatti|Basilica of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary]]||[[Karumathampatti]], [[Coimbatore district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore|Diocese of Coimbatore]]||2019-07-22||[[Latin Church]]||<br /> |-<br /> |25||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Health, Harihar|Basilica of Our Lady of Health]]||[[Harihar]], [[Davanagere district]]||[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Shimoga|Diocese of Shimoga]]|| 2019-09-18 ||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Harihara church photo.jpg|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |26||[[St. Anthony's Basilica, Dornahalli|St. Anthony's Basilica]]||[[Doranahalli|Dornahalli]], [[Mandya district]]||[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mysore|Diocese of Mysore]]|| 2019-10-17 ||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Anthony's Minor Basilica, Doranahalli.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |27||[[St. Mary's Basilica, Mulagumoodu|St. Mary's Basilica]]||[[Mulagumudu]], [[Kanyakumari district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai]]|| 2020-06-09 ||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Mulagumudu Basilica-sep 2020.jpg|100px]]<br /> |- <br /> |28||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St. Joseph, Varapuzha|Basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St. Joseph]]||[[Varapuzha]], [[Ernakulam district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly]]|| 2020-12-11 ||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St-Joseph-church-varapuzha Island.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |- <br /> |29||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Assumption, Kamanayakkanpatti|Basilica of Our Lady of Assumption]]||[[Kamanayakkanpatti]], [[Thoothukudi district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palayamkottai|Diocese of Palayamkottai]]||2023-08-15||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of Assumption, Kamanayakkanpatti.jpg|107x107px]]<br /> |- <br /> |30 ||[[Basilica of St. John de Britto|St. Jon de Brittos' Basilica]]||[[Oriyur]], [[Ramanathapuram district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sivagangai|Diocese of Sivagangai]]||2023-12-05||[[Latin Church]]||<br /> |- <br /> |31 ||[[St. Teresa's Shrine, Mahé|St. Teresa's Basilica]]||[[Mahé, India|Mahe]], [[Mahe district]]||[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calicut|Archdiocese of Calicut]]||2024-02-24||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Theresa Shrine, Mahe.jpg|100x100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |32||[[Mount Carmel Church, Munnar|Basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel]]<br /> |[[Munnar]], [[Idukki district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vijayapuram|Diocese of Vijayapuram]]||2024-05-25||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:Munnar Mount Carmel Church - മൂന്നാർ മൗണ്ട് കാർമൽ പള്ളി-3.JPG|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> |[[Basilica of Our Lady of Divine Grace]]<br /> |[[Mokama]], [[Patna district]]<br /> |[[Bihar]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna|Archdiocese of Patna]]<br /> |2025-01-24<br /> |[[Latin Church]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |34||[[Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes, Chemperi|Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes]]||[[Chemperi]], [[Kannur district]]||[[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Tellicherry|Archeparchy of Tellicherry]]||2024-08-14||[[Syro-Malabar Church]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |35||[[St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica]]||[[Parangimalai]], [[St.Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram|St. Thomas Mount]], [[Chennai district]]||[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chingleput|Diocese of Chingleput]]||2025-07-03||[[Latin Church]]||[[File:St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica.jpg|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Maps==<br /> <br /> {{location map+ |India Kerala |float=left |width=400 |caption=Locations of the 12 basilicas across the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]] and the [[Mahe district]] of Puducherry: {{bullet list|Yellow dots indicate the [[Latin Church|Latin-rite]] Roman Catholic basilicas|Red dots are the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic]] basilicas|Black dot is the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic]] basilica}}<br /> |places=<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=9.983|N|long=76.275|E |label=[[St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam|St. Mary's ]]|position=right|mark=Red pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=9.965|N|long=76.243|E|label=[[Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica, Kochi|Santa Cruz]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=10.521|N|long=76.218|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours, Thrissur|Our Lady of Dolours]]|position=top|mark=Red pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=9.99|N|long=76.25|E|label={{nowrap|[[National Shrine Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam|Our Lady of Ransom]]}}|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=8.503|N|long=76.95|E|label={{nowrap|[[St. Mary, Queen of Peace Basilica|St. Mary, Queen of Peace]]}}|position=left|mark=Black pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=10.1906|N|long=76.3828|E|label=[[St. George Syro-Malabar Basilica, Angamaly|St. George]]|position=right|mark=Red pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=9.6611|N|long=76.3004|E|label=[[St. Andrew's Basilica, Arthunkal|St. Andrew]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=10.167483|N|long=76.182809|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Pallippuram|Our Lady of Snows]]|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=9.409167|N|long=76.411111|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of St. Mary, Champakulam|St. Mary's]]}}|position=left|mark=Red pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=10.074338|N|long=76.271362|E|label={{nowrap|[[Varapuzha Basilica|Mount Carmel &amp; St. Joseph]]}}|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=10.088163|N|long=77.059032|E|label=[[Mount Carmel Church, Munnar|Mount Carmel]]|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala |lat=12.094036|N|long=75.542343|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes, Chemperi|Our Lady of Lourdes]]|position=top|mark=Red pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Kerala|lat=11.701111|N|long=75.536667|E|label=[[St. Teresa's Shrine, Mahé|St. Teresa of Avila]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> }}<br /> {{location map+ |India Tamil Nadu |float=right |width=400 |caption=Locations of the 11 basilicas in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Pondicherry]]<br /> |places=<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=13.033611|N|long=80.2778|E|label=[[St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai|San Thome]]|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=10.68|N|long=79.849722|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health|Our Lady of Good Health]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=8.799444|N|long=78.156389|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Thoothukudi|Our Lady of Snows]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=13.007806|N|long=80.1925|E|label=[[Parangimalai|St. Thomas Mount]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=9.078448|N|long=77.933291|E|label=[[Basilica of Our Lady of Assumption, Kamanayakkanpatti|Our Lady of Assumption]]|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=9.850703|N|long=79.049563|E|label= [[Basilica of St. John de Britto|St. John de Britto]]|position=right|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=8.263481|long=77.28619|label=[[St. Mary's Basilica, Mulagumoodu|St. Mary's]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=11.108485|N|long=77.182178|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, Karumathampatti|Our Lady of the Holy Rosary]]}}|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=10.8103|N|long=78.698|E|label=[[Basilica of the Holy Redeemer, Tiruchirappalli|Holy Redeemer]]|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu |lat=10.864|N|long=78.941389|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes (Poondi)|Our Lady of Lourdes]]}}|position=top|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> {{location map~ |India Tamil Nadu|lat=11.92626|N|long=79.82704|E|label={{nowrap|[[Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pondicherry|Sacred Heart]]}}|position=left|mark=Yellow ffff00 pog.svg}}<br /> }}<br /> {{-}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of cathedrals in India]]<br /> *[[Roman Catholicism in India]]<br /> *[[List of Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br /> *[[List of Catholic bishops of India]]<br /> *[[List of Catholic Churches in India]]<br /> <br /> == Footnotes ==<br /> {{NoteFoot}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[https://www.gcatholic.org/churches/data/basINX.htm List of Indian basilicas from GCatholic.org]<br /> *[https://www.come2india.org/indian-basilicas.html List of all Basilicas in India] from Notes on India<br /> <br /> {{Basilicas in India}}<br /> {{World topic|List of basilicas in|title=List of basilicas in the World}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Basilica churches in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of basilicas|India]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in India|Basilicas]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naveen_Chandra&diff=472243 2026-03-18T18:18:43Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Naveen Chandra<br /> | image = Actor Naveen Chandra.JPG<br /> | caption = Naveen during an interview<br /> | other_names = Anji&lt;br /&gt;Pradeep<br /> | birth_place = [[Secunderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] (present-day [[Telangana]])<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|12|02|df=y}}<br /> | yearsactive = 2006–present<br /> | spouse = Orma<br /> | children = 1<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Naveen Chandra''' (born 2 December 1988) is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=Need to prove myself as an actor first : Naveen Chandra |url=http://news.releaseday.com/features/i-need-to-prove-myself-as-an-actor-first-naveen-chandra/ |access-date=8 February 2014 |archive-date=29 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129102503/http://news.releaseday.com/features/i-need-to-prove-myself-as-an-actor-first-naveen-chandra/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After debuting in ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge (2006 film)|Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]'' (2006), he gained recognition for ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]'' (2012) and continued to appear in both leading and supporting roles. ''[[Tripura (film)|Tripura]]'' (2015), ''[[Nenu Local]]'' (2017), ''[[Bhanumathi &amp; Ramakrishna]]'' (2020), ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023) and ''[[Eleven (film)|Eleven]]'' (2025) are his notable films.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Naveen Chandra was born into a [[Tamils|Tamil-speaking family]] in [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Interview&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kclgo3CHRH8 |title=Actor Naveen Chandra Exclsive Interview {{!}} Anchor Roshan {{!}} Telugu Interviews @sumantvvijayawada |date=2025-05-08 |last=SumanTV Vijayawada |access-date=2025-05-12 |via=YouTube|time=1:09-1:20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pecheti|first=Prakash|title=Meet the real-life Ramakrishna|url=https://telanganatoday.com/meet-the-real-life-ramakrishna|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415070859/https://telanganatoday.com/meet-the-real-life-ramakrishna|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Both his parents are Tamilians, with his father being a head mechanic at [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] and hails from [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], while his mother hails from Secunderabad, Telangana. Their family later moved to [[Ballari, Karnataka]], where he was raised. Chandra obtained a diploma in Mechanical Engineering and worked as a multimedia animator before he forayed into films.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Chandra made his debut in Telugu cinema with ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge (2006 film)|Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]'' under the stage name Anji in the year 2006, and later acted in the film ''Kalyanam'' under the stage name Chandu. Chandra made his debut as a hero in Tamil with ''[[Pazhaniappa Kalloori]]'' under the stage name Pradeep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/flooded-with-new-faces-pazhaniappa-kalloori/article2285153.ece|title=Flooded with new faces -- Pazhaniappa Kalloori|work=The Hindu|first=S. R. Ashok|last=Kumar|date=28 December 2007|access-date=4 January 2022|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104223414/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/flooded-with-new-faces-pazhaniappa-kalloori/article2285153.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next Tamil film ''Agarathi'' never saw a theatrical release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pradeep-is-a-lucky-guy/articleshow/6037668.cms|title=Pradeep is a lucky guy!|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 January 2022|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104231803/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pradeep-is-a-lucky-guy/articleshow/6037668.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, he starred in the Telugu film ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]'' which gained him positive responses from viewers and critics for his performance in his role as Surya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/naveen-chandra/naveen-chandra-interview.html |access-date=8 February 2014 |title=ACTOR NAVEEN CHANDRA INTERVIEW |date=22 February 2014 |archive-date=2 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802203723/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/naveen-chandra/naveen-chandra-interview.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He shot for the Tamil film ''Therodum Veedhiyile'' with [[Payal Ghosh]] in 2012, which was never released.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Horror comedy is a very challenging genre to shoot, says Deepak Kumar Padhy {{!}} Tamil Movie News - Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/horror-comedy-is-a-very-challenging-genre-to-shoot-says-deepak-kumar-padhy/articleshow/105088445.cms | access-date=2025-08-30 | website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the bilingual film ''[[Dalam]]'', Chandra played an ex-naxalite who struggles to return to a normal life. For his role in Sathyashiva's ''[[Sivappu]]'', he lived incognito as a labourer in his friend's construction company for two weeks in order to get into his character. The film also released in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/variety-of-roles-needed-for-lasting-career-naveen-chandra-news-national-niplEidhjaf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090152/http://www.sify.com/movies/variety-of-roles-needed-for-lasting-career-naveen-chandra-news-national-niplEidhjaf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-07 |title=Variety of roles needed for lasting career: Naveen Chandra |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2016-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also signed as the second lead in the Tamil film ''[[Brahman (film)|Brahman]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Returning-to-his-Roots/2014/02/12/article2051266.ece |title=Returning to his Roots |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=2016-01-12 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816204208/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Returning-to-his-Roots/2014/02/12/article2051266.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-chandras-upcoming-starrer-launched/articleshow/64885663.cms|title=Naveen Chandra's upcoming starrer launched|access-date=31 July 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009010538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-chandras-upcoming-starrer-launched/articleshow/64885663.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was signed on for the lead role in producer [[C. V. Kumar]]'s ''[[Sarabham]]''. He next appeared in [[Miss India (film)|''Miss India'']] starring [[Keerthy Suresh]] under the direction of Narendra Nath.<br /> <br /> His films ''[[Month of Madhu]]'' and ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=2023-11-10 |title='Jigarthanda Double X' movie review: Karthik Subbaraj's heartfelt, most political film dazzles with duality |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jigarthanda-double-x-movie-review-karthik-subbarajs-heartfelt-most-political-film-dazzles-with-duality/article67521203.ece |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; were released in 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2023-10-11 |title=Naveen Chandra: I will cherish the 'Month of Madhu' experience all my life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naveen-chandra-i-will-cherish-the-month-of-madhu-experience-all-my-life/article67403554.ece |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Naveen Chandra is married to Orma, a [[Malayalis|Malayali]], with whom he has a son.&lt;ref name=&quot;Interview&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-22 |title=A magnificent moment: Actor Naveen Chandra blessed with a baby boy, shares first pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/a-magnificent-moment-actor-naveen-chandra-blessed-with-a-baby-boy-shares-first-pics/articleshow/98160587.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2006 || ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge (2006 film)|Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]'' || Anji <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| credited as Anji&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/sambhavamiyugeyugey_review.php |title=Reviews : Movie Reviews |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119124759/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/sambhavamiyugeyugey_review.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007 || ''Kalyanam'' || || credited as Chandu<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pazhaniappa Kalloori]]''<br /> |Parthi<br /> |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |credited as Pradeep<br /> |-<br /> |2012 || ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]'' || Surya <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> |2013 || ''[[Dalam]]'' || Abhi ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2014 || ''[[Naa Rakumarudu]]'' || Vaishnav ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sarabham]]''|| Vikram <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bramman]]''<br /> |Madankumar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Koottam]]''<br /> |Abhi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015 || ''[[Bham Bolenath]]'' || Krishna <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Tripura (film)|Tripura]]'' || Tripura's husband ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sivappu]]''<br /> |Pandian<br /> |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016 || ''[[Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi]]'' || Naveen <br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu (2016)|Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu]]'' || Prashanth ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2017 || ''[[Nenu Local]]'' || Siddharth Varma ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Juliet Lover of Idiot]]'' || Vara ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018 || ''[[Devadas (2018 film)|Devadas]]'' || Ajay ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' || Bala Reddy ||<br /> |-<br /> |2019|| ''[[Evaru]]''|| [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]] Ashok Krishna ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020 || ''[[Bhanumathi &amp; Ramakrishna]]'' || Ramakrishna ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Miss India (2020 film)|Miss India]]'' || Vijay Anand ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pattas]]''<br /> |Nilapparai &quot;Nilan&quot;<br /> |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | 2021 || [[Super Over (film)|''Super Over'']] || Kaasi <br /> | rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mosagallu]]'' ||Sid ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ardha Shathabdham]]''<br /> | Ranjith ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Mission 2020'' || ACP Jayanth ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bro (2021 film)|Bro]]'' || Madhav ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''1997'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Nenu Leni Naa Prema Katha'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022<br /> | ''[[Ghani (2021 film)|Ghani]]'' || Aadi||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Virata Parvam]]'' || Raghu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]'' ||Arjun Prasad||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ammu (2022 film)|Ammu]]''<br /> |Ravi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Thaggedele]]''<br /> |Eshwar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Repeat''<br /> |Vikram<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2023<br /> |''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]''<br /> |Shekhar Reddy<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mayagadu''<br /> |Ravi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Month of Madhu]]''<br /> |Madhusudhan Rao<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]''<br /> |DSP Rathna Kumar<br /> |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''[[Satyabhama (2024 film)|Satyabhama]]''<br /> |Amarendar<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Telugu<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Satyabhama 2024 Film: Kajal Aggarwal is Back in Action |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/satyabhama-2024-film-a-fierce-cop-seeks-truth-and-redemption |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2025<br /> |[[Game Changer (film)|''Game Changer'']]<br /> |&quot;Sand&quot; Simha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[28 Degree Celsius]]''<br /> |Karthik<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Blind Spot (2025 film)|Blind Spot]]''<br /> |Vikram<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Eleven (film)|Eleven]]''<br /> |[[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Aravindan (Benjamin) <br /> |Tamil{{Br}}Telugu<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;eleven&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-17 |title=Naveen Chandra's next is a Tamil-Telugu bilingual titled 'Eleven' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naveen-chandras-next-is-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-titled-eleven/article67204724.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Show Time (film)|''Show Time'']]<br /> |Surya<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mass Jathara]]''<br /> |K. G. Reddy<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mark (2025 film)|Mark]]''<br /> |Bhadra<br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[Honey (2026 film)|Honey]]''<br /> |Anand<br /> |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable &lt;!--sortable--&gt;&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Network<br /> !Language<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2021–present<br /> | ''[[Parampara (2021 TV series)|Parampara]] ''<br /> | Gopi<br /> | [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br /> |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024<br /> |''[[Inspector Rishi]]''<br /> |Rishi<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Prime Video locks premiere date for Tamil series 'Inspector Rishi' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prime-video-locks-premiere-date-for-tamil-series-inspector-rishi/article67949568.ece |access-date=March 19, 2024 |website=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Snakes and Ladders (2024 TV series)|''Snakes and Ladders'']]<br /> |Leonard &quot;Leo&quot;<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-10-07 |title=Karthik Subbaraj's Snakes and Ladders gets premiere date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/07/karthik-subbarajs-snakes-and-ladders-gets-premiere-date |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=5194813}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:1988 births]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._Rajaratnam&diff=478209 2026-03-15T21:49:16Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: starting new pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Singaporean politician (1915–2006)}}<br /> {{other uses|Rajaratnam}}<br /> {{Tamil name|Sinnathamby|Rajaratnam}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = S. Rajaratnam<br /> | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|list=[[Darjah Utama Temasek|DUT]]}}<br /> | native_name = {{nobold|சின்னத்தம்பி ராஜரத்தினம்}}<br /> | native_name_lang = ta<br /> | image = S. Rajaratnam (UN cropped).jpg<br /> | image_size = 250px<br /> | caption = Rajaratnam in 1975<br /> | office = 1st [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]<br /> | term_start = 2 January 1985<br /> | term_end = 3 September 1988<br /> | prime_minister = Lee Kuan Yew<br /> | predecessor = ''Office established''<br /> | successor = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (1990)<br /> | office1 = 2nd [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]<br /> | term_start1 = 1 June 1980<br /> | term_end1 = 1 January 1985<br /> | alongside1 = [[Goh Keng Swee]] (1973–1980)<br /> | prime_minister1 = Lee Kuan Yew<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Toh Chin Chye]] (1968)<br /> | successor1 = [[Goh Chok Tong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ong Teng Cheong]]<br /> | office2 = [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Minister for Labour]]<br /> | term_start2 = 16 April 1968<br /> | term_end2 = 4 July 1971<br /> | prime_minister2 = Lee Kuan Yew<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Jek Yeun Thong]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Ong Pang Boon]]<br /> | office3 = [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Singapore)#Ministers|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]<br /> | term_start3 = 9 August 1965<br /> | term_end3 = 1 June 1980<br /> | prime_minister3 = Lee Kuan Yew<br /> | predecessor3 = ''Office established''<br /> | successor3 = [[S. Dhanabalan]]<br /> | office4 = [[Ministry of Communications and Information#Ministers|Minister for Culture]]<br /> | term_start4 = 5 June 1959<br /> | term_end4 = 12 August 1965<br /> | prime_minister4 = Lee Kuan Yew<br /> | predecessor4 = ''Office established''<br /> | successor4 = [[Othman Wok]]<br /> | office5 = Member of the [[Malaysian Parliament]]&lt;br /&gt;for [[Singapore in Malaysia|Singapore]]<br /> | term_start5 = 2 November 1963&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-02111963.pdf |title=PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) OFFICIAL REPORT |work=[[Dewan Rakyat]] |access-date=19 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | term_end5 = 9 August 1965<br /> | predecessor5 = ''Position established''<br /> | successor5 = ''Position abolished''<br /> | constituency_MP6 = [[Kampong Glam Single Member Constituency|Kampong Glam]]<br /> | parliament6 = Singapore<br /> | term_start6 = 30 May 1959<br /> | term_end6 = 17 August 1988<br /> | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established''<br /> | successor6 = Loh Meng See ([[People's Action Party|PAP]])<br /> | birth_name = Sinnathamby Rajaratnam<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|2|25|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Jaffna]], [[British Ceylon]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2006|2|22|1915|2|25|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Singapore]]<br /> | death_cause = [[Heart failure]]<br /> | citizenship = Singaporean<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Piroska Feher|1943|1989|end=died}}<br /> | party = [[People's Action Party]]<br /> | residence = <br /> | alma_mater = [[King's College London]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|journalist}}<br /> | profession = <br /> | signature = Bangkok Signature Singapore.svg<br /> | signature_alt = Signature of S. Rajaratnam<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Twentieth Session of United Nations General Assembly Opens.jpg|thumb|In September 1965, S. Rajaratnam, Singapore's first Minister for Foreign Affairs, speaks to the [[UN General Assembly]] after the nation's formal admission.]]<br /> '''Sinnathamby Rajaratnam'''{{efn|{{langx|ta|சின்னத்தம்பி ராஜரத்னம்}}}} {{postnominals|list=[[Darjah Utama Temasek|DUT]]}} (25 February 1915 – 22 February 2006), better known as '''S. Rajaratnam''', was a Singaporean statesman, journalist and diplomat. He served as the first [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Singapore)#Ministers|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] from 1965 until 1980, and subsequently as the 2nd [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 1980 to 1985. Rajaratnam was pivotal in establishing Singapore's foreign policy framework during its early years of sovereignty, helping to secure the nation's position on the global stage in its early years. Alongside his foreign affairs portfolio, he also served as [[Ministry of Digital Development and Information|Minister for Culture]] from 1959 to 1965, [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Minister for Labour]] from 1968 to 1971, [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] from 1980 to 1985 and [[Senior Minister of Singapore|Senior Minister]] from 1985 to 1988. Throughout his entire political career, he represented the constituency of [[Kampong Glam Single Member Constituency|Kampong Glam]]. Rajaratnam is widely recognised as one of the [[List of national founders|founding father]]s of modern Singapore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Today24May10&quot;&gt;{{citation|author=Lee Hsien Loong |author-link=Lee Hsien Loong |title=A giant in our midst &amp;#91;eulogy by the Prime Minister&amp;#93; |url=http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC100524-0000043/A-giant-in-our-midst |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525173700/http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC100524-0000043/A-giant-in-our-midst |archive-date=25 May 2010 |newspaper=Today |date=24 May 2010 |pages=12–14 |url-status=dead }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Remembering the three most outstanding founding fathers |url=https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/news/details/the-day-i-lectured-on-marx-to-goh-keng-swee |website=Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, NUS |access-date=10 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A founding member of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), which has governed Singapore continuously since independence, Rajaratnam was deeply involved in the country's political transformation. He was among the pioneering leaders responsible for securing [[self-governance of Singapore]] from the [[British Empire]] in 1959 and navigating the complex process leading to the [[independence of Singapore]] from Malaysia in 1965. His statesmanship extended beyond national borders as [[ASEAN Declaration|one of the five founding fathers]] of the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) in 1967, an organisation created to promote regional cooperation and peace in [[Southeast Asia]].<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam's legacy is commemorated through several institutions bearing his name, reflecting his lasting impact on Singapore's development. These include the [[S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies]] at [[Nanyang Technological University]] (NTU), a centre dedicated to research and education in international relations, as well as the S. Rajaratnam block of [[Raffles Institution]], honouring his contributions to education and public service. His career remains emblematic of pragmatic governance and diplomatic foresight during a formative period in Singapore's history.&lt;ref name=TGO&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/obituary-sinnathamby-rajaratnam|title=Obituary: Sinnathamby Rajaratnam|accessdate=November 27, 2024|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=7 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TFSR&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://temasekfoundation.org.sg/about-us/named-endowments/s-rajaratnam-endowment|title=S Rajaratnam Endowment|accessdate=November 27, 2024|work=[[Temasek Foundation]]|date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=DF1&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.lk/columns/Generative-AI-powered-ChatBook-featuring-S-Rajaratnam-one-of-Singapore-s-Founding-Fathers/4-769685|title=Generative AI-powered ChatBook featuring S. Rajaratnam, one of Singapore's Founding Fathers|accessdate=November 28, 2024|work=[[Daily FT]]|date=26 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Rajaratnam was born in [[Vaddukoddai]], [[Jaffna]], [[British Ceylon]] in 1915, the second child of Sabapathy Pillai Sinnathamby and his wife N. Annamah, both of [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Jaffna Tamil]] descent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ng |first=Irene |title=The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; His father wished for him to be born there for auspicious reasons following the premature death of his elder brother.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ng |first=Irene |title=The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after his birth, Rajaratnam was taken back to [[British Malaya|Malaya]] and raised in [[Seremban]] and [[Selangor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sinnathamby Rajaratnam |url=https://www.roots.gov.sg/stories-landing/stories/sinnathamby-rajaratnam/story |website=Roots |publisher=National Heritage Board Singapore |access-date=15 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; His younger brother, S. Seevaratnam, was born in Seremban and went on to become a founding member of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ng |first=Irene |title=The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goh |first=Cheng Teik |title=Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics |publisher=Pelanduk Publications |location=Petaling Jaya |year=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt; His newphew, [[Vijayaratnam Seevaratnam]], was affliated with the [[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia]].<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam received his early education at [[St. Paul's Institution, Seremban|St. Paul's Institution]], followed by studies at [[Victoria Institution]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Raffles Institution]] in Singapore. In 1937, he enrolled at [[King's College London]] to pursue a degree in law. However, due to the outbreak of [[World War II]] and the resulting financial constraints within his family, he was unable to continue his studies. Instead, he turned to journalism to support himself in Singapore.<br /> <br /> ==Writing career==<br /> In London, Rajaratnam also wrote a series of short stories which ''[[The Spectator]]'''s J.B. Trend reviewed positively. Rajaratnam also gained the attention of [[George Orwell]], who then worked in the Indian Section of the BBC's Eastern Service based in London and recruited Rajaratnam to contribute scripts for the network. Rajaratnam's short stories and radio plays were later published by [[Epigram Books]] in ''The Short Stories &amp; Radio Plays of S. Rajaratnam'' (2011).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Short Stories &amp; Radio Plays of S. Rajaratnam|url=http://www.epigrambooks.sg/the-short-stories-radio-plays-of-s-rajaratnam/|website=Epigram Books|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920113659/http://www.epigrambooks.sg/the-short-stories-radio-plays-of-s-rajaratnam/|archive-date=20 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Journalistic career==<br /> Rajaratnam returned to Singapore in 1948 when he joined ''[[The Malaya Tribune]]'' and stopped writing short stories. In 1950, he joined ''[[Singapore Tiger Standard]]'' that was founded by [[Aw Boon Haw]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam|first=Irene|last=Ng|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|location=Singapore|date=2010|isbn=978-981-4279-52-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|119}} In 1954, he joined ''[[The Straits Times]]'' as a journalist. He was bold in writing about the way Singapore was governed by the British.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1915-2006 Politician|url=http://www.viweb.freehosting.net/SRajaratnam.htm|access-date=10 January 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110102225/http://www.viweb.freehosting.net/SRajaratnam.htm|archive-date=10 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; This incurred the displeasure of the colonial government. His column, &quot;I write as I please&quot;, attracted so much attention that he was called for questioning by [[Gerald Templer]], who tried to cow him by showing him a gun in his desk drawer.&lt;ref name=PMOPM&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/speech-mr-lee-hsien-loong-prime-minister-launch-rajas-biography-04-february-2010-715pm|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong at the Launch of &quot;The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam&quot;|accessdate=November 26, 2024|work=[[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)]]|date=4 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> In 1954, Rajaratnam co-founded the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) together with [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Toh Chin Chye]], [[Goh Keng Swee]] and others. He became popular among his supporters for being able to effectively follow the &quot;mood of the people&quot;. He thought of a [[multiracial]] Singapore and envisioned her to be a &quot;global city&quot;. He was also actively involved in organising major political campaigns against [[Far-left politics|far-left]] political groups in Singapore.<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam had served in the [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]] as [[Ministry of Digital Development and Information#Ministers|Minister for Culture]] in 1959, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)#Ministers|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] between 1965 and 1980, [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)#Ministers|Minister for Labour]] between 1968 and 1971, [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] between 1980 and 1985, and [[Senior Minister of Singapore|Senior Minister]] between 1985 and 1988. Rajaratnam is remembered for authoring the [[Singapore National Pledge]] in 1966.<br /> [[File:Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew, S. Rajaratnam, Abdul Rahim Ishak, Wong Lin Ken with U Thant at the UN in 1967.jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of Singapore]] Visits [[UN Headquarters]] on 1967-10-21: Seen here, from left: Inche Rahim Ishak ([[Abdul Rahim Ishak]]), Minister of State for Education of Singapore; Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]]; Secretary-General [[U Thant]]; S. Rajaratnam, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Singapore; and Ambassador [[Wong Lin Ken]], Permanent Representative of Singapore to the United Nations.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.un.org/photo/en/asset/oun7/oun7620127|title=Prime Minister of Singapore Visits UN Headquarters|accessdate=January 7, 2025|work=[[United Nations]]|date=21 October 1967}}&lt;/ref&gt; ]]<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam was Singapore's first Foreign Minister, following its abrupt independence in 1965. During his tenure as Minister for Foreign Affairs, Rajaratnam helped Singapore gain entry into the [[United Nations]] and later the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] in 1970. He built up the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] and helped to establish diplomatic relations with other countries and secure international recognition of Singapore's sovereignty. He carried out the foreign policy of international self-assertion to establish Singapore's independence during the period when the country faced significant challenges including the ''[[Konfrontasi]]'' conflict in the 1960s and the withdrawal of British troops in the early 1970s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Rajaratnam was one of the five &quot;founding fathers&quot; of the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) in 1967. In this diplomatic arena together with the United Nations, he helped to draw international attention to the [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War|Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia]] in 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chong Guan Kwa, Sinnathamby Rajaratnam, ''S Rajaratnam on Singapore: from ideas to reality''. World Scientific, 2006, p.9. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RCL3tyhdw0wC text online]&lt;/ref&gt; Rajaratnam opposed the [[Accession of Sri Lanka to ASEAN|inclusion of Sri Lanka for ASEAN]] membership in 1967 based on the country's domestic situation which was unstable and not good for a new organisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/08/06/headlines/headlines_30043849.php|title=Asean's birth a pivotal point in history of Southeast Asia|publisher=The Nation|date=6 August 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614200718/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/08/06/headlines/headlines_30043849.php|archive-date=14 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> During his tenure as Minister for Labour, Rajaratnam implemented tough labour laws to attempt to restore stability in the [[Economy of Singapore|Singapore's economy]] and attracted multinational corporations to invest in Singapore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Remembering Mr S Rajaratnam |url=http://www.srajaratnamendowment.org.sg/content.aspx?sid=11 |access-date=10 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110101646/http://www.srajaratnamendowment.org.sg/content.aspx?sid=11 |archive-date=10 January 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Throughout his political career, Rajaratnam had played a key role in the pragmatic and technocratic PAP government that radically improved Singapore's economic situation, alongside huge developments in [[Social change|social development]] on the island with massive expansion of healthcare programmes, [[pensions]], [[public housing]] and maintaining an extremely low unemployment rate. This is well underlined by his following statement:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;We believe in a democratic society by governments freely and periodically elected by the people... We believe, in the virtue of hard work and that those who work harder in society should be given greater rewards... We believe that the world does not owe us a living and that we have to earn our keep.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Adapted from speech by S Rajaratnam, Minister for Foreign Affairs, at a dinner in honour of His Excellency Mr. Hans Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs, 20 April 1977.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Nonetheless, Rajaratnam did not believe in the need for a strong opposition in Parliament, which he considered &quot;non-communist subversion&quot;; he was unapologetic about the dominant party system in Singapore saying:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Given a one-party government, the capacity of such a government to act far more independently than if it were harassed by an opposition and by proxies, is obvious. In the game of competitive interference pawns which can behave like bishops and castles and knights can in certain circumstances be extremely inconvenient and very irritating.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;S. Rajaratnam. 1975. &quot;Non-Communist Subversion in Singapore,&quot; in: Seah Chee Meow (ed.). ''Trends in Singapore: Proceedings and Background Papers''. Singapore: Singapore University Press, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam was a strong believer in [[multiracialism]] in Singapore, and when drafting the [[Singapore National Pledge]] in 1966 just two years after the [[1964 race riots in Singapore|1964 racial riots]], he wrote the words &quot;One united people, regardless of race, language or religion.&quot; In the 1980s and 1990s, when the government began implementing several policies to promote the use of &quot;mother tongue&quot; languages and ethnic-based self-help groups such as [[Chinese Development Assistance Council]] (CDAC) and ''Yayasan Mendaki'', Rajaratnam expressed his opposition to these policies which, in his view, ran counter to the vision of establishing a common Singapore identity where &quot;when race, religion, language does not matter&quot;. He advocated for greater racial integration which he felt was still lacking in the country.<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam also disagreed with Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]] on the policy of giving incentives to women who are college graduates to have more children, as he felt that the policy was unfair. Despite their differences in opinion on certain issues, Rajaratnam was loyal to Lee and remained as a member of the &quot;core team&quot; of Lee's government which included [[Goh Keng Swee]], [[Hon Sui Sen]] and [[Lim Kim San]], and they dominated Singapore's political scene from 1959 to the mid-1980s.<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Rajaratnam first met his wife, Piroska Feher, a [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] teacher, while studying in London and married in 1943. Feher's grandmother was a member of the wealthy [[Csák (genus)|Csáky clan]] who had lost their fortune due to the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] after the [[First World War]]. Piroska, disgruntled by the rise of [[Nazism]], moved to the United Kingdom where she worked as an [[au pair]] and teacher and eventually met Rajaratnam. Former [[Member of the European Parliament]] [[Gyula Hegyi]] is her nephew.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Tribute to my aunt, Mrs Piroska Rajaratnam|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/tribute-to-my-aunt-mrs-piroska-rajaratnam|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=7 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The couple moved to Malaya at the conclusion of the [[Second World War]] but Rajaratnam's parents disapproved of their new daughter-in-law, even telling her that they would not accept &quot;half-caste&quot; descendants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The Singapore 'Herstory': From Sophia Raffles to Kwa Geok Choo and Beyond|url=https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CO10128.pdf|work=RSIS Commentaries|publisher=[[S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies]]|date= 6 October 2010|first=Emrys|last=Chew}}&lt;/ref&gt; They did not have any children and remained married until her death in 1989 from [[Pneumonia|pulmonary pneumonia]] at the age of 76.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Lest we forget Raja and his ideals|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100201-195785.html|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=1 February 2010|first=Zakir|last=Hussain|access-date=8 March 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107124540/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100201-195785.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Rajaratnam retired from politics in 1988 as part of the leadership transition, he served at the [[ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute|Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] as Distinguished Senior Fellow from between 1989 and 1997.<br /> <br /> In 1994, Rajaratnam was diagnosed with [[dementia]] and was unable to move or talk by 2001. He was assisted by six maids, including his long-time maid of 21 years, Cecelia Tandoc.<br /> <br /> ==Death and legacy==<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | total_width = 265<br /> | image1 = 0678jfPuerta del Parian and Revellin de Parian Asean Garden Busts Intramurosfvf 17.jpg<br /> | image2 = 0678jfPuerta del Parian and Revellin de Parian Asean Garden Busts Intramurosfvf 14.jpg<br /> | caption1 = <br /> | caption2 = Bust of S. Rajaratnam at the ASEAN Garden with the excerpt from his statement at the [[ASEAN Declaration|inauguration]] of [[ASEAN]].<br /> | direction = vertical<br /> | header = <br /> | align = right<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam died on 22 February 2006 of heart failure at his residence at Chancery Lane in [[Bukit Timah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=S. Rajaratnam|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_644_2005-01-10.html|access-date=10 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/194463/1/.html|title=Former DPM Rajaratnam dies at age 90|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=22 February 2006|access-date=22 February 2006|archive-date=23 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223203203/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/194463/1/.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a mark of respect, [[Mediacorp]] [[Channel 5 (Singaporean TV channel)|Channel 5]] and [[Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)|Channel 8]] observed a minute of silence that night. State flags at all Government buildings were flown at [[half-mast]] from 23 to 25 February 2006.<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam's body rested at his home in 30 Chancery Lane from 22 to 23 February. Some of his former colleagues, [[Toh Chin Chye]], [[S. Dhanabalan]], [[Othman Wok]], [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[S. R. Nathan]] and [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]], paid their last respects at his home. His body [[Lying in state|lay in state]] at [[Parliament House, Singapore|Parliament House]] from 9:30am to 9:00pm on 24 February 2006.<br /> <br /> During the funeral, Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[Minister Mentor]] [[Lee Kuan Yew]], diplomat [[Tommy Koh]] and orthopaedic surgeon V. K. Pillay delivered their eulogies; Lee Kuan Yew cried while delivering his eulogy. The state flag and the [[Darjah Utama Temasek|Order of Temasek]] conferred to Rajaratnam, draped on the coffin were given to President S. R. Nathan and later to [[Vijayaratnam Seevaratnam]] and S. Jothiratnam, Rajaratnam's nephews and closest relatives. The [[Singapore National Pledge]] was recited by the mourners.<br /> <br /> Rajaratnam's state funeral was broadcast live on [[CNA (TV network)|Channel NewsAsia]]. The programme, called &quot;Farewell to S. Rajaratnam&quot;, aired from 1:30 to 3:15 pm on 25 February 2006. His body was cremated at 5:00 pm at [[Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium|Mandai Crematorium]].<br /> <br /> Organisations with which Rajaratnam was associated in life published obituaries in ''[[The Straits Times]]''; these included the [[ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute|Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]], Ceylon Sports Club, Singapore Ceylon Tamils' Association, Singapore Indian Fine Arts Society, [[Nanyang Technological University]], [[Raffles Institution|Old Rafflesians' Association]], [[Raffles Institution]], [[Raffles Junior College]] and [[Raffles Girls' School (Secondary)|Raffles Girls' School]]. The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies noted: In the words he himself chose, {{cquote|&quot;We are sorry that he has left the Earth.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;The Straits Times, Friday, February 24, 2006, pp. H25-26&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ===Honours and legacy ===<br /> In 1990, Rajaratnam was awarded the [[File:Darjah Utama Temasek ribbon (1962–1996) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Darjah Utama Temasek|Order of Temasek]] (First Class, now known as High Distinction), Singapore's highest civilian honour and second overall after the [[Bintang Temasek|Star of Temasek]]. <br /> <br /> In recognition of his contributions as one of the nation's founding fathers, Rajaratnam was accorded a [[state funeral]] at the [[Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay]] on 25 February 2006, a few days after his passing. The coffin was carried from Parliament House to the Esplanade at 1:30pm on a ceremonial gun carriage, past the historic [[Civic District]]. The service was attended by President [[S. R. Nathan]], Cabinet ministers, Members of Parliament and other invited guests.<br /> <br /> The Institute for Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) at the [[Nanyang Technological University]] was renamed [[S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies|url=http://www.rsis.edu.sg}}&lt;/ref&gt; in recognition of Rajaratnam's contributions to Singapore's foreign and diplomatic policy. In memory of Rajaratnam, the then-unnamed newly constructed seven-storey building in [[Raffles Institution]], his alma mater, was christened as the [[Raffles Institution#Campus|S. Rajaratnam Block]].<br /> [[File:Raffles Institution Raja block.jpg|thumb|Rajaratnam Block at [[Raffles Institution]]]]<br /> <br /> Launched on 21 October 2014, the S$100-million S. Rajaratnam Endowment was set up by [[Temasek Holdings]] to support programmes that foster international and regional cooperation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=S Rajaratnam Endowment|url=http://www.srajaratnamendowment.org.sg|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110110723/http://www.srajaratnamendowment.org.sg/|archive-date=10 January 2015|url-status = dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its chairman, [[Wong Kan Seng]], said that the values that Rajaratnam stood for as Singapore's first Foreign Minister are even more relevant today.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ng|first1=Kelly|title=S Rajaratnam Endowment to foster international, regional cooperation|url=http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/s-rajaratnam-endowment-foster-international-regional-cooperation|access-date=21 October 2014|agency=TODAY|publisher=MediaCorp|date=21 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Film appearances====<br /> Rajaratnam is a central character in ''Two Meetings and a Funeral'', a film about the [[Nonaligned Movement]] by [[Naeem Mohaiemen]]. Rajaratnam's call for developing economies to become technology sufficient, rather than depending on the technology of the west is featured in the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropolism.com/en/features/34367_two_meetings_and_a_funeral_naeem_mohaiemen|title = Two Meetings and a Funeral - A Conversation between Naeem Mohaiemen and Hendrik Folkerts - Features - Metropolis M}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Books on S. Rajaratnam====<br /> Former Singapore Parliamentarian [[Irene Ng (politician)|Irene Ng]] authored two books on Rajaratnam, ''The Singapore Lion'' in 2010 and ''The Lion's Roar'' in 2024.&lt;ref name=ST1&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-cannot-exist-other-than-as-an-island-city-state-connected-to-the-world-pm-wong|title=Singapore cannot exist other than as an island city-state connected to the world: PM Wong|accessdate=November 25, 2024|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=23 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * {{Citation<br /> | last= Ng | first= Irene<br /> | year=2010<br /> | title= The Singapore Lion: A Biography of S. Rajaratnam<br /> | publisher= [[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]]<br /> | isbn= 978-9-8142-7951-2<br /> | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Zezti4yBF3gC<br /> }}<br /> * {{Citation<br /> | last= Ng | first= Irene<br /> | year=2024<br /> | title= S. Rajaratnam, The Authorised Biography, Volume Two: The Lion's Roar<br /> | publisher= [[ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute|Iseas Publishing]]<br /> | isbn= 978-9-8151-0465-3<br /> | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy4UEQAAQBAJ<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ====ChatBook featuring S. Rajaratnam====<br /> [[File:Generative AI-powered ChatBook featuring S. Rajaratnam.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Rajkumar Kanagasingam, the founding president of the [[Fintech Association of Sri Lanka]] and a relative of him, is depicted reading the ChatBook.&lt;ref name=DF1/&gt;]]<br /> <br /> The [[National Library, Singapore|National Library of Singapore]] displayed a [[generative AI]]-powered ChatBook (book-like device) featuring Rajaratnam from October to November 2024.&lt;ref name=DF1/&gt; The showcase was inaugurated by [[Lawrence Wong]], the [[Prime Minister of Singapore]], during the launching of the second volume of Rajaratnam's biography, ''The Lion's Roar'', authored by [[Irene Ng]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DF1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Singapore's Senior Minister and former Prime Minister, [[Lee Hsien Loong]], who attended the showcase, said:&lt;ref name=&quot;DF1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> ::&quot;Rajaratnam belonged to the core group of Founding Fathers who shared fierce conviction of what Singapore should be, and defied the odds to build a united, successful, and confident nation. It is befitting that NLB has made this ChatBook prototype publicly available with Rajaratnam's materials.&quot;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{wikiquote|Sinnathamby Rajaratnam}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * [http://www.ntu.edu.sg/publicportal/about+ntu/giving+to+ntu/s+rajaratnam+professorship.htm S. Rajaratnam Professorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521210326/http://www.ntu.edu.sg/publicportal/about+ntu/giving+to+ntu/s+rajaratnam+professorship.htm |date=21 May 2008 }}<br /> * [http://www.tamilnation.org/hundredtamils/rajaratnam.htm S.Rajaratnam – One Hundred Tamils of 20th Century]<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-off}}<br /> {{s-new|office}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports|Minister for Culture]]<br /> | years = 5 June 1959 – 9 August 1965<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Othman Wok]]}}<br /> {{s-new|office}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title =[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]<br /> | years = 9 August 1965 – 1 June 1980<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[S. Dhanabalan]]}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Jek Yeun Thong]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Minister for Labour]]|years = 16 April 1968 – 5 July 1971}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Ong Pang Boon]]}}<br /> {{s-vac|last=[[Toh Chin Chye]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]<br /> | years = 2 January 1985 – 3 September 1988<br /> | alongside = [[Goh Keng Swee]], [[Ong Teng Cheong]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Goh Chok Tong]]}}<br /> {{s-new|office}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Senior Minister of Singapore|Senior Minister]]<br /> | years = 2 January 1985 – 3 September 1988<br /> }}<br /> {{s-vac|next=[[Lee Kuan Yew]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|1990}}}}<br /> {{s-par|sg}}<br /> {{s-new|constituency}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament&lt;br /&gt;for [[Kampong Glam Single Member Constituency|Kampong Glam SMC]]|years=1959–1991}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Loh Meng See]]}}<br /> {{s-par|my}}<br /> {{s-new|constituency}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[Dewan Rakyat]]&lt;br /&gt;for [[Singapore]]|years=1963–1965}}<br /> {{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{portalbar|Politics|Biography|Singapore}}<br /> {{Order of Lakandula recipients}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rajaratnam, Sinnathamby}}<br /> [[Category:1915 births]]<br /> [[Category:2006 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]<br /> [[Category:Raffles Institution alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:People's Action Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Singaporean people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent]]<br /> [[Category:Singaporean Tamil politicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jaffna]]<br /> [[Category:Singaporean agnostics]]<br /> [[Category:Singaporean Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Parliament of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Singaporean writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Singaporean journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Dewan Rakyat]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Darjah Utama Temasek]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers for labour of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Lakandula]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subhrakant_Panda&diff=537776 2026-03-15T05:02:22Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new new article - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Industrialist and President FICCI}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Subhrakant Panda<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Boston University Questrom School of Business]]}}<br /> | occupation = Industrialist<br /> | years_active = <br /> | organization = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works =<br /> | spouse = Shaifalika Panda&lt;ref name=&quot;BU1&quot;/&gt;<br /> | mother = [[Ila Panda]]<br /> | father = Bansidhar Panda<br /> | relatives = [[Baijayant Panda]] (sibling)<br /> | awards = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes =&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Man of priorities: Ficci, family biz and food, Panda has his focus clear |url=https://www.business-standard.com/industry/news/man-of-priorities-ficci-family-biz-and-food-panda-has-his-focus-clear-123050501048_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Arbind |title=IMFA sets ambitious expansion plans |url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/corporate-report/imfa-sets-ambitious-expansion-plans |website=Business India |language=en |date=8 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Know about all the new Appointment Current Affairs November 2022: Know the updated portfolios of various organisations with Appointment Current Affairs November 2022 eBook. |date=14 December 2022 |publisher=Testbook.com |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Know_about_all_the_new_Appointment_Curre/r72hEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=subhrakant+panda&amp;pg=PA10&amp;printsec=frontcover |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Subhrakant Panda''' is an industrialist, author and Managing Director of Indian Metals &amp; Ferro Alloys Ltd, producer of ferro alloys in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;BU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda |url=https://www.bu.edu/questrom/profiles/subhrakant-panda/ |website=ww.bu.edu |publisher=[[Boston University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Raghavan |first1=T. C. A. Sharad |title=Private investment happening, but Trump effect and increased discipline is creating a 'stop-start' effect: ex-FICCI president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/private-investment-happening-but-trump-effect-and-increased-discipline-is-creating-a-stop-start-effect-ex-ficci-president/article69943252.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IMFA to scale up ferrochrome capacity after Tata Steel unit deal – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/imfa-to-scale-up-ferrochrome-capacity-after-tata-steel-unit-deal-19745372.htm |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en |date=6 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Panda is the Ex president of the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce &amp; Industry]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=My City Links: January 2023 Issue |date=1 January 2023 |publisher=My City Links |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/My_City_Links_January_2023_Issue/xt6kEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=subhrakant+panda&amp;pg=PA7&amp;printsec=frontcover |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was only the third Indian to head the Paris-based International Chromium Development Association (ICDA).&lt;ref name=&quot;fi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mr Subhrakant Panda takes over as FICCI President |url=https://ficci.in/press_release_details/4633 |website=FICCI.in |publisher=[[FICCI]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507114545/https://ficci.in/press_release_details/4633 |archive-date=7 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cn&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=FICCI announces Indian Metals and Ferro Alloys' MD Subhrakant Panda as President Elect – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/subhrakant-panda-will-be-new-ficci-president-to-succeed-sanjiv-mehta-15074451.htm |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en |date=2 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also the former president of [[International Chamber of Commerce]] (India Chapter).&lt;ref name=&quot;WB&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background and career==<br /> [[File:Subhrakant Panda along with PM Modi in December 2025.jpg|thumb|Subhrakant Panda along with prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] in December 2025]]<br /> Subhrakant Panda was born to Bansidhar Panda and [[Ila Panda]] in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]. He has completed his schooling from Stewart School, Bhubaneswar and [[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram]], Delhi. In 1993, Subhrakant Panda graduated with honours from [[Boston University Questrom School of Business]] with a dual concentration in Finance and Operations Management; and was named to the [[Golden Key International Honour Society]] and [[Beta Gamma Sigma]] Honor Society for [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mishra |first1=Asit Ranjan |title='FICCI is focusing on start-ups' |url=https://www.rediff.com/business/special/subhrakant-panda-ficci-is-focusing-on-start-ups/20230519.htm |website=Rediff |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BU&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2021, Subhrakant Panda elected as senior VP [[FICCI]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda elevated as senior VP of FICCI |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/bhubaneswar/2021/Dec/19/subhrakant-panda-elevated-as-senior-vp-of-ficci-2397252.html |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=19 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in December 2022, he was elected as president of [[FICCI]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda elected FICCI president |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/subhrakant-panda-elected-ficci-president/articleshow/95261890.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been involved with India's oldest apex business chamber for more than two decades and served in various capacities such as the first chairman of the FICCI Odisha State Council and also led the FICCI National Manufacturing Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;cn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Panda was part of the [[FICCI]] Presidium before taking charges as president.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=IMFA MD Subhrakant Panda next president of FICCI |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2022/Nov/03/imfa-md-subhrakant-panda-next-president-of-ficci-2514432.html |website=The New Indian Express |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |date=3 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=PRASHANT MODI AND SUBHRAKANT PANDA TAKE OVER AS PRESIDENT &amp; VICE PRESIDENT OF ICC INDIA |url=https://iccindiaonline.org/media/7.pdf |website=Iccindiaonline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Panda was featured as a speaker at [[World Bank]] in 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;WB&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda |url=https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/s/Subhrakant-Panda |website=World Bank Live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mr Panda is also the independent director of notable companies such as JK Tyres &amp; Industries Limited, Paradeep Phosphates Ltd., and [[Goa Carbon Limited]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda Board of Director Membership {{!}} BlinkX |url=https://blinkx.in/insights/subhrakant-panda |website=blinkx.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Social work==<br /> Subhrakant Panda is a Trustee of the Bansidhar and Ila Panda Foundation, named after his parents Bansidhar &amp; Ila Panda. Panda along with the foundation works in the domain of Education,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Six recipients of Prof Ghanashyam Dash scholarship felicitated |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2025/Jun/15/six-recipients-of-prof-ghanashyam-dash-scholarship-felicitated |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=15 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Health, Water &amp; Sanitation, Livelihood, and Advocacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;BU1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Making holistic change: Subhrakant (Questrom'93) and Shaifalika Panda (Questrom'92) {{!}} Alumni &amp; Friends |url=https://www.bu.edu/alumni/2020/06/15/alumni-profile-holistic-change-with-subhrakant-questrom93-and-shaifalika-panda-questrom92/ |website=www.bu.edu |publisher=[[Boston University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Odisha: Ferro Alloys says closure of mines will force company to discontinue CSR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/odisha-ferro-alloys-says-closure-of-mines-will-force-company-to-discontinue-csr-4676848/ |website=The Indian Express |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |date=27 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards and recognitions==<br /> *Business Eminence Awards 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Odisha most favoured investment hub: Subhrakant Panda – Business Eminence Awards |url=https://businesseminenceawards.com/odisha-most-favoured-investment-hub-subhrakant-panda/ |website=businesseminenceawards.com |date=17 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *CAII Annual Dinner &amp; Awards 2024 – CEO of the Year (Heavy Industry)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Subhrakant Panda – CEO of the Year – Heavy Industry – CAII Annual Dinner and Awards 2024 – CEO's Association for Inclusive India |url=https://caii.skoch.in/activities/caii-annual-dinner-and-awards/2024/subhrakant-panda |website=caii.skoch.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Read more==<br /> *[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/indias-critical-minerals-push-gathers-steam/articleshow/123044938.cms India’s critical minerals push gathers steam]<br /> *[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/indias-journey-towards-energy-independence-by-2047/article65882625.ece India’s journey towards energy independence by 2047]<br /> *[https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/2021/Jul/15/pandemic-lessons-health-is-finally-getting-its-due-2330398.html Pandemic lessons: Health is finally getting its due]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Panda, Subhrakant}}<br /> [[Category:Indian businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Indian industrialists]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Cuttack]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monditoka_Jagan_Mohana_Rao&diff=518343 2026-03-15T02:29:29Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: Creating</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Monditoka Jagan Mohana Rao<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 1966<br /> | birth_place = [[Nandigama]]<br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | years_active = <br /> | party = [[YSR Congress Party]]<br /> | spouse = Peddada Rama Devi<br /> | alma_mater = [[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Monditoka Jagan Mohana Rao''' (born 1966) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]], who won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Nandigama Assembly constituency|Nandigama Constituency]], which is reserved for SC community in [[Krishna district]] on [[YSR Congress Party]] ticket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nandigama Constituency Election Results 2019: Nandigama Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates &amp; Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/nandigama |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; YSRCP nominated him to contest the Nandigama seat for the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly Election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srikanth |first=S. Guru |date=2023-03-06 |title=YSRC, TDP aim for a clean sweep in Krishna district in 2024 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/Mar/06/ysrc-tdp-aim-for-a-clean-sweep-in-krishna-districtin-2024-2553575.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Mohana Rao was born in Rytupet, [[Nandigama]], Krishna district. He is a, doctor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2019-03-21 |title=12 contestants hold no degree, or have never attended college |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/12-contestants-hold-no-degree-or-have-never-attended-college/article26601831.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He married Peddada Rama Devi, a gynaecologist. He has two children, Siva Sai Krishna, Krishna Sameer. He completed his MD in 2005 from Guntur Medical College, affiliated to [[NTR University of Health Sciences]], Vijayawada.[https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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]<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Mohana Rao started his political journey with the [[Indian National Congress]] Party but later joined YSRCP. He was elected as MLA from Nandigama Constituency representing YSRCP in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] defeating [[Tangirala Sowmya]] of TDP by 10,881 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nandigama Assembly Election 2024: Nandigama Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/nandigama-constituency-result-1083 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He received good comments about his work in the constituency even by rival [[Telugu Desam Party]] MP [[Kesineni Nani]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ఇద్దరు వైసీపీ ఎమ్మెల్యేలతో నాలుగేళ్ల పరిచయం.. ఎంపీ టికెట్ ఇవ్వకపోతే అంటూ కేశినేని నాని కామెంట్స్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada/mp-kesineni-nani-again-praises-nandigama-mla-monditoka-jagan-mohan-rao/articleshow/100414427.cms |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also did a padayatra in February 2020 to support the three capital policy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-22 |title=Vaartha Online Edition %%page%% %%primary_category%% -ఏపీ వికేంద్రీకరణకు మద్ధతుగా ఎమ్మెల్యే పాదయ |url=https://www.vaartha.com/ysrcp-mla-monditoka-jagan-mohana-rao-paadayatra-in-support-to-cm-ys-jagan-decentralization/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Vaartha |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jagan Mohana Rao, Manditoka}}<br /> [[Category:1966 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Institute_of_Sugarcane_Research&diff=504087 2026-03-14T11:45:16Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: adding some stub first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Research center in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Indian Sugarcane Research Institute, Lucknow <br /> | native_name = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | latin_name = <br /> | mottoeng = An efficient, globally competitive and vibrant sugarcane agriculture <br /> | established =1952 <br /> | closed = <br /> | type = Registered Society<br /> | affiliation = <br /> | endowment = <br /> | budget = <br /> | director = <br /> | chairman Dr. Rasappa Viswanathan = <br /> | chancellor = <br /> | president = <br /> | students = <br /> | city = [[Lucknow]]<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | province = <br /> | country = India<br /> | campus = <br /> | former_names = <br /> | free_label = <br /> | free = <br /> | athletics = <br /> | colours = <br /> | sports = <br /> | nickname = IISR<br /> | mascot = <br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.iisr.nic.in/|IISR}}<br /> | logo = Cut sugarcane.jpg<br /> | footnotes = Cut Sugarcane<br /> | image_name = Logo of Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research.jpg<br /> | punch line = <br /> | director_general = <br /> | administrative_staff = 166<br /> | coor = {{Coord|26|48|14|N|80|56|06|E|}}<br /> | colors = <br /> | affiliations = <br /> }}<br /> [[File:276 Beta vulgaris L.jpg|thumb|{{center|Sugar beet (''Beta vulgaris'' L)}}]]<br /> '''The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research''' (acronym: '''IISR''')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.acronymattic.com/IISR.html IISR, what does IISR stand for - Acronym Attic&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; is an autonomous institute of higher learning, under the umbrella of [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/325 ICAR Institutions, Deemed Universities, National Research Centres, National Bureaux &amp; Directorate/Project Directorates | Indian Council of Agricultural Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; by the [[Ministry of Agriculture]], [[Government of India]] for advanced research in [[sugar cane]] [[agriculture]]. The Institute is located on [[Raibareli]] Road, [[Dilkusha, Lucknow|Dilkusha]] (Post Office) in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. While, The Central Sugarcane Research Institute established in 1912  is located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. It works also under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.<br /> <br /> == Profile ==<br /> &lt;!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Official logo of ICAR.png|left|100px]] --&gt;<br /> {{Agriculture}}<br /> The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) owes its origin to the recommendations of the erstwhile ''The'' ''Indian Central Sugarcane Committee'' for advanced research on all aspects of sugarcane cultivation except breeding and coordination of sugarcane researches across the country. The foundation stone of the institute was laid on 16 February 1952&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12355-009-0001-0# | doi=10.1007/s12355-009-0001-0 | title=Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow: Envisioning improved sugarcane production technology for high yields and high sugar recovery in India | date=2009 | last1=Yadav | first1=R. L. | last2=Yadav | first2=D. V. | last3=Sharma | first3=A. K. | last4=Singh | first4=G. K. | journal=Sugar Tech | volume=11 | pages=1–11 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; under the administrative control of the Indian Central Sugarcane Committee. It was brought directly under the [[Government of India]] on 1 January 1954&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBjxRJ6VIvM Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow at a glance – YouTube&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; and later on it was entrusted to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) on 1 April 1969 along with other agriculture based research institutions.<br /> <br /> The Institute is an ISO 9001 accredited agency and has three regional stations for nationwide coverage of its activities.<br /> <br /> '''IISR Regional Centre, [[Motipur, Muzaffarpur|Motipur]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]]''':&lt;ref name=autogenerated4&gt;[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/7121 Regional Centre, Motipur, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) of Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research celebrated Silver jubilee | Indian Council of Agricultural Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; The Centre was the research station of the ''Sugarcane Breeding Institute'', [[Coimbatore]] when it was established in 1988 but was brought under IISR on 25 April 2004. The Centre focuses its attention on the development of sugarcane varieties, evaluation of waterlogging tolerance, [[red rot]] resistance and mechanization of sugarcane cultivation.<br /> <br /> The Centre has developed several varieties of sugarcane for distribution and is involved in breeder seed development of improved varieties.<br /> <br /> '''Sugarbeet Research and Development at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow''': This Institute is also specialized for [[sugarbeet]], which has wide tolerance levels and is cultivable for extended seasons. IISR has developed various agrotechniques for tropical and subtropical cultivation of sugarbeet, developed mechanized methods of sowing, crop raising and harvesting and standardised seed production technology. The centre also maintains training facilities on maintenance of germplasm, seed production, root crop production, plant protection and region-specific mechanization.<br /> <br /> IISR has a Biological Control Centre, at Pravaranagar in [[Maharashtra]].<br /> <br /> ==Divisions==<br /> {{quotebox|align = left|qalign = center|width = 25em|'''Vision'''&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iisr.nic.in/download/publications/CitizenCharter.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-03 |archive-date=2014-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624051919/http://iisr.nic.in/download/publications/CitizenCharter.doc |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An efficient, globally competitive and vibrant sugarcane agriculture.&lt;br /&gt;'''Mission'''&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enhancement of sugarcane productivity, profitability and sustainability to meet future sugar and energy requirement of India.}}<br /> {{quotebox|align = left|width=25em|{{center|'''Mandate''':&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;}}The Institute is mandated with the responsibility to:<br /> * conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of production and protection techniques of sugarcane and sugar crops.<br /> * work on breeding of varieties for subtropical region in close collaboration with Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore. <br /> * develop linkages with State Agricultural Universities, Research Centres and other organizations for collaborative research, exchange of information and material.<br /> * provide training, consultancy and advisory services to farmers, industries and other users at regional, national and international levels.}}<br /> <br /> ===Division of Crop Improvement===<br /> <br /> The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research hosted a ''Botany and Breeding Unit'' for Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore during the sixties and, in 1969, the unit was transferred to IISR. In 1989, the unit was renamed the Division of Crop Improvement.<br /> <br /> The Division focusses its attention on advanced research on sugar crops such as [[sugarcane]] and [[sugarbeet]] and has been successful in developing many improved varieties such as CoLk 8001, CoLk 8102, CoLk 94184 and CoLk 9709, which are known to have high cane yield, sugar content, [[red rot]] and top borer resistance and better water logging tolerance.&lt;ref name=autogenerated4 /&gt; It also produces breeder seed and is also a DUS testing centre of sugarcane.<br /> <br /> '''Mandate''': The Division has a set mandate to develop superior sugarcane varieties and breeding and genetic stocks, prescription of biotechnological techniques and documentation and evaluation sugarcane [[germplasm]].<br /> <br /> '''Facilities''': The Division is equipped with a [[Molecular Biology]] and [[Biotechnology]] Lab, a [[Cytogenetics]] Lab, a DUS Testing Facility, a Glass house and a Poly house.<br /> <br /> ===Division of Crop Production===<br /> <br /> Division of Crop Production, an original division since the inception of IISR 1952, is involved in developing modern technology for sugarcane production in the sub tropical regions. Efforts are on to marry [[agronomy]], [[soil science]] and [[microbiology]] for improving sugarcane processing including [[Jaggery|gur]] and [[jaggery]] production.<br /> <br /> Major achievements of the Division include ring-pit method of sugarcane planting, skip-furrow method of irrigation, nutrient, water and weed management package in sugarcane production. It looks after the disciplines of Agronomy, Soil Science and [[Agricultural Chemistry]], Agricultural Microbiology and Extension and Training.<br /> <br /> ===Division of Crop Protection===<br /> <br /> {{Nutritional value<br /> | name =Cane juice&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cane Juice Nutrition Information |year=2011 |publisher=WH Foods |url=http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrientprofile&amp;dbid=77 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804074647/http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrientprofile&amp;dbid=77 |archivedate=4 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | image = [[File:Sugarcanejuice.jpg|200px]]<br /> | caption = Freshly squeezed sugarcane juice.<br /> | serving_size =28.35 grams<br /> | kJ=111.13<br /> | protein=0.27 g<br /> | fat=<br /> | carbs=27.51 g<br /> | fiber=<br /> | sugars= 26.98 g<br /> | glucose=<br /> | fructose=<br /> | iron_mg=0.37<br /> | calcium_mg=11.23<br /> | magnesium_mg=<br /> | phosphorus_mg=<br /> | potassium_mg= 41.96<br /> | sodium_mg = 17.01<br /> | zinc_mg=<br /> | vitA_ug =<br /> | vitC_mg=<br /> | pantothenic_mg=<br /> | vitB6_mg=<br /> | vitK_ug =<br /> | folate_ug=<br /> | thiamin_mg=<br /> | riboflavin_mg=<br /> | niacin_mg=<br /> | float=right<br /> | note = Nutrient Information from ESHA Research<br /> | source_usda=0<br /> }}<br /> The Institute had four sections, ''[[Agronomy]]'', ''Sugarcane [[Mycology]]'', ''Sugarcane [[Entomology]]'' and ''[[Agricultural Engineering]]'', when it started in 1952. Four years later, two more sections, ''[[Soil Science]] and [[Agricultural Chemistry]]'' and ''[[Plant Physiology]]'', were added. One more section, ''Botany and Breeding'' came into existence in 1969. In 2001, two exiting divisions ''Plant Pathology and Entomology'' were merged to form the Division of Crop Protection.<br /> <br /> The Basic objective of the Division is to conduct advanced research on diseases and pest management of sugarcane and other sugar crops. The Division concentrates on areas such as [[Plant Pathology]] with special emphasis on [[Colletotrichum falcatum]], techniques for inducing resistance for sugarcane, use of bio-agents against crop diseases such as ''yellow leaf virus disease'', pragmatic use of chemicals in disease management, variable analysis of [[pathogens]] such as [[Smut (fungus)|Smut]], GSD, ''Mosaic'', sugarcane borers, [[termite]] and [[white grub]], Entomology and introducing [[parasitoids]] in sugarcane agro-ecosystem to combat pests.<br /> <br /> ===Division of Physiology and Biochemistry===<br /> <br /> {{multiple image<br /> | width = 150<br /> | align = left<br /> | direction = vertical<br /> | footer = Brown (top) and white sugar crystals.<br /> | image1 = Sa brownsugar.jpg<br /> | alt1 =<br /> | image2 = Sugar 2xmacro.jpg<br /> | alt2 =<br /> }}<br /> The Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry was originally named ''Physiology Section'' started in 1958, but was later elevated to the status of a Division with the new name. The Division attends to the studies on [[Tiller (botany)|tillering]], [[germination]], moisture stress, artificial ripening of crops, seed technology, enhancement of sucrose content, [[bioethanol]] production and management of post harvest losses.<br /> <br /> ===Division of Agricultural Engineering===<br /> <br /> The Division of Agricultural Engineering evolved out of a small workshop, started in 1952 at the inception of the Institute, for [[machining]] and [[Fabrication (metal)|fabrication]] of tools and equipment and has now grown to be a centre for strategic research on mechanization, water management and post harvest technology of sugarcane and sugar crops.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.indg.in/agriculture/crop_production_techniques/sugarcane-technologies.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621025928/http://www.indg.in/agriculture/crop_production_techniques/sugarcane-technologies.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-21 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It coordinates with the State Agricultural Universities and other research Centres and provides training, consultancy and advisory services to farmers and other users at national and international levels.&lt;ref&gt;[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Indian-Institute-of-Sugarcane-Research-offers-technical-support-to-sugar-mills/articleshow/14396636.cms Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research offers technical support to sugar mills – The Times of India&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Jaggery Unit===<br /> <br /> [[File:A video of Sugarcane juice extraction.ogv|thumb|A video of Sugarcane juice extraction]]<br /> The Jaggery Unit is the residue of an erstwhile All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Processing, Handling and Storage of Jaggery and [[Sugar|Khandsari sugar]] when the Project was moved to CIPHET [[Ludhiana]], leaving the research on jaggery stayed back at IISR. The Unit is a platform for research on improving technology of sugarcane processing for juice, jaggery and value added products. The main aim is to develop cost, energy efficient ways to produce and store jaggery.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; The Unit is equipped with:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Facility !! Equipment || Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | vertical and horizontal crushers || Vacuum oven || Mechanical jaggery drier<br /> |-<br /> | Furnace house || Texture analyzer || Band sealer with nitrogen flushing<br /> |-<br /> | Jaggery drying-cum-storage warehouse || [[Hot air oven]] || Digital refractometer<br /> |-<br /> | Laboratory crushers || Bomb [[calorimeter]] || [[Dehumidifier]]<br /> |-<br /> | Environment control chamber || [[Anemometer]] || Refrigerator<br /> |-<br /> | Juice sampling facility || Colour meter || [[pH meter]]<br /> |-<br /> | Land for growing vegetative clarificants || || Shrink wrapping machine<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Farm Section===<br /> <br /> IISR maintains a farm, with an extent of 186.50 hectares out of which 125.15 hectares is under research cultivation and is equipped with 13 tube wells and farm equipment including 7 tractors. The Farm produces high quality sugarcane seeds and other produces such as [[wheat]], [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]], [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] and [[legume|gram]]. It also sells produces such as Sugarcane, Wheat, Paddy, Gram, Mustard, Cane juice, [[Aegle marmelos|Bael]], Awanla and [[Mango]] commercially for revenue generation.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; Through its activities, the Farm Unit helps IISR research on field experimentation.<br /> <br /> ===Research Coordination and Management Unit===<br /> <br /> RCM Unit is the documentation hub of IISR and maintains a database of research projects and project documentation and reports to ICAR as prescribed. The Unit is also responsible for the dissemination of information and the preparation of annual reports, newsletters, technical bulletins and brochures.<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> <br /> ===Soil, Water and Plant Sample Analysis Facility===<br /> <br /> This is a microbiological laboratory facility for analysis of soil, water and plant samples. It is open to the Institute and outside users have to pay for the services.<br /> <br /> ===Juice Quality Control Laboratory===<br /> <br /> The JQC laboratory is equipped with Auto-Pol 800 and Rapi-Pol extractor for sugarcane and sugarbeet juice quality analysis to check oBrix, pol% juice, purity quotient, reducing sugars, dextran content and fibre content.<br /> <br /> ===Agrometeorology Laboratory===<br /> <br /> The laboratory was originally a part of the Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry when it started in 1992 but, two years later, it was given independent status and the met yard was also merged with it. It assesses the weather fluctuations and climatic changes and analyses their impact on sugarcane production and quality.<br /> <br /> ===Library===<br /> <br /> IISR Library is a well stocked one with a collection of 10143 books, 390 periodicals, 18,000 volumes along with research journals, annual reports, these and [[monographs]], some of them rare, on sugarcane and related topics. It also maintains a digital library and the users also have access to journals on CeRA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cera.iari.res.in/ |title=CeRA {{!}} Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture, India&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=3 July 2014 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625205318/http://cera.iari.res.in/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; web site.<br /> <br /> ==All India Coordinated Project for Research==<br /> {{quotebox|align = left|width=25em|{{center|'''Mandate''':&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iisr.nic.in/aboutinstitute/aicrp.htm |title=Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2014-07-03 |archive-date=2018-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102145507/http://iisr.nic.in/aboutinstitute/aicrp.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}The project is mandated with the responsibility to:<br /> * Evaluate locally adapted sugarcane varieties with improved yield and quality as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. <br /> * Develop a package of practices for higher cane sugar production. <br /> * Develop low cost technologies for sugarcane production. <br /> * Intensify and extend the networking facility and information generation for transfer of technology to the farmers and sugar industry.}}<br /> {{quotebox|align = right|width=25em|{{center|'''Objectives''':&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;/&gt;}}The main objectives of the project are:<br /> * To coordinate multilocation testing of [[germplasm]] and advance breeding materials for evaluating appropriate region/location specific improved varieties. <br /> * To organize and conduct strategic and applied research of inter-disciplinary nature for evolving appropriate region/location specific package of practices for crop production. <br /> * To develop region or location specific strategies for integrated disease and pest management. <br /> Enhancement and maintenance of disease free nucleus seed material for distribution to the cooperating organizations. <br /> * To disseminate generated information and technology.}}<br /> Coordinated research activity started in India in 1929 when the then Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, forerunner of the present [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]], recommended study on sugarcane and sugar industry. In 1971, ICAR set up an All India Coordinated Project for Research (AICRP) on sugarcane with IISR as the base.<br /> <br /> Efforts at the ''All India Coordinated Project for Research on sugarcane'' is dedicated to the sugarcane cultivation in different parts of the country where the agro-climatic conditions differ from region to region. The project provides a strong infrastructure for the research activities through its various research centres at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research institutes, State Agricultural universities,&lt;ref&gt;[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Chandra-Shekhar-Azad-University-signs-MoU-with-Indian-Institute-of-Sugarcane-Research/articleshow/12738109.cms Chandra Shekhar Azad University signs MoU with Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research – The Times of India&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://mewaruniversity.org/uploads/files/IISR.pdf Mewar University and Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) Collaborative Programme] &lt;/ref&gt; State Departments of Agriculture&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://upcsr.org/CouncilS_Research_1.htm |title=Welcome To - UPCSR&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125123/http://upcsr.org/CouncilS_Research_1.htm |archive-date=2014-07-14 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Non Government Organizations]], spread all over the country.<br /> <br /> ==Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit==<br /> In 1995, IISR started an ''Agriculture Research Information System'' section under the National Agricultural Technology Project for augmenting the communication facilities of the Institute.&lt;ref&gt;[http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/national-agriculture-technology-project-natp National Agriculture Technology Project (NATP) | agropedia&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, the section was renamed as ''Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit''.{{fact|date=May 2023}}<br /> <br /> Over the years, the section equipped the Institute with modern computing and communication infrastructure consisting of a network of 200 nodes and 120 computers, a Local Area Network based on optical fibre cabling, a series of servers such as Web Server, Mail Exchange, Internet Proxy and Application Server, 100 Mbit/s leased line and connectivity with National Knowledge Network project of Government of India, as a nodal centre.{{fact|date=May 2023}}<br /> <br /> AKMU is active in the research on designing and sampling sugarcane experiments, performance, production constraints and price policies of sugarcane cropping, statistical support to the scientists, in-house development of required computer software, network and system administration, MIS, gathering market intelligence and other activities related to the dynamics of sugarcane and sugar production.{{fact|date=May 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Krishi Vigyan Kendra==<br /> The Krishi Vigyan Kendra is an ICAR initiative&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.icar.org.in/en/krishi-vigyan-kendra.htm Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) | Indian Council of Agricultural Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; for efforts to assist the farming community for the betterment of agricultural production and overall socio economic development of the community. Several KVK centres are functioning with their bases at various ICAR institutes and the KVK in IISR was established in 1999. The centre was formed with an aim to serve the farming community by delivering demand driven services with the assistance of qualified professionals. It was set with a mandate to assess, refine, demonstrate and introduce modern technologies and products to the farming community. The centre hosts a [[Vermicompost]] Unit, [[Bee keeping]] facility, a Technology Park, a Pashu Chokolate Production Unit and a Nutritional Kitchen Garden.<br /> <br /> The major achievements of the KVK is listed by IISR as:&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20140707132825/http://www.iisr.nic.in/aboutinstitute/kvk.htm Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Introduction of tissue culture [[banana]].<br /> * Propagation of intercropping techniques for vegetables under banana cultivation. <br /> * Large scale sowing of wheat with the assistance of machinery.<br /> * Introduction of intercropping of [[wheat]] and [[rice]]<br /> * Propagation of improved variety of [[oilseeds]] and [[pulses]] crops <br /> * Techniques for [[potato]] processing at farmers' fields.<br /> * Nutritional kitchen garden at farmer's field. <br /> * [[Fruit fly control|Fruit fly]] management in [[mango]] crop.<br /> * Popularization of the production of value added products such as making [[Pickles in India and Pakistan|pickles]], murabba, [[Squash (drink)|squash]], [[candy]], [[chutney]], [[sauce]], [[Potato chips|chips]], [[french fries]] etc.<br /> * Use of sugarbeet as a fodder crop.<br /> * Introduction of several hybrid varieties of [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]].<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Usdaeinkorn1 Triticum monococcum.jpg|Triticum monococcum spikelets<br /> File:Nedravazhakola.jpg|Nendran banana<br /> File:Patates.jpg|Different potato varieties<br /> Image:Phaseolus vulgaris seed.jpg|Phaseolus vulgaris seeds<br /> Image:Guntur Mango.jpg|Banganpalli mangoes<br /> File:Rice p1160004.jpg|Pre-steamed long rice<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Publications==<br /> IISR has brought out several publications of which some of the notable ones are:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iisr.nic.in/download/books.htm |title=Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=3 July 2014 |archive-date=23 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623202516/http://iisr.nic.in/download/books.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = Manual for Sugar analysis<br /> |author1=V. K. Madan |author2=S. R. Misra |author3=Namita Soni |author4=S. Solomon | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = Pre-milling Sugar and their Management in sugarcane<br /> |author1=A. K. Srivastava |author2=B. L. Srivastava |author3=V. K. Madan | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = Sugar Production in 21st century, exploring potential of high sugar early ripening varieties<br /> |author1=A. K. Srivastava |author2=H. N. Shahi |author3=S. Solomon |author4=Jagdish Lal |author5=N. Kulshrestha | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = 50 years of sugarcane research in India - 2000<br /> |author1=H. N. Shahi |author2=A. K. Srivastava |author3=O. K. Sinha | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = Cane management &amp; development in Sugar Mills Reserved Zone<br /> |author1=R. L. Yadav |author2=D. V. Yadav |author3=R. P. Verma | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | url = <br /> | title = Red Rot of Sugarcane<br /> | author = S. K. Duttamajumder<br /> | year = <br /> | publisher = Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research<br /> | isbn = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> {{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br /> * [[Agroecological restoration]]<br /> * [[Agroecosystem]]<br /> * [[Agroecosystem analysis]]<br /> * [[Ecology]]<br /> * [[Organic agriculture]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Official website}}<br /> * [https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Indian_Institute_of_Sugarcane_Research IISR] on [[ResearchGate]]<br /> * [http://www.asti.cgiar.org/node/2041 IISR] on ASTI-[[CGIAR]]<br /> <br /> {{Higher education in India}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Agroecology]]<br /> [[Category:Agricultural research institutes in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Higher education in India]]<br /> [[Category:Sugar industry in India]]<br /> [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]<br /> [[Category:Sugar organizations]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes in Lucknow]]<br /> [[Category:1952 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1952]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olga_Tellis_v._Bombay_Municipal_Corporation&diff=522877 2026-03-12T12:46:34Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: created basic info v1...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1985 case in the Supreme Court of India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox court case<br /> | name = Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation<br /> | court = [[Supreme Court of India]]<br /> | image = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | imagelink = <br /> | imagealt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | full name = Olga Tellis and Ors. v. Bombay Municipal Corporation and Ors.<br /> | date decided = 10 July 1985<br /> | citations = 1985 SCC (3) 545; [https://digiscr.sci.gov.in/view_judgment?id=NTQ4MQ== 1985 INSC 151]<br /> | ECLI = <br /> | transcripts = <br /> | judges = <br /> | number of judges = <br /> | decision by = <br /> | concurring = <br /> | dissenting = <br /> | concur/dissent = <br /> | prior actions = <br /> | appealed from = <br /> | appealed to = <br /> | subsequent actions = <br /> | related actions = <br /> | opinions = The right to life under Article 21 of the [[Constitution of India]] includes the right to livelihood.<br /> | keywords = &lt;!-- {{hlist | }} --&gt;<br /> | italic title = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Olga Tellis &amp; Ors vs Bombay Municipal Corporation &amp; Ors. Etc.''''' (1986 AIR 180, 1985 SCR Supl. (2) 51) was a 1985 case in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. It came before the Court as a written petition by pavement and slum dwellers in [[Bombay]] (Now Mumbai), seeking to be allowed to stay on the pavements against their order of eviction during the monsoon months by the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|Bombay Municipal Corporation.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thirty years after a landmark Supreme Court verdict, slum dwellers' rights are still ignored|url=https://scroll.in/article/776655/thirty-years-after-a-landmark-supreme-court-verdict-slum-dwellers-rights-are-still-ignored|last=Tellis|first=Olga|website=Scroll.in|date=21 December 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Judgement ==<br /> The then [[Chief Justice of India]], [[Y.V. Chandrachud]] delivered the unanimous judgement by the five-judge bench consisting of himself, and justices A.V. Varadarajan, [[O. Chinnappa Reddy]], [[Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali]], and [[V.D. Tulzapurkar]]. Some main points include:<br /> <br /> * &quot;For the purposes of argument, we will assume the factual correctness of the premises that if the petitioners are evicted from their dwellings, they will be deprived of their livelihood. Upon that assumption, the question which we have to consider is whether the right to life includes the right to livelihood, We see only one answer to that question, namely, that it does. The sweep of the right to life conferred by Art. 21 is wide and far-reaching... That, which alone makes it possible to live, leave aside what makes life liveable, must be deemed to be an integral component of the right to life.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/709776/|title=Olga Tellis &amp; Ors vs Bombay Municipal Corporation &amp; ... on 10 July, 1985|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2016-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * &quot;Two conclusions emerge from this discussion: one, that the right to life which is conferred by Art. 21 includes the right to livelihood and two, that it is established that if the petitioners are evicted from their dwellings, they will be deprived of their livelihood. But the Constitution does not put an absolute embargo on the deprivation of life or personal liberty. By Art. 21, such deprivation has to be according to procedure established by law&quot; <br /> * &quot;In order to minimise the hardship involved in any eviction, we direct that the slums, wherever situated, will not be removed until one month after the end of the current monsoon season...&quot;<br /> <br /> == Enforcement of the Decision and Outcome ==<br /> The pavement dwellers were evicted without resettlement. Since 1985, the principles in this case have been affirmed in many subsequent decisions, leading to large-scale evictions without resettlement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/re-reading-olga-tellis-and-ors-v-bombay-municipal-corporation-as-petitioner-completes-50-years-in-journalism/|title=Re-reading 'Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corp' as Petitioner completes 50|last=livelaw|date=2015-08-13|website=Live Law|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, in the Narmada dam cases, adequate resettlement was ordered but most affected evictees have not been properly resettled and the majority of the Court declined to examine the extent to which their judgment was enforced: see ''[[Narmada Slay Andolan]] v. Union of [[India]]'' (2000) 10 SCC 664&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2006/olga-tellis-ors-v-bombay-municipal-council-1985-2-supp-scr-51|title=Olga Tellis &amp; Ors v Bombay Municipal Council [1985] 2 Supp SCR 51. {{!}} ESCR-Net|website=www.escr-net.org|access-date=2016-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance of the case ==<br /> Reflecting on the contradictory nature of the case, Olga Tellis commented: &quot;Ironically, the case helped the propertied classes; lawyers often cite the case to justify eviction of tenants and slum dwellers. But it also helps the slum dwellers; the Government can't evict them summarily. The case also spawned a lot of interest in fighting for housing as a fundamental right but if you were a pavement dweller, it is just not enough.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=nvxLHDR6f_kC Taylor, Rupert - Third Sector Research] | Pages 290-291.&lt;/ref&gt; This case is widely quoted as exemplifying the use of civil and political rights to advance social rights but it is also criticized due to its failure to provide for the right to resettlement. It is also inconsistent with developments in other jurisdictions, where courts have found stronger rights to resettlement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/709776/|title=Article 21 in The Constitution of India 1949|website=indiankanoon.org<br /> |access-date=11 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]<br /> [[Category:1985 in Indian law]]<br /> [[Category:1985 in case law]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garuda_(2022_film)&diff=499992 2026-03-04T14:22:31Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description| Indian Kannada film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Garuda <br /> | image = Garuda (2022 film).jpg<br /> | caption =Film poster <br /> | director = Dhana Kumar K <br /> | writer = Siddharth Mahesh<br /> | producer = B K Raja Reddy &lt;br/&gt; Kishore A &lt;br/&gt; Prasad Reddy S<br /> | starring = Siddharth Mahesh&lt;br/&gt;[[Srinagara Kitty]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Aindrita Ray]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ashika Rangnath]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = [[Raghu Dixit]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: The music in Garuda is loud, hard-hitting and expansive: Raghu Dixit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/exclusive-the-music-in-garuda-is-loud-hard-hitting-and-expansive-raghu-dixit/articleshow/91619463.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=18 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018060308/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/exclusive-the-music-in-garuda-is-loud-hard-hitting-and-expansive-raghu-dixit/articleshow/91619463.cms |url-status=live |last1=Ashraf |first1=Fathima}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | cinematography = Jai Anand<br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = Orange Pixels <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|05|20}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Garuda''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by Dhana Kumar. K and written by Siddharth Mahesh. It stars Siddharth Mahesh, [[Srinagar Kitty]], [[Aindrita Ray]] and [[Ashika Rangnath]]. While [[Raghu Dixit]] composed the soundtrack and background score, cinematography was handled by Jai Anand.<br /> <br /> ==Premise==<br /> Ram runs a restaurant in [[Goa]] with Anu and Shankranna, where he gets in contact with an [[Covert operation|undercover]] [[Anti-Terrorism Squad|ATS]] officer Bharath Bhargav, who is in lookout for Kalinga, a notorious smuggler running an illegal arms trade with the terrorists. While Bharath begins investigating about Kalinga, he finds that some of the terrorists were targeted and killed by Ram and also learns about Ram's past as Vikram and his true motive. It turns out Ram's Real name is [[Lieutenant commander|Lt. Commander]] Vikram Kumar a [[Special forces of India|Special Forces]] [[MARCOS|Commando]] of the [[Indian Navy]] also attached to [[Special Group (India)|Special Group Force]] of the [[Research and Analysis Wing]]. Lt. Cmdr. Vikram is set on mission both for vengenece from the man who killed his family and is also threat for National Security.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *Siddharth Mahesh as Ram/ Lt. Cdr Vikram Kumar Indian Navy Marcos Commando<br /> *[[Srinagara Kitty]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Sampath<br /> *[[Aindrita Ray]] as Anu<br /> *[[Ashika Rangnath]] as Pooja<br /> *[[Rajesh Nataranga]] as Bharath Bharghav<br /> *[[Rangayana Raghu]] as Shankranna<br /> *[[Kamna Jethmalani|Kamna Jetmalani]]<br /> *[[P. Ravishankar]] as Surya Prathap<br /> *Sujay Shastry as Raju<br /> *[[Adi Lokesh]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack album has five singles composed by [[Raghu Dixit]], and released on Raghu Dixit Music.<br /> {{Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 18:27<br /> | headline = Garuda (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<br /> | title1 = Jaago Re Jaago Re<br /> | extra1 = Hrithik Siddachar<br /> | length1 = 4:02<br /> | title2 = Ee Seethege<br /> | extra2 = Sruthi V. S, [[Raghu Dixit]]<br /> | length2 = <br /> | title3 = Kanna Mucchale <br /> | extra3 = Sruthi V. S, [[Nakul Abhyankar]]<br /> | length3 = <br /> | title4 = Mad For You Dear<br /> | extra4 = [[Aishwarya Rangarajan]]<br /> | length4 = <br /> | title5 = Garuda Theme<br /> | extra5 = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]<br /> | length5 =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''Garuda'' was released on 20 May 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Garuda release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/may/12/garuda-will-be-out-in-theatres-on-may-20-31424.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Garuda will be out in theatres on May 20 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/may/12/garuda-will-be-out-intheatres-on-may-20-2452432.html |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531094403/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/may/12/garuda-will-be-out-intheatres-on-may-20-2452432.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> A Sharadhaa from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote &quot;Rangayana Raghu too has a significant role to play, but the highlight of Garuda is Srinagar Kitty. His character as a kadak police officer makes a strong presence. Garuda is recommended to those who love to see a mix of action-revenge, love, and family sentiments, and for those who had particularly missed Kitty’s presence on the silver screen&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/May/21/kitty-shines-in-this-regularaction-revenge-entertainer-2455982.html |title=Kitty shines in this regular action- revenge entertainer |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=21 May 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002021526/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/may/21/kitty-shines-in-this-regularaction-revenge-entertainer-2455982.amp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harish Basavarajaiah of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and says &quot;Srinagara Kitty gives a solid performance and has a good role after a while. Aindrita Ray and Ashika Ranganath are limited, mostly to songs and a few scenes. Kamna Jethmalani, Rangayana Raghu and Ramesh Bhat have performed well. Adi Lokesh is a tad loud, but effective as the villain. The songs from Raghu Dixit fail to leave a mark. Garuda does touch upon some pertinent issues and could be a one-time watch&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/garuda/movie-review/91739092.cms |title=Garuda Movie Review : This 'Garuda' has his eyes on the evil forces |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 May 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2022 |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727061716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/garuda/movie-review/91739092.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Pratibha Joy of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote &quot;Garuda is old wine in a new bottle as far as the revenge element of the story goes. Although there is family drama, romance, comedy and action, this one’s for those who like their staple fare of commercial cinema. If that is not your cup of tea, you may not want to invest two-and-a-half hours on this film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/garuda-movie-review-srinagara-kitty-steals-the-show-in-siddharth-maheshs-revenge-drama/2dc461d157843 |title=Garuda movie review: Srinagara Kitty steals the show in Siddharth Mahesh's revenge drama |work=[[OTT Play]] |date=20 May 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927000022/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/review/garuda-movie-review-srinagara-kitty-steals-the-show-in-siddharth-maheshs-revenge-drama/2dc461d157843}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt11137920}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Indian gangster films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Raghu Dixit]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhansi_Junction_railway_station&diff=453653 2026-03-04T05:37:05Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: refined formatting for accuracy and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Railway Station in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]]&lt;br /&gt;{{font color|blue|JHANSI JUNCTION}}<br /> |native_name = &lt;hr/&gt;Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi<br /> | type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station<br /> | style = Indian Railways<br /> | image = Virangana Lakshmibai Railway Station 09.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_caption = Jhansi Junction railway station<br /> | address = Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, [[Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|25.4439|N|78.5534|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | elevation = {{convert|260|m|ft}}<br /> | line = New Delhi–Mumbai CSMT&lt;br/&gt;[[Agra–Bhopal section]]&lt;br/&gt;Delhi–Chennai line&lt;br/&gt;Jhansi–Kanpur section&lt;br/&gt;Jhansi–Manikpur–Prayagraj section<br /> Jhansi–Gwalior–Etawah section<br /> Jhansi–Sawai Madhopur section (proposed)<br /> | other = <br /> | structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]<br /> | platform = 8<br /> | tracks = 13<br /> | parking = Yes<br /> | bicycle = Yes<br /> | opened = 1880<br /> | closed = <br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | electrified = 1986-87<br /> | accessible = {{access icon|20px}} Available<br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = VGLJ (formerly JHS)<br /> | zone = [[North Central Railway zone]]<br /> | division = {{rwd|Jhansi}}<br /> }}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railways]]<br /> | status = Functioning<br /> | former = <br /> | passengers = <br /> | pass_year = <br /> | pass_percent = <br /> | pass_system = <br /> | map_locator = <br /> | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh#India<br /> | map_dot_label = Jhansi Junction railway station<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-caption = Interactive map<br /> | mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jhansi Junction railway station''' (officially '''Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Railway Station''',&lt;ref name=DeccanHerald02Jan2022/&gt; station code: VGLJ&lt;ref name=&quot;stn_code&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/Station_code.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=8 |format=PDF |date=2023–24}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is a major railway junction in the city of [[Jhansi]] in [[Bundelkhand region]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Azhar |title=Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Railway Station Map/Atlas NCR/North Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/virangana-lakshmibai-jhansi-junction-vglb/477 |website=indiarailinfo.com |access-date=1 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the busiest and largest railway stations in India.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} It hosts various trains of [[Indian Railways]] like the [[Gatimaan Express]], which is the fastest train of India, as well as others like [[Bundelkhand Express]]. It is a major halt for various important trains of Indian Railways like Rajdhani Express, Shatabdi Express, Duronto Express, Punjab Mail, Kerala Express, Karnataka Express, Humsafar Express, etc.<br /> <br /> It is a major intercity hub and a technical as well as commercial stoppage for all trains passing through Jhansi.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Jhansi station old.jpg|thumb|Jhansi Station in 1880]]<br /> The railway station was built by the British in the late 1880s. After a long survey of three places the current site was selected for the station. The station has a massive fort-like building painted in maroon and off-white.<br /> <br /> During ancient times, Jhansi was a stronghold of the Chandela Rajput kings and was known as Balwant Nagar. However, it lost importance in the 11th century after the decline of the Chandela dynasty. It rose in prominence in the 17th century when Raja Bir Singh Deo of Orchha State constructed the Jhansi Fort in 1613.<br /> <br /> The station had three platforms in the beginning. Platform One is {{convert|2525|ft|m}} long making it the eighth longest station in India. It could easily handle two trains at a time.<br /> <br /> The station was the focal point for The Indian Midland Railways Company which laid down lines radially in all directions from Jhansi, and managed the large workshop at Jhansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/articles/manning/midlands.html|title=[IRFCA] Ian Manning on the Indian Railways - Along The First Routes|website=Irfca.org|access-date=6 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first [[Shatabdi Express]] of India started between New Delhi and Jhansi.<br /> <br /> The fastest train of India [[Gatimaan Express]] runs between New Delhi and Jhansi. It is a high-priority train used by tourists and businessmen. Covering journey in 4 hours 25 minutes.<br /> <br /> Earlier Jhansi used to be a part of Central railways zone headquartered at Mumbai but now comes under North Central Railway Zone headquartered at [[Allahabad]].<br /> <br /> On 1 January 2022, the train station was renamed from Jhansi Junction to Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Jn. Railway Station in memory of [[Rani Lakshmibai]], the former Queen, or Rani, of Jhansi who fought against the British.&lt;ref name=DeccanHerald02Jan2022&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/jhansi-railway-station-is-now-virangana-lakshmibai-1067092.html |title=Jhansi railway station is now 'Virangana Lakshmibai'. The station also got its new code abbreviation VGLB against the earlier one JHS |work=[[The Deccan Herald]] |date=2 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; This change also changed the station code from JHS to VGLB and then finally to VGLJ, and the numerical code to 13309727.&lt;ref name=DeccanHerald02Jan2022/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/indian-railways/new-code-to-book-tickets-for-jhansi-railway-station-post-name-change-121123100012_1.html |title=New code to book tickets for Jhansi Railway Station post name change. Passengers going to Jhansi Railway Station will now have to use 'VJLB' as code to book tickets instead of 'JHS', as per the changed name, a railways official said on Thursday. |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |work=[[The Business Standard]] |date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; There is a social media campaign against the new name, and people have complained about the name to the MP for Jhansi, [[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]] saying that &quot;Jhansi&quot; should be part of the station's name.&lt;ref name=DeccanHerald02Jan2022/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Connectivity==<br /> [[File:Jhansi station.jpg|thumb|Jhansi Junction platform no 4]]<br /> Jhansi Junction Railway Station is linked with many industrial and important cities of India by direct trains like [[New Delhi]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Kolkata]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], [[Lucknow]], [[Etawah]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Kanpur]], [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da gama]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Udaipur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Pathankot]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bhopal]], [[Chennai]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Jammu]], [[Agra]], [[Amaravati]], [[Raipur]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]], [[Nagpur]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikode]] etc.<br /> <br /> Jhansi Junction Railway Station is served by 4 broad gauge routes:<br /> # [[Jhansi]]–[[Bhopal]]<br /> # [[Jhansi]]–[[Kanpur Central]]<br /> # [[Delhi]]–[[Jhansi]]<br /> # [[Prayagraj]]–[[Manikpur, Uttar Pradesh|Manikpur]]<br /> <br /> There is an ongoing survey for a new line between Jhansi Junction Railway Station and [[Shivpuri]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] which would be further connected to [[Sawai Madhopur]] and [[Jaipur]].<br /> <br /> Many Indian Railways trains pass through Jhansi, including the Gatimaan Express (currently the fastest train in India).<br /> <br /> * [[Gatimaan Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (12049/12050)<br /> * [[Shatabdi Express]]<br /> * [[Rajdhani Express]]es<br /> * [[Taj Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (12279/12280)<br /> * [[Andhra Pradesh Express]]<br /> * [[Karnataka Express]]<br /> * [[Tamil Nadu Express]]<br /> * [[Kerala Express]]<br /> * [[Telangana Express]]<br /> * [[Bhopal Express]]<br /> * [[Dakshin Express]]<br /> * [[Pushpak Express]]<br /> * [[Bundelkhand Express]]<br /> * [[Goa Express]]<br /> * [[Duronto Express]]<br /> * [[Jhansi–Lucknow Intercity Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (11109/11010)<br /> * [[Jhansi–Etawah Link Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (11903/11904)<br /> * [[Jhansi–Bandra Terminus Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (22195/22196)<br /> * [[Pratham Swatrantata Sangram Express]] ''(origin Jhansi)'' (22197/22198)<br /> <br /> Jhansi is an important destination for tourists intending to go to [[Khajuraho]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] and [[Orchha]].<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> *Jhansi Junction Railway Station has 8 platforms, three broad over-bridges. Due to heavy usage, two new platforms are planned, increasing the total count to 11.<br /> *Six pairs of the [[Rajdhani Express]] as well as the Bhopal–New Delhi [[Shatabdi Express]] pass through after a brief halt at Jhansi. Three pairs of Duronto Express also have their stoppages at Jhansi. All state [[Sampark Kranti Express|Sampark Krantis]] passing through Jhansi have official stops at Jhansi. Overall, approx. 262 trains stops at Jhansi Junction Railway Station.<br /> *Free Internet connectivity and wifi station through RailWire.<br /> *The station also features a La-festa restaurant and a paid Executive lounge on PF-1 of VGLJ.<br /> *Executive Class &amp; Class II air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned waiting rooms facility available.<br /> *A Cyber cafe, and tourist information offices of both the [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] governments.<br /> *Clock room booking of reservation and non reserved tickets platform tickets available.<br /> *A new shopping mall under construction just in front of railway station<br /> <br /> ==Loco sheds==<br /> Jhansi has electric and diesel loco sheds together.<br /> <br /> * [[Electric Loco Shed, Jhansi]] has a sanctioned capacity of 150 locos.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Diesel Loco Shed, Jhansi<br /> !Serial No.<br /> !Locomotive Class<br /> !Horsepower<br /> !Holding<br /> |-<br /> |1.<br /> |[[Indian locomotive class WDG-3A|WDG-3A]]<br /> |3100<br /> |25<br /> |-<br /> |2.<br /> |[[Indian locomotive class WDM-3D|WDM-3D]]<br /> |3300<br /> |27<br /> |-<br /> |3.<br /> |[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4/4D]]<br /> |4000/4500<br /> |70<br /> |-<br /> |4.<br /> |[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4/4B/4D]]<br /> |4000/4500<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Total Locomotives Active as of March 2026'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=e-Locos |url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,541,710,717 |access-date=29 May 2025 |website=Railway Board, Indian Railways}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |130<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Bhowani Junction]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jhansi Junction Railway Station}}<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1880]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Jhansi district]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Jhansi]]<br /> [[Category:Jhansi railway division]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Jhansi]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aadi_Mimansa&diff=467153 2026-03-03T23:24:15Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: enhance page per sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Aadi Mimansa<br /> | image = <br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Apurba Kishore Bir]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = Apurba Kishore Bir<br /> | starring = [[Ashok Kumar]], Mohan Gokhale, [[Neena Gupta]]<br /> | music = Bhavdeep Jaipurwale<br /> | cinematography = Apurba Kishore Bir<br /> | editing = Dilip Panda<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1991}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Odia&lt;br/&gt;Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aadi Mimansa''''' ([[English language|English]]: A Rare Solution) is a 1991 Indian [[Hindi]] and [[Odia language|Odia]]-language film directed by [[Apurba Kishore Bir]], starring [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Mohan Gokhale]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Gloria Mohanty|Gloria Mahanty]], Bijainee Misra, Nargis and Lalatendu Rath. The film marked the directorial debut of cinematographer Apurba Kishore Bir and went on to win the [[39th National Film Awards|1991]]<br /> [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] and [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] for Bir.&lt;ref name=&quot;39thaward&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm39thNFAAward.aspx|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|accessdate=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315101348/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm39thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=15 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;39thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards (PDF)|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=27 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Ashok Kumar]]<br /> *[[Mohan Gokhale]]<br /> *[[Neena Gupta]]<br /> *[[Gloria Mohanty|Gloria Mahanty]]<br /> *Bijainee Misra<br /> *Nargis<br /> *Lalatendu Rath<br /> *Arveen Panda<br /> *Smeeti Mishra<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0177481|Aadhi Mimansa}}<br /> <br /> {{Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1991 films]]<br /> [[Category:1991 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1991 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1990s Odia-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian multilingual films]]<br /> [[Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award]]<br /> [[Category:Best Film on National Integration National Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Apurba Kishore Bir]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sindhoora_Rekha&diff=536009 2026-03-03T21:20:52Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new new page</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1995 film directed by Sibi Malayil}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sindhoora Rekha<br /> | image = Sindoora-Rekha.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Sibi Malayil]]<br /> | producer = G. Gopalakrishnan<br /> | writer = [[Raghunath Paleri]]<br /> | starring = [[Suresh Gopi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shobhana]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ranjitha]]&lt;br&gt;[[Narendra Prasad]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]]<br /> | music = [[Sharreth]] (songs)&lt;br&gt; [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] (score)<br /> | cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]<br /> | editing = L. Bhoominathan<br /> | studio = G. K. Movieland<br /> | distributor = Gold Star<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1995}}<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sindhoora Rekha ''''' is a 1995 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[romantic-musical film]] directed by [[Sibi Malayil]] and written by [[Raghunath Paleri]]. It stars [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Shobhana]], [[Narendra Prasad]] and [[Ranjitha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/sindoora-rekha.html|title=Sindoora Rekha|accessdate=2014-09-22|publisher=filmibeat.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2829|title=Sindoora Rekha|accessdate=2014-09-22|publisher=.malayalachalachithram.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/sindoora-rekha-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520012433/http://spicyonion.com/title/sindoora-rekha-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 May 2015|title=Sindoora Rekha|accessdate=2014-09-22|publisher=spicyonion.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Balachandran falls in love with Arundhathi, and Arundathi gets pregnant when Balachandran learns that Arundathi has a neurological illness due to brain injury by her brother. She's delivering a baby and dies at the end, leaving Balachandran and baby with Ramani:who loves to marry him since childhood.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}} <br /> *[[Suresh Gopi]] as Balachandran <br /> *[[Shobana]] as Arundhathi<br /> *[[Ranjitha]] as Ramani <br /> *[[Narendra Prasad]] as Menon<br /> *[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] as Ambujakshan balan's best friend<br /> *[[Janardanan]] as Narayanan Nair<br /> *[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Raghavan Nair<br /> *[[Sankaradi]] as House Owner Pisharodi<br /> *[[Harishree Ashokan]] as Oommachan balan's best friend <br /> *[[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Gouthaman <br /> *[[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]] as Chellappan<br /> *[[Kundara Johny]] as Circle Inspector Hari<br /> *[[Prathapachandran]] as Doctor Kanaran<br /> *[[Aranmula Ponnamma]] as Muthassi<br /> *[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Balachandran's Mother <br /> *[[Zeenath]] as Rajalakshmi <br /> *[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Vaidyar<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Sindhoora Rekha<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sharreth]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | released = 1995<br /> | recorded = 1995<br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 22:33<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | label = Ankith Audios&lt;br /&gt;Wilson Audios<br /> | producer = [[Sharreth]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Thacholi Varghese Chekavar]]<br /> | prev_year = 1995<br /> | next_title = [[Sooryavanam]]<br /> | next_year = 1998<br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|YdPcPuY7T5w&amp;pp|Audio Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> The songs were composed by [[Sharreth]] for the lyrics written by [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]. The [[kirtan]] ''Pahirama Prabhu'' was written and composed by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sindhoora Rekha - Songs |url=https://en.msidb.org/m.php?792 |website=MSIDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/malayalam/album/sindoora-rekha-m0000673|title=Sindoora Rekha Songs|accessdate=2014-09-22|website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Raga(s) !! Length (m:ss)<br /> |- <br /> | 1 || &quot;Raavil Veenanaadham&quot; || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]] || (Ragamalika: [[Hamsanadam]], [[Kapi (raga)|Kapi]]) || 05:10<br /> |- <br /> | 2 || &quot;Naadham&quot; || K. J. Yesudas || (Ragamalika :[[Revagupti]], [[Hindolam]]) || 05:00<br /> |- <br /> | 3 || &quot;Kaalindhiyil&quot; || K. J. Yesudas || [[Shree (Carnatic raga)|Shree]] || 04:50<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Ente Sindhoora Rekha&quot; || Sujatha, [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] || Hindolam || 04:18<br /> |- <br /> | 5 || &quot;Pahirama Prabhu&quot; || [[Sharreth]] || [[Madhyamavathi]] || 04:20<br /> |- <br /> | 6 || &quot;Pranathosmi&quot; || K. S. Chithra || [[Dwi-Madhyama Panchama Varja Ragas#Example|Mayasri]] || 04:55<br /> |- <br /> | 7 || &quot;Ente Sindhoora Rekha&quot; || K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra || Hindolam || 04:15<br /> |- <br /> | 8 || &quot;Pranathosmi&quot; || K. J. Yesudas || (Ragamalika: [[Reethigowla]], [[Shree ranjani]]} || 05:30<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0237744}} <br /> * {{YouTube|id=bX1fcBs1Zz0|title=Sindoora Rekha}}<br /> <br /> {{Sibi Malayil}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1995 films]]<br /> [[Category:1995 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sharreth]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannadi_Higher_Secondary_School&diff=454704 2026-02-22T19:27:02Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: brief reworked references for consistency additionally</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = Kannadi Higher Secondary School<br /> | logo = KHSS.jpg<br /> | caption = Kannadi HSS Entrance<br /> | motto = Equality in education<br /> | type = Govt.Aided Management Higher Secondary School<br /> | affiliations = [http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in DHSE(Kerala)]<br /> | accreditation =<br /> | city = Kannadi-[[Palakkad]]<br /> | state = [[Kerala]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | established = 1998<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10.7406|76.6425|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br /> | principal = Babu P Mathew<br /> | founder principal = <br /> | headmistress = K.P. Jayasree<br /> | faculty = <br /> | enrollment = <br /> | colors = White-black/white-grey<br /> | grades = 11,12<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kannadi Higher Secondary School''' is situated in the [[Kannadi-I|Kannadi]] panchayath in the [[Palakkad]] district. It was established in 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kannadi HSS - Kannadi Higher Secondary School is situated in the Kannadi panchayath in the Palakkad district |url=https://kannadihss.com/about.php |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=kannadihss.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is about {{convert|5|km|spell=in}} away from [[Palakkad]] town, on the side of [[NH-47]]. The school offers courses for higher secondary studies, for 11th and 12th grade, students who passed their tenth grade. High school sections includes more personality development activities along with the curriculum based objectives.<br /> <br /> == Courses offered ==<br /> The school offers three streams - Science, Commerce and Humanities, in which Science stream has an option to choose between Biology and Computer Science. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Stream !! Available seats<br /> |-<br /> | Biology Science || 100<br /> |-<br /> | Computer Science || 100<br /> |-<br /> | Commerce || 50<br /> |-<br /> | Humanities || 50<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Admission ==<br /> The admission to school is carried out through merit and management quota for all streams. The admission through merit quota is carried out through Centralised Admission Process (CAP) of Kerala Government, namely &quot;Ekajaalakam&quot;. As per norms of the Educational Department of Kerala, the school offers reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes category students in merit quota executed through Ekajaalakam. There are also other reservation claims available under the norms of educational department of Kerala. The school management can also allot admission to certain number of students in each stream, under management quota, apart from merit quota.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Educational Institutes in Palakkad}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Schools in Palakkad]]<br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Kerala]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijaygupta_Maurya&diff=462167 2026-02-14T02:19:41Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: correct references also and improved wording after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian science writer (1909-1992)}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Vijaygupta Maurya<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_name = Vijayshankar Morarji Vasu <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1909|03|26}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Porbandar]], Gujarat<br /> | death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1992|07|10}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | body_discovered = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;<br /> | monuments = <br /> | other_names = Himachal, Soham, Chanakya, Muktanand VishwaYatri, Pandit Kaushik Sharma, V. M. Vasu, Goswami Shree Vijayraiji, Vijaytung, Vachaspati, Indradhanu, VasantVijay<br /> | education = Bhavsingh High School, [[Porbandar]]; [[Mumbai University]]<br /> | occupation = Journalist and author<br /> | years_active = 1945&amp;ndash;1991<br /> | employer = Janmabhumi, Parkruti Magazine<br /> | organization = <br /> | agent = <br /> | known_for = Pioneering science journalism in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | partner = <br /> | father = Murarji<br /> | mother = Motibai<br /> | children = [[Nagendra Vijay]], Bhardvaj Vijay<br /> | awards = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Vijaygupta Maurya ''' (March 26, 1903 – July 10, 1992) was a pioneer science writer in [[Gujarati Language|Gujarati]]. He wrote thousands of articles popularising science as well as several books.<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> ===Early life===<br /> Vijaygupta Maurya was born Vijayshankar Murarji Vasu in [[Porbandar]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India) in 1909. He completed his high school education at Bhavsingh High School in Porbandar. He studied law in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) and returned to Porbandar in 1933 to start his legal practice. Four years later, he was elevated to the position of a judge. Due to his passion for bird watching, he wrote articles on birds for ''{{Transliteration|gu|Prakriti}}'' magazine.&lt;ref name=db&gt;{{cite news|last=Khambhayata|first=Lalit|title=વિજયગુપ્ત મૌર્ય જીવંત જ્ઞાનકોષને શતાબ્દિવંદન!<br /> |url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/100222160042_vijaygupt_maurya.html|accessdate=24 October 2012|newspaper=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|date=22 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1944, Indian independence activist Vasant Avsare came to Porbandar and asked Vijaygupta Maurya to fight his case. However, as Vijaygupta Maurya was already at the position of judge, he could not do so. This prompted Vijaygupta Maurya to resign from his position and took Avsare's case as a lawyer. This ended Vijaygupta Maurya's career as judge and he decided to stay in Mumbai. He found a job as a typist for the salary of Rs. 0.75 per month at {{Transliteration|gu|Gordhandas ni Pedhi}}.&lt;ref name=hp&gt;Pushkarna, Harshal. [https://harshalpushkarna.blogspot.com/2009/03/vijaygupta-maurya.html &quot;Vijaygupta Maurya&quot;], ''{{langx|gu|એક નજર આ તરફ...}}'', 22 March 2009, accessed 7 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;db&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Career as Journalist and Writer===<br /> Between financial struggles, he wrote for ''Prakriti'' magazine. Few years later, he was invited to write for a Gujarati newspaper ''[[Janmabhumi]]''. He wrote articles on birds and animals printed on the last page of ''Janambhumi Pravasi'' with limited space and eventually became an editor and writer of the whole page. He wrote on varied subjects including science, astronomy and biology.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1973, he left ''Janmabhumi Pravasi'' and became a freelancer writing for various magazines. He wrote several books during that time that included the theme of serving interesting information rolled up in stories as well as books based on true events. His career as a writer spanned over 46 years but he continued to struggle financially. During last years, he had several ailments including poor vision, back pain and the [[Parkinson's disease]]. After a long illness, he died on 10 July 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> His sons, [[Nagendra Vijay]] and Bhardvaj Vijay, were also popular science writers. Nagendra Vijay started writing at the age of 14 and pioneered the first Gujarati science magazine ''Scope'' and later ''[[Safari magazine|Safari]]''. His grandson, [[Harshal Pushkarna]], is also popular science writer and currently heads ''Safari''.&lt;ref name=&quot;db&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Selected books==<br /> Some of the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] books authored by Vijaygupta Maurya&lt;ref name=&quot;db&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Sherkhan'' (શેરખાન)<br /> * ''Kapina Parakramo'' (કપિનાં પરાક્રમો)<br /> * ''Sinh Vaghni Sobatma'' (સિંહ વાઘની સોબતમાં)<br /> * ''Shikarini Tarap'' (શિકારીની તરાપ)<br /> * ''Kimiyagar Kabir'' (કીમિયાગર કબીર)<br /> * ''Hathina Tolama'' (હાથીના ટોળામાં)<br /> * ''Kutch thi Kashmir Sudhi Ladi Janyu Jawanoe'' (કચ્છથી કાશ્મીર સુધી લડી જાણ્યું જવાનોએ)<br /> * ''Kashmirnu Agnisnan'' (કાશ્મીરનું અગ્નિસ્નાન)<br /> * ''Zagmagtu Zaverat'' (ઝગમગતું ઝવેરાત)<br /> * ''Samudrani Ajayab Jeevshrishti'' (સમુદ્રની અજાયબ જીવસૃષ્ટિ)<br /> * ''Prakrutina Ladakvya Pankhio'' (પ્રકૃતિનાં લાડકવાયાં પંખીઓ)<br /> * ''Jindagi Jindagi'' (જિંદગી જિંદગી)<br /> * ''Manas Jem Boline Superstar Baneli Ek Hati Mena'' (માણસ જેમ બોલીને સુપરસ્ટાર બનેલી એક હતી મેના)<br /> * ''Circus Jeevanna Jivsatosatna Sahaso'' (સરકસ જીવનના જીવ સટોસટનાં સાહસો)<br /> * ''Samudrani Sahaskatha'' (સમુદ્રની સાહસકથા)<br /> * ''Prithvidarshan'' (પૃથ્વીદર્શન)<br /> * ''Hawamannu Gyan Sha Mate?'' (હવામાનનું જ્ઞાન શા માટે?)<br /> * ''Galápagos'' (ગાલાપાગોસ)<br /> * ''Aa Chhe Russia'' (આ છે રશિયા)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Maurya, Vijaygupta}}<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati writers]]<br /> [[Category:1909 births]]<br /> [[Category:1992 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Porbandar]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:People from Porbandar district]]<br /> [[Category:Journalists from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian popular science writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century science writers]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonali_Sachdev&diff=536625 2026-02-12T02:49:08Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new a biography</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Sonali Sachdev<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Sonali Mahimtura<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India<br /> | occupation = [[Dentist]], Actress<br /> | height = <br /> | spouse = Hemant Sachdev&lt;ref&gt;https://www.facebook.com/sonali.m.sachdev {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | yearsactive = <br /> }}<br /> '''Sonali Sachdev''' (née '''Mahimtura''') is an Indian actress. She is well known for portraying [[gynecologist]] Dr. Shilpa Thakkar in the super-hit [[Star Plus]] TV series ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''. She has worked in multiple [[Indian television|Indian TV shows]] and [[Bollywood]] films. She has been recently seen in Indian Hindi-language medical drama [[streaming television|streaming]] [[Television show|television series]] on [[Amazon Prime Video]] web series [[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]] as Shamita Parekh.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Sonali is of [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] descent through her father's side. She is a qualified [[dentist]] who later decided to pursue her dream of becoming an actress.<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Films ===<br /> * 2018 – ''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]'' as Mukku's Mother<br /> * 2014 – ''[[Pizza (2014 film)|Pizza]]''<br /> * 2007 – ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' as Irene (School Teacher)<br /> * 2012 – ''[[Mere Dost Picture Abhi Baki Hai]]''<br /> * 2013 – ''Labours Of (An)Other Solipsist'' as Alice<br /> * 2012 – ''Rizwan'' (Short) as Ammi<br /> * 2010 – ''[[Aashayein]]'' as Doctor <br /> * 2009 – ''Aamras: The Sweet Taste of Friendship'' as Mrs. Sehgal (as Sonali)<br /> * 2009 – ''Wishes (2009 film)''<br /> * 2021 – ''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]] as Shamitha Parekh''<br /> * 2024 – ''[[Kahan Shuru Kahan Khatam]]''<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Year(s)<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Show<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Role<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2005–2010<br /> | ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''<br /> | Dr. Shilpa Thakkar<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | 2009–2010<br /> | ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''<br /> | Sandra D'Souza<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | 2013–2014<br /> | ''[[Sanskaar – Dharohar Apnon Ki]]''<br /> | Parul Karsan Vaishav<br /> | Nominated—[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]] (2013)<br /> |-<br /> | 2014–2016<br /> | ''[[Satrangi Sasural]]''<br /> | Narmada Vatsal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> |''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]''<br /> |Mrs. Yadav<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''[[A Viral Wedding]]''<br /> |Neena Ahuja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |[[Potluck (Indian web series)]]<br /> |Sushma<br /> |Nidhi's Mother, Supporting role<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |[[Andhera (TV series)]]<br /> |Sarita Sheth<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sachdev, Sonali}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivanagar,_Belagavi&diff=535138 2026-02-03T15:34:21Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new new info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Shivanagar<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | pushpin_map = &lt;!-- India Karnataka --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belagavi]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shivanagar''' is a village in [[Belgaum district|Belagavi district]] in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=Primary Census Abstract (PCA), Census of India 2011 – Karnataka<br /> |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/41231<br /> |publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India<br /> |access-date=27 January 2026<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The population recorded was 574 as of the 2011 census.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Settlements in Belagavi district}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Karnataka}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]<br /> <br /> {{Belgaum-geo-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Writers_Workshop_(publisher)&diff=545867 2026-01-31T08:19:39Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{For|the activity|Authors' conference}}<br /> {{Infobox publisher<br /> | image =<br /> | parent =<br /> | status = Active<br /> | founded = {{Start date|1957}}<br /> | founder = [[Purushottama Lal]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | headquarters = 169/92, Lake Gardens, [[Kolkata]] 700045, [[India]]<br /> | distribution = Worldwide<br /> | keypeople = [[Ananda Lal]]; Shuktara Lal<br /> | publications = [[Book]]s<br /> | topics = [[Literary criticism]], [[Poetry]], [[Drama]], [[Novels]], [[Translation]]s<br /> | imprints =<br /> | revenue =<br /> | numemployees =<br /> | url = {{URL|http://www.writersworkshopindia.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Writers Workshop''' is a [[Kolkata]]-based literary publisher founded by the Indian poet and scholar [[Purushottama Lal]] in 1958. It has published many new Indian authors of post-independence urban literature. Many of these authors later became widely known.&lt;ref name=&quot;ex&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/writers-workshop-completes-50-years-of-lite/369360/|title=Writers’ Workshop completed 50 years of literary glory|date=4 October 2008|work=Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bu&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/nilanjana-s-roy-p-lalthe-writer%5Cs-workshop-story/414127/|title=P Lal and the Writer's Workshop story|date=9 November 2010|work=Business Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-14/kolkata/28213705_1_purushottama-lal-chinmoy-guha-english|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104122306/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-14/kolkata/28213705_1_purushottama-lal-chinmoy-guha-english|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|title=City remembers a great scholar &amp; human|date=14 November 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=Kolkata, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=hub150111I_Remember.asp|title=I Remember An Idyll|date=15 January 2011|journal=Tehelka Magazine |volume=8 |issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Writers Workshop&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Writers Workshop Team|url=http://www.writersworkshopindia.com/who-we-are/|website=Writers' Workshop, India|publisher=Writers'Workshop, India|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; company was first founded as a group of eight writers (Lal, Deb Kumar Das, [[Anita Desai]], Sasthibrata Chakravarti writing as [[Sasthi Brata]], William Hull, Jai Ratan, Kewlian Sio, and Pradip Sen) in 1958. It was an initiative of [[Purushottama Lal]] (1929–2010),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Writers' Workshop @ fifty|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-literaryreview/Writers-Workshop-fifty/article15942078.ece | date=1 March 2009 | newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; a professor of English at [[St. Xavier's College, Calcutta]].<br /> <br /> Although it mainly publishes Indian writing in English, it has also published books in other modern Indian languages. To date, the press has published over 3500 titles of [[poetry]], [[novels]], [[drama]], and other literary works, with two focuses: [[experimental literature]] of the present day, and [[translation]]s from [[Sanskrit]] and other classical [[Languages of India|Indian languages]].<br /> <br /> Writers Workshop of [[India]] has published the first books by many authors who have gone on to become famous, including [[A. K. Ramanujan]], Asif Currimbhoy, [[Agha Shahid Ali]], Adil Jussawalla, [[Arun Kolatkar]], [[Arvind Krishna Mehrotra]], [[Chandrakant Bakshi]], [[Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni]], [[Gieve Patel]], [[Hoshang Merchant]], [[Jayanta Mahapatra]], [[Joe Winter]], [[Keki Daruwalla]], [[Kamala Das]], [[Meena Alexander]], [[Mani Rao]], [[Saikat Majumdar]], [[Nissim Ezekiel]], [[Pritish Nandy]], [[Poile Sengupta]], [[R. Parthasarathy]], [[Ruskin Bond]], [[Shiv Kumar Batalvi|Shiv Kumar]], Saleem Peeradina, [[Tijan Sallah]], [[Vihang A. Naik]], [[Vikram Seth]], and William Hull among others who have been included in ''The Golden Treasury of Writers Workshop Poetry''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rubana Huq, ed. The Golden Treasury of Writers Workshop Poetry. Kolkata: Writers Workshop, 2008 .|url=http://journals.iium.edu.my/asiatic/index.php/AJELL/article/view/82/67|website=Asiatic Journal at IIUM|publisher=Asiatic : IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[India]] .<br /> <br /> As Writers Workshop enters its sixth decade of existence, it has become an extremely important part of the literary history of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A life in five acts|url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPrintView.jsp?page_id=6064|website=HarmonyIndia.org|publisher=Harmony India : a social initiative of Dhirubhai Ambani Memorial Trust|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its titles are printed as hand-loom&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Biblio-beauties|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/asPpwI6GTYmt3EEUMcPkqO/Bibliobeauties.html|website=LiveMint|publisher=LiveMint.Com|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; sari-bound&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BEYOND THE ORDINARY - The calligrapher of Calcutta-45|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101128/jsp/opinion/story_13228555.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201005608/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101128/jsp/opinion/story_13228555.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 February 2016|website=TelegraphIndia.Com|publisher=TelegraphIndia|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; volumes with exquisite [[calligraphy]] on them. Throughout its history, this alternative publishing venture has published authors without a distribution system to back it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=P Lal obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/p-lal-obituary|website=TheGuardian.com|publisher=TheGuardian.com|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perhaps the most important publishing venture Writers Workshop has undertaken is Lal's translation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Puroshottama Lal: sought to 'transcreate' an epic|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/puroshottama-lal-sought-to-transcreate-an-epic-1.546823/|website=[[TheNational.ae]]|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; of the entire Indian epic [[Mahabharata]] in 21 volumes (appearing 2005–2023) along with his student, Dr. Pradeep Bhattachrya, and the retired [[Brigadier General]] Shekhar Kumar Sen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The P. Lal transcreation of the complete epic text in 18 volumes|url=http://www.writersworkshopindia.com/books/mahabharata/the-mahabharata-of-vyasa-all-volumes/|website=WritersWorkshop, India|publisher=WritersWorkshop, India|access-date=25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Purushottama Lal's death in 2010, his family members now run his publishing house.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * {{cite journal |url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/media/NewsDetails.jsp?page_id=338&amp;id=N228&amp;divId=312 |magazine=Harmony Magazine |title=Writers Workshop}}<br /> * {{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/lr/2009/03/01/stories/2009030150010100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304153115/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2009/03/01/stories/2009030150010100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2009 |title=50 Years of Writer's Workshop |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 March 2009}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{official website|http://www.writersworkshopindia.com/}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> [[Category:Book publishing companies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:1958 establishments in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Publishing companies established in 1958]]<br /> [[Category:Literary publishing companies]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hodge&diff=472247 2026-01-15T06:16:22Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: fixed issues</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Australian cricketer (born 1974)}}<br /> {{distinguish|text=Western Australian cricketer [[Brad Hogg]]}}<br /> {{Use Australian English|date=June 2011}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = Brad Hodge<br /> | image = Brad Hodge 2008.jpg<br /> | caption = Hodge playing for the [[Victorian Bushrangers]] in 2008<br /> | country = Australia<br /> | fullname = Bradley John Hodge<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|12|29|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Sandringham, Victoria|Sandringham]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia<br /> | height = 178 cm&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Brad Hodge|url=http://www.melbournestars.com.au/team/player-profiles/brad-hodge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182750/http://www.melbournestars.com.au/team/player-profiles/brad-hodge|work=melbournestars.com.au|publisher=[[Melbourne Stars]]|access-date=15 April 2014|archive-date=16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A hurrah to Hodge&quot;/&gt;<br /> | batting = Right-handed<br /> | bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]<br /> | role = Batsman<br /> | international = true<br /> | internationalspan = 2005–2014<br /> | testdebutdate = 17 November<br /> | testdebutyear = 2005<br /> | testdebutagainst = West Indies<br /> | testcap = 394<br /> | lasttestdate = 22 May<br /> | lasttestyear = 2008<br /> | lasttestagainst = West Indies<br /> | odidebutdate = 3 December<br /> | odidebutyear = 2005<br /> | odidebutagainst = New Zealand<br /> | odicap = 154<br /> | lastodidate = 17 October<br /> | lastodiyear = 2007<br /> | lastodiagainst = India<br /> | odishirt = 17<br /> | T20Idebutdate = 12 September<br /> | T20Idebutyear = 2007<br /> | T20Idebutagainst = Zimbabwe<br /> | T20Icap = 23<br /> | lastT20Idate = 30 March<br /> | lastT20Iyear = 2014<br /> | lastT20Iagainst = India<br /> | club1 = [[Victoria cricket team|Victoria]]<br /> | year1 = {{nowrap|1993/94–2011/12}}<br /> | club2 = [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]]<br /> | year2 = 2002<br /> | club3 = [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]]<br /> | year3 = 2003–2004, 2010<br /> | club4 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]<br /> | year4 = 2005–2008<br /> | club5 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br /> | year5 = 2008–2010<br /> | club6 = [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]]<br /> | year6 = 2010/11<br /> | club7 = [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]]<br /> | year7 = 2011<br /> | club8 = [[Melbourne Renegades]]<br /> | year8 = 2011/12, 2017/18<br /> | club9 = [[Barisal Burners]]<br /> | year9 = 2012–2013<br /> | club10 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]<br /> | year10 = 2012–2014<br /> | club11 = [[Basnahira Cricket Dundee]]<br /> | year11 = 2012<br /> | club12 = [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]]<br /> | year12 = 2012/13<br /> | club13 = [[Melbourne Stars]]<br /> | year13 = {{nowrap|2012/13–2013/14}}<br /> | club14 = [[Wellington cricket team|Wellington]]<br /> | year14 = 2014/15<br /> | club15 = [[Adelaide Strikers]]<br /> | year15 = {{nowrap|2014/15–2016/17}}<br /> | club16 = [[Peshawar Zalmi]]<br /> | year16 = 2016<br /> | club17 = [[St Kitts and Nevis Patriots]]<br /> | year17 = 2016<br /> | columns = 4<br /> | column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br /> | matches1 = 6<br /> | runs1 = 503<br /> | bat avg1 = 55.88<br /> | 100s/50s1 = 1/2<br /> | top score1 = 203[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries1 = 12<br /> | wickets1 = 0<br /> | bowl avg1 = –<br /> | fivefor1 = –<br /> | tenfor1 = –<br /> | best bowling1 = –<br /> | catches/stumpings1 = 9/–<br /> | column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br /> | matches2 = 25<br /> | runs2 = 786<br /> | bat avg2 = 34.48<br /> | 100s/50s2 = 1/3<br /> | top score2 = 123[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries2 = 66<br /> | wickets2 = 1<br /> | bowl avg2 = 51.00<br /> | fivefor2 = 0<br /> | tenfor2 = 0<br /> | best bowling2 = 1/17<br /> | catches/stumpings2 = 16/–<br /> | column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br /> | matches3 = 223<br /> | runs3 = 17,084<br /> | bat avg3 = 48.81<br /> | 100s/50s3 = 51/64<br /> | top score3 = 302[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries3 = 5,583<br /> | wickets3 = 74<br /> | bowl avg3 = 41.70<br /> | fivefor3 = 0<br /> | tenfor3 = 0<br /> | best bowling3 = 4/17<br /> | catches/stumpings3 = 127/–<br /> | column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]<br /> | matches4 = 251<br /> | runs4 = 9,127<br /> | bat avg4 = 43.25<br /> | 100s/50s4 = 29/38<br /> | top score4 = 164<br /> | deliveries4 = 1,734<br /> | wickets4 = 40<br /> | bowl avg4 = 38.85<br /> | fivefor4 = 1<br /> | tenfor4 = 0<br /> | best bowling4 = 5/28<br /> | catches/stumpings4 = 93/–<br /> | medaltemplates = &lt;!-- MENTION HOST NAMES FOR TEAM SPORTS --&gt;<br /> {{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry |{{AUS}}}} <br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}<br /> {{Medal|W|[[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 West Indies]]|}}<br /> | date = 16 January<br /> | year = 2010<br /> | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/5674.html ESPNcricinfo<br /> | nickname = Dodgeball&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/what-s-in-a-nickname-609595|title = What's in a nickname?}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bradley John Hodge''' (born 29 December 1974) is an Australian cricket coach and former cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who batted in the middle order, as well as a part-time right-arm [[off-spin]] bowler. Hodge was a member of the Australian team that won the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]].<br /> <br /> Hodge was a prolific run-scorer in domestic cricket, holding the records for the most runs (5,597) and most centuries (20) in Australian interstate [[Limited overs cricket|one-day]] matches.&lt;ref name=&quot;One-Day Retirement&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/550568.html|title=Hodge retires from one-day cricket|date=23 January 2012|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also Victoria's highest ever run-scorer in the [[Sheffield Shield]] (10,474 runs).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/australia/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=114;type=trophy|title=Sheffield Shield / Pura Cup / Records / Most runs|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302182919/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/australia/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=114%3Btype%3Dtrophy|archive-date=2 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, his opportunities to represent Australia were limited to 6 Tests, 25 [[one-day internationals]] (ODIs)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29397712/ten-players-wish-had-seen-more-internationals |title=Ten players we wish we had seen more of in internationals |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 15 [[Twenty20 Internationals|T20 Internationals]].<br /> <br /> ==First-class career==<br /> Hodge attended [[St Bede's College (Mentone)|St. Bede's College]] in [[Mentone, Victoria]]. He debuted for the [[Victorian Bushrangers]] as a 19-year-old, and was [[List of nicknames used in cricket|nicknamed]] &quot;Bunkie&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/3987aL9UQS42OMB6YZ957r?si=hH6IrOrfQHuWyP9Q2680Lg|title=Lunch with Damien Fleming and Brad Hodge|website=[[Spotify]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; by [[Dean Jones (cricketer)|Dean Jones]] for the fact that he shared a [[bunkbed]] with his brother at the time of his debut.<br /> <br /> Hodge played [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire League Cricket]] for [[Ramsbottom Cricket Club|Ramsbottom]] in 2000 and 2001 scoring 1000 runs in each season,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://pcboard.com.pk/Pakistan/Players/6/6237/ll_Batting_by_Season.html%26gws_rd%3Dcr%26dcr%3D0%26ei%3Dj5D7WeroNsTG0gTc-aR4 | title=Lancashire League Batting and Fielding in Each Season by Brad Hodge | publisher=CricketArchive / [[Google Cache]] | access-date=3 November 2017 | archive-date=16 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316205328/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fpcboard.com.pk%2FPakistan%2FPlayers%2F6%2F6237%2Fll_Batting_by_Season.html&amp;gws_rd=cr&amp;dcr=0&amp;ei=j5D7WeroNsTG0gTc-aR4 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; breaking the clubs batting record in 2001. His bowling also proved useful.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6010786.LOCAL_CRICKET__Hodge_is_the_hat_trick_hero/?ref=arc | title=LOCAL CRICKET: Hodge is the hat-trick hero | work=[[Lancashire Telegraph]] | date=7 September 2001 | access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hodge has played with County Cricket teams [[Durham, England|Durham]], [[Lancashire]], and [[Leicestershire]] – where he made his highest first class score of 302*. During his time at [[Leicestershire]], he was accused of [[cheating]] by then-[[Derbyshire]] captain, [[Dominic Cork]], by claiming a catch when it appeared that he had stepped over the boundary rope in a [[Twenty20]] match in June 2003. Hodge had actually completed the catch cleanly, before running over to the crowd to celebrate.&lt;ref&gt;[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/129950.html ESPNcricinfo – Cork slams 'cheat' Hodge and 'pathetic' Lamb]&lt;/ref&gt; Hodge denied the accusation and considered taking legal action.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/129984.html | title=Hodge considers legal action over Cork's 'cheat' accusation | work=ESPNcricinfo | date=27 June 2003 | access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cork was sanctioned by the [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/128849.html | title=Cork handed fine and suspended sentence | work=ESPNcricinfo | date=14 July 2003 | access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hodge scored many runs for Victoria, and his consistency came together by the [[2000–01 Sheffield Shield season|2000–01 season]], where he was consistently overlooked for selection, despite being one of Australia's premier domestic batsmen. He has argued he was the victim of [[New South Wales selection bias]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/cricket/hodge-lashes-crickets-alleged-nsw-bias/story-e6frfg8o-1225766753110 'Hodge lashes cricket's alleged NSW bias', ''Herald Sun'' 27 August 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 21 November 2007, playing for Victoria against Queensland, Hodge made his highest [[Pura Cup]] score of 286*. He and [[Nick Jewell]] had batted undefeated for the entire third day of the game, only the fourth wicketless day's play in the history of the competition.<br /> <br /> During the match against Queensland at the [[MCG]] on 7 March 2009, he scored 261. During this innings, he became the 6th batsman to pass 10,000 Sheffield Shield runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/australia/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=114;type=trophy | title=Records – Sheffield Shield / Pura Cup – Most runs | work=ESPNcricinfo | access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He also became the first to score a century in [[KFC Twenty20 Big Bash|Australian domestic Twenty20]], scoring 106 off 54 deliveries for Victoria against New South Wales at North Sydney, on 21 January 2006.<br /> <br /> In December 2009, Hodge announced his retirement from first-class cricket to focus on the one-day and Twenty20 versions of the game. Hodge finished his domestic first-class career as Victoria's all-time leading run-scorer. In January 2012, he retired from one-day cricket to focus exclusively on the Twenty20 game. At the time, he was the leading run-scorer in the [[2011–12 Ryobi One-Day Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/hodge-slips-out-records-intact-20120123-1qe4x.html|title=Hodge slips out, records intact|last=Hogan|first=Jesse|date=24 January 2012|access-date=24 January 2012|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hodge captained the [[Adelaide Strikers]] in the [[2016–17 Big Bash League]] and while [[2016–17 Adelaide Strikers season|the team struggled]], he was a model of consistency and named in the team of the tournament at the age of 42.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18564144/the-bbl-2016-17-team-tournament | title=The team of the tournament | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=27 January 2017 | access-date=3 November 2017 | author=Macpherson, Will}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Australian career==<br /> [[File:Hodge Bat.JPG|right|thumb|Bat used by Brad Hodge during his double century against South Africa-on display at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.]] Hodge was called up as part of Australia's [[2005 Ashes]] squad but was not used throughout the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/4408143.stm|title=MacGill and Tait in Ashes squad |work=BBC |date=5 April 2005 |access-date=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did, however, take a number of catches in the third test as a substitute fielder to dismiss [[Kevin Pietersen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/4141910.stm|title=Vaughan's ton puts England on top |work=BBC |date=11 August 2005 |access-date=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Michael Vaughan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/4150670.stm|title=England set Aussies record chase |work=BBC |date=14 August 2005 |access-date=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; both off the bowling of [[Brett Lee]]. After a long time waiting for an international debut, he finally debuted for the [[Australian cricket team|Australian team]] against the [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] in November 2005 at [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]], during the [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2005-06|2005–06 Test Series]], becoming the 394th player to wear the [[baggy green]] for Australia. He had his baggy green presented to him by [[Bill Lawry]].<br /> <br /> Hodge scored his maiden Test century for [[South African cricket team in Australia in 2005–06|Australia against South Africa]] in Perth on 19 December 2005. After ending the third day on 91 not out, Hodge displayed some nervousness in media interviews about reaching his century, but by the end of the innings he managed to finish with an unbeaten score of 203, batting with fluency on day four.&lt;ref name=&quot;A hurrah to Hodge&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausvrsa/content/story/230169.html | title=Australia v South Africa, 1st Test, Perth, 4th day: A hurrah to Hodge | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=19 December 2005 | access-date=3 November 2017 | author=English, Peter}}&lt;/ref&gt; This innings was criticised by some Australian fans who felt that captain [[Ricky Ponting]] declared too late in allowing Hodge to chase his double century. This criticism came after Australia did not bowl out South Africa in the 4th innings (despite having 120 overs to do so), with the match ending in a draw. Australia were principally thwarted by a resolute [[Jacques Rudolph]], who replaced the injured [[Jacques Kallis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausvrsa/content/story/230329.html | title=Australia v South Africa, 1st Test, Perth, 5th day: Smith confident after marathon draw | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=20 December 2005 | access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausvrsa/content/story/230237.html | title=Australia v South Africa, 1st Test, Perth, 5th day: Resolute Rudolph thwarts Australia | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=20 December 2005 | access-date=3 November 2017| author=Vaidyanathan, Siddhartha }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hodge made his One-day International debut against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] on 2 December 2005 at [[Eden Park]] in [[Auckland]] during the [[2005–06 Chappell–Hadlee Trophy]]. After two modest initial scores, he scored a half-century in the third ODI at the [[Lancaster Park|Jade Stadium]] in [[Christchurch]]. This earned him a call up for the [[2005–06 VB Series]] against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]]. However, he failed to capitalise and was dropped from the ODI side.<br /> <br /> Hodge was dropped after only five tests in the team, and only three tests after scoring his double century against South Africa. The selectors stated that the decision was made on the back of a poor [[Pura Cup]] season by Hodge, averaging around 25 for the summer when the team was selected (he finished the season with an average of 33.3).&lt;ref&gt;Cricket Australia, [http://cricket.com.au/news-display/Aussie-squad-announced/9114 Aussie squad announced] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308040757/http://cricket.com.au/news-display/Aussie-squad-announced/9114 |date=8 March 2011 }}, 19 September 2008, retrieved 3 January 2011&lt;/ref&gt; The decision was unpopular amongst Victorian fans, particularly since his replacement, [[Damien Martyn]], had averaged only 23.7 in the same Pura Cup season.&lt;ref&gt;[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=2605;team=653;type=tournament ESPNcricinfo], &quot;Cricket Records, Pura Cup 2005/06, Western Australia&quot;, retrieved 3 January 2011&lt;/ref&gt; He did get back, however, albeit more than two years later, when included in Australia's squad that toured the West Indies in May/June 2008. On 22 May, in what proved to be his final test, he made 67 and 27 with the bat.<br /> <br /> During the [[2006–07 Commonwealth Bank Series]], Hodge was called into the team to replace [[Andrew Symonds]] who had pulled out with a torn bicep. He scored an unbeaten 99 off 86 balls against New Zealand at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] on 4 February 2007 to guide Australia to a five wicket win in a chase of 291.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AUS vs NZ Cricket Scorecard, 11th Match at Melbourne, February 04, 2007 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-bank-series-2006-07-249146/australia-vs-new-zealand-11th-match-249231/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 18 February 2007, during the [[2006–07 Chappell–Hadlee Trophy]], Hodge scored 97 not out off 86 balls to help Australia to 4/336 off their 50 overs. However, an unbeaten 86 by [[Brendon McCullum]] led New Zealand to a one wicket win and a 3-0 series win.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NZ vs AUS Cricket Scorecard, 3rd ODI at Hamilton, February 20, 2007 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-new-zealand-2006-07-251038/new-zealand-vs-australia-3rd-odi-251496/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === 2007 Cricket World Cup ===<br /> On 18 March 2007, in the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]], Hodge scored his maiden one-day century against Holland. He scored 123 off just 89 balls, including 7 sixes and 8 fours and shared a record 4th-wicket partnership of 204 with [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]], the highest 4th wicket stand in World Cup history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=12;type=trophy|title=Highest partnerships for each wicket in World Cups| access-date=3 November 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219031713/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=12%3Btype%3Dtrophy|archive-date=19 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/247466.html|title=ICC World Cup, 10th Match, Group A: Australia v Netherlands|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he was dropped for the next match against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] on 24 March as allrounder [[Andrew Symonds]] recovered from a shoulder injury. Hodge returned to the team for the Super 8 match against [[England cricket team|England]] in place of the injured [[Shane Watson]] but did not bat. Hodge scored 152 runs from his two innings in five appearances at the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC World Cup, 2006/07 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-world-cup-2006-07-2403 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He played for Australia in a Twenty20 against India on 1 February 2008.<br /> <br /> In December 2010, Hodge was named in Australia's initial [[2011 Cricket World Cup squads|World Cup side]] for the following year. However, he was not named in the final squad.<br /> <br /> In 2012, reflecting on his lack of opportunities to play for Australia, Hodge said: &quot;Selections have puzzled me for a number of years, and continue to puzzle me... I have played the best cricket I can in Test, four-day, one-day, and T20, but for some reason it has not been good enough. That's life.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/cricket/victorian-batsman-brad-hodge-delivers-parting-shot/story-fn67w6pa-1226253518232|title=Victorian batsman Brad Hodge delivers parting shot|date=25 January 2012|work=[[Herald Sun]]|access-date=26 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2012, Hodge announced his decision to retire from One-Day Cricket and also to retire from Victoria. He said in an interview: &quot;I think it's just time to step aside and let some other guys come through; I'm obviously delighted to have played this long. I guess, like anyone in the world, once you've done something for so long, it's hard to let go&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;One-Day Retirement&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, Hodge played for Australia in the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] competition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=World T20: Yuvraj leads Indian charge against Australia | work=[[The Times of India]] | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/series-tournament/t20-world-cup-2014/top-stories/World-T20-Yuvraj-leads-Indian-charge-against-Australia/articleshow/32973684.cms? | date=30 March 2014 | access-date=3 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored 50 runs and took one wicket across three matches as Australia won only one game and failed to make it past the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World T20, 2013/14 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/world-t20-2013-14-8083 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World T20, 2013/14 bowling most wickets career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/world-t20-2013-14-8083 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Later career==<br /> In 2022, Hodge was the narrator for ''Warnie'', the posthumous tribute documentary for [[Shane Warne]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Warnie - Channel 7 Documentary |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxJ8rSd2HdE |language=en |access-date=2022-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{ESPNcricinfo|id=5674}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091023035945/http://bushrangers.com.au/profile/brad_hodge DEC Bushrangers Brad Hodge player profile]<br /> <br /> {{Navboxes<br /> |title= Australia squads<br /> |bg = #FFD700<br /> |fg = green<br /> |bordercolor=green<br /> |list1=<br /> {{Australia Squad 2007 Cricket World Cup}}<br /> {{Australia Squad 2007 World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Australia Squad 2014 World Twenty20}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hodge, Brad}}<br /> [[Category:1974 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Adelaide Strikers cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Auckland cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian cricket coaches]]<br /> [[Category:Australian cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australia One Day International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australia Test cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australia Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Fortune Barishal cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian expatriate cricketers in Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Basnahira Cricket Dundee cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian expatriate cricketers in Sri Lanka]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers from Melbourne]]<br /> [[Category:Durham cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian expatriate cricketers in England]]<br /> [[Category:Guyana Amazon Warriors cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Kochi Tuskers Kerala cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian expatriate cricketers in India]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Lancashire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Leicestershire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Melbourne Renegades cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Melbourne Stars cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Northern Districts cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Peshawar Zalmi cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Australian expatriate cricketers in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Victoria cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Wellington cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Sandringham, Victoria]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at St Bede's College (Mentone)]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Australian sportsmen]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makara_Jyothi&diff=515247 2026-01-14T09:35:16Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Star appearing at Sabarimala Temple}}<br /> {{Other uses|Makar Sankranti}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}<br /> <br /> [[File:SabarimalaRush2010.JPG|thumb|Devotees gathering at Sabrimala sannidhanam to get a glimpse of ''divya Makara Jyothi'' around [[Makaravilakku]], in 2010]]<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> '''Makara Jyothi''' is the celestial star [[Sirius]] that can be seen above the secret fire lit event of [[Makaravilakku]] conducted by [[Travancore Devaswom Board|Travancore Devasom Board]] at [[ponnambalamedu]] near [[Sabarimala|Sabarimala Temple]] in [[Kerala]] on [[Makara Sankranti]] every year with the help of [[Kerala Forest and Wildlife Department|Forest department]], [[Kerala State Electricity Board|KSEB]] and [[Kerala Police|Kerala police]] and other agencies of [[Government of Kerala]]. When the fire is lit for 3 times by the [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] Team, the Sirus can be seen directly above it when viewed from [[Sabarimala Temple|Sabarimala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-01-14 |title=Thousands Offer Prayers At Sabarimala On Makaravilakku Day |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/thousands-offer-prayers-at-sabarimala-on-makaravilakku-day-enn25011405141 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.ETLegalWorld.com |title=Kerala HC restricts access into Ponnambalamedu near Sabarimala, following recent incident of trespass - ET LegalWorld |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/litigation/kerala-hc-restricts-access-into-ponnambalamedu-near-sabarimala-following-recent-incident-of-trespass/100483080 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Raman Nair, who headed the Devaswom Board under the Congress government said “It’s the police and officials of the Travancore Devaswom Board who would jointly light the fire at Ponnambalamedu on the orders of the state government.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shaji |first=K. A. |date=2023-01-16 |title=The myth of Sabarimala's Makaravilakku is bust, but the controversy still rages on |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/kerala/the-myth-of-sabarimalas-makaravilakku-is-bust-but-the-controversy-over-it-still-rages-on/#:~:text=The%20South%20First-,The%20myth%20of%20Sabarimala's%20Makaravilakku%20is%20bust,%20but%20the%20controversy,on%20Ponnambalamedu%20hill%20is%20manmade. |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=The South First |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> ''Makara'' ({{langx|sa|मकर}}) is the name of a [[zodiac sign]] in Indian languages known as [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] in English. ''Jyoti'' means &quot;light&quot; in Sanskrit.<br /> <br /> ==Popularity of the ritual ==<br /> <br /> The huge crowd of pilgrims that witnesses the event has increased every year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sight&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/14/stories/2006011406820500.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080129221318/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/14/stories/2006011406820500.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 29 January 2008 |title=Sighting of 'Makarajothi' brings good luck and blessings | location=Chennai, India |work= [[The Hindu]] |date=14 January 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is believed that 1.5 million devotees witnessed ''Makara Jyoti'' in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/contentView.do?contentId=3449548&amp;programId=1073754912&amp;pageTypeId=1073754893&amp;contentType=EDITORIAL&amp;BV_ID=@@@ |title=Pilgrims witness Makara Jyothi |publisher=Manorama Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Failed verification|date=November 2023}} The revenue collection during the Makaravilakku period was also higher compared to previous years. The total donations were [[Indian Rupee|Rs.]]720 million in 2008 against previous year’s Rs.723 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011553760400.htm |title=Sabarimala revenue put at Rs.102.52 crore |location=Chennai, India |date=15 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118110549/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011553760400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archivedate=18 January 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sabarimala stampedes and authenticity debate==<br /> {{Main|Makara Vilakku}}<br /> In 1999 and 2011, two major human stampedes occurred on 14 January at Sabarimala, killing 53 and 106 people, respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;mathrubhumi1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=103730 |title=Makarajyothi: Court intervening after 11 years |publisher=Mathrubhumi English |date=21 January 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201202106/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=103730 |archivedate=2014-02-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sabarimalas-Makara-Jyothi-is-man-lit-TDB/articleshow/7397707.cms |title=Sabarimala's Makara Jyothi is man-lit: TDB |publisher=Times Of India |date=2011-01-31 |accessdate=2014-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=G. Mahadevan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sabarimala-stampede-toll-rises-to-102/article1094557.ece |title=Sabarimala stampede: toll rises to 102 |work=The Hindu |date=2011-01-15 |accessdate=2014-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1999 the Justice T Chandrasekhara Menon committee that investigated the stampede refrained from going into the details of authenticity of Makara Jyothi. It stated that Makara Jyothi is a matter of belief and could not be investigated. Justice Chanadrasekhara Menon had probed the veracity of Makara Jyoti during that time. He also appointed an advocate of the commission to witness it.&lt;ref name=&quot;mathrubhumi1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The 2011 stampede occurred during an annual pilgrimage, killing 102 pilgrims and injuring more than 100.{{Contradictory inline|date=November 2023}} Amid a renewed debate after this stampede, Kerala High Court wanted to know whether or not Makara Jyoti is a man-made phenomenon, asking about the authenticity of the hallowed celestial light visible from Sabarimala. &quot;A distinction has to be made between the Makaravilakku and Makara Jyothi. The Jyothi is a celestial star. Makarvilakku is lit [by people],&quot; said the head of the Thazamon Thanthri family, Kantararu Maheswararu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala-high-courts-poser-on-makarajyothi/article1105093.ece |title=Kerala High Court's poser on 'Makarajyothi' |work=The Hindu |date=2011-01-20 |accessdate=2014-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; After this the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) said that it was known to most believers that it was a man lit-fire, but there was a Hindu belief behind it. &quot;It is known to everybody that Makara Vilakku is a fire lit up by men at Ponnabalamedu and TDB also recognises this. But Makara Jyothi is a celestial star&quot;, TDB President M Rajagoplan Nair told reporters on 31 January 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://travancoredevaswomboard.org/ Official website of Travancore Devaswom Board]<br /> * [http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1167382 Clarification of the matter by Minister]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080601060130/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080051548 Minister G.Sudhakaran on Makara Vilakku / Makara Jyothi]<br /> <br /> {{HinduFestivals}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fire deities]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Pathanamthitta district]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru_Open&diff=468003 2026-01-13T00:19:33Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{about|[[ATP Challenger Tour|an ATP Challenger]] tournament|the WTA tournament|WTA Indian Open}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox ATP Challenger Tournament<br /> | type = ATP Challenger<br /> | name = Bengaluru Open<br /> | current = 2026 Bengaluru Open<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo size = <br /> | event name = Dafa News Bengaluru Open<br /> | location = [[Bangalore]], India<br /> | venue = Karnataka State Lawn Tennis Association <br /> | category = [[ATP Challenger Tour]]<br /> | surface = [[Hardcourt|Hard]]<br /> | draw = 32S/32Q/16D<br /> | prize money = $225,000 &lt;small&gt;(2026)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | completed event = [[2025 Bengaluru Open|2025]]<br /> | singles = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]]<br /> | doubles = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Chandrasekar]] &lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Ray Ho]]<br /> |website= {{URL|https://bengaluruopen.com/}} <br /> }}<br /> The '''Dafa News Bengaluru Open''' is a professional [[tennis]] tournament played on [[hardcourt|hardcourts]]. It is currently part of the [[ATP Challenger Tour]]. It is held annually in [[Bangalore]], India since 2015 with a break in 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt; {{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/bengaluru-open-returns-to-atp-challenger-tour-after-a-years-gap-2130836 |title= Bengaluru Open Returns To ATP Challenger Tour After A Year's Gap |date=11 November 2019|accessdate=23 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/|title=Bangalore – Overview – ATP Tour – Tennis|website=ATP Tour|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=30 November 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021130161851/http://www.atptour.com/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2025 it was upgraded to an [[ATP Challenger Tour 125|ATP Challenger 125]] event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bengaluruopen.com/bengaluru-open-to-be-the-biggest-atp-challenger-event-in-india/|title= Bengaluru Open to be the biggest ATP Challenger event in India|date= 24 January 2025|accessdate=5 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Past finals==<br /> ===Singles===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;|Champion<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;|Runner-up<br /> !width=&quot;175&quot;|Score<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Bengaluru Open|2026]] || {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Pedro Martínez (tennis)|Pedro Martínez]]''' || {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Timofey Skatov]] || 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–5)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–3<br /> |-<br /> | [[2025 Bengaluru Open|2025]] || {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Brandon Holt]]''' || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shintaro Mochizuki]] || 6–3, 6–3<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Bengaluru Open|2024]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Stefano Napolitano]]''' || {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Hong Seong-chan]] || 4–6, 6–3, 6–3<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Bengaluru Open|2023]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Max Purcell]]''' || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]] || 3–6, 7–5, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–5)&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Bengaluru Open II|2022 (2)]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Aleksandar Vukic]]''' || {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov]] || 6–4, 6–4<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Bengaluru Open|2022 (1)]] || {{flagicon|TPE}} '''[[Tseng Chun-hsin]]''' || {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo]] || 6–4, 7–5<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2021 || colspan=3 align=center| ''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2020 Bengaluru Open|2020]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]]''' || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Benjamin Bonzi]] || 6–4, 6–4<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2019 || colspan=3 align=center|''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Bengaluru Open|2018]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Prajnesh Gunneswaran]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]] || 6–2, 6–2<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Bengaluru Open|2017]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sumit Nagal]]''' || {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|Jay Clarke]] || 6–3, 3–6, 6–2<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2016 || colspan=3 align=center|''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2015 Bangalore Challenger|2015]] || {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[James Ward (tennis)|James Ward]]''' || {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Menéndez Maceiras]] || 6–2, 7–5<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Doubles===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;|Champions<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;|Runners-up<br /> !width=&quot;175&quot;|Score<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Bengaluru Open|2026]] || {{flagicon|COL}} '''[[Nicolás Barrientos]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Benjamin Kittay]]''' || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arthur Reymond]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Luca Sanchez]] || 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(11–9)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7–5<br /> |-<br /> | [[2025 Bengaluru Open|2025]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anirudh Chandrasekar]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|TPE}} '''[[Ray Ho]]''' || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios]] || 6–2, 6–4<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Bengaluru Open|2024]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Saketh Myneni]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]''' || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Constantin Bittoun Kouzmine]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maxime Janvier]] || 6–3, 6–4<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Bengaluru Open|2023]] || {{flagicon|KOR}} '''[[Chung Yun-seong]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|TPE}} '''[[Hsu Yu-hsiou]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Chandrasekar]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]] || 3–6, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(9–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, [11–9]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Bengaluru Open II|2022 (2)]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Alexander Erler]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Arjun Kadhe]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] || 6–3, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(4–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, [10–7]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Bengaluru Open|2022 (1)]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Saketh Myneni]]''' &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]''' &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt; || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Grenier]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alexandre Müller]] || 6–3, 6–2<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2021 || colspan=3 align=center|''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2020 Bengaluru Open|2020]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Purav Raja]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]''' || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} [[Leander Paes]] || 6–0, 6–3<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2019 || colspan=3 align=center|''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Bengaluru Open|2018]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Max Purcell]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Luke Saville]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Purav Raja]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Antonio Šančić]] || 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–3)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–3<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Bengaluru Open|2017]] || {{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Mikhail Elgin]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Divij Sharan]]''' || {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Sabanov]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Matej Sabanov]] || 6–3, 6–0<br /> |-bgcolor=#efefef<br /> | 2016 || colspan=3 align=center|''Not held''<br /> |-<br /> | [[2015 Bangalore Challenger|2015]] || {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Saketh Myneni]]''' &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sanam Singh]]''' || {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Paul Fruttero]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]] || 5–7, 6–4, [10–2]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.atptour.com/en/tournaments/bengaluru/7808/overview Bengalaru {{pipe}} Overview {{pipe}} ATP Tour {{pipe}} Tennis]<br /> *[https://www.kslta.com/calander Official website]<br /> <br /> {{ATP Challenger Tour}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bengaluru Open| ]]<br /> [[Category:ATP Challenger Tour]]<br /> [[Category:Hard court tennis tournaments]]<br /> [[Category:Tennis tournaments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2015]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Priteesmita_Bhoi&diff=526812 2026-01-05T22:14:15Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: created a stub basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 2008)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Preetismita Bhoi<br /> | image = File:Preetismita Bhoi.jpg<br /> | caption = Bhoi at the [[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2025 Commonwealth Youth Championships]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2008|11|14|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Dhenkanal]], [[Odisha]], India<br /> | pb = ''Snatch'': 66 kg (2025)&lt;br/&gt;''Clean &amp; Jerk'': 92 kg {{WR}} (2025)&lt;br/&gt;''Total'': 158 kg (2025)<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}} [[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|30px]]<br /> {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} <br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Youth World Weightlifting Championships|Youth World Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalGold|[[2024 Youth World Weightlifting Championships|2024 Lima]]|[[2024 Youth World Weightlifting Championships#40 kg|40 kg]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Youth Games]]}}<br /> {{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Youth Games|2025 Bahrain]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2025 Asian Youth Games#Girls' clean &amp; jerk|44 kg C&amp;J]]}}<br /> {{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Youth Games|2025 Bahrain]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2025 Asian Youth Games#Girls' snatch|44 kg Snatch]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Weightlifting Federation|Asian Youth Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalSilver|[[2024 Asian Youth &amp; Junior Weightlifting Championships|2024 Doha]]|[[2024 Asian Youth &amp; Junior Weightlifting Championships#Youth women's|45 kg]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|Commonwealth Youth Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalGold|[[Ahmedabad|2025 Ahmedabad]]|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|44 kg]]}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Preetismita Bhoi''' (born 14 November 2008) is an Indian [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifter]].&lt;ref name=&quot;iwfbio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Priteesmita Bhoi |url=https://iwf.sport/weightlifting_/athletes-bios/?athlete=bhoi-preetismita-2008-11-14&amp;id=20971 |website=[[International Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=19 Aug 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;iwf2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwf.sport/2024/05/23/lima-day-1-world-record-and-four-medals-for-indias-team-of-debutants-and-two-golds-for-colombia/ |title=World record and four medals for India's team of debutants |last=Oliver |first=Brian |date=2024-05-23 |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=2024-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhoi created a Youth World Record in Clean &amp; Jerk with a lift of 92&amp;nbsp;kg at the [[2025 Asian Youth Games]] in the 44&amp;nbsp;kg category, earning a gold medal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-27 |title=Weightlifter Priteesmita Bhoi breaks world record to win gold in Youth Asian Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/priteesmita-bhoi-weightlifting-world-record-gold-youth-asian-games-manama/article70207185.ece |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Bhoi was born in [[Dhenkanal]], Odisha. She lost her father when she was two, and she and her sister, Vidusmita, were raised by their mother, Jamuna Devi. Weightlifting coach Gopal Krishna Das witnessed the two sisters participating in a track event and persuaded their mother to let them train as weightlifters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.amarujala.com/sports/pritismita-bhoi-world-record-gold-medal-weightlifting-in-lima-peru-2024-05-24 |last=Sharma |first=Deepak |date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-05-24 |language=hi |title= बचपन में पिता को खोने वाली 15 साल की प्रीतिस्मिता ने बनाया विश्व रिकॉर्ड, 133 किलो वजन उठाकर जीता सोना |trans-title=Priteesmita, who lost her father in childhood, set a world record, won gold by lifting 133 kg |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> In August 2023, the Talent Identification and Development Committee of the [[Khelo India]] initiative selected Bhoi as one of the weightlifters to be designated a Khelo India Athlete, thereby receiving support for training and in competitions.&lt;ref name=&quot;kia2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Weightlifting%20_Induction_10-08-2023.pdf |title=Weightlifting Induction Notification |date=2023-08-08 |publisher=Khelo India |access-date=2024-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhoi set a new youth world record of 76&amp;nbsp;kg in the Clean &amp; Jerk category, on her way to winning gold in the 2024 Youth World Weightlifting Championships in the 40&amp;nbsp;kg event.&lt;ref name=&quot;iwf2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2025, Bhoi lifted a total of 150&amp;nbsp;kg (63&amp;nbsp;kg snatch and 87&amp;nbsp;kg clean and jerk) to win the youth 44&amp;nbsp;kg women's category at the [[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cwlf2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-weightlifting-championships-2025-mirabai-chanu-gold-medal-india |title=Mirabai Chanu strikes gold on return at Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships 2025 |last=Nalwala |first=Ali Asgar |date=2025-08-25 |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=2025-08-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; She followed that up with a gold in the 44&amp;nbsp;kg category at the [[2025 Asian Youth Games]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ayg2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://results.asianyouthgames2025.org/?_gl=1*1pars8k*_ga*MTAxNzI4NzY5NC4xNzYxNjMxMDU1*_ga_JNJ6E02YB2*czE3NjE2MzEwNTQkbzEkZzAkdDE3NjE2MzEwNTQkajYwJGwwJGg3MDY2MDQxNjc.#/discipline/WLF/results/W.44KG--------------.FNL-.000100-- |title=Bahrain Asian Youth Games 2025 |date=2025-10-26 |publisher=[[2025 Asian Youth Games|Bahrain Asian Youth Games]] Organizing Committee |access-date=2025-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; establishing a World Youth record in the process.&lt;ref name=&quot;iocayg2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asian-youth-games-2025-india-medal-tally-winners |title=Asian Youth Games 2025 - Full Indian winners list |date=2025-10-27 |first=Utathya |last=Nag |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2025-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Major results ==<br /> {| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | Year || Venue || Weight || Snatch (kg) || Clean &amp; Jerk (kg) || Total || Rank<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Asian Youth Games]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Asian Youth Games|2025]] ||{{flagicon|BHR}} [[Manama]], [[Bahrain]] ||44&amp;nbsp;kg ||66 ||92 {{WR}} ||'''158''' ||1 &lt;ref name=&quot;ayg2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|Commonwealth Youth Championships]]<br /> |-<br /> |2025 ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad]], India ||44&amp;nbsp;kg ||63 ||87 ||'''150''' ||1 &lt;ref name=&quot;cwlf2025&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Asian Weightlifting Federation|Asian Youth Championships]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Asian Youth &amp; Junior Weightlifting Championships|2024]] || {{flagicon|QTR}} [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] || 45&amp;nbsp;kg || || 85 || ||<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Youth World Weightlifting Championships|Youth World Championships]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Youth World Weightlifting Championships|2024]] || {{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], [[Peru]] ||40&amp;nbsp;kg ||57 ||76 {{WR}} ||'''133'''||1 &lt;ref name=&quot;iwf2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Khelo India Youth Games]]<br /> |-<br /> |2023 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai]], India ||40&amp;nbsp;kg ||52 ||64 ||'''116'''||2 &lt;ref name=&quot;khelo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwlf.in/press-release-day-1-of-6th-edition-of-the-khelo-india-youth-games-in-the-event-of-weightlifting-held-at-jnis-chennai-tamil-nadu/ |title=Day 1 result of the 6th Edition of Khelo India Youth Games |date=2024-01-26 |publisher=[[Indian Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=2024-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Indian Weightlifting Federation|IWLF]] National Championships<br /> |-<br /> |2024 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nagrota Bagwan]], India ||45&amp;nbsp;kg ||57 ||82 ||'''139'''||2 (Youth) and 3 (Junior)&lt;ref name=&quot;IWLFNagrota24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwlf.in/sufna-jasmin-of-kerala-created-new-national-records-in-snatch-and-total-in-49-kg-senior-men-during-iwlf-national-senior-weightlifting-championships-at-nagrota-bagwan-h-p/ |title=Sufna Jasmin created new national records on the opening day |date=2024-10-07 |publisher=[[Indian Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=2024-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Itanagar]], India ||40&amp;nbsp;kg ||55 ||67 ||'''122'''||2 &lt;ref name=&quot;orisportsItanagar&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=ODAyOQ== |title=National Weightlifting: Odisha win 3 gold, 6 silver and 5 bronze |date=2024-01-04 |publisher=OriSports |access-date=2024-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Khelo India]] National Women's Championships<br /> |-<br /> |2023 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Patna]], India ||40&amp;nbsp;kg ||49 ||61 ||'''110'''||2 &lt;ref name=&quot;iwlfkhelo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwlf.in/19950-2/ |title=Results on Opening Day of Khelo India Senior, Junior &amp; Youth National Women Weightlifting Championships 2023 |date=2023-02-19 |publisher=[[Indian Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=2024-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | IWLF National Youth Championships<br /> |-<br /> |2022-23 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nagercoil]], India ||40&amp;nbsp;kg ||50 ||63 ||'''113'''||3 &lt;ref name=&quot;iwlf2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/RESULTS-YOUTH-NAGERCOIL-FOR-WEBSITE.pdf |title=Result Book - IWLF National Youth Weightlifting Championships 2022-23 |date=2023-01-07 |publisher=[[Indian Weightlifting Federation]] |access-date=2024-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ref(s)<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |[[Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar|Rashtriya Bal Puraskar]]<br /> |Highest civilian honour for children<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 December 2024 |title=Dhenkanal District Administration Felicitates Weightlifter Preetismita Bhoi Among Three |url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/dhenkanal-district-administration-felicitates-weightlifter-preetismita-bhoi-among-three/ |access-date= |website=Ommcom News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{sports links}}<br /> *{{cite web |date=25 August 2025 |title=Odisha Teen Preetismita Bhoi Strikes Gold In Commonwealth Weightlifting Championship |url=https://odishabytes.com/odisha-teen-preetismita-bhoi-strikes-gold-in-commonwealth-weightlifting-championship/ |publisher=Odisha Bytes |access-date=1 September 2025 |author=OB Bureau}}<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhoi, Priteesmita}}<br /> [[Category:2008 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]<br /> [[Category:Weightlifters from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:People from Dhenkanal]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br /> <br /> {{India-weightlifting-bio-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gond_(raga)&diff=470768 2026-01-03T18:10:06Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: minor cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindustani raga}}<br /> {{Infobox raga<br /> | name = Gond<br /> | image_name = Gond Ragamala.png<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | thaat = [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]]<br /> | type = <br /> | time = <br /> | season = <br /> | arohana = Sa Re Ga Ma, Pa Dha Ni Dha Ni Sa<br /> | avarohana = Sa Ni Dha Ni Dha Pa, Ma Ga, Re Sa<br /> | vadi = Sa<br /> | samavadi = Ma<br /> | pakad = <br /> | chalan = <br /> | synonym = Bilaval Gaund<br /> | equivalent = <br /> | similar = Gunkali<br /> }}<br /> <br /> This is an India musical [[raga]] (composition) that appears in the [[Sikh]] tradition from northern [[India]] and is part of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Singha 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&amp;pg=PA10 |access-date=26 May 2021 |page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Every raga has a strict set of rules which govern the number of notes that can be used; which notes can be used; and their interplay that has to be adhered to for the composition of a tune.<br /> <br /> In the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the Sikh holy Granth (book) there are a total of 60 raga compositions and this raga is the '''Thirty – sixth''' raga to appear in the series. The composition in this raga appear on a total of '''17 pages''' from page numbers ''' 859 to 875 ''' and denoted under the Sri classification in [[Rāgmala (Sikhism)|Ragamala]].<br /> <br /> Raag Gond (ਗੋਂਡ) – Gond is an expression of triumph, however these feelings are balanced and in perspective ensuring that there is also an aspect of humility. Therefore, although there is a sense of knowing and understanding the achievement, there is not a feeling of becoming obsessed or getting lost in the achievement itself.<br /> <br /> Gond was used by [[Guru Ram Das]] and [[Guru Arjan]] (29 hymns). The texts ask man to depend solely on the Lord for all benefits since it is He who has given him all his blessings.<br /> <br /> The following represents the order of notes that can be used on the ascending and descending phase of the composition and the primary and secondary notes:<br /> <br /> * Aroh: Sa Re Ga Ma, Pa Dha Ni Dha Ni Sa<br /> * Avroh: Sa Ni Dha Ni Dha Pa, Ma Ga, Re Sa<br /> * Pakar: Re Ga Ma, Pa Ma, Ma Pa Ni Dha Ni Dha Ni Sa, Ni Dha Ni Pa, Dha Ma<br /> * Vadi: Sa<br /> * Samvadi: Ma<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Kirtan]]<br /> * [[Raga]]<br /> * [[Tala (music)|Taal]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.gurmatsangeet.org/ Gurmat Sangeet Academy] <br /> * [http://www.gurmatsangeetproject.com/ Gurmat Sangeet Project]<br /> * [http://www.rajacademy.com/ Raj Academy of Asian Music]<br /> * [http://www.sikhnet.com/GurbaniKirtan/ Sikhnet: Shabad for Printing]<br /> <br /> {{Sikh Ragas}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindustani ragas|G]]<br /> [[Category:Ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jang_Town&diff=505670 2025-12-26T03:12:12Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: adding the place w/ sources...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Jang<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = [[Town]]<br /> | pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.58337|91.98020|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Tawang district]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 191<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 2905<br /> | population_total = 5,480<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 790105<br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|AR]]<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = 264533<br /> | website = {{url|tawang.nic.in}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | area_code = 03794&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=JANG Pin Code - 790105, Tang All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search TAWANG Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/arunachal-pradesh/tawang/jang-pincode-790105.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=15 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jang''' is a tourist destination, town and subdivision in '''Jang Valley''' in [[Tawang district]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state of [[India]]. It lies on [[National Highway 13 (India)|NH-13]] [[Trans-Arunachal Highway]] 40 km southwest of [[Tawang]] and north of [[Sela Tunnel]]/[[Sela Pass]]. As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Jang has a population of 5,480.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DISTRICT/ CIRCLE- WISE POPULATION OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH AS PER 2011 CENSUS |url=https://dcmsme.gov.in/old/dips/state_wise_dips/STATE%20PROFILE%20OF%20ARUNACHAL%20%20PRADESH,%202015_14316.pdf |access-date=15 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''Jang Hydal Plant''', near the base of [[Nuranang Falls]] (Jang Falls), is a small [[Hydroelectricity|hydel]] plant which generates electricity for local use.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuranang Waterfall Jang, Tawang {{!}} Tawang District, Government of Arunachal Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://tawang.nic.in/tourist-place/nuranang-waterfall-jang-tawang/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jung Waterfalls {{!}} Nuranang Falls {{!}} Bong Bong Falls {{!}} jang falls tawang |url=https://www.gosahin.com/places-to-visit/jung-waterfalls/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Gosahin - Explore Unexplored Destinations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demography ==<br /> Jang subdivision has a total of 8 villages. Below is the list of villages under the Jang subdivision:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Villages<br /> !Population 2011<br /> |-<br /> |Thongsheng<br /> |127<br /> |-<br /> |Marmang<br /> |497<br /> |-<br /> |Kharsa<br /> |691<br /> |-<br /> |Namazing<br /> |664<br /> |-<br /> |Dungse<br /> |1,770<br /> |-<br /> |Yuthumbu<br /> |1,363<br /> |-<br /> |Nuranang RA III<br /> |368<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Tourist place ==<br /> The [[Nuranang Falls]] or the Jang Falls, famous for [[Koyla]] movie's song shooting&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Riba |first1=Moji |title=Lights, camera and anticipation {{!}} The Arunachal Times |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2019/06/30/lights-camera-and-anticipation/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |publisher=The Arunachal Times |date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jung Falls: A Sensational Setting! - Be On The Road {{!}} Live your Travel Dream! |url=https://www.beontheroad.com/2011/01/jung-falls-sensational-setting.html |website=www.beontheroad.com |access-date=15 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Jaswant Singh Rawat#Jaswantgarh|Jaswant Garh War Memorial]] commemorating [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]] (posthumous) [[Jaswant Singh Rawat]]'s fearless fight unto death during [[Jaswant Singh Rawat#Battle|Battle of Nooranang]] in [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian war]] in 1962, driving 40 Km from Tawang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nuranang Waterfall Jang, Tawang {{!}} Tawang District, Government of Arunachal Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://tawang.nic.in/tourist-place/nuranang-waterfall-jang-tawang/ |access-date=15 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Sela Tunnel]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Tawang district]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aanpirannol&diff=484035 2025-12-18T16:53:41Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2021 Indian television series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = <br /> | image_upright =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | alt_name = '''Aanpirannol- Avalude Kadha Avanteyum'''<br /> | genre = <br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | inspired_by = <br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = Ganesh Oolikkara<br /> | story = Ganga<br /> | director = Siva Mohan Thampi<br /> | creative_director = Vishnu U.B<br /> | starring = Riya Kuriyakose<br /> | voices = <br /> | narrated = <br /> | music = <br /> | theme_music_composer = Balagopal R<br /> | open_theme = &quot;Kannale Parayuvathivaloru&quot;<br /> | end_theme = <br /> | composer = Radhakrishnan<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 522<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Codex Media<br /> | location = <br /> | cinematography = Jose Alleppy<br /> | editor = Pramod Nenmara<br /> | camera = <br /> | runtime = <br /> | company = Codex Media<br /> | budget = <br /> | network = [[Amrita TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2021|11|01|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2023|11|10|df=y}}<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aanpirannol''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language television series directed by Siva Mohan Thampi.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/aanpirannol-to-portray-the-struggling-life-of-a-transgender-director-siva-mohan-thampi-says-i-am-both-excited-and-anxious-about-the-project/articleshow/87185259.cms|title='Aanpirannol' to portray the struggling life of a transgender; director Siva Mohan Thampi says, 'I am both excited and anxious about the project'|work=The Times of India|date=21 October 2021|access-date=30 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show premiered on 1 November 2021 on [[Amrita TV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/new-serial-anpirannol-to-portray-a-transgenders-life/articleshow/87345736.cms|title=ട്രാൻസ് ജീവിതം പറയുന്ന പുതിയ സീരിയൽ; 'ആൺപിറന്നോൾ' ഉടൻ എത്തുന്നു |work=Samayam|publisher=The Times of India|date=28 October 2021|access-date=30 July 2022|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AmritaTV&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amritatv.com/aanpirannol/|title=ആൺപിറന്നോൾ|work=Amrita TV|access-date=30 July 2022|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars Riya Kuriyakose in the title role along with Parvathy, [[Mukundan (actor)|Mukundan]] and [[Devi Ajith]] in pivotal roles. It is the first show in the history of Indian television that portrays the life of the transgender community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/oct/28/aanpirannol-to-discuss-trans-lives-2376573.html|title=Aanpirannol to discuss trans lives|work=The New Indian Express|date=28 October 2021|access-date=30 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.janmabhumi.in/news/mini%20screen/aanpirannol-serial-portraying-transgender-life|title=ഇന്ത്യൻ മിനിസ്‌ക്രീനില്‍ ചരിത്രം സൃഷ്ടിക്കാനൊരുങ്ങി മലയാളം സീരിയല്‍; ട്രാൻസ്ജെന്‍ഡര്‍ സമൂഹത്തിന്റെ ജീവിതകഥയുമായി 'ആൺപിറന്നോൾ'|work=Janmabhumi|date=26 October 2021|access-date=30 July 2022|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Riya Kuriyakose as Apoorva / Appu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/riyas-on-playing-a-trans-man-in-aanpirannol-many-parents-contacted-us-and-said-that-the-show-helped-them-to-understand-their-kids-more/articleshow/97556801.cms|title=Riya on playing a trans man in 'Aanpirannol': Many parents contacted us and said that the show helped them to understand their kids more|first=Radhika|last=Nair|work=The Times of India|date=2 February 2023|access-date=7 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Parvathy Iyer as Malavika<br /> * [[Mukundan (actor)|Mukundan]] as Vijay Panicker<br /> * [[Devi Ajith]]<br /> * [[Krishnachandran]]<br /> * [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Daisy Teacher<br /> * Divya M Nair as Aswathi <br /> * Sanuraj / Ananthu Sheeja as Dr. Jobin Alex<br /> * Rahul SR as Arun<br /> * Resh Lakshna as Dr. Aleena<br /> * Shihab as K Giriprasad IAS<br /> * Ramy Nakshatra<br /> <br /> == Production==<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> Debutant Riya Kuriyakose was cast as the protagonist, Apoorva. Parvathy, [[Mukundan (actor)|Mukundan]] and [[Devi Ajith]] were also cast in pivotal roles.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Release ===<br /> <br /> The title song video of Aanpirannol was released by [[Jayasurya]] in October 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kODrJiB8vvk&amp;t=25s|title=ANPIRANNOL {{!}} TITLE SONG {{!}} SERIAL {{!}} AMRITA TV|publisher=[[Amrita TV]]|date=30 October 2021|access-date=30 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show premiered on [[Amrita TV]] on 1 November 2021. It is telecasted daily at the 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. (IST) time slot.&lt;ref name=&quot;AmritaTV&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 1:29<br /> <br /> | title1 = Kannale Parayuvathivaloru<br /> | extra1 = Lekshmi S Nair<br /> | lyrics1 = Sreevasanth S.V <br /> | music1 = Balagopal R<br /> | length1 = 1:29<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominee !! Result !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2025<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Kerala State Television Awards<br /> | Best Television Series<br /> | ''Aanpirannol''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2025/kerala-state-television-awards-2023-full-winners-list-aanpirannol-kanmashi-lilly-take-top-honors-439713.html | title=Kerala State Television Awards 2023 Full Winners List: Aanpirannol, Kanmashi, Lilly Take Top Honors | publisher=[[Filmibeat]] | work=Sharath Bose | date=22 January 2025 | accessdate=23 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1466780&amp;u= | title=Teleserial Aanpirannol wins top honors at State Television Awards 2023 | publisher=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] | date=22 January 2025 | accessdate=23 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actress<br /> | Riya Kuriakose<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Screenwriter<br /> | Ganga<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Dubbing Artist (Female)<br /> | Parvathy S. Prakash<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.amritatv.com Official website] {{in lang|ml}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2020s LGBTQ-related drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Transgender-related television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related television shows]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-tv-prog-stub}}<br /> {{LGBT-tv-prog-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhamtan_Sahib&diff=496589 2025-12-16T04:39:35Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: put up</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Town in Haryana, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Dhamtan Sahib<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 15<br /> | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|29.697553|N|76.021633|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Jind district|Jind]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | parts_type = [[Taluka]]s<br /> | parts = [[Narwana]]<br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 12,750<br /> | population_as_of = 2019<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = <br /> | demographics1_title2 = <br /> | demographics1_info2 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 126116&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=STD &amp; PIN Codes {{!}} District Jind, Government of Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://jind.gov.in/std-pin-codes/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tohana]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Dhamtan Sahib''', is a town in the [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]] of [[Jind district]] in [[Haryana]], India. It is under the [[Narwana Assembly constituency]] and the [[Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency|Sirsa parliamentary constituency]]. [[Tohana]] is the nearest town to Dhamtan Sahib for all major economic activities. It is famous for its Sikh religious [[Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib, Dhamtan Sahib|Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dhamtan Sahib Gurudwara {{!}} District Jind, Government of Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://jind.gov.in/tourist-place/dhamtan-sahib-gurudwara/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Jind district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Jind district]]<br /> <br /> {{Haryana-geo-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cnemaspis_mundanthuraiensis&diff=494699 2025-12-16T04:08:51Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of lizard}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = <br /> | taxon = Cnemaspis mundanthuraiensis<br /> | authority = Khandekar, Thackeray, &amp; Agarwal, 2022<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Cnemaspis mundanthuraiensis''''' is a species of [[Diurnality|diurnal]], rock-dwelling, [[insectivorous]] [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Cnemaspis&amp;species=balerion Cnemaspis mundanthuraiensis]<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q113560900}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cnemaspis|mundanthuraiensis]]<br /> [[Category:Lizards of India]]<br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 2022]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Cnemaspis-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Reprographic_Rights_Organisation&diff=465716 2025-11-28T17:55:28Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: general added article for consistency and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> |name = Indian Reprographic Rights Organisation<br /> |abbreviation = IRRO<br /> |formation = 2000 <br /> |type = Society<br /> |purpose = The rights of Authors and Publishers of literary works<br /> |headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]] <br /> |location = 18/1-C, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Institutional Area, New Delhi, India<br /> |website = https://www.irro.org.in/<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{more footnotes|date=May 2019}} '''Indian Reprographic Rights Organisation (IRRO)''' is a [[Copyright collective|copyright society]] established under Section 33 of the Copyright Act, 1957. Its main objective is to ensure that the copyrights of authors are protected and that copyright owners are respected and rewarded when their original works are used and reproduced. The guidelines of regulating copyrights by IRRO are curated in a fair way that rewards the authors, creators, and publishers and allows easy reproduction of their works and publications. The organization deploys the highest ethical standards when it comes to dealing with the rights of authors, collecting and distributing remunerations, and the bonafide funds they hold. <br /> <br /> IRRO represents the rights of publishers in the Indian copyright ecosystem. The organization has strong global affiliations with the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations (IFRRO) and other international RROs. Being a member of IFRRO, the organization operates in accordance with internationally accepted standards of supervising reproduction rights of copyright. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Indian Reprographic Rights Organisation (IRRO) is a copyright society incorporated in 2000 and authorized by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], [[Government of India]]. It stands for the rights of authors and publishers and regulates the use and reproduction of their literary works. Over the years, IRRO has become a privileged partner of the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisation (IFRRO) and made strong connections with other countries’ RROs. <br /> <br /> IRRO issues licenses of copyrighted materials for reproduction by photocopying, scanning, etc. on behalf of rights holders. The materials may include magazines, books, and journals supplied by a licensed third party. The licenses eliminate the risk associated with the reproduction of such materials. For the most part, IRRO works on providing reprographic access to users like institutes, photocopy shops, and universities, and providing equitable remuneration to rights holders.<br /> <br /> IRRO’s policies and awareness propaganda have increased the respect for copyrights among governments, users and right holders throughout India.<br /> <br /> ==Cases==<br /> [[Rameshwari Photocopy Service shop copyright case]]<br /> On March 9, 2017, newspapers including [[Hindustan Times]] reported that the three publishers announced to withdraw the suit against Rameshwari Photocopy service shop and not to pursue the photocopy shop case further in the courts. According to a news report of The Hindu, the publishers had told the division Bench that they had decided to withdraw the suit against Rameshwari Photocopy shop as they did not want to engage in a legal battle with their stakeholders — the educational institutions. Despite the main [[plaintiff]] withdrawing the case, Indian Reprographic Rights Organisation (IRRO) made an attempt to move a petition in [[Supreme Court|Supreme Court of India]] challenging the judgment passed by the Division Bench of the [[Delhi High Court|Delhi High Court]] on December 9, 2016. Given that the original suit filed before the Delhi High Court had been withdrawn by the publisher plaintiffs (OUP etc.) and the IRRO was merely an intervenor in the lower court proceedings, Supreme Court decided not to interfere in the High Court order.<br /> <br /> On June 3, 2017, The Financial Times also covered an extensive story on the case illustrating data from Nielsen that despite lack of public numbers, the publishers still made considerable profitable growth in India.<br /> <br /> ==About Copyright==<br /> <br /> Copyright is a type of intellectual property that allows the creator to own their original work in a way as something physical is owned. It refers to the right of the owner to prevent others from copying, reusing or reproducing their work. In simpler terms, copyright is a legal means of protecting a creator’s (author, musician, filmmaker, etc.) work. <br /> <br /> Creators spend a lot of time in producing original work. They initially produce it for free, but as their artwork is used or sold, they’re bound to receive a payment. However, such a payment is only compensated if the creator has registered for copyrights. If a creator fails to copyright its work, anyone can copy it and/or falsely claim to own it. To avoid this from happening, various copyright societies like IRRO were formed to help writers, musicians and other artists copyright their creative work. The legislation responsible for regulating copyright in India is the Copyright Act 1957 (as amended by the Copyright Amendment Act 2012) and the Copyright Rules, 2013.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/photocopy-licensing-agency-loses-licence/cid/221895|title=Photocopy licensing agency loses licence}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/wont-interfere-with-hc-relief-to-du-photocopy-shop-says-supreme-court/article18416546.ece Won’t interfere with HC relief to DU photocopy shop, says Supreme Court]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://spicyip.com/2017/05/breaking-news-supreme-court-refuses-to-admit-irro-appeal.html Supreme Court Refuses IRRO Appeal in DU Photocopy Case]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[[Rameshwari Photocopy Service shop copyright case]]&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=June 2019}}<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mondaq.com/india/x/595058/Copyright/DU+Photo+Copy+Case+IRRO+Challenges+Delhi+High+Court+Judgment+Before+The+Supreme+Court DU Photo Copy Case: IRRO Challenges Delhi High Court Judgment Before The Supreme Court]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2019/04/26/pwr10--association%20of%20publishers%20in%20india.html Association of Publishers in India Launched Guide to Publishing Ethics on World Book and Copyright Day]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.livelaw.in/sc-moved-du-photocopy-case-judgment/ SC Moved Against DU Photocopy Case Judgment]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ip-watch.org/2017/07/12/course-packs-education-ruled-legal-india-huge-triumph-access-educational-materials/ Course Packs For Education Ruled Legal In India: Triumph For Access To Educational Materials]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/du-photocopy-case-delhi-high-court-copyright-judgement-4422503/ Issues of access and ‘fair use’ in new High Court copyright judgment]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Copyright agencies]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 2000]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhanpura_tehsil&diff=490826 2025-11-28T00:18:01Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Bhanpura tehsil<br /> |native_name =<br /> |native_name_lang =<br /> |settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]<br /> |image_skyline =<br /> |imagesize =<br /> |image_alt =<br /> |image_caption = <br /> | image =<br /> &lt;!-- maps and coordinates --&gt;<br /> |pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India<br /> |pushpin_label_position = right<br /> |pushpin_map_alt =<br /> |pushpin_mapsize =<br /> |pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|24.52|N|75.73|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> |coordinates_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;<br /> |subdivision_type = Country<br /> |subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[mandsaur district]]<br /> |government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]<br /> |governing_body = [[Council]]<br /> &lt;!-- area --&gt;<br /> |area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> |area_rural_footnotes = <br /> | area_rural_km2 =<br /> |area_rank =<br /> | area_blank1_title =<br /> | area_blank1_km2 =<br /> |area_note =<br /> |width_mi =<br /> |elevation_min_rank =<br /> &lt;!-- population --&gt;<br /> |population_as_of = 2022<br /> |population_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhanpura Population (2021/2022), Tehsil Village List in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Madhya_Pradesh/Mandsaur/Bhanpura |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828203351/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Madhya_Pradesh/Mandsaur/Bhanpura |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.indiagrowing.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |population_total = 193,660<br /> <br /> | population_density_km2 =<br /> |population_density_sq_mi=<br /> |population_urban_footnotes =<br /> |population_urban =<br /> | population_density_urban_km2 =<br /> |population_density_urban_sq_mi =<br /> |population_rural_footnotes =<br /> |population_rural =<br /> | population_density_rural_km2 =<br /> |population_density_rural_sq_mi =<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> &lt;!-- time zone(s) --&gt;<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> &lt;!-- postal codes, area code --&gt;<br /> |postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)<br /> |postal_code = <br /> |area_code_type = &lt;!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --&gt;<br /> |area_code = <br /> | geocode =<br /> |registration_plate = <br /> &lt;!-- blank fields (section 1) --&gt;<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank_info_sec1 = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 =<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = <br /> &lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;<br /> | blank_name_sec2 =<br /> | blank_info_sec2 =<br /> &lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;<br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> |iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bhanpura tehsil''' is a [[tehsil]] in [[Mandsaur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As of 2011, the tehsil had a population of 151,297.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhanpura (Tehsil, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/madhyapradesh/admin/mandsaur/03492__bhanpura/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Mandsaur district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharat_Connect&diff=490869 2025-11-21T21:28:37Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: new.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Integrated bill payment system in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox interbank network<br /> | name = Bharat Connect<br /> | logo = File:Bharat Connect Primary Logo SVG.svg<br /> | area = [[India]]<br /> | members = <br /> | atm = <br /> | foundation = {{Start date and age|2013|}}<br /> | owner = [[National Payments Corporation of India|NPCI]]<br /> | website = {{url|https://www.bharat-connect.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''NPCI Bharat BillPay Limited (NBBL)''' [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''Bharat Connect''', and formerly named '''Bharat Bill Payment System''' ('''BBPS''')&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-30 |title=RBI executive director announces Bharat Connect as new identity for BBPS at Global Fintech Fest 2024 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-rbi-executive-director-announces-bharat-connect-as-new-identity-for-bbps-at-global-fintech-fest-2024-3596900/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an integrated bill payment system in [[India]] offering interoperable and accessible bill payment service to customers through a network of agents of registered members as Agent Institutions (AI), enabling multiple payment modes, and providing instant confirmation of payment.&lt;ref name=&quot;RBI&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=9368&amp;Mode=0 | title=Implementation of Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) - Guidelines | publisher=Reserve Bank of India | date=28 November 2014 | access-date=29 November 2014 | archive-date=6 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206030325/http://rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=9368&amp;Mode=0 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[National Payments Corporation of India]] (NPCI) functions as the authorized Bharat Bill Payment Central Unit (BBPCU), which will be responsible for setting business standards, rules and procedures for technical and business requirements for all the participants and requirement. NPCI, as the BBPCU, will also undertake clearing and settlement activities related to transactions routed through Bharat Connect. Existing bill aggregators and banks are envisaged to work as Operating Units to provide an interoperable bill payment system, irrespective of which unit has on-boarded a particular biller. Payments may be made through the Bharat Connect using cash, transfer cheques, and electronic modes. Bharat Connect has also been integrated with the [[Unified Payments Interface]] (UPI) for instant payments through UPI enabled smartphones.&lt;ref name=&quot;NPCI&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.npci.org.in/BBPS-about-us.aspx | title=NPCI - About Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) | publisher=National Payments Corporation of India | access-date=2 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103012729/http://www.npci.org.in/BBPS-about-us.aspx | archive-date=3 January 2017 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Committee headed by RBI Executive Director G. Padmanabhan was set up in 2013 to study the feasibility of implementation of [[Giro (banking)|Giro]] based [[Payment Systems]]. It had estimated that over 30,800 million bills amounting to ₹6223 billion are generated each year in the top 20 cities in the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;RBI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> It was felt that an integrated bill payment system is required in the country that could offer interoperable and accessible bill payment services to customers through a network of agents, allow multiple payment modes, and provide instant confirmation of payment. This should also serve as an efficient, cost-effective alternative to the existing systems and enhance consumer confidence and experience.<br /> <br /> On 6 August 2022, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) allowed BBPS cross border inward billing facility for [[Non-Resident Indians|Non-resident Indians]]. NRIs can now directly pay utility bills, education fees, municipal tax and insurance-related payments without the need to send money first to a resident Indian bank account.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=M |first=Maulik |date=2022-08-06 |title=NRIs will now be able to pay for services in India directly |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/nris-will-now-be-able-to-pay-for-services-in-india-directly-11659725581630.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The facility became active from 13 September 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 September 2022 |title=Good News for NRIs: India now accepts cross-border payments |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/career-news/good-news-for-nris-india-now-accepts-cross-border-payments/articleshow/94175265.cms |access-date=2022-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 20 September, RBI governor [[Shaktikanta Das]] officially launched Bharat BillPay Cross-Border Bill Payments at [[Global Fintech Fest|Global Fintech Fest 2022]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chanchal |date=2022-09-20 |title=UPI Lite among key digital payment initiatives launched: Here's how it works |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/upi-lite-among-key-digital-payment-initiatives-launched-here-s-how-it-works-11663681116422.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the [[Global Fintech Fest|Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2024]], Vivek Deep, executive director of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), announced the rebranding of the Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) to Bharat Connect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Unified Presentment Management System ===<br /> NPCI on 4 January 2022 launched Unified Presentment Management System (UPMS) for recurring payment. Customers can set up standing instructions for any mode of payment. The payment will be done automatically in terms of auto-debit and bill payment management. UPMS will help in payment of mutual funds, insurance, subscriptions, school fee payments etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shetty|first=Mayur|date=4 January 2022|title=NPCI arm enables recurring payments for services at a click|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/npci-arm-enables-recurring-payments-for-services-at-a-click/articleshow/88695845.cms|access-date=2022-01-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Banking Connect ===<br /> Banking Connect is an interoperable payment system designed to transform online merchant payments by resolving long-standing issues such as fragmented integrations, non-standardized settlements, and inefficient dispute resolution. It enables a single, unified integration between banks and payment aggregators (PAs), eliminating the need for multiple point-to-point connections. The initiative was introduced at this year’s Global Fintech Fest, marking a major step toward simplifying and standardizing digital payment infrastructure. The pilot phase includes leading banks such as HDFC Bank, SBI, Federal Bank, AU Small Finance Bank, and ICICI Bank, along with payment gateways including SBI ePay, Pine Labs, and Razorpay.&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bharat Connect QR Implementation for New Customer Acquisition on Bharat Connect |url=https://www.bharat-connect.com/pdfs/circulars/2024/Bharat-Connect-QR-Implementation-for-New-Customer-Acquisition-on-Bharat-Connect.pdf |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=www.bharat-connect.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chakravarti |first=Ankita |date=2024-08-31 |title=Google announces UPI Circle, UPI Vouchers, and other features for Google Pay: Know what it is and how it works |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/google-announces-upi-circle-upi-vouchers-and-other-features-for-google-pay-know-what-it-is-and-how-it-works-2591292-2024-08-31 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|India|Banks|Money}}<br /> * [[India Stack]]<br /> * [[Aadhar]]<br /> * [[Indian passport]]<br /> * [[Immediate Payment Service]]<br /> * [[Merchant account]]<br /> * [[National Payments Corporation of India]]<br /> * [[Permanent account number]]<br /> * [[Ration card (India)|Indian ration card]]<br /> * [[RuPay]]<br /> * [[Unified Payments Interface]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Banking in India]]<br /> [[Category:Payment systems]]<br /> [[Category:Payment and settlement systems in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-econ-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P_S_Jayhari&diff=523292 2025-10-18T22:40:29Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian music composer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = P S Jayhari<br /> | image = Psjayhari.jpg<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Music Composer<br /> | years_active = 2018–present<br /> | parents = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | known for = ''[[Athiran]], [[Jeem Boom Bhaa]], Kadakalam'' etc.<br /> | children = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''P S Jayhari''' is an [[India|Indian]] music composer who predominantly work in Malayalam Movie Industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/apr/10/when-one-debut-led-to-another-10974.html|title=When one debut led to another|work=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/may/10/ilaiyaraaja-is-my-primary-inspiration-1813035.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515210501/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/may/10/ilaiyaraaja-is-my-primary-inspiration-1813035.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2018|title='Ilaiyaraaja is my primary inspiration'|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Sajin|last=Shrijith|date=10 May 2018|accessdate=21 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/310118/striking-a-chord.html|title=Striking a chord|work=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is known for composing songs for the movies ''[[Athiran]], Pidikittapulli, 18 Hours'', ''Kadakalam, Kochal'' etc. He is also known for scoring the documentary Chembai: My Discovery of a Legend which got special mention in National Film Awards in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sou-sadanandan-on-her-short-film-rabbit-hole/article22608721.ece|title='Rabbit Hole' discusses depression|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/sellamma-music-video-by-k-s-harisankar-and-p-s-jayhari-r8f3gy|title=Sellamma : പി എസ് ജയ്ഹരിയുടെ സംഗീതത്തില്‍ കെ എസ് ഹരിശങ്കറിന്റെ ആലാപനം, 'സെല്ലമ്മ'യും ഹിറ്റാകുന്നു|work=Asianet News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2020/09/05/music-director-p-s-jayhari-got-married.html|title=സംഗീതസംവിധായകൻ പി.എസ്.ജയഹരി വിവാഹിതനായി; പൂവണിഞ്ഞത് 6 വർഷത്തെ പ്രണയം|work=Malayala Manorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Discography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes and {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Athiran]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jeem Boom Bhaa]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | 2021 || ''Pidikittapulli'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''18 Hours'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kadakalam'' || Kerala State award-winning Movie &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2021/05/06/music-director-p-s-jayhari-opens-up-about-new-song-kaniye-from-the-movie-kaadakalam.html|title='ആ വരി ബിജിയേട്ടൻ പാടിയപ്പോൾ കണ്ണ് നിറഞ്ഞു', ചങ്കുലയ്ക്കുന്ന പാട്ടിനു പിന്നിൽ; ജയഹരി പറയുന്നു|work=Malayala Manorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''Kochal'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sanjay On Call'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''Santhosham'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Imbam]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''Mr &amp; Mrs Bachelor'' ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-14 |title=Mr &amp; Mrs Bachelor teaser: Indrajith and Anaswara's film promises to be road trip comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/14/mr-mrs-bachelor-teaser-indrajith-and-anaswaras-film-promises-to-be-road-trip-comedy |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards and recognition ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Category<br /> ! scope=''col'' | Film<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Result<br /> |-<br /> | 2020||Vanitha Film Award|| Best Music Director ||rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|''[[Athiran]]''||{{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2020/vanitha-film-awards-2020-mohanlal-prithviraj-sukumaran-parvathy-win-top-honours-294884.html|title=Vanitha Film Awards 2020: Mohanlal, Prithviraj Sukumaran, Parvathy Thiruvothu Win Top Honours|work=Filmibeat}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2019||Red FM Film Award||Best Debut Music Director||{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2020||Mirchi Music Award||Best Debut Music Director||{{Won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jayhari, P. S.}}<br /> [[Category:Indian film score composers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male composers]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-composer-stub}}</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qutbi_Bohra&diff=527625 2025-09-24T00:52:42Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: created redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Succession to the 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq#Khuzaima Qutbuddin's Claim]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|1=<br /> {{R from merge}}<br /> {{R to section}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dawoodi Bohras]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyderabad_Subah&diff=503347 2025-09-22T05:35:22Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: adding first data v1...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Province of the Mughal Empire}}<br /> {{Infobox former country <br /> | common_name = Hyderabad Subah<br /> | area_label = 1707<br /> | area_sq_mi = 109362&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url= |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-560379-8 |language=en|chapter=Table II: Areas of the Deccan ''Ṣūbahs'', 1707|author-link=Irfan Habib|pages=xii–xiii}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | capital = [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | today = [[India]]<br /> | event_start = [[Siege of Golconda]]<br /> | year_start = 1687<br /> | date_start = <br /> | preceding_entity1 = <br /> | p1 = Golconda Sultanate<br /> | s1 = Hyderabad State<br /> | conventional_long_name = Hyderabad Subah<br /> | event1 = [[Battle of Shakar Kheda]]<br /> | date_event1 = 1724<br /> | event_end = <br /> | year_end = 1724/1740<br /> | date_end = <br /> | native_name = Golconda Subah, Dar-ul Jihad<br /> }}<br /> '''Hyderabad Subah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|صوبه حیدرآباد}}}}),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Richards |first=J. F. |date=1975b |title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687-1707 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/311962 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=241–260 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996 |issn=0026-749X |jstor=311962 |s2cid=142989123|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; also known as '''Golconda Subah''',{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=260}} was a province of the [[Mughal Empire]] encompassing the eastern [[Deccan]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It was created in 1687, during the reign of [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]], by the annexation of the [[Golconda Sultanate]]. Hyderabad Subah later began to secede in the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined and became fully independent as part of the [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Nizam]]-administered Deccan.<br /> <br /> The province was given the official epithet of ''Dar-ul Jihad'' (House of War) upon annexation by Aurangzeb.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=50}}<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> {{Further|Golconda Sultanate|Siege of Golconda}}[[File:Emperor Aurangzebe at the siege of Golconda, 1687.jpeg|left|thumb|18th-century painting of Aurangzeb at the [[Siege of Golconda]] in 1687.]]<br /> The precedent for Hyderabad Subah lies in the reign of Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]], who in 1636 negotiated a deed of submission with the Golconda Sultanate (reigned by the Qutb Shahis), making them tributaries to the Mughals. This was part of a larger imperial project to establish authority in the Deccan; the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] had just been annexed, and the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] was facing similar pressure from the Mughals.{{Sfn|Eaton|2005|p=157-158}} Over the next few decades, Shah Jahan maintained this tributary relationship, though under stress from a faction of the court to formally annex the sultanates. [[Aurangzeb]], a son of Shah Jahan and future emperor, was a key proponent of this, and events in 1656 led to him orchestrating an attack on the Sultanate, which was recalled by his father following a peace agreement.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=35-38}} After Aurangzeb himself ascended the throne, he attacked the Golconda Sultanate, leading to the eight-month [[Siege of Golconda]] and Mughal victory in 1687; the Sultanate was incorporated into the Mughal Empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; This was the culmination of Mughal policy in the Deccan,{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=52-53}} and the fulfilment of a long-standing initiative of Aurangzeb.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> === Establishment ===<br /> Following the annexation of the Golconda Sultanate, its territories were incorporated into the empire. Particularly, Aurangzeb split the Sultanate into two; the main territory of Golconda (twenty districts to the north of the [[Krishna River]]) was made into Hyderabad Subah, while the twelve districts south of this (termed the ''Karnatik-i-Hyderabadi'' or Hyderabad-Karnatik'')'' were made into its administrative unit, not fully a province.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Richards |first=J. F. |date=1976 |title=The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053981 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=239 |doi=10.2307/2053981 |jstor=2053981 |s2cid=161294806 |issn=0021-9118|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Husain |first=Zakir |date=2000 |title=PROBLEMS OF THE DECCAN ADMINISTRATION IN THE LAST DECADE OF AURANGZEB'S REIGN — Based on Explorations in the Inayat Jung Collection of the National Archives |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44148109 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=61 |pages=331 |jstor=44148109 |issn=2249-1937}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aurangzeb initially retained many Qutb Shahi officers in their former positions across the province, mostly for propaganda effect, to make the Mughals' authority seem amicable to the old political order. To this end, the first ''[[subahdar]]'' (governor) of Hyderabad was Muhammad Ibrahim, a leading general of Golconda who had defected to the Mughals during its conquest of Golconda. Within two months however, Aurangzeb concluded this policy and transported many Golconda officials to other parts of the empire, stationing Mughal officers in their stead; [[Ruhullah Khan]], [[Mir bakhshi|chief ''bakhshi'']] (paymaster) of the empire, was made temporary governor of the province.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=54-57}}<br /> <br /> === Mughal Hyderabad ===<br /> In less than a year, Aurangzeb replaced Ruhullah Khan with a noble named [[Jan Sipar Khan]], previously ''[[faujdar]]'' at [[Bidar]]. His son [[Rustam Dil Khan]] acted as deputy.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=78-79}} During the first four years of its existence, Hyderabad Subah faced continual raids by [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] since the region was no longer protected by the treaties between the Marathas and the Golconda Sultan. Aurangzeb did not provide much assistance with this, as he was more concerned with political instability in the Hyderabad Karnatik. Hyderabad also faced internal turmoil due to the disobedience of local ''[[zamindars]],'' who raided and plundered villages. Starting in 1691 however, the governor and other Hyderabad officials began to be able to win battles with these ''zamindars''. In 1692, the Maratha raids largely came to an end, as the focus of the [[Mughal–Maratha Wars|Mughal-Maratha war]] shifted to [[Gingee Fort|Gingee]]. These factors ushered in a period of relative peace in the province of Hyderabad for the next seven years, as Hyderabad's officials tried to forge conciliatory relationships with the ''zamindars and'' ''[[deshmukh]]s'' of the province, to some success. However, the Hyderabad administration was unsuccessful in incorporating the [[Telugu people|Telugu]] chiefs and warrior class into the Mughal order.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=108-134}}<br /> <br /> Jan Sipar Khan served as governor for twelve years, following which he died in office. Aurangzeb appointed his son [[Kam Bakhsh]] as the new governor. Kam Bakhsh served in absentee, though he maintained an active interest in Hyderabad Subah due to the several wealthy ''[[jagir]]s'' he owned in the region. In his stead, Jan Sipar Khan's son Rustam Dil Khan was appointed as deputy, making him the effective governor of the province. Beginning in 1700, Hyderabad Subah faced several raids again by Marathas, in addition to other local chiefs. Rustam Dil Khan was unable to respond to these challenges to Mughal authority - this apparent weakness also led banditry to become a prevalent issue in the province. All these resulted in a negative impact on the economy and revenue, as well as a breakdown in the local administration. Aurangzeb reduced Rustam Dil Khan's rank in punishment, and later even removed him from his post. He was returned to his post as effective governor in 1706, as Aurangzeb found difficulty in appointing officers with experience in the region. Aurangzeb also refused to assign more troops and military resources to Hyderabad Subah, since he needed them for his campaigns in the Deccan. Hence the period began to see an administrative breakdown, as officers of the province began to act in self-preservation rather than in service of the empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Richards |first=J. F. |date=1976 |title=The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053981 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=250–252 |doi=10.2307/2053981 |jstor=2053981 |s2cid=161294806 |issn=0021-9118|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=216-235}}<br /> <br /> In 1707, Aurangzeb died, triggering a war of succession. Kam Bakhsh, who with the help of his father had been building authority in Hyderabad Subah, occupied the region and crowned himself independent king of Golconda. Rustam Dil Khan was confirmed in his old position as governor; however, he had been building up vast sums of money in the province during Aurangzeb's reign. When Kam Bakhsh attempted to confiscate this, he was met with resistance from the governor, and so had him executed. Kam Bakhsh in general placed great financial pressure on the province, to secure his position as King of Golconda. However, his brother Shah Alam (recently crowned as Mughal emperor [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]], after the defeat of his brother [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]]), had been marching southwards to confront him, and in a decisive battle Kam Bakhsh was killed, continuing Hyderabad's status as a subah of the Mughal Empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=236}}<br /> <br /> The Mughal hold on Hyderabad was generally tenuous as emperor Bahadur Shah paid more attention to the problematic provinces in the north. The political instability of the previous year made local chiefs, ''zamindars, deshmukhs'' and the like to withhold the payment of taxes, leading to a breakdown in provincial administration. Bahadur Shah appointed Yusuf Khan, an [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]] ''[[mansabdar]]'' and previous faujdar of [[Kurnool]], as governor of the province. The major campaign of his tenure was countering the notorious bandit [[Papadu]] (sarvai Papanna), who had risen to power and status during the war of succession following Aurangzeb's death. Yusuf Khan was able to defeat Papadu, a highly publicized event in the empire. Yusuf Khan went on to deal with other rebellious local chiefs; however, his tenure was financially unstable, as his military campaigns did not yield enough money to fund themselves, and payments to his troops remained in arrears. Yusuf Khan died in 1711, following which the position of governor was empty for a year - it was eventually filled by Ibrahim Khan, but financial insolvency and administrative breakdown only accelerated.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=245-263}}<br /> <br /> === Secession ===<br /> In 1713, [[Mubariz Khan]], a Mughal officer with a long tenure in the northern parts of the empire, was appointed to the governorship by [[Farrukhsiyar]], who was now Mughal emperor.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=264-265}} An able administrator, he was able to attack and subdue several unruly ''zamindars'' in the province, as well as keep Maratha raids at bay. His practice of military forcefulness compelled these ''zamindars'' to pay taxes out of fear, which gave his governorship more security than the preceding ones. As he brought stability to the region, he also began to sever its connections to the empire - he only paid occasional sums to the Mughal central treasury and appointed his own provincial officers. Hence Hyderabad increasingly acted as a power base for Mubariz Khan himself, rather than a subah of the empire. A major factor behind this was not just Mubariz Khan's skill as an administrator, but also the decline of the Mughal Empire itself - the imperial centre had deteriorated to the point that it simply could not enforce its authority on Mubariz Khan's activity.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=299-305}}<br /> <br /> In 1713, Farrukhsiyar also appointed Chin Qilich Khan (recently titled [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul Mulk]]) to the [[Viceroy of the Deccan|viceroyalty of the Deccan]], governor of the six subahs of the Mughal Deccan. He served this post for the second time in the period 1720–1722, during which time he also began to consolidate his authority in the region. He came at odds with Mubariz Khan, who was a challenge to his authority in Hyderabad subah, but briefly left for Delhi to serve as ''[[Vizier|wazir]]''. In 1724, the Nizam returned to the Deccan with the intent of establishing an independent kingdom, and defeated Mubariz Khan in the [[Battle of Shakar Kheda]] with Maratha support.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=299}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Faruqui |first=Munis D. |date=2009 |title=At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20488070 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=5–43 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X07003290 |issn=0026-749X |jstor=20488070 |s2cid=146592706|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the period following 1724, and before the Nizam died in 1748, Hyderabad seceded from the Mughal empire, as the Deccan increasingly fell under the personal control of the Nizam. Scholars typically date Hyderabad's independence to 1724 (the year of the Battle of Shakar Kheda) or 1740 (the year the Nizam permanently settled in the Deccan; prior, he would be called to North India intermittently by the Mughal emperor).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Leonard |first=Karen |date=1971 |title=The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=569–570 |doi=10.2307/2052461 |jstor=2052461 |issn=1752-0401|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> The administrative structure of Hyderabad Subah was similar to other subahs of the Mughal Empire. The province was divided into twenty districts, administered from the capital city of Hyderabad. The capital was home to the governor (subahdar), who was the highest-ranking official in the province; he directly represented the emperor and was responsible for political order.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=78-95}} The province also had a [[Divan|''diwan'']], who was the chief fiscal officer of the province,{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=138 &amp; 302}} and a ''[[Bakhshi (Mughal Empire)|bakhshi]],'' who was responsible for maintaining the Mughal cavalry and enforcing the military obligations of ''[[mansabdar]]s''.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=104}} Territorial administration was done by nine ''[[faujdar]]s,'' who were stationed across the province; they maintained public order at the district level. The province contained several strategic Qutb Shahi forts, which were each commanded by a Mughal ''mansabdar''.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=78-95}}<br /> <br /> === Administrative divisions ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Districts of Hyderabad Subah{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=160-161}}<br /> !<br /> !District<br /> !No. of '''[[Pargana]]s'''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |Telangana<br /> |Muhammadnagar (capital district){{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=192 &amp; 266}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bhongir]]<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |[[Devarakonda|Devarkonda]]<br /> |13<br /> |-<br /> |[[Karimnagar|Elgandel]]<br /> |21<br /> |-<br /> |Ghanpura<br /> |9<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kaulas Fort|Kaulas]]<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> |[[Khammam|Khammamett]]<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |[[Koilkonda]]<br /> |13<br /> |-<br /> |Malankur<br /> |3<br /> |-<br /> |[[Medak]]<br /> |13<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nalgonda]]<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pangal]]<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> |[[Warangal]]<br /> |16<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Andhra<br /> |[[Eluru]]<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |[[Machilipatnam]]<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kondaveedu Fort|Murtazanagar]]<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kondapalli|Mustafanagar]]<br /> |24<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nizampatnam]]<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rajahmundry|Rajmundry]]<br /> |24<br /> |-<br /> |[[Srikakulam|Sikakul]]<br /> |1<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Economy ==<br /> Mughal Hyderabad saw several fiscal changes, many of which aligned Hyderabad with the rest of the Mughal Empire. Its currency was changed from the local gold standard to the Mughal silver rupee. Aurangzeb imposed the ''[[jizya]]'' (religious tax on non-Muslims) as part of his annexation, which the Qutb Shahis had never levied, placing a financial burden on non-Muslims but benefitting the empire's tax collection.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=135-138}} He went on to discontinue the ''jizya'' in 1704 in response to Maratha raids.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=209}}<br /> <br /> The Mughals ended tax-farming (''[[ijarah]]),'' which had been the predominant taxation system in the Sultanate era, and instead introduced a tax-collection system that conformed more to Mughal standards; it relied on more centralized revenue assessment and collection in cash, though it was not as bureaucratic or directly enforced as it was in the Mughal heartland provinces (such as [[Delhi Subah|Delhi]], [[Agra Subah|Agra]], [[Lahore Subah|Lahore]] or [[Allahabad Subah|Allahabad]]).{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=169-173}}{{Sfn|Eaton|2005|p=157-158}} The system of ''[[jagir]]s'' was also put in place in Hyderabad. Diamond mines, which had been the Golconda Sultans' famed source of wealth, had stopped functioning following the conquest of Hyderabad, but in 1692 mining was restarted in service of the Mughals.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=209-214}}<br /> <br /> Many of these changes led Hyderabad Subah to economically recover from the Mughal conquest and become self-financing; however, it did not reach the amount of profitability it had during the Qutb Shahi era. Aurangzeb left many fiscal systems in the region untouched (such as the functioning of the ports, and mines) to gain enough short-term revenue to finance his armies in the Deccan, losing out on the possibility of implementing a deeper agrarian system in the region similar to other Mughal subahs, and fully utilizing the resources of Hyderabad.{{Sfn|Richards|1975a|p=209-214}}<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> <br /> === Art ===<br /> The Mughal conquest of Hyderabad ended the role of the Qutb Shahi sultans as patrons of art in the region. However, the Mughal emperor did not fill this role, as he was absent from Hyderabad - instead, the governor, faujdars, and other Mughal officials became sources of artistic patronage. During the era of Hyderabad Subah (1687-1724), Hyderabad remained a leading centre of art; portraiture was very popular, and a new style of painting emerged that combined northern and [[Deccan painting|Deccani]] styles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |pages=210–211 |oclc=268771115}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Religion ===<br /> The annexation of Hyderabad led to the import of northern religious strains into Hyderabad; two disciples of popular Delhi [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint [[Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi|Shah Kalimallah]] (Shah Yusuf al-din Qadiri and Shah Sharaf al-din Qadiri) arrived in Hyderabad with Aurangzeb's armies and established a shrine in the capital, which became a sacred site of the city. Additionally, the Mughals brought a degree of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] prejudice to the region, which had historically been ruled by the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Qutb Shahis. For example, in the aftermath of the conquest, the [[Badshahi Ashurkhana]], a Shia religious site in Hyderabad city, was desecrated. Another Shiite site in the capital, the [[Moula Ali hill|Mawla Ali]] shrine, stopped receiving religious patronage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Green |first=Nile |date=2004 |title=Auspicious Foundations: The Patronage of Sufi Institutions in the Late Mughal and Early Asaf Jah Deccan |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2004.9628637 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=74–75 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2004.9628637 |s2cid=194095748 |issn=0266-6030|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> &lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> <br /> * {{Citation |last=Richards |first=John F. |title=Mughal Administration in Golconda |year=1975a |place=Oxford [England] |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=0-19-821561-4 |oclc=2932290}}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |title=A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives |year=2005 |place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-25484-1 |oclc=58431679}}<br /> {{Mughal Empire}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mughal subahs]]<br /> [[Category:History of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 18th century]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalewala&diff=495403 2025-08-17T04:01:35Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Dallewala<br /> | other_name = ਡੱਲੇਵਾਲਾ<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = &lt;!--India Punjab--&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|30.799|74.655|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]<br /> | government_type = [[Sarpanch]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | population_total = 1033 <br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = <br /> | postal_code = 151203<br /> | registration_plate = PB<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = Faridkot<br /> | website = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Governing body<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Dallewala''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਡੱਲੇਵਾਲਾ) is a village located in the Faridkot tehsil of [[Faridkot district]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dallewala · Punjab 151203, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dallewala,+Punjab+151203/@30.7996487,74.6347619,14z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x3919e6ccf0e94729:0xe175ea450b2bb78f!8m2!3d30.7993737!4d74.6552232!16s/g/1tls1705?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDQwOS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Dallewala · Punjab 151203, India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> The Village has a population of 1033 of which 555 are males while 478 are females as per the census of 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dalewala Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35539-dalewala-punjab.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The postal code of the village is 151203. Total geographical area of the village is 291 hectares according to census of 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNJAB |year=2011 |pages=67 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Qadir_Najmuddin&diff=484225 2025-08-15T00:16:42Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|47th Da'i al-Mutlaq of Dawoodi Bohra sect (1814–1885)}}<br /> {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | name = Syedna AbdulQadir Najmuddin<br /> | native_name = عبدُالقادِر نَجمُ الدّين<br /> | honorific_prefix = {{smallcaps|Syedna}}<br /> | honorific_suffix = [[List of Dai of Dawoodi Bohra|47th]] [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]]<br /> | image = 47_Syedna_Abdulqadir_Najmuddin~2.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1814|08|18|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Surat]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1885|05|11|1814|08|18|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Ujjain]], [[India]]<br /> | resting_place = [[Ujjain]], [[India]]<br /> | ethnicity = <br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | home_town = [[Mumbai]]<br /> | net_worth = <br /> | title = {{hlist |Syedna |Maulana| Da'i al-Mutlaq |Da'i al-Fatemi}}<br /> | office1 = [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]<br /> | term_start1 = 1840<br /> | term_end1 = 1885<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Mohammed Badruddin]]<br /> | successor1 = [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin]]<br /> | boards = <br /> | father = [[Tayyeb Zainuddin]]<br /> | religion = [[Islam]]<br /> | sect = [[Isma'ili]]<br /> | subsect = [[Dawoodi Bohra]]<br /> | jurisprudence = {{hlist|[[Mustaali]] |[[Tayyabi]]}}<br /> | relatives = <br /> | awards = <br /> | website = <br /> | background = #ded<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Image in infobox, this is redundant. Feel free to replace one with the other.<br /> [[File:Mousoleum Dai Ujjai.JPG|thumb|400px|Mausoleum 47th Dai at Ujjain, MP, India]] --&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Syedna AbdulQadir Najmuddin bin [[Tayyeb Zainuddin|Syedna Tayyeb Zainuddin]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mazaraat.org/ujjain/dai47.htm |title=47th Dai Syedna Abdulqader Najmuddin Saheb |publisher=Mazaraat.org |access-date=2014-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301213921/http://www.mazaraat.org/ujjain/dai47.htm |archive-date=2014-03-01 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (born 18 August 1814 (2nd Ramazan al-Moazzam 1229 AH) – died 11 May 1885) became the 47th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] sect amid succession disputes.<br /> <br /> He was born to Syedna Tayyeb Zainuddin when his father and his father's younger brother Syedna Mohammed Ezzuddin were being trained by Syedna [[Abdeali Saifuddin]] to become Da'i al-Mutlaq. He was taught by Syedi Abdeali Imaduddin.&lt;ref name=p67&gt;Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 67&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When his father [[Tayyeb Zainuddin]] became the 45th Da'i al-Mutlaq, he was seven years old.<br /> <br /> He was the Da'i al-Mutlaq until 1885 when he died in an epidemic&lt;ref name=p68&gt;Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 68&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=p69&gt;Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 69&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Ujjain]], where he is buried.&lt;ref name=p69 /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Syedna Abdul Qadir Najmuddin was born in Mumbai. His father wanted to name him as 'Yusuf' but the Syedna Abdeali Saifuddin changed it to 'Abdul Qadir'.&lt;ref name=p67 /&gt; The significance of this was realized later when he became the 47th Da'i al-Mutlaq.<br /> <br /> Most of his father's time was devoted to the services of 43rd Da'i al-Mutlaq. So in his infancy he remained mostly attached with the family of Da'i al-Mutlaq. He and Syedna Mohammed Budruddin (who was 3 years older), the son of 43rd Da'i al-Mutlaq grew up together. They were together in almost everything, in their studies, in acquiring knowledge and in their positions in the community.&lt;ref name=p67 /&gt;<br /> <br /> His father [[Tayyeb Zainuddin]] became the 45th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra sect at the age of 38 years.&lt;ref&gt;Hozefa Moiyuddin, Tufatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 87&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Photo gallery==<br /> Dargah-e-Najmi<br /> &lt;gallery perrow=&quot;5&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Entrance Roja Dawoodi Bohra Dais ,Ujjain.jpg| Entrance Dargah-e-Najmi<br /> File:Mosque, Roja premises, Ujjain.jpg| Mosque, Roja premises, Ujjain<br /> File:Ujjain Dawoodi Bohra Roja musafirkhana.jpg | Residential accommodation facility for visitors at Dargah-e-Najmi<br /> File:Kabr syednna najmuddin, ujjain.jpg| Kabr Syednna Najmuddin, Dargah-e-Najmi, Ujjain<br /> File:Roja Dawoodi Bohra Dais, Ujjain.jpg| Dargah-e-Najmi, Ujjain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family tree==<br /> [[File:Family Tree Dawoodi Bohra Dais.jpg|700px|left|thumb|Family Tree Dawoodi Bohra Dais]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Gems of History, [https://drive.google.com/file/d/10-Q22KPxd8Cl5iNUWLi_ttZYoVTQMSxI/view?usp=sharing&amp;usp=embed_facebook&amp;usp=embed_facebook]<br /> <br /> {{s-start }}<br /> {{s-rel|sh}}<br /> {{s-hou| [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]]|| 18 August 1814||11 May 1885}}<br /> {{Succession box<br /> | title = 47th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]<br /> | years = 1840–1885<br /> | before = Syedna [[Mohammed Badruddin]]<br /> | after = Syedna [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin]]<br /> }}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Dā'ī al-Mutlaq}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdul Qadir Najmuddin}}<br /> [[Category:Dawoodi Bohra da'is]]<br /> [[Category:1814 births]]<br /> [[Category:1885 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Ismailis]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nidumolu_Sumathi&diff=448248 2025-07-24T15:29:39Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian percussionist}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | birth_place = [[Eluru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<br /> | image = <br /> | instrument = [[Mridangam]]<br /> | occupation = Musician<br /> | alias = Dandamudi Sumathi<br /> | name = Nidumolu Sumathi<br /> | spouse = [[Dandamudi Ramamohan Rao]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Nidumolu Sumathi''' (born 16 October 1950), also known as '''Dandamudi Sumathi''' is an Indian percussionist, primarily playing the [[mridangam]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=Four artistes from Telugu states honoured with Padma Shri|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/four-artistes-telugu-states-honoured-padma-shri-142169|access-date=2021-01-29|website=The News Minute|language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She is married to &quot;Mridangam Maestro&quot; [[Dandamudi Ramamohan Rao]]. She is one of the first female mridangam players in India, and the first female Laya Vinyasam artist. Sumathi received India's fourth-highest civilian award, [[Padma Shri]], in 2021.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehansindia&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|last=Rao|first=P. Krishna|date=2021-01-27|title=Covid-19 paralysed everything but not music|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/womenia/covid-19-paralysed-everything-but-not-music-668939|access-date=2021-01-29|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> {{BLP sources section|date=May 2021}}<br /> Dandamudi Sumathi Ram Mohan Rao was born on 16 October 1950 in Eluru, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Her parents were Sri Nidumolu Raghavaiah and Smt.Nidumolu Venkataratnamma. At age six Sumathi started learning mridangam from her father who was a [[mridangam]] [[vidwan]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Ranee|date=2011-06-09|title=Into a man's world|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/into-a-mans-world/article2090680.ece|access-date=2021-01-29|issn=0971-751X}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He took her to concerts and supported her interest in percussion.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;/&amp;gt; She gave her first performance at age 10. In 1964, after completing a certificate and diploma course in mridangam, she studied under Sri Dandamudi Ram Mohan Rao.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;/&amp;gt; She learned many intricate techniques from her guru and started giving performances.<br /> <br /> In 2003, she became an &quot;A-TOP&quot; grade artist of [[All India Radio]]. She was the first female mridangist to achieve this grade. She and her spouse became the only A-TOP grade mridangam duo and gave laya vinyasam concerts. She rose from an accompanying artist to become a solo performer. Many of her programmes were broadcast/telecast. Synchronizing left and right, she plays with mellifluous melody with excellent balance in sruthi and laya.<br /> <br /> She accompanied artists including M.S.Subbalakshmi, [[Chittoor Subramaniam Pillai]], Voleti Venkateswarlu, Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna|M.Balamurali Krishna]], Pt. [[Bhimsen Joshi]], [[M. Chandrasekaran|M.Chandrasekaran]], [[Emani Sankara Sastry|Emani Sankara Sastri]], [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti Babu]], [[N. Ramani]], and [[U. Srinivas|U.Srinivas]].<br /> <br /> In 2000, she established Laya Vedika, an organization promoting the mridangam, conducting competitions for students, and conferring the title &quot;Laya Praveena&quot; to accomplished vidwans.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;/&amp;gt; In 2011, Nidumolu and her organization unveiled a bronze statue of Sri Ram Mohan Rao in Tummalapalli Kshetrayya Kalakshetram, [[Vijayawada]] on the first anniversary of his death. In<br /> <br /> 2015, she conducted a program named Satha Mridanga Vadya Nivali, as a tribute to her guru/husband with a group of 100 mridangam artists for the first time. This program appeared in records of Telugu Book of Records.<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> She married her guru Sri Dandamudi Rama Mohan Rao.<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> She received many awards and was celebrated in many sabhas. She received the Kendra Sangeet Natak Akademi award from the [[President of India]] in 2010—the only lady mridangam artist to receive it. She was honoured with &quot;Ugadi Puraskaram&quot; from the government of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in 2015.<br /> <br /> The Government of India awarded her the &quot;Padma Shri&quot;, India's fourth highest civilian award, in 2021.<br /> <br /> === Awards and honours ===<br /> {{BLP sources section|date=May 2021}}<br /> *Best Mridangist Award from [[Madras Music Academy]], twice in 1974, 1976<br /> *Palani Subramania Pillai Memorial Prize from Music Academy in 1985<br /> *Best Mridangist Award from Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai in 2005<br /> *Best Citizens of India Award from International Publishing House, New Delhi in 2008<br /> *Kendra [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for the year 2009<br /> *Guruvayur Dorai Trust Award from Guruvayur Dorai Trust, Chennai in 2013<br /> *Ugadi Puraskaram from the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2015<br /> *Palani Subramanya Pillai Memorial Award in 2016 from Percussive Arts Centre, Bangalore in 2016&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title=Mridanga Vidushi honoured {{!}} Andhra Pradesh First|url=https://www.hyderabadfirst.in/?p=16016|access-date=2021-01-29|language=en-US|website=hyderabadfirst.in}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Padma Shri]] in 2021&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;thehansindia&quot;/&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Honorary titles ===<br /> {{BLP sources section|date=May 2021}}<br /> * Mridanga Siromani<br /> * Mridanga Maharani<br /> * Nadha Bhageeratha<br /> * Mridangalaya Vidyasagara<br /> * Mridanga Vinyasa Kalabharathi<br /> * Sunada Sudhanidhi<br /> * Srimukha Mridanga Vidwanmani<br /> * Gayathri Sangeetha Vidwanmani<br /> * Naadhalaya Samraagni<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{Portal|India|Music}}<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sumathi, Nidumolu}}<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br /> [[Category:Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Mridangam players]]<br /> [[Category:Indian classical composers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women classical composers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women musicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian percussionists]]<br /> [[Category:Women percussionists]]<br /> [[Category:All India Radio people]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Eluru]]<br /> [[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:1950 births]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]</div>

GarryNeuhaus77 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jataveda&diff=505815 2024-11-07T14:27:28Z

<p>GarryNeuhaus77: adding a details more to come...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> '''Jataveda''' ({{langx|sa|जातवेद}}, {{IAST|jātaveda}}) is a [[Vedic Sanskrit]] term for a particular form/epithet of [[Agni]], the [[Thirty-three gods|Vedic god]] of fire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dowson&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In a tradition originating in the [[historical Vedic religion|late Vedic]] period, but already alluded to in the [[RigVeda]], Agni has three forms: a celestial form (fire of the sun and the stars), an aerial form (lightning and the life-force of vegetation called the 'Child/Embryo of the Waters'), and a terrestrial form (e.g., the altar fire at worship). In this scheme, Jataveda ([[mass noun]]) represents the class of terrestrial fires (i.e. hearth fire, kiln fire, and so on), but in particular {{mdash}} as ''the'' Jataveda {{mdash}} representing Agni as the altar fire.<br /> <br /> In that aspect as the altar fire, Agni-Jataveda was perceived to be the means through which his worshippers were to gain knowledge/wisdom/understanding (''veda'') of all existence (''jata''). In an extended sense, the altar fire/Agni-Jataveda was then also perceived to be the [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|hypostasis]] of the inspiration that engendered the [[Vedas]] themselves.<br /> <br /> This exact sense of word appears to have been lost very early,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dowson&quot; /&gt; and there are numerous speculations on the nature of the Jatavedas in the commentaries of the late Vedas and the [[Brahmanas]]. The word is explained five ways:&lt;ref name=&quot;Dowson&quot; /&gt; (1) Knowing all created beings; (2) Possessing all creatures or everything existent; (3) Known by created beings; (4) Possessing ''vedas'', riches; (5.) Possessing ''vedas'', wisdom. Even more derivations and explanations are found in the Brahmanas.<br /> <br /> In post-Vedic literature, the term is also used as an epithet of [[Shiva]].<br /> <br /> According to [[Brahma Purana|Brahma puran]], Jataveda is the brother of [[Agni]] who used to deliver havishya (offerings to [[Yajna]]). He was killed by Madhu, son of [[Diti]], due to which he himself was posted as the new Jataveda by [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] and [[Rishi|Rishis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Puran |first=Brahma |title=Sankshipt Brahma puran |publisher=Geeta press |pages=171 |language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;Dowson&quot;&gt;{{citation|last=Dowson|first=John|year=1888|chapter=Jatavedas|title=A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature|location=London|publisher=Trübner}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{HinduMythology}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rigveda]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Hindu-myth-stub}}</div>

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